Saving Time A Joint SCAA/NFU Scotland Initiative Version 1 – August 2014
Saving Time – A Joint SCAA/NFU Scotland Initiative Introduction One of the most important pieces of information contained in a 999 call to the emergency services is the location of the incident. This information could enable the emergency services to reach the scene quickly and save time in getting help to a patient and/or getting a patient to hospital. This straightforward initiative helps those working outdoors to know where they are in relation to obvious landmarks and in turn could get help to them quickly in the event of an emergency. This document shows how farmers, land owners, gamekeepers and many others could establish a network of reference points across their land which could be used to assist the emergency services to locate them in an emergency. The network would be useful for air ambulance crews to locate an emergency incident, but is just as relevant to any other elements of the emergency services. However, there are other factors which affect helicopters, such as weather, so an air ambulance response is not guaranteed. How it Works The model was presented to farmers in Highland Perthshire who then participated in a workshop to establish a fictitious network of reference points around Aberfeldy. Farmers know their land better than anyone. At the workshop they swiftly identified a series of easily identifiable reference points, established the grid references for them and were shown how to produce a card which showed the information. The workshop went well and the audience was very receptive to this idea and wanted it to be developed into a model across Scotland. The model enables information about an incident location to be available before an emergency call is made and comprises the following steps:
Identify the reference points Establish the grid references of the reference points Construct the Reference Card. How to use the Reference Points.
The steps are explained and expanded below. Identify the Reference Points Reference points should be:
Easily identifiable from the ground and air – ideally they should be unique and have vertical extent, but this may not be possible in all cases. Prominent hills, radio masts, water features, bridges, roundabouts, churches or road features would be good examples. Known to the person who is likely to make an emergency call.
You should avoid choosing reference points which are hidden from the air or are not obvious from the ground. The first step is to choose a number of reference points, about 5km apart, and number them as shown below. A Reference Card might look like this:
Reference Points 1
River Bridge
2
Farmhouse
3
Mast
4
Loch
5
Hill
Diagram 1: Example of Part-Completed Reference Card
Establish the Grid References of the Reference Points How to take a Grid Reference Find the Prefix. Great Britain has been laid out on a grid system of 100km by 100km squares which covers all of England, Wales and Scotland, including the Outer Isles, Orkney and Shetland. Each square has a two letter code which forms the prefix of the grid reference. This prefix is important and is shown in the lower right corner of an Ordnance Survey map. The prefix is unique and avoids confusing one location from another. Examples of prefixes are NN, NO, NS, NT. Your next step is to establish which 100km square you are in.
Diagram 2: British National Grid System
Grid Squares. Each prefixed grid square is further broken down into 10km by 10km squares which are shown on a 1:50,000 scale Ordnance Survey Landranger map. The squares are numbered vertically and horizontally and originate in the lower left corner of each square. The horizontal numbers are known as Eastings and the vertical numbers are known as Northings. To take a grid reference state the prefix followed by the Easting (in the door), then the Northing (up the stairs). For example, in the diagram below ‘x’ is in grid square NN86. Remember: in the door; up the stairs.
9 8
(up the stairs)
N O R T H I N G S
x
7 6
NN
5 4 3 2 1 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
EASTINGS (in the door)
8
9
Diagram 3: 100km by 100km Grid Square
NN86 identifies ‘x’ within a 10km by 10km grid square. Each of these grid squares is further divided into 1km by 1km squares and this is shown as the grid overlay on a Landranger map. Therefore ‘x’ lies within grid square NN8866
69 68 N O R T H I N G S
67
x
66 65
NN
64 63 62 61 60 80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
EASTINGS
Diagram 4: 10km by 10km Grid Squares
Each of these squares is also divided into a 10 by 10 grid as shown on the map below. This allows the position of ‘x’ to be shown to an accuracy of 100 metres. It can be seen from the diagram above that ‘x’ lies in the centre of that grid square and therefore its grid reference would be NN885665. This is known as a 6-figure grid reference and this is what is to be used for defining the position of a reference point on the card. Construct the Reference Card In the same way as above take the grid references of the Reference Points.
Diagram 5: How to take the Grid References of the Reference Points
Then insert the grid references into the Reference Card.
Reference Points 1
River Bridge
Grid: NN851493
2
Farmhouse
Grid: NN850483
3
Mast
Grid: NN877486
4
Loch
Grid: NN883459
5
Hill
Grid: NN856458
Diagram 6: Completed Reference Card
You have now constructed your Reference Card and you could display it on the reverse of your mobile phone, vehicle dashboard, wallet, next to your landline telephone and many other useful places so it would be available if you needed to make an emergency call. How to use the Reference Points In an emergency you may not be able to work out your precise grid reference, but you may know where you are relative to one of your Reference Points. It is also useful to first give a general indication of where you are, then a more specific one relative to one of your Reference Points. Here is an example of how to use them in an emergency call: ‘The accident is on the main A826 road to the south-east of Aberfeldy. It is approx. 1km south of the mast at Grid NN877486’ Another example could be: ‘The emergency has taken place on the north side of the river to the west of Aberfeldy. It is approx. 500 metres south west of the river bridge at Grid NN851493.’ Your knowledge of the system may be confirmed by you finding where these two fictitious incidents are located on the map above. You are now ready to use the Reference Card, why not have a practice amongst your staff or family? There are a number of iPhone and iPad applications which can be used to get accurate grid references – Grid Point UK for example – but is best to cross-check any grid reference with a map.
You may also want to think about carrying some of these items to help the emergency services find you.
We hope you complete the Reference Card, but never need to use it!