Musées et société aujourd'hui

-:HSMDPF=[\UWVX:

20 euros ISBN : 978-2-35567-021-3

2962 2892

Musées et société aujourd’hui

Le musée doit changer. L’explosion des pratiques numériques, le règne de « la raison gestionnaire » ou la dégradation du lien social, pour n’évoquer que ces faits, l’y conduisent, inévitablement. Cependant, comment dispenser plaisir, désir et connaissance, dans un contexte social et économique de plus en plus difficile ? Et comment adapter et synchroniser l’action culturelle du musée à l’évolution de la société, face à la science dont la caution reste indispensable, au politique en recherche de cohésion sociale ou au territoire de la population à laquelle il s’adresse ? Tels sont les défis qui firent l’objet, les 24 et 25 mai 2007 à Grenoble, au Musée dauphinois, d’un colloque et de débats passionnés. Les actes en sont ici rassemblés au profit d’une réflexion dont l’actualité reste vive, tant pour les professionnels que pour les usagers du musée.

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i !

Vj_djgYÉ]j^ 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ iZcj aZh ') Zi '* bV^ '%%, | <gZcdWaZ Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Dg\Vc^h eVg aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h

Bjh Z 9Vje]^cd^h <gZcdWaZ CdkZbWgZ '%%-

HdbbV^gZ

8dcig^Wji^dch Zi gZbZgX^ZbZcih

DjkgV\Z XddgYdcc eVg ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh

AZh VXiZh Yj XdaadfjZ ® Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ ¯ dci i eg eVg h eVg ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh! XdchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h VkZX aV XdaaVWdgVi^dc YZ H^bdc AVbWZghZch igVchXg^ei^dch Zi YZ CdgV <gVbV hZXg iVg^Vi # AZjg Y^i^dc V W c ÄX^ YZ eajh YZh gZaZXijgZh Zi YZh XdggZXi^dch Y¼6\c h 8dgY^Zg wY^i^dch 8Zci EV\Zh # AZ k^hjZa YZ aV XdjkZgijgZ V i Xdc j eVg =Zgk ;gjbn#

Eg [VXZ 7dZh LWbb_d_

6kVci"egdedh @[Wd#9bWkZ[ :kYbei

BÊeh]Wd_iWj_ed Zk Yebbegk[ W X d ÓY_ Z[i fWhj_Y_fWj_edi Z[ 0 wY^i] DgaVcYd Zi Od]gV 6\gd ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i >hVWZaaZ GZcVj! B^X] aZ ;Zgg^Zg"7VgWji! @Vg^cZ 7Vaadc Zi 8]g^hiZaaZ GZnc^Zg DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh 6jYgZn Aji^c! 6\c h BVgi^c! CdgV <gVbV Zi 7g^\^iiZ <jZgdjVX]Z Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h BW fh fWhWj_ed Zk Yebbegk[ W j c_i[ Wk fe_dj fWh kd Yedi[_b iY_[dj_Ógk[ Yecfei Z[ 0 ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh! Y^gZXiZjg"XdchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h ?ZVc <j^WVa! Y^gZXiZjg Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zi YZ aV XjaijgZ Yj 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ! eg h^YZciZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i >hVWZaaZ AVo^Zg! XdchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[ Yj Bjh Z YZ a¼6cX^Zc k X] E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi! XdchZgkViZjg"Y^gZXiZjg YZh Bjh Zh YZh iZX]c^fjZh Zi XjaijgZh Xdbid^hZh ?ZVc"Da^k^Zg BV_VhigZ! bV igZ YZ Xdc[ gZcXZ Zc hdX^dad\^Z! jc^kZgh^i E^ZggZ BZcY h ;gVcXZ"<gZcdWaZ >> BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^! bV igZ YZ Xdc[ gZcXZ Zc hX^ZcXZh Yj aVc\V\Z! jc^kZgh^i E^ZggZ BZcY h ;gVcXZ"<gZcdWaZ >> GZc G^ooVgYd! VcX^Zc bV^gZ"VY_d^ci X]Vg\ YZ aV XjaijgZ YZ <gZcdWaZ! VcX^Zc Y^gZXiZjg YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh <jn HVZo! Y^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vj 8cgh"EVXiZ! >chi^iji Y¼ ijYZh eda^i^fjZh YZ <gZcdWaZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo! Y^gZXiZjg YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh

:c ^cigdYjXi^dc DjkZgijgZ @[Wd#9bWkZ[ :kYbei @[Wd#F_[hh[ IW[p @kb_[ =k_oej#9ehj[l_bb[

&& &( &+ '%

H VcXZ ^cigdYjXi^kZ · FjZaaZh ViiZciZh YVch aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 CeZ hWj[kh 0 @[Wd =k_XWb

'*

9ncVb^fjZ YZh ^YZci^i h! YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zi YZh XjaijgZh YVch aV hdX^ i YÉVj_djgYÉ]j^

',

wkdaji^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi \ c gVi^dch

(.

@[Wd L_WhZ

Eb_l_[h :eddWj

IVWaZ gdcYZ & AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ CeZ hWj[kh 0 @[Wd :WlWbbed

*& *(

AÉ kdaji^dc g XZciZ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hX^ZcXZ

*)

8dbbZci XdcX^a^Zg ^be gVi^[ hX^Zci^[^fjZ! Zm^\ZcXZ hX cd\gVe]^fjZ Zi eda^i^fjZ YZh ejWa^Xh 4

+)

AV eaVXZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ YVch aV Y bVgX]Z bjh VaZ / aÉZmZbeaZ Yj bjh Z YZ aÉ:jgdeZ

,%

AZ g aZ YZ aÉ^ciZgY^hX^ea^cVg^i YVch aZ egd_Zi hX^Zci^[^fjZ Zi XjaijgZa Yj bjh Z YZh 8dc[ajZcXZh

-%

xbk j ce_d 0 FWjh_Ya J^_b

--

@e bb[ B[ CWh[Y

9bW_h[ I_cWhZ

8[de j H[c_Y^[

C_Y^[b 9 j

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ &

.,

E]did\gVe]^Z YZ aV XdjkZgijgZ / ^chiVaaVi^dc YZh bdYjaZh Y¼Zmedh^i^dc Vj bjh Z YZ a¼6cX^Zc wk X] ! hZei# .- Y iV^a ! e]did B^X]Za 7gjc^Zg EVig^bd^cZ Zc >h gZ$Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 9 e i a \Va / Y XZbWgZ '%%G Va^hVi^dc / 8Zci eV\Zh >hWc / .,-"'"(**+,"%'&"(

)

HdbbV^gZ

IVWaZ gdcYZ ' AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj eda^i^fjZ CeZ hWj[kh 0 C_Y^[b 9ebWhZ[bb[

&&, &&.

AV [dcXi^dc eda^i^fjZ Yj bjh Z YVch aV X^i

&''

8dbbZci igV^iZg Vj bjh Z aZh [V^ih YZ hdX^ i fj^ [dci Y WVi / aÉZmZbeaZ YZ aÉ^bb^\gVi^dc

&'-

AZh dW_Zih Yj bjh Z / Veegdeg^Vi^dc Zi VeeVgiZcVcXZ

&)%

xbk j ce_d 0 ?lWd H[dWh

&)+

=ko IW[p

@WYgk[i JekXed

=WX_ :eb\\#8ed[a cf[h

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ '

&*)

IVWaZ gdcYZ ( AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ CeZ hWj[kh 0 F^_b_ff[ CW_hej

&,& &,(

IZgg^id^gZ Zi eZgXZei^dc hnbWda^fjZ / aÉZme g^ZcXZ YÉ6ndgdj C^\Zg

&,+

AZ g aZ YZh bjh Zh YVch aZ Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa

&-%

AZh Zc_Zjm YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ Vj bjh Z

&--

xbk j ce_d 0 FWjh_Y[ 8 ]^W_d

&.*

7_iiWjW >W_ZWhW

LWbj[h =_kb_Wde

CWh_[#9^h_ij_d[ 8ehZ[Wkn

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ (

'%'

:c XdcXajh^dc AZ bZhhV\Z Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ <hWdY_d[ CWh_Wd_#:kYhWo

'%. '&&

Hnci] hZ Zi XdcXajh^dc 9bWkZ[ 8[hjhWdZ @[Wd#F_[hh[ IW[p

'&. '&. ''(

A^hiZ YZh eVgi^X^eVcih

''.

)

Eg [VXZ

6cYg KVaa^c^ Eg h^YZci Yj 8dchZ^a \ c gVa 9 eji YZ a¼>h gZ

AZ XZciZcV^gZ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h V d[[Zgi a¼]ZjgZjhZ deedgij" c^i ! aZh ') Zi '* bV^ '%%,! Y¼^ck^iZg YZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ Zi YZ a¼ igVc\Zg! | g Å X]^g Vjm bdnZch Y¼VXijVa^hZg aZh gZaV" i^dch fj¼ZcigZi^ZccZci aZjgh iVWa^hhZbZcih VkZX aV hdX^ i # :cigZ jcZ ^chi^iji^dc! aZ bjh Z! V eg^dg^ eZj VeiZ Vjm X]Vc\ZbZcih! Zi jcZ hd" X^ i Ydci aZh WZhd^ch cZ XZhhZci Y¼ kdajZg! YZh VYVei^dch Zi YZh V_jhiZ" bZcih hdci Zc Z[[Zi idj_djgh c XZhhV^gZh# 6jhh^ a¼^ci g i YZ aV g ÅZm^dc egdedh Z c¼Zhi"^a eVh Y^hXjiVWaZ! Y¼VjiVci eajh fjZ aZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ! fj^ XdchVXgZ YZ ig h adjgYh bdnZch | aV XjaijgZ! eVgi^Xja^ " gZbZci YZej^h '%%'! VhhjbZ hZja aZ [dcXi^dccZbZci Y¼jcZ YdjoV^cZ YZ bjh Zh Y eVgiZbZciVjm# 6^ch^ fjZ _Z a¼V^ kdjaj! a¼VXX h YZ XZh bjh Zh Zhi eVgidji \gVij^i# 8ZgiV^ch! XdbbZ aZ Bjh Z VgX] dad\^fjZ YZ HV^ci"AVjgZci dj aZ bj" h Z YZ aV =dj^aaZ WaVcX]Z hdci Zc idiVaZ g cdkVi^dc# 8¼Zhi Y^gZ a¼^b" edgiVcXZ fjZ cdjh VXXdgYdch | a¼VXi^dc Yj bjh Z Zc >h gZ! iVci YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZ aV XdchZgkVi^dc fjZ YVch XZaj^ YZ a¼VXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ Zi YZ aV Xd] h^dc hdX^VaZ fj¼ZaaZ Yd^i [Vkdg^hZg# 6jhh^ aZh g ÅZm^dch fj^ dci cdjgg^ XZ XdaadfjZ! Zc XZ a^Zj Y¼Zme g^bZciVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ fj¼V idj_djgh i Zi fjZ Yd^i gZhiZg aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! cdjh ^ci gZhhZci" ZaaZh | eajh Y¼jc i^igZ# Ej^hhZci"ZaaZh XdcYj^gZ aZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZh bjh Zh | dei^b^hZg ZcXdgZ aZh eZg[dgbVcXZh YZh ^chi^iji^dch Ydci ^ah dci aV X]Vg\Z Vj egdÄi YZ aV hdX^ i fj¼^ah hZgkZci#

+

6kVci"egdedh

?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh 8dchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h

8Zci Vch° Zi Veg h 4 IVcY^h fjZ aV [ iZ h¼VX]ZkV^i! [VXZ Vj W^aVc Y¼jc XZciZcV^gZ W^Zc gZbea^! hZ edhV^i Zc Z[[Zi aV fjZhi^dc YZ hVkd^g XdbbZci ^bV\^cZg aZ [jijg Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 4 6jg^dch"cdjh aV X]VcXZ! hZadc jcZ g ejiVi^dc ÅViiZjhZ! YZ igVkV^aaZg YVch jc bjh Z fj^ hZ g ^ckZciZgV^i hVch XZhhZ hjg aj^"b bZ 4 Cdh Y bVgX]Zh gZh" iZgV^Zci"ZaaZh Zc VY fjVi^dc VkZX aZh cdjkZaaZh YdccZh YZ aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 :i h^cdc! XdbbZci aZh V_jhiZg dj aZh gZXdcXZkd^g 4 8ZgiZh! ^a c¼ iV^i eVh c XZhhV^gZ Y¼ViiZcYgZ Y¼Vkd^g XZci Vch edjg hZ edhZg XZh fjZhi^dch# CdbWgZ YZ cdh Xdaa \jZh! iVci | a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh fj¼Vj hZ^c YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! aZh eVgiV\ZV^Zci XdbbZ cdjh# 6jhh^ aZ kd^h^cV\Z Vb^XVa Yj egZb^Zg Zi aZh a^Zch Xdc[gViZgcZah fj^ cdjh jc^hhZci Vj hZXdcY YZej^h adc\iZbeh dci"^ah Zj k^iZ [V^i YZ cdjh VhhdX^Zg YVch aV eg eVgVi^dc YZ XZ XdaadfjZ# :c kd^X^ aZh VXiZh! Vj bdi eg h# 8Vg a¼^ci g i YZh Xdbbjc^XVi^dch Zi YZh Y WVih fj¼ZaaZh hjhX^i gZci cdjh ^cX^iV | aZh gZhi^ijZg YVch aZjg ^ci \gVa^i # ² a¼ZmXZei^dc Y¼jc eZi^i cdbWgZ Y¼Vb cV\ZbZcih hnc" iVm^fjZh Zi YZ gZXi^ÄXVi^dch kdjajZh eVg YZh ^ciZgkZcVcih eVgi^Xja^ " gZbZci Zm^\ZVcih! idji Zhi a|! Zmeg^b YVch jc aVc\V\Z eVga WZVjXdje eajh fj¼ Xg^i bV^h XdbW^Zc hedciVc ! a^WgZ Zi [^Y aZ | a¼^ciZch^i YZh Y WVih Zc Xdjgh# :i! X]VXjc edjggV Zc _j\Zg! aZh egdedh [jgZci hi^bjaVcih# 9djiVci fjZ aV XjaijgZ eVgk^ZccZ ZcXdgZ | ® YbW_h[h bÊWl[d_h Zk cedZ[ ¯! ?ZVc K^VgY ZcigV^i Vjhh^i i YVch aZ k^[ Yj hj_Zi Zc hZ YZbVc" YVci h^ XZ c¼ iV^i eVh edjg XZaV fjZ hV Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc iV^i h^ Y^[ÄX^aZ Vj_djgY¼]j^# 9¼VjiVci fj¼^a [VjYgV^i XdbbZcXZg eVg aV eVgiV\Zg! XZiiZ -

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

XjaijgZ! YVch jcZ hdX^ i Ydci aZh igd^h fjVgih YZh bZbWgZh c¼Zc [V^" hV^Zci eVh eVgi^Z! ^a n V bd^ch YZ igZciZ Vch# :i Y¼V_djiZg fjZ XZ fj¼^a [VjYgV^i! X¼Zhi a¼ gdi^hZg EZji igZ Vadgh edjgg^dch"cdjh XVeiZg jcZ eVgi eajh ^bedgiVciZ Yj iZbeh a^WgZ YZ cdh XdciZbedgV^ch° 8dchiV" iVci fjZ X¼Zhi X]Zo aZh _ZjcZh fjZ cV^hhZci aZh eg^cX^eVaZh bjiVi^dch XjaijgZaaZh! Da^k^Zg 9dccVi edjghj^kV^i Zc kdfjVci aV eaVXZ Xgd^h" hVciZ YZ aV ® Ykbjkh[ Z[ bÊ YhWd ¯ Zi YZ hZh Xdch fjZcXZh YVch aZ Y Xa^c YZ aV aZXijgZ g \ja^ gZ YZ fjdi^Y^Zch! eVg ZmZbeaZ! dj aV [g fjZciVi^dc YZ XZgiV^ch a^Zjm XjaijgZah# IZaaZh hdci fjZafjZh"jcZh YZh g ÅZm^dch eVg aZhfjZaaZh XZh hdX^dad\jZh W^Zc Xdccjh edjg aZjgh igVkVjm hjg aZh ad^" h^gh Zi aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh djkgV^Zci XZ XdaadfjZ# A¼jhV\Z fj^ Zhi [V^i YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Vj bjh Z XdbeiZ hVch YdjiZ edjg WZVjXdje YVch aV XdcÄVcXZ fj¼VXXdgYZci hZh k^h^iZjgh Vj hVkd^g fj¼^a egdYj^i# BV^h XZaV edjggV^i eZji" igZ X]Vc\Zg# 6^ch^ fjZ ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX a¼dWhZgkZ! aV Y ÄVcXZ fj^ h¼Zmeg^bZ Y _| | a¼ \VgY YZ aV hX^ZcXZ edjggV^i V[[ZXiZg W^Zci i a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh VaZ° Cdjh hdbbZh eVg V^aaZjgh Y¼VXXdgY VkZX 8aV^gZ H^bVgY edjg Xdch^Y gZg fj¼^a c¼n V eajh YZ ]^ gVgX]^Z YVch aZh bjh Zh ZcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi a¼VXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ# 9Z b bZ! cdjh Veegdjkdch 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z fjVcY ^a XdchiViZ fjZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV b bd^gZ! b bZ h¼^a [Vji hVkd^g Zc Y b aZg aZh Äah! c¼n hdci eVh h eVgVWaZh# 6^ch^ a¼jhV\Z Yj b Y^V"Zmedh^i^dc eZji"^a ® Zed# d[h Zk i[di Wk cedZ[ gk_ deki [djekh[ ¯ dj! XdbbZ aZ [dgbjaZ B^X]Za 8 i ! ® Zedd[h Z[i Yb i fekh Yecfh[dZh[ b[i [d`[kn Yedj[cfehW_di ¯# 8Vg V^ch^ fj¼jc YZh ajh i bd^ch fjZ cdjh Vk^dch ^ck^i h! EVig^X` I]^a! aZ gZbVgfjZ! aZ bjh Z Zhi W^Zc Vj_djgY¼]j^ aZ a^Zj Y¼ZmegZhh^dc YZ aV XdciZbedgVc ^i # :i 7ZgcVgY <^abVc! fj^ [ji VY_d^ci | aV XjaijgZ | <gZcdWaZ YZ &.+* | &.,,! Y¼ZcXdjgV\Zg aZh XdchZgkViZjgh | egZhhZg aZh ajh YZ eg X^hZg aZjg egd_Zi XjaijgZa# 8Vg XZiiZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aZ g aZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Vj bjh Z cdjh VbZcV k^iZ Zc Z[[Zi hjg aZ iZggV^c eda^i^fjZ# 8¼Zhi idj_djgh Y¼jcZ eZch Z Zi Y¼jcZ Y X^h^dc eda^i^fjZh fjZ cV i aZ bjh Z! gVeeZaaZ B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ! Zi idj_djgh YVch jcZ iZch^dc ZcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi aZ eda^i^fjZ fjZ hZ h^ijZ hdc VXi^dc aV h^ijVi^dc YZ aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ Y¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc bdcigZ W^Zc Y¼V^aaZjgh Xdb" bZci XZiiZ iZch^dc eZji h¼VeegdX]Zg Yj ed^ci YZ gjeijgZ # AZ bjh Z! XdcÄgbZ <jn HVZo! Zhi jcZ ® _dij_jkj_ed Y[djhWb[ Zk feb_j_gk[ ¯# A¼^YZc" i^i ! aV XdcÅ^XijVa^i eda^i^fjZ! aZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh! aV Y bdXgV" i^hVi^dc° idji XZaV h¼Zmeg^bZ YVch aZh aZXijgZh fj¼^a egdedhZ edjg ® Zedd[h Zk i[di Wkn h Wb_j i YbWj [i Zk cedZ[ [dl_heddWdj ¯ 0 | fjd^ a¼^ciZgkZci^dc YZ ?VXfjZh IdjWdc! hjg aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! d[[gZ jcZ ^aajhigVi^dc ig h XdckV^cXVciZ! \ c gVig^XZ YZ fjZhi^dch ZhhZci^ZaaZh hjg aZ gVeedgi Yj bjh Z Vj edjkd^g# G XjggZciZ -

7lWdj#fhefei

Zhi Vjhh^ aV g ÅZm^dc hjg aV XVeVX^i Yj bjh Z | i^hhZg YZh a^Zch ZcigZ aZ adXVa Zi aZ \adWVa! aV eVgi^Z Zi a¼jc^kZghZa# 6eea^fj Z | aV fjZhi^dc YZh XdaaZXi^dch! <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg djkgZ Y¼^ci gZhhVciZh eZgheZXi^" kZh hjg aZjg h^\c^ÄXVi^dc hdX^VaZ! ^ch^hiVci! adghfj¼^a h¼V\^i YZ eVig^bd^" cZh igVchcVi^dcVjm! hjg aV c XZhh^i Y¼jcZ igd^iZ c \dX^Vi^dc ZcigZ aZh VXiZjgh Zc eg hZcXZ# EVh YZ \gVcYZ eda^i^fjZ adXVaZ! cVi^dcVaZ dj Zjgde ZccZ! dWhZgkZ aZ h cViZjg >kVc GZcVg! fj^ cZ eVhhZ eVg jcZ \gVcYZ eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ! gZheZXijZjhZ YZ a¼Vjidcdb^Z YZh egd_Zih XjaijgZah Zi YZ aV a^WZgi YZ Xg Vi^dc! Zi fj^ g h^hiZ | ® bÊe\\[di_l[ Z[ bÊWh][dj WXiebk ¯# 8Vg aZ AdjkgZ | 6Wdj 9]VW^ iV^i a| YVch idjh aZh Zheg^ih# FjZ [V^gZ! h¼^ciZggd\Z <jn HVZo 4 ® I[ jW_h[ \WY[ } bÊ[cf_h[ Z[ bW hW_ied ][ij_eddW_h[ 4 ¯ A¼ZmVbZc YZ aV gZaVi^dc Vj iZgg^id^gZ Zcg^X]^i ZcXdgZ aZ Y WVi Zc bdcigVci! Vj igVkZgh YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Y¼6^hhViV =V^YVgV! Xdb" bZci aZh gZX]ZgX]Zh Z[[ZXij Zh eZjkZci [Vkdg^hZg! Vjidjg YZ a¼^Y Z YZ bjh Z! aZ gZhhV^h^hhZbZci Y¼jcZ edejaVi^dc# :c Zmea^fjVci a¼jhV\Z fj^ [ji [V^i Zc E^ bdci Yj XdcXZei Y¼ Xdbjh Z! KVaiZg <^ja^Vcd cZ Y^i eVh VjigZ X]dhZ# 9j iZgg^id^gZ YZ k^Z Y¼jcZ edejaVi^dc Vj bjh Z! aV gZaV" i^dc YZkZcV^i k^YZciZ# 8Z fj^ VbZcV^i hVch YdjiZ BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm | g^\Zg aZ bjh Z Zc iVci fjZ ® j[hh_je_h[ iocXeb_gk[ ikh b[gk[b Wbb[h } bW h[dYedjh[ Z[ ie_#c c[ [j Z[ bÊWkjh[" kd b_[k ZÊ Y^Wd][i Ykbjkh[bi ZWdi Z[i i_jkWj_edi Z[ h[dYedjh[i ¯# 8Z fjZ EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c XdcÄgbV^i Zc hdja^\cVci XdbW^Zc XZ edh^i^dccZbZci Yj bjh Z | a¼ \VgY Yj iZg" g^id^gZ h¼ iV^i Y hdgbV^h V[Ägb # 8ZgiZh! g edcYV^i 7ZgcVgY <^abVc! h¼^a hV^i h¼djkg^g | Y¼VjigZh iZgg^id^gZh° 6j"YZa| YZh XdcXajh^dch fj^ hj^kZci Ydci X]VXjc egZcYgV ^X^ XdccV^hhVcXZ · XZaaZh YZ ;gVcX^cZ BVg^Vc^"9jXgVn! edjg aV 9^gZX" i^dc YZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ! YZ 8aVjYZ 7ZgigVcY! edjg cdigZ ijiZaaZ! aZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ! Zi YZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo! edjg aZh dg\Vc^" hViZjgh Yj XdaadfjZ · iZah hdci Zc hjWhiVcXZ aZh XdbbZciV^gZh fj¼jc egVi^X^Zc eVgb^ Y¼VjigZh [V^i YZ XZ XdaadfjZ iVcY^h fj¼^a VX] kZ Y¼Zc eg eVgZg aZh VXiZh# Cdjh Vkdch i cdbWgZjm! aZ '* bV^ Vj hd^g! | cdjh hZci^g gZc[dgX h YVch a¼^Y Z YZ bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ! bVa\g aZh Y^[ÄXjai h!

YZh X]Vc\ZbZcih ^bedgiVcih# AZ bd^ch fjZ a¼dc ej^hhZ Y^gZ! YZej^h!

Zhi fjZ aV h^ijVi^dc c¼V eVh kdaj eajh [VkdgVWaZbZci# AV XVeVX^i Yj bjh Z! eaZ^cZbZci XdcÄgb Z idji Vj adc\ Yj XdaadfjZ! | VXXdb" eV\cZg aZh igVch[dgbVi^dch YZ aV hdX^ i VjiVci fjZ aV _ZjcZhhZ Y¼jc \gVcY cdbWgZ YZ hZh eVgi^X^eVcih gZhiZci edjgiVci YZ WdccZh gV^hdch Y¼Zhe gZg#

/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

&%

:c ^cigdYjXi^dc

DjkZgijgZ

?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh 8dchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[! Y^gZXiZjg Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! hj^k^ YZ /

?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo 9^gZXiZjg YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! hj^k^ YZ /

?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ Eg h^YZciZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! XdchZgkVig^XZ Zc X]Z[!

Y^gZXig^XZ Yj bjh Z YZ aV K^aaZ | HV^ci"FjZci^c"Zc"NkZa^cZh

?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh 8¼Zhi jc ig h \gVcY eaV^h^g YZ kdjh hdj]V^iZg aV W^ZckZcjZ! Zc Xdb" eV\c^Z YZ ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ! eg h^YZciZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i fj^ i^Zci h^bjaiVc bZci | <gZ" cdWaZ hdc VhhZbWa Z \ c gVaZ Zi hZh _djgc Zh egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh! Zi YZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo Zi YZ hdc fj^eZ YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh VkZX aZhfjZah cdjh Vkdch Zj aZ \gVcY eaV^h^g YZ eg eVgZg Zi Y¼dg\Vc^hZg XZ XdaadfjZ# ?Z kdjYgV^h Y¼ZbWa Z gZbZgX^Zg wY^i] DgaVcYd Zi Od]gV 6\gd edjg aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! >hVWZaaZ GZcVj! B^X] aZ ;Zgg^Zg"7VgWji! @Vg^cZ 7Vaadc! 8]g^hiZaaZ GZnc^Zg | a¼DWhZg" kVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh 0 Zi Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 6jYgZn Aji^c! 6\c h BVgi^c! CdgV <gVbV Zi 7g^\^iiZ <jZgdjVX]Z fj^! idjiZh! c¼Vjgdci b cV\ VjXjc Z[[dgi edjg fjZ XZ XdaadfjZ hd^i g jhh^# Cdjh hZgdch ig h ]ZjgZjm XZ hd^g Zc XdbeV\c^Z YZh bZh Xdaa \jZh! 8]VciVa He^aaZbVZX`Zg Zi ?ZVc"EVhXVa ?dhe^c! cdiVbbZci! YZ kdjh VXXdbeV\cZg YVch cdh Zmedh^i^dch Zi hjgidji YVch XZaaZh fj^ dci i eg eVg Zh YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj XZciZcV^gZ / ® aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h V XZci Vch ¯! g eVgi^Zh YVch eajh^Zjgh ZheVXZh Yj bjh Z! ® ÌigZh [VciVhi^fjZh ¯ Zi ® GZhiZg a^WgZh ¯# Cdjh iZc^dch | eVgiV\Zg XZi Vcc^kZghV^gZ VkZX kdjh! cdh Xdaa \jZh Zi eajh aVg\ZbZci idjh XZjm fj^ eVgiV\Zci cdh g ÅZm^dch YVch aZ bdcYZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ a¼jc^kZgh^i # ?Z gZ\gZiiZ fjZ cdjh c¼Vndch ej! YVch a¼ZheVXZ a^b^i Ydci cdjh Y^hedhdch! VXXjZ^aa^g idjh XZjm fj^ kdjaV^Zci hZ _d^cYgZ | cdjh · XVg cdjh Vkdch Y bVa]ZjgZjhZ" bZci gZ[jhZg YZh ^chXg^ei^dch · bV^h _Z kdjYgV^h Vjhh^ hVajZg Vb^XVaZ" bZci cdh Vb^h fj^! igd^h iV\Zh Vj"YZhhjh! hj^kZci cdh ^ciZgkZci^dch Zi ')

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

cdh Y WVih eVg aV k^Y d! Zi aZjg Y^gZ fjZ cdjh cZ aZh djWa^Zgdch eVh ej^h" fjZ cdjh Vkdch eg kj! | aV Äc YZ X]VfjZ h g^Z Y¼^ciZgkZci^dch! YZ egZc" YgZ aZjgh fjZhi^dch Xg^iZh Zi YZ aZh igV^iZg ^X^ b bZ# 6^ch^! aZh XdcigV^c" iZh YZ XZ a^Zj cZ hZgdci eVh! _Z a¼Zhe gZ! igde \ cVciZh# IdjiZ[d^h! cdjh cZ edjk^dch eVh ^bV\^cZg iZc^g XZ XdaadfjZ V^aaZjgh fj¼Vj Bjh Z YVje]^" cd^h! iVci edjg XZ fjZ XZ bjh Z gZeg hZciZ · YZej^h XZci Vch · fjZ edjg aZh fjZhi^dch fj^ h¼n edhZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi fj^ cdjh hdci XdbbjcZh# >a n V XZci Vch! =^eedaniZ B aaZg [dcYV^i XZ bjh Z! ® kd cki [ fefkbW_h[ ¯ · Y^hV^i"^a · ® h[\b jWdj b[i Yekjkc[i" b[i cÄkhi" b[i kiW][i ZÊkd[ fefkbWj_ed fWhj_Ykb_ h[" bW iecc[ Z[ bÊ^_ije_h[ ZÊkd[ h ]_ed fWh bÊeX# `[j ¯! bV^h aZ a^Zj fjZ aj^ YdccV^i edjg XZaV aV k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ iV^i Zm^\j# 8Z c¼Zhi fj¼Vj bdbZci YZh Y^m^ bZh _Zjm Danbe^fjZh Y¼]^kZg fjZ aV bjc^X^eVa^i Y X^YZ YZ a¼ iVWa^g ^X^ YVch a¼VcX^Zc XdjkZci YZ HV^ciZ"BVg^Z"Y¼Zc"=Vji# :i a| _Z X^iZ aZ egdedh Yj bV^gZ"VY_d^ci | aV XjaijgZ! 7ZgcVgY <^abVc! fj^ Zhi ^X^ eg hZci Zi fjZ _Z hVajZ VkZX VjiVci YZ gZheZXi Zi YZ gZXdccV^hhVcXZ fjZ Y¼Vb^i^ # >a Y^i / ® Deki Wledi h[i# jWkh Z[hd_ h[c[dj kd Yekl[dj fekh o _dijWbb[h b[ Cki [ ZWkf^_de_i$ ?b d[ iÊW]_j fWi gk[ ZÊkd cki [ ZÊWhj ek Z[ jhWZ_j_ed fefkbW_h[ cW_i ZÊkd b_[k e deki [iiW_[hedi Z[ i_jk[h ZWdi b[kh Yedj[nj[ ^_ijeh_gk[ b[i fheXb c[i WYjk[bi Z[ bW h ]_ed$ ¯ >a Y^i XZaV Zc &.,%! XZ fj^ _Z eZchZ Zhi ZcXdgZ ig h cZj[ eVgb^ aZh egdedh Ydci dc eZji hZ hdjkZc^g YZ XZiiZ edfjZ | egdedh Yj bjh Z# :i X¼Zhi idji YZ hj^iZ Veg h! Zc &.,&! fjZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVj" gZci! fjZ _Z hVajZ Vjhh^ VkZX cdc hZjaZbZci gZXdccV^hhVcXZ bV^h Vjhh^ V[[ZXi^dc! fjZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci! gZcdc Vci | idjiZ ^chiVaaVi^dc eZg" bVcZciZ! kV ^chiVjgZg ZcigZ XZ bjh Z Zi hdc ejWa^X jcZ gZaVi^dc cdj" kZaaZ! jc Y^Vad\jZ g \ja^ gZbZci gZaVcX Y¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc | a¼VjigZ# :i X¼Zhi Vjhh^ Zc &.,& · WZVjXdje Y¼ZcigZ kdjh aZ hVkZci · fj¼Zhi ^ckZci aZ bdi Xdbjh Z Zi ej^h! Veg h XZ bdi! jc XdcXZei fjZ cdjh Vkdch VgYZbbZci Y [ZcYj Vjm X i h YZ <Zdg\Zh"=Zcg^ G^k^ gZ! Y¼=j\jZh YZ KVg^cZ Zi YZ W^Zc Y¼VjigZh! Zi XZ! hVch _VbV^h igZ ig h W^Zc ZciZcYj YZ cdh ijiZaaZh# À @kb_[ =k_oej#9ehj[l_bb[ ?Z hV^h! X] gZ ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ! fjZah egd\g h kdjh VkZo [V^ih YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xd" bjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i bV^h idji c¼Zhi eVh XZeZcYVci \V\c # 8¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh [VXZ Vj gZ[jh YZ cdh ijiZaaZh! fjVcY ZaaZh cZ kdjaV^Zci eVh gZXdccV igZ d[ÄX^ZaaZbZci aV he X^ÄX^i Xdbjh VaZ! fjZ cdjh Vkdch gZkZcY^fj a¼Zm^hiZcXZ Y¼jcZ ® cdjkZaaZ bjh dad\^Z ¯! Zi eVh hZjaZ" bZci Zc ;gVcXZ! bV^h Vj Fj WZX! Vj Edgij\Va! Zc 8ViVad\cZ! Vj 7g " h^a° :i X¼Zhi Zc &.-+! a¼Vcc Z b bZ YZ aV Xg Vi^dc Yj B^cdb BdjkZ" bZci ^ciZgcVi^dcVa edjg jcZ cdjkZaaZ bjh dad\^Z ! | A^hWdccZ eVgXZ fj¼=j\jZh YZ KVg^cZ n Y^g^\ZV^i Vadgh a¼>chi^iji XjaijgZa [gVc V^h bV^h &)

Ekl[hjkh[

Vjhh^ eVgXZ fjZ cdjh Vk^dch eVgb^ cdh Vb^h edgij\V^h YZ [ZgkZcih Y [ZchZjgh YZ XZ fjZ cdjh VeeZa^dch Vadgh aV ® cdjkZaaZ bjh dad\^Z ¯ ! fjZ cdjh Vkdch Xg XZ bdjkZbZci Ydci ^a c¼n V! _Z Xgd^h! fjZ eZj YZ gZeg hZciVcih Zc ;gVcXZ! Vj_djgY¼]j^# :i ej^h X¼Zhi aV b bZ Vcc Z! Zc &.-+! fjZ cdjh dg\Vc^h^dch | a¼>haZ" Y¼6WZVj! VkZX E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi! ?ZVc <j^WVa Zi >hVWZaaZ AVo^Zg! aZh egZb^ gZh gZcXdcigZh YZh Xdbjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ Zi X¼Zhi a| fj¼dci i _Zi Zh aZh WVhZh Y¼jc dg\Vc^hbZ fj^ h¼Zhi VeeZa Y¼VWdgY ® wXdbjh Z Zc ;gVcXZ ¯ Zi fj^ Zhi YZkZcj! Zc &..&! aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # AV b bZ Vcc Z! cdjh n i^dch Vjhh^! wb^a^V KV^aaVci ® ^bedhZ ¯ | Bja]djhZ a¼VeeZaaVi^dc YZ ® bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ¯# 9Vch XZiiZ bV^hdc! a¼Vcc Z hj^kVciZ [ji Y X^h^kZ ej^hfjZ XZ [ji XZaaZ YZ aV Y eVg" iZbZciVa^hVi^dc Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Zi a¼deedgijc^i fjZ ?ZVc <j^" WVa hji hV^h^g VkZX WZVjXdje Y¼^ciZaa^\ZcXZ! XZaaZ Y¼ iZcYgZ aV egVi^fjZ YZ a¼ Xdbjh dad\^Z | a¼ZchZbWaZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ YZ a¼>h gZ# 9Vch aZ b bZ iZbeh Zi iVcY^h fjZ a¼^ci g i edjg aZ eVig^bd^cZ cZ XZhhV^i YZ Xgd igZ! cdjh Vkdch iZci ! Vj \g Y¼Zmedh^i^dch Ydci _Z c¼ kd" fjZgV^ fjZ fjZafjZh i] bZh / aV Y^[[ gZcXZ! a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! aV gZa^" \^dc°! YZ Y kZadeeZg aV [dcXi^dc hdX^VaZ Yj bjh Z iVcY^h fjZ cdjh Vhh^hi^dch egd\gZhh^kZbZci | aV Ydb^cVi^dc YZ a¼VXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ hjg aV gZX]ZgX]Z# 9 h adgh! X¼Zhi YVkVciV\Z aZh Xdbe iZcXZh gVhhZbWa Zh Vj hZ^c Yj bjh Z fj^ _jhi^ÄZci hdc Zm^hiZcXZ Zc iVci fjZ bjh Z eaji i fjZ aZh XdaaZXi^dch fj¼^a XdchZgkZ# ?Z eVhhZ hjg aV Y^[ÄXjai fj^ cdjh dXXjeZ idjh YZ \ gZg aV bjai^ea^XVi^dc Zi a¼^ciZgXdccZm^dc YZh Ydc" c Zh XdaaZXi Zh! bVi g^ZaaZh Zi ^bbVi g^ZaaZh# ?Z eVhhZ Vjhh^ hjg XZ _jhiZ fj^a^WgZ | gZX]ZgX]Zg hVch XZhhZ ZcigZ aV c XZhh^i YZ g edcYgZ | aV YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ hVch c \a^\Zg edjg VjiVci aZh i}X]Zh YZ XdchZgkVi^dc!

YZ \Zhi^dc Zi Y¼Zcg^X]^hhZbZci YZh XdaaZXi^dch# ?Z eVhhZ ZcXdgZ edjg XdchiViZg fjZ X¼Zhi W^Zc eVg hV XVeVX^i | g edcYgZ Zi | h¼VYVeiZg Zc eZgbVcZcXZ Vjm WZhd^ch YZ aV hdX^ i fjZ aZ bjh Z _jhi^ÄZ aZh bdnZch fj¼^a gZ d^i YZ aV XdaaZXi^k^i Zi eZgYjgZ# Dg! [dgXZ Zhi YZ XdchiViZg fjZ idjh aZh bjh Zh! fjZaaZ fjZ hd^i aZjg [Vb^aaZ! hdci Xdc[gdci h | aV gZX]ZgX]Z YZ XZiiZ b bZ VY fjVi^dc ZcigZ XZ fj¼^ah egdedhZci Zi aZh Vhe^gVi^dch YZ aV hdX^ i Y¼d egdk^Zci aZjg ejWa^X# 8¼Zhi aV gV^hdc edjg aVfjZaaZ cdjh Vkdch hdj]V^i fjZ aV g ÅZm^dc edgiZ ^X^ hjg aZ bjh Z Zc \ c gVa Zi fjZ YZh gZeg hZciVcih ajh YZ XZiiZ hdX^ i ! XZjm fj^ [dci aZh eda^i^fjZh VjmfjZaaZh cdh iVWa^hhZbZcih hdci c XZhhV^gZbZci Vhhj_Zii^h! Zmeg^bZci aZjg ed^ci YZ kjZ# Cdjh gZbZg" X^dch ig h k^kZbZci EVig^X` I]^a! VY_d^ci X]Vg\ YZh V[[V^gZh Xjaij" gZaaZh | aV k^aaZ YZ BZio! >kVc GZcVg! h cViZjg Yj CdgY Zi k^XZ"eg h^" YZci YZh V[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh Yj H cVi! EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c! bV^gZ"VY_d^ci '+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YZ aV k^aaZ YZ Andc X]Vg\ YZh V[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh Y¼Vkd^g VXXZei YZ _djZg XZ g aZ# 6jiVci Y¼V^aaZjgh fjZ cdjh hdbbZh gZXdccV^hhVcih | cdigZ ijiZaaZ! aZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ! YZ a¼ViiZci^dc fj¼^a edgiZ | XZh igVkVjm! Zi cdjh gZbZgX^dch Y _| hdc k^XZ"eg h^YZci X]Vg\ YZh V[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh! 8aVjYZ 7ZgigVcY! fj^! YZbV^c Veg h"b^Y^! k^Zc" YgV XdcXajgZ XZ XdaadfjZ# :cÄc! _Z kdjYgV^h hdj]V^iZg fjZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh YZ g ÅZm^dch Zi YZ Y WVih egdÄiZci | cdh igVkVjm gZheZXi^[h Zi YdcX | cdh ejWa^Xh! | XZjm edjg fj^ cdjh igVkV^aadch! bV^h fj¼ZaaZh hd^Zci Vjhh^ jc bdbZci eg^k^a \^ YZ gZigdjkV^aaZh dj YZ gZcXdcigZh Zi Vjhh^ W^Zc h g YZ eaV^h^g Zi Y¼Vb^i^ # ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z# ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo :c eg VbWjaZ! eZgbZiiZo"bd^ YZ Y^gZ bdc eaV^h^g YZ eVgi^X^eZg | a¼djkZgijgZ YZ XZ XdaadfjZ! | a¼dXXVh^dc Yj XZci^ bZ Vcc^kZghV^gZ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Vj i^igZ YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# 8¼Zhi a¼dXXVh^dc YZ i bd^\cZg jcZ cdjkZaaZ [d^h Y¼jc XdbeV\cdccV\Z VcX^Zc · ^a c¼V eVh XZci Vch W^Zc h g · ZcigZ aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# Jc XdbeV\cdccV\Z fj^ YjgZ YZej^h aV Äc YZh Vcc Zh -%# 6^ch^! ^a n V jcZ fj^coV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh! cdjh i^dch eg hZcih ^X^ b bZ | a¼dXXVh^dc Y¼jc YZh idji egZb^Zgh XdaadfjZh hjg aZ eVig^bd^cZ fjZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ VkV^i Xdcig^Wj | bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ# 6j"YZa| YZ XZh XdaaVWdgVi^dch g \j" a^ gZh! ^a bZ eVgV i VkVci idji ^bedgiVci YZ hdja^\cZg fjZ XZ bjh Z! idji eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci · cdc eVh eVgXZ fj¼^a Zhi Zc 9Vje]^c Zi cdc eVh eVgXZ fjZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ Zhi | <gZcdWaZ bV^h Y¼VWdgY eVg aZ igVkV^a fj¼^a V VXXdbea^! YVch jcZ WZaaZ Xdci^cj^i ! YZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci | ?ZVc <j^WVa Zi ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh · Zhi! edjg cdjh! jcZ g [ gZcXZ idji | [V^i ZhhZci^ZaaZ edjg XdbegZcYgZ aV hdX^ i VXijZaaZ YVch hV Y^kZgh^i ! YVch hdc gVeedgi Vj iZgg^id^gZ! YVch hdc gVeedgi | hZh bjai^" eaZh ^YZci^i h# ?¼V^ hdjkZci a¼dXXVh^dc YZ i bd^\cZg YVch YZh ZcXZ^ciZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi VjigZh! Vj c^kZVj cVi^dcVa Zi ^ciZgcVi^dcVa! YZ aV i}X]Z VXXdbea^Z eVg aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! fj^! VkZX Y¼VjigZh ^chi^iji^dch bjh VaZh dj gZeg hZciVi^kZh Y¼VjigZh X]Vbeh XjaijgZah! dXXjeZ jcZ eaVXZ ZhhZci^ZaaZ YVch aV k^Z ejWa^fjZ! Va^bZciZ Zc egd[dcYZjg fjZa" fjZh"jch YZh Y WVih bV_Zjgh fj^ igVkZghZci aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ / XdbbZci aZh ZheVXZh YZ k^Z hdX^VaZ [dci"^ah iZgg^id^gZ 4 8dbbZci aZ bdcYZ XdciZbedgV^c gZXdbedhZ"i"^a aZh iZgg^id^gZh Zi fjZa Zhi aZ hZch YZ XZ bdjkZbZci d aZ adXVa Zi aZ bdcY^Va hZ Xdc[gdciZci Zi h¼ZcX]Z" k igZci Zc eZgbVcZcXZ 4 8dbbZci Veeg ]ZcYZg YZ bVc^ gZ YncV" b^fjZ aV fjZhi^dc YZh ^YZci^i h XdggZhedcYVciZh 4 8dbbZci gZcYgZ aV edejaVi^dc eg hZciZ YVch aV g ÅZm^dc YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh 4 &+

Ekl[hjkh[

8dbbZci Vgi^XjaZg Zm^\ZcXZ Vgi^hi^fjZ Zi XjaijgZaaZ Zi djkZgijgZ Vj eajh \gVcY cdbWgZ 4 Fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ k^kgZ ZchZbWaZ 4 7ZVjXdje YZ fjZhi^dch hZ edhZci fjVci | aV gZaVi^dc ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! fjVci | aV bVc^ gZ Ydci hZ Xdc_j\jZci XZh YZjm ^chiVcXZh# A¼VeegdX]Z fj¼Zc egdedhZ XZ XdaadfjZ bVgfjZ jcZ XZgiV^cZ ^ch^hiVcXZ hjg bÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ Yj gVeedgi ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i # 8¼Zhi Y^gZ fj¼^a h¼V\^i idji eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YZ bZiigZ a¼VXXZci hjg aZ eg hZci! edjg b^Zjm ZmeadgZg aZh edhh^WaZh VkZc^gh YZ XZiiZ gZaVi^dc# 8Z c¼Zhi YdcX eVh jc XdaadfjZ hjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh! bV^h! Zc b bZ iZbeh! h^ hV egd" Wa bVi^fjZ cdjh XdcYj^i | cdjh YZbVcYZg fjZa Zhi aZ hZch XdciZbed" gV^c YZ a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh VaZ! ^a [Vji W^Zc Zck^hV\Zg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ Xdch^Y gVi^dch ]^hidg^fjZh eZgbZiiVci YZ h^ijZg XZi dW_Zi# AZ [V^i bjh Va Zhi! ]^hidg^fjZbZci! jc h^\cZ YZ XZ fjZ a¼dc VeeZaaZ aV bdYZg" c^i # >a VYk^Zci Y¼VWdgY Zi k g^iVWaZbZci YVch a¼:jgdeZ Yj MK>>>Z h^ XaZ# Kd^X^ jcZ egVi^fjZ fjZ aV ;gVcXZ V ® Xg^hiVaa^h Z ¯ Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc! | hV bVc^ gZ# :aaZ a¼V ^ciZaaZXijVa^h Z! eda^i^h Z! | eVgi^g YZ aV G kdaj" i^dc&# 8ZeZcYVci! h^ idji gZ XdbbZcXZ Zc ;gVcXZ VkZX aV G kdaji^dc! ^a cZ [Vji eVh djWa^Zg fjZ a¼^Y Z YZ bjh Z! n Xdbeg^h YZ bjh Z cVi^d" cVa! V Vjhh^ b g^ YVch Zi | eVgi^g YZh XdaaZXi^dch e]^aVci]gde^fjZh YZ egdk^cXZ! | eVgi^g YZ bjh Zh iZgg^idg^Vjm edjg V^ch^ Y^gZ >ciZggd\Zg aZ Y^Vad\jZ ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hdX^ i ! X¼Zhi fjZhi^dc" cZg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ YZjm gZeg hZciVi^dch / XZaaZ Yj bjh Z XdbbZ hnh" i bZ | aV [d^h Ä\jg Zi Xdchigj^i! hnbWda^fjZ Zi e]nh^fjZ · ^a n V eVg V^aaZjgh YZ X a WgZh bjh Zh ^bV\^cV^gZh° · YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ! YZ a¼^YZci^i Zi YZ aV hZch^W^a^i ]jbV^cZ! XdbbZ _dij_jkj_ed Z[ bÊ_cW]_# dW_h[ Z[ bÊ^ecc[# :i ej^h XZaaZ YZ aV hdX^ i Xdbeg^hZ! edjg gZegZcYgZ aV X a WgZ i] hZ YZ 8dgc a^jh 8Vhidg^VY^h! XdbbZ _dij_jkj_ed _cW]_dW_h[# JcZ hdX^ i c¼Zhi eVh g YjXi^WaZ | jcZ edejaVi^dc# 8¼Zhi jcZ edej" aVi^dc Zc\V\ Z YVch jc YZhi^c Xdbbjc# 8ZeZcYVci! hV Y a^b^iVi^dc c¼Zhi eajh Vjhh^ k^YZciZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ fj¼ZaaZ edjkV^i a¼ igZ YVch aZ eVhh # >a cZ hj[Äi hVch YdjiZ eajh YZ hdja^\cZg fj¼jcZ hdX^ i Zhi a^ Z eVg YZh a bZcih hnbWda^fjZh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YZh igV^ih Y¼jc^dc ^bbVi " g^Zah! eVg YZh [VXiZjgh YZ k^Z hdX^VaZ fj^ eZgbZiiZci | hZh bZbWgZh YZ hZ gZXdccV igZ! Zi! \ c gVaZbZci! eVg jc eVgiV\Z Yj Zi YZh iZgg^id^gZh# 8Vg aV hdX^ i XdciZbedgV^cZ XdccV i YZ egd[dcYZh igVch[dgbVi^dch Yj [V^i YZ bjai^eaZh gV^hdch / jc Zhhdj[ÅZbZci XZgiZh ^c \Va Zi cdc Y cj YZ eVgVYdmZh YZ a¼wiVi"cVi^dc YVch XZgiV^cZh Xdcig Zh! iVcY^h fjZ Y¼VjigZh! | egdm^b^i ! g VXi^kZci VkZX jcZ [ZgkZjg eVg[d^h V\gZh" h^kZ jc g kZ YZ cVi^dc 0 aZh edhh^W^a^i h YZ bdW^a^i g ZaaZ Zi k^gijZaaZ! a¼VWV^hhZbZci Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ [gdci^ gZh! Zc :jgdeZ cdiVb" bZci fjVcY eVg V^aaZjgh! dc iZciZ Y¼Zc g^\Zg YZ cdjkZaaZh eVg YZh '-

&# Hjg XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ! dc hZ gZedgiZgV | fjZafjZh g [ gZcXZh [dcYVbZciVaZh eVgb^ aZhfjZaaZh / 9db^c^fjZ Edjadi!

Kd[ ^_ije_h[ Z[i cki [i Z[ <hWdY[ NL??? [#NN [ i_ Yb[! EVg^h!

AV 9 XdjkZgiZ! '%%* 0 9db^c^fjZ Edjadi!

FWjh_ce_d[i [j cki [i$ BÊ_dij_jkj_ed Z[ bW Ykbjkh[!

EVg^h! =VX]ZiiZ! '%%& 0 E]^a^eeZ Ed^gg^Zg Zi Ad X KVYZadg\Z! Fekh kd[ ^_ije_h[ Z[i feb_j_gk[i Zk fWjh_ce_d[! EVg^h! 8db^i Y¼]^hid^gZ Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ";dcYVi^dc BV^hdc YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ a¼]dbbZ! '%%( 0 Zi edjg Xdch^Y gZg XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ YVch jcZ eZgheZXi^kZ XdbeVgVi^kZ / BVhh^bd BVciZaaV! Cki[_ [ X[d_ YkbjkhWb_$ L[hie kd ceZ[bbe Z_ ]el[hdWdY[" B^aVcd! BdcYVYdg^":aZXiV! '%%(#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

'# 6aV^c IdjgV^cZ! Kd dekl[Wk fWhWZ_]c[$ Fekh Yecfh[dZh[ b[ cedZ[ ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_" EVg^h! ;VnVgY! '%%*#

hnhi bZh YZ XdcigV^ciZ ^c Y^ih 0 aV bdcY^Va^hVi^dc YZ [V dc \ c gVaZ! fjd^fjZ hZh Z[[Zih h^bjaiVc h Y¼djkZgijgZ Zi YZ Xa ijgZ gZXdbedhZci YZh jc^i h hdX^VaZh Y¼jc X i Zi Va^bZciZci YZ cdjkZaaZh deedh^i^dch YZ a¼VjigZ# JcZ hdX^ i fj^! edjg aZ hdX^dad\jZ 6aV^c IdjgV^cZ! cZ hZ XdbegZcY eajh XdbbZ XZaaZ Y¼VjigZ[d^h# 8ZaaZ Y¼VjigZ[d^h! cdjh Y^i"^a! edjkV^i igZ Veeg ]ZcY Z YZ bVc^ gZ Xd] gZciZ | igVkZgh jcZ \g^aaZ Y¼VcVanhZ hdX^VaZ Zi jcZ \g^aaZ Y¼VcVanhZ eda^i^fjZ# 8Z cZ hZgV^i eajh aZ XVh Y hdgbV^h# HZadc aj^! edjg XdbegZcYgZ aV hdX^ i XdciZbedgV^cZ | a¼ X]ZaaZ bdcY^VaZ! ^a [Vji gZXdjg^g | YZh Xg^i gZh Y¼VcVanhZ XjaijgZaaZ'# 8ZiiZ ]nedi] hZ! edh Z Zc djkZgijgZ YZ cdigZ XdaadfjZ! edjggV^i hZgk^g YZ ed^ci YZ g [ gZcXZ YZh Y WVih | kZc^g! XZ fj^ c¼ZmXaji YdcX eVh! eVg Xdch fjZci! hV XdciZhiVi^dc kZcijZaaZ# FjZaaZh hdci aZh eg^cX^eVaZh fjZhi^dch fjZ a¼dc kdjYgV^i edhZg eZcYVci XZh YZjm _djgc Zh 4 FjZaaZ ^Y Z aZh bjh Zh YdccZci"^ah YZ aV hdX^ i ! fjZaaZ ^Y Z h¼Zc [dci"^ah 4 FjZa g aZ aZ bjh Z _djZ"i"^a YVch aV XdchX^ZcXZ fjZ aV hdX^ i V Y¼ZaaZ"b bZ 4 8dbbZci aZ bjh Z Zi aV hdX^ i hZ gZcXdcigZci bV^h Vjhh^ XdbbZci Zi edjgfjd^ cZ hZ gZcXdc" igZci"^ah eVh 4 6^ch^! cdh igVkVjm Vjgdci cdiVbbZci | dWhZgkZg XZjm fj^ k^ZccZci Vj bjh Z Zi XZjm fj^ c¼n k^ZccZci eVh# AZ egdWa bZ YZ a¼ aVg\^hhZbZci YZ a¼Veegdeg^Vi^dc X^idnZccZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zhi Zc Z[[Zi Vj X¶jg YZ cdigZ hj_Zi# 8dch^Y gZg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ a¼dXXVh^dc Y¼^ciZggd\Zg XZiiZ egda^[ " gVi^dc eVig^bdc^VaZ YZh Vcc Zh ,% | Vj_djgY¼]j^! fj^ hZ igVYj^i eVg a¼ bZg\ZcXZ dj aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZ bjai^eaZh bjh Zh Y¼Vgi dj YZ hdX^ i ! aV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg YZ h^iZh ]^hidg^fjZh Vjhh^ W^Zc fjZ aV Xg Vi^dc YZ XZcigZh Zi YZ bjh Zh Y¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c# 9Vch aV b bZ e g^dYZ! dc XdchiViZ Zc ;gVcXZ jc cdjkZa Z[[dgi! jcZ eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ eajh bVg" fj Z YZh eVig^bd^cZh adXVjm Ydci aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Xdchi^ijZci aZh cdjkZVjm bVgfjZjgh# JcZ ^Y Z fj^ kZcV^i YZ eajh ad^c · aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h cZ [ iZ"i"^a eVh hZh &%% Vch XZiiZ Vcc Z · Zi fjZ <Zdg\Zh" =Zcg^ G^k^ gZ ^cXVgcZ Y h aZh Vcc Zh igZciZ! VkZX aZ egd_Zi YZ bjh Z YZh 6gih Zi IgVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh fj^ kd^i aZ _djg Zc &.(,# 8ZeZcYVci! aV g VXi^kVi^dc YZ cdigZ gVeedgi Vj eVig^bd^cZ c¼Zhi eVh jc e] cdb cZ ^hda ! >a hZ bdcY^Va^hZ Vjhh^ XdbbZ Zc i bd^\cZ aZ igVkV^a VXXdb" ea^ eVg a¼JcZhXd | eVgi^g YZh Vcc Zh ,% Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg Zi _jhfj¼| Vj_djgY¼]j^# AV XdckZci^dc Y¼dXidWgZ '%%* Zc [VkZjg YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ Zmeg^bZ eg X^h bZci aV eg dXXjeVi^dc! YVch jc bdcYZ igde hdjkZci hVch kZg\d\cZ! YZ Y [ZcYgZ Vjhh^ aV Y^kZgh^i YZh eVig^" bd^cZh! YVch aZjg Y^bZch^dc bVi g^ZaaZ Zi ^bbVi g^ZaaZ! Zc idjh a^Zjm Yj \adWZ# GVi^Ä Z eVg X^cfjVciZ"cZj[ eVnh | a¼ X]ZaaZ bdcY^VaZ | XZiiZ ]ZjgZ! ZaaZ g hjaiZ Y¼jc }egZ XdbWVi fj^ cZ eZji fjZ hZ edjghj^kgZ# &-

Ekl[hjkh[

6gg idch"cdjh ZcXdgZ jc ^chiVci hjg XZiiZ egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ fj^ YZkgV^i \VaZbZci cdjgg^g a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh X]Vc\Zh YZ cdigZ XdaadfjZ# AV XdckZci^dc YZ a¼JcZhXd Zc Y [ZcY aZ eg^cX^eZ Zi ^ck^iZ idjh aZh wiVih Yj bdcYZ | aZ [V^gZ# ² aZjg X]ZaaZ! jc \gVcY cdbWgZ Y¼VXiZjgh YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi YZ aV hdX^ i X^k^aZ! Y¼^chi^" iji^dch Vgi^hi^fjZh Zi XjaijgZaaZh hdci Zc\V\ h edjg XZiiZ b bZ XVjhZ# BV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh hj[ÄhVci! cdc eVh hZjaZbZci eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZ ]ZjgiZ YZh ^ci g ih Xdcdb^fjZh fj^ X]ZgX]Zci XdchiVbbZci YZ bjai^eaZh kd^Zh YZ eVhhV\Z edjg ^bedhZg aZjgh gV^hdch! bV^h Vjhh^ eVgXZ fjZ aZ hZja c^kZVj YZh wiVih cZ hj[Äi eVh! hjg aZ eaVc eda^i^fjZ! | \VgVci^g aV egdiZXi^dc YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ | a¼ X]ZaaZ iZgg^idg^VaZ! fjVcY W^Zc b bZ ^ah hZgV^Zci h^\cViV^gZh YZ aV XdckZci^dc YZ '%%*# 8ZiiZ WViV^aaZ hZ _djZ Vjhh^ Vj c^kZVj YZh edjkd^gh adXVjm! fj^ dci aV edhh^" W^a^i Y¼ igZ VXiZjgh | eVgi Zci^ gZ YZ aV Y [ZchZ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i Xjaij" gZaaZ Zc h¼^chXg^kVci YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj egdXZhhjh YZ a¼6\ZcYV '& edjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ | a¼ X]ZaaZ bdcY^VaZ# A¼6\ZcYV '& XdbedgiZ Zc Z[[Zi jc kdaZi XjaijgZa Vjidjg YjfjZa jc cdbWgZ Xgd^hhVci YZ Xda" aZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh hZ gZigdjkZci Zi Xdde gZci# JcZ eg X^h^dc ^bedgiVciZ hjg aZ Xdgejh YZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh YZ igVkV^a / edhZg aV fjZhi^dc Yj gVeedgi ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i c¼^bea^" fjZ eVh YZ cZ edgiZg a¼VXXZci fjZ hjg aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! b bZ h^ XZjm"X^ Vjgdci jcZ eaVXZ YZ X]d^m YVch cdigZ g ÅZm^dc# CdigZ VbW^" i^dc Zhi W^Zc Y¼ aVg\^g aZ Y WVi Yj X i YZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh bjh Zh / aZh bjh Zh ]^hidg^fjZh! aZh bjh Zh YZh WZVjm"Vgih! aZh bjh Zh Y¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! aZh bjh Zh YZh hX^ZcXZh! cdiVbbZci! hdci Vjhh^ XdcXZg" c h eVg cdigZ hj_Zi# >a Zhi idji | [V^i gZbVgfjVWaZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ ZbWgVhhZci idjiZ aV X]V cZ Yj iZbeh! YZh dg^\^cZh Yj bdcYZ Vjm [jijgh kZcijZah YZ a¼]jbVc^i # 6^ch^ gZcYZci"^ah XdbeiZ! YZ W^Zc YZh bVc^ gZh! Yj eVhh ! Zck^hV\Zci"^ah hZh X]dh YVch aZ eg hZci! cZ h¼dXXjeZci"^ah eVg[d^h fjZ YZh iZbeh VXijZah! dj ZcXdgZ hZ he X^Va^" hZci"^ah YVch a¼ZmeadgVi^dc YZh hX cVg^dh Y¼VkZc^g# 8¼Zhi idji | [V^i kZg" i^\^cZjm# BV^h Vadgh! XdbbZci X]VXjc Y¼ZcigZ Zjm cdjh gZchZ^\cZ hjg aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 A¼jcZ YZh ]nedi] hZh fj^ ^che^gZ XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ! X¼Zhi fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi cdc hZjaZbZci jc XdcXZei fj^ kdajZ YVch a¼]^hid^gZ! bV^h Vjhh^ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi _VbV^h jc XdcXZei cZjigZ# A¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh Zhi XZaaZ Y¼jcZ ajiiZ ZcigZ eajh^Zjgh XdcXZei^dch YZ XZiiZ ^chi^iji^dc! hZadc fjZ a¼dc eg^k^a \^Z aZ bjh Z XdbbZ XdchZgkVid^gZ! a^Zj Y¼ ijYZ g hZgk Vjm he X^Va^hiZh dj fj¼dc aZ eZchZ XdbbZ jc ZheVXZ ejWa^X Vj hZch eaZ^c Yj iZgbZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aVg\ZbZci djkZgi Vj ejWa^X# ² XZi \VgY! a¼]^h" id^gZ XdciZbedgV^cZ YZh bjh Zh i bd^\cZ | aV [d^h YZ XZiiZ deedh^i^dc '/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Zi Y¼jc ^cY c^VWaZ gVeegdX]ZbZci YZh ed^cih YZ kjZ! b bZ h^ YZh Y^[" [ gZcXZh Y¼VeegdX]Z YZbZjgZci ZcXdgZ# Adgh YZ XZh _djgc Zh! cdjh g ^ciZggd\Zgdch aV kdXVi^dc Yj bjh Z / | fjZaaZh XdcY^i^dch igVch[dgbZ"i"^a cdigZ XjaijgZ ^cXdchX^ZciZ Zc XjaijgZ XdchX^ZciZ! hZadc aV [dgbjaZ YZ a¼Vci]gdedad\jZ :YlVgY I# =Vaa 4 8dbbZci aZ bjh Z eZgbZi | aV hdX^ i YZ hZ Xdch^Y gZg VkZX Y^hiVcXZ! Zi YZ igdjkZg eVg a| b bZ Yj hZch | hdc igZ ZchZbWaZ# 8db" bZci aZ bjh Z Xdcig^WjZ | gZXdchigj^gZ cdigZ gVeedgi hnbWda^fjZ Vj iZbeh# Cdjh cdjh YZbVcYZgdch Vjhh^ h^ XZiiZ [VXjai Yj bjh Z YZ gZYdccZg YZ a¼ eV^hhZjg Vj iZbeh! YVch jcZ edfjZ d idji kV YZ eajh Zc eajh k^iZ! d a¼]dbbZ bdYZgcZ Zhi eg^h YVch a¼Zc\gZcV\Z YZ a¼jg\ZcXZ! c¼Zhi eVh XZaaZ fj^ aj^ Xdc[ gZ XZiiZ VjgV YZ he^g^ijVa^i YVch jc bdcYZ Zc egd^Z Vj Y hZcX]VciZbZci! jcZ Y^bZch^dc fj^ edjggV^i h¼Vk gZg aZ XgZjhZi Y¼jc aVg\^hhZbZci YZ aV gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV X^i # Edjg XdcXajgZ XZiiZ ^cigdYjXi^dc! gVeeZadch fjZ aZ XdaadfjZ ® Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^ ¯ VWdgYZgV fjVigZ \gVcYh i] bZh# JcZ egZb^ gZ h fjZcXZ Zhi XdchVXg Z | bZiigZ | _djg XZgiV^cZh igVch[dgbVi^dch YZ aV hdX^ i ! YZh bdYZh YZ k^Z Zi YZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh fj^ YZhh^cZci YZ cdjkZVjm gVeedgih | aV XjaijgZ Zi Vjm iZgg^id^gZh Zi eVgi^X^eZci | aV gZXdbedh^i^dc YZh ^YZci^i h# Ej^h! cdjh VWdgYZgdch hjXXZhh^kZbZci aV fjZhi^dc YZh gZaVi^dch Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ! Vj eda^i^fjZ! Vj iZgg^id^gZ# ?Z gZa kZgV^ ZcÄc igd^h YZh eg^cX^eZh hjg aZhfjZah XZ XdaadfjZ V i Xdchigj^i / eVgaZg YZh bjh Zh YVch idjiZ aZjg Y^kZgh^i ! hZ cdjgg^g YZ gZ\VgYh gZeg hZciVci Y¼VjigZh igVY^i^dch! Y¼VjigZh Zme g^ZcXZh! Y¼:j" gdeZ! Y¼6[g^fjZ dj Y¼6b g^fjZ! [Vkdg^hZg aZh X]Vc\Zh Zi aZ Y^Vad\jZ VkZX a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh eVgi^X^eVcih# ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ ?Z i^Zch Y¼VWdgY | kdjh Y^gZ idjiZ bV _d^Z Zc iVci fjZ eg h^YZciZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i YZ cdjh gZigdj" kZg idjh Vj_djgY¼]j^ Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h edjg XZi Vcc^kZghV^gZ hnb" Wda^fjZ fj^ k^Zci X a WgZg jc YZh bjh Zh Ydci cdjh hdbbZh aZ eajh ÄZgh edjg hZh XVeVX^i h Y¼^ccdkVi^dc Zi YZ fjZhi^dccZbZci! edjg hV g h^hiVcXZ Vjm ^Y Zh gZ jZh Zi hV [dgXZ Xg^i^fjZ! edjg hdc g aZ ZhhZci^Za YVch cdigZ ]^hid^gZ XdaaZXi^kZ# CdigZ g hZVj! fj^ gZ\gdjeZ fjZafjZ '%% bjh Zh VY] gZcih X¼Zhi" |"Y^gZ eajh YZ )%% higjXijgZh d aZh bjh Zh cVi^dcVjm X id^Zci aZh eajh eZi^ih bjh Zh VhhdX^Vi^[h! XZ g hZVj Zhi jcZ hdgiZ YZ [Vb^aaZ# 6adgh! XdbbZ YVch idjiZh aZh [Vb^aaZh! ZaaZ \ gZ YZ adjgYh ] g^iV\Zh! VgW^igZ YZh XdcÅ^ih Y¼^Y Zh Zi hZ gVhhZbWaZ YVch aV Y^kZgh^i Vjidjg YZ hZh kVaZjgh# 9Vch XZiiZ [Vb^aaZ! ^a n V YZh \gVcYh [g gZh fjZ a¼dc V^bZ '%

Ekl[hjkh[

W^Zc X]V]jiZg YZ iZbeh | VjigZ bV^h fj^ Y i^ZccZci jcZ Vjidg^i ^ciZaaZXijZaaZ XZgiV^cZ# ?Z eZchZ Vj Bj8Zb cdiVbbZci Zi W^Zc k^" YZbbZci Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h# ?Z eZjm Y^gZ aV b bZ X]dhZ YZ [V dc jc eZi^i eZj eajh Zbe^g^fjZ# ?Z bZ hdjk^Zch Yj egZb^Zg bjh Z k^h^i # 8¼ iV^i VkZX a¼ XdaZ! _¼VkV^h Y^m Vch# 8¼ iV^i aZ Bjh Z cVi^dcVa YZh Vgih Zi igVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh | EVg^h# ?Z bZ hdjk^Zch ZcXdgZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ VkZX eg X^h^dc Yj X]dX bdi^[ fj^ VkV^i egdkdfj XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ VkZX jc jc^kZgh Ydci _Z cZ hdje dccV^h b bZ eVh a¼Zm^hiZcXZ# ?Z bZ hdjk^Zch fjZafjZh Vcc Zh eajh iVgY YZ a¼jc YZh egZb^Zgh XdaadfjZh VjmfjZah _¼V^ eVgi^X^e XdbbZ idjiZ _ZjcZ egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ! X¼ iV^i aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h# HdjkZc^g g^\ XdbbZ aZ bdY aZ Yj bjh Z YZ hdX^ i fj^ hZ g ^ckZciZ hVch XZhhZ hjg aj^"b bZ# ?¼V^ W^Zc cdi fjZ aZ XdaadfjZ fjZ _¼V^ a¼]dccZjg Y¼djkg^g | kdh X i h Vj_djgY¼]j^ cZ hZ a^b^iZ eVh | cdigZ hZjaZ [Vb^aaZ YZ bjh Z bV^h h¼VYgZhhZ W^Zc | idjh aZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZ bjh Z# ?Z bZ [ a^X^iZ YZ XZiiZ djkZgijgZ XVg _Z hj^h XdckV^cXjZ fjZ aZh Y Äh fjZ cdjh Vkdch | gZaZkZg XdcXZgcVci aV Y Äc^i^dc Zi aZh b^hh^dch Yj bjh Z YVch cdigZ hdX^ i ! aZh Zc_Zjm Y¼jcZ Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ idj_djgh | Xdchigj^gZ! aV eaVXZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ YVch aZh ^YZci^i h [gVc V^hZh · bV^h _Z eg [ gZgV^h YVkVciV\Z eVgaZg ^X^ YZ XjaijgZh Vj eajg^Za · cZ edjg" gdci eVh igZ gZaZk h eVg X]VfjZ [Vb^aaZ YZ bjh Z# 8Zh fjZhi^dch cdjh hdci edh Zh | idjh Zi X¼Zhi XdaaZXi^kZbZci fj¼^a [VjYgV n g edc" YgZ# AZh b ÄVcXZh bjijZaaZh ZcigZ bjh Zh YZ WZVjm"Vgih Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! a¼V[ÄgbVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh XdbbZ jc bdcYZ | eVgi Yd^kZci igZ Y eVhh Zh edjg g ZaaZbZci [V^gZ hjg\^g jcZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc Y¼^Y Zh hjg aV eaVXZ YZ cdh bjh Zh Vj hZ^c YZ aV XjaijgZ bV^h Vj"YZa| YVch cdh hdX^ i h Zi YVch aZ bdcYZ# FjZ a¼dc cZ h¼n igdbeZ eVh! adghfjZ YZh \gVcYh bjh Zh g h^hiZci edjg a¼^Y Z fj¼^ah hZ [dci YZh XdaaZXi^dch!

Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zi YZ a¼V[ÄgbVi^dc Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ Y dcidad\^Z! XZaV cdjh XdcXZgcZ Vjhh^# B bZ h^ XZaV hZbWaZ ad^c YZ cdh eg dXXjeVi^dch ^bb Y^ViZh XVg X¼Zhi a¼^Y Z b bZ Yj bjh Z Yj hZgk^XZ ejWa^X fj^ Zhi Zc _Zj# AZh ed^cih YZ kjZ eZjkZci Zi Yd^kZci Y^[[ gZg bV^h ^a [Vji hVkd^g aZh ZciZcYgZ Zi igZ Zc XVeVX^i YZ aZh ZciZcYgZ YZ a| d cdjh hdbbZh# EVgXZ fj¼^a h¼V\^gV^i YZ XdchZgkViZjgh cVi^dcVjm! eVgXZ fj¼^a h¼V\^gV^i YZ X]Z[h"Y¼¶jkgZ! eVgXZ fj¼^a h¼V\^gV^i YZ \gVcYh kV^hhZVjm Vb^gVjm! bV^h XZ hdci YZh XVi \dg^Zh ^bedh Zh# A¼^ciZaa^\ZcXZ kdjYgV^i fj¼^a c¼n V^i fj¼jc hZja eVig^bd^cZ jc^ Zi ^cY^k^h^WaZ! jcZ hZjaZ g^\jZjg hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ fj^ h¼^bedhZ | idjh! jc hZja XdYZ Y dcidad\^fjZ eVgiV\ eVg idjh! Vadgh XZaV cdjh XdcXZgcZ Zc egZb^Zg a^Zj Zi eVgXZ fj¼dc cZ cdjh YZbVcYZ eVh cdigZ Vk^h! gV^hdc YZ eajh edjg aZ YdccZg#

('

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

9Zh XdaadfjZh [dcYViZjgh YZ a¼>haZ"Y¼6WZVj Zi YZ Bja]djhZ fjZ _Z bZ eaV^h hnbWda^fjZbZci | X^iZg ^X^! _Z gZi^ZcYgV^ aZh fjZhi^dch [dcYVbZciVaZh fj^ hdci edh Zh hVch gZa}X]Z YZej^h eajh YZ k^c\i Vch# >YZci^i Zi iZgg^id^gZ! gZX]ZgX]Z Zi Y kZadeeZbZci! gZcdjkZaaZbZci Zi bjh dad\^Z! aV eaVXZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch! b bd^gZ Zi bdYZgc^hVi^dc! cdh" iVa\^Z Zi Vci^X^eVi^dc! bjh Z Zi gjeijgZ! bjh Z Zi hdX^ i Zi _¼Zc eVhhZ# ?Z cZ g h^hiZ eVh | YZjm X^iVi^dch ZmigV^iZh YZh 6XiZh YZ Bja]djhZ! aV egZb^ gZ Zhi Y¼wb^a^V KV^aaVci! aV hZXdcYZ Zhi YZ @gonhoid[ Edb^Vc# ® B[ i[di Z[i cki [i" gk[ij_ed j[hd[bb[" [ij f[kj# jh[ bW fbki fWii_ed# dWdj[ gk[ij_ed iWdi Ód$ 9[i cki [i Yedijhk_i[dj kd \kjkh fWl Z[ jhWY[i [j Z[ h[f h[i _Z[dj_ÓWXb[i" [dYeh[ \Wkj#_b gk[ b[ fWii d[ ie_j fWi Z[lWdj deki [j gk[ b[i hoj^c[i Z[ hkfjkh[ gkÊed _Z[dj_Ó[ ZWdi dejh[ ieY_ j eYY_Z[djWb[ ie_[dj _Z[dj_Ó i ZWdi bW f[hif[Yj_l[ Z[ bÊ[di[cXb[ Z[ bÊ^kcWd_j $ ?b d[ iÊW]_j fWi Z[ Yedijhk_h[ kd ZecW_d[ h i[hl cW_i ZÊe\\h_h kd j[hhW_d ZÊWl[djkh[ } bÊ_dl[ij_]Wj_ed Z[ jeki b[i Y^[hY^[khi [d iY_[dY[i ^kcW_d[i$ :Wdi Y[jj[ f h_eZ[" WlWdj bÊWd (&&&" e bÊ[if Y[ ^kcW_d[ e\\h[ Wkn h[]WhZi Z[i [d\Wdji Z[i cedY[Wkn ZÊ_dgk_ jkZ[" `[ iek^W_j[ c[jjh[ kd lÄk" gk[ Y[i cki [i Z[ ieY_ j fk_ii[dj Z[l[d_h Z[i cki [i Z[ Y_l_b_iWj_ed fekh Yedijhk_h[ bÊ^ecc[ Yecc[ jh[ Y_l_b_i $ ¯ @gonhoid[ Edb^Vc kdfjZ! aj^! aZh [dgiZh gjeijgZh YZ aV hdX^ i [gVc" V^hZ YVch aZh Vcc Zh +% Xdch^Y g Zh XdbbZ jcZ igd^h^ bZ g kdaji^dc fj^ dWa^\Z aZh bjh Zh | igVkV^aaZg hjg aV cdi^dc YZ eZgiZ Zi YZ gZX]Zg" X]Z Y¼jcZ cdjkZaaZ ^ciZaa^\^W^a^i edjg Xdci^cjZg | hZ bdjkd^g YVch a¼ZheVXZ hdX^Va# >a cdjh Y^i / ® B[i fh[c_[hi iocfj c[i ZÊkd[ j[bb[ fh_i[ Z[ YediY_[dY[ h[cedj[dj } '/,.$ ;bb[ i[ fhefW][hW [j i[ hWZ_YWb_i[hW ZWdi b[i Wdd [i -&$ B[i cki [i Zk gkej_Z_[d h ikbj[dj Z[ bW h[dYedjh[ Wl[Y Y[jj[ dek# l[bb[ h lebkj_ed" Wl[Y b[i _Z [i Z ceYhWj_gk[i ek fbki [nWYj[c[dj ]Wb_jW_h[i gk_ _cfh ]d[dj b[ j_iik ieY_Wb$ 9[i cki [i" fWhY[ gkÊ_bi cedjh[dj b[ gkej_Z_[d [j dejWcc[dj b[ jhWlW_b" Z Ód_ii[dj b[ hWffehj [djh[ b[ fWii [j b[ fh i[dj ded [d j[hc[i Z[ ikf h_eh_j cW_i [d j[hc[i Z[ Z_\\ h[dY[$ D_ h ]h[ii_ed ZedY d_ fhe]h i" cW_i Z[i Y^Wd][c[dji gk_ i[ fheZk_i[dj Z[fk_i bed]j[cfi [j gk_ dÊedj WkYkd[ hW_ied Z[ iÊWhh j[h Wk`ekhZÊ^k_$ B[ Z_iYekhi [nfb_Y_j[ Z[i cki [i Zk gkej_Z_[d Z_\\ h[ ZedY Z[ Y[bk_ Z[i cki [i Z[i ] d hWj_edi fh Y Z[dj[i YWh _b _dj ]h[ ZWdi bÊ^_ije_h[ b[ fh i[dj bk_#c c[ [j Wdj_Y_f[ b[ cec[dj e _b Z[l_[dZhW } ied jekh kd fWii $ ¯ 6adgh! bZ Y^gZo"kdjh! fj¼Vkdch"cdjh [V^i YZej^h k^c\i Vch 4 CdigZ igVkV^a! bZ hZbWaZ"i"^a! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Xdc[gdciZg a¼jide^Z | aV g Va^i ! X¼Zhi" |"Y^gZ Zme g^bZciZg hVch gZa}X]Z VkZX dj hVch bdnZch ÄcVcX^Zgh! VkZX YZh X]ZXh eViZcih Zi YZh g jhh^iZh XaViVciZh! VkZX YZh ejWa^Xh Zci]dj" h^VhiZh Zi eVg[d^h eVh YZ ejWa^X Yj idji! bV^h idj_djgh VkZX XZiiZ ^Y Z Y¼jc bjh Z fj^ h¼^bea^fjZ YVch aZh iZgg^id^gZh Vjeg h YZh edejaVi^dch! ''

Ekl[hjkh[

jc bjh Z YZ fjZhi^dch! jc bjh Z fj^ hZ b aZ YZ idji Zi fj^ c¼Zhi _VbV^h a| d dc a¼ViiZcY# Cdjh Vkdch gV^hdc Y¼Vkd^g YZ aV XdchiVcXZ YVch cdh fjZhi^dch XVg XZ hdci XZh b bZh fjZhi^dch fj^ cdjh Y Äc^h" hZci aZ b^Zjm# ?¼Zhe gZ Y¼V^aaZjgh fjZ aZh g edchZh fjZ kdjh VeedgiZgZo YjgVci XZh YZjm _djgh [Zgdci | aZjg idjg bZg\Zg YZ cdjkZaaZh fjZh" i^dch fjZ a¼dc VjgV^i djWa^ Zh YZ hZ edhZg# AZ bjh Z Zhi jc egdXZhhjh fj^ h¼^chXg^i YVch aV Yjg Z! XdbbZ Y^gV^i =j\jZh YZ KVg^cZ! Zi X¼Zhi jc VXiZjg XdciZbedgV^c YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zi YZh hdX^ i h Ydci ^a Zhi eVg[d^h aZ b^gd^g Y [dgbVci# 6adgh _Z XdcXajgV^ eVg igd^h dWhZgkVi^dch fj^! V eg^dg^! c¼dci eVh YZ a^Zc Zi cZ hZ edhZci eVh Vj b bZ c^kZVj bV^h fjZ _Z kd^h XdbbZ jcZ ^cigdYjXi^dc | XZh YZjm _djgc Zh# EgZb^ gZ g ÅZm^dc# AdghfjZ aZ bjh Z eVgaZ Yj eVhh VkZX dj hVch cdhiVa\^Z! hdjkZci VkZX ^a [Vji W^Zc aZ Y^gZ! ^a igdjkZ jc ejWa^X cdb" WgZjm# Adghfj¼^a h¼Zc\V\Z YVch YZh fjZhi^dch XdciZbedgV^cZh Y^[Ä" X^aZh! Y gVc\ZVciZh! ^a \VgZ hdjkZci hZh ejWa^Xh# FjZa Zhi YdcX cdigZ c^kZVj Y¼Zm^\ZcXZ! fjZaaZ Zhi cdigZ bVg\Z YZ bVc¶jkgZ 4 9Zjm^ bZ g [aZm^dc# AZh Zmedh^i^dch fjZ cdjh eg hZcidch! fj^ cdjh YZbVcYZci iZaaZbZci Y¼ cZg\^Z Zi fj^ hdci cdh [V^gZ"kVad^g! cdigZ [V^gZ"hVkd^g cZ hdci eVh gVY^XVaZbZci Y^[[ gZciZh YZh Zmedh^" i^dch Y¼]^Zg Zi Y¼VkVci"]^Zg# EdjgiVci! idji V X]Vc\ Vjidjg YZ cdjh# CZ YZkdch"cdjh eVh cdjh edhZg aV fjZhi^dc YZ XZ fjZ edjggV^i igZ jcZ Zmedh^i^dc Zc '%%, 4 :hi"XZ ZcXdgZ jcZ Zmedh^i^dc! Zhi"XZ VjigZ X]dhZ 4 :cÄc! ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX! YVch jc djkgV\Z g XZci ejWa^ eVg aV Y^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ hjg aZh ejWa^Xh YZ bjh Z! bdcigZ fjZ aZh ejWa^Xh hdci b ÄVcih YZh Y^hXdjgh egdkZcVci YZh ^chi^iji^dch! fj¼^a h¼V\^hhZ YZh eda^i^fjZh! YZh _djgcVa^hiZh edjg cZ X^iZg fjZ XZjm"a|!

Zi edjg VjiVci a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh Z Zhi XZaaZ | aVfjZaaZ aZ ejWa^X [V^i aZ eajh XdcÄVcXZ edjg aV g^\jZjg YZh egdedh Zi a¼ XaV^gV\Z hjg cdigZ hdX^ i # 6adgh! fj¼ViiZcYdch"cdjh YZ XZ XdaadfjZ ® Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^ ¯ 4 Fj¼^a [VhhZ YViZ XdbbZ a¼>haZ"Y¼6WZVj dj Bja]djhZ! eZji" igZ# Fj¼^a cdjh eZgbZiiZ YZ egZcYgZ Yj X]Vbe eVg gVeedgi | cdh egVi^fjZh! hVch YdjiZ# Fj¼^a g ZcX]VciZ aZh b^hh^dch Y¼^ci g i \ c gVa YZ cdh bjh Zh! X¼Zhi XZgiV^c# BV^h hjgidji fj¼^a Y [g^X]Z! ^gg^\jZ! h bZ YZh ^Y Zh! cdjkZaaZh dj eVh Y¼V^aaZjgh! YZ aV eZgi^cZcXZ YZ a¼VY fjV" i^dc Y¼jc bjh Z ji^aZ Vjm iZgg^id^gZh Zi | hZh ]VW^iVcih! ^cY^heZchVWaZ Vjm ajh! Zc [V^i jc bjh Z XdbbZ VXiZjg XZcigVa YVch cdigZ hdX^ i # ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z# 7dc XdaadfjZ#

()

H VcXZ ^cigdYjXi^kZ FjZaaZh ViiZciZh YVch aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4

E

djgfjd^ aV eVgi YZh ;gVc V^h fj^ cZ hdci _VbV^h Vaa h Vj bjh Z YZ aZjg k^Z gZhiZ"i"ZaaZ Äm Z | ,% 4 Eajh aVg\ZbZci! fjZaaZh hdci aZjgh Y^[ÄXjai h! aZjgh

]VW^ijYZh Zi aZjgh Vhe^gVi^dch 4 AZ XZgcZg! a¼ kVajZg Zi Zc iZc^g XdbeiZ! fjVcY dc Y^g^\Z jc bjh Z! cZ Y X^YZ"i"^a eVh YZ hV [g fjZciVi^dc 4 6jhh^ Zhi"XZ YZh dWhZg" kViZjgh YZ aV hdX^ i ! YZh hdX^dad\jZh cdiVbbZci! fjZ YZh g edchZh hdci Y¼VWdgY hdaa^X^i Zh#

BdY gViZjg / ?ZVc <j^WVa 8dchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[! Y^gZXiZjg YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ Vj 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ

>a bZ gZk^Zci Y¼djkg^g aV Y^hXjhh^dc Zc Vc^bVci aV egZb^ gZ h VcXZ YZ cdh gZcXdcigZh# ?Z cZ kV^h eVh V_djiZg Vjm gZbZgX^ZbZcih Zi ]db" bV\Zh fj¼dci egdcdcX h ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh! ?ja^Z 8dgiZk^aaZ Zi ?ZVc" E^ZggZ HVZo# HVj[ edjg kdjh Y^gZ fjZ _Z hj^h VhhZo hVi^h[V^i YZ kd^g aZh k^hV\Zh fj^ hdci YVch aV hVaaZ Zi YZ cdiZg fj¼^a n V WZVjXdje YZ _ZjcZh \Zch Y¼jcZ eVgi! Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi YZh \Zch fjZ _Z cZ XdccV^h eVh# 8Z fj^ kZji Y^gZ fjZ cdigZ eZi^i bdcYZ hZ gZcdjkZaaZ Zi fjZ cdjh cZ hdbbZh eVh ® ZcigZ cdjh ¯! cdjh fj^ cdjh gZigdjkdch g \ja^ gZbZci YVch aZh XdaadfjZh egd[Zhh^dccZah Vj ed^ci Y¼ igZ hdjkZci XVeVWaZh YZ eg Y^gZ XZ fjZ cdjh Vaadch Y^gZ! aZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh# Edjg Vc^bZg aV h VcXZ! _Z kdjYgV^h bZ eZgbZiigZ jc iZhi / Zhi"XZ fjZ XZjm fj^ iV^Zci eg hZcih | a¼>haZ"Y¼6WZVj! adgh YZh egZb^ gZh gZcXdcigZh YZh Xdbjh Zh Zc &.-+! kZjaZci W^Zc aZkZg aV bV^c 4 BV^ciZcVci! XZjm fj^ iV^Zci eg hZcih | Bja]djhZ! adgh YZh egZb^ gZh gZcXdcigZh hjg aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zc &..' 4 7ZVjXdje iV^Zci eg hZcih adgh YZh YZjm XdaadfjZh! bV^h dc eZji k g^ÄZg fjZ aZ gZcdjkZaaZbZci V W^Zc Zj a^Zj! h^ _¼Zc _j\Z Vj cdb" WgZ YZ XZjm fj^ c¼dci eVh Xdccj XZh YZjm bdbZcih YZ cdigZ ]^hid^gZ XdbbjcZ# Edjg k^iZg eajh ZcXdgZ aZ g^hfjZ YZ a¼® ZcigZ"hd^ ¯! aZh egZb^Zgh ^ciZgkZcVcih ^ck^i h | cdigZ XdaadfjZ cZ hdci eVh YZ cdh b i^Zgh! eVh b bZ Yj eZi^i b^a^Zj YZh bjh Zh Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ# >ah edgiZci XZeZc" YVci YZh g ÅZm^dch fj^ Xgd^hZci aZh c igZh# ?Z kV^h kdjh aZh eg hZciZg# (+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

AZ i] bZ fj^ djkgZ XZ XdaadfjZ! ® aZh ViiZciZh YZ aV hdX^ i ¯! Zhi [dgi aVg\Z Zi cZ hVjgV^i igZ igV^i Zc YZjm ^ciZgkZci^dch# >a ^ciZggd\Z jc iZg" g^WaZ eVgVYdmZ / cdjh hdbbZh idjh eZghjVY h fjZ cdjh igVkV^aadch Zc g edchZ | jcZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! egZhhVciZ Zi ^gg egZhh^WaZ 0 Zi edjgiVci aZh ejWa^Xh cZ hdci eVh Vj gZcYZo"kdjh! dj ^ah hdci bd^ch cdbWgZjm fjZ cdjh cZ a¼Zhe g^dch# >a [Vji YdcX h¼^ciZggd\Zg hjg XZiiZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! XdcXZei [djggZ"idji fjZ a¼dc cZ hV^i _VbV^h Y Äc^g Zi fjVc" i^ÄZg# :c Y^hi^c\jVci cdiVbbZci aV YZbVcYZ Yj edjkd^g eda^i^fjZ! | idjiZh aZh X]ZaaZh YZ aV k^Z VYb^c^higVi^kZ Zi eda^i^fjZ! fj^ ViiZcY hjgidji YZh g edchZh ^chi^iji^dccZaaZh / aV fjVh^"idiVa^i YZh bjh Zh Xg h Zc \gVcY cdbWgZ XZh k^c\i YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh dci i XdbbVcY h eVg YZh edjkd^gh! cVi^dcVjm dj adXVjm# :i Y^hi^c\jZg Y¼VjigZ eVgi jcZ YZbVcYZ WZVjXdje eajh Y^[[jhZ! jcZ YZbVcYZ eVig^bdc^VaZ! b bd" g^ZaaZ! ]^hidg^fjZ! fj^ c¼VeeZaaZ eVh [dgX bZci aV Xg Vi^dc YZ cdjkZaaZh ^chi^iji^dch bV^h g XaVbZ jc igVkV^a XdaaZXi^[! jc ® _Zj hdX^Va ¯ Vjidjg YZ XZh iZggV^ch fjZ hdci aZh iZgg^id^gZh VcX^Zch Zi cdjkZVjm dj aZh XdbbjcVji h adXVaZh! YZ igVkV^a! Y¼dg^\^cZ! ZiX# # Cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh [dgX bZci idjh aZh dji^ah edjg g edcYgZ | XZiiZ YZbVcYZ# 9¼VWdgY eVgXZ fjZ cdjh hdj[[gdch Y¼jcZ \gVkZ Y^hidgh^dc YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Veea^fj Zh Vj YdbV^cZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ# AV hZXidg^hVi^dc Zmig bZ YZ a¼VXi^dc Vj hZ^c Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ! fj^ h eVgZ aZh bjh Zh Yj eVig^bd^cZ! aZh BdcjbZcih ]^hidg^fjZh YZ a¼VgX] dad\^Z! a¼^ckZciV^gZ Y hdgbV^h gZckdn | Y¼VjigZh X]ZaaZh YZ a¼Zi]cdad\^Z! ZiX#! cdjh ^ciZgY^i egVi^fjZbZci Y¼Vkd^g jcZ k^h^dc \ad" WVaZ! jcZ b bZ Veeg ]Zch^dc YZ aV [VbZjhZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ 0 ZaaZ ^ciZgY^i cdiVbbZci idjiZ g edchZ \ c gVa^hiZ | a¼ViiZciZ YZ cdh XdciZbedgV^ch# 8Z fj^ edjggV^i hZ XdbegZcYgZ | aV g^\jZjg | a¼ X]ZaaZ cVi^dcVaZ ZcXdgZ fjZ _¼Zc YdjiZ YZk^Zci XVgg bZci jcZ VWhjgY^i | a¼ X]ZaaZ adXVaZ# Dc cZ kV eVh gZkZc^g jcZ [d^h ZcXdgZ hjg aZh ZggZbZcih YZ aV XZc" igVa^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! c^ gZ\gZiiZg aZh X]ZXh hjXXZhh^[h YZ aV Y XZcigV" a^hVi^dc# AZ YZgc^Zg Zc YViZ! XZaj^ fj^ V i eg X Y YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ YZh ® egdidXdaZh YZ Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ ¯ V eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci idj" X] cdigZ Y eVgiZbZci YZ a¼>h gZ# Ej^hfjZ aV iZciVi^kZ Y¼^chiVaaZg jcZ k^h^dc cdjkZaaZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ ® Y¼^ci g i iZgg^idg^Va ¯ Zi jcZ g edchZ XjaijgZaaZ VYVei Z V i gZ[jh Z# :i a¼dc eZji XgV^cYgZ! Vj kj YZh Y^h" Xjhh^dch fj^ dci Zj edjg XVYgZ aV YZgc^ gZ XVbeV\cZ eg h^YZci^ZaaZ! fjZ aV Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc cZ hd^i eajh | a¼dgYgZ Yj _djg! | Ygd^iZ XdbbZ | \VjX]Z# AV fjZhi^dc YZh ^YZci^i h! YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zi YZh \gdjeZh hdX^Vjm Zhi W^Zc k^YZbbZci Vj X¶jg YZ iZaaZh eda^i^fjZh eVig^bdc^VaZh '+

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

\ c gVa^hiZh# FjZhi^dc fjZ a¼dc hV^i idjh Y a^XViZ! kd^gZ YVc\ZgZjhZ! idji Zc iVci | a¼dg^\^cZ Xdchi^iji^kZ YZ idjiZh aZh Y Äc^i^dch Yj eVig^bd^cZ! YZej^h aV Y h^\cVi^dc YZh BdcjbZcih ]^hidg^fjZh edjg aV XdchigjXi^dc YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ! _jhfj¼| a¼V[ÄgbVi^dc YZ a¼^YZc" i^i Y¼jc \gdjeZ igd^i Vjidjg Yj XadX]Zg Yj k^aaV\Z dj eajh hdjkZci Yj [djg | eV^c dj Y¼jcZ b bd^gZ XdbbjcZ# Dc V kj g XZbbZci XdbbZci aV fjZhi^dc YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ edjkV^i gZegZcYgZ Yj hZg" k^XZ! h^ _¼dhZ Y^gZ! YVch a¼^ci^ija Y¼jc b^c^hi gZ# BV^h Vjhh^ XdbbZci jc \gdjeZ YZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZh VhhdX^ h | aV XdcXZei^dc YZ aV [jijgZ ® 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc ¯ XgdnV^i YZkd^g Y b^hh^dccZg Y¼jc egd_Zi Vjm Vci^edYZh YZ aV X a WgVi^dc Y¼jcZ ^YZci^i Ydci edjg" gV^Zci igZ ZmXajh aZh ^bb^\g h# 8^i Ydci cdjh gZXZkdch Vj_djgY¼]j^ a¼jc YZh XdcXZeiZjgh! AjX <gjhdc! Zi YZbV^c hdc eg h^YZci! ?VXfjZh IdjWdc# Cdjh gZk^ZcYgdch Zchj^iZ | aV fjZhi^dc YZh ejWa^Xh! VkZX Da^k^Zg 9dccVi# BV^h _Z aV^hhZ aV eVgdaZ | ?ZVc K^VgY! X]ZgX]Zjg! Y^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vj 8cgh | HX^ZcXZh"Ed EVg^h Zi he X^Va^hiZ YZh fjZhi^dch a^ Zh Vj iZbeh a^WgZ Zi Vjm egVi^fjZh idjg^hi^fjZh 0 YdbV^cZh fj^ ^ciZg" gd\Zci cdh egdegZh ^chi^iji^dch! idji VjiVci fjZ XZiiZ fjZhi^dc YZh ^YZci^i h#

9ncVb^fjZ YZh ^YZci^i h! YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zi YZh XjaijgZh YVch aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ ?ZVc K^VgY HdX^dad\jZ! Y^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vj 8cgh"8Zk^ed[! 8ZcigZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh eda^i^fjZh YZ HX^ZcXZh"Ed

BZgX^# 7dc_djg# KZc^g eVgaZg YVch aZ bdcYZ YZh bjh Zh cZ b¼Zhi eVh ]VW^ijZa# 8¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh edjg XZaV fjZ _Z hj^h kZcj eVgXZ fjZ V b¼V Vbjh fjZ kdjh b¼^ck^i^Zo# ?Z hj^h eaji i jc ]dbbZ Yj a^kgZ! _Z hj^h Y^iZjg! _Z Y^g^\Z aZh Y^i^dch YZ a¼6jWZ Zi _¼V^ i Vj Y eVgi YZh Y^i^dch Y¼6XiZh HjY VkZX =jWZgi CnhhZc! bdc bdcYZ X¼Zhi aZ a^kgZ# ?Z hj^h a¼ Y^iZjg YZ <Vd M^c\ _^Vc\! YZ KVXaVk =VkZa! YZ WZVjXdje YZh eZchZjgh ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm! X¼Zhi bdc egZb^Zg b i^Zg! h^ a¼dc eZji Y^gZ# :i bdc YZjm^ bZ b i^Zg! X¼Zhi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci fjZ _Z hj^h hdX^dad\jZ! Y^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh Zc hX^ZcXZh eda^i^fjZh | EVg^h Zi YdcX h^ kdjh kdjaZo! _¼ZhhVnZ Zc eZgbVcZcXZ YZ XdbegZcYgZ cdigZ bdcYZ VkZX XZh YZjm e^ZYh! ÄcVaZbZci# 8Z e^ZY Y¼]dbbZ YZ XjaijgZ YVch jcZ ZcigZ" eg^hZ eg^k Z! a¼ Y^i^dc! Zi ej^h XZ e^ZY YZ X]ZgX]Zjg d[ÄX^Za! ejWa^X# ?Z Y^h V Vj Y Wji eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi Vjhh^ edjg edh^i^dccZg XZ fjZ _Z Y^h eVg (-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

gVeedgi | a¼Zme g^ZcXZ fjZ _¼V^! fj^ Zhi jc eZj Y^[[ gZciZ YZ aV k igZ# AV egZb^ gZ X]dhZ fjZ _Z Y^gV^h YVch jcZ g jc^dc XdbbZ XZaaZ"a|! edjg jc hdX^dad\jZ! X¼Zhi fj¼dc Zhi W^Zc ZcigZ cdjh# 8¼Zhi aV egZb^ gZ X]dhZ fj^ b¼VeeVgV i fjVcY _Z gZ\VgYZ aV hVaaZ! dc Zhi W^Zc ZcigZ cdjh! YZ XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ aV XjaijgZ Zc ;gVcXZ / X¼Zhi jc bdcYZ WaVcX Y¼jc XZgiV^c }\Z VkZX YZh [ZbbZh eajh _ZjcZh Zi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci dc kd^i W^Zc fj¼^a n V jc \gVcY Y XVaV\Z ZcigZ aV hdX^ i [gVc V^hZ fjVcY dc Zhi YZ a¼VjigZ X i YZ aV g^k^ gZ# :i _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji Y^gZ fj¼dc Zhi jcZ ig^Wj eVgb^ Y¼VjigZh# ?Z aZ Y^h YZ bVc^ gZ jc eZj egdkdXVig^XZ! bV^h V X¼Zhi Zmeg h# BV^h _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji Vjhh^ hVkd^g hZ Y^gZ XZ \ZcgZ YZ X]dhZh! n Xdb" eg^h edjg hZ YZbVcYZg h^ XZ hjg fjd^ dc h¼Zhi iZaaZbZci WViij! cdiVb" bZci aV Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ YZej^h jc XZgiV^c iZbeh! h¼Zhi Zc eVgi^Z Vgg i Zi fj¼dc Xdci^cjZ XdbbZ h^ g^Zc c¼VkV^i X]Vc\ # 8Z fj^ kVji edjg eaZ^c Y¼VjigZh egVi^fjZh hdX^VaZh XdbbZ aZ Y eVgi Zc kVXVc" XZh d Zc \gdh aZh egdXZhhjh YZ Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc hdci Wadfj h! bV^h aV hdX^ i Xdci^cjZ | Vkd^g aZ b bZ gZ\VgY hjg ZaaZ"b bZ# >a [Vji Wdj\Zg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ fjZhi^dch Zi hZ Y^gZ fjZ XZ fj¼dc V idj_djgh hj [V^gZ c¼Zhi eVh [dgX bZci h^ VYVei Vj bdcYZ fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ cV igZ! Zi fjZ h^ aZ bdcYZ YZ aV XjaijgZ V WZVjXdje V^Y | eZchZg aZ bdcYZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh k^YZci fj¼Zc XZ bdbZci ^a Xdci^cjZ kgV^bZci | aZ [V^gZ Zi _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji hVkd^g hZ edhZg XZ \ZcgZ YZ fjZhi^dch# :hi"XZ fjZ XZ hdci aZh Xg ViZjgh fj^ cdjh V^YZci | eZchZg aV bdcY^Va^hVi^dc! fj^ cdjh V^YZci | eZchZg aZ bdcYZ iZa fj¼^a kV! aZh Vc\d^hhZh YZ XZ bdcYZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh k^YZci! X¼Zhi bd^ch k^YZci fjZ YVch aZh Vcc Zh +%",% Zc idji XVh | bZh nZjm! b bZ h^ Y^gZ YZh X]dhZh Vjhh^ \ c gVaZh Zhi jc eZj ^Y^di! bV^h _Z aZ [V^h Zmeg h eVgXZ fjZ _Z Xgd^h fj¼dc Zhi YVch jc bdcYZ fj^ Zhi YZkZcj jcZ XdbbjcVji eVgb^ Y¼VjigZh Zi fj^ Yd^i hZ edhZg aV fjZhi^dc YZ XZh XdbbjcVji h aZh jcZh | X i YZh VjigZh! YZ c^X]Zh° >a n V YZh XdbbjcVji h gZa^\^ZjhZh! ^a n V YZh XdbbjcVji h egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh! ^a n V YZh XdbbjcVji h° Dc Zc Zhi jcZ! aZh \Zch fj^ V^bZci aV XjaijgZ ZiX# ?Z kdjYgV^h Y^gZ XZaV Zc eg " ^cigdYjXi^dc! h^ _Z eZjm Y^gZ# :c ^cigdYjXi^dc! _Z kdjaV^h bZiigZ YZjm ^Y Zh hjg aV iVWaZ# AV egZ" b^ gZ! dc Zhi YVch jcZ edfjZ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ d idjh aZh gZe gZh X]Vc" \Zci# :i _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji eVgi^g YZ a¼^Y Z fjZ aZ WdjaZkZghZbZci YZ cdh gZe gZh Zhi Zmig bZbZci egd[dcY# ?Z kV^h kdjh X^iZg jc VjiZjg fjZ! _Z eZchZ! eZj Y¼ZcigZ kdjh XdccV^hhZci XVg X¼Zhi jc ]^hidg^Zc ]dc\gd^h fjZ _¼V^bZ WZVjXdje fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ 7ZcXZ HoVWdaXh^ Zi fj^ Zhi bdgi ^a n V jcZ igZciV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh · Vadgh kdnZo _Z egZcYh YZh g [ gZcXZh ig h ed^cijZh# >a V Xg^i jc eZi^i a^kgZ fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ AZh 8^\d\cZh Y¼6fj^" a Z Zi ^a Y^i Vj [dcY / ® >a n V Zj igd^h \gVcYZh e g^dYZh YVch a¼]^hid^gZ '-

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

YZ a¼ DXX^YZci d idji V i WdjaZkZgh ! aZh XdciZbedgV^ch dci i iZg" gdg^h h Zi aZh \ c gVi^dch hj^kVciZh eZchZci fjZ X¼Zhi a| fj¼Zhi c aZ bdcYZ bdYZgcZ# ¯ :i XZh igd^h \gVcYZh e g^dYZh X¼Zhi a¼Z[[dcYgZbZci YZ a¼:be^gZ gdbV^c! X¼Zhi k^YZbbZci aV Y XdjkZgiZ YZ a¼6b g^fjZ Zi X¼Zhi aV bdcY^Va^hVi^dc# :i ^a Y^i Vj [dcY / ® 8Zh igd^h e g^dYZh hdci k XjZh eVg aZh XdciZbedgV^ch XdbbZ YZh igV\ Y^Zh eVgXZ fjZ aZjgh gZe gZh hZ Y [dci! aZjgh \gVcYZh k g^i h! aZjgh aZXijgZh Yj YZYVch! Yj YZ]dgh! Yj cdjh! Yj _Z! ZiX# :i Zc [V^i X¼Zhi a| fjZ cV i aV bdYZgc^i X]VfjZ [d^h Veg h XZiiZ e g^dYZ! X¼Zhi aZh \ c gVi^dch hj^kVciZh fj^ aZ k^kZci# ¯ ?Z igdjkZ fjZ aZ gZ\VgY YZ 7ZcXZ HoVWdaXh^ hjg cdigZ eg hZci Zhi ^ci gZhhVci! Y¼VWdgY eVgXZ fj¼^a cdjh edh^i^dccZ XdbbZ YVch jcZ e g^dYZ YZ \gVcY eVhhV\Z fj^ Zhi edgiZjhZ Y¼VkZc^g XZ fj^ [V^i idj_djgh eaV^h^g! bV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh ^a cdjh gZckd^Z hjg cdh eZjgh! hjg cdh Vc\d^hhZh Yj [jijg Zi hjg aZ [V^i fjZ YdcX! n Xdbeg^h YVch aV fjZhi^dc YZh bjh Zh! dc Zhi YVch jcZ edfjZ d dc V^bZ aZ eVig^bd^cZ! d dc V eZjg YZ a¼VkZc^g! aZh _ZjcZh cZ [dci eajh Y¼ ijYZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# Idji XZ fj^ iV^i Vj [dcY aZ bdjkZbZci! aZ egd\g h! idjiZ XZiiZ WViV^aaZ kZgh a¼VkZc^g fj^ V dg\Vc^h a¼DXX^YZci YZej^h aV YZgc^ gZ gjeijgZ! X¼Zhi"|" Y^gZ YZej^h aV GZcV^hhVcXZ! h¼Zhi XdbbZ Zc`nhi Z! Vc`nadh Z VkZX YZh gZea^h! YZh gZbdci Zh YZh ^YZci^i h! YZh cVi^dcVa^hbZh! YZh XgV^ciZh Yj hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ZiX# Idji V [V^i jcZ bjiVi^dc YZ cdh hnhi bZh YZ kVaZjgh Zi YZ cdh gZe gZh! _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji aZ kd^g / egZb^Zg Zc_Zj# AZ YZjm^ bZ Zc_Zj Zhi fjZ a¼dc k^i YVch jc bdcYZ d a¼ZheVXZ Zhi Xadh! idiVaZbZci Xdccj! X¼Zhi aV IZggZ# 8¼Zhi aV egZb^ gZ [d^h YVch a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ a¼]jbVc^i fj¼^a c¼n V eajh Y¼Zmi g^Zjg Vadgh fjZ idjiZh cdh XjaijgZh hdci YZh XjaijgZh YZ Xdcfj iZ# AV cVi^dc! a¼Zmi g^Zjg YZ aV cVi^dc! aZh WVgWVgZh! aV Xdadc^hVi^dc! ZiX# Eajh Y¼Zmi g^Zjg# vV c¼V eajh VjXjc hZch# Dc cZ kV eVh Xdcfj g^g aV 7Za\^fjZ! dc hZgV^i Y¼VWdgY g^Y^" XjaZh! YdcX V c¼V eajh YZ hZch# EVg XdcigZ! aZ iZbeh Zhi Zc ZmeVch^dc# Kdjh hVkZo fjZ kdjh \V\cZo igd^h ]ZjgZh YZ cj^i eVg _djg! kdjh VkZo \V\c )% Y¼Zm^hiZcXZ YZ k^Z ZcigZ \ c gVi^dch# 8dbbZ Y^hV^i ;djgVh" i^ ! cdjh hdbbZh Zcig h YVch aZ iZbeh YZh k^Zh Xdbea iZh \ c gVa^h Zh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ cdigZ Zhe gVcXZ YZ k^kgZ eajh YZ -% Vch Zhi egdWVWaZ edjg aV eajeVgi Y¼ZcigZ cdjh Vadgh fjZ X¼ iV^i jcZ Zhe gVcXZ gVg^h" h^bZ VkVci &)# AV eajeVgi YZh [ZbbZh c¼n Vgg^kV^i eVh eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZh bdjggV^Zci Zc XdjX]Zh cdiVbbZci# :i YdcX dc iV^i YVch YZh hdX^ i h YZ k^Zjm bZhh^Zjgh Zi YZ _ZjcZh [ZbbZh# Dc Zhi YVch YZh hdX^ i h YZ k^Z^aaZh [ZbbZh Zi YZ bZhh^Zjgh Y¼jc XZgiV^c }\Z# Dc V a| YZh WdjaZkZg" hZbZcih egd[dcYh bV^h dc djWa^Z YZh X]dhZh XdbbZ V! X¼Zhi aZ iZbeh fj^ Zhi Zc ZmeVch^dc VkZX aV k^iZhhZ W^Zc h g# Cdc hZjaZbZci aZ iZbeh h¼Vaadc\Z bV^h aV k^iZhhZ k^YZbbZci# A¼^chiVciVc ^i eaVc iV^gZ kdjh (/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

hV^h^i! kdjh iZh Vj XdjgVci YZ XZ fj^ hZ eVhhZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ 0 h¼^a n V jc ViiZciVi Vj Wdji Yj bdcYZ! kdjh aZ hVkZo VkZX kdigZ XV[ ! ZiX# 9dcX dc Zhi YVch XZ WdjaZkZghZbZci# Dc k^i YVch jc iZgg^id^gZ fj^ Zhi aV IZggZ! ^a c¼n V eajh Y¼Zmi g^Zjg# 9dcX a¼^Y Z YZ cVi^dc X]Vc\Z YZ cVijgZ eVgXZ fjZ aV cVi^dc X¼ iV^i aZ Cdjh [VXZ Vjm 6jigZh# EVg XdcigZ! Z[[ZX" i^kZbZci! dc Zhi YVch jc iZbeh Zc ZmeVch^dc# :i _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji hZ edhZg! hZ Y^gZ kd^a|! a| ^a n V YZh WdjaZkZghZbZcih Zmig bZbZci egd" [dcYh! dc Zhi YZkZcjh YZh ^cY^k^Yjh bjai^"VeeVgiZcVcih Zi Vj [dcY aV fjZhi^dc X¼Zhi XdbbZci YVch XZ bdcYZ d aZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh° Kdjh hVkZo fj¼^a n V jc b^aa^VgY YZ \Zch fj^ [gVcX]^hhZci aZh [gdci^ gZh YZ aZjg eVnh idjh aZh Vch hjg h^m b^aa^VgYh! jc b^aa^VgY >a n Zc VjgV YZjm b^aa^VgYh Y¼^X^ jcZ k^c\iV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh# 8¼Zhi fjd^ jc b^aa^VgY YZ \Zch fj^ kdci k^h^iZg jc VjigZ eVnh fjZ aZ aZjg idjh aZh Vch 4 8¼Zhi fjd^ igd^h b^aa^VgYh YZ \Zch fj^ k^h^iZci aZjg egdegZ eVnh X]VfjZ Vcc Z 4 8¼Zhi fjd^ XZiiZ bVhhZ YZ \Zch fj^ hZ Y eaVXZci hjg aZjgh egdegZh iZg" g^id^gZh 4 9dcX X¼Zhi fjd^ XZh bdjkZbZcih 4 Fj¼Zhi"XZ fj^ hZ eVhhZ 4 8¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ eVh bVg\^cVa :c ;gVcXZ dc V ,* b^aa^dch YZ \Zch fj^ k^h^iZci XZ eVnh YZ +( b^aa^dch Y¼]VW^iVcih# >a n V eajh YZ idjg^hiZh fjZ Y¼]VW^iVcih Zc ;gVcXZ! X¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ# Fj¼Zhi" XZ fjZ V [V^i 4 Dc k^i edjgfjd^ 4 YVch fjZa gZ\VgY 4 Dc Zhi YVch fjZa iZgg^id^gZ 4 Fj¼Zhi"XZ fj^ YdccZ aZ iZgg^id^gZ 4 FjVcY kdjh kdjh egd" bZcZo | EVg^h aZ hd^g! kdjh XdjiZo fjZaaZ aVc\jZ 4 Kdjh hdgiZo YVch aV gjZ edjg XdjiZg Yj _VedcV^h! YZ a¼Vc\aV^h! YZ a¼^iVa^Zc bV^h Yj [gVc" V^h! dc Zc ZciZcY egZhfjZ eVh! Yj bd^ch YVch XZgiV^ch fjVgi^Zgh! h^ dc X]Vc\Z YZ fjVgi^Zg eVg XdcigZ dc ZciZcY VjigZ X]dhZ# 8¼Zhi V Vjhh^ aV g Va^i Yj bdcYZ YVch aZfjZa dc k^i! aZh iZgg^id^gZh YVch aZhfjZah dc Zhi Zi _¼VjgV^h iZcYVcXZ | Y^gZ XdbbZ Vg\jbZci eg^cX^eVa Vj [dcY fj¼Zc eajh a¼^YZci^i Zhi jc egdWa bZ YZ iZgg^id^gZ# Dc kZji fjZ a¼]dbbZ ej^hhZ igZ bdW^aZ! h^ dc kZji fjZ a¼]dbbZ ej^hhZ igZ bjai^"VeeVg" iZcVci! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ _djZg VkZX hZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh! h^ dc kZji igZ YVch jc bdcYZ YZ k^Z adc\jZ! YdcX jc bdcYZ d aV k^Z YZk^Zci jcZ VkZc" ijgZ eVgXZ fjZ aV k^Z Zhi iZaaZbZci adc\jZ YdcX ^a c¼V g^Zc YZ eajh ZccjnZjm fjZ YZ [V^gZ eZcYVci X^cfjVciZ Vch aZ b bZ b i^Zg! b bZ h^ aZ b i^Zg Zhi ^ci gZhhVci! k^kgZ YVch aZ b bZ XdjeaZ! Vkd^g aV b bZ bV^hdc! aV b bZ [ZbbZ! aZ b bZ bVg^! ZiX# Dc Zhi YVch XZiiZ hdX^ i YZ aV gjeijgZ Zi YZ a¼VkZcijgZ# 7 c^ hd^i XZaj^ fj^ k^i idji YVch aV Yjg Z bV^h ^a Zhi fjVcY b bZ a¼ZmXZei^dc# Kdjh hVkZo fjZ aV Yjg Z bdnZccZ YZ aV k^Z YZh XdjeaZh Zhi YZ ]j^i Vch Zi YZh Zbegjcih ^bbdW^a^Zgh YZ X^cfjVciZ Vch! n V fjVcY b bZ YZh gjeijgZh# 9dcX ^a [Vji gZ\VgYZg idjh XZh WdjaZkZghZbZcih! idjh XZh X]Vc\ZbZcih! X¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh edjg V fjZ ), YZh Zc[Vcih cV^hhZci ]dgh bVg^V\Z# BV^h idji V [V^i eVgi^Z (%

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

Y¼jc b bZ Y^hedh^i^[ YZ WdjaZkZghZbZci YZh XjaijgZh! _Z aZ Y^h VkZX YZh X]^[[gZh edjg kdjh [V^gZ g^gZ! bV^h idji V Zc [V^i eVgi^Z# 6adgh ^a n V YZjm Zcig Zh edjg bd^ YVch XZ bdcYZ edjg ZhhVnZg YZ h¼n gZe gZg! fjZ _¼ZhhVnZ YZ WdjhXjaZg YZkVci kdjh Zc fjZafjZh b^cjiZh# AV egZb^ gZ Zcig Z! X¼Zhi aZ iZbeh! _Z a¼V^ Y^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ# Kdjh hVkZo fjZ kdjh VaaZo k^kgZ ,%% %%% ]ZjgZh! ^a cZ kdjh gZhiZ eVh ,%% %%% ]ZjgZh# :c idji! kdjh k^kgZo Zc bdnZccZ ,%% %%% ]ZjgZh# 6kVci &)! dc k^kV^i *%% %%% ]ZjgZh# ?¼VYdgZ XZh X]^[[gZh XVg V kZji Y^gZ fj¼dc V \V\c '%% %%% ]ZjgZh Y¼Zhe gVcXZ YZ k^Z Zc igd^h \ c " gVi^dch YVch aZh eVnh Y kZadee h# 8¼Zhi Xdch^Y gVWaZ# ,%% %%% ]ZjgZh! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ kdjh VaaZo Zc [V^gZ 4 7dc kdjh VaaZo Ydgb^g '%% %%% ]Zj" gZh# ?Z kdjh aZh aV^hhZ Zc bdnZccZ \ c gVaZ Zi Zc \gdh! V V eVh iZaaZ" bZci X]Vc\ eVgXZ fjZ kdjh YdgbZo WZVjXdje bd^ch fjZ kdh \gVcYh" eVgZcih# Kdjh VkZo YZh b i^Zgh Yj XZgkZVj! fj^ kdjh [Vi^\jZci! kdjh hi^bjaZci! kdjh [dci \gVcY^g! kdjh [dci bd^ch Ydgb^g# AV Yjg Z a \VaZ Yj igVkV^a Zc ;gVcXZ Zhi YZ +, %%% ]ZjgZh# 9dcX kdjh VaaZo igVkV^aaZg ,% %%% ]ZjgZh Zc \gdh! C^XdaVh HVg`don dj eVh eVgXZ fj¼^a eZji cdjh Zc gV_djiZg jc eZj bV^h fj¼dc hd^i | ,* %%% dj +' %%%! V cZ X]Vc\Z eVh aZ hX]b^aWa^X`# Kdjh VaaZo [V^gZ (% %%% ]ZjgZh Y¼ ijYZh YdcX fjVcY kdjh VjgZo Äc^ YZ Ydgb^g! Äc^ YZ igVkV^aaZg! Äc^ Y¼ ijY^Zg! ^a kdjh gZhiZ )%% %%% ]ZjgZh edjg [V^gZ VjigZ X]dhZ# Kdh \gVcYh"eVgZcih VkVci &)! fjVcY ^ah igVkV^aaV^Zci '%% %%% ]ZjgZh Zc bdnZccZ! igVkV^a Y¼jc eVnhVc! Y¼jc djkg^Zg! ^ah YdgbV^Zci '%% %%% ]ZjgZh! ^a aZjg gZh" iV^i &%% %%% ]ZjgZh edjg VeegZcYgZ! b^a^iZg! V^bZg! hZ Xjai^kZg Zi bdj" g^g# Kdjh! ^a kdjh gZhiZ )%% %%% ]ZjgZh# 9dcX aZ iZbeh V Zmeadh # 8¼Zhi aZ iZbeh fj^ kdjh VeeVgi^Zci Zi YdcX aZ bdcYZ Zhi higjXijg eVg XZ iZbeh a^WgZ! X¼Zhi V fj¼^a [Vji W^Zc XdbegZcYgZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ aZh cdgbZh! aZh kVaZjgh! aZh XdYZh hdX^Vjm iV^Zci k^YZbbZci higjXijg h eVg aZ bdcYZ Yj igVkV^a# FjVcY dc igVkV^aaZ '%% %%% ]ZjgZh hjg jcZ k^Z YZ *%% %%% ]ZjgZh! XZ hdci aZh kVaZjgh Yj igVkV^a fj^ higjXijgZci aZh gZaVi^dch ^ciZgeZghdccZaaZh! dc edjhZ jcZ edhi^ gZ h^ dc Zhi edh" i^Zg! jc eVnhVc h^ dc Zhi eVnhVccZ eVgXZ fj¼dc Xdch^Y gV^i fj¼dc VkV^i igd^h lZZ`"ZcYh edjg igdjkZg jcZ [ZbbZ YVch aV hdX^ i gjgVaZ Yj Y Wji Yj h^ XaZ# A^hZo <j^aaVjb^c! dc VkV^i igd^h lZZ`"ZcYh Vj bVm^" bjb# AZ iZbeh d dc igVkV^aaV^i aZ Y^bVcX]Z | aV XVbeV\cZ! dc edj" kV^i eVh Vgg iZg aZh [ZcV^hdch edjg Xdjg^g aZh _ZjcZh ÄaaZh YdcX dc Zhi YVch jcZ \ d\gVe]^Z ig h Y^[[ gZciZ# :i YdcX dc Zhi a| YVch YZh WdjaZ" kZghZbZcih YZ hdX^ i h VWhdajbZci Xdch^Y gVWaZh Zi _Z eZchZ fj¼dc Zc V [dgX bZci XdchX^ZcXZ# ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a n VkV^i YZh gZci^Zgh · Zi _Z eZchZ fjZ XZ bjh Z V i [dcY gVeeZaZo"kdjh ^a n V XZci Vch eVg YZh gZci^Zgh! YZh Wdjg\Zd^h jgWV^ch fj^ cZ igVkV^aaV^Zci eVh Zi h¼^ah cZ igVkV^aaV^Zci )'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

eVh! X¼Zhi eVgXZ fjZ Y¼VjigZh igVkV^aaV^Zci '%% %%% ]ZjgZh# ?Z kdjh gVe" eZaaZ fjZ aV Yjg Z a \VaZ Yj igVkV^a Zc &-)- iV^i YZ &' ]ZjgZh! , _djgh eVg hZbV^cZ# ?Z kdjh gVeeZaaZ fjZ aZ Y^bVcX]Z c¼Zhi [ g^ fjZ YZej^h &.%+# ?jhiZ XdbbZ V# AZ hVbZY^! &.&,! aZh Xdc\ h eVn h! &.(+# 9dcX X¼Zhi eVh iZaaZbZci k^Zjm idji V# :i aZ \gVcY b g^iZ YZ aV G kdaji^dc [gVc" V^hZ fjZ kdjh hdjiZcZo idjh fjVcY b bZ! X¼Zhi aV hjeegZhh^dc YZh _djgh [ g^ h Zi YZh Y^bVcX]Zh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ eZgYgZ aZ Ygd^i | igVkV^aaZg idjh aZh _djgh! fj^ V fjVcY b bZ eZgb^h | aV eajeVgi YZh djkg^Zgh YZ egdYj^gZ aV G kdaji^dc ^cYjhig^ZaaZ Zc [V^hVci YZh hZbV^cZh YZ -%! .% ]ZjgZh# Kdjh kdnZo! HVg`don V WZVjXdje YZ bVg\Z# Kdjh kdnZo idjh XZh egdXZhhjh# 8dbbZci aZh cdgbZh Zi aZh kVaZjgh hdci"ZaaZh Xdchigj^iZh 4 Cdjh! dc VkV^i a¼^Y Z fj¼ZaaZh iV^Zci Xdchigj^iZh eVg aZ igVkV^a Zi ej^h | X i ^a n VkV^i aZh b^a^Zjm V^h h fj^ VaaV^Zci Vj anX Z ej^h ^ah dci kdjaj eZi^i | eZi^i Y bdXgVi^hZg XZh cdgbZh Zi XZh kVaZjgh! ^ah VaaV^Zci Vj bjh Z! ^ah VaaV^Zci Vj anX Z! ZiX# 6j_djgY¼]j^! VkZX kdh )%% %%% ]ZjgZh YZ iZbeh a^WgZ! kdjh VaaZo Vkd^g YZjm \gVcYh a^Zjm YZ egdYjXi^dc YZ cdg" bZh Zi YZ kVaZjgh# 8¼Zhi aV i a k^h^dc · kdjh VaaZo eVhhZg Zc bdnZccZ &%% %%% ]ZjgZh YZkVci aV i a k^h^dc# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ n Xdbeg^h cdjh aZh ^ciZaadh YZ \VjX]Z! dc gZ\VgYZ aZh XdccZg^Zh | aV i a XdbbZ aZh VjigZh Zi aZh eZi^iZh YVchZjhZh | bd^i^ cjZh fjVcY dc V g^Zc Y¼VjigZ | [V^gZ# 6adgh cZ Xgdndch eVh fj¼dc Zhi eajh bVa^c eVgXZ fj¼dc kV Vjhh^ Vj bjh Z# Dc V aZh b bZh XdchdbbVi^dch XjaijgZaaZh fjVcY b bZ# Dc n eVhhZ &%% %%% ]ZjgZh# vV kZji Y^gZ aV egdYjXi^dc YZh cdgbZh! YZh kVaZjgh! YZ a¼Zhi] i^fjZ° :i ej^h aZ YZjm^ bZ \gVcY a bZci! X¼Zhi aZ iZbeh a^WgZ! X¼Zhi aZh kVXVcXZh! X¼Zhi aV gZcXdcigZ# EVg ZmZbeaZ dc [V^i + %%% [d^h a¼Vbdjg! cdh \gVcYh"eVgZcih & %%% [d^h YdcX kdjh kdjh gZcYZo XdbeiZ aZ igVkV^a fjZ V gZeg hZciZ YZ igdjkZg YZh eVgiZcV^gZh! Wdc# :i YdcX aZ iZbeh! aZh igV_Zih g \ja^Zgh eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi eVh XZcigZ"e g^e] g^Z YVch aZh k^aaZh! X¼Zhi edjg V fj¼| EVg^h aZh b igdh bVgX]Zci bd^ch W^Zc eVgXZ fjZ XZh b igdh hdci XZc" igZ"e g^e] g^Z bV^h aZh VkZcijgZh VbdjgZjhZh ZmigVXdc_j\VaZh eZjkZci igZ igVchkZghVaZh ZcigZ YZjm fjVgi^Zgh! Zi YdcX dc V YZh egdWa bZh YZ igVchedgi fj¼dc cZ hV^i eVh \ gZg# 9dcX ^a [Vji hZ gZeg hZciZg idjiZ XZiiZ hdX^ i YVch hZh cdjkZVjm Zc_Zjm# :i hjgidji edjg hZ Y^gZ fjd^ 4 Edjg hZ Y^gZ fjZ aZh cdgbZh Zi aZh kVaZjgh! a¼^Y Z Yj 7ZVj! hdci Y¼VWdgY Xdchigj^ih eVg aV i a k^h^dc Zi eVg aZh iZbeh a^WgZh Zi cdiVbbZci eVg a¼^bV\^cV^gZ YZh kVXVcXZh# :i fjZ X¼Zhi YZ XZh \gVcYh ^bV\^cV^gZh"a| fjZ hZ gZXdchigj^hZci aZh kVaZjgh YZ cdh hdX^ i h! fjZ hZ g ^ci \gZ eVg ZmZbeaZ a¼^Y Z Yj igVkV^a# ?¼VkV^h Zmea^fj V | a¼Jbe! ^ah VkV^Zci eVh ig h W^Zc Xdbeg^h# BV^h aZ igVkV^a! ^a c¼Zhi eVh gZb^h Zc fjZhi^dc Zc iVci ('

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

fjZ iZa! bV^h eVg XdcigZ aZ igVkV^a Yd^i igZ VhhdX^ Vj eaV^h^g# >a Yd^i igZ VhhdX^ Vj gZheZXi! ^a cZ Yd^i eVh igZ VhhdX^ | a¼Vjidg^i ! V cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ fjZ aZh \Zch igVkV^aaZci bd^ch! Y¼V^aaZjgh ^ah egdYj^hZci cdg" b bZci Zi aV XjaijgZ X¼Zhi aV b bZ X]dhZ# AV XjaijgZ Yd^i h¼ gdi^hZg iZgg^WaZbZci! ZaaZ Yd^i gZcigZg YVch XZ bdcYZ Yj _Zj! Yj eaV^h^g! YZ aV [ iZ! XZ bdcYZ YZ a¼^cXZgiV^c! XZ bdcYZ YZ a¼ k cZbZci! XZ bdcYZ YZ a¼Va Vid^gZ! Zi eVh aZ bdcYZ YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi Yj W^Zc! YZ aV g \jaVg^i Zi YZ a¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc! X¼Zhi V aZ iZbeh cdj" kZVj# 8¼Zhi hV higjXijgZ fj^ Zhi Y^[[ gZciZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh [dgX bZci hZh kVaZjgh# 8¼Zhi hdc Va Vid^gZ! X¼Zhi hdc ^beg k^h^W^a^i # 8dbbZci WdjhXjaZg idjiZ XZiiZ XjaijgZ fj¼dc V Xdchigj^iZ 4 GZ\VgYZo XZh ZchZ^\cZbZcih! XZh anX Zh ZbbZgYVcih d dc Zc[ZgbZ cdh \Vb^ch# ;dgX bZci! ^ah cZ kZjaZci eVh YZ V! ^ah hdgiZci YZ aV i a Zi ej^h dc aZh Zc[ZgbZ! dc aZh Vhhd^i# Dc aZjg Y^i / ® Jk h[ij[i Wii_i ^k_j ^[k# h[i ¯ Zi XZ egd[ Zhi ZccjnZjm! dc iZ a¼V Ydcc eVgXZ fjZ ij c¼Zh eVh YVch jcZ hZXi^dc bVi] bVi^fjZ# 8¼Zhi jc bVjkV^h egd[ bV^h dc aZ \VgYZ fjVcY b bZ! X¼Zhi jc [dcXi^dccV^gZ# 8dbbZci kdjh kdjaZo fjZ aZ \Vb^c n gZcigZ / ® 9Ê[ij i h gkÊ_b \Wkj gk[ `Êo h[jekhd[ 5 ¯° ?Z hj^h egd" kdXViZjg bV^h _Z aZ [V^h Zmeg h# GZ\VgYdch XZ bdcYZ Zi XZh Y XVaV\Zh# 9dcX idjh XZh WdjaZkZghZbZcih Yj iZbeh! ^a ZcigV cZ YZh WdjaZkZghZ" bZcih YZ kVaZjgh! Zi XZ WdjaZkZghZbZci YZ kVaZjgh ^a ZcigV cZ fjZ aZh ZcigVcih YVch aV hdX^ i ! aZh _ZjcZh! aZh ^bb^\g h! · kdjh hVkZo fj¼^a n V hZei b^aa^dch YZ \Zch fj^ hdci Zcig h Zc ;gVcXZ YZej^h fjVgVciZ Vch! ^ah hdci eVh WZVjXdje YVch aV hVaaZ · YdcX idji V XdbbZci dc [V^i Zi XdbbZci dc hZ edhZ XZh fjZhi^dch 4 9Zjm^ bZ e^hiZ YZ g ÅZm^dc! YVch aZ b bZ dgYgZ jc eZj edjg kdjh hZXdjZg / a¼ZheVXZ# AZ iZbeh fj^ Wdj\Z V jc Z[[Zi cdgbZ hjg a¼ZheVXZ# 6jeVgVkVci _¼V^ Y^i fj¼dc k^kV^i YVch jc bdcYZ Xadh! bV^h Zchj^iZ dc n [V^i )* `^adb igZh eVg _djg Zi eVg ;gVc V^h# 9dcX &* edjg eVgi^g Zc lZZ`"ZcY Zi Zc kVXVcXZh! (% Vjidjg YZ hV bV^hdc# 6adgh X¼Zhi fjd^ jcZ XdbbjcZ! X¼Zhi fjd^ jcZ X^idnZccZi ! X¼Zhi fjd^ jc iZgg^id^gZ Y¼VeeVg" iZcVcXZ 4 7dc XZ c¼Zhi eVh h^beaZ# Dc [V^hV^i * `^adb igZh Zc bdnZccZ YVch aV ;gVcXZ YZ &.*%# 8dbbZ YVch aV ;gVcXZ YZ aV Xg Vi^dc Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h# * `^ad" b igZh! X¼ iV^i aZ iZgg^id^gZ cdgbVa YZ a¼djkg^Zg YVch hdc fjVgi^Zg! Yj eVnhVc YVch hdc k^aaV\Z# Dc Zhi eVhh | )* `^adb igZh eVg eZghdccZ! V kZji Y^gZ fj¼dc k^i YVch jc VgX]^eZa iZgg^idg^Va Zmig bZbZci Xdb" eaZmZ! fj¼dc b^\gZ YZ g \^dch Zc g \^dch# >a n V Zc bdnZccZ ) b^a" a^dch YZ ;gVc V^h fj^ X]Vc\Zci YZ g \^dch idjh aZh Y^m Vch# EVg ZmZb" eaZ YVch YZh g \^dch XdbbZ EgdkZcXZ"6aeZh"8 iZ"Y¼6ojg dc V -% %%% cdjkZVjm ]VW^iVcih eVg Vc# Dc Zhi | +% %%% Zc AVc\jZYdX# ?Z cZ ))

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

XdccV^h eVh aZ X]^[[gZ ^X^! bV^h ^a Yd^i igZ YZ b bZ cVijgZ# 9Zh k^aaZh XdbbZ BdcieZaa^Zg! kdjh VkZo ,* YZh \Zch fj^ c¼ iV^Zci eVh a| ^a n V igZciZ Vch# 8¼Zhi fjd^ jcZ hdX^ i adXVaZ 4 Fj^ ^ci \gZ fj^ YVch jcZ XjaijgZ adXVaZ 4 8dbbZci dc hZ edhZ XZ ineZ YZ fjZhi^dch 4 Cdc hZj" aZbZci n V aZh ,* b^aa^dch YZ idjg^hiZh ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm Ydci _¼V^ eVga ! aZh &-% b^aa^dch YZ kdnV\Zh YZh ;gVc V^h Zc ;gVcXZ# BV^h XZiiZ edej" aVi^dc fj^ hZ Y eaVXZ hZ Y eaVXZ | a¼^ci g^Zjg Yj iZgg^id^gZ cVi^dcVa YVch YZjm Y bVgX]Zh ZhhZci^ZaaZh# 6j bdbZci d dc [dgbZ aZh Xdj" eaZh! kZgh '-"'. Vch! Zi d dc kV b^\gZg kZgh jcZ g \^dc idjg^hi^fjZ fj^ cdjh V [V^i g kZg# AZ YZjm^ bZ bdbZci! X¼Zhi fjVcY dc egZcY hV gZigV^iZ Zi fj¼dc kV gZcigZg YVch jcZ VjigZ ad\^fjZ iZgg^idg^VaZ# 8dbbZci dc [dcXi^dccZ VkZX XZ ineZ YZ edejaVi^dc 4 FjZa Zhi aZjg ^bV\^cV^gZ 4 9Vch fjZa iZg" g^id^gZ ^YZci^iV^gZ ^ah hZ Y eaVXZci 4 IdjiZh XZh fjZhi^dch! dc Yd^i aZh gZ\VgYZg Zc eZgbVcZcXZ eVgXZ fj¼dc c¼Zhi eajh Yj idji YVch aV b bZ edejaVi^dc# Dc cZ eVgaZ fjZ Y¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zmi g^ZjgZ# BV^h X¼Zhi jc idji eZi^i egdWa bZ# :i fjVcY dc egZcY aV XVgiZ Yj ;gdci cVi^dcVa! jcZ XVgiZ eda^i^fjZ ig h ^ci gZhhVciZ# :aaZ hZ Xdgg aZ bVa VkZX a¼^bb^" \gVi^dc ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZ bV^h ig h W^Zc VkZX a¼^bb^\gVi^dc [gVcXd"[gVc" V^hZ# Fj^ ^ci \gZ fj^ Zc EgdkZcXZ"6aeZh"8 iZ"Y¼6ojg fjVcY +' YZh aZXiZjgh cZ hdci eVh c h YVch aV g \^dc 4 Fj^ ^ci \gZ fj^ 4 vV X¼Zhi jcZ ig h WdccZ fjZhi^dc 9dcX YVch kdigZ igVkV^a! k^YZbbZci ^a [Vji hZ edhZg XZ ineZ YZ fjZhi^dc# Fj¼Zhi"XZ fj¼dc Zc [V^i YZ idji V 4 8db" bZci Zhi"XZ fj¼Z[[ZXi^kZbZci dc Xdchigj^i XZiiZ ^Y Z! XZ g X^i Y¼VeeVg" iZcVcXZ | jc iZgg^id^gZ 4 8dbW^Zc Y¼ XdaZh [dci YZh Xdjgh hjg aZ iZgg^" id^gZ d ]VW^iZci aZh Zc[Vcih 4 9Vch XdbW^Zc Y¼ZcYgd^ih dc egZcY aZ iZbeh Y¼Zmea^fjZg Vjm Zc[Vcih fj^ hdci c h a|! | XZjm fj^ c¼n hdci eVh c h! | XZjm fj^ hdci a| YZej^h Y^m Vch! fj^ kdci gZeVgi^g YVch Y^m bd^h! a¼]^hid^gZ Yj a^Zj 4 HV igVY^i^dc! hZh kVaZjgh° FjVcY Zhi"XZ 4 CjaaZ eVgi! _VbV^h# A¼wYjXVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ cZ XdccV i fjVh^bZci eVh XZiiZ fjZhi^dc# 9dcX ^a cZ hj[Äi eVh YZ bZiigZ aV b bd^gZ YVch YZh a^Zjm he X^Va^h h! X¼Zhi XZgiV^cZbZci jcZ ig h WdccZ X]dhZ# 8dbbZci Zhi"XZ fj¼dc [V^i edjg VeegZcYgZ | jcZ edejaVi^dc bdW^aZ aZh iZgg^id^gZh d ZaaZ ]VW^iZ 4 IdjiZh XZh fjZhi^dch hdci k^" YZbbZci YZkVci cdjh! idji Zc kdnVci W^Zc Zc b bZ iZbeh fjZ aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Xdcdb^fjZ hZ adXVa^hZ YVch aZh g \^dch aZh eajh idj" g^hi^fjZh Zi kdjh aZ hVkZo ig h W^Zc | <gZcdWaZ# Kdjh VkZo X^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ aZ gVeedgi dj a¼Vcc Z d dc V Xg XZ a^Zj! X¼ iV^i a¼Vcc Z YZh _Zjm Danbe^fjZh Zi kdjh hVkZo ig h W^Zc fj¼Zc ;gVcXZ dc Xg Z aZ eajh Y¼ZcigZeg^hZh a| d ^a n V aZ eajh YZ g h^YZcXZh hZXdcYV^gZh# 8¼Zhi aV XVgiZ YZh g h^YZcXZh hZXdcYV^gZh fj^ cdjh YdccZ aV XVgiZ Yj Y kZadeeZbZci ()

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

Xdcdb^fjZ eVgXZ fjZ aV XVgiZ YZh a^Zjm V\g VWaZh | k^kgZ! X¼Zhi"|" Y^gZ XZjm Yj idjg^hbZ! Zi aZ Y aV^hhZbZci! X¼Zhi aZh VcX^ZccZh g \^dch ^cYjhig^ZaaZh# <g}XZ | kdjh! kdjh iZh Yj Wdc X i Yj bVcX]Z# :i Xdb" bZci Zhi"XZ fj¼dc VeegZcY | k^kgZ ZchZbWaZ YVch XZ ineZ YZ hdX^ " i h 4 8dbbZci dc gZ\VgYZ V 4 8dbbZci dc XdbegZcY fjZ aZh \Zch [dci X^idnZccZi eVg k cZbZci 4 KdnZo! XZiiZ Vcc Z X¼ iV^i W^Zc! dc VkV^i jcZ aZXi^dc eg h^YZci^ZaaZ! a¼Vcc Z YZgc^ gZ dc V Zj aV XdjeZ Yj bdcYZ YZ [ddi! ^a [VjYgV^i fj¼dc V^i fjZafjZ X]dhZ a¼Vcc Z egdX]V^cZ eVgXZ fj¼dc [V^i hdX^ i ZchZbWaZ eVg k cZbZci# BV^h aV hdX^ i adXVaZ cZ hV^i eVh [V^gZ k cZbZci# Fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ X¼Zhi fjZ aZ \gVcY k cZbZci hjg aV Y XZcc^Z hjg a¼>h gZ 0 V edjggV^i igZ eVgZ^a | BVg" hZ^aaZ! _Z Y^h V | <VjY^c! _Z aj^ Y^h / ® GkÊ[ij#Y[ gk_ i[ fWii[ } CWhi[_bb[ 5 h_[d ¯ Dc cZ [V^i eVh X^idnZccZi ZchZbWaZ! dc cZ eVgiV\Z eVh Y¼ k " cZbZci ZchZbWaZ! dc c¼V eVh YVi aZ iZbeh# 9Vch jcZ k^Z Vjhh^ adc\jZ! ^a [Vji YViZg aZ iZbeh# Kdjh VkZo [V^i fjd^ ^a n V X^cf Vch | Cd a! kdjh cZ edjkZo eVh bZ g edcYgZ# 9dcX! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ V V XdbbZ hZch 4 8dbbZ YVch cdh b^a^Zjm dc eVgi X^cf dj h^m [d^h eVg Vc Zc kVXVcXZh! eZcYVci ,* Vch dc hZgV eVgi^ )%% [d^h# 6j fjVig^ bZ kdnV\Z | KZc^hZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh XdbbZ aV egZb^ gZ [d^h# 8dbbZci Zhi"XZ fj¼dc _djZ hjg" idji h^ X¼Zhi aV igd^h^ bZ [ZbbZ# 9dcX XdbbZci Zhi"XZ fj¼dc b aVc\Z idji V Zi XdbbZci dc aZ gZXdchigj^i 4 ?¼V^ [V^i Zmeg h YZ kdjh [V^gZ g^gZ bV^h XZ fjZ _Z kdjh Y^h! V cZ [V^i eVh g^gZ eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi edjg V fjZ cdh hdX^ i h hdci Zc igV^c Y¼ XaViZg! fj¼dc Zhi eg^h eVg YZh ^Y dad" \^Zh cVi^dcVa^hiZh! YZh ^Y dad\^Zh m cde]dWZh! eVgXZ fjZ idji V dc c¼V eVh hj hZ aZ gVXdciZg Zi eVgXZ fjZ aV WdccZ XjaijgZ YZ \VjX]Z! fj^ Zhi bV egdegZ [Vb^aaZ! c¼V g^Zc Zj | Y^gZ dj eVh \gVcY"X]dhZ# 6adgh dc V aV^hh aZ Y hVggd^ h¼dg\Vc^hZg# 6adgh! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ _¼Zc hdgh Zc XdcXajh^dc 4 ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a n V YdcX | igVkV^aaZg hjg a¼^Y Z fjZ aZh a^Zjm Yd^kZci edgiZg a¼^YZci^i ! _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi ^bedgiVci Zi _Z Xgd^h fj¼dc Zhi YVch jc bdcYZ bdW^aZ# 6kVci X¼ iV^Zci YZh h YZciV^gZh Zi Vj [dcY aZ edj" kd^g X¼ iV^i XZaj^ YZh \Zch cdbVYZh! aZh Vg^hidXgViZh! aZh \^iVch! aZh b^a^" iV^gZh! aZh eg igZh! ^ah VkV^Zci jcZ [dgbZ YZ cdbVY^hbZ YVch jc iZgg^" id^gZ YZ h YZciV^gZh# AZ eZjeaZ cZ hZ Y eaV V^i eVh ej^hfjZ eajh ad^c X¼ iV^i eVgZ^a# Edjgfjd^ fj^iiZg hdc k^aaV\Z h^ aZ k^aaV\Z Y¼| X i iV^i hZbWaVWaZ 4 AV b^\gVi^dc Zhi jc e] cdb cZ fj^ Zhi a^ | a¼^Y Z fj¼| X i X¼Zhi Y^[[ gZci# :i iVci fj¼^a c¼n V eVh XZiiZ ^Y Z! ^a c¼n V eVh YZ b^\gVi^dch# :c XZ bdbZci! k^h^WaZbZci! Zc 6[g^fjZ ^ah eZchZci fj¼| X i X¼Zhi Y^[[ gZci# >a [Vji W^Zc gZXdccV igZ fj¼^ah c¼dci eVh [dgX bZci Xdbea iZbZci idgi! Y¼V^aaZjgh# :i YdcX fjVcY dc gZ\VgYZ V! dc Xdb" egZcY fjZ V [dcXi^dccZ YZ XZiiZ bVc^ gZ"a|# Cdjh dc Zhi eVhh | jc )+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

bdcYZ YZ bdW^a^i # vV kZji Y^gZ fj¼dc Zhi idjh YVch jc bdcYZ YZ bdW^a^i ! Zi eajh YVch a¼deedh^i^dc ZcigZ cdbVYZh Zi h YZciV^gZh# Hd^i dc hVjgV \ c gVa^hZg aZh bdW^a^i h! aZh dg\Vc^hZg! hd^i dc gZk^Zci | YZh hdX^ i h XZch^iV^gZh! X¼Zhi XZ fj¼dc Zhi Zc igV^c YZ [V^gZ VXijZaaZbZci# Kdjh Zi bd^ edjkdch VaaZg eVgidji hjg XZiiZ eaVc iZ Zi ej^h aZh VjigZh cZ eZjkZci eVh [V^gZ aV b bZ X]dhZ! X¼Zhi XZ fjZ _¼VeeZaaZ jcZ hdX^ i XZch^iV^gZ# :[[ZXi^kZbZci! dc V Xdccj V Vj M>MZ h^ XaZ! V V VbZc YZh g kdaji^dch Zc &-)- ZiX#! dc n Vgg^kZgV YZ aV b bZ bVc^ gZ# 9dcX a| dc Zhi hjg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc Y¼jc bdcYZ bdW^aZ fj^ Zhi g hZgk Vjm jch Zi eVh Vjm VjigZh# 8¼Zhi Vjhh^ aV ad\^fjZ Yj iZggdg^hbZ YVch aZh iZgg^id^" gZh idjg^hi^fjZh# 9dcX fjVcY dc kV Zc kVXVcXZh! ^a [Vji YZh Y^XiVijgZh b^a^iV^gZh edjg egdi \Zg cdh eaV\Zh! Y¼V^aaZjgh V bVgX]Z ig h W^Zc Zi h^ kdjh VaaZo Zc kVXVcXZh! kdjh V^bZo W^Zc 8jWV! aV Ijc^h^Z! ZiX# cdjh Vkdch YZh XVbVgVYZh hdaYVih edjg egdi \Zg cdh eaV\Zh Zi cdh WV^\cZj" hZh# 9dcX a| dc Zhi W^Zc# H^cdc X¼Zhi YVc\ZgZjm# Dj Vadgh dc eZji VaaZg Zc ;gVcXZ YVch aZh eVgXh cVijgZah g \^dcVjm! X¼Zhi ig h W^Zc Vjhh^# 9dcX a| dc Zhi hjg XZ ineZ YZ gVeedgi ZcigZ a^Zjm Zi iZgg^id^gZh# AV YZjm^ bZ X]dhZ! X¼Zhi XZiiZ ^Y Z fjZ aZh cdgbZh! aZh XdYZh Zi aZh kVaZjgh dci i gZadd` h eVg aV i a k^h^dc Zi eVg aZ iZbeh a^WgZ! cdiVb" bZci aZh kVXVcXZh! Zi fjZ X¼Zhi [VciVhi^fjZ# 8¼Zhi jc ® gZadd`V\Z ¯ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ# 8¼Zhi XZ fjZ _¼VeeZaaZ aV hdX^ i Yj WVgWZXjZ fj^ eZg" bZi Y¼Vkd^g cdgb bZci Y¼Vb^h! fj^ eZgbZi Vjm \Zch Y¼Vkd^g YZh bV^" hdch Xdbea iZbZci igVch[dgb Zh# AV bd^cYgZ YZh bV^hdch Zhi W^Zc eajh XjaijgZaaZ fj¼jc bjh Z# Dc V YZh a^kgZh! dc V aV i a k^h^dc! dc gZ d^i YZh Vb^h! dc bVc\Z YZ]dgh! dc V jc ed^ci Y¼ZVj edjg aZ \Vb^c# :i YdcX dc Zhi a| YVch jcZ hdX^ i Yj a^Zc eg^k fj^ V eg^h aV eaVXZ hjg aZ a^Zc ejWa^X Zi aV eg^kVi^hVi^dc YZh a^Zch hdX^Vjm Zi a¼Zmeadh^dc YZh a^Zch hdX^Vjm# Dc c¼V _VbV^h iVci [V^i a¼Vbdjg! _Z a¼V^ Y^i! dc c¼V _VbV^h iVci eVga 0 YZjm i^Zgh YZ cdh Y eaVXZbZcih hdci | Wji V[[ZXi^[# 6adgh V[[ZXi^[ V kZji Y^gZ eVgZcih! Zc[Vcih! bV igZhhZh! ZiX# 8dbbZ dc V fjV" igZ \ c gVi^dch! dc V YZh eVgZcih 0 aV eajeVgi Y¼ZcigZ cdjh Vkdch YZh eVgZcih# Cdjh Vkdch YZh Zc[Vcih! YZh eZi^ih"Zc[Vcih! idji XZaV higjXijgZ aZ X¶jg YZ cdigZ hdX^ i ! X¼Zhi YZ a¼V[[ZXi^dc! X¼Zhi aV eg^kVi^hVi^dc Yj a^Zc hdX^Va# 8¼Zhi XZiiZ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ bdW^a^i YZh ]dbbZh YVch aZjgh V[[ZXi^dch! YVch aZjgh hZci^bZcih Zi _Z eZchZ fj¼dc V igde iZcYVcXZ | bZiigZ YZhhjh jc Y^hXdjgh c \Vi^[ VkZX jcZ eVgi^Z YZ aV hdX^ i fj^ Zhi ZmXajZ YZ XZ egdXZhhjh# >a n V '% YZh \Zch fj^ hdci ZmXajh YZ XZiiZ eg^" kVi^hVi^dc Yj a^Zc hdX^Va# N Xdbeg^h jcZ eVgi^Z YZ XZjm fj¼dc V^YZ# Dc aZh V^YZ edjg aZh bZiigZ YVch YZh W}i^bZcih =ab! ZiX# d ^ah c¼VXX YZ" gdci eVh | XZiiZ hdX^ i YZ aV eg^kVi^hVi^dc Yj a^Zc hdX^Va! YZh ad\ZbZcih d dc eZji gZXZkd^g! YZ a¼ZheVXZ Zmi g^Zjg ZiX# :i Z[[ZXi^kZbZci ^ah (+

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

kdci gZhiZg YVch aZh k^aaZh# 8dbbZ dc Y^i! dc bZi aZh eVjkgZh Zc ]Vj" iZjg YVch YZh idjgh edjg edjkd^g hZ g eVcYgZ Vjidjg YZh k^aaZh YVch cdh _VgY^ch# :[[ZXi^kZbZci X¼Zhi XdbbdYZ edjg Y \V\Zg YZ a¼ZheVXZ# :i YdcX a| dc Zhi hjg YZh egdXZhhjh YZ WdjaZkZghZbZci hjg aZhfjZah ^a [Vji fj¼dc g Å X]^hhZ WZVjXdje# 8dbbZci aV XjaijgZ Yd^i gZcigZg 4 Cdc eVh igZ XdcigZ aV i a dj aZ idjg^hbZ! V c¼V eVh Y¼^ci g i! bV^h gZegZcYgZ! XdbegZcYgZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZh a bZcih fj^ gZcYZci XZ \ZcgZ YZ X]dhZh ViigVXi^kZh YZ [V dc | XZ fjZ aZh bdcYZh cZ hd^Zci eVh Vjhh^ Xdje h fj¼^ah aZ hdci# :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc VWhd" ajbZci ZhhZci^ZaaZ eVgXZ fjZ h^ kdjh kdjaZo dc Zhi Zc igV^c VXijZaaZ" bZci YZ Xg Zg XZiiZ c^X]Z · _¼V^ XdbbZcX a|"YZhhjh Vj Y Wji · XZ fjZ _¼VeeZaaZ XZiiZ ig^Wj YZh XdchdbbViZjgh YZ XjaijgZ! idjh hnbeVi]^" fjZh! X]ZkZjm a \ gZbZci adc\h! ZiX# Dc eZji igdjkZg YZh iVh YZ kZX" iZjgh Zmi g^Zjgh YZ h^\cZh YZ g^X]ZhhZ YZ XZiiZ XdbbjcVji ! hZh a^Zjm YZ kVXVcXZh! ZiX# BV^h aV fjZhi^dc X¼Zhi XdbbZci dc kV b aVc\Zg V! bVg^Zg V VkZX aZh cdjkZVjm XdYZh Zi aZh kVaZjgh fj^ hdci egdYj^iZh | a¼^ci g^Zjg YZ XZ bdcYZ! Zi _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc Zmig bZ" bZci ^bedgiVciZ# :i edjg XdcXajgZ bdc ^ciZgkZci^dc jc eZj egdkdXVig^XZ bV^h eVh iVci fjZ V! _Z eZchZ egd[dcY bZci XZ fjZ _Z Y^h! b bZ h^ _¼ZhhVnZ YZ kdjh hZXdjZg jc eZi^i eZj# AV fjZhi^dc fj^ Zhi edh Z X¼Zhi XdbbZci gZ[V^gZ YZ aV Xg Vi^dc YZh bdnZch Y¼ XaV^gZg a¼VkZc^g Yj bdcYZ# :i a¼VkZc^g Yj bdcYZ [V^i iZaaZbZci eZjg fjZ aZh \Zch gZX]ZgX]Zci edjg a¼ZhhZci^Za YVch aZ eVhh aZh bdnZch YZ hZ gVhhjgZg# GZ\VgYZo YVch cdh hdX^ i h XZ fj^ hZ eVhhZ# Fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ [dci aZh a^iZh hdX^VaZh 4 :aaZh kdci ]VW^iZg YVch aZh X¶jgh ]^hidg^fjZh YZh k^aaZh Zi YVch aZh k^aaV\Zh | a¼Zmi g^Zjg YZh k^aaZh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YVch aZh a^Zjm YZ eVig^bd^cZ# :i fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ [dci aZh Y [Vkdg^h h 4 :] W^Zc dc aZh bZi ZcigZ aZh YZjm# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YVch aZh =ab Vjidjg YZh e g^e] g^fjZh! YVch aV k^aaZ YZh Vcc Zh +%! YVch XZaaZ fj^ c¼V eajh YZ b bd^gZ ej^hfjZ V V i aV k^aaZ djkg^ gZ Xdchigj^iZ edjg YZh djkg^Zgh egdYjXi^[h fj^ hdci eVgi^h# AZh jh^cZh hdci eVgi^Zh! ^a c¼n V eajh Y¼jh^cZh dj ig h eZj! ZcÄc ^a c¼n V eajh Y¼jh^cZh! ^a n V WZVjXdje bd^ch Y¼jh^cZh! ^a c¼n V eajh YZ \gVcYZh jh^" cZh XjaijgZaaZh# 9dcX dc Zhi a| YVch jc WdjaZkZghZbZci Zmig bZbZci egd[dcY# >a [Vji YdcX hZ gZedhZg aZh fjZhi^dch / fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ V kZji Y^gZ Y bdXgVi^hZg YVch XZiiZ h^ijVi^dc 4 ?Z cZ hV^h eVh# :c idji XVh _Z Xgd^h fjZ V cZ kZji eajh Y^gZ \gVcY"X]dhZ! iZa fj¼dc a¼V idj_djgh [V^i# :hi"XZ fjZ V kZji Y^gZ Z[[ZXi^kZbZci hZ edhZg YZ cdjkZaaZh bVc^ gZh! gZ\Vg" YZg XZiiZ hdX^ i VjigZbZci! Xdchigj^gZ aZ g X^i YZh a^Zjm 4 8¼Zhi fjd^ aZ Wdc a^kgZ hjg Andc 4 ?Z kdjYgV^h a^gZ jc a^kgZ edjg XdbegZcYgZ )-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Andc! kdjh bZ XdchZ^aaZo fjd^ 4 ?Z egZcYh Andc Vj ]VhVgY! _Z edjg" gV^h Y^gZ BVghZ^aaZ! ZiX# 8¼Zhi fjd^ a¼dW_Zi XjaijgZa 4 ?Z hZgV^h Zc >iVa^Z! idji aZ bdcYZ Y^hXjiZgV^i / ® ?b \Wkj b_h[ W ikh C_bWd" ded YÊ[ij bk_" [jY# ¯ :c ;gVcXZ! ^a Zm^hiZ aZ a^kgZ edjg aZh Zc[Vcih fj¼dc YdccZ Vjm Zc[Vcih YZ fjVigZ"X^cf Vch hjg <gZcdWaZ! ^ah dci [V^i jc eZi^i a^kgZ W^Zc [V^i hjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ <gZcdWaZ Zc YZhh^c Vc^b ! fj¼dc aZjg d[[gZ XdbbZ V 4 vV Zm^hiZ XZ egdYj^i 4 EZji" igZ | <gZcdWaZ V Zm^hiZ! _Z cZ XdccV^h eVh YdcX _Z cZ Y^h eVh fj¼^a c¼Zm^hiZ eVh bV^h ^a n V eaZ^c Y¼ZcYgd^ih d ^a c¼Zm^hiZ eVh# 9dcX XdbbZci Zhi"XZ fj¼Z[[ZXi^kZbZci XZiiZ ^YZc" i^i Yj iZgg^id^gZ dc Zc [V^i YZh dW_Zih XjaijgZah! XZh dW_Zih XjaijgZah dc kV aZh bVg^Zg VkZX XZ fjZ _Z k^Zch YZ Y^gZ hjg aV igVch[dgbVi^dc YZh XdYZh XjaijgZah! YZh kVaZjgh ZiX# 4 8dbbZci dc kV [V^gZ idji V! Zi XdbbZci Vj [dcY dc kV gZ[V^gZ YZ aV XjaijgZ · XZ fj¼dc VeeZaV^i cdjh aV XjaijgZ · jc bdnZc Y¼ XaV^gZg a¼VkZc^g Yj bdcYZ# 8dbbZci Zhi" XZ fjZ aZh [dgbZh YZ YZbV^c dc kV aZh kd^g 4 ?Z eZchZ fj¼dc Zhi edjg a¼^chiVci YVch jcZ \gVcYZ Y hdg^ZciVi^dc Zi Yj Xdje XZ fj¼dc V VeeZa aV XjaijgZ c¼ XaV^gZ eZji" igZ eajh ig h W^Zc a¼VkZc^g Zi X¼Zhi eZji" igZ edjg V fj¼Vj [dcY dc V iVci YZ bVa | aV Y bdXgVi^hZg# Kd^a| X¼Zhi jc eZj gjYZ bV^h X¼Zhi XZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h Y^gZ Zc ^cigdYjXi^dc# ?ZVc <j^WVa BZgX^ ?ZVc K^VgY YZ XZh egdedh Zi idji VjiVci Yj idc fjZ kdjh VkZo ji^" a^h edjg cdjh ^ck^iZg | g Å X]^g hjg cdh egVi^fjZh# 8¼Zhi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci jc eZj egdkdXVci Zi ^a n V WZVjXdje YZ X]dhZh eZhh^b^hiZh YVch kdh egd" edh! bV^h ^a n Vjhh^ fjZafjZ Zhed^g ej^hfjZ kdjh igVXZo jcZ hdgiZ YZ kd^Z gdnVaZ edjg aZh bjh Zh# :i idji eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci edjg aZh bjh Zh edg" iZjgh YZh ^YZci^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh! XZ fjZ hdci idjh cdh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # Dc Zc Y WViigV idji | a¼]ZjgZ# ?Z cZ kdjh eg hZciZ eVh Da^k^Zg 9dccVi# Idjh XZjm fj^ dci | Y^g^\Zg YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh a^hZci! kd^gZ ijY^Zci! B[i fhWj_gk[i Ykbjkh[bb[i Z[i <hWd W_i VkZX WZVjXdje YZ hd^c# >a Zhi kgV^ fjZ aZh X]^[[gZh fj¼^a cdjh YdccZ cZ hdci eVh idj_djgh ig h g _dj^hhVcih# >ah c¼Zc hdci eVh bd^ch ^cY^h" eZchVWaZh Zi a¼dc cZ eZji fjZ hVajZg XZ igVkV^a Y¼dWhZgkVi^dc Zi Y¼ kVajV" i^dc YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh fj^ Zhi XdcYj^i YZej^h YZ adc\jZh Vcc Zh | igVkZgh aZ 9 eVgiZbZci YZh ijYZh! YZ aV egdheZXi^kZ Zi YZh hiVi^hi^fjZh Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ#

(-

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

wkdaji^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi \ c gVi^dch Da^k^Zg 9dccVi 9 eVgiZbZci YZh ijYZh! YZ aV egdheZXi^kZ Zi YZh hiVi^hi^fjZh! b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi YZ aV 8dbbjc^XVi^dc

?¼V^bZgV^h VWdgYZg a¼ kdaji^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh hdjh a¼Vc" \aZ YZh \ c gVi^dch Zc eVgiVci Y¼jc XdchiVi h^beaZ / aV eajeVgi YZh bjiVi^dch hjgkZcjZh YVch aZ YdbV^cZ XjaijgZa Vj Xdjgh YZh YZgc^ " gZh Y XZcc^Zh dci i edgi Zh eVg aZh _ZjcZh# Fj¼dc eVgaZ YZ XjaijgZ n n XdbbZ Vj Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh +%! YZ XjaijgZ _ZjcZ dj YZ XjaijgZ VYdaZhXZciZ! eZj ^bedgiZ aZ iZgbZ ji^a^h ! idjh aZh g hjaiVih Y¼Zcfj iZ aZ XdcÄgbZci / aZh _ZjcZh dci jc jc^kZgh XjaijgZa he X^ÄfjZ! YZh Xdb" edgiZbZcih Zi YZh eg [ gZcXZh fj^ aZh Y^hi^c\jZci YZh VYjaiZh# >a n V jc g^hfjZ | eg hZciZg aZh X]dhZh V^ch^! XZaj^ YZ [V^gZ XdbbZ h^ XZh he X^ÄX^i h iV^Zci a^ Zh Vj [V^i Y¼ igZ _ZjcZ! VjigZbZci Y^i iV^Zci ViiVX] Zh | jc bdbZci Yj XnXaZ YZ k^Z / fjVcY dc eVgaZ YZ ® XjaijgZ _ZjcZ ¯! dc V iZcYVcXZ | eZchZg ^bea^X^iZbZci fjZ aZh igV^ih h^c\ja^Zgh YZ aV _ZjcZhhZ kdci h¼Z[[VXZg VkZX a¼VkVcX Z Zc }\Z Zi fj¼jcZ [d^h YZkZ" cjh VYjaiZh! aZh _ZjcZh kdci gZigdjkZg YZh \d ih Zi YZh XdbedgiZbZcih eajh Xdc[dgbZh | XZjm YZ aZjgh eVgZcih# EgZcdch eVg ZmZbeaZ aZ XVh YZh Y^hXdjgh fj^ dci i iZcjh YVch aZ YdbV^cZ bjh^XVa YZej^h aV HZXdcYZ <jZggZ bdcY^VaZ# AV g VXi^dc YZh VYjaiZh V i | eZj eg h idj_djgh aV b bZ / aZ _Voo V i eg hZci YVch aZh Vcc Zh YZ hdgi^Z YZ \jZggZ XdbbZ jcZ bjh^fjZ YZ hVjkV\Zh! aZ gdX` | aV Äc YZh Vcc Zh *% c¼V eVh Yj idji i eg^h Vj h g^Zjm Zc ;gVcXZ · gVeeZadch fjZ aZ egZb^Zg Y^hfjZ YZ gdX` V i a¼¶jkgZ YZ 7dg^h K^Vc Zi =Zcg^ HVakVYdg fj^ VkV^Zci [V^i jcZ Zhe XZ YZ eVgdY^Z YZh egZb^Zgh hjXX h Vb g^XV^ch · VkVci Y¼ igZ g Yj^i | aV bdYZ Yj n "n ! Zi g XZbbZci ZcXdgZ! dc V dWhZgk | eZj eg h aV b bZ X]dhZ adgh YZ a¼Vgg^k Z YZ aV iZX]cd# ² X]VfjZ [d^h! dc V djWa^ fjZ aZh Z[[Zih Y¼}\Z hdci Vjhh^ YZh Z[[Zih YZ \ c gVi^dc / XZ fj¼dc VeegZcY dj XZ fj¼dc V^bZ fjVcY dc V k^c\i Vch cZ Y^heVgV i fj¼VkZX a¼VkVcX Z Zc }\Z! XZaV V YZh Z[[Zih YjgVWaZh idji Vj adc\ YZ aV k^Z# EdjgiVci! XZgiV^cZh kd^m h¼ iV^Zci aZk Zh Y h a¼ bZg\ZcXZ Yj gdX` Vj Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh +% edjg egdedhZg jcZ VjigZ aZXijgZ YZh kdaj" i^dch Zc Xdjgh# :Y\Vg Bdg^c cdiVbbZci [ji aZ egZb^Zg Zc ;gVcXZ VkZX aV ejWa^XVi^dc YZ BÊ;ifh_j Zk j[cfi Zi hjgidji aV ejWa^XVi^dc Y¼jc Vgi^" XaZ YVch B[ CedZ[ Vj aZcYZbV^c YZ aV egZb^ gZ bVc^[ZhiVi^dc gdX` Zc ;gVcXZ · aZ '& _j^c &.+(! &*% %%% _ZjcZh h¼ iV^Zci g jc^h | EVg^h! eaVXZ YZ aV CVi^dc! edjg XdjiZg ?d]ccn =VaanYVn Zi Xdchdgi · d ^a hdja^\cV^i a¼^bedgiVcXZ XjaijgZaaZ Yj gdX`# Jc VjigZ hdX^dad\jZ! fj^ c¼Zhi eVh cdc eajh g eZgidg^ XdbbZ iZa Vj 8cgh! X¼Zhi 7dW 9naVc fj^! YVch )/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

a¼VaWjb YZ +) J_c[i Wh[ Y^Wd]_d] Y^i ig h XaV^gZbZci! XdbbZ jc kgV^ hdX^dad\jZ! fjZ XZ fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ hZ eVhhZg Xdchi^ijZ jc k g^iVWaZ e] cdb cZ YZ \ c gVi^dc Zi fjZ aZh e gZh [ZgV^Zci W^Zc YZ [V^gZ ViiZc" i^dc | XZ fjZ [dci aZjgh Zc[Vcih eVgXZ fjZ aZjg bdcYZ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ WVhXjaZg YVch aZ eVhh # ?¼V^bZgV^h YdcX bdcigZg ^X^ fjZ XZ fj^ Zhi Xdch^Y g XdbbZ jc e] cdb cZ egdegZ Vjm _ZjcZh · ]^Zg YVch aZ YdbV^cZ bjh^XVa! Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch XZaj^ YZh _Zjm k^Y dh! YZh Wad\h dj YZh Hbh · Zhi Zc g Va^i hdjkZci jc e] cdb cZ YZ \ c gVi^dc# AZ gZXja Ydci dc Y^hedhZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ eVg gVeedgi | a¼ bZg\ZcXZ YZ aV XjaijgZ _ZjcZ YVch aZh Vcc Zh +% aZ bdcigZ ig h XaV^gZbZci# Cdjh Vkdch aV X]VcXZ Zc ;gVcXZ! Zc Z[[Zi! YZ Y^hedhZg YZ fjVigZ Zcfj iZh hjg aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh YZej^h aZ Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh ,%! XZ fj^ eZgbZi YZ Xg Zg XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ jc ehZjYd"eVcZa edjg hj^kgZ a¼ kdaji^dc YZh XdbedgiZbZcih YZh Y^[[ gZciZh \ c gVi^dch Vj Äa YZ aZjg VkVcX Z Zc }\Z / V^ch^ eVg ZmZbeaZ! dc eZji kd^g XdbbZci aZh XdbedgiZbZcih YZh XWXo#Xeec[hi · b bZ h^ XZ cZ hdci eVh aZh b bZh eZghdccZh fj^ dci i ^ciZggd\ Zh YVch aZh fjVigZ Zcfj iZh · dci kdaj Vj Äa Yj iZbeh!

Y¼jcZ Zcfj iZ | a¼VjigZ# FjZ cdjh VeegZccZci XZh g hjaiVih Y¼Zcfj iZ fjVcY dc aZh VcVanhZ hdjh a¼Vc\aZ YZh \ c gVi^dch 4 8dbbZc dch eVg gVeeZaZg fjZ a¼ kdaji^dc aV eajh heZXiVXjaV^gZ Zc bVi^ gZ YZ ad^h^gh Vj Xdjgh YZh YZgc^ gZh Y XZcc^Zh gZhiZ a¼Vj\bZc" iVi^dc Xdch^Y gVWaZ YZ aV Yjg Z Y¼ XdjiZ YZ aV i a k^h^dc# 8ZiiZ VXi^" k^i V iZcYVcXZ | Vj\bZciZg VkZX a¼}\Z / XdcigV^gZbZci | XZ fjZ WZVj" Xdje eZchZci! aZh eZghdccZh }\ Zh hdci XZaaZh fj^ gZ\VgYZci aZ eajh aZ eZi^i XgVc Zi XZaV YZej^h idj_djgh 0 aZh _ZjcZh dci idj_djgh i XZjm fj^ aj^ XdchVXgZci aZ bd^ch YZ iZbeh 0 bV^h eVg XdcigZ X]VfjZ cdj" kZaaZ \ c gVi^dc Zhi Vgg^k Z | a¼}\Z VYjaiZ YVch aZh Vcc Zh -% dj .% VkZX jc c^kZVj YZ Y eVgi eajh aZk fjZ XZaj^ YZh eg X YZciZh! XZ fj^ [V^i fjZ aV Yjg Z \adWVaZ Y¼ XdjiZ YZ aV i a k^h^dc V b XVc^fjZbZci Vj\" bZci # E] cdb cZ fjVci^iVi^[ [dcYVbZciVa fj^ V VWhdgW a¼ZhhZci^Za Yj iZbeh a^WgZ a^W g eVg aV g YjXi^dc Yj iZbeh YZ igVkV^a! bV^h Vjhh^ e] cdb cZ fjVa^iVi^[ Zmig bZbZci ^bedgiVci XVg aZh _ZjcZh \ c gV" i^dch fj^ hdci c Zh VkZX 8VcVa dj B+ cZ gZ\VgYZci eVh aZh b bZh X]V cZh YZ i a k^h^dc fjZ aZh \ c gVi^dch eg X YZciZh Zi cZ gZ\VgYZci eVh aZh egd\gVbbZh YZ aV b bZ [V dc# ?¼VkV^h Xg^i jc eZi^i Vgi^XaZ | aV Äc YZh Vcc Zh -% hjg a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ aV i a XdbbVcYZ fj^ VkV^i [V^i hdjg^gZ XVg! a| ZcXdgZ! aZh VYjaiZh VkV^Zci Yj bVa | ^bV\^cZg fjZ XZi dji^a hdbbZ idjiZ WVcVa ej^hhZ egd[dcY bZci igVch[dgbZg aZh bVc^ gZh YZ gZ\VgYZg aV i a k^h^dc# :i edjgiVci! aZh \ c gVi^dch fj^ )%

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

hdci c Zh VkZX dci jc gVeedgi | aV i a k^h^dc Y^[[ gZci YZ XZaj^ YZh eZg" hdccZh }\ Zh fj^ hZ XdciZciZci Zc \ c gVa Y¼VeejnZg hjg aZjg i a Xdb" bVcYZ Vj bdbZci Y¼VaajbZg aZjg edhiZ / ^a Zhi YZ eajh Zc eajh Xdj" gVci X]Zo aZh _ZjcZh YZ gZ\VgYZg a¼ XgVc Zc XdjeVci aZ hdc dj Zc [V^hVci VjigZ X]dhZ! dj Y¼ XdjiZg aZ hdc hVch gZ\VgYZg a¼^bV\Z! ZiX#! h^ W^Zc fjZ aZh [dgbZh YZ XdchdbbVi^dc Y^higV^iZ YZ aV i a k^h^dc dci iZcYVcXZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ | hZ \ c gVa^hZg X]Zo aZh VYjaiZh | bZhjgZ fjZ aZh \ c gV" i^dch c Zh YVch aZh Vcc Zh ,%"-% k^Z^aa^hhZci# EgZcdch jc VjigZ ZmZbeaZ edjg W^Zc [V^gZ XdbegZcYgZ aV [dgXZ YZh e] cdb cZh \ c gVi^dccZah Vj_djgY¼]j^ | a¼¶jkgZ / aZh _Zjm k^Y dh# Idji aZ bdcYZ eZchV^i YVch aZh Vcc Zh -%! n Xdbeg^h aZh egd[Zhh^dc" cZah Yj hZXiZjg! fj¼^a h¼V\^hhV^i Y¼jcZ egVi^fjZ g hZgk Z | a¼VYdaZhXZcXZ 0 dg! ^a V W^Zc [Vaaj VYbZiigZ Vj Äa Yj iZbeh fjZ aZh VYdaZhXZcih YZkZ" cjh edhi"VYdaZhXZcih dj b bZ _ZjcZh e gZh YZ [Vb^aaZ Xdci^cjV^Zci | _djZg VkZX aZjgh ]Wc[Xeoi dj h¼ fj^eV^Zci YZ cdjkZaaZh XdchdaZh! Y¼d aZ hjXX h VXijZa YZh h[jhe]Wc[i! XZh egZb^Zgh _Zjm YZ a¼ gZ ^c[dgbVi^fjZ fj^ dci Vj_djgY¼]j^ aZ X]VgbZ YZ aV cdhiVa\^Z# 9Z b bZ YVch aZ YdbV^cZ bjh^XVa! XZ fj¼dc VkV^i VeeZa YVch aZh Vcc Zh -% aZ ® Wddb bjh^XVa ¯! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ a¼^bedgiVcXZ Xgd^hhVciZ YZ aV bjh^fjZ YVch cdigZ fjdi^Y^Zc! Zhi VkVci idji jc e] cdb cZ \ c gVi^dccZa# 8Z fj^ iV^i g hZgk cV\j gZ | jcZ eZi^iZ b^cdg^i YZ b adbVcZh Zi | aV e g^dYZ VYdaZhXZciZ Zhi YZkZcj jcZ egVi^fjZ Xdb" bjcZ / V^ch^ eVg ZmZbeaZ! aV egdedgi^dc YZ eZghdccZh XdjiVci idjh aZh _djgh YZ aV bjh^fjZ V Vj\bZci Vj Xdjgh YZh YZgc^ gZh Y XZcc^Zh VkZX X]VfjZ cdjkZaaZ \ c gVi^dc! X]VfjZ cdjkZaaZ kV\jZ Y¼VYdaZh" XZcih Vgg^kVci VkZX jc c^kZVj Y¼ XdjiZ hje g^Zjg | aV eg X YZciZ# :i W^Zc ZciZcYj! aZh \ZcgZh YZ bjh^fjZ Xdji h dci Vjhh^ egd[dcY bZci kdaj / Y h aV Äc YZh Vcc Zh -%! dc VkV^i dWhZgk eVg ZmZbeaZ fjZ XZjm fj^ VkV^Zci Xdji Yj gdX` eZcYVci aZjg _ZjcZhhZ Xdci^cjV^Zci | aZ [V^gZ! jcZ [d^h YZkZcjh VYjaiZh! b bZ h¼^ah iV^Zci bd^ch ® eVh" h^dcc h ¯# 9Vch a¼Zcfj iZ hjg aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh YZh ;gVc V^h YZ &.-.! cdjh Vk^dch b^h Zc k^YZcXZ aV [dgiZ Xdgg aVi^dc fj^ Zm^hiV^i ZcigZ a¼}\Z YZh eZghdccZh Zi aZjgh \d ih bjh^XVjm! idj_djgh ig h bVgfj h eVg aZh \gVcYh hjXX h YZ aZjg VYdaZhXZcXZ# 9¼V^aaZjgh! aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZ hiVi^dch ;b XdbbZ CdhiVa\^Z dj YZ XZgiV^cZh b^hh^dch YZ i a k^" h^dc _djZ eaZ^cZbZci YZ XZiiZ ad\^fjZ! YZ b bZ fjZ aZh XdcXZgih g igd VkZX YZh X]VciZjgh dj YZh \gdjeZh YZh Vcc Zh +% Zi ,% fj^ gZbea^hhZci 7ZgXn Zi VjigZh hVaaZh# AV bdci Z Zc ej^hhVcXZ YZ a¼VjY^dk^hjZa · i a k^h^dc! _Zjm k^Y dh! bjh^fjZ · fjZ cdjh kZcdch Wg^ kZbZci Y¼ kdfjZg VeeVgV i YdcX aVg" \ZbZci XdbbZ jc e] cdb cZ \ c gVi^dccZa a^ Vj [V^i fjZ YZej^h aV *'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Äc YZh Vcc Zh ,%! X]VfjZ cdjkZaaZ \ c gVi^dc Zhi Vgg^k Z | a¼}\Z VYjaiZ VkZX jc c^kZVj YZ XdchdbbVi^dc hje g^Zjg | XZaaZ fj^ aV eg X YV^i# 8ZX^ c¼Zhi eVh hVch gVeedgi VkZX aZ gZaVi^[ Y Xa^c YZ aV aZXijgZ dWhZgk Vj Xdjgh YZ aV b bZ e g^dYZ# FjVcY dc gZ\VgYZ aZh g hja" iVih Y¼Zcfj iZ! Zc Z[[Zi! YZjm iZcYVcXZh \adWVaZh hZ Y \V\Zci / aV WV^hhZ YZ aV aZXijgZ fjdi^Y^ZccZ YZ egZhhZ VeeVgV i XdbbZ jc bdjkZbZci Xdci^cj YZej^h aZh Vcc Zh ,% Zi -%! XZ fj^ ^cY^fjZ ig h XaV^gZbZci fjZ a¼VeeVg^i^dc YZ aV egZhhZ \gVij^iZ dj aV Y^[[jh^dc Y¼>ciZgcZi cZ hdci eVh | a¼dg^\^cZ YZ XZ e] cdb cZ b bZ h¼^ah dci ej Xdcig^WjZg | a¼Vb" ea^ÄZg 0 Zi aV fjVci^i YZ a^kgZh ajh V \VaZbZci WV^hh g \ja^ gZbZci! ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci eVgXZ fjZ aZh _ZjcZh \ c gVi^dch XdbeiZci YVch aZjgh gVc\h bd^ch YZ [dgih aZXiZjgh fjZ aZh \ c gVi^dch eg X YZciZh# 8ZiiZ WV^hhZ ZcgZ\^hig Z YVch aZh Zcfj iZh hjg aV aZXijgZ gZckd^Z | YZh X]Vc\ZbZcih Z[[ZXi^[h YZ XdbedgiZbZcih bV^h Vjhh^ edjg eVgi^Z | jcZ XZgiV^cZ Y hVXgVa^hVi^dc Yj a^kgZ fj^ [V^i fjZ aZh _ZjcZh \ c gV" i^dch dci Vj_djgY¼]j^ bd^ch YZ hXgjejaZh fjZ aZjgh V c Zh | VkdjZg fj¼ZaaZh a^hZci eZj YZ a^kgZh! kd^gZ eVh YZ a^kgZh Yj idji# Eajh^Zjgh Zcfj iZh YZ cVijgZ fjVa^iVi^kZ XdcÄgbZci fj¼^a c¼Zhi eVh Vjhh^ Y^[Ä" X^aZ fj¼dc aZ eZchV^i · Zi fjZ aZ edhijaV^i aV hdX^dad\^Z YZ aV a \^i^b^i XjaijgZaaZ · Y¼VkdjZg fj¼dc Zhi eZj Vii^g eVg aV aZXijgZ YZ a^kgZh Zi fj¼dc aj^ XdchVXgZ eZj YZ iZbeh YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ hZh ad^h^gh# 6jigZ" bZci Y^i! aZh _ZjcZh a^hZci bd^ch YZ a^kgZh fjZ aZjgh V c h Vj b bZ }\Z Zi hdci egdWVWaZbZci eajh ® ]dcc iZh ¯ fj¼Zjm Vj bdbZci YZ Y XaVgZg | jc Zcfj iZjg aZ cdbWgZ YZ a^kgZh fj¼^ah dci ajh Vj Xdjgh YZh &' YZgc^Zgh bd^h° 8ZX^ cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ · Zhi"^a WZhd^c YZ aZ eg " X^hZg 4 · fj¼^ah cZ a^hZci eajh# >a hj[Äi YZ gVeeZaZg aZ hjXX h g XZci YZ aV egZhhZ \gVij^iZ Vjeg h YZh _ZjcZh dj aZjg Zc\djZbZci edjg =Vggn Edi" iZg edjg bdcigZg fj¼dc cZ eZji hZ XdciZciZg Zc bVi^ gZ YZ aZXijgZ YZh Y^hXdjgh ZmXZhh^kZbZci g YjXiZjgh fjZ i^ZccZci XZgiV^ch hjg aV ® Xg^hZ YZ aV aZXijgZ ¯# Hdja^\cdch | XZ egdedh _jhiZ jc ed^ci / aZ [V^i fj¼dc a^hZ YVch a¼Zc" hZbWaZ YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch YZ a^kgZh cZ kZji eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci Y^gZ fj¼dc a^i YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch! X¼Zhi | Y^gZ fjZ cdh VXiZh YZ aZXijgZ hd^Zci eajh ZheVX h dj eajh ZmXZei^dccZah# :c Z[[Zi! jc YZh e] cdb cZh bV_Zjgh YZ XZh YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh! X¼Zhi _jhiZbZci fjZ cdjh k^kdch jcZ Y^hhdX^Vi^dc a^kgZ$aZXijgZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ YZ eajh Zc eajh YZ cdh VXiZh YZ aZXijgZ hZ [dci hjg jc VjigZ hjeedgi fjZ aZ a^kgZ! | hVkd^g a¼ XgVc 0 dc eZji ig h W^Zc a^gZ bd^ch YZ a^kgZh idji Zc a^hVci eajh# 6_djidch eVg V^aaZjgh fjZ aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Y¼>ciZgcZi hZ igVYj^i eVgVYdmVaZbZci eVg jc XZgiV^c gZidjg | a¼ Xg^ijgZ ej^hfj¼| igVkZgh aV \ c gVa^hVi^dc YZh Xdjgg^Zah fj^ iZcYZci | hZ hjWhi^ijZg Vjm XdckZghVi^dch i a e]dc^fjZh! )'

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

dc gZigdjkZ aZ X]Zb^c YZ a¼ Xg^i! b bZ h^ X¼Zhi YVch jcZ aVc\jZ fj^ c¼Zhi eVh XZaaZ YZh X]Vc\Zh e^hidaV^gZh Yj M>MZ h^ XaZ° 9dcX hdndch ig h egjYZcih fjVcY dc kdfjZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV WV^hhZ YZ aV aZXijgZ X]Zo aZh _ZjcZh / aZ egdWa bZ Yj a^kgZ c¼Zhi eVh XZaj^ YZ aV aZXijgZ! c^ XZaj^ YZ a¼ Xg^i# AV YncVb^fjZ \ c gVi^dccZaaZ Zhi \VaZbZci ig h cZiiZbZci eZg" XZei^WaZ YVch aV Y^[[jh^dc g XZciZ YZh egVi^fjZh VbViZjgh / aZh _ZjcZh YZh Vcc Zh ,% Zi -% dci Y XdjkZgi jcZ dj eajh^Zjgh VXi^k^i h Vgi^hi^" fjZh YVch YZh egdedgi^dch cZiiZbZci hje g^ZjgZh Vjm \ c gVi^dch eg " X YZciZh! YVch aZ XVYgZ hXdaV^gZ dj YVch aZh iVWa^hhZbZcih he X^Va^" h h · eZchdch Vj hjXX h YZh XdaZh YZ bjh^fjZ Zi XdchZgkVid^gZh · bV^h Vjhh^ hdjkZci hZjah dj Zc \gdjeZ# AZ hjXX h YZh Wad\h eVg ZmZbeaZ! Ydci eVgaZci WZVjXdje Vj_djgY¼]j^ aZh b Y^Vh! cZ [V^i fjZ egdadc\Zg Zi Vbea^ÄZg jc e] cdb cZ fj^ iV^i dWhZgkVWaZ VkVci a¼Vgg^k Z Y¼>c" iZgcZi! | hVkd^g aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZ a¼ Xg^ijgZ! cdiVbbZci YZ _djg" cVjm ^ci^bZh# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ ?ZVc K^VgY bZ Y bZci^gV! bV^h cdb" WgZjm hdci aZh Y^iZjgh fj^ gZ d^kZci YZh i bd^\cV\Zh dj g X^ih YZ k^Z YZ aV eVgi YZ eZghdccZh fj^ hdj]V^iZci ejWa^Zg aZjgh iZmiZh YZ hdjkZ" c^gh# AZ WZhd^c YZ hZ gVXdciZg dj YZ h¼Zmeg^bZg Xdchi^ijZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ jcZ iZcYVcXZ [dgiZ Y¼ kdaji^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! Ydci idji aV^hhZ eZchZg fj¼ZaaZ kV Xdci^cjZg | h¼Vbea^ÄZg YVch aZh Vcc Zh | kZc^g Zc a^V^hdc VkZX XZ fj¼^a Zhi XdckZcj Y¼VeeZaZg! edjg VaaZg k^iZ! aV bdc" i Z YZ a¼^cY^k^YjVa^hbZ# 8ZiiZ egd\gZhh^dc YZh egVi^fjZh VbViZjgh Zhi ^bedgiVciZ | YdjWaZ i^igZ eVg gVeedgi Vjm XdcXZei^dch igVY^i^dccZaaZh YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi YZ aV eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ# ?Z bZ XdciZciZgV^h Y¼^cY^fjZg YZjm ed^cih! Vj g^hfjZ Y¼ igZ jc eZj hX] bVi^fjZ# 9¼VWdgY! aZ [V^i fjZ YZ eajh Zc eajh YZ eZghdccZh! YVch aZh _ZjcZh \ c gVi^dch! V^Zci Zj jc XdciVXi VkZX aZh egVi^fjZh VbViZjgh Vj bdbZci YZ a¼Zc[VcXZ dj YZ a¼VYdaZhXZcXZ YZkgV^i hZ igVYj^gZ egZhfjZ VjidbVi^fjZbZci YVch aZh Vcc Zh fj^ k^ZccZci eVg jcZ Vj\bZciVi^dc YZ aV egVi^fjZ | a¼}\Z VYjaiZ! cdiVb" bZci Vjm }\Zh YZ aV k^Z d aZh XdcigV^ciZh YZ iZbeh YZk^ZccZci bd^ch [dgiZh! eVg ZmZbeaZ fjVcY aZh Zc[Vcih hdci aZk h dj Vj bdbZci YZ aV gZigV^iZ# G^hfjZ YdcX YZ hZ edhZg VkZX jcZ VXj^i VXXgjZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV [dgbVi^dc dj YZ a¼^c^i^Vi^dc Vjm egVi^fjZh VbViZjgh idji Vj adc\ YZ aV k^Z! Zi ^a [Vji W^Zc VkdjZg fj¼dc gZigdjkZ | eZj eg h aZh b bZh Y^[" ÄXjai h fjZ YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZ aV [dgbVi^dc eZgbVcZciZ / WZVjXdje Y¼ XdaZh YZ bjh^fjZ eVg ZmZbeaZ hdci Vj_djgY¼]j^ ZcXdgZ dg\Vc^h Zh | eVgi^g YZ a¼^Y Z fj¼jc VeegZci^hhV\Z ig h eg XdXZ Zhi jcZ YZh XdcY^" i^dch YZ aV g jhh^iZ! XZ fj^ aZh eaVXZ YVch a¼^cXVeVX^i | g edcYgZ | aV YZbVcYZ YZ [dgbVi^dc bVcVci Y¼VYdaZhXZcih dj Y¼VYjaiZh# *)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

EVg V^aaZjgh! ^a Xdck^Zci YZ cdiZg fjZ a¼Zcig Z YVch aZ bdcYZ YZh VbViZjgh hZ [V^i aZ eajh hdjkZci hjg aZ bdYZ YZ a¼VjidY^YVm^Z! hZja dj Zc \gdjeZ! VkZX Zc \ c gVa jc gVeedgi | a¼VeegZci^hhV\Z VhhZo gVY^XV" aZbZci Y^[[ gZci YZ XZaj^ fj^ Ydb^cZ YVch aZh XdaZh# Dc eZji eVgaZg Y¼jc bdYZ Y¼Zcig Z YVch aV egVi^fjZ eVg a¼Zme g^bZciVi^dc / YVch aZ YdbV^cZ bjh^XVa eVg ZmZbeaZ! dc Zme g^bZciZ hd^"b bZ VkVci YZ hZ gZcYgZ XdbeiZ kZcijZaaZbZci fj¼dc Zhi Wadfj YVch hV egd\gZhh^dc eVgXZ fj¼dc cZ XdccV i eVh W^Zc aZh VXXdgYh dj fj¼dc hV^i eVh Y X]^[" [gZg aV bjh^fjZ! Zi fj¼^a [Vji eVg Xdch fjZci VeegZcYgZ aZ hda[ \Z# Dc Vhh^hiZ YdcX | jcZ hdgiZ Y¼^ckZgh^dc Yj egdXZhhjh e YV\d\^fjZ fj^! igV" Y^i^dccZaaZbZci! [V^i YZ a¼VXfj^h^i^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh Zi YZ hVkd^g" [V^gZ jc eg VaVWaZ | aV egVi^fjZ Zi jcZ XdcY^i^dc YZ a¼VXX h Vj eaV^h^g / VeegZcYgZ aZ hda[ \Z VkVci YZ Y Xdjkg^g aZ eaV^h^g YZ _djZg° Idjh aZh eVgZcih fj^ hZ hdci Y _| igdjk h VkZX jc Zc[Vci YZkVci jc cdjkZVj ad\^" X^Za dj jc cdjkZa VeeVgZ^a aZXigdc^fjZ Yd^kZci hVkd^g YZ fjd^ _Z eVgaZ! XVg ^ah dci ej XdchiViZg fj¼^a Zm^hiZ W^Zc YZjm bVc^ gZh YZ [V^gZ! a¼Vc" X^ZccZ fj^ Xdch^hiZ | gZX]ZgX]Zg aZ bdYZ Y¼Zbead^! aZ a^gZ ej^h eVhhZg | aV egVi^fjZ jcZ [d^h fj¼dc V aZ hZci^bZci Y¼Zc bV ig^hZg aZ XdciZcj! Zi aV cdjkZaaZ · XZaaZ YZh VYdaZhXZcih Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ · fj^ hZ igVYj^i eVg a¼Zme g^bZciVi^dc ^bb Y^ViZ hVch gZXdjgh Vj bdYZ Y¼Zbead^# FjZ gZiZc^g YZ XZ gVe^YZ hjgkda YZh eg^cX^eVaZh kdaji^dch XdchiV" i Zh Vj eaVc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh 4 6kVci idji fjZ cdh gVeedgih | a¼Vgi Zi | aV XjaijgZ dci egd[dcY bZci kdaj Vj Xdjgh YZh igZciZ YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh hdjh a¼Z[[Zi YZ ej^hhVcih bdjkZbZcih \ c gVi^dc" cZah Zi fjZ idjh aZh X]Vc\ZbZcih fj^ VkV^Zci i Veeg ]ZcY h XdbbZ jcZ cdjkZaaZ bVc^ gZ YZ k^kgZ hV _ZjcZhhZ dci Zj! Zc g Va^i ! YZh Z[[Zih ig h YjgVWaZh hjg aZh XdbedgiZbZcih XjaijgZah YZh VYjaiZh# 9¼jcZ XZg" iV^cZ bVc^ gZ! aZh VYjaiZh Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ gZhiZci YZh VcX^Zch _ZjcZh fj^ XdchZgkZci Yj iZbeh YZ aZjg _ZjcZhhZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼]VW^ijYZh VXfj^hZh Vj bdbZci YZ a¼VYdaZhXZcXZ# EVgiVci YZ a|! dc edjggV^i Y^gZ / ® H_[d Z[ d[k\ ieki b[ ieb[_b" Y[bW W jek# `ekhi [n_ij $ B[i `[kd[i i[ iedj jek`ekhi [cfWh i Z[i _ddelWj_edi" Z[i dek# l[Wkn ceZ[i ZÊ[nfh[ii_ed [j YÊ[ij ZÊW_bb[khi W_di_ gk[ bW ieY_ j lebk[$ ¯ ?Z cZ Xgd^h eVh fj¼dc ej^hhZ hZ XdciZciZg YZ XZ ineZ YZ Y^hXdjgh! Zi _¼V^bZ" gV^h bdcigZg fjZ aZh X]Vc\ZbZcih fjZ cdjh XdccV^hhdch YZej^h aZh Vcc Zh ,% Zi fj^ hdci Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zc igV^c YZ h¼Vbea^ÄZg ZmX YZci ig h aVg\ZbZci aZ egdXZhhjh cdgbVa YZ gZcdjkZaaZbZci YZh \ c gVi^dch# :c g Va^i ! edjg XdbegZcYgZ aV ej^hhVcXZ YZh Z[[Zih \ c gVi^dccZah Vj_djgY¼]j^ | a¼¶jkgZ! ^a [Vji gZ\VgYZg aV hdX^ i [gVc V^hZ XdbbZ a¼VY" Y^i^dc YZ fjVigZ \ c gVi^dch ® egdYj^iZh ¯ YVch YZh XdcY^i^dch ig h Y^[" [ gZciZh Zi idjX] Zh! | YZh YZ\g h Y^kZgh Zi | YZh bdbZcih Y^[[ gZcih ))

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

YZ aZjg k^Z! eVg aZh ^ccdkVi^dch iZX]cdad\^fjZh fj^ dci igVch[dgb aZh XdcY^i^dch Y¼VXX h | a¼Vgi Zi aV XjaijgZ Vj Xdjgh YZh igZciZ YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh# 8ZaaZ YZ a¼VkVci"\jZggZ V \gVcY^ YVch jc bdcYZ d g^Zc cZ kZcV^i XdciZhiZg aV hjeg bVi^Z YZ a¼^beg^b ! V Y XdjkZgi aV i a k^h^dc | jc }\Z Y _| VkVcX ! Zi Zhi gZhi Z VhhZo aVg\ZbZci | a¼ XVgi Yj ® Wddb bjh^XVa ¯ Zi V [dgi^dg^ YZ aV g kdaji^dc cjb g^fjZ 0 XZaaZ YZh XWXo#Xee# c[hi V i aV egZb^ gZ | egdÄiZg YZ a¼djkZgijgZ Yj hnhi bZ hXdaV^gZ Zi Yj Y kZadeeZbZci YZh ^cYjhig^Zh XjaijgZaaZh Zi V edgi aV XdcigZ"Xja" ijgZ YZh Vcc Zh +% VkVci YZ Xdcig^WjZg | hV a \^i^bVi^dc 0 XZaaZ YZh (%")* Vch Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ V W c ÄX^ YZ a¼Vbea^ÄXVi^dc YZ XZh b bZh e] cdb cZh · bVhh^ÄXVi^dc YZ a¼VXX h | a¼ZchZ^\cZbZci hje g^Zjg! Y^kZgh^ÄXVi^dc YZ a¼d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ a^ Z | aV bdci Z Zc ej^hhVcXZ YZ a¼VjY^dk^hjZa Zi Vjm Z[[Zih YZ aV eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ bZc Z Vj idjg" cVci YZh Vcc Zh -% 0 Zi ZcÄc! aV ® \ c gVi^dc >ciZgcZi ¯! XZaaZ YZh _ZjcZh Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ fj^ dci ^ci \g Y h aZjg eajh _ZjcZ }\Z aZh ediZci^Va^i h d[[ZgiZh eVg >ciZgcZi Zi aV g kdaji^dc cjb g^fjZ# Cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh eVga Y¼>ciZgcZi XZ bVi^c! Zi _Z kdjYgV^h YdcX Y^gZ fjZafjZh bdih hjg a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ XZ ® b Y^V | idji [V^gZ ¯ Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ \ c gVi^dccZa! b bZ h^ cdjh bVcfjdch ZcXdgZ YZ gZXja edjg _j\Zg YZ hdc ^beVXi g Za hjg aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# Dc V WZVjXdje eVga XZh YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh YZ [gVXijgZ cjb g^fjZ# AZh ^c \Va^i h Y¼VXX h hdci Zc ;gVcXZ idj_djgh eZch Zh Zc iZgbZh iZg" g^idg^Vjm Zi eajh ZcXdgZ hdX^Vjm! Vadgh fjZ aZh XVgih XdchiVi h Vj eaVc YZ a¼ fj^eZbZci dj YZ a¼jhV\Z Y¼>ciZgcZi hdci VkVci idji Y¼dgYgZ \ c " gVi^dccZa / aZh _ZjcZh dci jcZ egVi^fjZ bVhh^kZbZci g eVcYjZ! fjd" i^Y^ZccZ edjg aV bd^i^ YZh VYdaZhXZcih! Vadgh fjZ aZh gZigV^i h hdci gZhi h VhhZo aVg\ZbZci | a¼ XVgi Yj egdXZhhjh Y¼ fj^eZbZci# AZh _Zj" cZh ^ciZgcVjiZh dci jc jhV\Z eajh [g fjZci Zi eajh Y^kZgh^Ä ! VkZX jcZ eg Y^aZXi^dc edjg aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc ^ciZgeZghdccZaaZ! aZh _Zjm Zi aZ eVgiV\Z dj aZ i a X]Vg\ZbZci YZ bjh^fjZ! Äabh Zi k^Y dh# >ah hZ Y^[" [ gZcX^Zci Vjhh^ YZh VYjaiZh eVg aZjg XVeVX^i | egdÄiZg Yj XVgVXi gZ bjai^i}X]Z YZ a¼dgY^cViZjg# FjVcY ^ah hdci YZkVci a¼ XgVc! ^ah [dci aZ eajh hdjkZci eajh^Zjgh X]dhZh Zc b bZ iZbeh / XdjiZg YZ aV bjh^fjZ idji Zc ® X]ViiVci ¯ Zi idji Zc [V^hVci eVg V^aaZjgh hZh YZkd^gh Xdchi^" ijZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ jcZ Xdbe iZcXZ a bZciV^gZ fjZ Y i^Zci idji Xdaa " \^Zc YZ WVhZ! Wdc dj bVjkV^h a kZ° >a [Vji W^Zc kd^g Zc Z[[Zi fjZ XZ fj^ VeeVgV i Vjm nZjm YZh VYjaiZh XdbbZ jcZ [dgbZ YZ ® XjaijgZ oVee^c\ ¯ Xdchi^ijZ Vjhh^ jcZ g ZaaZ Xdbe iZcXZ! fjZ WZVjXdje Y¼Zc" igZ Zjm cZ edhh YZci eVh# >a hj[Äi YZ kd^g a¼Vc\d^hhZ fjZ eZji gZhhZci^g jc _ZjcZ gZigV^i VnVci [V^i a¼VXfj^h^i^dc Y¼jc b^Xgd fjVcY ^a Y Xdj" kgZ a¼djkZgijgZ Y¼jcZ YZjm^ bZ dj igd^h^ bZ [Zc igZ hjg a¼ XgVc YZ *+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

hdc b^Xgd dj aV Y^heVg^i^dc WgjiVaZ Yj XdciZcj Yj iZmiZ fj¼^a VkV^i hdjh aZh nZjm° Idji XZ fj^ Zhi idiVaZbZci WVcVa edjg aZh \ c gVi^dch VnVci \gVcY^ VkZX aV i a XdbbVcYZ Zi aV hdjg^h YZ a¼dgY^cViZjg Yd^i [V^gZ a¼dW_Zi Y¼VeegZci^hhV\Z edjg XZaaZh Ydci a¼ YjXVi^dc iV^i egZhfjZ ZmXajh^kZbZci XZcig Z hjg aZ bdcYZ Yj a^kgZ# >a [Vji idj_djgh X]ZgX]Zg | kd^g XZ fj¼^a eZji n Vkd^g YZ edh^i^[ YVch aZh kdaji^dch Zc Xdjgh Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ YZh \ c gVi^dch fj^ Vgg^kZci! edjg k^iZg YZ aZh ^ciZgeg iZg jc^fjZbZci Zc iZgbZh YZ bVcfjZ dj YZ Y eZgY^i^dc eVg gVeedgi | aV h^ijVi^dc eg X YZciZ# :c b bZ iZbeh! ^a cZ [Vji eVh idbWZg YVch aZ e^ \Z hnb ig^fjZ fj^ Xdch^hiZ | egZcYgZ edjg Vg\Zci XdbeiVci aZ Y^hXdjgh YZ XZjm fj^ eVgaZci YZ ® g kdaji^dc cjb g^fjZ ¯ hVch VjXjcZ b^hZ Zc eZgheZXi^kZ! Zi X¼Zhi edjgfjd^ a¼Ve" edgi YZh ]^hidg^Zch Zhi h^ ^bedgiVci# ?Z bZ g [ gZ WZVjXdje eZghdc" cZaaZbZci | XZ fj¼V Xg^i Gd\Zg 8]Vgi^Zg! \gVcY he X^Va^hiZ YZ a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ a¼^beg^b Zi YZ aV aZXijgZ! fjVcY ^a V[ÄgbZ fjZ aV gjeijgZ fjZ cdjh hdbbZh Zc igV^c YZ k^kgZ VkZX >ciZgcZi Zhi Vj bd^ch YZ aV b bZ ^bedgiVcXZ fjZ XZaaZ fj^ V VXXdbeV\c a¼^ckZci^dc YZ a¼^beg^bZg^Z# Edjgfjd^ 4 9¼VWdgY! eVgXZ fjZ XZ cdjkZVj ® b Y^V | idji [V^gZ ¯ Veegd[dcY^i aV Xg^hZ YZh b Y^ViZjgh Zi YZh ^ciZgb Y^V^gZh XjaijgZah# Dc VkV^i hdja^\c Y _| YVch aZh Vcc Zh -% fjZ aZh VeeVgZ^ah Zi cdiVbbZci aZh VeeVgZ^ah cdbVYZh · dc eVgaV^i Vadgh hjgidji Yj WVaVYZjg · eZgbZiiV^Zci jcZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Y^gZXiZ ZcigZ aZh VYdaZhXZcih Zi aZh XdciZcjh XjaijgZah! Zi gZcYV^Zci Yj b bZ Xdje ig h Y^[ÄX^aZ aV bV ig^hZ eVg aZh eVgZcih Zi eajh \ c gVaZbZci eVg aZh VYjaiZh Yj XdciZcj Zi Yj bdYZ Y¼ XdjiZ / iVci fjZ aZh VYdaZhXZcih XdjiV^Zci aV bjh^fjZ hjg jcZ X]V cZ =^"Ä! b bZ h¼^ah iV^Zci YVch aZjg X]VbWgZ! aZjgh eVgZcih edjkV^Zci a¼Zc" iZcYgZ Zi ^ciZgkZc^g! eVg ZmZbeaZ h^ aZ c^kZVj hdcdgZ iV^i igde aZk # 6kZX aZ lVa`bVc! a¼Vjidcdb^Z YZ aV XjaijgZ _jk c^aZ YZk^Zci idiVaZ / dc cZ hV^i eVh XZ fj¼^ah XdjiZci Zi dc cZ hV^i eVh XdbbZci ^ah a¼ Xdj" iZci# :i VkZX aV bjh^fjZ cjb g^fjZ Zi aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Y¼>ciZgcZi! XZ egdXZhhjh V Xdccj jcZ VXX a gVi^dc WgjiVaZ! Y¼VjiVci fjZ · _Z k^Zch YZ a¼ kdfjZg · aV Xdbe iZcXZ Zhi eaji i YZ aZjg X i ^a hj[Äi YZ eZc" hZg Vj Y hVggd^ YZ XZgiV^ch eVgZcih Vj bdbZci Y¼^chiVaaZg aZh egdX " YjgZh YZ Xdcig aZ eVgZciVa hjg aZ b^Xgd [Vb^a^Va° # 7gZ[! aZ bdjkZ" bZci Y¼V[[gVcX]^hhZbZci YZ aV XjaijgZ _jk c^aZ | a¼ \VgY YZh VYjaiZh Zhi Vj_djgY¼]j^ eajh gVY^XVa fjZ _VbV^h# AZh ^ciZgb Y^V^gZh Vj hZch Xdcdb^fjZ Yj iZgbZ hdci \VaZbZci idjX] h YZ eaZ^c [djZi! YVch aV bZhjgZ d >ciZgcZi gZcY Vj bd^ch ediZci^ZaaZbZci edhh^WaZ a¼jide^Z hjg aVfjZaaZ gZedhZ aV i] dg^Z Xd" cdb^fjZ! | hVkd^g aV gZcXdcigZ hedciVc Z! hVch ^ciZgb Y^V^gZ! ZcigZ )+

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

jcZ d[[gZ Zi jcZ YZbVcYZ# AZ Y kZadeeZbZci ig h gVe^YZ YZ XZ cdj" kZVj b Y^V YVch aZh eVnh Y kZadee h Zi aV cjb g^hVi^dc YZh XdciZcjh [dci fjZ idjh aZh iZmiZh! idjiZh aZh bjh^fjZh! idjiZh aZh h g^Zh i a k^h Zh! idjh aZh Äabh! ZiX#! hdci | edgi Z YZ c¼^bedgiZ fjZa XdchdbbViZjg d fj¼^a hd^i hjg aV eaVc iZ 0 aZh ¶jkgZh XdbbZ aZh Y e X]Zh Y¼V\ZcXZ hdci Y^hedc^WaZh Y¼jc h^beaZ Xa^X# 9 h adgh! aV edh^i^dc YZ idjh aZh ^ciZgb " Y^V^gZh XjaijgZah! fj¼^a h¼V\^hhZ YZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZ a¼^cYjhig^Z Yj Y^h" fjZ dj YZh \gVcYh Y^hig^WjiZjgh he X^Va^h h! bV^h Vjhh^ YVch jcZ XZg" iV^cZ bZhjgZ YZh W^Wa^di] XV^gZh! Xg^i^fjZh! ZiX#! hZ igdjkZ [gV\^a^h Z# AZ edjkd^g YZh ZmeZgih Zi egZhXg^eiZjgh V iZcYVcXZ | gZXjaZg# Eajh^Zjgh hdX^dad\jZh ^ch^hiZci hjg aZ [V^i fjZ cdjh hdbbZh Zc igV^c YZ eVhhZg VkZX >ciZgcZi Zi aZ LZW#' Y¼jcZ igVchb^hh^dc eaji i kZgi^XVaZ · hVch [V^gZ Yj bVjkV^h AVXVc · YZh e gZh | jcZ igVchb^hh^dc WZVjXdje eajh ]dg^odciVaZ ZcigZ eV^gh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ ZcigZ eZghdccZh YZ b bZ \ c gV" i^dc! YZ b bZ b^a^Zj dj YZ b bZ dg^\^cZ! ZiX# 7ZVjXdje Y¼Zcfj iZh aZ bdcigZci / Zc bVi^ gZ XjaijgZaaZ XdbbZ V^aaZjgh! aV XdcÄVcXZ eaV" X Z YVch aZh ZmeZgih V iZcYVcXZ | gZXjaZg Vj egdÄi YZ XZaaZ VXXdgY Z | YZh eZghdccZh egdX]Zh! eVgiV\ZVci aZh b bZh \d ih! WgZ[ YZh ® hZbWaV" WaZh ¯# 9db^c^fjZ EVhfj^Zg eVg ZmZbeaZ! fj^ V WZVjXdje igVkV^aa hjg aZh VYdaZhXZcih! eVgaZ | aZjg egdedh YZ ingVcc^Z YZ aV bV_dg^i edjg Zmea^fjZg aV Xdc[dgb^i YZ aZjgh eg [ gZcXZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi VcVan" hZg XZ eVgVYdmZ h^ [dgi Vj_djgY¼]j^ YZ aV XdchigjXi^dc ^YZci^iV^gZ fj^ Xdch^hiZ | kdjad^g gZhhZbWaZg Vjm VjigZh edjg igZ hd^"b bZ / aZh VYd" aZhXZcih dci aZ hZci^bZci Y¼Zmeg^bZg aZjg h^c\jaVg^i dj aZjg eZghdc" cVa^i egd[dcYZ Zc h^c\ZVci aZjg kZYZiiZ eg [ g Z YZ aV IjWh 7YWZ[co dj Zc h¼Va^\cVci hjg aZh \d ih YZ aZjg \gdjeZ Y¼Vb^h# A¼VjigZ ed^ci fjZ _Z kdjaV^h kdfjZg eVg gVeedgi | >ciZgcZi XdcXZgcZ aV fjZhi^dc fj^ h¼ iV^i Y _| edh Z YVch aZh Vcc Zh *% dj +% | egdedh YZ aV i a k^h^dc Zi fj^ gZk^Zci | X]VfjZ [d^h fj¼jc cdjkZVj b Y^V VeeVgV i / YVch fjZaaZ bZhjgZ hV Y^[[jh^dc bZi"ZaaZ Zc e g^a aZh VcX^ZccZh egV" i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh dj aZh VcX^Zch bdYZh Y¼VXX h | aV XjaijgZ 4 Dc hV^i fj¼jc cdjkZVj b Y^V cZ hZ hjWhi^ijZ _VbV^h idiVaZbZci Vjm b Y^Vh eg X YZcih / aV i a k^h^dc c¼V eVh ij aV gVY^d c^ aV egZhhZ YZ b bZ fjZ aZ X^c bV! fjVcY ^a Zhi Vgg^k ! c¼V eVh ij aV e]did\gVe]^Z! fj^ ZaaZ" b bZ c¼VkV^i eVh ij aV eZ^cijgZ 0 | X]VfjZ [d^h! dc Vhh^hiZ cdc eVh | jcZ Y^heVg^i^dc bV^h | jcZ gZY Äc^i^dc YZ aV eaVXZ YZh VcX^Zch b Y^Vh dj YZh VcX^ZccZh VXi^k^i h Vj egdÄi Y¼jc cdjkZa fj^a^WgZ# 9Vch aZ XVh Y¼>ciZgcZi! aV hZjaZ X]dhZ fj¼dc eZji Y^gZ Vj_djgY¼]j^! XdbeiZ iZcj Yj eZj YZ gZXja Ydci dc Y^hedhZ! X¼Zhi fjZ hV Y^[[jh^dc g edcY eaji i | jcZ ad\^fjZ Yj Xjbja / aZh eZghdccZh fj^ hZ hdci fj^e Zh dci YVch a¼ZchZbWaZ jc egdÄa VhhZo egdX]Z YZ XZaj^ YZh ® ejWa^Xh YZ aV XjaijgZ ¯ 0 *-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

^ah hdci eaji i Y^ea b h! _ZjcZh X a^WViV^gZh dj Zc XdjeaZ VkZX YZh Zc[Vcih dj VYdaZhXZcih! eaji i jgWV^ch ZiX#! VkZX aZ eajh hdjkZci jc c^kZVj Y¼Zc\V\ZbZci bdnZc dj aZk YVch aZ YdbV^cZ XjaijgZa# Dc eZji eZchZg fjZ XZiiZ ad\^fjZ Yj Xjbja kV igdjkZg hZh a^b^iZh Zi fj¼VhhZo gVe^YZbZci kV hZ Y kZadeeZg jcZ g ZaaZ XdcXjggZcXZ eVg gVeedgi Vjm YZjm gZhhdjgXZh gVgZh fjZ hdci YVch cdh hdX^ i h a¼Vg\Zci Zi aZ iZbeh / Vj eaVc ÄcVcX^Zg! ^a Zhi Y¼dgZh Zi Y _| VXfj^h fjZ a¼Vj\bZc" iVi^dc YZh Y eZchZh Zc bVi^ gZ YZ i a e]dc^Z Zi Y¼VWdccZbZci >ciZg" cZi c¼Zhi eVh hVch gZaVi^dc VkZX aV WV^hhZ YZh VX]Vih YZ Y^hfjZh! ^cY " eZcYVbbZci YZh fjZhi^dch YZ i a X]Vg\ZbZci 0 Zi Vj eaVc YZh Zbead^h Yj iZbeh! dc cZ eZji fjZ cdiZg fjZ aZh ]dbbZh YZh _ZjcZh \ c gVi^dch fj^ hdci aZh eajh ^bea^fj h YVch aV ® XjaijgZ YZ a¼ XgVc ¯ dci Zc eVgi^Z Y h^ckZhi^h XZgiV^cZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! | XdbbZcXZg eVg aV aZXijgZ YZ a^kgZh / | }\Z \Va! ^ah gZ\VgYZci eajh aV i a k^h^dc fjZ aZh [ZbbZh! _djZci eajh Vjm _Zjm k^Y d Zi dci jc jhV\Z Y¼>ciZgcZi eajh Vhh^Yj Zi eajh Y^kZgh^Ä ! Zi XZ c¼Zhi eVh jc ]VhVgY h^ YVch aZ b bZ iZbeh aV eaj" eVgi YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh igVY^i^dccZaaZh dci iZcYVcXZ | hZ [ b^c^" hZg# 9Z eajh! b bZ h^ dc gZ[jhZ YZ eZchZg Zc iZgbZh YZ XdcXjggZcXZ aZh gVeedgih ZcigZ aV ® XjaijgZ YZ a¼ XgVc ¯ Zi aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh igV" Y^i^dccZaaZh! dc Zhi W^Zc dWa^\ YZ XdchiViZg fjZ aV Y^[[jh^dc YZ aV egZ" b^ gZ Xdcig^WjZ | bdY^ÄZg aZh hZXdcYZh / dc cZ gZ\VgYZ eVh eVg ZmZb" eaZ jc Äab YVch jcZ hVaaZ YZ aV b bZ [V dc fjVcY cZj[ Äabh hjg Y^m hdci kjh hjg jc XgVc YZ i a k^h^dc YVch a¼ZheVXZ eg^k ! aZ c^kZVj Y¼Zm^" \ZcXZ | a¼ \VgY Yj Xdc[dgi YZh hVaaZh kdajZ! ZiX# GVeeZadch eVg ZmZb" eaZ fj¼Vj bdbZci YZ aV Xg Vi^dc YZh XVgiZh ^aa^b^i Zh! aZh gZhedchVWaZh YZ hVaaZh dci Y V[[gdciZg jc egdWa bZ VjfjZa eZghdccZ c¼VkV^i eZch / aZh heZXiViZjgh eVgiV^Zci ig h [g fjZbbZci Vj Wdji YZ Y^m b^cjiZh dj jc fjVgi Y¼]ZjgZ fjVcY aZ Äab cZ aZjg eaV^hV^i eVh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼^ah igVchedhV^Zci Zc hVaaZ a¼Vii^ijYZ fj^ Zhi hdjkZci aV aZjg YZkVci aZ eZi^i XgVc! ^ah oVeeV^Zci ej^hfj¼^ah VkV^Zci aZ hZci^bZci YZ cZ eVh Vkd^g eVn VkZX aZjg XVgiZ ^aa^b^i Z# 8¼Zhi jc ZmZbeaZ! _Z edjggV^h Zc egZc" YgZ WZVjXdje Y¼VjigZh! YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZ aV aZXijgZ cdiVbbZci / dc cZ a^i eVh YZ aV b bZ [V dc fjVcY aV eajeVgi YZh VXiZh YZ aZXijgZ hZ [dci hjg jc XgVc VkZX YZh a^Zch ]neZgiZmiZh# ?Z edjggV^h Y kZadeeZg ig h adc\jZbZci XZ ed^ci bV^h _Z kdjaV^h _jhiZ ^cY^fjZg a¼^Y Z \ c " gVaZ hj^kVciZ / aV igVch[dgbVi^dc gVY^XVaZ YZh XdcY^i^dch Y¼VXX h | a¼Vgi Zi | aV XjaijgZ fjZ cdjh k^kdch Vj_djgY¼]j^ VkZX aV cjb g^hVi^dc Zi aV Y^[[jh^dc Y¼>ciZgcZi Xdcig^WjZ | bdY^ÄZg cdh ]VW^ijYZh iVci YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZh b Y^Vh igVY^i^dccZah i a k^h^dc! gVY^d! egZhhZ fjZ YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh igVY^i^dccZaaZh! | XdbbZcXZg eVg aV [g fjZciV" i^dc YZh fj^eZbZcih XjaijgZah# )-

I WdY[ _djheZkYj_l[ Å Gk[bb[i Wjj[dj[i ZWdi bW ieY_ j ZÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5

Edjg iZgb^cZg! _Z kV^h bZ g^hfjZg | fjZafjZh Xdch^Y gVi^dch hjg a¼VkZc^g! Zc b¼VeejnVci hjg aZh iZcYVcXZh Y¼ kdaji^dc XdchiVi Zh# H^ dc hZ egd_ZiiZ | a¼]dg^odc YZ '%'% Zi fj¼dc X]ZgX]Z | ^bV\^cZg XdbbZci kdci kdajZg cdh gVeedgih | a¼Vgi Zi | aV XjaijgZ! fjZ gZiZc^g YZh egd[dc" YZh bjiVi^dch Ydci _Z k^Zch YZ eVgaZg 4 9¼VWdgY! ^a [Vji W^Zc kd^g fjZ aV e g^dYZ VXijZaaZ XdggZhedcY | a¼Vg" g^k Z | a¼}\Z YZ aV gZigV^iZ YZh XWXo#Xeec[hi! aV egZb^ gZ \ c gVi^dc | Vkd^g Xdccj aV XjaijgZ _ZjcZ / \ c gVi^dc cdbWgZjhZ! eajh Y^ea b Z fjZ aV eg X YZciZ! eajh bdW^aZ! Zc bZ^aaZjgZ hVci e]nh^fjZ! VkZX jc edjkd^g Y¼VX]Vi eajh aZk ! ZiX#! WgZ[ eg hZciVci WZVjXdje Y¼Vidjih YZ cVijgZ | [Vkdg^hZg jc Zc\V\ZbZci YVch aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! hje " g^Zjg | XZaj^ YZ aV \ c gVi^dc eg X YZciZ Vj b bZ }\Z# 6jhh^ eVgV i" ^a gV^hdccVWaZ YVch aZ XVh YZh gZigV^i h YZ Xdch^Y gZg fjZ aZh Z[[Zih YZ \ c gVi^dc edh^i^[h a¼ZbedgiZgdci hjg aZh Z[[Zih c \Vi^[h a^ h Vj k^Z^aa^hhZbZci YZ aV edejaVi^dc Zi fjZ aZ gZcdjkZaaZbZci \ c gV" i^dccZa hZ igVYj^gV eVg jcZ dg^ZciVi^dc YZ aV YZbVcYZ XjaijgZaaZ | aV ]VjhhZ! cdiVbbZci Zc bVi^ gZ YZ aZXijgZ YZ a^kgZh Zi YZ [g fjZciVi^dc YZh fj^eZbZcih XjaijgZah# >a Zhi eVg XdcigZ eajh Y^[ÄX^aZ YZ [V^gZ egZjkZ Yj b bZ dei^b^hbZ | egdedh YZh \ c gVi^dch hj^kVciZh YVch aV bZhjgZ d XZ hdci ZaaZh fj^ dci k Xj VkZX aZ eajh Y¼^ciZch^i aV bdci Z Zc ej^hhVcXZ YZh b Y^Vh VjY^dk^hjZah Zi YZh ^cYjhig^Zh XjaijgZaaZh Zi fj^ hdci Y^gZXiZbZci gZh" edchVWaZh Yj Y Xa^c YZ XZgiV^cZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh igVY^i^dccZaaZh! XdbbZ aV aZXijgZ g \ja^ gZ YZ fjdi^Y^Zch Zi YZ gdbVch dj aV [g fjZc" iVi^dc YZ XZgiV^ch a^Zjm YZ heZXiVXaZ k^kVci i] }igZ Zi hjgidji XdcXZgi YZ bjh^fjZ XaVhh^fjZ # 8Z hdci YdcX ZaaZh fj^ g^hfjZci Y¼VXX a gZg aZ bdjkZbZci YZ _jk c^a^hVi^dc YZ aV XjaijgZ YVch aZh Vcc Zh | kZc^g!

XVg aZjg jc^kZgh XjaijgZa Y^[[ gZ hjg W^Zc YZh ed^cih YZ XZaj^ YZ aZjgh V c Zh Vj b bZ }\Z / eajh YZ bjh^fjZ! YZh jhV\Zh eajh [g fjZcih Zi eajh Y^kZgh^Ä h YZ aV XjaijgZ YZ a¼ XgVc egd\gVbbZh i a k^h h! 9kY! _Zjm k^Y dh! >ciZgcZi° ! bd^ch YZ XjaijgZ ^beg^b Z! eajh YZ egVi^fjZ Zc VbViZjg° Dc gZigdjkZ Zc g Va^i aZh eg^cX^eVjm igV^ih XVgVXi g^h" i^fjZh YZ aV XjaijgZ _ZjcZ# :i ^a Zhi Y^[ÄX^aZ! Zc gZ\VgYVci aZh Xdbedg" iZbZcih Zi aZh eg [ gZcXZh YZ aV \ c gVi^dc >ciZgcZi! YZ eZchZg fjZ aZ bdjkZbZci cZ hZ edjghj^kZ eVh# 8dbbZci ^bV\^cZg Zc Z[[Zi fjZ aZh VYdaZhXZcih Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ fj^ dci bVhh^kZbZci ^ckZhi^ aV XjaijgZ cjb g^fjZ XZhhZci! Zc YZkZcVci VYjaiZh! YZ _djZg | YZh _Zjm k^Y dh dj YZ i a X]Vg\Zg YZ aV bjh^fjZ dj YZh Äabh 4 :i XdbbZci cZ eVh eZchZg fjZ a¼Zhhdg YZ XZiiZ XjaijgZ cjb g^fjZ ZcXdgZ Zc YZkZc^g cZ hZ [VhhZ! Vj bd^ch Zc eVgi^Z! Vj Y ig^bZci YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi b Y^Vi^fjZh Vci g^ZjgZh! Zc gV^hdc YZ aV XdcXjggZcXZ fjZ XZiiZ XjaijgZ */

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Xg Z Zc iZgbZh YZ WjY\Zi Zi YZ WjY\Zi iZbeh! bV^h Vjhh^ Zc gV^hdc YZ aV cVijgZ b bZ YZ a¼d[[gZ fj¼ZaaZ egdedhZ! iVci Vj eaVc YZh XdciZcjh XjaijgZah Xg^ih! VjY^d dj k^Y d fjZ YZh edhh^W^a^i h YZ Y^[[jh^dc edjg aZh VcX^Zch b Y^Vh egZhhZ! gVY^d! i a k^h^dc 4 ?¼VjgV^h V^b YdccZg jc eZj eajh Y¼ZmZbeaZh | a¼Veej^ YZ XZh V[Äg" bVi^dch jc eZj WgjiVaZh hjg a¼VkZc^g YZ cdh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! bV^h [VjiZ YZ iZbeh _Z bZ XdciZciZgV^ Y¼Zmeg^bZg edjg Äc^g jcZ Xdck^Xi^dc [dgiZ ej^h Z YVch a¼VcVanhZ \ c gVi^dccZaaZ fjZ _Z k^Zch Y¼Zhfj^hhZg / h^ cdh XdbedgiZbZcih XjaijgZah dci egd[dcY bZci kdaj Vj Xdjgh YZh igZciZ YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh! dc eZji igZ XZgiV^c fj¼^ah g^hfjZci Y¼ kdajZg ZcXdgZ eajh gVY^XVaZbZci Vj Xdjgh YZh igZciZ egdX]V^cZh#

*%

IVWaZ gdcYZ & AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ

AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ

A

V Ydb^cVi^dc YZ a¼VXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ V ej aV^hhZg Xgd^gZ fjZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ^cY^heZchVWaZ | idjiZ bjh d\gVe]^Z! Zhi YZ eajh Zc eajh Y aV^hh Z#

8dbbZci aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh k^kZci"^ah XZiiZ kdaji^dc 4 8dbbZci aV gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zc"

i^ÄfjZ Xdci^cjZ"i"ZaaZ Y¼Vkd^g hV eaVXZ Vj bjh Z! YZ cdjgg^g hZh eg hZciVi^dch! YZ \VgVci^g hV Xg Y^W^a^i Zi YZ g edcYgZ | aV YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ 4

BdY gViZjg / ?ZVc 9VkVaadc HdX^dad\jZ! ZchZ^\cVci X]ZgX]Zjg! Y^gZXiZjg Yj aVWdgVid^gZ 8jaijgZ Zi 8dbbjc^XVi^dc! jc^kZgh^i Y¼6k^\cdc

8¼Zhi jcZ h VcXZ XdchVXg Z | aV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ# 8dbbZ cdjh Vkdch Y _| jc eZj YZ gZiVgY! _Z hZgV^ Zmig bZbZci WgZ[ Zi gVeeZaaZgV^ h^beaZbZci YZjm X]dhZh XdcXZgcVci aV gZaVi^dc YZ aV hX^ZcXZ dj eajh ZmVXiZbZci a¼ kdaji^dc YZ aV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ# EgZb^ gZbZci! a¼Vgg^k Z Zi aV bdW^a^hVi^dc YZh hX^ZcXZh [dcXi^dc" cZaaZh fj^ hZgkZci | [V^gZ [dcXi^dccZg aZ bjh Z! iZah aZ bVg`Zi^c\ dj aV hdX^dad\^Z! kdfj Zh XZ bVi^c# Dc edjggV^i Vjhh^ eVgaZg YZ aV \Zhi^dc# Dc hV^i fjZ idjiZh XZh hX^ZcXZh dci eg^h jcZ eaVXZ Zmig bZbZci ^bedg" iVciZ YVch aZ bjh Z Vadgh fj¼VjigZ[d^h fjVcY dc eVgaV^i YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! X¼ iV^i eaji i aV hX^ZcXZ a^ Z Vj XdciZcj! | a¼ ijYZ YZ XZ fjZ eg hZciV^i aZ bjh Z# 8Z fjZ a¼dc dWhZgkZ Vjhh^! X¼Zhi fj¼^a Zm^hiZ jcZ bdW^a^hVi^dc YZh hX^ZcXZh hjg aZ bjh Z YVch jc ZchZbWaZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ fjZafjZ" [d^h aV bjh dad\^Z! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ idjiZh aZh hX^ZcXZh fj^ kdci eZgbZiigZ YZ b^Zjm hV^h^g aV eaVXZ Yj bjh Z YVch aV hdX^ i dj a¼ ijYZ Yj hiViji Yj eVig^bd^cZ YVch aV hdX^ i ! dj Yj bjh Z XdbbZ ^chi^iji^dc! hdc kdaji^dc# :i dc kd^i ig h W^Zc fjZ idjiZh XZh hX^ZcXZh hdci Zc igV^c YZ Y Äc^g Vj_djgY¼]j^ igd^h dW_Zih eVgi^Xja^Zgh fjZ hdci Y¼jcZ eVgi aZh ejWa^Xh dj aZh jhV\Zgh! Y¼VjigZ eVgi k^YZbbZci aZ eVig^bd^cZ! XdbeiZ iZcj YZ a¼ kdaji^dc Zi YZ a¼ aVg\^hhZbZci YZ aV cdi^dc YZ eVig^" bd^cZ! Zi ej^h XZ fj¼dc edjggV^i bZiigZ \adWVaZbZci hdjh aV cdi^dc YZ b Y^Vh! XdbeiZ iZcj Yj [V^i fj¼^a Zhi hjgidji fjZhi^dc YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc Zi YZ a¼ Y^i^dc! Zi fjZ a¼ji^a^hVi^dc YZh b Y^Vh ^c[dgbVi^h h Zhi Zmig " bZbZci ^bedgiVciZ# +)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

9Zjm^ bZ ed^ci hjg aZfjZa dc edjggV^i Y WViigZ! dj eajh ZmVXiZ" bZci YZjm^ bZ ed^ci fj^ Zhi YZ [V^i Zc Y WVi YVch aZh bjh Zh! X¼Zhi a¼deedh^i^dc fj^ n Zhi idj_djgh jc eZj hdjh"_VXZciZ ZcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi aZh ejWa^Xh# Dc hV^i ig h W^Zc fjZ fjVcY dc g Å X]^i Vjm fjZhi^dch hjg aV hX^ZcXZ Zi aZh bjh Zh! dc kV Vkd^g VhhZo gVe^YZbZci aZh Y [ZchZjgh YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Y¼jc X i Zi! YZ a¼VjigZ! aZh \Zch fj^ egZccZci Zc XdbeiZ aZh ejWa^Xh Zi ^a n V hdjkZci jcZ iZch^dc ZcigZ aZ [V^i fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zhi Yj X i Yj XdciZcj! fj¼ZaaZ Zhi Yj X i Vjhh^ YZ XZ fjZ aZ bjh Z Yd^i YZ idjiZ [V dc Y [ZcYgZ edjg gZhiZg jc bjh Z! Vadgh fjZ aZh ejWa^Xh! a¼Vgg^k Z YZh ejWa^Xh! a¼ ijYZ YZh ejWa^Xh! kV hZ h^ijZg WZVjXdje eajh Yj X i YZh ViiZciZh Zi YZ aZjg Y^bZch^dc hjW_ZXi^kZ# Dc V eVga XZ bVi^c YZ aV Y^bZch^dc V[[ZXi^kZ YZh b Y^Vh dj _jhiZbZci YZh egVi^fjZh YZ ad^h^gh YZh k^h^iZjgh# Dc V idj_djgh YZ bVc^ gZ hdjh"_VXZciZ XZiiZ deed" h^i^dc ZcigZ aZh YZjm a bZcih# 6adgh ^a n Zc VjgV^i jcZ igd^h^ bZ · _Z aV h^\cVaZ eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZ hZgi Y¼]dg^odc bV^h dc c¼V eVh | aV igV^iZg YVch XZiiZ iVWaZ gdcYZ · fj^ Zhi aV fjZhi^dc Yj Y eaVXZbZci e]nh^fjZ YZh k^h^iZjgh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aZ [V^i fjZ a¼dc Zhi YVch aZ bjh Z _jhfj¼| egZjkZ Yj XdcigV^gZ Zc eg hZcXZ YZh dW_Zih! Vadgh YZ aV hX^ZcXZ 4 · X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc · Zc eg hZcXZ Y¼VgiZ" [VXih fj^ eg hZciZci aV hX^ZcXZ# 6adgh fjZ eVg ZmZbeaZ! hjg aZh b Y^Vh ^c[dgbVi^h h dc kV hZ gZigdjkZg | Y^hiVcXZ Zi aZh [dgbZh YZ b Y^Vi^hV" i^dc cZ hZgdci eVh Yj idji aZh b bZh! Zi Y^hdch fjZ X¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ jcZ XdbedhVciZ Yj bjh Z fj^ Zhi ig h ^bedgiVciZ Zi fj^ Zhi idj_djgh | a¼]dg^odc Yj Y WVi ZcigZ a¼ji^a^hVi^dc YZh iZX]cdad\^Zh Vj bd^ch Zi aZ bjh Z# HVch eajh iVgYZg! _Z kV^h eVhhZg aV eVgdaZ Vj egZb^Zg dgViZjg! fj^ Zhi ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX Zi fj^ kV cdjh eVgaZg YZ a¼ kdaji^dc g XZciZ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hX^ZcXZ#

A¼ kdaji^dc g XZciZ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hX^ZcXZ ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX Egd[ZhhZjg Zc hX^ZcXZh YZ a¼^c[dgbVi^dc Zi YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc! XdaZ cdgbVaZ hje g^ZjgZ aZiigZh Zi hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh! Andc

AZh bjh Zh! fjZah fj¼^ah hd^Zci! hdci a^ h Vj [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh hX^ZcXZh# Eajh ZmVXiZbZci! aZh bjh Zh hdci YVch W^Zc YZh XVh | aV [d^h YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh Zi YZh ^chi^iji^dch hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# 9Vch aZh XVh d ^a h¼V\^i Y¼ iVWa^hhZbZcih XjaijgZah fj^ cZ [dci eVh YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh! ^ah hdci a^ h Vjm ^chi^iji^dch hX^Zci^ÄfjZh eVgXZ fj¼^ah dci kdXVi^dc | eg hZciZg YZh hVkd^gh a \^i^bZh# 9Z [V^i! Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ YZh ejWa^Xh YZh *)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

bjh Zh! aZ gVeedgi | aV hX^ZcXZ Zhi VkVci idji jc gVeedgi | YZh hVkd^gh a \^i^bZh Zi Vjm VXiZjgh! egVi^fjZh Zi ^chi^iji^dch fj^ \VgVci^hhZci a¼ aVWdgVi^dc! aV eVig^bdc^Va^hVi^dc Zi aV Y^[[jh^dc YZ XZh hVkd^gh Zi YZh dW_Zih | egdedh YZhfjZah dj \g}XZ VjmfjZah ^ah hdci Xdchigj^ih# IdjiZ XdaaZXi^dc Zhi \djkZgc Z eVg YZh eg^cX^eZh YZ XaVhhZbZci fj^ aj^ YdccZci [dgbZ Zi hZch eVg gVeedgi Vjm XVi \dg^Zh a \^i^bZh Yj hVkd^g hjg aV cVijgZ Zi aV XjaijgZ! Zi idjiZ VXi^dc YZ b Y^Vi^dc Xjaij" gZaaZ# EdjgiVci! X¼Zhi Vjm bjh Zh fj^ igV^iZci YZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZh Zi hX^ZcXZh YZ aV cVijgZ fjZ a¼dc eZchZ hedciVc bZci adghfj¼^a Zhi fjZh" i^dc YZh gZaVi^dch ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh Zi bjh Zh# >a Zm^hiZ Zc Z[[Zi jc ZchZb" WaZ YZh ® bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh ¯ Xdchi^ij h Zc XVi \dg^Z XjaijgZaaZ Zi ^chi^iji^dccZaaZ& fj^ ^ci \gZ Y¼V^aaZjgh YZ cdbWgZjm iVWa^hhZbZcih cZ edgiVci eVh idjh aZ cdb YZ bjh Zh / XZi ZchZbWaZ gZ\gdjeZ aZh bjh jbh W^Zc h g! aZh bjh Zh YZ iZX]c^fjZh! bV^h Vjhh^ aZh 8ZcigZh YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi iZX]c^fjZ 8Xhi^ ! aZ eVaV^h YZ aV 9 XdjkZgiZ! aV X^i YZh HX^ZcXZh Zi YZ a¼>cYjhig^Z Zi Vj"YZa| YZh [gdci^ gZh! a¼6id" b^jb! a¼:meadgVidg^jb! aZ =Vaa YZh hX^ZcXZh! ZiX# EVgVYdmVaZbZci! X¼Zhi YdcX | YZh iVWa^hhZbZcih fj^ W^Zc hdjkZci cZ Xdchi^ijZci eVh YZ XdaaZXi^dch Zi fj^ c¼dci YdcX eVh Y¼VXi^k^i YZ gZX]ZgX]Z fjZ a¼dc eZchZ hedciVc bZci fjVcY ^a Zhi fjZhi^dc YZh gZaVi^dch ZcigZ hX^Zc" XZh Zi bjh Zh# 8Zh iVWa^hhZbZcih YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi iZX]c^" fjZ dci XZeZcYVci eg X^h bZci kdXVi^dc | [V^gZ aZ a^Zc ZcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ XdbbZ he] gZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z egd[Zhh^dccVa^h Z! Zi aV hdX^ i Ydci aV gZX]ZgX]Z [V^i k^YZbbZci eVgi^Z! bV^h fj^ Zhi eVg Y Äc^i^dc iZcjZ YZ Xdchigj^gZ hZh ZheVXZh! hZh iZbedgVa^i h Zi hZh cdgbZh egdegZh edjg hVi^h[V^gZ Vjm XdcY^i^dch YZ egdYjXi^dc Y¼jc hVkd^g gZXdccj XdaaZXi^" kZbZci XdbbZ iVci eVgi^Xja^Zg# AZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh Vj hZch aVg\Z hdci YdcX eVg[d^h eajh egdX]Zh YZh a^Zjm Zi ^chiVcXZh YZ kja\Vg^hVi^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fjZ YZh VjigZh bjh Zh# 8¼Zhi edjgfjd^ YVch jc XdciZmiZ iZa fjZ XZaj^ Yj XdaadfjZ ® Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^ ¯ dg\Vc^h edjg aZh &%% Vch Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! aZ i] bZ Yj a^Zc ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh Zi bjh Zh gZckd^Z | igd^h fjZhi^dch fj^ hZ hdci Vjidcdb^h Zh hZadc aZh XdbbjcVji h hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh fj^ aZh dci [dgbja Zh Zi Ydci ZaaZh higjXijgZci aV g ÅZm^dc! igd^h fjZhi^dch! fj^ dci W^Zc k^" YZbbZci YZh odcZh YZ gZXdjkgZbZci! bV^h fj^ hdci gVgZbZci edh Zh dj igV^i Zh ZchZbWaZ# &# AV fjZhi^dc YZh a^Zch ZcigZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z XdbbZ he] gZ he X^Va^" h Z YZ egdYjXi^dc YZ hVkd^gh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! aZh fj^eZh YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zi aV ® hdX^ i ¯ ZaaZ"b bZ X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Yj ed^ci YZh bjh Zh! aZh XdbbjcVji h! b bZ aVg\^Zh! fj^ k^kZci Zi igVkV^aaZci hjg aZ iZgg^id^gZ VjfjZa hZ g [ gZ aZ bjh Z# AV gZX]ZgX]Z gZa kZ Vadgh ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci ++

&# >a Zm^hiZ Zc Z[[Zi YZh g hZVjm 8Xhi^! Bjh jbh !

YZh VhhdX^Vi^dch cdiVbbZci a¼6bhXi^ Zi jc hZgk^XZ Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV GZX]ZgX]Z! a¼DX^b! Y Y^ | aV bjh dad\^Z YZh hX^ZcXZh Zi YZh iZX]c^fjZh#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

'# 8ZaaZ"X^ [V^i a¼dW_Zi YZ aV g ÅZm^dc bZc Z eVg aZh VjiZjgh Yj cjb gd &% YZ aV gZkjZ 9kbjkh[ [j Cki [i ® AZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh! YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i 4 ¯# (# AZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh Zi aZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZ Zi YZ aV cVijgZ dci aV b bZ ijiZaaZ eda^i^fjZ! aZ b^c^hi gZ YZ aV GZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ a¼wYjXVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ! fj^ Zhi Vjhh^ aV ijiZaaZ YZ cdbWgZjm bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh# BV^h | aZjg Xg Vi^dc Zc &.,'! aZh Xdbjh Zh Y eZcYV^Zci Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ a¼:ck^gdccZbZci! Zi YZ cdbWgZjm bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Y eZcYZci Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi YZh Y^gZXi^dch XjaijgZaaZh Vjm X]Zadch adXVjm# 8¼Zhi a| jcZ egZb^ gZ ZmegZhh^dc YZ XZiiZ Y^[[ gZcXZ XjaijgZaaZ Yj gVeedgi Vjm hX^ZcXZh#

YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh ]^hid^gZ! Zi]cdad\^Z! hdX^dad\^Z b bZ h^ a¼VeegdX]Z XZcig Z hjg aZh iZgg^id^gZh ^bea^fjZ \VaZbZci aZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV cVijgZ \ d\gVe]Zh! Xdad\^hiZh! cVijgVa^hiZh! ZiX# # '# AV fjZhi^dc Yj a^Zc ZcigZ aZ bjh Z YZh hX^ZcXZh hX^ZcXZh e]n" h^fjZh Zi hX^ZcXZh cVijgZaaZh Zi aV gZX]ZgX]Z XdbbZ he] gZ he X^V" a^h Z YZ egdYjXi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh hX^Zci^[^fjZh# 9Vch aZ XVh YZ XZh bjh Zh Zi YZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZ Zi cVijgZaaZh! a¼VeegdX]Z Zhi ig h gVgZbZci g [ g Z | jc iZgg^id^gZ XjaijgZa he X^ÄfjZ! bV^h k^hZ idji Vj XdcigV^gZ | h¼V[[gVcX]^g aZ eajh edhh^WaZ YZ XZiiZ X]ZaaZ! idji Vj bd^ch YVch aV edgi Z aV eajh jc^kZghZaaZ edhh^WaZ YZh ineZh YZ Y bVgX]Zh Zi YZ g hjaiVih! h^cdc YVch hZh bdYZh YZ ÄcVcXZbZcih# (# AV fjZhi^dc Yj a^Zc ZcigZ bjh dad\^Z YZ hdX^ i Zi bjh dad\^Z YZh hX^ZcXZh Zi iZX]c^fjZh'# 8Z fj^ cdjh ^ci gZhhZ YVch aV Xdc[gdciVi^dc YZh YZjm egZb^ gZh fjZhi^dch! X¼Zhi aV bVc^ gZ Ydci aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zi aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh VXi^kZci YZh gZeg hZciVi^dch ig h Y^[[ gZciZh YZ aV Y^bZch^dc hdX^VaZ Zi XjaijgZaaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh# Cdjh [V^hdch a¼]nedi] hZ fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi aZ a^Zj Y¼ZmegZhh^dc YZ XZiiZ Y^[[ gZcXZ XjaijgZaaZ ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZh Zi hX^ZcXZh YZ a¼]dbbZ! Y^[[ gZcXZ fjZ a¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc egd[Zhh^dccVa^h Z YZ aV egd" YjXi^dc Zi YZ a¼ZchZ^\cZbZci Yj hVkd^g hX^Zci^ÄfjZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z h¼Z[" [dgXZ YZ hjeeg^bZg Vj egdÄi Yj egd_Zi YZ XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jc gVeedgi Vj bdcYZ ]dbd\ cZ Zi jc^kZghVa^hVci(# 9Z [V^i! XZ egd_Zi YZ Xdchi^ij" i^dc Y¼jcZ he] gZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ gZaVi^kZbZci ]dbd\ cZ YVch hZh eg^c" X^eZh [dcYViZjgh [dcXi^dccZ VhhZo W^Zc! ^a higjXijgZ ig h aVg\ZbZci aV Xdchi^iji^dc Y¼jc X]Vbe ^chi^iji^dccZa Zi egd[Zhh^dccZa jc^Ä edjg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh Y^hX^ea^cZh / b bZh XVgg^ gZh! b bZ dg\Vc^hVi^dc YZ aV [dgbVi^dc Yj X]ZgX]Zjg Zi YZ hV egVi^fjZ egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ! b bZh cdg" bZh# HVch Vkd^g aV eg iZci^dc YZ iZc^g jc Y^hXdjgh hjg aZh [dcYZbZcih YZ XZiiZ dg\Vc^hVi^dc \ c gVaZ ]dbd\ cZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z XdbbZ hX^ZcXZ egd[Zhh^dccVa^h Z! dc eZji XZeZcYVci h^\cVaZg fjZ aV e]^adhd" e]^Z _djZ jc g aZ YVch aV bZhjgZ d ZaaZ Zhi aV Y^hX^ea^cZ fj^ Xdci^cjZ YZ hdjh"iZcYgZ aZh eg^cX^eZh YZ aV b i]dYZ! fjZa fjZ hd^i aZ YdbV^cZ | egdedh YjfjZa dc hdj]V^iZ Y kZadeeZg aV XdccV^hhVcXZ# 8ZeZcYVci! Zc Y e^i Y¼jc XdchZchjh [dgi Zi higjXijgVci hjg a¼jc^i YZh [dgbZh YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z egd[Zhh^dccVa^h Z! ^a Zm^hiZ jc Y WVi k^[ Zi VcX^Zc | egdedh YZ aV he X^ÄX^i YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh eVg gVeedgi Vj ® bdY aZ YZh hX^ZcXZh YjgZh ¯# 8¼Zhi XZ Y WVi fj^ igdjkZ jcZ [dgbZ Y¼^chXg^ei^dc ^chi^iji^dccZaaZ VcX^ZccZ YVch aZ [V^i fjZ aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh Zi aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i VXi^kZci igVY^i^dccZaaZ" bZci YZh gVeedgih | aV gZX]ZgX]Z ig h Y^[[ gZcih# *+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

:c Z[[Zi! aZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh Zi aZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZh Zi hX^ZcXZh YZ aV cVijgZ cZ hdci eVh h^beaZbZci egdYj^iZh dj Y^[[jh Zh Vj bjh Z# AZ bjh Z Zhi edjg aV hX^ZcXZ jc ZheVXZ Y¼VXi^dc Zi Y¼ZmegZh" h^dc d XZ hdci bd^ch aZh cdgbZh egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh egdegZh | aV Xdchi^" iji^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z XdbbZ hZXiZjg Y¼VXi^k^i egd[Zhh^dccVa^h Z fj^ h¼Zmeg^bZci fjZ aZh [dgbZh XjaijgZaaZh Y¼jc gVeedgi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ | aV cVijgZ Zi | aV hdX^ i Zi YdcX! aZh [dgbZh Y¼^chXg^ei^dc XjaijgZaaZ Y¼jcZ eZch Z hdX^VaZ# 8¼Zhi XZ egZb^Zg ed^ci hjg aZfjZa _Z hdj]V^iZgV^h Y kZadeeZg jcZ Wg kZ g ÅZm^dc / aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i V Xdcig^Wj | a \^i^bZg aV he X^Ä" X^i Y¼jc [dcXi^dccZbZci Zi Y¼Zc_Zjm egdegZh Vjm hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh# H^ aZh hX^ZcXZh n hZbWaZci gZaVi^kZbZci jc^Ä Zh! YZh Y^[[ " gZcXZh [dgiZh VeeVgV^hhZci adghfj¼dc aZh gZ\VgYZ | eVgi^g YZh bjh Zh Xdch^Y g h XdbbZ iVci aZjgh ZheVXZh Y¼ZmegZhh^dc XjaijgZaaZ# >a n V Y¼VjigZh Y WVih Zc Xdjgh Zi fj^ dci \VaZbZci YZh X]dh Vj bjh Z / eVg ZmZbeaZ a¼ kdaji^dc YZh Zc_Zjm Y¼jcZ gZX]ZgX]Z egd[Zh" h^dccVa^h Z YVch cdh hdX^ i h Y bdXgVi^fjZh a^W gVaZh# AV egd[Zhh^dc" cVa^hVi^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi hV eg^hZ Zc X]Vg\Z eVg aV ej^hhVcXZ ejWa^" fjZ dci Zc eVgi^Z g edcYj | a¼VbW^i^dc! Vj bd^ch YVch jc ^bV\^cV^gZ XdaaZXi^[! fjZ eVgiV\Zci | aV [d^h aZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi aV edejaVi^dc | aVfjZaaZ ^ah VeeVgi^ZccZci! Y¼^chXg^gZ Zbe^g^fjZbZci aZh XdcY^i^dch i] dg^fjZh YZ XdchigjXi^dc Yj hVkd^g hX^Zci^ÄfjZ / ZheVXZh Zi iZbed" gVa^i h egdegZh! Xdcig aZ YZh XdcY^i^dch YZ egdYjXi^dc Zi YZ ejWa^X^" hVi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh dW ^hhVci | YZh cdgbZh VXVY b^fjZh hig^X" iZh Zi egdi \ Zh YZh egZhh^dch Zi ^ci g ih fj^ ZcigVkZgV^Zci aZ a^WgZ ZmZgX^XZ YZ aV gV^hdc Zi eVg Xdch fjZci! kVajVi^dc eVg aZh eV^gh! ZiX# 6j_djgY¼]j^ ^a Zc kV idji Y^[[ gZbbZci# AZh ]^hidg^Zch YZh hX^ZcXZh cdjh dci bdcig fj¼VkZX aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh eda^i^fjZh hX^Zci^" ÄfjZh! aZh ^chiVcXZh eda^i^fjZh dci cdc hZjaZbZci iZci YZ \ gZg aZh gZidbW Zh YZ a¼VXi^k^i YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z hjg aV Xgd^hhVcXZ Zi aZ Y kZade" eZbZci YZh Xdcdb^Zh cVi^dcVaZh! bV^h hZ hdci \VaZbZci Z[[dgX Zh YZ \ gZg Y^gZXiZbZci aV egd\gVbbVi^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi hdc dg\V" c^hVi^dc Zc [dcXi^dc Y¼^be gVi^[h eda^i^fjZh Zi Xdcdb^fjZh# 9Vk^Y :Y\Zgidc) bdcigZ XdbbZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ iZX]c^fjZh Zi hdX^ i Zhi YZkZcjZ! eVg aV [dgXZ YZh ^cX^iVi^dch egd\gVbbVi^fjZh! a¼]^hid^gZ Yj gVeedgi | a¼^ccdkVi^dc iZX]c^fjZ! aV^hhVci YVch a¼dbWgZ fjVci^i h YZ e] cdb cZh bVhh^[h! [dcYVbZciVjm edjg aV Xdbeg ]Zc" h^dc YZh [V^ih iZX]c^fjZh eVg ZmZbeaZ a¼jhV\Z YZ b^aa^dch YZ X]ZkVjm eZcYVci aV HZXdcYZ <jZggZ bdcY^VaZ! a¼ZmiZch^dc \ d\gVe]^fjZ YZ aV i aZ dcYja Z! ZiX# bV^h YZ eZj Y¼^ci g i edjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Y¼jc bVgX] YZ a¼^ccdkVi^dc# 8¼Zhi aZ YZjm^ bZ ed^ci fjZ _¼VWdgYZgV^# +-

)# 9Vk^Y :Y\Zgidc!

J^[ I^eYa e\ j^[ EbZ0 j[Y^debe]o WdZ ]beXWb ^_ijeho i_dY[ '/&&!

Dm[dgY Jc^kZgh^in EgZhh! '%%,#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

HVkd^gh hdX^Vjm! hVkd^gh YZh hX^ZcXZh hdX^VaZh! bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Jc YZh ed^cih XZcigVjm Yj Y WVi hjg XZ fjZ hZgV^i aV he X^ÄX^i YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh eVg gVeedgi Vj ® bdY aZ YZh hX^ZcXZh YjgZh ¯ Zhi ig h XZgiV^cZbZci aV bVc^ gZ Ydci hZ Xdchigj^i aV XdjejgZ e^hi bdad\^fjZ ZcigZ hVkd^g hVkVci Zi hVkd^g YZ hZch Xdbbjc# HVch gZkZc^g ^X^ hjg aZh iZgbZh Y¼jc Y WVi Y¼jcZ g^X]ZhhZ [d^hdccVciZ Ydci ^a hZgV^i ^bedhh^WaZ YZ gZcYgZ XdbeiZ b bZ ig h hX] bVi^fjZbZci! dc eZji XZeZcYVci hdja^\cZg fjZ aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh h¼Zmeg^bVci hjg aZh hX^Zc" XZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh dci hdjkZci gZkZcY^fj [dgiZbZci jc a^Zc | aV eZch Z hdX^VaZ dgY^cV^gZ# 8ZaaZ"X^ c¼Zhi eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci a¼dWhiVXaZ fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ YZkgV^i hVch XZhhZ XdbWViigZ edjg eVgkZc^g | bV^ciZc^g aV Y^hiVcXZ | a¼dW_Zi Zi a¼VbW^i^dc i] dg^fjZ Y¼jcZ dW_ZXi^kVi^dc YZh ® ad^h ¯ Yj [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh XjaijgZh Zi YZh hdX^ i h# :aaZ eZji igZ idji Vj XdcigV^gZ aZ [dcYZbZci Y¼jcZ XdccV^hhVcXZ | aV [d^h g ÅZm^kZ Zi dW_ZXi^kVciZ hjg aZ [dcXi^dccZbZci YZ aV eZch Z hdX^VaZ# AV i] dg^Z YZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh! egdedh Z eVg HZg\Z BdhXdk^X^ Zc &.+&! Zi aZh bjai^eaZh jhV\Zh fj^ Zc dci i [V^ih hdci jc ZmXZaaZci i bd^c YZ aV iZch^dc ZcigZ XZh YZjm edh^i^dch# AZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh dci i egdedh Zh eVg BdhXdk^X^ XdbbZ jcZ i] dg^Z YZ aV eZch Z hdX^VaZ! eZch Z XdaaZXi^kZ fj^ cdjh eZgbZi Y¼]VW^iZg jc bdcYZ Xdbbjc# :aaZ Zhi egdX]Z YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ YZ aV g ÅZm^dc YZ Adj^h Fj g hjg aV Y^bZch^dc hnbWda^fjZ YZh Xdbbjc^XVi^dch hdX^VaZh fj^ VXi^kZci Zi Xdchigj^hZci Zc eZgbVcZcXZ g [ gZcXZ | jc i^Zgh hnbWda^hVci Xdchi^" ij eVg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh kVaZjgh! XgdnVcXZh! cdgbZh! ^chi^iji^dch! hVch aVfjZaaZ ^a c¼n VjgV^i eVh Y¼^ciZghjW_ZXi^k^i ! eVh YZ bdcYZ Xdbbjc# Dg aZ XdcXZei YZ gZeg hZciVi^dc hdX^VaZ V eVg[d^h hjW^ YZh g YjXi^dch YZhi^c Zh | Y [ZcYgZ aV k^h^dc ZmVXiZbZci deedh Z / aZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh dci ej igZ Xdch^Y g Zh XdbbZ jcZ i] dg^Z Yj hZch Xdbbjc Y Äc^ XdbbZ hVkd^g cdc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ZchZbWaZ YZ eg _j\ h! XgdnVc" XZh! eg cdi^dch# AZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh! YVch XZiiZ XdcXZei^dc ig h g YjXi^dcc^hiZ Yj hZch Xdbbjc! Xdcig^WjZci | g VXi^kZg Zi Vgi^" XjaZg eajh^Zjgh hnhi bZh Y¼deedh^i^dc / ZcigZ aV eZch Z Zc[Vci^cZ Zi aV eZch Z VYjaiZ! aV eZch Z eg^b^i^kZ Zi aV eZch Z X^k^a^h Z! aV eZch Z YZ hZch Xdbbjc Zi aV eZch Z hVkVciZ# 9Vch aZ XVh YZ XZ hnhi bZ Y¼deed" h^i^dc ZcigZ eZch Z hVkVciZ Zi eZch Z YZ hZch Xdbbjc! XZaaZ"X^ gZc" kd^Z eVg Y [Vji | jcZ eZch Z cdc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ hjeedh Z XdckdfjZg hd^i jcZ eZch Z bni]^fjZ! hd^i jcZ eZch Z ji^a^iVg^hiZ! hd^i jcZ eZch Z ^ch" e^g Z eVg aZh eVhh^dch# AZh Ajb^ gZh dci edh a¼^Y Va Y¼jc hZch Xdb" bjc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! [dcYVci aV edhh^W^a^i edjg aZh X^idnZch YZ eVgiV" \Zg jcZ b bZ bVc^ gZ Y¼ igZ Vj bdcYZ! Zi Y¼VhhjbZg ZchZbWaZ jc YZhi^c Xdbbjc# AZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh hdci YdcX iZcYjZh YVch *-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

YZh jhV\Zh ig h XdcigVY^Xid^gZh / ZaaZh hdci egdedh Zh XdbbZ jcZ i] d" g^Z eZgbZiiVci YZ hZ eVhhZg Y¼jc eVgiV\Z ZcigZ hVkd^g hVkVci Zi hVkd^g YZ hZch Xdbbjc bV^h ZaaZh eZjkZci igZ ji^a^h Zh idji Vj XdcigV^gZ XdbbZ jcZ i] dg^Z Yj hVkd^g cdc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ eZgbZiiVci YZ edhZg a¼Vjidcdb^Z Yj hVkd^g hVkVci*# BV^h X¼Zhi idjiZ a¼Vci]gdedad\^Z fj^ V Y kZadee aV g ÅZm^dc aV eajh hdjiZcjZ hjg a¼^bedhh^W^a^i edjg aZh hX^ZcXZh hdX^VaZh YZ h¼Ve" ejnZg hjg jcZ edh^i^dc Y¼Zmi g^dg^i eVg gVeedgi Vj [dcXi^dccZbZci hnbWda^fjZ YZh egdXZhhjh YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Zi YZ h^\c^ÄXVi^dc# Dc hV^i a¼Zmig bZ Y^[ÄXjai YZ h eVgZg a¼^ciZgeg iVi^dc Yj X]ZgX]Zjg Zi aZh [V^ih fj¼^a dWhZgkZ! Zi fj^ hdci edjg aV eajeVgi Y¼VjigZh ^ciZgeg iV" i^dch+# BV^h ^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh fjZ YZ Y^[ÄXjai h dj YZ W^V^h# 8¼Zhi \g}XZ | aV XdcY^i^dc c XZhhV^gZbZci g ÅZm^kZ YZh Xdbbjc^XVi^dch hdX^VaZh eVg aZhfjZaaZh idji hVkd^g egdYj^i hjg YZh egdXZhhjh dj e] cdb cZh XjaijgZah Zhi ^ci \g | XZh egdXZhhjh dj e] cdb cZh,# ?VbZh 8a^[[dgY- XdbbZciZ aZ XVh YZh Zi]cdad\jZh fj^ eVgiV\Zci aZ hiViji Y¼VjiZjg VkZX aZjgh ^c[dgbViZjgh# B^X]V a LZgcZg! fjVci | aj^! bZi Zc VkVci aV Y^bZch^dc XjaijgZaaZ Zi hdX^VaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh [gVc" V^hZh Zi VaaZbVcYZh.# Dg a¼Zi]cdad\^Z h¼Zhi aVg\ZbZci ^ckZhi^Z YVch aV bjh dad\^Z YZ hdX^ i ! cdiVbbZci YVch aZ bdjkZbZci YZ Xg Vi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh! Zi n V ^bedgi XZiiZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aV cVijgZ YZh hVkd^gh hjg aV XjaijgZ Zi aV hdX^ i # AZh Xdbjh Zh Y kZadeeZci YZh a^Zch eg^k^a \^ h VkZX aZh edej" aVi^dch YZh iZgg^id^gZh YVch aZhfjZah ^ah hdci ^beaVci h# 8Zh a^Zch hdci hdjkZci Viig^Wj h | YZh edh^i^dch eda^i^fjZh kdadciVg^hiZh! fj^ bdY^" ÄZci aZh gVeedgih YZ edjkd^g Zi Y¼Vjidg^i ZcigZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch YZ ijiZaaZ Zi aZh edejaVi^dch / aZ bjh Z Zhi V^ch^ Y Äc^ XdbbZ jc ^chigj" bZci Vj hZgk^XZ Y¼jcZ edejaVi^dc! VkZX hdc Xdb^i YZh jhV\Zgh# BV^h XZh a^Zch eg^k^a \^ h hdci \VaZbZci a^ h Vj ineZ YZ edh^i^dc fj¼VYdeiZ aZ X]ZgX]Zjg [VXZ Vjm dW_Zih hjg aZhfjZah ^a igVkV^aaZ! eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVch aZ XVh YZ a¼Zi]cdad\^Z Yj egdX]Z YVch aVfjZaaZ aZ egdWa bZ YZ aV Y^hiVcXZ | a¼dW_Zi cZ eZji eVh igZ g \a eVg aV Y^[[ gZcXZ XjaijgZaaZ ZcigZ aV XdbbjcVji Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ Yj X]ZgX]Zjg Zi aZh XdbbjcVj" i h Vj hZ^c YZhfjZaaZh ^a igVkV^aaZ# H^ XZh edh^i^dch hdci Y^hXji Zh YVch aV he] gZ VXVY b^fjZ eVg YZh Vgi^XaZh Zi YZh ^ciZgkZci^dch! ZaaZh eZjkZci h¼Zmeg^bZg Zi hZ XdcXg i^hZg YVch a¼ZheVXZ Yj bjh Z XdbbZ a^Zj Y¼Zm" egZhh^dc Y¼jcZ he X^ÄX^i XjaijgZaaZ Yj ineZ YZ hVkd^g Xdchigj^i | egd" edh YZh XjaijgZh YVch cdh hdX^ i h# EVg ZmZbeaZ aZh ZheVXZh egd[Zhh^dc" cZah VXVY b^fjZh hdci [Zgb h Vjm ^c[dgbViZjgh bV^h a¼ZheVXZ XjaijgZa Yj bjh Z eZgbZi YZ bV^ciZc^g YZh gZaVi^dch eVgiV\ Zh ZcigZ aZh ^c[dg" bViZjgh Zi aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh# 6jigZ ZmZbeaZ / aZh hVkd^gh hZ Y ead^Zci Vj +/

*# >a c¼Zhi eVh ^cY^[[ gZci fjZ XZ hd^i aV Y^YVXi^fjZ! hX^ZcXZ YZhi^c Z | dei^b^hZg aV [dgbVi^dc | a¼Zheg^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Ydci aZh dW_Zih hdci Y Äc^h eVg gVeedgi Vjm Y^hX^ea^cZh ® YjgZh ¯! fj^ V^i Y kZadee XZi jhV\Z egVm dad\^fjZ YZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh# +# Kd^g 9Vc HeZgWZg! B[ iWle_h Z[i Wdj^hefebe]k[i!

EVg^h! =ZgbVcc! &.-*# ,# Kd^g B^X]Za 6\^Zg! &..,! ® C^ igde eg h! c^ igde ad^c# 9Z a¼^bea^XVi^dc Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZ | a¼Zc\V\ZbZci ^ciZaaZXijZa ¯! =hWZ^_lW! c '&! ee# +.",+# -# ?VbZh 8a^[[dgY! CWbW_i[ ZWdi bW Ykbjkh[" bÊ[j^de]hWf^_[" bW b_jj hWjkh[ [j bÊWhj Wk NN [ i_ Yb[!

EVg^h! :chW"V! &..+ edjg aV igVY# [gVc V^hZ# .# Kd^g B^X]V a LZgcZg Zi B^X]Za :heV\cZ! F^_bebe]_gk[i ?$ 9edjh_Xkj_ed } bÊ^_ije_h[ Z[i Z_iY_fb_d[i b_jj hW_h[i [d <hWdY[ [j [d 7bb[cW]d[ Wk N?N [ i_ Yb[! wY^i^dch YZ aV BV^hdc YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ a¼]dbbZ! &..%#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

bjh Z YVch YZh XdcÄ\jgVi^dch fj^ cZ hdci eVh [dgX bZci aZh XVi \d" g^Zh VXVY b^fjZh! bV^h eaji i XZaaZh fj^ hdci eZgi^cZciZh eVg gVeedgi | YZh jc^i h XjaijgZaaZh XdbbZ aZ iZgg^id^gZ! aV XdbbjcVji # 9Z XZ [V^i! aZh bdYZh YZ eg hZciVi^dc Zi b bZ aZh bdYZh YZ XdaaZXiZ eZjkZci Y^[" [ gZg [dgiZbZci Y¼jc bjh Z | jc VjigZ# 8ZiiZ ZmegZhh^dc! a \^i^b Z eVg aZ bjh Z! YZ aV cVijgZ egd[dcY " bZci XjaijgZaaZ YZh hVkd^gh hjg aZh hdX^ i h! V i Vbea^Ä Z! YVch aZ XVh YZ aV Xg Vi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh eVg jcZ Vaa^VcXZ! eda^i^fjZ! ZcigZ aZh X]Zg" X]Zjgh Zc hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh Zi YZh XdbbjcVji h XjaijgZa" aZh Y [ZcYVci jc gVeedgi | aV XjaijgZ XdcigZ aV k^h^dc jc^kZghVa^hVciZ edgi Z eVg aZ b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ# 9Vch aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh! aZh gZaVi^dch | aV gZX]ZgX]Z hdci Xdchigj^iZh hjg jc idji VjigZ bdYZ fjZ YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i / ^a n V jcZ gVY^XVa^hVi^dc YZ a¼^bV\^cV^gZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ XdbbZ de gViZjg Y¼jc hVkd^g hjg aV cVijgZ jc^kZghZaaZbZci eVgiV\ZVWaZ Zi! eVg Xdch " fjZci! Y¼jcZ XdbbjcZ YZhi^c Z hX^Zci^[^fjZ YZ a¼]jbVc^i # 8¼Zhi edjgfjd^ aZh XZcigZh YZh hX^ZcXZh! XdbbZ aZh bjh jbh VkVci Zjm! cZ hdci eVh ig h Y^[[ gZcih eVg aZ [V^i fj¼^ah hZ igdjkZci | BVghZ^aaZ! EVg^h! HVc ;gVcX^hXd! 7gjmZaaZh! 7VgXZadcZ / a¼ZheVXZ ^ciZgcVi^dcVa YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ XdbbZ ZheVXZ Y¼ZmegZhh^dc XjaijgZaaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV cVijgZ! gZegdYj^i | hV bVc^ gZ a¼ZheVXZ YZ aV egdYjXi^dc Zi YZ aV ejWa^XVi^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ^cY eZcYVbbZci YZh eVgi^XjaVg^h" bZh adXVjm# Bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh! kja\Vg^hVi^dc Zi bjiVi^dch YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z 8ZeZcYVci a¼Vaa^VcXZ ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh Zi bjh Z V i [dgiZbZci Wgdj^aa Z eVg aV gZfjVa^ÄXVi^dc VXijZaaZ YZh bjh Zh# 9Vch aV Xdbe " i^i^dc ZcigZ g \^dch hdjX^ZjhZh YZ gZc[dgXZg aZjg gVndccZbZci Zi aZjg ViigVXi^k^i idjg^hi^fjZ! aZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh hdci eVg[d^h bd^ch YZh a^Zjm Y¼ZmegZhh^dc XjaijgZaaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV hdX^ i Zi YZh Xdb" bjcVji h iZgg^idg^VaZh fjZ YZh ZheVXZh Y¼Zme g^bZciVi^dc Zi YZ Xdb" bjc^XVi^dc YZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh# 9Zej^h fjZafjZh Vcc Zh! VkZX aZ igVch[Zgi Y¼jcZ eVgi^Z Yj e^adiV\Z eda^i^fjZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ a¼ZchZ^\cZbZci hje g^Zjg Vjm g \^dch! aZh XdbbjcVji h hX^Zci^Ä" fjZh fjZaaZh fjZ hd^Zci aZh Y^hX^ea^cZh VjmfjZaaZh ZaaZh hZ gViiVX]Zci hdci | aZjg idjg XdcXZgc Zh eVg aZh Zc_Zjm YZ Y kZadeeZbZci Zi YZ gVndccZbZci YZh iZgg^id^gZh# 9Vch aZh YZjm XVh! higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi dg\Vc^hbZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh dci | cdjkZVj YZhi^c a^ bV^h cdc eVh Zc kZgij Y¼jcZ Vaa^VcXZ [dcY Z hjg aZ gVeedgi Vj hVkd^g fj¼ZaaZh eVgiV\Z" gV^Zci Zi Zmeg^bZgV^Zci Vj bjh Z! h^cdc Yj [V^i YZ a¼V[[V^Wa^hhZbZci Xdci^cj Yj egdXZhhjh Y¼^chi^iji^dc YZh hVkd^gh Zi Yj a^Zc ZcigZ hVkd^gh +%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zi XjaijgZ# 6XijZaaZbZci! XZ hdci aZh higjXijgZh b bZh YZh b i^Zgh g [dgbZ YZh hiVijih ! YZh iZbeh Zi YZh a^Zjm hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi Xjaij" gZah bVcV\ZbZci eVg egd_Zi! egdbdi^dc YZh ad\^fjZh Y¼djkZgijgZ ! fj^ hdci igVch[dgb h eVg a¼Veea^XVi^dc YZ cdgbZh ^bedgi Zh YVch jc ZheVXZ ^chi^iji^dccZa Ydci a¼Vjidcdb^Z Zhi XdciZhi Z# >a hZ igdjkZ fjZ a¼VcVanhZ YZ XZh igVch[dgbVi^dch V i bZc Z eaj" i i | egdedh YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc eVg 7ZgcVgY HX]^ZaZ cdiVbbZci&%# Dc a¼V Y^i! X¼Zhi a¼ZheVXZ YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc fj^ Xdchi^ijZ aZ a^Zj Y¼ZmegZh" h^dc XjaijgZaaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV cVijgZ Zi YZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZh! Zi XZi ZheVXZ Zc\adWZ aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh# A¼VcVanhZ bZc Z eVg 7Zg" cVgY HX]^ZaZ edjg aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc gZXdjeZ eVg[V^iZbZci aZh eZgheZX" i^kZh djkZgiZh eVg a¼]^hid^gZ YZh hX^ZcXZh edjg a¼ kdaji^dc YZh g \^bZh YZ egdYjXi^dc YZh hVkd^gh&&# 9db^c^fjZ EZhigZ kdfjZ a¼Z[[VXZbZci YZ aV g [ gZcXZ ]^hidg^" fjZ Vjm kVaZjgh YZh Ajb^ gZh hjg aVfjZaaZ h¼ iV^i iVWa^ aZ g \cZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ VXVY b^fjZ ejWa^fjZ jc^kZgh^i ! dg\Vc^hbZh YZ gZX]ZgX]Z ejWa^fjZ # Hdc ]nedi] hZ Zhi fjZ h¼Zhi b^h Zc eaVXZ! YVch aZh igd^h YZg" c^ gZh Y XZcc^Zh! jc cdjkZVj g \^bZ YZ egdYjXi^dc! Y¼Veegdeg^Vi^dc Zi YZ g \jaVi^dc YZh hX^ZcXZh Zc hdX^ i ! jc g \^bZ Zc gjeijgZ egd" [dcYZ VkZX a¼]^hid^gZ Yj h^ XaZ Zi YZb^ fj^ eg X YZ# Eajh^Zjgh [VXiZjgh ^ciZgk^ZccZci YVch XZiiZ bjiVi^dc VcVanh Z YVch jc ZheVXZ hdX^Va WZVjXdje eajh aVg\Z fjZ XZaj^ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z egdegZbZci Y^iZ / aV igVch[dgbVi^dc YZh g \^bZh YZ aV egdeg^ i aV XdccV^hhVcXZ egdYj^iZ ^ci \gZ Y hdgbV^h a¼Vci^X^eVi^dc YZh gZidbW Zh XdbbZgX^VaZh edhh^" WaZh YZ XZiiZ XdccV^hhVcXZ!&' cdiVbbZci YVch aZ XVh YZ aV \ c i^fjZ Zi Yj WgZkZiV\Z Yj k^kVci ! aV bdci Z Yj edjkd^g YZh VXi^dccV^gZh! Zi aV bdci Z YZ aV Ä\jgZ Yj XdchdbbViZjg XdbbZ Ä\jgZ ^ci \gVig^XZ YZ aV eajeVgi YZh hiVijih hdX^Vjm# Cdh egdegZh igVkVjm hjg aZh e] cdb cZh YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc a^ h Vjm hX^ZcXZh [dci VeeVgV igZ YZ bjai^eaZh Xdch fjZcXZh ig h XdcXg iZh YZ XZiiZ bjiVi^dc# EVg ZmZbeaZ! aZ i] bZ Yj ® egdWa bZ ¯ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh Zi hdX^ i Zhi igVY^i^dccZaaZbZci bdW^a^h edjg Y h^" \cZg XZ fj¼^a [Vji [V^gZ Zc VkVa YZ a¼VXiZ YZ egdYjXi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ aV Y^[[jh^dc YZh hVkd^gh! aV egdbdi^dc YZh hX^ZcXZh hjeedh Zh ig h bVa Xdbeg^hZh eVg aZ ejWa^X! aV \Zhi^dc YZh gZidbW Zh eVg aV hdX^ i # Dg YVch jcZ h g^Z Y¼ZcigZi^Zch fjZ cdjh Vkdch g Va^h h hjg XZ i] bZ Vjeg h Y¼jcZ k^c\iV^cZ YZ X]ZgX]Zjgh YZ idjiZh Y^hX^ea^cZh&(! XZ ® egd" Wa bZ ¯ YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh Zi hdX^ i V hdjkZci i h^ij Zc Vbdci dj Vj X¶jg YZ aV egVi^fjZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z YVch aZh XdciVXih fjd" i^Y^Zch Zi eVg[d^h Y^[ÄX^aZh VkZX aZh ^chiVcXZh YZ e^adiV\Z! YZ ÄcVcXZ" bZci Zi Y¼VYb^c^higVi^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z# ,'

&%# 7ZgcVgY HX]^ZaZ! ® EjWa^X^hZg aV hX^ZcXZ Edjg fjd^ [V^gZ 4 ¯! ee# &&"*& _d EV^aaVgi ># iZmiZh g jc^h eVg ! BW fkXb_Y_iWj_ed Z[ bW iY_[dY[ Å ;nfei[h" Yecckd_gk[h" Z XWjjh[" fkXb_[h" lkb]Wh_i[h! <gZcdWaZ! Ej\! '%%*# &&# Cdjh gZegZcdch XZiiZ ZmegZhh^dc | 9db^c^fjZ EZhigZ! fj^ Zc VkV^i [V^i aZ i^igZ Y¼jcZ ^ciZgkZci^dc Vj h b^cV^gZ ® CdjkZVjm dW_Zih! cdjkZaaZh [gdci^ gZh ¯! YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj XajhiZg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z ® :c_Zjm Zi gZeg hZciVi^dch YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! YZ aV iZX]cdad\^Z Zi YZ aZjgh jhV\Zh ¯! XdaZ cdgbVaZ hje g^ZjgZ aZiigZh Zi hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh! '- hZeiZbWgZ '%%+! kd^g Zc a^\cZ / ]iie/$$Zghij#Zch"ah]#[g$ Vgi^XaZ#e]e(4^YTVgi^XaZ2&,* &'# Kd^g cdiVbbZci BVg^Z 6c\ aZ! ® A¼Vc^bVa | a¼ egZjkZ Yj Ygd^i YZh WgZkZih ¯ _d DWjkh[i" IY_[dY[i" ieY_ j i! c &! &..(# &(# Kd^g aZ Äab H[]WhZi Z[ Y^[hY^[khi Y^[[jh YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj XdaadfjZ Yj 8cgh ® HX^ZcXZh Zi hdX^ i Zc bjiVi^dc ¯ &'#%'#%, ! 8cgh >bV\Zh! kd^g Zc Zc a^\cZ / ]iie/$$ X'hd#Zch"ah]#[g$he^e# e]e4Vgi^XaZ)*

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

&)# Kd^g ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX! ® >\cdgVcXZ dj XdcÄVcXZ / aZ ejWa^X YVch a¼Zcfj iZ! Vj bjh Z Zi [VXZ | aV gZX]ZgX]Z ¯ ee# ,*"&%' _d EV^aaVgi ># iZmiZh g jc^h eVg ! BW fkXb_Y_iWj_ed Z[ bW iY_[dY[ Å ;nfei[h" Yecckd_gk[h" Z XWjjh[" fkXb_[h" lkb]Wh_i[h! <gZcdWaZ! Ej\! '%%*#

7ZgcVgY HX]^ZaZ VcVanhZ fjVci | aj^ aV iZch^dc ZcigZ aV gZbVgfjV" WaZ hiVW^a^i YZh Y^hXdjgh YZ egdbdi^dc YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc hX^Zci^Ä" fjZ! Zi aZ [V^i fjZ XZjm fj^ egdYj^hZci XZh Y^hXdjgh cZ hdci eajh Yj idji aZh b bZh fj¼^a n V igZciZ Vch# AV hiVW^a^i YZh Y^hXdjgh bVhfjZ jcZ igVch[dgbVi^dc YZh VXiZjgh Zi YZh gVeedgih YZ edjkd^gh! Vj hZ^c YZh iVWa^hhZbZcih hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi YZh iVWa^hhZbZcih YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ Zi iZX]c^fjZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh hZXiZjgh Yj bVcV\ZbZci Zi YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc! V[[V^Wa^hhZbZci Yj ed^Yh YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh hjg aZjg egdegZ iZggV^c Zi YdcX jcZ igVch[dgbVi^dc YZh ^ci g ih fjZ hZgi aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc# H^ a¼dc YZkV^i [V^gZ jc eVgVaa aZ VkZX aZh Xg^i^fjZh [dg" iZh YZh Vcc Zh ,% XdcigZ jcZ kja\Vg^hVi^dc hjeedh Z [V^gZ XgVc! Zc cVijgVa^hVci Zi YdcX Zc bVhfjVci jc gVeedgi YZ Ydb^cVi^dc ZcigZ aZ bdcYZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi aV edejaVi^dc! dc edjggV^i [V^gZ a¼]nedi] hZ fjZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc Vj_djgY¼]j^ Xdci^cjZ | igZ bdW^a^h Z edjg [V^gZ XgVc! Zc bVhfjVci hdjh aV Xdci^cj^i Y¼jcZ b bZ YncVb^fjZ! aZh igVch[dgbVi^dch egd[dcYZh fj^ V[[ZXiZci aZ b^a^Zj YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z# AZh [dcXi^dch YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc hdci hVch XZhhZ g V[Ägb Zh ZmVX" iZbZci YVch aZh b bZh iZgbZh YZej^h eajh^Zjgh Y XZcc^Zh# AZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh Yd^kZci W^Zc eVgi^X^eZg | aV b^hh^dc YZ igVchb^hh^dc YZh hVkd^gh Y¼jcZ \ c gVi^dc | a¼VjigZ Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg YZ aV iY_[dj_ÓY b_j[# hWYo! Yj c^kZVj YZ WVhZh YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! eVgXZ fj¼^a n VjgV^i jc [dhh ZcigZ aZ gVeedgi Vjm hX^ZcXZh Zi jcZ XdcXZei^dc ]jbV" c^hiZ Zi a^ii gV^gZ YZ aV XjaijgZ# 8ZgiZh aZ bdY aZ Y¼jcZ kja\Vg^hVi^dc hjeedh Z XdbWaZg aZ [dhh ZcigZ hVkVcih Zi ^\cdgVcih V i [dgiZbZci ViiVfj YZej^h aZh Vcc Zh ,%# HZadc HX]^ZaZ ® jekj[i b[i h[\ehckbWj_edi Z[ bW Çc_i[ [d fkXb_YÈ Z[i iY_[dY[i [j j[Y^d_gk[i edj `kigkÊ} fh i[dj h WYj_l kd c c[ deoWk Zkh Z[ i_]d_ÓYWj_edi P°R# Jekj[\e_i" Y[ Yedi[diki eYYkbj[ b[ l h_jWXb[ jhWlW_b Z[ h[Yecfei_j_ed Zk hWffehj ieY_ jWb Wkn iY_[dY[i [j j[Y^d_gk[i ¯# :i HX]^ZaZ VWdgYZ eajh eg X^h bZci aZ X]Vc\ZbZci YZ bV^c YVch aV eaVc^ÄXV" i^dc Zi aZ Y kZadeeZbZci! cdiVbbZci Vj hZ^c YZh bjh Zh / bdci Z YZh [dcXi^dch YZ \Zhi^dc! YZ XddgY^cVi^dc! YZ Xdcig aZ! ZmiZgcVa^hVi^dc bVhh^kZ Zi djkZgijgZ Yj X]Vbe bjh Va Vj bVgX] ! eVgVaa aZbZci | a¼djkZgijgZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ | hdc e^adiV\Z eVg aZ bVgX] YZ a¼^ccdkVi^dc# :c Y e^i YZ XZh bjiVi^dch! cdjh Vkdch Y _| h^\cVa YVch YZh ejWa^" XVi^dch eg X YZciZh&) fjZ aZh Zcfj iZh g Va^h Zh Vjeg h YZh k^h^iZjgh YZ bjh Zh cZ XZhhZci YZ bZiigZ Zc k^YZcXZ aV XdcÄVcXZ fjZ a¼dc VXXdgYZ | aV hX^ZcXZ XdbbZ \VgVciZ Yj hVkd^g egdYj^i eVg XZh Zcfj iZh! Zi Vj bjh Z XdbbZ ^chi^iji^dc [dcXi^dccVci | a¼ XVgi dj Vj"YZhhjh YZh XdcÅ^ih Y¼^ci g ih eda^i^fjZh Zi bVgX]VcYh hjg aV WVhZ Y¼jc a^Zc Y^gZXi VkZX aZh a^Zjm YZ egdYjXi^dc YZh hVkd^gh a \^i^bZh# JcZ g XZciZ Zcfj iZ +'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

YZ 9Vc^Za 7dn Vjeg h YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh Yj 8cgh bdcigZ fjZ XZjm"X^ dci aZh b bZh Vii^ijYZh | a¼ \VgY YZ aV hX^ZcXZ fjZ aZh edejaVi^dch YVch aZjg ZchZbWaZ&*# >a n V XZeZcYVci jc X]Vc\ZbZci YVch aV bVc^ gZ Y¼Zmeg^bZg XZi ViiVX]ZbZci X]Zo aZh k^h^iZjgh YZej^h '% Vch! Zi X¼Zhi hjg XZ X]Vc\Z" bZci fjZ _Z XdcXajgV^# 9Vch XZ YdbV^cZ Vjhh^ jcZ VeeVgZciZ hiVW^" a^i eZji bVhfjZg YZh igVch[dgbVi^dch egd[dcYZh# 9Vch aZh Zcfj iZh bZc Zh ZcigZ &.-+ Zi &.., YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZh! aV XdcÄVcXZ fjZ aZh k^h^iZjgh VXXdgYZci Vj bjh Z cZ h¼Zmeg^bZ eVh Zmea^X^iZbZci / ZaaZ hZ bVc^[ZhiZ XdbbZ jc VaaVci YZ hd^! cZ c XZhh^iVci VjXjcZ eg^hZ YZ edh^i^dc Zmea^X^iZ# :aaZ hZ igVYj^i eVg jcZ Y a \Vi^dc YZ Xdbe iZcXZ | a¼^chi^iji^dc Zc XVh YZ YdjiZ dj YZ igdjWaZ fjVci | a¼^ci g i Y¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc! aV gV^hdc YZ a¼^chi^iji^dc c¼Zhi eVh b^hZ Zc YdjiZ Zi X¼Zhi Vj k^h^iZjg YZ h¼Z[[VXZg Zi YZ egZcYgZ Zc X]Vg\Z aZh Z[[Zih YZ hV egdegZ h^c\jaVg^i dj eVg YZh XdbeVgV^hdch hnhi bVi^fjZh ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aZh b Y^Vh | egdedh YZhfjZah h¼Zmeg^bZci jcZ b ÄVcXZ [dgiZ fj^! eVg XdcigVhiZ! [V^i VeeVgV igZ aZ bjh Z XdbbZ g [ gZcXZ Zi kZcijZa" aZbZci VgW^igZ# :aaZ hZ bVc^[ZhiZ hjgidji eVg jc ZchZbWaZ Y¼Vii^ijYZh dWhZgkVWaZh Zi eZgXZei^WaZh Vj fjdi^Y^Zc! YVch aV Yjg Z eZgb^hZ eVg jcZ egVi^fjZ Y¼ ijYZ Zi Y¼Zcfj iZ Zc Xdci^cj hjg eajh^Zjgh Vcc Zh# 8Z c¼Zhi fjZ YVch aZh XdcY^i^dch ig h eVgi^Xja^ gZh YZh Zcfj iZh eg VaVWaZh edgiVci hjg aZh i] bZh egd_Zi h edjg aZh [jijgZh Zmedh^" i^dch fjZ aZh k^h^iZjgh Zmea^X^iZci YZh ViiZciZh | a¼ \VgY Yj bjh Z YVch aV bZhjgZ d ^ah hdci Zmea^X^iZbZci hdaa^X^i h edjg g V\^g | jc egd" _Zi# 8ZiiZ ZmegZhh^dc Xg^i^fjZ | a¼ \VgY YZ a¼^chi^iji^dc Y^heVgV i idiVaZ" bZci YVch aV k^h^iZ egdegZbZci Y^iZ# 8ZeZcYVci! YZej^h jcZ Y^oV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh! YZh Zcfj iZh g Va^h Zh eVg YZh Xdaa \jZh Y^[[ gZcih YVch jcZ kVg^ i YZ XdciZmiZh bjh d\gVe]^" fjZh&+ dci XdcÄgb aZ XdchiVi Xdbbjc YZ a¼V[ÄgbVi^dc eVg aZh k^h^" iZjgh YZ aZjg XdcÄVcXZ YVch aZ bjh Z Zi YVch aZh kVaZjgh YZ a¼^chi^ij" i^dc Yj hVkd^g# 8Z fj^ V X]Vc\ ! X¼Zhi fjZ XZiiZ XdcÄVcXZ V Y hdgbV^h WZhd^c Y¼ igZ Zmea^X^i Z! Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg adghfjZ aZh k^h^iZjgh hZ igdj" kZci YVch YZh h^ijVi^dch d XZiiZ XdcÄVcXZ Zhi b^hZ | a¼ egZjkZ / jc a bZci Y¼Zmedh^i^dc Ydci aZ idc cZ gZhhZbWaZ bVc^[ZhiZbZci eVh | XZ fjZ a¼dci eZji ViiZcYgZ Yj bjh Z! a¼jhV\Z Y¼jc Y^hedh^i^[ YZ igV V\Z fj^ igdjWaZ YVch jc ZcYgd^i d a¼dc hZ gZcY ® aZh nZjm [Zgb h ¯! ZiX# H^ aZh k^h^iZjgh YZh bjh Zh hdci VbZc h | bVc^[ZhiZg hedciVc " bZci Zi Zmea^X^iZbZci aZjg XdcÄVcXZ Vj bjh Z! X¼Zhi YdcX hVch YdjiZ fj¼^a n V Xg^hZ# Dc hZ gZigdjkZ YVch jcZ Ä\jgZ ^ckZgh Z! bV^h hnb ig^" fjZ! eVg gVeedgi | a¼VcVanhZ YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc eVg HX]^ZaZ / YZgg^ gZ aV hiVW^a^i VeeVgZciZ YZh Y^hXdjgh YZ kja\Vg^hVi^dc! aV igVch[dgbVi^dc ,)

&*# Kd^g aZh VXiZh Yj XdaadfjZ ® HX^ZcXZh Zi hdX^ i h Zc bjiVi^dc ¯! 8cgh! &' [ kg^Zg '%%,! Zc a^\cZ / ]iie/$$lll#Xcgh# [g$XdaadfjZh$hX^ZcXZh"hdX^ZiZ$ egd\gVbbZ$VXiZh#]ib &+# CdiVbbZci BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^ edjg a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® AZ Xdgeh ¯ Vj Bjh jb YZ <gZcdWaZ Zc '%%*! CVi]Va^Z 8VcY^id edjg a¼jhV\Z YZ aV G[^Y YVch a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® C^ kj! c^ Xdccj ¯ Vj Bjh jb YZ Andc#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YZh VXiZjgh fj^ e^adiZci Zi VYb^c^higZci aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi aV XjaijgZ! XZ fjZ XdbbZcXZci | gZhhZci^g YZh k^h^iZjgh fj^ hZ igdjkZci XdcigV^cih Y¼Zmea^X^iZg jc gVeedgi YZ XdcÄVcXZ! egZb^Zg hiVYZ hVch YdjiZ VkVci aZ X]Vc\ZbZci cdc eajh YZh g \^bZh YZ egdYjXi^dc YZh hVkd^gh! bV^h Y¼jcZ bdci Z YZ aV Y ÄVcXZ YZh ejWa^Xh ZckZgh aZh cdjkZVjm VXiZjgh Zi cdcX^ViZjgh Yj bdcYZ YZh bjh Zh Zi YZ aV kja\Vg^hVi^dc# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc 6eg h XZiiZ eg hZciVi^dc YZ a¼ kdaji^dc YZh gVeedgih YZ bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZ | aV hX^ZcXZ! dc kd^i aV Y^bZch^dc adghfjZ aZh Zmedh^i^dch YZk^ZccZci YZh egdYjXi^dch XjaijgZaaZh# ?jhiZbZci! dc kV n gZkZc^g eajh Zc Y iV^a bV^c" iZcVci Zi ej^h Vjhh^ aZh Zc_Zjm fjZ XZh ^chi^iji^dch Xdchi^ijZci edjg aZh XdbbjcVji h# 8aV^gZ H^bVgY! YdcX / ® 8dbbZci XdcX^a^Zg ^be gVi^[ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Zm^\ZcXZ hX cd\gVe]^fjZ Zi eda^i^fjZ YZh ejWa^Xh YVch aZ bjh Z 4 ¯

8dbbZci XdcX^a^Zg ^be gVi^[ hX^Zci^[^fjZ! Zm^\ZcXZ hX cd\gVe]^fjZ Zi eda^i^fjZ YZh ejWa^Xh 4 8aV^gZ H^bVgY 9^gZXig^XZ \ c gVaZ Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc! Fj WZX

6adgh bZgX^# ?Z kV^h igV^iZg YZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ# :aaZ kdfjZ WZVjXdje YZ fjZhi^dch! ZaaZh dci Y¼V^aaZjgh i a^WZaa Zh Y¼Zcig Z YZ _Zj YVch aV egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ XZi ViZa^Zg YZ XZi Veg h"b^Y^! bV^h bd^ _Z a¼VWdgYZgV^ W^Zc ZciZcYj eajh Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ fjZ _Z XdccV^h aZ b^Zjm! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aV egVi^fjZ Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^" hVi^dc | Fj WZX! eajh eVg gVeedgi | aV gZaVi^dc fjZ cdjh Vkdch VkZX aZh Y^[[ gZcih b^a^Zjm YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z edjg Y kZadeeZg cdh egd_Zih Y¼Zm" edh^i^dch# 6adgh XZgiV^ch Y¼ZcigZ kdjh XdccV^hhZo aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hV" i^dc bV^h _Z igdjkZ ^bedgiVci YZ gVeeZaZg Y¼Zcig Z YZ _Zj aZh a bZcih fj^ dci jcZ ^cX^YZcXZ Y^gZXiZ hjg hV egVi^fjZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# AZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc Zhi jc bjh Z YZ hdX^ i fj^ hZ XdchVXgZ | a¼VkZc" ijgZ ]jbV^cZ YZ idji iZbeh Zi YZ idji a^Zj# Dc cZ eZji ^bV\^cZg jc X]Vbe i] bVi^fjZ eajh kVhiZ! eajh \ c gZjm Zi eajh Zc\adWVci# Hdc VeegdX]Z Zhi bjai^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ Zi eajg^ZaaZ# >a [V^i VeeZa | idjiZh aZh hX^ZcXZh b bZ h^ aV Xdcig^Wji^dc YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh n Zhi eg edcY gVciZ# AZ bjh Z k^hZ a¼^ci \gVi^dc YZh hVkd^gh YVch jcZ egd\gVbbVi^dc egdWa bVi^fjZ fj^ hZ W}i^i | eVgi^g Y¼^Y Zh eaji i fj¼| eVgi^g YZh XdaaZXi^dch# AZ bjh Z hZ h^ijZ Vj XVggZ[djg Y¼jc bdcYZ +)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zc Xdci^cj^i Zi Zc YZkZc^g! XZ fj^ aZ XdcYj^i | g hZgkZg jcZ eaVXZ Vj igV^iZbZci YZ egdWa bVi^fjZh XdciZbedgV^cZh# Egd[dcY bZci Zc\V\ YVch aV Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc hZ kZji ^cXajh^[! djkZgi | idjh Zi ^ci \g | hV XdbbjcVji # HZ Y [^c^hhVci XdbbZ jc b Y^ViZjg ZcigZ aZ hVkd^g Zi aZ ejWa^X! ^a [V^i YZ aV Y^[[jh^dc aV [dcXi^dc Xa YZ hdc Y kZadeeZbZci# 9dcX YVch a¼ZheVXZ ejWa^X! aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc _djZ jc g aZ X]Vgc^ gZ ZcigZ a¼jc^kZgh YZ aV egdYjXi^dc YZh hVkd^gh Zi XZaj^ YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# BV^h fjZa Zhi a¼^beVXi YZ XZiiZ Y Äc^i^dc YZ cdigZ bjh Z hjg aV gZX]ZgX]Z 4 9d^i"dc edjg VjiVci eVgaZg Y¼jcZ Ydb^cVi^dc Y¼jcZ [dcX" i^dc hjg a¼VjigZ XdbbZ a¼ kdfjZ aZ a^WZaa YZ XZi ViZa^Zg 4 ?Z cZ Xgd^h eVh# Kd^g aZh X]dhZh Zc XZh iZgbZh hdjh"ZciZcY jcZ kdadci Y¼ZmZg" XZg jcZ hjeg bVi^Z dj jcZ Vjidg^i hdjkZgV^cZ hjg aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ Xg Zg ZcigZ ZaaZ Zi aV Y^[[jh^dc YZh gVeedgih Xdbe i^i^[h d ^a n VjgV^i jc \V\cVci Zi jc eZgYVci# 8Z hZgV^i djWa^Zg fjZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z [djg" c^i aV bVi^ gZ ^cY^heZchVWaZ | aV Y^[[jh^dc! fj¼ZaaZ ^gg^\jZ idjiZh cdh VXi^k^i h! fj¼ZaaZ [V^i eVgi^Z ^ci \gVciZ YZ aV Y bVgX]Z bjh d\gVe]^" fjZ# >a cZ h¼V\^i c^ Y¼jc VWVcYdc c^ Y¼jc Vhhj_Zii^hhZbZci | aV Y^[[j" h^dc bV^h W^Zc Y¼jcZ egVi^fjZ Xdc[dgbZ Vjm dg^ZciVi^dch eg^k^a \^ Zh eVg aZ bjh Z# AZ bdY aZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Zc k^\jZjg X]Zo cdjh XdggZh" edcY kgV^bZci | XZ fjZ cdjh hdbbZh# Cdjh YZkg^dch XdbeiZg hjg aV eg hZcXZ XdchiVciZ Y¼jcZ fj^eZ eZgbVcZciZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z edjg [dc" YZg aZh Vhh^hZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh YZh i] bZh | aV [d^h cdbWgZjm Zi kVg^ h fjZ cdjh Zmeadgdch Vj Äa YZh Vch# ² hV [VXZ b bZ! XZaV c¼Zhi c^ edh" h^WaZ c^ hdj]V^iVWaZ# Cdjh eg [ gdch cdjh VeejnZg hjg jc hZgk^XZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc Xdbedh Y¼jcZ fj^eZ gZhigZ^ciZ YZ XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ X]Zo cdjh YZh X]Vg\ h YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Zi [V^gZ VeeZa | YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh fj^ Zc YZ]dgh YZ aV he] gZ bjh VaZ Y kZadeeZci aZh hVkd^gh aZh eajh eZgi^cZcih hjg aZh i] bZh fjZ cdjh kdjadch Veegd[dc" Y^g# :c XZaV cdjh VYdeidch jcZ VeegdX]Z fj^ cZ a^b^iZ eVh aV gZX]Zg" X]Z | aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ bV^h fj^ aV \gZ[[Z Vj Y kZadeeZbZci \ c " gVa YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh# JcZ iZaaZ dg\Vc^hVi^dc XdggZhedcY Vjhh^ | aV kdadci ZmegZhhZ Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc YZ cZ eVh k^kgZ Zc VjiVg" X^Z bV^h YZ Y kZadeeZg YZh a^Zch YZ eVgiZcVg^Vi VkZX aZh b^a^Zjm hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZh# 8Zi fj^a^WgZ ZcigZ aZ [V^gZ Zi aZ [V^gZ [V^gZ cdjh YdccZ aV hdj" eaZhhZ c XZhhV^gZ edjg g jc^g Vjidjg YZ X]VfjZ egd_Zi Y¼Zmedh^i^dc aZh bZ^aaZjgZh Xdbe iZcXZh# 8¼Zhi | cdigZ Vk^h a¼jc YZh \gVcYh VkVciV\Zh Yj bdY aZ fjZ cdjh egVi^fjdch# BV^h ZcXdgZ [Vji"^a fj¼^a n V^i Vj hZ^c YZ cdigZ bjh Z k g^iVWaZbZci gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ YZjm jc^kZgh! XZaj^ YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh gViiVX] h aV eajeVgi Yj iZbeh | YZh jc^kZgh^i h Zi XZaj^ YZh b Y^ViZjgh XjaijgZah Yj bjh Z# :cXdgZ [Vji"^a XdcX^a^Zg YZh egVi^fjZh ,+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Y^[[ gZciZh b bZ h^ ZaaZh hdci Xdbea bZciV^gZh# 8ZaV cZ kV eVh YZ hd^!

W^Zc ZciZcYj! bV^h dWa^\Z aZ bjh Z | [djgc^g jc XVYgZ gZheZXiVci aZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh# 6j bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc! edjg XdcX^a^Zg ^be gV" i^[ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi Zm^\ZcXZ hX cd\gVe]^fjZ Zi eda^i^fjZ YZh ejWa^Xh! aV cdi^dc Y¼ fj^eZ Zhi [dcYVbZciVaZ# 8¼Zhi Vj hZ^c Y¼jcZ fj^eZ fjZ hZ [V^i aV gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ aZh egdYjXiZjgh Zi aZh kja\Vg^hViZjgh Yj hVkd^g!

Zi aV XdcX^a^Vi^dc Y eZcY YZ aZjgh XVeVX^i h eZghdccZaaZh Zi dg\Vc^hV" i^dccZaaZh# Edjg cdh egd_Zih Y¼Zmedh^i^dc! cdjh g jc^hhdch jc ZchZb" WaZ YZ X]ZgX]Zjgh Vj hZ^c Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji hX^Zci^[^fjZ bjai^" Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ fj^! aZ iZbeh Y¼jcZ ZcigZeg^hZ XdbbjcZ! Y kZadeeZ Zi Vgi^XjaZ aZ hVkd^g | igVchbZiigZ Zc igd^iZ gZaVi^dc VkZX aZh XdcXZe" iZjgh YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8]d^h^h edjg aV eZgi^cZcXZ YZ aZjgh igVkVjm aZh eajh g XZcih! XZh ZmeZgih cdjh [djgc^hhZci aV bVi^ gZ egZb^ gZ YZ a¼Zm" edh^i^dc! aZ [dcYZbZci hjg aZfjZa ZaaZ h¼Veej^Z# AZh X]ZgX]Zjgh hdci aV \VgVci^Z YZ hV fjVa^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# AZ Xdb^i eVgi^X^eZ | aV Y Äc^" i^dc YZ aV egdWa bVi^fjZ! | a¼dg^ZciVi^dc YZh igVkVjm YZ gZX]ZgX]Z! | a¼ kVajVi^dc YZh g hjaiVih# >a VYVeiZ jc Xdgejh Y _| Xdchigj^i YZ Y^kZg" hZh gZX]ZgX]Zh [dcYVbZciVaZh | jc i] bZ Y¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8]VXjc YZh bZbWgZh VeedgiZ jcZ Xdcig^Wji^dc egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ he X^[^fjZ Zc egdYj^hVci YZh gVeedgih YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Zi Zc VcVanhVci aZh YdXjbZcih higjXijgVcih YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# BV^h X¼Zhi kgV^bZci a¼^ciZgVXi^dc Xg Z Vj hZ^c Yj Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fj^ eZgbZi Y¼ZbWgVhhZg eajh aVg\ZbZci Zi eajh \adWVaZbZci aZh fjZhi^dch YVch jcZ VeegdX]Z ^ciZgY^hX^ea^cV^gZ# AZh X]ZgX]Zjgh eVgiV\Zci aZjgh ed^cih YZ kjZ Zi Xdcig^WjZci | aV hnc" i] hZ YZh hVkd^gh YZ iZaaZ hdgiZ fjZ aZ g hjaiVi YZ aV eZch Z XdaaZXi^kZ Zhi hje g^Zjg | XZaj^ YZh Xdcig^Wji^dch ^cY^k^YjZaaZh# 8¼Zhi \VaZbZci YVch a¼^ciZgVXi^dc ZcigZ aZh bZbWgZh Yj Xdb^i Zi aZh XdcXZeiZjgh YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc fjZ h¼Z[[ZXijZ aZ eVhhV\Z ZcigZ aZ egd_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi aZ egd_Zi bjh d\gVe]^fjZ# 8Z Y^Vad\jZ eZgbZi YZ XZgcZg aZ Y^hXdjgh YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc Zi Y¼Zc VhhjgZg aV g^\jZjg# 8ZaV hjeedhZ fjZ aZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh h¼ZciZcYZci hjg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ eg VaVWaZh edjg iVWa^g aZh WVhZh Y¼jcZ XdcX^a^Vi^dc g jhh^Z / aZh gZhedchVW^a^i h YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh Zi YZh bjh d\gVe]Zh Zi aZjgh X]Vbeh Y¼ZmeZgi^hZ! aZh Zm^\ZcXZh YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZ aV bjh d\gVe]^Z! aV Xdcig^Wji^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z | a¼Zmedh^i^dc! aZh XVgVXi g^hi^fjZh Yj b Y^V Zi aZh Y bVgX]Zh | hj^kgZ# AZh X]Vg\ h YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh Vj hZ^c Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc _djZci jc g aZ c kgVa\^fjZ# AZjg eg hZcXZ Zhi Y¼VjiVci eajh c XZhhV^gZ fjZ aZ bjh Z igV^iZ YZ i] bZh hdX^Vjm fj^ cZ hdci eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci Yj gZhhdgi YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ YZh XdchZgkViZjgh c^ YZh X]Vg\ h YZ egd" _Zi Ydci aV gZhedchVW^a^i Zhi YZ igVch[dgbZg aZ aVc\V\Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zc aVc\V\Z Y¼Zmedh^i^dc# AV egZb^ gZ [dcXi^dc Yj X]Vg\ YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh ++

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zhi Y¼ igZ a¼^ciZgadXjiZjg Yj bjh Z Vjeg h YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh fj¼^a ^YZc" i^ÄZ! gZXgjiZ! ZcXVYgZ YjgVci idjiZ aV XdcYj^iZ YZ aZjgh igVkVjm ^cY^" k^YjZah Zi XdaaZXi^[h# >a VhhjgZ aV XddgY^cVi^dc Yj Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! YZ a¼ aVWdgVi^dc _jhfj¼| aV kVa^YVi^dc Yj Y^hXdjgh a^kg YVch a¼Zmedh^" i^dc# 8]Zk^aaZ djkg^ gZ ZcigZ aZ egd_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi bjh d\gVe]^" fjZ! aZ X]Vg\ YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh [VX^a^iZ a¼^ciZgVXi^dc ZcigZ aZh ^chiVcXZh fj^ Xdchigj^hZci aZh hVkd^gh Zi XZaaZh fj^ Xdbbjc^fjZci Vjm ejWa^Xh# >a hZ h^ijZ YdcX Vj XVggZ[djg d hZ gZcXdcigZci X]ZgX]Zjgh Zi XdcXZe" iZjgh Y¼Zmedh^i^dc! hV hZch^W^a^i dj hdc aVc\V\Z aZ gZcY VeiZ | gZbea^g eaZ^cZbZci hV [dcXi^dc# Hdc g aZ hjeedhZ \VaZbZci fj¼^a igVkV^aaZ Zc k g^iVWaZ iVcYZb VkZX aZ X]Vg\ YZ egd_Zi YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# AZjgh gVe" edgih Yd^kZci igZ [dcY h hjg jcZ XdaaVWdgVi^dc [gVcX]Z Zi djkZgiZ! jcZ XdcÄVcXZ bjijZaaZ V^ch^ fjZ aZ gZheZXi YZ a¼ZmeZgi^hZ YZ a¼jc Zi YZ a¼VjigZ# HV gZhedchVW^a^i Zm^\Z YZ \gVcYZh Xdbe iZcXZh egd[Zhh^dc" cZaaZh Zi Y¼^bedgiVciZh fjVa^i h eZghdccZaaZh# AZ X]Vg\ YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh Yd^i Vkd^g jcZ XVeVX^i YZ hnci] hZ Zi Y¼^ci \gVi^dc YVch jcZ eZgh" eZXi^kZ ^ciZgY^hX^ea^cV^gZ Zi Yd^i Xg Zg jcZ hncZg\^Z ZcigZ eZghdccZh Y¼jc^kZgh Y^[[ gZcih VÄc fj¼ZaaZh Vgg^kZci | jcZ k^h^dc XdbbjcZ Yj egd_Zi# AV Xdcig^Wji^dc YZh jch Zi YZh VjigZh | a¼^ci g^Zjg Y¼jcZ Y bVg" X]Z XaV^gZ Yd^i igZ W^Zc g Y Z bV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh hj[ÄhVbbZci hdj" eaZ edjg h¼VYVeiZg Vjm WZhd^ch Zi Vjm g Va^i h YZ X]VfjZ Zmedh^i^dc# AV gZX]ZgX]Z hZ Y XdjeZ Zc Y^[[ gZciZh e]VhZh! YZ a¼ZmeadgVi^dc Yj i] bZ | aV kVa^YVi^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# :aaZ Zhi [dcYVbZciVaZ" bZci dg^Zci Z kZgh aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc! YdcX hdc dW_ZXi^[ Zhi YZ [V^gZ VkVcXZg aV Y^[[jh^dc YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ Vjeg h Y¼jc aVg\Z ejWa^X# :aaZ c¼Zhi YdcX eVh eg VaVWaZ | a¼ aVWdgVi^dc YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc bV^h ^cXajhZ Zc hdc egdXZhhjh b bZ Ydci ZaaZ [V^i eVgi^Z ^ci \gVciZ# >a cZ h¼V\^i eVh Y¼jc eVgXdjgh | gZa^Zg d YVch jc egZb^Zg iZbeh aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh egd" Yj^gV^Zci aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! aZ igVchbZiigV^Zci Vj X]Vg\ YZ egd" _Zi fj^ | hdc idjg aZ igVchbZiigV^i Vj ejWa^X# AV Y bVgX]Z eg kd^i eaj" i i YZh iVeZh higjXijgVciZh YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc d hZ _d^\cZci gZX]ZgX]Z Zi Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# AV XdcX^a^Vi^dc hZ [V^i Vj bdbZci X]Vgc^ gZ eg X^h# 8]ZgX]Zjgh Zi XdcXZeiZjgh Xgd^hZci aZjgh gZ\VgYh Zi aZjgh ed^cih YZ kjZ Vjidjg YZ YdXjbZcih [dcYViZjgh egdYj^ih idjg | idjg eVg aZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh Zc hj^kVci aV h fjZcXZ hj^kVciZ# JcZ gZX]ZgX]Z ZmeadgVid^gZ XdcYj^i Vjm dg^ZciVi^dch YZ a¼Zmedh^" i^dc! jcZ gZX]ZgX]Z i] bVi^fjZ Vj XdcXZei! jcZ gZX]ZgX]Z YdXjbZc" iV^gZ Vj hX cVg^d# A¼Zmedh^i^dc hZ Xdchigj^i YdcX hZh Vhh^hZh hjg igd^h Xdcig^Wji^dch hjXXZhh^kZh Zi _jbZa Zh / jc Y^Vad\jZ Åj^YZ Zi eZgb V" WaZ Vjm jch Vjm VjigZh Zi jc egdX Y eVg VXi^dc Zi g VXi^dc d a¼dc gZ\VgYZ aZ egd_Zi eVg aZh YZjm Wdjih YZ aV adg\cZiiZ! iVci i Yj ed^ci YZ ,-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

kjZ Yj X]ZgX]Zjg! iVci i Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ Yj Xdbbjc^XViZjg# BV^h jc VjigZ ed^ci YZ kjZ eZji h¼V_djiZg Zc Xdjgh YZ gdjiZ / XZaj^ Yj k^h^iZjg# 6jhh^ hdjkZci fjZ edhh^WaZ aZ bjh Z b cZ YZh ijYZh Y¼ kVajVi^dc eg VaVWaZh dj [dgbVi^kZh Ydci ^a ^ci \gZ ^bb Y^ViZbZci aZh g hjaiVih# HZadc aZh WZhd^ch! ^a eZji k g^ÄZg aZh gZeg hZciVi^dch hdX^VaZh! aZ c^kZVj YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh dj YZ hZch^W^a^i | jc i] bZ! iZhiZg YZh b XVc^hbZh YZ b Y^Vi^dc! egZcYgZ aZ edjah Y¼jc ejWa^X k^h # 7gZ[! kVajZg edjg [V^gZ kdajZg aZ egd_Zi Y¼Zmedh^i^dc YVch aV WdccZ Y^gZXi^dc Zi Xg Zg aZh bZ^aaZjgZh XdcY^i^dch edjg ViiZ^cYgZ hZh dW_ZXi^[h# 8Z bdY aZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z dg^Zci kZgh aV Y^[[jh^dc h¼VYVeiZ | Y^[[ gZcih XVh YZ Ä\jgZ# ?Z edjggV^h b bZ Y^gZ fjZ X]VfjZ Zmedh^i^dc Zhi jc XVh YZ Ä\jgZ! aV cVijgZ Yj hj_Zi! aZh edhh^W^a^i h YZ igV^iZbZci! a¼ iVi YZh XdccV^hhVc" XZh! aZh Y^hX^ea^cZh hdaa^X^i Zh! aZh eZghdccZh ^bea^fj Zh! aZh XdciZmiZh YZ egdYjXi^dc! aV Y^hiVcXZ | [gVcX]^g ZcigZ aZ ed^ci YZ Y eVgi! a¼^Y Z! Zi aZ ed^ci Y¼Vgg^k Z! a¼Zmedh^i^dc! hdci VjiVci Y¼ a bZcih fj^ dci jcZ ^cÅjZcXZ hjg aZ g hjaiVi YZ [V dc edh^i^kZ dj c \Vi^kZ# 9 kZadeeZg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc i] bVi^fjZ YVch jc Zck^gdccZbZci bjai^b Y^Vi^fjZ YZhi^c | jc aVg\Z ejWa^X Zhi jc ZmZgX^XZ XdbeaZmZ# AV XdcX^a^Vi^dc a¼Zhi Vjhh^# AV g jhh^iZ Y eZcY WZVjXdje YZ aV hncZg" \^Z Xg Z ZcigZ YZh eZghdccZh egdkZcVci Y¼jc^kZgh Y^[[ gZcih bV^h g j" c^Zh Vjidjg Y¼jcZ egdYjXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ fj¼Zhi a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8ZaV hje" edhZ YZh eZghdccZah egd[Zhh^dccZah Zi dg\Vc^hVi^dccZah b^h Vj hZgk^XZ Y¼jc dW_ZXi^[ Xdbbjc / Xg Zg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ kja\Vg^hZ aZ hVkd^g Y kZadee eVg aV hX^ZcXZ YZ iZaaZ hdgiZ fjZ aZ X^idnZc ej^hhZ aVg\^g hZh XdccV^hhVcXZh! ZmZgXZg hdc Zheg^i Xg^i^fjZ Zi b^Zjm VhhjbZg hV gZhedc" hVW^a^i hdX^VaZ# 8]VfjZ egd_Zi Y¼Zmedh^i^dc Xg Z jc gVeegdX]ZbZci ^cY c^VWaZ ZcigZ aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc Zi aZ b^a^Zj hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# 6j"YZa| YZh a^Zch ^cY^k^YjZah fj¼^a Y kZadeeZ VkZX aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh! aZ bjh Z V YZh gVeedgih ^chi^iji^dccZah eg^k^a \^ h VkZX aZh jc^kZgh^i h VkZX aZhfjZaaZh ^a igVkV^aaZ# 6jiVci aZh ^cY^k^Yjh fjZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch kd^Zci a¼^ci g i Y¼ igZ VhhdX^ h | a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh VaZ Zi YZh ^c^i^Vi^" kZh g XZciZh i bd^\cZci YZ aV gZXdccV^hhVcXZ \gVcY^hhVciZ Yj bjh Z XdbbZ gZaV^h XjaijgZa Zi a^Zj ^cXdcidjgcVWaZ YZ b Y^Vi^dc Yj hVkd^g! aZ bjh Z \V\cVci V^ch^ Zc Xg Y^W^a^i Zi Zc a \^i^b^i # AZ gVndccZ" bZci YZ a¼jc^kZgh^i eVhhZ eVg aV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg YZh g Va^hVi^dch YZ XZh bZbWgZh# :aaZ kZji igZ gZXdccjZ eVg XZ fj¼ZaaZ VeedgiZ | aV hdX^ i ! aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh! bV^h ZaaZ hdj]V^iZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ gZc" [dgXZg hZh a^Zch VkZX aV edejaVi^dc Zc VXXgd^hhVci hV eg hZcXZ Zc YZ]dgh YZ hZh bjgh# AZ bjh Z aj^ d[[gZ XZiiZ edhh^W^a^i # H^ XZgiV^cZh XdaaVWdgV" i^dch hdci edcXijZaaZh! Y¼VjigZh dci idji VkVciV\Z | h¼^chXg^gZ YVch jcZ gZaVi^dc | adc\ iZgbZ Zi | YZkZc^g eajh [dgbZaaZh# Cdjh Vkdch YdcX +-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

VXXZei aZh egdedh^i^dch [V^iZh eVg aZ b^a^Zj jc^kZgh^iV^gZ YZ h^\cZg YZh egdidXdaZh Y¼ZciZciZ# Cdjh c¼] h^idch eVh | eVgaZg YZ ÄY a^hVi^dc YZ cdh eVgiZcV^gZh XdbbZ cdjh eVgadch YZ ÄY a^hVi^dc YZ cdh k^h^iZjgh# 8ZiiZ gZaVi^dc c¼Zhi eVh ZmXajh^kZ edjg VjiVci! Y eZcYVci YZh hj_Zih he X^Va^h h# AZ bjh Z Zhi idj_djgh | a¼V[[ i YZ aV eZch Z aV eajh eZgi^" cZciZ! YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh aZh eajh | _djg Zi ^a kV aZh X]ZgX]Zg a| d ZaaZh hZ igdjkZci# BV^h aZh ZciZciZh YZ eVgiZcVg^Vi! XdbbZ XZaaZh fjZ cdjh Vkdch VkZX a¼jc^kZgh^i AVkVa | Fj WZX YZej^h bV^ciZcVci X^cf Vch! cdjh eZgbZiiZci YZ b^Zjm higjXijgZg cdh X]Vc\Zh Y¼^c[dgbVi^dc!

Y¼ZmeZgi^hZ Zi YZ hZgk^XZ# Cdjh gZXZkdch \VaZbZci YZh egdedh^i^dch egdkZcVci YZh jc^kZgh^i h! ^chi^ijih Zi XZcigZh YZ gZX]ZgX]Z edjg igV^" iZg Y¼jc i] bZ fj^ ^ci gZhhZ eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh! X¼Zhi jc e] cdb cZ \gVcY^hhVci# IdjiZh cZ XdggZhedcYZci eVh | cdh edhh^W^" a^i h Zi eg^dg^i h bV^h XZgiV^cZh hZ igVYj^hZci eVg YZh ZciZciZh [dgbZa" aZh Zi YZh g Va^hVi^dch XdcXg iZh# 8¼Zhi aZ XVh Yj B^iVXf! jc XZcigZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z gZ\gdjeVci igZciZ"igd^h jc^kZgh^i h XVcVY^ZccZh Zi igd^h jc^" kZgh^i h Vb g^XV^cZh! a¼jc^kZgh^i AVkVa VkZX fj^ cdjh Vkdch XdckZcj YZ Y kZadeeZg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg aZh VkVcX Zh YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! hZh Y Äh Zi Zc_Zjm# <g}XZ | cdh eVgiZcV^gZh! cdjh Vkdch VXX h | jc kVhiZ WVhh^c YZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Ydci aZh gZX]ZgX]Zh YZ ed^ciZ cdjgg^gdci aZ XdcXZei YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8Z bdYZ YZ XdaaVWdgVi^dc h¼^chiVjgZ Zc Vbdci YZ aV egd" \gVbbVi^dc! YVch hV eaVc^ÄXVi^dc b bZ! Zi Y^[[ gZ Zc XZaV Yj bdY aZ Zc k^\jZjg# >ah cZ h¼^chXg^kZci eVh YVch jc egdXZhhjh YZ XdbbVcYZ d a¼dc gZi^Zci aZh hZgk^XZh Y¼jc X]ZgX]Zjg edjg VhhZd^g aZh Vhh^hZh hX^Zci^" ÄfjZh Y¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc bV^h W^Zc Y¼jc eVgiZcVg^Vi d a¼jc^kZgh^i Zi aZ XZcigZ ^ckZhi^hhZci YZ aZjgh gZhhdjgXZh edjg g Va^hZg jc egd_Zi Xdb" bjc VkZX cdjh# HdjX^Zjm \VaZbZci Y¼Vkd^g jc eaVc YZ Y^[[jh^dc Vj Wdji Yj eVgXdjgh YZ gZX]ZgX]Z! aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh hdaa^X^iZci Vjhh^ a¼Veej^ Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc YVch aZjg YZbVcYZ edjg Xg Zg YZh X]V^gZh dj YZh egd_Zih YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Y¼ZckZg\jgZ# 8¼Zhi cdiVbbZci aZ XVh Y¼jc kVhiZ egd_Zi fj^ hZ Y gdjaZ Vj 8VcVYV! ^ci^ija ® AZh 8VcVY^Zch Zi aZjg eVhh ¯ VjfjZa cdjh hdbbZh VhhdX^ h# AZ Y kZadeeZbZci VXX a g YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh Zi YZh iZX]cdad" \^Zh! aZjgh ^cÅjZcXZh hjg aZh Zc_Zjm hdX^Vjm! Xdcdb^fjZh Zi Xdad\^" fjZh VXijZah XdbbVcYZci jc Y^Vad\jZ ZcigZ hX^ZcXZ Zi hdX^ i # 8¼ iV^i Y¼V^aaZjgh aZ i] bZ Y¼jc XdaadfjZ! fj^ V Zj a^Zj ^a n V fjZafjZh _djgh | eZ^cZ Vj Fj WZX! YZ a¼6hhdX^Vi^dc [gVcXde]dcZ Yj hVkd^g# AZh X]Zg" X]Zjgh hZ hdci ^ciZggd\ h hjg aZjgh gZaVi^dch | aV hdX^ i ! aZjgh Zc\V\Z" bZcih YVch a¼ZheVXZ ejWa^X! aZh ViiZciZh | aZjg \VgY V^ch^ fjZ hjg aZh XdcY^i^dch fj^ [Vkdg^hZgV^Zci aZjg eVgi^X^eVi^dc | jc Y^Vad\jZ VXXgj VkZX aV edejaVi^dc# 8Zh fjZafjZh ZmZbeaZh i bd^\cZci | aV [d^h YZ aV ,/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

gZXdccV^hhVcXZ YZh bjh Zh XdbbZ a^Zjm YZ kja\Vg^hVi^dc YZh hVkd^gh! d eZji hZ [V^gZ aZ igVch[Zgi YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh kZgh aZ ejWa^X! Zi Y¼jc ^ci g i \gVcY^hhVci YZ aV eVgi YZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh | h¼^chXg^gZ YVch a¼Zh" eVXZ ejWa^X fjZ cdjh d[[gdch# AZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh hZ gZ_d^\cZci YVch jcZ Y bVgX]Z X^idnZccZ# AZh a^Zch fj^ cdjh jc^hhZci Y _|! XZjm fj^ Y kZadeeZci aZ hVkd^g Zi XZjm fj^ aZ kja\Vg^hZci! hZ gZc[dgXZci Zi hZ gZh" hZggZci! Zi XZ edjg aZ W c ÄXZ iVci edjg aZ b^a^Zj YZ aV hX^ZcXZ fjZ Yj b^a^Zj YZ aV bjh dad\^Z# 6adgh X¼Zhi a¼Zme g^ZcXZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h kdjh Zmeg^bZg Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc eVg gVeedgi | hV egVi^fjZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z dg^Zci Z kZgh aZh Zmedh^i^dch# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z YZ kdigZ ViiZci^dc# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc BZgX^ BVYVbZ H^bVgY# Cdjh Vkdch a| jcZ eg hZciVi^dc YZ aV Y bVgX]Z Zi YZ aV egdX YjgZ fj^ Zhi X a WgZ! fj^ Xdchi^ijZ jcZ g [ gZcXZ Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc hjg aV [V dc YZ igVch[dgbZg aZh XdccV^hhVcXZh hX^Zci^Ä" fjZh Zc Zmedh^i^dc! Zi idji eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci a|! aV b^hZ Zc eaVXZ YZh eVg" iZcVg^Vih Zi YZh a^Zch VkZX aZ bdcYZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# ?Z kV^h eVhhZg aV eVgdaZ | Bdch^Zjg GZb^X]Z fj^ kV cdjh eVgaZg YZ ® aV eaVXZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ YVch aV Y bVgX]Z bjh VaZ# A¼ZmZbeaZ XZiiZ [d^h"X^ Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ ¯#

AV eaVXZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ YVch aV Y bVgX]Z bjh VaZ / a¼ZmZbeaZ Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z HZXg iV^gZ \ c gVa YZ a¼6hhdX^Vi^dc Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ! 7gjmZaaZh

BZgX^# FjVcY aZ bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ V gZ j a¼^ck^iVi^dc Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h | eVgi^X^eZg | XZh _djgc Zh YZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aZ bjh Z Xdc j XdbbZ a^Zj YZ gZX]ZgX]Z! Y¼VXfj^h^i^dc! YZ XdchZgkVi^dc Zi YZ gZhi^" iji^dc! _¼V^ eZch fj¼^a cZ h¼VYgZhhV^i eVh Vj Wdc bjh Z ej^hfjZ _¼VkV^h a¼^begZhh^dc fjZ _¼VaaV^h _djZg aZ g aZ YZ a¼^bedhiZjg! YVch aV bZhjgZ d cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh YZ XdaaZXi^dch egdegZh! cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh ZcXdgZ YZ a^Zjm! cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh Y¼^chi^ijih YZ gZX]ZgX]Z! cdjh cZ XdchZg" kdch eVh! Zi aV hZjaZ X]dhZ fjZ cdjh [V^hdch! XZ hdci YZh Zmedh^i^dch edjg a¼^chiVci# :c eajh YZ V! _¼VkV^h aZ hZci^bZci Y¼ igZ jc ^bedhiZjg eVgXZ fjZ bV [dgbVi^dc egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ cZ bZ XdcYj^hV^i eVh hedc" iVc bZci | b¼^ci gZhhZg Vj bjh Z# ?¼V^ Zj jcZ [dcXi^dc jc^kZgh^iV^gZ ej^h _¼V^ igVkV^aa YVch aV ]VjiZ [dcXi^dc ejWa^fjZ Zi X¼Zhi YZej^h Y^m Vch hZjaZbZci fjZ _Z hj^h ^bbZg\ YVch XZ bdcYZ"a|# 9dcX h^ kdjh VkZo Zj a¼VjYVXZ Y¼^ck^iZg jc ^bedhiZjg! _¼Zhe gZ fjZ kdjh VjgZo aV ,%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Xdbeg ]Zch^dc k^h"|"k^h YZ egdedh fj^ edjggdci eVgV igZ | XZgiV^ch bdbZcih ^XdcdXaVhiZh# 6adgh eZji" igZ fj¼^a Zhi Wdc · _Z b¼Zc ZmXjhZ Vjeg h YZ XZjm fj^ XdccV^hhZci aZ egd_Zi · YZ gVeeZaZg ig h Wg^ kZbZci XZ fj¼Zhi aZ egd_Zi Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ# 8¼Zhi Y¼VWdgY jcZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ ^hhjZ YZ aV hdX^ i X^k^aZ# 8¼Zhi jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ eZghdccZh fj^ dci g Va^h YZh Zmed" h^i^dch Y^kZghZh Zi fj^ hZ hdci Y^i jc _djg ® ed \[hW_j X_[d kd[ ]hWdZ[ [nfei_j_ed [d (&&& ikh bÊ^_ije_h[ Z[ bÊ;khef[ ¯# :i g ÅZm^dc hZ [V^hVci! dc h¼Zhi Y^i / ® wW c h_j[ c_[kn gkÊkd[ [nfei_j_ed" W c h_j[ kd cki [$ ¯ Edjg jcZ YdjWaZ gV^hdc# A¼:jgdeZ cZ eZji eajh VkVcXZg hdjh aZ h^beaZ bVhfjZ YZ a¼ Xdcd" b^Z hVch g k aZg Vj [dcY a¼]dg^odc YZ hZch fj^ Zhi aZ h^Zc Zi eVg V^aaZjgh!

V V Yj hZch | 7gjmZaaZh YVch aV bZhjgZ d aZh k^h^iZjgh fj^ kZjaZci gZcXdcigZg a¼:jgdeZ dj aZh X^idnZch fj^ kZjaZci gZcXdcigZg a¼:jgdeZ cZ idbWZci fjZ hjg YZh W}i^bZcih VYb^c^higVi^[h fj^ aZjg YdccZci a¼^begZhh^dc! edjg gZegZcYgZ a¼ZmegZhh^dc Yj \ c gVa YZ <VjaaZ! Y¼ igZ [VXZ | jc \gVcY ® bVX]^c ¯! WjgZVjXgVi^fjZ! Zi Ydci ^ah cZ eZg d^kZci eVh aZ hZch# 8ZaV iVci Y^i! dc iV^i Vgb Y¼jc hZja egd_Zi! hVch hdji^Zc Zi YdcX cdjh Vkdch Y eadn jcZ higVi \^Z fj^ iV^i Y¼jcZ eVgi Y¼^ch" iVaaZg a¼^Y Z YZ g Va^hZg XZ bjh Z Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi Y¼Vjid"^chi^ijZg jcZ b^hh^dc YZ eg Ä\jgVi^dc# >chiVaaZg a¼^Y Z c¼V eVh i h^beaZ YVch aV bZhjgZ d ! edjg aZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh Zi aZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh g \^d" cVjm WgjmZaad^h! eZcYVci adc\iZbeh a¼:jgdeZ eaji i fjZ Y¼ igZ eZg jZ XdbbZ jcZ X]VcXZ! XdbbZ jcZ [Zc igZ Y¼djkZgijgZ kZgh aZ bdcYZ! iV^i eaji i eZg jZ XdbbZ jcZ ZmiZgcVa^i c \Vi^kZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YZh ^beaVciVi^dch jc eZj hVjkV\Zh hdjkZci g Va^h Zh eVg YZh egdbdiZjgh ^bbdW^a^Zgh eZj hXgjejaZjm YZ bV^ciZc^g jc i^hhj jgWV^c! Zi fj^ VkV^Zci YdcX XVjh YZh ]VjhhZh YZ hVaV^gZ! YZh YZhigjXi^dch YZ fjVgi^Zg! bV^h ZcÄc a¼^beaVciVi^dc YZ a¼:jgdeZ | 7gjmZaaZh X¼ iV^i Vjhh^ VjigZ X]dhZ# :i cdjh Vkdch Vadgh Y kZadee YZh VXi^k^i h YZ eg Ä\jgVi^dc fj^ VkV^Zci edjg [dcXi^dc _Z Y^gV^h Y¼ZhhVnZg | aV [d^h Y¼^chiVaaZg XZiiZ ^Y Z bV^h Vjhh^ YZ Y Äc^g cdigZ egd_Zi# Dc VkV^i jcZ ^cij^i^dc bV^h aZ Xdcidjg Yj egd_Zi c¼ iV^i eVh Y iZgb^c # Cdjh Vkdch XdbbZcX eVg jc XdaadfjZ hjg aZ i] bZ YZh [gdci^ gZh YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi | X i YZh Xg^i " gZh YZ XdckZg\ZcXZ Xdcdb^fjZ! YZh Xg^i gZh YZ XdckZg\ZcXZ eda^i^fjZ! n VjgV^i"^a YZh Xg^i gZh YZ XdckZg\ZcXZ XjaijgZaaZ 4 AV g ÅZm^dc iV^i Zc &...! ZaaZ c¼ iV^i eVh Vjhh^ | aV bdYZ fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi edjg cdjh X¼ iV^i ^bedgiVci edjg ZhhVnZg YZ XZgcZg a¼dW_Zi b bZ Yj bjh Z# ?Z kdjh gVhhjgZ idji YZ hj^iZ! ^a c¼n V eVh Yj idji jcZ k^h^dc jcVc^b^hiZ bV^h X¼Zhi aZ fjZhi^dccZbZci fj^ cdjh hZbWaV^i YZkd^g igZ | a¼¶jkgZ YVch a¼ fj^eZ fj^ VaaV^i g Va^hZg aZ bjh Z# -'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Cdjh Vkdch ZcX]V c eVg aZ ]VhVgY YZh Zmedh^i^dch · dc edjggV^i [V^gZ jcZ gVi^dcVa^hVi^dc W feij[h_eh_ bV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ a^Zj# JcZ Zmed" h^i^dc fjZ cdjh Vkdch VeeZa Z ® AV 7ZaaZ :jgdeZ ¯ fj^ h¼Zhi Y eadn Z hjg eg h YZ ( %%% b igZh XVgg h d ^a h¼V\^hhV^i Y¼^ciZggd\Zg a¼jc^i XjaijgZaaZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ Vjidjg YZ &.%% | igVkZgh aZ e] cdb cZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch jc^kZghZaaZh# :i edjgfjd^ Vk^dch"cdjh X]d^h^ XZ i] bZ"a|!

X¼Zhi fj¼^a cdjh hZbWaV^i ^ci gZhhVci eVg Z[[Zi b^gd^g Y¼^ciZggd\Zg a¼:j" gdeZ Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^# ² a¼ edfjZ! a¼:jgdeZ Zhi h gZ YZ hZh kVaZjgh! aZh ZmedgiZ YZ \g dj YZ [dgXZ Vj gZhiZ Yj bdcYZ! ZaaZ hZ k^i XdbbZ VnVci jc bZhhV\Z | Y a^kgZg Vj gZhiZ YZ a¼]jbVc^i ! ZaaZ V XdcÄVcXZ YVch aZ egd\g h! fj¼Zc Zhi"^a Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 :i V cdjh hZbWaV^i XZi Z[[Zi b^gd^g XZiiZ :jgdeZ Vjidjg YZ &.%% d a¼jc^i XjaijgZaaZ Zi b bZ egZhfjZ eda^i^fjZ Zhi [V^iZ! kdjh VkZo YZh eg Ä\jgVi^dch YZ a¼:jgd VkZX a¼Jc^dc bdc iV^gZ aVi^cZ ! Y¼^ciZggd\Zg a¼:jgdeZ Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^# AV YZjm^ bZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ k^Zci YZ [ZgbZg hZh edgiZh! X¼ iV^i jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg YZjm bdYZh Y¼Zbead^h# ² a¼^ckZghZ! a¼^Y Z c¼ iV^i eVh Y¼^ciZggd\Zg a¼jc^i XjaijgZaaZ bV^h aV Y^kZgh^i YZh gZa^\^dch Yj bdcYZ! a¼:jgdeZ iVci jc XgZjhZi YZ XZh gZa^\^dch# 8]VfjZ [d^h! XZh Zmedh^i^dch iV^Zci Xdbea i Zh eVg YZh XdaadfjZh ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm edjg ZhhVnZg Y¼Vbea^ÄZg aV g ÅZm^dc Zi aV Y bVgX]Z# EVgVaa aZbZci | XZh VXi^k^i h YZ eg Ä\jgVi^dc! dc V g Å X]^ | aV XdcXZei^dc Yj bjh Z aj^" b bZ! Zi XZiiZ XdcXZei^dc iV^i [dgiZbZci bVgfj Z eVg a¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ | jc g hZVj# Adghfj¼dc V Zj cdigZ egZb^ gZ bVc^[ZhiVi^dc ejWa^" fjZ Zc &...! dc h¼Zhi VeZg j fj¼^a n VkV^i YZh iVh YZ egd_Zih YZ bjh Zh YZ a¼:jgdeZ eg hZcih Zc :jgdeZ dj fj¼^a n Zc VkV^i Zc idji XVh fj^ hZ gZeZchV^Zci! gZeZchV^Zci aZjgh eVgXdjgh Zc ^ci \gVci aV Y^bZch^dc Zjgde ZccZ dj aZ gZ\VgY Zjgde Zc XdbbZ iVci Xdchi^iji^[ YZ aZjgh eVgXdjgh# 8¼Zhi aZ XVh Yj :[kjiY^[i >_ijeh_iY^[i Cki[kc! X¼Zhi aZ XVh k^" YZbbZci Yj bjh Z YZh 8^k^a^hVi^dch YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi YZ aV B Y^iZggV" c Z# Cdjh Vkdch Xdchi^ij jc k g^iVWaZ g hZVj Zi VhhZo hedciVc bZci! edjg cZ eVh [V^gZ YZ YdjWadch! 7gjmZaaZh h¼Zhi ^chXg^i eaji i XdbbZ iVci aZ bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ! YZ a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ YZ a¼:j" gdeZ# ² iZa ed^ci fj¼dc h¼Zhi eVg[d^h Y^i ZcigZ cdjh fjZ X¼Zhi aZ g hZVj fj^ hZgV^i aZ bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ Ydci X]VfjZ Zci^i hZgV^i jc bV^aadc YZ aV X]V cZ# :i ^a V [Vaaj g Å X]^g | XZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa XZ fj^ [V^i fj¼dc Zhi Vgg^k | jcZ higjXijgVi^dc fj^ Zhi | eZj eg h aV hj^kVciZ# 8Z hdci YZjm eVgXdjgh eZgbVcZcih fj^ hdci YZjm ^chiVaaVi^dch Y¼ kZ^a | a¼]^hid^gZ! jcZ hjg a¼]^hid^gZ XdjgiZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ! jcZ VjigZ hjg a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ! jc eVgXdjgh kVg^VWaZ / X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼^a cZ cdjh hZbWaV^i eVh edhh^WaZ YZ gVbZcZg a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ hjg ' %%% b igZh XVgg h Zi YdcX cdjh Vkdch Xg jc [Zj^aaZidc YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zc ,'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

]j^i e^hdYZh ZmVXiZbZci hdjh aZ bdY aZ Y¼jc [Zj^aaZidc i a k^hjZa bV^h fj^ hZgV^i ^X^ Zc igd^h Y^bZch^dch# :i cdjh c¼Vkdch fjVcY b bZ eVh gZcdcX | YZh Zmedh^i^dch i] bVi^fjZh dj iZbedgV^gZh eVgXZ fjZ h^ cdigZ XVgVXi gZ Zhi ]^hidg^fjZ! ^a cdjh hZbWaV^i ^bedgiVci Y¼VXXjZ^aa^g YZh Zmedh^i^dch Yj g hZVj Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi eVg V^aaZjgh Y¼^c" iZggd\Zg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ fjZhi^dch fj^ [dci hZch eVg gVeedgi Vj ejWa^X# AZ a^Zj iV^i X]d^h^ eVg Y X^h^dc Yj EVgaZbZci Zjgde Zc! dc YZkV^i ^ci \gZg jc ZheVXZ YVch aZ EVgaZbZci Zjgde Zc Y¼Zck^gdc , *%% b igZh XVgg h# :i ej^h jcZ Xdc_dcXijgZ eda^i^fjZ bVa]ZjgZjhZ! jc eg h^YZci Yj EVgaZbZci Zjgde Zc fj^ Y XdjkgZ Zc b bZ iZbeh fjZ hdc h^ \Z YZ Y eji aV eg h^YZcXZ Yj EVgaZbZci! jc \djkZgcZbZci WZa\Z Zbe ig YVch YZh Y^hXjhh^dch hjg a¼VkZc^g YZ a¼wiVi WZa\Z! Wadfj YVch hZh Y X^" h^dch! WgZ[! aZ a^Zj cdjh eVhhZ hdjh aZ cZo h^ kdjh bZ eZgbZiiZo a¼ZmegZh" h^dc Vj bdbZci d dc gZ d^i aZh ÄcVcXZbZcih YZ a¼wiVi# AV WjgZVj" XgVi^Z Zjgde ZccZ VkV^i eg [ g [V^gZ jc XZcigZ Y¼VXXjZ^a YZ k^h^iZjgh dj jc XZcigZ Y¼^ciZgeg iVi^dc hig^XiZbZci a^ Vj EVgaZbZci Zjgde Zc eaji i fjZ Y¼VXXjZ^aa^g jcZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ YZ aV hdX^ i X^k^aZ# 6j_djgY¼]j^ cdjh hdbbZh Xdc[gdci h | eVgi^X^eZg bVa\g idji edjg ZhhVnZg YZ gZYgZhhZg Vj bVm^bjb XZ XZcigZ Y¼VXXjZ^a YZh k^h^iZjgh Yj EVgaZ" bZci Zjgde Zc! | aV gZX]ZgX]Z Y¼jc a^Zj YVch 7gjmZaaZh d | cdjkZVj jcZ [Zc igZ Y¼deedgijc^i hZbWaZ hZ eg hZciZg ej^hfjZ a¼VXijZa eg h^" YZci Yj EVgaZbZci Zjgde Zc Zhi Xdbea iZbZci XdckV^cXj fjZ cdjh Vkdch VWhdajbZci WZhd^c YZ bV^hdch YZ a¼=^hid^gZ! eVh fj¼| 7gjmZaaZh Y¼V^aaZjgh! YZ bV^hdch YZ a¼=^hid^gZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi fjZ aZ eaVc YZ Y kZ" adeeZbZci ^ciZgcVi^dcVa YZ 7gjmZaaZh Zc Xdjgh YZ eg eVgVi^dc eVg aZh Vjidg^i h Zjgde ZccZh aV^hhZ | eZchZg fjZ cdjh igdjkZgdch jc a^Zj# vV [V^i Y^m Vch fjZ cdjh hdbbZh Xdchi^ij h! X¼Zhi adc\ | a¼ X]ZaaZ Y¼jcZ k^Z ]jbV^cZ! X¼Zhi Xdjgi | a¼ X]ZaaZ YZh bjh Zh! aZh igVkVjm bdcigZci fj¼^a [VjYgV k^c\i"X^cf dj igZciZ Vch Zi cdjh Xdci^cjdch cdigZ eZi^i Wdc]dbbZ YZ X]Zb^c Zc g Va^hVci! Zc [V^hVci YZh X]dhZh! Zc bV^ciZ" cVci aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# ?Z Y^h hdjkZci fjZ cdjh hZgdch eZji" igZ aZ egZ" b^Zg bjh Z cdbVYZ Yj bdcYZ! X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ jcZ bVc^ gZ Y¼VkVc" XZg Zi YZ cZ eVh hZ Y XdjgV\Zg# Kd^a| edjg aV eg hZciVi^dc ig h hjXX^cXiZ Zi ig h gVe^YZ YZ cdigZ egd_Zi Zi bV^ciZcVci _Z kdjYgV^h VWdgYZg aZh fjZhi^dch fj^ cdjh dci i YZbVcY Zh# 6adgh aV fjZhi^dc X¼ iV^i aV eaVXZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi YZ kZc^g i bd^" \cZg hjg XdbbZci XZaV [dcXi^dccZ X]Zo cdjh# 7^Zc ZciZcYj! dc cZ h¼Zhi _VbV^h g kZ^aa jc bVi^c Zc hZ Y^hVci / ® CW_i Yecc[dj Wbbedi#deki _dj ]h[h bW iY_[dY[ ZWdi dejh[ fhWj_gk[ ZÊ Yh_jkh[ ZÊ[nfei_j_ed" ZWdi dei fhW# j_gk[i 5 ¯ Zi YdcX idji aZ b g^iZ YZ XZ \ZcgZ YZ XdaadfjZ Zhi YZ hZ [dgXZg -)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

| g Å X]^g hjg XZ fj^ Zhi W^Zc hdjkZci jcZ egVi^fjZ hedciVc Z! hVch Vkd^g c XZhhV^gZbZci g Å X]^ eajh Zc VkVci hjg aV fjZhi^dc# 6adgh _Z Y^hi^c\jZgV^ YZjm a bZcih / Y¼jcZ eVgi hjg aZ eaVc YZ a¼dg" \Vc^hVi^dc Yj bjh Z aj^"b bZ! Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi hjg aZ eaVc YZ a¼ Xg^ijgZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch# Hjg aZ eaVc YZ a¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc YZh bjh Zh! ^a cZ cdjh eVh V hZbWa ji^aZ YZ Y kZadeeZg jc ^chi^iji YZ gZX]ZgX]Z hjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ# 7^Zc ZciZcYj! cdjh Vkdch YZjm hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Vj bjh Z fj^ hdci YZ egZ" b^Zg eaVc! @gonhoid[ Edb^Vc Zi :a^Z 7VgcVk^# >a n V W^Zc h g YZh Vhh^h" iVcih edjg XddgYdccZg aZh gZX]ZgX]Zh! bV^h ^a cdjh V hZbWa fj¼^a n VkV^i jc [d^hdccZbZci Y¼^chi^ijih Zjgde Zch YZ egZb^Zg eaVc | igVkZgh a¼:jgdeZ Zi XZ hZgV^i Y¼V^aaZjgh jcZ ZggZjg Y¼ZhhVnZg YZ [V^gZ jcZ fjZa" XdcfjZ XZcigVa^hVi^dc YZ XZjm"X^# Dc V eg [ g aZ XdcXZei YZ igVkV^aaZg Zc g hZVj edjg igZ _jhiZbZci WdjhXja ! edjg d[[g^g YZh gZ\VgYh Xgd^" h h# ?¼V_djiZgV^ fjZ YZ bVc^ gZ egV\bVi^fjZ! _Z cZ kd^h eVh fj^ VjgV^i ÄcVcX jc cdjkZa ^chi^iji Zi fj¼Zc eajh YZ XZaV! eda^i^fjZbZci! X¼ iV^i hZ [V^gZ WZVjXdje Y¼ZccZb^h Zi eZj Y¼Vaa^ h! cdjh Vkdch eg [ g X]Zg" X]Zg YZh Vaa^VcXZh eaji i fjZ YZh ZccZb^h! XZjm"a| dc aZh V Y _| VhhZo k^iZ YVch YZh egd_Zih YZ XZ ineZ# 8dcXZgcVci Vadgh aZ YZjm^ bZ VheZXi dg\Vc^hVi^dccZa! XdbbZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ cdjh hdbbZh jc bjh Z hVch XdaaZXi^dc egdegZ# 6adgh dc Zhi jc bjh Z hVch XdaaZXi^dc egdegZ eVg aZ [V^i fjZ a¼dc Zhi jc bjh Z _ZjcZ! fj^ k^Zci YZ hZ Xg Zg! fjZ h^ dc gZ\VgYZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh! eg h YZ ,* YZh bjh Zh hZ hdci idj_djgh Xdchi^ij h hVch XdaaZXi^dc egd" egZ# :i aZh XdaaZXi^dch Vgg^kZci adghfj¼^a n V jc VeeZa Y¼V^g fj^ aZ eZg" bZi# BV^h dc kV b bZ Vj"YZa| YZ V / V c¼VkV^i eVh YZ hZch YZ Xg Zg! b bZ h¼^a n VkV^i aZh WjY\Zih! jcZ XdaaZXi^dc YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ! V VjgV^i Vjhh^ eg Ä\jg XdbbZ jc Z[[VXZbZci YZh cVi^dch! _Z eZchZ fjZ W^Zc YVkVciV\Z fj¼jcZ XdaaZXi^dc! X¼Zhi jc gZ\VgY hjg aZh XdaaZX" i^dch | igVkZgh aZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ dj aZh bjh Zh Zjgde Zch fj¼^a Zhi ^bedgiVci YZ Y kZadeeZg# 8¼Zhi jc XVYgZ i] dg^fjZ YjfjZa XZ gZ\VgY eZji hZ [V^gZ# AV hZjaZ XdaaZXi^dc fj^ VjgV^i hZch! XZ hZgV^i XZaaZ YZ a¼]^h" id^gZ g XZciZ YZ aV XdchigjXi^dc Zjgde ZccZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ a¼jc^ÄXVi^dc Zjgde ZccZ eVg aZ egd_Zi eda^i^fjZ! XZaaZ YZ XZh X^cfjVciZ YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh! Zi V^ch^ dc gZheZXiZgV^i eVg[V^iZbZci aV \gVbbV^gZ YZh ^chi^" iji^dch Zjgde ZccZh Zi XZaaZ YZ hjWh^Y^Vg^i # :i YdcX dc cZ Y kZadeeZ eVh edjg a¼^chiVci jcZ VXi^k^i YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vjidjg YZh XdaaZXi^dch ej^hfjZ cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh YZ XdaaZXi^dch# Cdjh c¼Zc Vkdch eVh eVg aV _ZjcZhhZ YZ cdigZ Xg Vi^dc! cdjh c¼Zc Vkdch eVh eVgXZ fjZ _Z Xgd^h fjZ XZ c¼VjgV^i eVh YZ hZch edjg a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ! YZbV^c ^a n VjgV hVch YdjiZ jc VeeZa Y¼V^g Zi _Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ cdjh Vjgdch kdXVi^dc ,)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

dj cdc | VXXjZ^aa^g YZh XdaaZXi^dch hjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼ Y^ÄXVi^dc Yj egd_Zi eda^i^fjZ# :c idji XVh! XZ c¼Zhi eVh YVch a¼dgYgZ YZ cdh eg dXXj" eVi^dch VXijZaaZh# 6adgh gZhiZ aV eaVXZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ YVch a¼ Xg^ijgZ YZ cdh Zmedh^" i^dch# :i a| _Z kdjYgV^h kdjh hdjbZiigZ fjVigZ g ÅZm^dch# AV egZb^ gZ g ÅZm^dc! X¼Zhi fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zhi jcZ egdYjXi^dc Yj g Za# AV YZjm^ bZ g ÅZm^dc! aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zhi idj_djgh ^ch g YVch jc _Zj YZ gVeedgih bVi g^Zah# AV igd^h^ bZ g ÅZm^dc / aZh Zmedh^i^dch YZ hdX^ i hdci idj_djgh Xdc[gdci Zh | jcZ eg Xdbeg ]Zch^dc# :i aV fjVig^ bZ g ÅZm^dc / aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ cZ hZ gZigdjkZ _VbV^h | a¼ iVi ejg YVch jcZ Zmedh^i^dc# EgZb^ gZ g ÅZm^dc / aV hX^ZcXZ Zhi jcZ egdYjXi^dc Yj g Za Zi cdc jc gZÅZi YZ XZaj^"X^# ?¼V^ i [gVee Zc eg eVgVci XZiiZ ^ciZgkZci^dc! _¼V^ gZaj jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ bVcjZah YZ bjh dad\^Z! _¼V^ gZ\VgY jc eZj aV a^ii gVijgZ Ydb^cVciZ YVch XZ YdbV^cZ! Zi XdbbZ e]^adhde]Z _¼V^ i jc eZj idcc eVg aV k^h^dc ^Y Va^hiZ fjZ edjkV^i k ]^XjaZg aZ Y^hXdjgh VbW^Vci dj aZ Y^hXdjgh Ydb^cVci Zc bVi^ gZ YZ bjh dad\^Z# Dc hZ gZeg hZciZ jc eZj aZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ XdbbZ jcZ Zhe XZ Y¼dWhZgkV" iZjg ViiZci^[ YZ aV g Va^i ! fj^ Y \V\ZgV^i YZh ad^h YZ aV cVijgZ dj YZh hX^ZcXZh YZ a¼]dbbZ fj^ h¼V_djiZgV^Zci aZh jcZh Vjm VjigZh! XdbbZ jc igVkV^a fj^ egdYj^gV^i Zi fj^ V_djiZgV^i Yj kgV^ Vj kgV^# 8ZiiZ iZcYVcXZ hZ eZg d^i b bZ YVch XZiiZ Y^X]didb^Z fj¼dc kZji idj_djgh ^chiVa" aZg ZcigZ aV bjh dad\^Z YZ a¼dW_Zi Zi aV bjh dad\^Z YZ a¼^Y Z! YVch XZiiZ ^Y Z d aZh 6c\ad"HVmdch VXXZeiZci YZ eVgaZg Y¼^ciZgeg iVi^dc Zi d aZh [gVcXde]dcZh dj aV a^ii gVijgZ [gVcXde]dcZ eVgaZci idji _jhiZ YZ b Y^Vi^dc! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ eZchZci aZ igVkV^a Yj bjh dad\jZ XdbbZ iVci jc ^ciZgb Y^V^gZ ZcigZ a¼dW_Zi Zi aZ ejWa^X# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi ig h bVa ^ci \gZg aZh Xg^i^fjZh g XZciZh Zi XdciZbedgV^cZh YZh hX^ZcXZh# Hdjh a¼Vc\aZ YZh XdcY^i^dch Yj igVkV^a hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! cdjh hVkdch idjh fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ V jc VheZXi XdchigjXi^k^hiZ fj^ hZ gZigdjkZ Vjm igd^h bdbZcih YZ hdc Y kZadeeZbZci hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# AV hX^ZcXZ Xdchigj^i hdc dW_Zi eaj" i i fjZ YZ aZ gZXjZ^aa^g Zi YdcX ZaaZ egdWa bVi^hZ hV fjZhi^dc Zi _Z eZchZ fj¼^a Zc kV YZ b bZ YVch aZ igVkV^a Yj hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Xdckdfj YVch aV g ÅZm^dc hjg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc# 9¼VjigZ eVgi! Vj bdbZci Y¼ aVWdgZg aV i] dg^Z! ^a cZ [V^i eVh jcZ b^hZ Zc [dgbZ YZ a¼dWhZgkVi^dc! bV^h ^a egd" edhZ jc XVYgZ ^ciZgeg iVi^[ fj^ kV Xdjkg^g idji aZ X]Vbe YZ XZ fj^ Zhi ^ckZhi^ YZ bVc^ gZ Vci^X^eVi^kZ! fj^iiZ | Vkd^g! Vj bdbZci YZ aV k g^Ä" XVi^dc! YZh Y^hXdjgh YZ [Vah^ÄXVi^dc YZ XZaaZ"X^# AZ bdbZci YZ k g^ÄXVi^dc c¼Zhi eVh jc kZgY^Xi Yj g Za# Dc hV^i W^Zc fjZ aV k g^ÄXVi^dc YVch aZh hX^ZcXZh! XZ hdci idj_djgh YZh egdX " YjgZh! jc ZchZbWaZ YZ egdX YjgZh Zi YZ bVc^ejaVi^dc Yj g Za! fj¼^a -+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Vb cV\Z XZaj^"X^ edjg aZ Xdc[gdciZg Vjm ]nedi] hZh YZ aV i] dg^Z# :i YdcX adghfjZ a¼dc Xdc[gdciZ aZh VXfj^h YZ aV Xg^i^fjZ YZh hX^ZcXZh | aV Y bVgX]Z YZ XZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch [V^i ^cij^i^kZbZci! ^a c¼Zc V eVh i VjigZbZci# AdghfjZ! edjg aV XdcXZei^dc YZh eVgXdjgh eZgbVcZcih Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ! aZ Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ V Xdchigj^i jc k g^iVWaZ dW_Zi! ^a h¼V\^hhV^i YZ gZcYgZ XdbeiZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ Y¼jc ed^ci YZ kjZ Zjgde Zc! VkZX YZh a^b^iZh heVi^VaZh Y¼^ci \gVi^dc Yj Xdci^cZci Zi YVch jc XVYgZ X]gdcdad\^fjZ fj^ iV^i a¼]^hid^gZ adc" \jZ# >a n VkV^i W^Zc XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jc dW_Zi# :i XZiiZ XdchigjXi^dc YZ a¼dW_Zi h¼Zhi VXXdbeV\c Z Y¼jcZ XdchigjXi^dc YZh i] dg^Zh d a¼dc c¼Va" aV^i eVh hZ hVi^h[V^gZ YZh ^chigjbZcih XdcXZeijZah XaVhh^fjZh ej^hfj¼^a h¼V\^hhV^i Y¼Vkd^g jc ed^ci YZ kjZ idiVa^hVci hjg a¼:jgdeZ! cdc eVh a¼VY" Y^i^dc YZh ]^hid^gZh cVi^dcVaZh bV^h jc ed^ci YZ kjZ fj^ i^ZccZ Zc XdbeiZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi d YdcX aZh e g^dY^hVi^dch XaVhh^fjZh YZ BdnZc Ë\Z Zi YZ GZcV^hhVcXZ c¼ iV^Zci eVh eZgi^cZciZh edjg gZcYgZ XdbeiZ YZ XZh bdbZcih# :i X¼Zhi a| d @gonhoid[ Edb^Vc VkZX aZ Xdb^i hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ V egdedh jcZ e g^dY^hVi^dc ig h Y^[[ gZciZ! WVh Z hjg aZ e] cd" b cZ Ydci dc kdjaV^i gZcYgZ XdbeiZ# :cÄc! XZ bdbZci YZ k g^ÄXVi^dc fj^ Zhi XZaj^"a| / V kV igZ XZaj^ YZ aV bVc^ gZ YZ igV^iZg aZh dW_Zih fj^ kdci igZ ^ck^i h | egZcYgZ eaVXZ YVch XZ eVgXdjgh# ² aV a^b^iZ! edjg jc bjh Z YZ hX^ZcXZ! dj b bZ edjg jc bjh Z Y¼]^hid^gZ! aZh XdaaZXi^dch X¼Zhi aZ bdcYZ aj^"b bZ Zi eVh aZh dW_Zih fj¼dc gZigdjkZ YVch aZh bjh Zh# ?Z Y^gV^h fj¼dc V egdX Y YZ aV b bZ bVc^ gZ! bV^h _Z cZ kdjYgV^h eVh igZ igde adc\! hjg a¼Zm" edh^i^dc fjZ cdjh Vkdch! fjZ cdjh kZcdch YZ g Va^hZg hjg aZh gZa^\^dch!

Zmedh^i^dc fjZ cdjh Vkdch VeeZa Z / ® 9^Zj! bdYZ Y¼Zbead^ ¯# EgZb^ gZ g ÅZm^dc hjg a¼Vc\aZ YZh XdcY^i^dch ^ciZgcZh Yj igVkV^a hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a n V idj_djgh jc VXiZ YZ XdchigjXi^dc Zi fjZ YdcX ^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh Y¼jc egdedh fj^ hZgV^i hdjh"_VXZci# 8Z egdedh Zhi Xdchigj^i Zi Yd^i hZ Xdc[gdciZg Vjm XdaaZXi^dch bV^h YVch jc XVYgZ ^ciZgeg iVi^[ Zi YVch aV XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jc dW_Zi Xd] gZci Zi _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji gdbegZ VkZX V dj Vadgh X¼Zhi Y X^YZg fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ c¼VjgV eVh hV eaVXZ YVch jc bjh Z# BV^h _Z XdbbZcXZ eVg[d^h | Vkd^g jc XZg" iV^c V\VXZbZci Zc ZciZcYVci fj¼^a c¼n V eVh YZ Y^hXdjgh · _Z eVgaZ ^X^ edjg aZh hdX^ i h · fj¼^a c¼n V eVh YZ Y^hXdjgh fj^ hZgV eg hZci YVch jcZ ^chi^iji^dc"bjh Z# AV YZjm^ bZ g ÅZm^dc! X¼Zhi fjZ aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zhi ^ch g YVch jc _Zj YZ gVeedgih bVi g^Zah Zi YZ egVi^fjZh cdc Y^hXjgh^kZh# 8¼Zhi XZ fjZ B^X]Za ;djXVjai kdjaV^i hjWhi^ijZg / aZ XdcXZei YZ Y^h" Xdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ^a kdjaV^i aZ hjWhi^ijZg | XZaj^ YZ egVi^fjZh Y^hXjg" h^kZh Zc [V^hVci g [ gZcXZ Vjm ^ci g ih Yj bdcYZ g Za! Yj bdcYZ k Xj ,+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

| a¼¶jkgZ YVch aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh# Cdjh cZ hdb" bZh eVh a| hjheZcYjh Zc a¼V^g# :i _¼V^bZ W^Zc ji^a^hZg a¼VcVanhZ fjZ [V^i 8aVjYZ BdaaVgY YVch B[ @[k Z[i WYj[khi Zk ioij c[ Ykbjkh[b! _Z igdjkZ fjZ hdc VcVanhZ Zhi eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci [ XdcYZ! fj¼dc edjggV^i gZeg " hZciZg aZ bjh Z hdjh aV [dgbZ Y¼jc XVgg bV\^fjZ Xdbedh YZ fjV" igZ hdbbZih fj^ hdci VjiVci Y¼VXiZjgh YZ XZaj^"X^# >a n V aZh VjiZjgh dj aZh Xg ViZjgh YZ bjh Z! ^a n V aZh egdYjXiZjgh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZjm fj^ kdci aZh ÄcVcXZg! edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh edjg cdjh! edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh WZa" \Zh! edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh Zjgde Zch! edjkd^gh eg^k h! ^a n V aZh ejWa^Xh Zi ^a n V aZh b Y^ViZjgh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZjm fj^ kdci [V^gZ a¼de^c^dc ejWa^" fjZ# :i dc kd^i idji YZ hj^iZ fjZ h¼^chiVaaZ YVch XZ _Zj YZh VXiZjgh YZh gVeedgih YZ ineZ W^_ZXi^[# 7^Zc ZciZcYj aZh b Y^ViZjgh kdci ^cÅjZc" XZg aV bVc^ gZ Ydci aZh XdcXZeiZjgh Yj bjh Z kdci aZ g Va^hZg bV^h XZh b Y^ViZjgh kdci igZ \VaZbZci ^cÅjZcX h eVg a¼VXXZeiVi^dc eVg aZ ejWa^X! Zi V^ch^ YZ hj^iZ! _Z kdjh ^bV\^cZ! dc eZji Xdchigj^gZ XZh hX] " bVh YZ gZaVi^dc# :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ h^ a¼dc Zhi XdchX^Zci YZh egVi^fjZh fj^ hdci aZh c igZh! VjXjc a bZci! VjXjc bdbZci YZ cdh egVi^fjZh c¼Zhi VWhZci Y¼ igZ ^ch g YVch aZ _Zj YZ XZh VXiZjgh! YVch aV YncVb^fjZ YZ XZ XVgg bV\^fjZ# ² XdbbZcXZg eVg aZ X]d^m b bZ YZh dW_Zih Y¼Zmed" h^i^dc# Edjgfjd^ Zhi"XZ fj¼dc X]d^h^i YZ [V^gZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ a¼Zmedh^i^dc hjg aZh gZa^\^dch! X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZh [dci hZch eVg gVeedgi | V! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼ZaaZh gZcXdcigZci jc ejWa^X! fj¼dc eZchZ fj¼^a n V jcZ eVgdaZ fj^ Yd^i igZ iZcjZ eVg gVeedgi | V! fjZ XZ hd^i edjg aZ ejWa^X! edjg gZbZiigZ YVch a¼ZheVXZ ejWa^X XZi dW_Zi YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ VjigZbZci fjZ aZh b Y^Vh aZ gZaViZci Vj_djgY¼]j^# BV^h X¼Zhi YVch aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Yj XdcXZei hX^Zci^ÄfjZ dj Yj hX cVg^d hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Yj bjh Z! egZcYgZ XdbeiZ fjZ aZ bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ | 7gjmZaaZh hZgV^i aV bV^hdc XdbbjcZ YZh X^idnZch YZ a¼:jgdeZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ g jc^Z Zi fjZ YdcX eZchZg jc hX cVg^d hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fj^ Z[[VXZgV^i 7noVcXZ YZ aV egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ c¼V eVh YZ hZch# :i fjZ YdcX V cdjh dWa^\Z b bZ hjg aV egVi^fjZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ | g ^ciZggd\Zg jc XZg" iV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh edjg V fjZ _Z Y^h fj¼^a [Vji kZg" hZg YVch aZ gZaVi^k^hbZ! _Z Y^h fj¼^a [Vji \VgYZg YZh g \aZh! ^a [Vji Vkd^g YZh a^b^iZh YZh X]dhZh fjZ a¼dc cZ igVch\gZhhZgV^i eVh bV^h ^a [Vji igZ XdchX^Zci YZh [dgXZh fj^ hdci | a¼¶jkgZ! X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ aV bZ^aaZjgZ bVc^ gZ YZ edjkd^g Y kZadeeZg jcZ egVi^fjZ hV^cZ# ?Z eZchZ Vjhh^ fj¼^a [Vji Vkd^g aZ XdjgV\Z YZ g k aZg aZh eg hjeedh h! YZ edjkd^g Y^gZ YVch fjZa _Zj | aV [d^h YZ edjkd^g! Y¼^ciZgVXi^dch dc Zhi ^bbZg\ eaji i fjZ Y¼ igZ YVch jc ^Y Va^hbZ fj^ aZh ^\cdgZgV^i dj aZh W^[[ZgV^i# Igd^h^ bZ g ÅZm^dc# AZh Zmedh^i^dch! Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg aZh Zmedh^" i^dch YZ hdX^ i ! hdci idj_djgh Xdc[gdci Zh | jcZ eg Xdbeg ]Zch^dc --

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Yj g Za Zi _¼V_djiZgV^h b bZ fjZ XZiiZ eg Xdbeg ]Zch^dc [V^i eVg" [d^h a¼dW_Zi b bZ YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8¼Zhi aZ [VbZjm XZgXaZ ]Zgb cZj" i^fjZ igVkV^aa eVg <VYVbZg dj YZh \Zch XdbbZ AVYg^ gZ Zi _Z kdj" YgV^h Y^gZ YZjm ineZh YZ Y^[ÄXjai fjZ cdjh Vkdch gZcXdcig h YVch YZh Zmedh^i^dch g XZciZh fjZ cdjh Vkdch ej [V^gZ# 9Vch a¼Zmedh^i^dc fjZ cdjh eg eVgdch hjg aZ X^cfjVci^ bZ Vcc^kZghV^gZ Yj igV^i YZ GdbZ! YdcX XZ hdci hd^mVciZ Vch YZ XdchigjXi^dc Zjgde ZccZ! Yj hdgi^g YZ aV \jZggZ _jhfj¼| Vj_djgY¼]j^! dc Zhi · n Xdbeg^h YVch aZh Y^hXjhh^dch hX^Zci^ÄfjZh · YVch jc c¶jY ZcigZ b bd^gZ Zi ]^hid^gZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ ZcigZ aZ hdjkZc^g Y¼jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ k XjZ dj [VciVhb Z edjg gZegZc" YgZ a¼ZmegZhh^dc YZ E^ZggZ CdgV! dj Vj XdcigV^gZ YVch jcZ XdchigjX" i^dc idj_djgh egdWa bVi^fjZ Zi ^cXdbea iZ YZ XZ fj^ c¼Zhi eajh bV^h V aV^hh YZh igVXZh# :i dc kd^i W^Zc fjZ! fjVcY ^a h¼V\^i YZ bZhjgZg a¼] " g^iV\Z Xdbbjc^hiZ dj aV edh^i^dc k^h"|"k^h YZ aV XdchigjXi^dc Zjgd" e ZccZ! YZ XZ fj¼^a hZ eVhhV^i | a¼DjZhi eVg gVeedgi | XZ fj^ hZ eVhhV^i | a¼:hi! aZ ed^Yh YZh wiVih"Jc^h YVch XZiiZ XdchigjXi^dc! fjZ b bZ aZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh YZ eajh ]Vji c^kZVj hdci idj_djgh ^chXg^ih YVch XZ _Zj YZ eg Xdbeg ]Zch^dc# vV [dgbZ YZh Y WVih ZmigVdgY^cV^gZh! V [dgbZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ eVhh^dccVci bV^h X¼Zhi jcZ k g^iVWaZ Y^[ÄXjai fj^ hZ edhZ | cdjh# ?¼ZciZcYh YZjm hX^Zci^ÄfjZh YZ egZb^Zg eaVc YZ cdigZ Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Y^gZ / ® CW_i i_ leki fh i[dj[p b[i Y^ei[i Yecc[ W" bW ]WkY^[ [khef [dd[ d[ i[ h[jhekl[hW fWi ZWdi lejh[ [nfei_j_ed ¯! X¼Zhi YdcX Y^gZ fj¼dc hZ igdjkZ YZkVci jc c¶jY Y^[ÄX^aZ# :i _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a c¼n V eVh YZ k g^i bV^h fj¼^a [Vji Vkd^g XdchX^ZcXZ fjZ aZh X]dhZh! hjgidji adghfj¼ZaaZh hdci egdX]Zh! hjgidji adghfj¼ZaaZh hdci ViiVX] Zh! hdci [V^" iZh YZ b bd^gZ Zi Y¼]^hid^gZ# 6adgh W \ehj_eh_ YVch a¼]^hid^gZ g XZciZ bV^h b bZ YVch a¼]^hid^gZ adc\jZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ# Edjg ® 9^Zj! bdYZ Y¼Zbead^ ¯! VjigZ Y^[[^Xjai YZ XZ _Zj YZ eg Xdbeg ]Zch^dc / WZVj" Xdje YZ cdh k^h^iZjgh fj^ hdci kZcjh iV^Zci k^YZbbZci ^ci gZhh h! ^bbZg\ h YVch aZ [V^i gZa^\^Zjm Zi ^ah cZ XdbegZcV^Zci eVh fjZ a¼dc ej^hhZ hZ a^b^iZg | jc hZja ed^ci YZ kjZ Vci]gdedad\^fjZ! hVch gZcigZg YVch a¼^ci^b^i Yj bdcYZ YZh XgdnVcih! XZ fj^ cdjh hZbWaV^i igZ aV hZjaZ edhijgZ edhh^WaZ edjg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ hZ kdjaV^i bVa\g idji YZ fjVa^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# BV^h X¼Zhi bdcigZg fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ Y^[ÄXjai YZ gZcXdcigZ VkZX aZ ejWa^X# FjVig^ bZ g ÅZm^dc / aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ cZ hZ gZigdjkZ _VbV^h | a¼ iVi ejg YVch jcZ Zmedh^i^dc# Dc gZigdjkZ jc eZj XZiiZ k^h^dc cV kZ Zi _Z kd^h YVch XZgiV^ch bjh Zh b bZ YZh egVi^fjZh bVa]ZjgZjhZh d jc Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ aVWdgZ jc hX cVg^d hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi ej^h gZbZi aZ W W | a¼ fj^eZ YZ hX cd\gVe]^Z fj^ iVci W^Zc fjZ bVa kV YZkd^g igV" Yj^gZ Zc igd^h Y^bZch^dch aZ eVgXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ XZiiZ ,-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

egVi^fjZ b XdccV i [dcYVbZciVaZbZci XZ fj¼Zhi jcZ Zmedh^i^dc# >a Zm^hiZ YZh hjeedgih eajh Z[ÄXVXZh fj¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc h^ a¼dc kZji hZj" aZbZci gZegdYj^gZ aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ / dc eZji idji h^beaZbZci Xg^gZ jc a^kgZ! dc eZji Xdchi^ijZg jc h^iZ >ciZgcZi# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc! X¼Zhi jc a^Zj Y¼ kZ^a! X¼Zhi jc a^Zj d hZ bdY^ÄZci aZh hZc" h^W^a^i h! X¼Zhi jc a^Zj d hZ cdjgg^i a¼^cij^i^dc! Zi XZaV Yd^i [V^gZ VeeZa c XZhhV^gZbZci | Y¼VjigZh [dgbZh YZ aVc\V\Z! | Y¼VjigZh ineZh YZ aVc" \V\Z fjZ XZaj^ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ fj^ igVkV^aaZ hjg aZ bdY aZ ]nedi] i^Xd" Y YjXi^[ Zi YdcX ^a n V | ^ckZciZg jcZ gZcXdcigZ! XZ fjZ cdjh VeeZadch YZh fj^eZh YZ XdcXZei^dc ^ci \g Zh d aZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh cZ a}X]Zci eVh aV bV^c YZ XZjm fj^ kdci YZkd^g edjghj^kgZ bV^h Vj XdcigV^gZ igV" kV^aaZci YVch jc XVYgZ Y¼ fj^eZ ^ci \g Z edjg XdcXZkd^g a¼Zmedh^i^dc ZchZbWaZ# 8¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh aZ bdbZci [VhX^cVci d dc kd^i jcZ ad\^" fjZ idjgc Z kZgh a¼]nedi] i^Xd"Y YjXi^[ gZcXdcigZg YZh \Zch fj^ igV" kV^aaZci hjg aZ bdYZ YZ aV \h[[ WiieY_Wj_ed! d a¼dc kd^i fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ Y kZadeeZbZci a^c V^gZ! bV^h fjZ aV YgVbVijg\^Z h¼^chXg^i YVch aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh hX cVg^dh Zi YdcX V c XZhh^iZ YZ Xdchigj^gZ jcZ ^ciZgY^hX^ea^cVg^i # BV^h _Z eZchZ fjZ B^X]Za 8 i cdjh eVgaZgV YZ a¼^ciZgY^hX^ea^cVg^i fj^ c¼Zhi eVh XZaaZ YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh d a| ZaaZ c¼Zhi eVh Y _| [VX^aZ | Xdchigj^gZ YVch YZh XdYZh fj^ hdci Xdbbjch!

YVch jcZ VeegdX]Z fj^ Zhi XdbbjcZ! ^X^ a¼^ciZgY^hX^ea^cVg^i YVch YZh aVc\V\Zh fj^ hdci Y^[[ gZcih edjg Xg^gZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ V jc aVc" \V\Z he X^ÄfjZ! fj^ Zhi aZ aVc\V\Z YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# ?Z c¼Zc XdccV^h eVh ZcXdgZ idjh aZh Xdcidjgh! XZaV c XZhh^iZ ZcXdgZ YZh igVkVjm! bV^h cdjh hZcidch W^Zc fj¼^a n V fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ he X^ÄfjZ Zi Ydci eZghdccZ cZ hdgi ^cYZbcZ! XZgiV^cZbZci eVh aZh \Zch fj^ k^ZccZci Yj bdcYZ Yj X^c bV! Yj i] }igZ! Yj YZh^\c bV^h XZgiV^cZbZci eVh cdc eajh aZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh fj^ W^Zc hdjkZci g ^ciZggd\Zci aZjgh Y^hX^ea^cZh hX^Zci^" ÄfjZh eVg XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ XZh Y^[[ gZciZh [dgbZh YZ aVc\V\Z# :i _Z kdjYgV^h iZgb^cZg Zc Y^hVci fjZ X¼Zhi eg X^h bZci XZ fj^ bZ eVh" h^dccZ YVch bV cdjkZaaZ igVcX]Z YZ k^Z egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ! X¼Zhi Y¼Vkd^g XZ a^Zj Y¼Vgi^XjaVi^dc! XZ a^Zj d aV cWj^[i_i gZ_d^ci aV fe[i_i YVch YZjm [dgbZh YZ Y kd^aZbZci Yj bdcYZ! fj^ Yd^kZci igZ Xdbea bZciV^" gZh eaji i fjZ YZ h¼ZmXajgZ bjijZaaZbZci Zi YVch jc Zcg^X]^hhZbZci edjg ZhhVnZg YZ YdccZg hZch | aV k^Z Zi YZ YdccZg hZch Vj bdcYZ fj^ cdjh ZcidjgZ# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc BZgX^ | Bdch^Zjg 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z edjg cdjh Vkd^g eg hZci | aV [d^h aZ egd_Zi Yj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ! hV higVi \^Z YZ g hZVj Zi hV bVc^ gZ YZ hZ edh^i^dccZg Vjhh^! edjg a¼ Xg^ijgZ YZ hdc egd_Zi Y¼Zmedh^i^dc · dc Zhi Vj -/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

X¶jg YZ XZ fj^ cdjh dXXjeZ XZi Veg h"b^Y^ · Zi YZ gVeeZaZg | aV [d^h fj¼^a c¼n V eVh YZ a^c Vg^i YVch aZ eVhhV\Z Yj Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ | a¼Zmed" h^i^dc Zi fj¼^a n V jcZ ^ciZgh b^di^X^i YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8Z fj^ Zhi ^ci " gZhhVci! X¼Zhi fj¼^a n V | aV [d^h aV g [ gZcXZ | a¼]^hid^gZ · ej^hfjZ a| dc V Y _| YZh [dgbZh Y¼VeegdX]Z Y^[[ gZciZh YZ [V dch YZ XZ Ydci igV^iZ aZ bjh Z · aV eg hZciVi^dc YZ aV Y bVgX]Z Zi ej^h Vjhh^ XZ fj^ hZgV^i ^ci gZh" hVci YZ \VgYZg edjg aV Xdcig^Wji^dc aV XdcXZei^dc YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc! Vj hZch Y¼jcZ bVc^ gZ YZ eZchZg Zi YZ [V^gZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# ?Z kV^h YdcX bV^ciZcVci eVhhZg aV eVgdaZ | B^X]Za 8 i #

AZ g aZ YZ a¼^ciZgY^hX^ea^cVg^i YVch aZ egd_Zi hX^Zci^[^fjZ Zi XjaijgZa Yj bjh Z YZh 8dc[ajZcXZh B^X]Za 8 i 9^gZXiZjg Yj Bjh jb YZ Andc! X]Z[ Yj egd_Zi Yj bjh Z YZh 8dcÅjZcXZh

Dj^! idj_djgh YZ \gVcYh bdih Zi YZ \gdh i^igZh edjg YZh g Va^i h eZji" igZ jc eZj eajh h^beaZh! h^ kdjh eZgbZiiZo# Idji Y¼VWdgY! _Z i^Zch | gZbZgX^Zg aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h fj^ cdjh V ^ck^i h Zi VXXjZ^aa^h# ?Z hj^h he X^VaZbZci ViiVX] | XZiiZ ^chi^iji^dc! edjg YZh gV^hdch ^Y dad" \^fjZh W^Zc h g! eVgXZ fjZ cdjh eVgiV\Zdch | eZj eg h aZh b bZh kVaZjgh XjaijgZaaZh# 8dbbZ cdjh hdbbZh k^Zjm · dc h¼Zhi Y^i XZ bVi^c fj¼dc iV^i k^Zjm! cdjh Vkdch a¼VkVciV\Z Y¼Vkd^g ej [V^gZ YZh egd_Zih ZchZbWaZ! XdbbZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® aV 9^[[ gZcXZ ¯ · bV^h Vjhh^ XZaj^ Y¼Vkd^g YZh Vb^h fj^ hdci eg hZcih ^X^ 0 _Z i^Zch YdcX | aZh hVajZg YZ [V dc eVgi^Xja^ gZ# ?Z kV^h kdjh eVgaZg jc eZj Yj bjh Z YZh 8dcÅjZcXZh! bV^h Vjhh^ YZ aV egdWa bVi^fjZ YZh bjh Zh Zc \ c gVa! Zc ^ch^hiVci hjg YZh cdi^dch fj^ bZ eVgV^hhZci [dcYVbZciVaZh / a¼ kdaji^dc! aZ YncVb^hbZ! Zi aV XdbeaZm^i # BV^h VkVci XZaV! _Z i^Zch | Y^gZ fjZ! YVch aZ [dcY! aZh bjh Zh hdci [dcYVbZciVaZbZci eg iZci^Zjm# 9Zej^h XZ bVi^c! _¼ZciZcYh fj¼^ah kdci g XdcX^a^Zg aZ bdcYZ Zi aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ! fj¼^ah kdci Zmea^" fjZg aV hX^ZcXZ! fj¼^ah kdci V\^g XdbbZ Vc^bViZjgh hdX^Vjm edjg gVe" egdX]Zg XZjm fj^ hVkZci YZ XZjm fj^ cZ hVkZci eVh! fj¼^ah kdci igV^iZg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ a¼]jbVc^i | igVkZgh aZ iZbeh! a¼ZheVXZ! fj¼dc kV igV^iZg cdc hZjaZbZci YZ a¼:jgdeZ · X¼Zhi igde eZi^i! XZaV · bV^h Vjhh^ YZ cdh gVeedgih ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm# :i idji V YVch ) %%%! * %%% b igZh XVgg h!

VkZX YZh bdnZch WjY\ iV^gZh gZaVi^kZbZci bdYZhiZh# 8¼Zhi ig h W^Zc fj¼^a Zc hd^i V^ch^! bV^h! Zc b bZ iZbeh! ^a [Vji YZbZjgZg bdYZhiZ# A¼^ck^iVi^dc fjZ _Z i^Zch | [V^gZ! X¼Zhi | YZbZjgZg YVch XZiiZ VbW^i^dc c XZhhV^gZ! YVch XZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa jide^fjZ! YZ -%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

\VgYZg a¼jide^Z | a¼Zheg^i! bV^h YZ gZhiZg g Va^hiZ hjg aZh egdedh Zi aZh egd" edh^i^dch! Zi hjg aV [V dc YZ [V^gZ# ?Z aZ [V^h YdcX ^X^ Zc idjiZ bdYZhi^Z# AV XdbeaZm^i hZ igVYj^i Y¼VWdgY YVch aZ bdi b bZ YZ ® bjh Z ¯! ej^hfj¼dc hV^i fjZ XZ bdi XdjkgZ YZh g Va^i h ZmXZhh^kZbZci Y^[[ gZc" iZh 0 _Z hj^h ig h XdciZci fjZ a¼dc ej^hhZ eVgaZg YZ ® bjh Z YZh hX^ZcXZh ¯ XZi Veg h"b^Y^! eVgXZ fjZ! XZ bVi^c! dc VkV^i a¼^begZhh^dc fj¼^a c¼n VkV^i fjZ YZh bjh Zh YZh WZVjm"Vgih! fjZ YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! fjZ YZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ# AV hX^ZcXZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh fjZafjZ X]dhZ Zc YZ]dgh YZ aV XjaijgZ / ZaaZ [V^i eVgi^Z YZ aV XjaijgZ! Zi ZaaZ Zc Zhi b bZ jc a " bZci [dcYVbZciVa! XdbbZ dc kV aZ kd^g eajh ad^c# 8ZiiZ XdbeaZm^i YZ aV [dcXi^dc i] bVi^fjZ YZh bjh Zh Zhi Y¼VjiVci eajh \gVcYZ fj¼ZaaZ h¼ aVg\^i YZ eajh Zc eajh Zi fjZ aV cdi^dc b bZ YZ eVig^bd^cZ kd" ajZ# 6kVci! X¼ iV^i [VX^aZ / aZ eVig^bd^cZ! X¼ iV^Zci aZh dW_Zih# 6eg h! dc V eVga YZ eVig^bd^cZ ^bbVi g^Za! X¼ iV^i Y _| jc eZi^i eZj eajh Xdbea^" fj # BV^ciZcVci! dc eVgaZ YZ eVnhV\Z! dc eVgaZ YZ k^aaZ eVig^bdc^VaZ! dc eVgaZ YZ hdX^ i | egdi \Zg! YZ aVc\jZ | egdi \Zg# >a Zhi XaV^g fjZ aV cdi^dc Zhi Zc igV^c Y¼ kdajZg# H^ a¼dc dWhZgkZ XdbbZci aZh VgX]^iZXiZh igV^iZci aZh cdjkZVjm bjh Zh! dc kd^i W^Zc fj¼^ah hZ edhZci XZiiZ fjZh" i^dc"a| / gZcdjkZaZg aV [dgbZ b bZ YZ a¼VgX]^iZXijgZ YZh bjh Zh edjg XdggZhedcYgZ | XZh cdjkZVjm Zc_Zjm Zi | XZiiZ djkZgijgZ YZ aV cdi^dc b bZ YZ bjh Z · cdc hZjaZbZci [VXZ Vj ejWa^X! | aV X^i ! bV^h Vjhh^ [VXZ Vj hj_Zi! Vj egdedh b bZ YZ a¼^chi^iji^dc# H^ kdjh iZh | HidcZ" ]Zc\Z dj fjZ kdjh YZkZo bZiigZ Zc kVaZjg jc a^Zj eVig^bdc^Va fj^ Zhi jc eVnhV\Z! kdjh cZ edjkZo eajh a¼VWdgYZg YZ aV b bZ [V dc fjZ YVch jc bjh Z igVY^i^dccZa! d a¼dc gZcigV^i aZh dW_Zih hdjh k^ig^cZ# JcZ kdaji^dc ig h [dgiZ YZ aV cdi^dc YZ eVig^bd^cZ V Zcg^X]^ aZ XdcXZei YZ bjh Z Zi V V_dji | aV XdbeaZm^i # ?Z Y^gV^h fjZ aV XdbeaZm^i YVch aV X^i Zhi fj¼jc bjh Z c¼Zhi fj¼jc X]V cdc eVgb^ Y¼VjigZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah Zi eVgb^ Y¼VjigZh VXiZjgh Xdcdb^fjZh# Dc V kj VkZX aZ bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh jc a^Zj cZjigZ# >a h¼^chXg^i YVch jcZ k^aaZ! ^a h¼^chXg^i YVch jcZ VbW^" i^dc# Dc hV^i fjZ aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc! | Fj WZX! V i Xg Vj bdbZci Y¼jcZ Xg^hZ Xdcdb^fjZ Zi fjZ X¼ iV^i Vjhh^ jcZ [V dc YZ g cdkZg jc fjVgi^Zg 0 dc hV^i fjZ 7^aWVd V hZgk^ Y¼VWdgY Vj Y kZadeeZ" bZci jgWV^c 0 dc hV^i fjZ aZh ZcigZeg^hZh hdci YZgg^ gZ aZh bjh Zh! dc hV^i fjZ aZh jc^kZgh^i h hdci YZgg^ gZ aZh bjh Zh! Zi fjVcY dc Y eaVXZ aZh 6ie YZ EVg^h | BVghZ^aaZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh cZjigZ# >a n V YdcX Vjhh^ jcZ ^ciZci^dc eda^i^Xd"hdX^VaZ! fj^ bdcigZ W^Zc fjZ aZh bjh Zh cZ hdci eVh YZh a^Zjm Y Xg^ih ® XdbbZ V ¯! YVch jc jc^kZgh jc eZj Vj"YZhhjh YZ aV hdX^ i / ^ah [dci eVgi^Z Yj X¶jg YZ aV hdX^ i Zi Yd^kZci ÅjXijZg Zi kd" ajZg hZadc XZiiZ b bZ hdX^ i # >ah hdci YdcX! Zjm Vjhh^! kdaji^[h# .'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

BV^h _Z kV^h ^ch^hiZg hjgidji hjg igd^h X]dhZh · eVh hjg XZ ineZ YZ XdbeaZm^i ! h^ kdjh aZ eZgbZiiZo# :c gVeeZaVci fj¼jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ X¼Zhi Y¼VWdgY jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa VkVci Y¼ igZ jc egd_Zi hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ! ^a Zhi Wdc YZ aZ g V[ÄgbZg# AZ bjh Z Zhi jc a^Zj YZ Y^hXdjgh# B bZ fjVcY ^a ZmedhZ Y¼jcZ [V dc igVY^i^dccZaaZ! XdckZcjZ! YZh dW_Zih | aV fjZjZ aZj aZj! ^a i^Zci jc ineZ YZ Y^hXdjgh Zi ji^a^hZ jc ineZ YZ eg hZciVi^dc# >a n V idj_djgh jc X]d^m# >a n V idj_djgh jc ineZ YZ aZX" ijgZ# AZ bjh Z Zhi YdcX jc a^Zj YZ Y^hXdjgh! YZ eVgdaZ! fj^ gVXdciZ aZh g Va^i h# 9¼d hV c XZhh^i ! Y¼V^aaZjgh! eVgXZ fjZ YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch YZ a^Zjm YVch cdh k^Zh cdjh dWa^\Zci | jcZ YjXVi^dc ]VW^ijZaaZ! | jcZ YjXVi^dc Xdci^cjZ! ^a Zm^hiZ YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch YZ a^Zjm d hZ gZh" hdjgXZg! d g Å X]^g hjg aZh X]dhZh# FjVcY aZ <gVcY EVaV^h eg hZciZ jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg a¼>cYZ! ^a VeedgiZ jcZ kgV^Z Xdcig^Wji^dc! eVgXZ fjZ aZh X^idnZch eZjkZci ZcigZg Zc XdciVXi VkZX jcZ bVi^ gZ fj¼^ah cZ edh" h YZci eVh Zi fj¼^ah kZjaZci XdccV igZ / aZ bjh Z V YdcX jcZ ji^a^i [dc" YVbZciVaZ# ?Z i^Zch Y¼VWdgY | gVeeZaZg XZaV# AZ bjh Z Zhi XdbeaZmZ Zi kdajZ# AZ bjh Z <j^bZi! bjh jb Y¼=^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ YZ Andc! eVg ZmZbeaZ! gZhhZbWaZ igVc\ZbZci | XZaj^ YZ EVg^h! idji h^beaZbZci eVgXZ wb^aZ <j^bZi V [V^i aZh YZjm bjh Zh# 8Z bjh Z hZ igVch[dgbZ jcZ cdjkZaaZ [d^h Zi kV YZkZc^g aZ bjh Z YZh 8dcÅjZcXZh / dc X]Vc\Z YZ iV^aaZ bV^h Vjhh^ YZ egdedh# AZ bjh Z YZk^Zci jc bjh Z YZ hX^ZcXZh Zi YZ hdX^ i ! · hX^ZcXZh Vj eajg^Za · ^cXajVci aZh hX^ZcXZh e]nh^fjZh! aZh hX^ZcXZh ® YjgZh ¯! Zi aZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zc \ c gVa · bV^h Vjhh^ aV hdX^ i Zi b bZ ® aZh ¯ hdX^ i h! Vj eajg^Za! ej^hfj¼^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh YZ eVgaZg jc^fjZbZci YZ aV hdX^ i dXX^YZciVaZ bV^h YZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh hdX^ i h# :i X¼Zhi XZ a^Zc igd^i ZcigZ aZh hX^ZcXZh Zi aV hdX^ i fj^ cdjh ^ci gZhhZ# 9Vch aZ [dcY! cdjh hdbbZh jc bjh Z eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ fj^ ^ciZggd\Z aV g Va^i YZh hdX^ i h! fj^ ZhhV^Z YZ bZiigZ Zc VkVci aZh Zc_Zjm [dcYVbZciVjm XdciZbedgV^ch! YZ egdedhZg YZh aZXijgZh Yj bdcYZ# 8¼Zhi cdigZ eg " iZci^dc 0 ZaaZ Zhi \gVcYZ! _Z Yd^h a¼VkdjZg# 6adgh edjgfjd^ XZ X]d^m 4 >a gZedhZ W^Zc h g Vjhh^ hjg jcZ aZXijgZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch! _Z i^Zch | aZ gVeeZaZg# AZ bjh jb Zhi jc k^Z^a iVWa^h" hZbZci aZh egZb^ gZh Zmedh^i^dch YViZci YZ &,,& Vjg da Y¼jcZ ig h VcX^ZccZ igVY^i^dc Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ Zi YZ Y kZadeeZbZci Y¼jc hVkd^g hX^Zci^ÄfjZ edgiVci hjg aZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV iZggZ! hjg aZh hX^ZcXZh YZ aV k^Z / hZh XdaaZXi^dch! Zc iZgbZh YZ cdbWgZ! hZ XVaXjaZci YVkVciV\Z eVg b^aa^dch fjZ eVg b^aa^Zgh# A¼jc YZh g aZh [dcYVbZciVjm! eZji" igZ! YZh bjh jbh · fj^ c¼Zm^hiZ eVh YVch aZh VjigZh bjh Zh ·! X¼Zhi fj¼^ah eVgi^X^eZci | a¼^ckZciV^gZ b bZ YZ aV W^dY^kZgh^i fj^ gZhiZ | Xdb" ea iZg# Kdjh hVkZo XdbbZ bd^ fjZ YZh b^aa^Zgh Y¼Zhe XZh cZ hdci eVh -'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

ZcXdgZ cdbb Zh! fj¼dc cZ aZh XdccV i eVh# AZ g aZ YZh bjh jbh Zhi _jhiZbZci Y¼^YZci^ÄZg XZiiZ W^dY^kZgh^i ! Y¼^YZci^ÄZg XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ YZh ® ineZh ¯ Zi YZh ® Ä\jg h ¯! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZ fj^ cdjh eZgbZi Y¼ iV" Wa^g jc iVadc Y Äc^hhVci jcZ Zhe XZ! Zi fj^ YZk^Zci YdcX! hjg jc eaVc ^ciZgcVi^dcVa! aV g [ gZcXZ hjg a¼Zhe XZ# ?Z gZ[ZgbZ aV eVgZci] hZ# BV^h! XdbbZ YVch WZVjXdje YZ bjh jbh! a¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ gZ\gdjeV^i Vjhh^ YZh XdaaZXi^dch Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z ZmigV"Zjgde ZccZ# G^Zc YZ eajh cdgbVa / aZh \Zch fj^ kdnV\ZV^Zci · aZh ZmeadgViZjgh · Y Xdj" kgV^Zci aV cVijgZ! Zi Y XdjkgV^Zci fj¼^a n VkV^i Vjhh^ YZh eZghdccZh YVch XZiiZ cVijgZ 0 ^ah hZ hdci b^h | h¼^ci gZhhZg | XZh eZghdccZh"a|! Zc dci gVbZc jc hdjkZc^g dj jc igde] Z# >ah dci Y kZadee jcZ Veegd" X]Z [dcYVbZciVaZbZci Xdad\^fjZ! fj^ egZcY | aV [d^h Zc XdbeiZ aV cVijgZ Zi aZh eZghdccZh# JcZ adc\jZ igVY^i^dc! YdcX! fj^ h¼Zhi YdjWa Z Zc eajh YZh XdaaZXi^dch YZ <j^bZi! YZh XdaaZXi^dch YZ egdeV\Vi^dc YZ aV [d^ · YZ Y XdjkZgiZ YZ a¼VjigZ Zc \ c gVa# 9dcX YZh XdaaZXi^dch | aV [d^h Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ Zi Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z ZmigV"Zjgde ZccZ# FjZ eZji"dc Zc Y^gZ 4 Dc eZji Y¼VWdgY gZbVgfjZg! Zc iZgbZh Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ! jcZ kgV^Z kdaji^dc# Dc cZ eZji eajh igV^iZg a¼]^h" id^gZ cVijgZaaZ YZ aV b bZ [V dc fj¼^a n V fjZafjZh Vcc Zh# A¼VeegdX]Z VXijZaaZ Zhi! W^Zc h g! a¼VeegdX]Z Xdad\^fjZ! XZaaZ Yj Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ! YZ a¼Zck^gdccZbZci Zc \ c gVa# 8Z c¼Zhi YdcX eajh ® a¼]^h" id^gZ cVijgZaaZ edjg a¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ ¯ / a¼VeegdX]Z Zhi WZVjXdje eajh \adWVaZ# JcZ VeegdX]Z YZ Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ! XZaV kZji Y^gZ eVgaZg Vjhh^ Y¼ Xdcdb^Z! YZ Y bd\gVe]^Z! YZ hX^ZcXZh Zi YZ iZX]c^fjZ! YZ cVijgZ! Zi YZh ]dbbZh Zi YZh [ZbbZh fj^ XdbedhZci a¼Zck^gdc" cZbZci# B bZ YVch a¼VeegdX]Z ejgZbZci cVijgZaaZ! dc cZ eZji eajh h¼Zc[ZgbZg jc^fjZbZci hjg a¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ 0 ^a [Vji ji^a^hZg jcZ VeegdX]Z [dcYVbZciVaZbZci eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ edjg igV^iZg a¼jc YZh k g^iVWaZh Zc_Zjm / aV gZaVi^dc YZh eZghdccZh Zi YZh hdX^ i h VkZX aZjg Zck^gdccZbZci# 9j X i YZ a¼Zi]cdad\^Z ZmigV"Zjgde ZccZ! _Z Y^gV^h fjZ X¼Zhi aV b bZ X]dhZ# Dc VkV^i jcZ aZXijgZ ig h ® M>MZ h^ XaZ ¯ YZ cdh XdaaZXi^dch! fj^ Ä\ZV^i aZh hdX^ i h! fj^ YdccV^i jcZ ^bV\Z ig h Xdadc^VaZ YZ aV g V" a^i YZh VjigZh XjaijgZh# Dc h¼Zhi YdcX Z[[dgX YZ eg hZciZg VjigZbZci cdigZ fjZhi^dccZbZci ZckZgh a¼VjigZ! Vj bd^ch YZ igd^h [V dch · bV^h _¼^ch^hiZgV^ eg^cX^eVaZbZci hjg YZjm Y¼ZcigZ ZaaZh# 8Zh hdX^ i h"a| Vjhh^ hdci YncVb^fjZh! ZaaZh kdajZci! ZaaZh X]Vc\Zci# :cigZ aV gZeg hZciV" i^dc YZh ;gVc V^h Vj M>MZ h^ XaZ Zi aV ;gVcXZ YZ a¼Vc '%%%! ^a n V jc XVgi# 8¼Zhi aV b bZ X]dhZ adghfjZ kdjh iZh >cj^i dj 6Wdg^\ cZ / kdjh iZh Vjhh^ YVch jc hnhi bZ Y¼ kdaji^dc# EZji"dc Vadgh gZhiZg jc >cj^i k^kVci Zc '%%%! egZcVci a¼Vk^dc! ji^a^hVci aZh cdjkZaaZh iZX]cdad\^Zh 4 AV .)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

g edchZ Zhi dj^# Dc Zhi Vjhh^ >cj^i! bV^h Y¼jcZ VjigZ [V dc# CdigZ ^Y Z Zhi YdcX Y¼VXijVa^hZg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ cdigZ egdedh edjg W^Zc Y bdcigZg a¼ kdaji^dc Zi aZ YncVb^hbZ YZ XZh hdX^ i h"a| Zi aZjg XdbeaZm^i # 8¼Zhi Y¼VjiVci eajh ^bedgiVci fjZ a¼dc h¼Zhi VeZg j · hVch YdjiZ | XVjhZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ · fjZ idjiZ aV eVgi^Z YZ aV gZaVi^dc VkZX aV hX^ZcXZ iV^i \VaZbZci [dcYVbZciVaZ# 8Vg XZh hdX^ i h"a| cZ hZ Y Äc^hhV^Zci eVh jc^fjZbZci · XdbbZ dc kd^i Zc \ c gVa YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ a¼=dbbZ dj YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ igVY^i^dc Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z ZmigV"Zjgd" e ZccZ · eVg YZh dW_Zih YZ eVgjgZ dj YZh dW_Zih YZ k^Z fjdi^Y^ZccZ! bV^h Vjhh^ eVg aV hX^ZcXZ fjZ XZh hdX^ i h egVi^fjV^Zci# 9Vch cdh bjh Zh! dc V ig h eZj YZ i bd^\cV\Zh YZ XZi VheZXi hX^Zc" i^[^fjZ# Dc YdccZ | kd^g fjZafjZh ^bV\Zh! YZh bVhfjZh! YZh eVgj" gZh! YZh Å X]Zh! YZh VgbjgZh# BV^h egZhfjZ g^Zc hjg aV [VWg^XVi^dc YZh dW_Zih! aZ gVeedgi Vj g Za! aV eZgXZei^dc Yj g Za# 9¼d cdigZ kdadci Y¼V_djiZg cdc hZjaZbZci Vj YncVb^hbZ! | a¼ kdaji^dc YZ XZh hdX^ i h" a|! bV^h YZ Xdbea iZg aZjg aZXijgZ eVg Y¼VjigZh Xa h! cdiVbbZci eVg aV hX^ZcXZ# Hjg a¼Zc_Zj YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ · idji aZ bdcYZ Zhi edjg aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ! X¼Zhi XdbbZ aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ! _Z cZ kd^h eVh fjZafj¼jc YVch XZiiZ hVaaZ hZ aZkZg XdcigZ aV Y^kZgh^i Xjaij" gZaaZ · ^a n V fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ XdchZchjZa / dc cZ eZji eVh igVkV^aaZg jc^fjZbZci hjg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc"a|# BV^h fjVcY dc XgZjhZ XZiiZ fjZh" i^dc"a|! dc kd^i W^Zc fjZ a¼Zc_Zj c¼Zhi eVh Vjhh^ h^beaZ# :i fjZ! YZg" g^ gZ XZiiZ ^Y Z Y¼VXXZeiVi^dc! Y¼djkZgijgZ! YZ gZheZXi YZ a¼VjigZ! YVch cdh k^Zh fjdi^Y^ZccZh! idji c¼Zhi eVh VXfj^h / dc kd^i W^Zc aZh V[[gdciZ" bZcih! dc kd^i fjZ aZ gVX^hbZ! aV m cde]dW^Z Zm^hiZci Zi fjZ aV g Va^i YZ a¼VjigZ c¼Zhi eVh Vjhh^ k^YZbbZci Xdbeg^hZ Zi VXXZei Z# Dc kd^i W^Zc fjZ! YZgg^ gZ XZi Zc_Zj Yj gZheZXi YZh ZmegZhh^dch XjaijgZaaZh! XZ hdci VkVci idji YZh Zc_Zjm iZX]cdad\^fjZh Zi YZh Zc_Zjm Xdcdb^fjZh# 8¼Zhi! eVg ZmZbeaZ! XdbbZci Zbe X]Zg aZh 6b g^XV^ch YZ hZ hZgk^g Yj X^c bV edjg cdjh ^cdcYZg Xdbea iZbZci Zi ijZg aZ X^c bV [gVc V^h dj aZ X^c bV Zjgde Zc# 8¼Zhi XdbbZci Zbe X]Zg aZh 6b g^XV^ch Y¼Vkd^g -' b^aa^dch YZ eZghdccZh hjg MWjY^ Cki_Y X]V" fjZ _djg! fj^ cdjh ^cdcYZci YZ .% YZ bjh^fjZ Vb g^XV^cZ! adghfj¼dc kdjYgV^i Vjhh^ edjkd^g Zmeg^bZg cdigZ egdegZ bjh^fjZ# 9Zgg^ gZ XZi Zc_Zj YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ! ^a c¼n V eVh fjZ aZ gZheZXi YZ a¼VjigZ / ^a n V Vjhh^ jc Zc_Zj Xdcdb^fjZ! jc Zc_Zj iZX]cdad\^fjZ! jc Zc_Zj Y¼ fj^eZbZci# ?Z gZk^Zch | a¼ZmZbeaZ YZ aV i a XdbbVcYZ fjZ YZh Xdc[ gZc" X^Zgh dci bZci^dcc XZ bVi^c 0 ^a h¼V\^i YZ Xdcig aZg Vjhh^ aV i a Xdb" bVcYZ# 8dch^Y gZg a¼ZmegZhh^dc XjaijgZaaZ! XZ c¼Zhi eVh eVgaZg fjZ YZ XjaijgZ! X¼Zhi eVgaZg Vjhh^ Y¼ Xdcdb^Z! YZ iZX]cdad\^Z# ?Z eZchZ fjZ -)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

X¼Zhi [dcYVbZciVa# Dc cZ eZji eajh hZ XdciZciZg Y¼jcZ aZXijgZ ejgZ" bZci Zi]cdad\^fjZ [VXZ | XZh egdWa bZh# JcZ cdjkZaaZ k^h^dc YZh Xda" aZXi^dch h¼^bedhZ! bV^h Vjhh^ jcZ VjigZ aZXijgZ Yj bdcYZ XdciZbed" gV^c! ej^hfjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi jc a^Zj YZ Y^hXdjgh# Edjgfjd^ jcZ cdjkZaaZ k^h^dc Yj bdcYZ XdciZbedgV^c 4 Cdjh kdjadch igZ jc bjh Z YZ hnci] hZ Zi YZ g [ gZcXZ! fj^ eZgbZi Vj k^h^" iZjg YZ h¼^ciZggd\Zg hjg aZh Zc_Zjm XdciZbedgV^ch# ;dcYVbZciVaZbZci! XZh YZgc^Zgh a^Zci aZh hX^ZcXZh Zi aV hdX^ i Zc \ c gVa# >a cZ h¼V\^i eVh ^X^ Y¼^YZci^ÄZg aZh hj_Zih Y¼VXijVa^i ! aZh hj_Zih | aV bdYZ! bV^h aZh X]d" hZh eajh [dcYVbZciVaZh! eajh egd[dcYZh fj^ cdjh eZgbZiiZci YZ higjX" ijgZg dj YZ Y higjXijgZg cdigZ hdX^ i # >a Zm^hiZ jc a^Zc igd^i ZcigZ aV XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi aV XjaijgZ X^idnZccZ# Dc cZ eZji eajh XdbegZc" YgZ WZVjXdje Y¼Zc_Zjm h^ dc c¼V eVh jc b^c^bjb YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^" ÄfjZ# ?¼V^ eVga Yj Y WVi hjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ! YZh fjZhi^dch a^ Zh | a¼ cZg\^Z# B bZ aZh XVcY^YVih | aV eg h^YZcXZ cZ h¼ZciZcYZci eVh hjg aZh X]^[[gZh! hX^Zci^ÄfjZbZci 8¼Zhi fjd^ a¼ cZg\^Z cjXa V^gZ 4 >a n V Vjhh^ YZh fjZhi^dch a^ Zh | aV Y hZgi^ÄXVi^dc! fj^ Zhi aZ h^YV YZ aV cVijgZ! Zi fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ Y igj^gZ jcZ eVgi^Z YZ a¼]jbVc^i # Idj" iZh XZh fjZhi^dch hdci | aV [d^h hdX^VaZh Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# Idji XdbbZ aZ Y WVi hjg aZ k^kVci! aV fjZhi^dc YZh XZaajaZh"hdjX]Zh! Yj igV^iZbZci \ c i^fjZ! YZ aV igVch[dgbVi^dc YZ a¼]dbbZ · ej^hfj¼dc Zhi Zc igV^c YZ g ^ckZciZg jc cdjkZa ]dbbZ Y¼jcZ [V dc b XVc^fjZ Zi iZX]c^fjZ# 9 _| aZh Vgi^hiZh a¼dci [V^i VkZX aZh Vc^bVjm / hdjkZcZo"kdjh YZ XZ X]^Zc | fjZjZ e]dhe]dgZhXZciZ Dc edjggV^i YdcX ^ckZciZg YZ cdjkZVjm ]dbbZh Zi edjhhZg a¼]jbVc^i ZcXdgZ eajh ad^c! edhVci YZ cdjkZa" aZh fjZhi^dch iZX]cdad\^fjZh! YZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZ a¼]jbV^c! Y¼^b" eVXi Yj Y kZadeeZbZci iZX]cdad\^fjZ! YZ hZh Xdch fjZcXZh# Kdjh VkZo k Xj | <gZcdWaZ aZ egdWa bZ YZh cVcdiZX]cdad\^Zh Zi YZ aZjg gZ[jh eVg jcZ eVgi^Z YZ aV edejaVi^dc / ^a n V a| fjZafjZ X]dhZ Y¼ZhhZci^Za# >a h¼V\^i Y¼jc Y Ä ^bedgiVci! fj¼dc cZ eZji gZaZkZg h^ dc c¼V eVh jc b^c^" bjb YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# Jc bjh Z YZ hX^ZcXZh cZ [ZgV _VbV^h YZh hX^Zci^[^fjZh! XZ c¼Zhi eVh hdc g aZ! Zi X¼Zhi ^bedhh^WaZ# BV^h X¼Zhi Vj bd^ch YdccZg YZh Xa h edjg XdbegZcYgZ aZh Zc_Zjm XdciZbedgV^ch fj^ c XZhh^iZci jc eZj YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! X¼Zhi kZ^aaZg aZ fjZhi^dccZbZci Zi aV Xjg^d" h^i / dc cZ eZji eajh [V^gZ a¼ Xdcdb^Z Yj Y kZadeeZbZci YZ aV XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi YZ XZ fj^ [V^i fj¼® ^a n V YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc ¯! Zc \ c gVa# 9Z idjiZ [V dc! aV fjZhi^dc [dcYVbZciVaZ YZbZjgZ XZaaZ Yj Y XVaV\Z ZcigZ XZjm fj^ hVkZci Zi XZjm fj^ cZ hVkZci eVh Zi ZcigZ XZjm fj^ ji^" a^hZci aZ cZi Zi XZjm fj^ cZ a¼ji^a^hZci eVh! ZcigZ XZjm fj^ ji^a^hZci aZh iZX]cdad\^Zh Zi XZjm fj^ cZ aZh ji^a^hZci eVh / X¼Zhi a| fjZ hZ h^ijZ aV .+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

kgV^Z [gVXijgZ hdX^VaZ! dc aZ hV^i W^Zc# :i! cdigZ g aZ! X¼Zhi _jhiZbZci YZ aV g Yj^gZ! YdcX YZ bZiigZ Zc VkVci XZiiZ fjZhi^dc# ?Z kdjYgV^h X^iZg :Y\Vg Bdg^c! eVgXZ fjZ! XdcXZgcVci aV XdbeaZm^i ! ^a bdcigV^i W^Zc fj¼jcZ XdccV^hhVcXZ eZgi^cZciZ c¼Zhi edhh^WaZ fjZ h^ a¼dc Zhi XVeVWaZ YZ XdciZmijVa^hZg hdc ^c[dgbVi^dc! YZ aV \adWVa^hZg Zi YZ aV h^ijZg YVch jc ZchZbWaZ# Dg cdigZ hnhi bZ YZ eZch Z gZcY aZh Zheg^ih ^cXVeVWaZh YZ gZa^Zg aZh hVkd^gh! XdbeVgi^bZci h Zc Y^hX^ea^cZh 0 ^a Xdcig^WjZ \V" aZbZci | Y edhh YZg aZh X^idnZch YZh Y X^h^dch eda^i^fjZh Vj egdÄi YZh ZmeZgih# 6adgh XZ X]d^m YZ a¼VeegdX]Z eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ! · jc igd^" h^ bZ [dcYZbZci! jcZ igd^h^ bZ gV^hdc! X¼Zhi W^Zc h g aV k^h^dc YZh ejWa^Xh# Edjgfjd^ ® eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ ¯ Zi ® aZh ejWa^Xh ¯ 4 EVgXZ fj¼dc eVgaZ · Zi _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi VhhZo k^YZci · YZ aV Y^kZgh^ÄXVi^dc YZh ejWa^Xh! bV^h Vjhh^ YZh bdYZh Y¼VeegZci^hhV\Z# :i Yj [V^i fjZ aZh bjh Zh dci jcZ YdjWaZ kdadci # 9¼jcZ eVgi! jcZ kdadci YZ Y bdXgV" i^Z XjaijgZaaZ! Y¼ aVg\^g aZh ejWa^Xh! cZ eVh hZ XdciZciZg YZ eVgaZg idj" _djgh Vjm b bZh# >a h¼V\^i Y¼jc Zc_Zj ZmXZhh^kZbZci ^bedgiVci! hjg aZfjZa _Z kV^h gZkZc^g# BV^h ^a h¼V\^i Vjhh^! Y¼VjigZ eVgi! YZ ÄY a^hZg XZh ejWa^Xh · YZ cZ eVh aZh gZXZkd^g jcZ hZjaZ [d^h! Vj g^hfjZ YZ c¼Vkd^g VjXjc ^beVXi hdX^Va! VÄc fjZ aZh \Zch k^ZccZci Zi gZk^ZccZci X]Zo kdjh# FjZ gZbVgfjZ"i"dc 4 9¼VWdgY! fjZ aZh bjh Zh ® XZ c¼Zhi eVh idji aZ bdcYZ ¯# )( YZh ;gVc V^h Y^hZci fjZ aZh bjh Zh cZ aZh ^ci gZhhZci eVh / aZh bjh dad\jZh YZkgV^Zci eZji" igZ idj_djgh \VgYZg V Zc i iZ# >a Zm^hiZ jc \gVcY XVgi ZcigZ aZ egdÄa hdX^d" Xdcdb^fjZ YZh ;gVc" V^h Zi aZ egdÄa YZ cdh k^h^iZjgh# 6j bjh jb! aV engVb^YZ Zhi Xdbea " iZbZci ^ckZgh Z / aZ cdbWgZ YZ Y^ea b h jc^kZgh^iV^gZh Y eVhhZ XZaj^ YZh cdc"Y^ea b h# Dc h¼VYgZhhZ ZcXdgZ | YZh \Zch ^chigj^ih# >a n V jcZ \gVcYZ kVg^VW^a^i ZcigZ aZh VXi^k^i h XjaijgZaaZh Zi aZ egdÄa YZh k^h^" iZjgh# Cdjh egVi^fjdch jcZ eda^i^fjZ Y¼ aVg\^hhZbZci YZh ejWa^Xh Zi YZ ÄY a^hVi^dc! fj^ i^Zci XdbeiZ cdc hZjaZbZci YZh Zmedh! bV^h Vjhh^ YZh VXi^k^i h XjaijgZaaZh! YZh XdaadfjZh! YZh Xdc[ gZcXZh! YZh Y WVih! Yj X^c bV! ZiX# 8Z fjZ cdjh Vkdch gZbVgfj ! X¼Zhi fjZ aZh egdÄah hdX^d" Xdcdb^fjZh Y eZcYV^Zci ad\^fjZbZci YZh ineZh Y¼VXi^k^i # 6jigZ" bZci Y^i! h^ _¼dg\Vc^hZ YZh hZhh^dch YZ X^c bV ® :i]cdad\^Z Zi 8^c bV ¯! _Z hj^h h g Y¼Vkd^g jc ejWa^X _ZjcZ# FjVcY _Z [V^h bZh \gVcYZh Xdc[ " gZcXZh ® 8dcÅjZcXZh YZh hVkd^gh ¯ ZcigZ jc Vgi^hiZ Zi jc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! _Z b¼VYgZhhZ Vj ejWa^X YZh jc^kZgh^i h idji }\Z# >a n V YdcX! YVch a¼VXi^k^i XjaijgZaaZ! jc egdÄa Xdcdb^fjZ fj^ Zhi Vjhh^ Y eZcYVci# H^ a¼dc hV^i fjZ aZ ejWa^X Zhi Zc gZX]ZgX]Z Y¼Vjidcdb^Z! YZ hZch! YZ Xdck^k^Va^i ! ^a [Vji egZcYgZ VXiZ Yj [V^i fjZ XZ ejWa^X Zhi eajg^Za Zi V YZh VeegdX]Zh XjaijgZaaZh Y^hhdcVciZh · X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼dc c¼V eVh idjh -+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

aZ b bZ egdÄa XjaijgZa ejg Zi Yjg! fj¼dc eZji h¼^ci gZhhZg | aV [d^h Vj [ddiWVaa Zi | a¼de gV# >a [Vji YdcX XZhhZg YZ XVi \dg^hZg aZh \Zch! Zi aZh Xdch^Y gZg YZ bVc^ gZ \adWVaZ! ej^hfj¼^ah k^h^iZci a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8Z fj^ Y bdcigZ fj¼^ah c¼dci eVh _jhiZ YZh XdciVXih VkZX YZh dW_Zih! VkZX aV aZXijgZ Y¼jc iZmiZ! bV^h dci jcZ VeegdX]Z \adWVaZ YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc Y¼d aV c XZhh^i YZ XZiiZ VeegdX]Z eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ# 9j ed^ci YZ kjZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch! XZaV V YZh Xdch fjZcXZh ig h [dg" iZh! ej^hfjZ aZh bjh Zh Yd^kZci g Å X]^g hjg aZ XdciZbedgV^c Zi hjg a¼^bbVi g^Za# Cdjh YZkdch g [a X]^g hjg aV hX^ZcXZ! Zi cdiVbbZci hjg aV [V dc Ydci dc kV Y kZadeeZg aV hX^ZcXZ fj^ hZ [V^i# EVgXZ fjZ aV hX^ZcXZ cZ hZ bZi eVh WZVjXdje Zc dW_Zi 0 X¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh jcZ kgV^Z fjZhi^dc# 8ZaV cdjh dWa^\Z | jc igV^iZbZci i] bVi^fjZ eajg^Y^hX^ea^" cV^gZ YVch aZh Zmedh! bV^h V cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ fjZ! edjg X]VfjZ Zmed! dc Yd^i Vkd^g jc igV^iZbZci eajg^Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ# >a h¼V\^i YdcX YZ igdj" kZg aZh Y^hX^ea^cZh aZh eajh Veegdeg^ Zh Vj egdedh Zi Vj ejWa^X k^h # 8dbbZci! Vadgh! k^iZg Y¼ igZ Xdbea^fj dj Y¼ igZ h^bea^hiZ 4 8db" bZci YdcX [V^gZ aZ ® Wdc X]d^m ¯ YZh Y^hX^ea^cZh 4 Adghfj¼dc [V^i a¼Zm" edh^i^dc ® ;gdci^ gZh ¯! dc [V^i VeeZa | aV \ d\gVe]^Z! Vjm hX^ZcXZh eda^" i^fjZh! Vjm ^bV\Zh! Vj hdc Zi | jc gZ\VgY eZghdccZa 0 bV^h dc cZ [V^i eVh VeeZa Vjm hX^ZcXZh Zi Vjm iZX]c^fjZh igVY^i^dccZaaZh! eVgXZ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh Veegdeg^ # 8ZaV dWa^\Z aZh bjh Zh | Vkd^g jc egd\gVbbZ XjaijgZa WZVjXdje eajh kVhiZ! fj^ i^Zci XdbeiZ YZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh egd" Äah YZh ejWa^Xh! Y¼jc ZchZbWaZ YZ edgiZh Y¼Zcig Z# Cdjh Vkdch [V^i eVg ZmZbeaZ YZh k^h^iZh \j^Y Zh VkZX YZh YVchZjgh! fj^ cZ eVgaV^Zci eVh Vjm k^h^iZjgh / X¼ iV^Zci YZh \j^YZh"Xdc[ gZcX^Zgh"YVchZjgh! idji h^b" eaZbZci! X¼ iV^i jcZ VjigZ edgiZ Y¼Zcig Z! VkZX YZh Xdch fjZcXZh Vj c^kZVj YZ aV \Zhi^dc# 9Vch jc egdX]V^c XdaadfjZ! _Z edjggV^ ^ciZgkZc^g hjg aV \Zhi^dc Zi Zmea^fjZg fj¼VWdgYZg aV cdi^dc YZ XdbeaZm^i eajg^" Y^hX^ea^cV^gZ eZji Vjhh^ ZcigV cZg YZh X]Vc\ZbZcih dg\Vc^hVi^dccZah YVch jcZ ^chi^iji^dc# BZgX^# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc BZgX^ WZVjXdje# ?Z eZchZ fj¼dc eZji hZ hdjkZc^g YZ aV eg iZci^dc Yj bjh Z Vj YdjWaZ hZch fjZ aZh bjh Zh hdci eg iZci^Zjm bV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh! XZ fj¼dc V kj! X¼Zhi fj¼^ah VkV^Zci jc edh^i^dccZbZci Zi jcZ ^ciZc" i^dc! fj¼^ah hZ YdccV^Zci YZh dW_ZXi^[h! Zi fj¼^ah VkV^Zci eg iZci^dc | iZc^g XZh dW_ZXi^[h# EVgb^ XZjm"a|! eZji" igZ fj¼dc eZji gZiZc^g jc a bZci fj^ hZgV^i ^ci gZhhVci | Y^hXjiZg eVgXZ fjZ V eZji igZ jc a bZci | eda " b^fjZh hjg aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa VkVci Y¼ igZ jc egd_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi a| dc gZigdjkZ jcZ ^Y Z fj^ V i Y kZadee Z eVg 8aV^gZ H^bVgY Vjidjg YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z dg^Zci Z"Y^[[jh^dc Zi aV bVc^ gZ Vjhh^! jc VjigZ a bZci fj^ .-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

iV^i eg hZci YVch aZh VjigZh ^ciZgkZci^dch hjg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ hX^ZcXZ Zi hdX^ i ! aV bVc^ gZ Ydci aZ bjh Z Vj [dcY Xdchigj^i jc gVeedgi | hV [V dc | eVgi^g eVg ZmZbeaZ Y¼Zc_Zjm hdX^Vjm dj Y¼jc gZ\VgY hjg aZh Zc_Zjm hdX^Vjm# >a bZ gZhiZ | eVhhZg aV eVgdaZ | Bdch^Zjg EVig^X` I]^a! fj^ Zhi bV^gZ"VY_d^ci YZ aV XdbbjcZ YZ BZio Zi fj^ V aZ hiViji Y¼ aj i bd^c# 6adgh _Z hjeedhZ fj¼jc aj"i bd^c Zhi XZaj^ fj^ eVgaZ jc eZj | eVgi^g YZ hdc Zme g^ZcXZ bV^h X¼Zhi XZaj^ Vjhh^ fj^ YdccZ jc ed^ci YZ kjZ hjg XZ fj^ V i eg hZci # waj i bd^c / EVig^X` I]^a BV^gZ"VY_d^ci YZ aV k^aaZ YZ BZio! Y a \j | aV 8jaijgZ

Dj^! Y¼VWdgY bZgX^ | aV [d^h Vjm dg\Vc^hViZjgh Zi | kdjh idjh edjg kdh egdedh# AZ gZ\VgY fjZ _Z eZjm edgiZg c¼Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci eVh jc ed^ci YZ kjZ YZ hVkVci! bV^h YVkVciV\Z aZ ed^ci YZ kjZ Y¼jc aj# ?Z hj^h Zc X]Vg\Z YZh V[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh | aV k^aaZ YZ BZio Zi k^XZ" eg h^YZci YZ aV 8dbbjcVji Y¼V\\adb gVi^dch YZ BZio b igd" edaZ 8V'b Zc X]Vg\Z YZh fj^eZbZcih XjaijgZah# ² XZ i^igZ bZ gZk^Zci aV adjgYZ i}X]Z YZ \ gZg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi fjVcY _Z kdjh XdjiV^h aZh jch Zi aZh VjigZh! ^a bZ kZcV^i | a¼Zheg^i fjZ aZ aVc" \V\Z YZh \Zch YZ bjh Z! aZh iZgbZh fjZ kdjh ZbeadnZo! aZh hnbWd" aZh fj^ ^bV\Zci kdh egdedh cZ hdci eVh XZjm Zc Xdjgh YVch aZ heZX" iVXaZ k^kVci# BZgX^ | B^X]Za 8 i Y¼Vkd^g jc eZj djkZgi aZh X]dhZh | aV eajgVa^i YZh Y^hX^ea^cZh XjaijgZaaZh 0 | aV Äc YZ hdc Zmedh ! ^a V Y XaVg fjZ / ® GkWdZ `[ \W_i l_i_j[h kd Y[hjW_d decXh[ ZÊ[nfei_j_edi" `[ \W_i Wff[b } Z[i ZWdi[khi ¯! _Z igdjkZ XZaV VhhZo ^ci gZhhVci Zi dc gZigdjkZ eVg a| b bZ eZji" igZ jcZ XZgiV^cZ jc^X^i YZ aV XjaijgZ# 9gZhhdch jc eZj aZ XVYgZ YZ bV h^beaZ Zme g^ZcXZ Y¼ aj# Cdjh Vkdch | BZio jc bjh Z Y¼6gX] dad\^Z Zi YZh 7ZVjm"6gih Zi jc bjh Z fj^ Zhi Xdbea iZbZci Zc hdbbZ^a eVgXZ fj¼dc cZ eZji b bZ eajh a¼djkg^g edjg YZh gV^hdch YZ h Xjg^i / jc bjh Z Y¼=^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ# EVg V^aaZjgh! _Z igVkV^aaZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ hjg a¼^beaVciVi^dc Yj XZcigZ Edbe^Ydj | BZio! fj^ [ZgV YVch cdigZ k^aaZ hV egZb^ gZ Y XZcigVa^" hVi^dc# 8Z hZgV jc k cZbZci ^ciZgcVi^dcVa! XVg aZ XZcigZ Edbe^Ydj Zhi X a WgZ YVch aZ bdcYZ Zci^Zg Zi X¼Zhi | BZio fj¼^a [ZgV hV egZb^ gZ Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc! aV YZjm^ bZ iVci kZcijZaaZbZci | H]Vc\]V^# ?Z k^h Vjhh^ YVch jc Y eVgiZbZci d aZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ aV BdhZaaZ V g^\ jcZ k g^iVWaZ eda^i^fjZ YZ bjh Zh Vj eajg^Za YZej^h | eZj eg h jcZ Y^oV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh# >a c¼n VkV^i eVh jc hZja bjh Z Zc BdhZaaZ | eVgi aZh bjh Zh YZ BZio# :i Vj_djgY¼]j^ dc V | aV [d^h jc bjh Z <Zdg\Zh YZ aV Idjg | K^X"hjg"HZ^aaZ fj^ idjgcZ Vjidjg YZ fjZafjZh ¶jkgZh YZ XZ --

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

eZ^cigZ adggV^c Zi YZ aV XdaaZXi^dc Y¼jc \gVcY eVhh^dcc Y¼Vgi! b^" cZci egd[ZhhZjg! jc bjh Z Yj HZa! jc bjh Z YZh ;V ZcXZg^Zh | HVggZ" \jZb^cZh! jc bjh Z | <gVkZadiiZ! XdchVXg | aV \jZggZ YZ &-,%# 9 h adgh! fjVcY dc ^ciZggd\Z aV i] bVi^fjZ fj^ Zhi aV c igZ Vj_djgY¼]j^! | hVkd^g hX^ZcXZ Zi bjh Z! XdchiVidch fjZ YZh bjh Zh Vj_djgY¼]j^ ^a n Zc V YZ idjiZ cVijgZ! bV^h fj¼^a n V Vjhh^ YZh bjh Zh YZh hX^ZcXZh# ² XZ ed^ci! _Z hdj]V^iZgV^h [V^gZ jcZ egZb^ gZ dWhZgkVi^dc# FjVcY dc Y^i ® bjh Zh ¯! aZ ejWa^X V ^bb Y^ViZbZci | a¼Zheg^i aZ ® bjh Z YZh WZVjm"Vgih ¯# BV^h kdjh VkZo kdfj aZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ! aZh bjh Zh YZ igVY^i^dc edejaV^gZ! aZh bjh Zh YZ edgXZaV^cZ! Yj kZggZ! YZh igVchedgih! ^a n V YZh bjh Zh YZ a¼]dbbZ Zi W^Zc h g YZh bjh Zh YZh X^k^a^hVi^dch ej^hfjZ idji | a¼]ZjgZ 8aV^gZ H^bVgY cdjh Zc eVgaV^i# 9ZkVci jc iZa [d^hdccZbZci! dc Yd^i h¼^ciZggd\Zg hjg aV [dcXi^dc Yj bjh Z YVch aV X^i Vj_djgY¼]j^ · bZgX^ | Bdch^Zjg 8 i YZ eVgaZg YZ aV ® eg iZci^dc ¯# CdigZ X^k^a^hVi^dc! edjg X^iZg BVagVjm! Zhi hVch YdjiZ XZaaZ fj^ eZji hZ eg iZcYgZ a¼] g^i^ gZ YZ idjiZh aZh VjigZh Zi fj^ aZ gZkZcY^fjZ# 8Z WZhd^c YZ a¼jc^kZghZa Zhi hVch YdjiZ aV XVgVXi g^hi^fjZ YZ cdigZ h^c\j" aVg^i b bZ# :c XZ hZch! aZ bdcYZ dXX^YZciVa VeeVgV igV hVch YdjiZ XdbbZ jc bdcYZ YZ bjh Zh | a¼VjcZ YZ a¼=^hid^gZ# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ g Yj^gZ aZh X]dhZh XdbbZ XZaV eZji igZ kgV^! bV^h h^ a¼w\neiZ Zhi jcZ X^k^a^hVi^dc YZ idbWZVjm! _Z eZchZ fjZ aZ MMZ h^ XaZ Zi aZ MM>Z h^ XaZ [dci Ä\jgZ YZ X^k^a^hVi^dc YZh bjh Zh Zc DXX^YZci# Edjgfjd^ 4 EgZcdch eVg ZmZbeaZ aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Yj cdbWgZ Zi YZh \ZcgZh YZ bjh Zh Ydci _Z k^Zch YZ kdjh eVgaZg# :c iZgbZh ÄcVcX^Zgh Zi Y¼Zc\V\ZbZci WjY\ " iV^gZ! kd^a| fj^ c¼Zhi eVh cZjigZ# AZ Y kZadeeZbZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ YZh bjh Zh VkZX aZh Zc\V\ZbZcih [^cVcX^Zgh! ]jbV^ch! ^bbdW^a^Zgh Zi Y¼dXXjeVi^dc YZh ZheVXZh X^iVY^ch fjZ XZaV hjeedhZ Zhi fjVcY b bZ jc h^\cZ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ YZ cdigZ X^k^a^hVi^dc# ?Z eZchZ! | XZi \VgY! fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ XVgVXi g^hi^fjZ Yj bdcYZ dXX^YZciVa# ?Z cZ eZchZ eVh fjZ c^ a¼6[g^fjZ! c^ a¼DX Vc^Z c^ b bZ a¼:mig bZ"Dg^Zci dci XZ \d i Yj bjh Z# :i XZ \d i Yj bjh Z kV ig h ad^c# H^ kdjh eVgXdjgZo eVg ZmZb" eaZ bdc Y eVgiZbZci YZ aV BdhZaaZ! dc kd^i XZ ® [d^hdccZbZci ¯ YZh bjh Zh# BV^h h^ kdjh gZ\VgYZo aV XVgiZ YZ EVg^h! X¼Zhi ZcXdgZ eajh kgV^# EVgXZ fjZ h^ _Z eVgh YZ a¼djZhi edjg VaaZg | a¼Zhi! kdjh VkZo jcZ fjVc" i^i YZ bjh Zh fj^ Zhi VhhZo e]VgVdc^fjZ# Kdjh VkZo aZh bjh Zh YZh 6gih Zmig bZ"dg^ZciVjm! aZ bjh Z YZ a¼=dbbZ! aZ bjh Z YZ a¼6gX]^" iZXijgZ! aZ bjh Z YZh 6gih egZb^Zgh! X]Zg Vj Eg h^YZci 8]^gVX! aZ EZi^i EVaV^h Zi aZ <gVcY EVaV^h fj^ YdccZci a^Zj | YZh Zmedh^i^dch iZbed" gV^gZh! aZ bjh Z Y¼DghVn! aZ bjh Z Yj AdjkgZ! aZ bjh Z E^XVhhd! aZh bjh Zh YZ aV k^aaZ YZ EVg^h! 8VgcVkVaZi! ZiX# :i _Z eZchZ fjZ h^ dc Xdci^" ./

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

cjV^i XdbbZ XZaV | hj^kgZ aV HZ^cZ! dc h¼VeZgXZkgV^i fjZ a¼ e^cZ Ydg" hVaZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ YZ aV XVe^iVaZ YZ ;gVcXZ Zhi [V^iZ YZ bjh Zh# ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a n V a|! Zc idji XVh! Zc iZgbZ hdX^dad\^fjZ! fjZafjZ X]dhZ Y¼VhhZo ^ci gZhhVci fj^ bVgfjZgV eZji" igZ jcZ Y Äc^i^dc YZ cdigZ edfjZ# Bdc YZjm^ bZ ed^ci YZ kjZ Xdch^hiZgV | kdjh gZcYgZ hZch^WaZh Vj [V^i fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi YZkZcj jc a^Zj edjg aZfjZa aZh Vgi^hiZh Xg Zci aZjgh ¶jkgZh# 8Z fj^ Zhi VWhdajbZci cdjkZVj YVch a¼]^hid^gZ# ?VY^h! dc [V^hV^i XdaaZXi^dc YZ XZ fj^ VkV^i VeeVgiZcj | YZ \gVcYZh ^chi^iji^dch / aZ bdcYZ Yj edjkd^g! aV gdnVji ! aZ bdcYZ YZh \a^hZh! YZh gZa^\^dch# 8Z hdjX^ iV^i YZ XdchZgkZg a¼ZmXZaaZcXZ! aZ \ c^Z# >a cZ hZgV^i kZcj | a¼^Y Z YZ eZghdccZ Y¼djkg^g Vjm bjh Zh aZh dW_Zih YZ aV k^Z XdjgVciZ hVj[ Zc bVi^ gZ VgX] dad\^fjZ# :i ZcXdgZ hZ XdciZciV^i"dc YZh X]Z[h"Y¼¶jkgZ# 6j_djgY¼]j^! aZ bjh Z h¼ iZcY | a¼dgY^cV^gZ Y¼jcZ k^Z bjh Z YZ igVY^" i^dc edejaV^gZ! YZ X^k^a^hVi^dc Zi Y¼VgX] dad\^Z # BW @eYedZ[ iV^i [V^iZ edjg jc VbViZjg Y¼Vgi! cdc edjg jc bjh Z# :aaZ XdbbZcXZ YVch aV X]VbWgZ YZ ;gVc d^h >Zg Zi Äc^i YVch aZh bjh Zh cVi^dcVjm# >a n VkV^i jc gVeedgi VkZX a¼¶jkgZ! VkZX aZh WZVjm"Vgih fj^ iV^i jc gVeedgi hd^i VhhZo ^cY^k^YjZa! hd^i ^chi^iji^dccZa edjg aZh eVaV^h dj aZh \a^hZh # 8Zi ZcYgd^i! eVg ZmZbeaZ! egdjkZ fjZ aZh k^h^iVcY^cZh VkV^Zci jcZ XZg" iV^cZ ej^hhVcXZ! bVcV^Zci YZ a¼Vg^hidXgVi^Z! iV^Zci XVeVWaZh YZ [V^gZ XZ X]Z["Y¼¶jkgZ# BV^h fjVcY XZi Vgi hZ Xg V^i! a¼^ciZci^dc c¼ iV^i eVh YZ aZ bjh d\gVe]^Zg# Dg! Vj_djgY¼]j^! Zc bVi^ gZ Y¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! kdjh aZ hVkZo W^Zc! ^a Zhi VWhdajbZci ^bedhh^WaZ YZ [V^gZ ZcigZg jcZ ¶jkgZ XdciZbedgV^cZ YVch jc hVadc# Kdjh a¼VjgZo idjh cdi eVgXZ fjZ hd^i aV Y^bZch^dc YZh eVccZVjm! YZh hXjaeijgZh c¼Zhi [V^iZ fjZ edjg aZh bjh Zh! hd^i fjZ a¼dc eVgaZ Y¼^chiVaaVi^dc fj^ c XZhh^iZ eVg cVijgZ Y¼Zm" igVdgY^cV^gZh Y^bZch^dch# 9dcX cdc hZjaZbZci aZ bjh Z Zhi YZkZcj fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ XVe^iVa | cdh X^k^a^hVi^dch! bV^h a¼Vgi aj^"b bZ cZ h¼VYgZhhZ ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci fj¼Vjm bjh Zh Zjm"b bZh! Y¼d a¼^bedg" iVcXZ YZh ;dcYh g \^dcVjm Y¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! aZh ;gVX! aZh bjh Zh Y¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c fj^ hdci a| edjg gZXZkd^g jc Vgi Ydci dc edjggV^i Y¼V^aaZjgh Y WViigZ h¼^a Zhi d[ÄX^Za dj eVh / Zc idjh aZh XVh aZh X]dhZh hdci [V^iZh edjg aj^# A¼Vgi c¼Zhi eajh [V^i fjZ edjg aZ bjh Z# C¼Zhi"XZ eVh Vjhh^ jc ZmX h YZ eg iZci^dc 4 °BV^h XZX^ Zhi jc VjigZ Y WVi# 9dcX fjVcY _Z gZegZcYh a¼Zmedh YZ B^X]Za 8 i idji | a¼]ZjgZ! aZ iZgbZ eg iZci^Zjm bZ eVgV i VhhZo W^Zc XdaaZg | XZ XVh cdiVbbZci# FjVcY dc b¼^ciZggd\Z Zc iVci fj¼ aj Zi | aV eaVXZ bdYZhiZ fjZ _¼dX" XjeZ eVg gVeedgi | kdh Xdcig^Wji^dch hjg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ bjh Z Zi hX^ZcXZ! ^a bZ k^Zci | a¼Zheg^i jc XZgiV^c eVgVYdmZ# Kdjh VkZo W^Zc h g dWhZgk fjZ! fjZa fjZ hd^i aZ bjh Z Zi b bZ h¼^a c¼Zhi eVh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Zi XdcigV^gZbZci Vjm b Y^Vi] fjZh! Vjm W^Wa^d" .%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

i] fjZh! Zi | jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh d ^a Zm^hiZ YZh XdchZgkViZjgh! Y h adgh! YVch jc bjh Z! fj¼dc Zhi Zc fj^eZ! dc cZ eVgaZ eajh Y¼ fj^eZ YZ XdchZgkViZjgh! bV^h Y¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZh bjh Zh# Dc cZ eVgaZ eVh Y¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZh b Y^Vi] fjZh! dj Y¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZh VgX]^kZh# 8¼Zhi Y^gZ fjZ edjg aZh bjh Zh! aZ Xdgeh YZh XdchZgkViZjgh Zi YZh ViiVX] h YZ XdchZgkVi^dc! Y h adgh fj¼^a Zhi eg^h YVch hV \adWVa^i ! YZk^Zci jcZ ® fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ¯# 8ZaV Zc Y^i adc\ Zi fj¼^a Yd^i n Vkd^g [dgX bZci jcZ hdjb^hh^dc YZh X]d^m | jc ® VheZXi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ¯# < c gVaZbZci! a¼ aj gZhedchVWaZ Zhi XZaj^ fj^ Zhi a¼VgW^igZ YZh bdnZch! cdiVbbZci WjY\ iV^gZh# 8¼Zhi b bZ aV Y Äc^i^dc Yj edjkd^g g ejWa^XV^c# 9¼]VW^ijYZ dc kdjh Y^i idj_djgh / fj^ eV^Z X]d^h^i# Dg! X¼Zhi kgV^ edjg aZh gdjiZh dj aZh XdaZh! aZh Xg X]Zh Zi aZh ZheVXZh kZgih# BV^h h¼^a n V W^Zc jc YdbV^cZ d XZaj^ fj^ eV^Z cZ X]d^h^i eVh! X¼Zhi W^Zc XZaj^ YZh bjh Zh# Edjgfjd^ 4 EVgXZ fj¼^a n V jcZ hdjb^hh^dc YZ XZ edjkd^g | jcZ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# ² eVgi^g Yj bdbZci d dc kdjh V Y^i fjZ a¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ h¼deedhZ | XZ fjZ kdjh eg i^Zo XZ iVWaZVj edjg a¼Zmedh^i^dc fj^ kV hZ Y gdjaZg YVch aZ B^Y^ dj YVch aZ CdgY! kdjh c¼VkZo eajh g^Zc | Y^gZ ej^hfjZ a¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ kdjh Y^i fj¼^a cZ [Vji eVh hdgi^g a¼¶jkgZ# Kdjh iZh Xdbea " iZbZci · Zi X¼Zhi eZji" igZ jcZ WdccZ X]dhZ · hdjb^h | XZ X]d^m eVgXZ fj¼dc aZ Y^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# 6adgh bV^ciZcVci dc eZji h¼^ciZggd\Zg / bV^h YZ fjZaaZ hX^ZcXZ h¼V\^i"^a 4 Edjg bV eVgi! bV^h bdc VeegdX]Z Zhi Xdb" ea iZbZci eZghdccZaaZ! _¼Zc V^ gZXZch fjVigZ Y Äc^i^dch edhh^WaZh# EgZb^Zg a bZci YZ aV hX^ZcXZ [VXZ Vjm bjh Zh / aZ gVeedgi Vjm hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh# 8¼Zhi idji aZ gVeedgi | a¼]^hid^gZ! | aV hdX^dad\^Z! | a¼Vci]gdedad\^Z! idji V kdjh Zc VkZo ZmigVdgY^cV^gZbZci W^Zc eVga # BV^h XZ gVeedgi Vjm hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh djkgZ fjVcY b bZ jc XZg" iV^c cdbWgZ YZ Y WVih# ?Z kdjYgV^h h^beaZbZci aZh Å X]Zg# A¼]^hid^gZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ dc hV^i fjZ X¼Zhi cdc hZjaZbZci YZh [V^ih ]^hidg^fjZh! jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh d aZh hX^ZcXZh Y^iZh ZmVXiZh · aZh hX^ZcXZh bVi] bVi^fjZh! e]nh^fjZh! dci jcZ ^cÅjZcXZ# FjVcY dc Y XdjkgZ YZ cdjkZaaZh X]dhZh! eVg ZmZbeaZ aZ Xg}cZ YZ Adj^h MK>>! dc gZbZi Zc XVjhZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh fj^ iV^Zci iVWa^Zh YVch a¼]^h" id^gZ 0 X¼Zhi k^YZci# ?¼Zc[dcXZ YZh edgiZh djkZgiZh Zc kdjh Y^hVci fjZ aZ gZ\VgY fjZ a¼dc edgiZ hjg I^iZ"A^kZ Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci Y^[[ gZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ \g}XZ Vjm Veedgih hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! XZaj^ fjZ edgiV^i hjg aZ b bZ I^iZ"A^kZ BVX]^VkZa dj 7dhhjZi fjVcY ^a Xg^k^i a¼]^hid^gZ jc^" kZghZaaZ edjg aZ [jijg gd^ YZ ;gVcXZ# >a Zhi k^YZci fjZ cdc hZjaZbZci a¼]^hid^gZ hZ WVhZ hjg YZh [V^ih eg X^h! Xdcig aVWaZh! _jhi^Ä h bV^h fj¼ZaaZ hZ [dcYZ Vjhh^ hjg XZ fjZ aV ® cdjkZaaZ ]^hid^gZ ¯ V VeeZa aZh ® XVjhZh egd[dcYZh ¯ Zi fj^ gZa kZci YZ aV hdX^dad\^Z! YZ a¼ Xdcdb^Z! YZ a¼ ijYZ /'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Yj XVgVXi gZ YZh ]dbbZh! Zi hjg · bZ eZgbZi"dc YZ aZ Y^gZ 4 · aZ gZ\VgY YZ a¼]^hidg^Zc [V dcc eVg hV egdegZ ]^hid^gZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼jc b bZ [V^i ]^hidg^fjZ · eVg ZmZbeaZ YZ a¼6ci^fj^i · cZ kV eajh igZ kj YZ aV b bZ [V dc hZadc fj¼^a hZgV dWhZgk Zi Y Xg^i | a¼ edfjZ YZ aV GZcV^hhVcXZ! | a¼ edfjZ Yj Y^m"]j^i^ bZ h^ XaZ dj | a¼ edfjZ bdYZgcZ! X¼Zhi k^YZci# 9dcX! YVch a¼VheZXi ® hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ¯ Zi cdiVbbZci edjg a¼]^hid^gZ XdbbZ edjg idjiZh aZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh! ^a n V jc gVeedgi b^gd^g ZcigZ aZ [V^i ]^hidg^fjZ Wgji Zi aZh Xdch fjZcXZh fj¼Zc Y Yj^" hZci aZh dWhZgkViZjgh# Dg! X¼Zhi W^Zc a¼]^hid^gZ! Zc bVi^ gZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! fj^ kV ^bedhZg Vj bjh Z jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]d^m# FjVcY dc Y^i / a¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ® leki Z_j gk[° ¯! eVg gVeedgi | a¼]^hid^gZ! dc k^Zci YZ kd^g fjZ c Vcbd^ch | a¼^ci g^Zjg YZ idji XZi VheZXi Y^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ^a n V eaVXZ edjg aV hjW_ZXi^k^i # EVhhdch | aV hdX^dad\^Z / XZiiZ Y^bZch^dc Zhi ^bedgiVciZ XVg ZaaZ edhZ Vjhh^ aV fjZhi^dc YZ hVkd^g | fj^ aZ bjh Z h¼VYgZhhZ dj | fj^ ^a h¼VYgZh" hV^i# EVgXZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Y¼VcX^Zch bjh Zh fj^ YViZci Yj M>MZ h^ XaZ VkZX jc Y^hXdjgh [dgX bZci VYVei | XZiiZ e g^dYZ# 8¼Zhi jcZ egdWa " bVi^fjZ# :hi"XZ fj¼dc \VgYZ XZh XdaaZXi^dch iZaaZh fj¼ZaaZh hdci! Zhi"XZ fj¼dc aZh VYVeiZ Vj \d i Yj ejWa^X Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 ?¼V^ eVg ZmZbeaZ jc Y WVi VkZX bdc eZi^i bjh Z Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ# 9Zjm X]dhZh / dj W^Zc dc Xdch^Y gZ fj¼^a [Vji [V^gZ XdbbZ aZ Bjh jb Y¼]^hid^gZ cVij" gZaaZ YZ EVg^h Zi gZbZiigZ aZh XdaaZXi^dch Vj \d i Yj _djg Zi XdbbZ XZaV V i bV\^higVaZbZci [V^i! VkZX XZ \d i Vjhh^ edjg XZ b^c^bVa^hbZ / dc bZi aZh X]dhZh Zc kVaZjg VkZX hd^c Zi VkZX Y^YVXi^hbZ# H^ X¼Zhi XZaV fj¼^a [Vji [V^gZ! Vadgh _¼V^ jcZ g edchZ eda^i^fjZ! X¼Zhi a¼ZmiZgcVa^hVi^dc YZ XZiiZ eVgi^Z Yj bjh Z# 8ZaV c¼V g^Zc | kd^g VkZX a¼VgX] dad\^Z! g^Zc | kd^g VkZX aZh WZVjm"Vgih Zi dc h¼Zcg^X]^gV YZ Y^gZ ® ed W kd cki [ ikffb # c[djW_h[ ¯# ?Z aZ bZiigV^ Vj _VgY^c WdiVc^fjZ! dc [ZgV k^kgZ aV [VjcZ Zi aV ÅdgZ Zi idji V ^gV ig h W^Zc! XdbbZ | EVg^h ZcigZ Bjh jb Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ Zi _VgY^c YZh EaVciZh# BV^h · Zi _¼n hj^h ig h hZch^WaZ · XZg" iV^ch eZjkZci kdjh Y^gZ fj¼^a [Vji XdchZgkZg XZ bjh Z Y¼]^hid^gZ cVij" gZaaZ iZa fj¼^a Zhi Vj_djgY¼]j^! XVg X¼Zhi jc YZh gVgZh i bd^\cV\Zh hjg aZ hX^Zci^hbZ Vj M>MZ h^ XaZ / XZh Vgbd^gZh"k^ig^cZh! XZh e]dfjZh ZbeV^aa h!

XZh eZi^ih d^hZVjm cVijgVa^h h! XZh eVe^aadch eVg b^aa^Zgh e^fj h YVch YZh hdjh"kZggZ! X¼Zhi a¼jc^kZgh YZ I^ci^c ?Z hZgV^h Vadgh XdcYj^i | \Vg" YZg Zi aZh k^ig^cZh Zi aZ eVgfjZi fj^ XgVfjZ eVgXZ fj¼Vci]gdedad\^fjZ" bZci V eZji igZ ^ci gZhhVci YZ hVkd^g XdbbZci dc eg hZciV^i aZh X]dhZh | XZiiZ ]VjiZ edfjZ YZ X a WgVi^dc Yj ® YVgl^c^hbZ ¯# Kdjh kdnZo fjZ a| ZcXdgZ XZaV [V^i Y WVi Zi dc edjggV^i hZ Y^gZ fjZ aZ eda^i^" fjZ Zhi a| edjg igVcX]Zg# ?Z eZjm kdjh Y^gZ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh h^ k^YZci

.'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Yj [V^i YZ aV eg hZcXZ YZh ® fj^eZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh ¯ Zi YZ XZiiZ eg iZc" i^dc YZ hdjb^hh^dc | aV hX^ZcXZ# 9Zjm^ bZ a bZci YZ aV hX^ZcXZ [VXZ Vjm bjh Zh / aZ gVeedgi Vjm hX^ZcXZh ZmVXiZh# AZh hX^ZcXZh ZmVXiZh hdci eg hZciZh YVch aZh bjh Zh | W^Zc YZh i^igZh# 8¼Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci a¼VgX] dad\^Z! aZh [dj^aaZh Zi aZ gZXdjgh | aV e]nh^fjZ! | aV X]^b^Z! VkZX aZ XVgWdcZ &)! VkZX aZh gVndch M# ?Z bZ hdjk^Zch Y¼jc b^cZci XdchZgkViZjg YZ bjh Z fj^ iV^i Vj KVi^" XVc! fj^ jc eZi^i eZj Veg h ® KVi^XVc >> ¯ h¼ iV^i edh YZh fjZhi^dch hjg aZh VjiZah# >a VkV^i ZciZcYj fj¼Vj bjh Z YZ BZio dc edhh YV^i · XZ c¼ iV^i eVh Vj bjh Z Y¼V^aaZjgh! X¼ iV^i Vj ig hdg YZ aV XVi] YgVaZ · jc VjiZa edgiVi^[ XVgda^c\^Zc# >a Zhi kZcj jc _djg Zc Y^hVci / ® ;ij#Y[ gk[ `[ f[kn b[ hWZ_e]hWf^_[h 5 ¯ 6adgh dc Zhi Vaa YVch jc ] e^iVa! dc Zhi Vaa gVY^d\gVe]^Zg a¼VjiZa edgiVi^[# Dc V XdchiVi Vadgh fj¼^a cZ XdciZcV^i eVh YZ gZa^fjZh# ² eVgi^g YZ XZ bdbZci"a|! aZ KVi^XVc V ej Y^gZ / ® C c[ } bÊ fegk[ Z[ 9^Whb[cW]d[" _b dÊo WlW_j fWi Z[ h[b_gk[i ZWdi b[i Wkj[bi feh# jWj_\i$ : i behi" ed d[ lW fbki h[dZh[ b[i h[b_gk[i eXb_]Wje_h[i } bÊ_dj h_[kh Z[i Wkj[bi$ ¯ A¼w\a^hZ [V^hV^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZbZci jc \gVcY eVh YVch hV egd" egZ igVY^i^dc | eVgi^g YZ XZ eVhhV\Z Vjm gVndch M Y¼jc VjiZa edgiVi^[ XVgda^c\^Zc# >a Zhi k^YZci fjZ aZh hX^ZcXZh ZmVXiZh aZh gVndch M! aZ XVg" WdcZ &)! a¼ kdaji^dc YZ aV X]^b^Z° [dci Xdch^Y gVWaZbZci VkVcXZg aV gZX]ZgX]Z YVch aZh bjh Zh# BV^h jcZ [d^h fj¼dc V Y^i V! dc Zhi fjVcY b bZ Xdc[gdci | YZh egdWa bZh YZ X]d^m fj^! Zjm! | bdc hZch! cZ hdci eVh idj_djgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# :mZbeaZ / kdjh VkZo | gZhiVjgZg jcZ hiVijZ bdnZc}\ZjhZ# >a n V fjZafjZh igVXZh YZ edanX]gdb^Z# ® 7^ ek_" cW_i _bi edj Z jh[ hW`ekj i Wk NL??[ i_ Yb[$ ¯ Dg! hjeedhdch fjZ XZ hd^i jcZ hiVijZ \di]^fjZ# FjZ [V^i"dc edjg hV gZhiVjgVi^dc / \gViiZg 4 Dc kV \gViiZg bV^h dc kV ZcaZkZg aV edanX]gdb^Z _jhfj¼d 4 9dcX kdjh VkZo YZh egdWa bVi^fjZh YZ XZ ineZ# FjZafjZ[d^h! XZgiV^ch Zca kZci iZaaZ" bZci aZh XdjX]Zh hjXXZhh^kZh YZ a¼]^hid^gZ fj¼^ah Y^hZci Zchj^iZ / ® wW o [ij ed W [dÓd bW Yekb[kh eh_]_d[bb[ ¯ :] W^Zc eZghdccZaaZbZci ^a b¼Zhi Vgg^k YZ cZ eajh aV kd^g# 7dc! V edhZ a| ZcXdgZ jc Y WVi / _jhfj¼d kV" i"dc 4 8¼Zhi \VaZbZci! _Z aZ hV^h W^Zc! aV X]VgiZ YZ KZc^hZ fj^ [V^i a¼dW" _Zi! Y^i"dc! YZ fjZgZaaZh ^iVad"[gVc V^hZh# 9j X i [gVc V^h! jcZ gZhiVjgV" i^dc Yd^i igZ b^c^bVa^hiZ# H^ edjg eg hZciZg jc dW_Zi · ZcÄc XZ c¼Zhi eVh | kdjh fjZ _Z kV^h VeegZcYgZ XZaV · dc [V^i aZ b^c^bjb Zi h^ jc V_dji Yd^i igZ [V^i ^a [Vji fj¼^a hZ kd^Z YZ [V dc | XZ fj¼dc hVX]Z fjZ iZa VheZXi V i igV^i Vj MM>Z h^ XaZ# BV^h jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ egdWa bZh hZ edhZci YVch aZh bjh Zh Ydci XZaj^ YZ aV igVY^i^dc bjh d\gVe]^fjZ# EVg ZmZbeaZ / ® Leo[p bW j j[ gk_ [ij ikh b[ Yehfi" [^ X_[d Ó]kh[p#leki gkÊ[bb[ d[ lW fWi Wl[Y b[ Yehfi fWhY[ gkÊWk`ekhZÊ^k_ iY_[dj_Ógk[c[dj ed iW_j gk[

/)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YÊ[ij kd[ j j[ gk_ W j W`ekj [ } j[bb[ fegk[ [j gk[ YÊ[ij kd[ [hh[kh 0 Y[jj[ j j[#b} d[ lW fWi Wl[Y Y[ Yehfi#Y_$ ¯ BV^h h^ kdjh ZcaZkZo aV i iZ fj^ Zhi hjg aZ Xdgeh Vj cdb YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! kdjh bZiiZo aV edejaVi^dc fjZafjZ" [d^h Zc bd^ Zi aZh \Zch kdjh Y^hZci / ® Fekhgke_ lekb[p#leki Z YWf_j[h bW ijWjk[ 5 ¯ 8Z hdci XZh egdWa bVi^fjZh YZ gZhiVjgVi^dc! YZ a^h^W^a^i ! YZ g kZgh^W^a^i ! Ydci idji aZ bdcYZ hZbWaZ Y¼VXXdgY bV^h fj^ edhZci YZh egdWa bZh | a¼ aj fjVcY ^a n V Y hVXXdgY ZcigZ ® hX^Zci^ÄfjZh ¯# ;^cVaZ" bZci! fjZ [V^i"dc 4 Hjg XZh fjZhi^dch! aZh g edchZh kVg^Zci Zc [dcXi^dc YZh kVg^Vi^dch YZ aV hX^ZcXZ# Igd^h^ bZ ed^ci# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh h¼^a h¼V\^i Y¼jcZ hX^ZcXZ dj Y¼jc Vgi! bV^h X¼Zhi idjiZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV eg hZciVi^dc# 8Z fj¼dc VeeZaaZ aV bjh d\gVe]^Z dj aV hX cd\gVe]^Z# 8ZaV YdccZ ZcXdgZ eajh a^Zj | Y WVih# AV hX^ZcXZ V [V^i VkVcXZg aZh X]dhZh Zc bVi^ gZ YZ XdchZgkVi^dc# >a cZ k^ZcYgV^i | a¼^Y Z YZ eZghdccZ Y¼ZmedhZg YZh dgcZbZcih a^ijg" \^fjZh Yj MK>>Z h^ XaZ hVch hZ eg dXXjeZg YZ aV ajb^ gZ c XZhhV^gZ | aV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg YZ XZh dW_Zih! bV^h Vjhh^ Vjm g \aZh YZ aZjg WdccZ XdchZgkVi^dc# BV^h a¼Vgi YZ aV eg hZciVi^dc Zhi Vjhh^ hVch YdjiZ jcZ hX^ZcXZ Zi YZ iZbeh Zc iZbeh YZh gZb^hZh Zc XVjhZ VeeVgV^hhZci# EVg a¼VheZXi ® hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ¯ | cdjkZVj! aZh eg hZciVi^dch eZjkZci igZ X]Vc" \ Zh dj kdaj Zh Zi X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ jcZ WdccZ X]dhZ# BV^h a| ZcXdgZ dc Zhi Xdc[gdci | YZh X]d^m fj^ hZ igVYj^hZci cVijgZaaZbZci eVg YZh X]d^m WjY\ iV^gZh# FjVig^ bZ ed^ci! Zi edjg cZ eVh igZ eajh adc\! _Z kdjYgV^h iZgb^" cZg hjg aZh cdjkZaaZh iZX]cdad\^Zh eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ k^" YZbbZci jc Veedgi hjWhiVci^Za YZh hX^ZcXZh Vj_djgY¼]j^ | aV ® bdch" igVi^dc ¯ YZh XdaaZXi^dch Vj ejWa^X Zi XZ! Y¼jcZ YdjWaZ bVc^ gZ# 9¼VWdgY aZh XdaaZXi^dch YZh bjh Zh eZjkZci! \g}XZ Vjm cdjkZaaZh iZX]cdad\^Zh! igZ Y^[[jh Zh hjg aV id^aZ! hjg aZ LZW | a¼ZchZbWaZ Yj bdcYZ YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ# 8¼Zhi [VciVhi^fjZ fjZ kdjh! egd[Zhh^dc" cZah! ej^hh^Zo Vkd^g VXX h | YZh X]dhZh fj^ hZ igdjkZci | 8]^XV\d! | CZl Ndg`! | AdcYgZh dj V^aaZjgh# Cdjh Vkdch idjh YVch cdh XdaaZXi^dch YZh dW_Zih fj^ hdci Y¼jcZ VjigZ egdkZcVcXZ \ d\gVe]^fjZ# ² a¼^ckZghZ! YZh e^ XZh egdkZcVci YZ kdigZ iZgg^id^gZ hdci YVch Y¼VjigZh bjh Zh YVch aZ bdcYZ# Cdjh Vkdch | BZio jcZ g^X]Z XdaaZXi^dc YZ a^kgZh VcX^Zch# G XZbbZci! dc V b^h Zc hX cZ jc bVcjhXg^i YZ bjh^fjZ# FjVcY _¼V^ YZbVcY / ® CW_i e [ij ZedY Y[ \Wc[kn cWdkiYh_j 5 ¯! dc b¼V g edcYj / ® ?b [ij } BedZh[i$ ¯ 8ZgiZh! X¼Zhi W^Zc edjg BZio Y¼ igZ i^fjZi | Adc" YgZh# BV^h ^a hZgV^i Wdc Vjhh^ edjg aZh BZhh^ch YZ hVkd^g fj¼| AdcYgZh ^a n V XZ bVcjhXg^i egdkZcVci YZ BZio# EVgXZ fjZ XZ [VbZjm bVcjhXg^i Yj ® Idjgcd^ YZ 8]VjkZcXn ¯ fjZ _¼ kdfjZ Zi fjZ a¼dc V gZb^h Zc hX cZ! Zhi Zc [V^i ^\cdg YZ aV eajeVgi YZh BZhh^ch fj^ k^h^iZci aZh XdaaZXi^dch .)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

YZh bVcjhXg^ih VcX^Zch# ?Z eZchZ YdcX fjZ! \g}XZ | a¼^c[dgbVi^fjZ! a¼dc V ^X^ aV edhh^W^a^i cdc hZjaZbZci Y¼ZmeVig^Zg cdh XdaaZXi^dch kZgh aZ bdcYZ bV^h Vjhh^ Y¼^ci \gZg aZh e^ XZh Y¼jc iZgg^id^gZ Y^heZgh Zh YVch Y¼VjigZh XdaaZXi^dch | igVkZgh aZ bdcYZ YVch aZ bjh Z YZ hdc iZgg^id^gZ Y¼dg^\^cZ# 8¼Zhi jc [dgb^YVWaZ bdnZc YZ kVadg^hZg aZ eVig^bd^cZ adXVa# 6kZX fjZafjZh e]didh Y¼jc bVcjhXg^i VcX^Zc Ydci idjh aZh XdchZgkV" iZjgh hZgV^Zci W^Zc Y¼VXXdgY fj¼^a cZ [VjYgV^i eVh aZ Y edhZg hjg jcZ iVWaZ edjg fjZ X]VXjc Vj Yd^\i bdj^aa [Zj^aaZiiZ aZh eV\Zh ! a¼^c[dg" bVi^fjZ kdjh eZgbZi YZ eg hZciZg jc kdajbZ YVch jcZ k^ig^cZ Zi YZ edjkd^g [Zj^aaZiZg aZh eV\Zh \g}XZ | jc XgVc iVXi^aZ ^c[dgbVi^fjZ# :i ej^h _Z kdjh hdjbZih jcZ ^Y Z eZghdccZaaZ fj^ b¼Zhi kZcjZ Zc g Å " X]^hhVci | XZiiZ fjZhi^dc YVch aZ bjh Z YZ BZio fj^ Zhi aVWng^ci]^fjZ Zi YVch aZfjZa dc hZ eZgY eajh fj¼dc cZ h¼n gZigdjkZ# 6j_djgY¼]j^! dc V^bZ fjZ aZh XdaaZXi^dch hd^Zci eg hZci Zh eVg i] bZh# ?Z eZchZ fjZ hVch [V^gZ Wdj\Zg aZh dW_Zih! a¼^c[dgbVi^fjZ eZgbZi YZ X]Vc\Zg aZ hZch YZh k^h^iZh# ?Z eg Xdc^hZ fjZ YZh XgVch egZccZci aV eaVXZ YZh Å X]Zh Y¼dg^ZciVi^dc# Dc edjggV^i! \g}XZ | XZ egdX Y ! X]d^h^g jc eVgXdjgh X]gdcdad\^fjZ XaVhh^fjZ dj jc eVgXdjgh i] bVi^fjZ# Kdjh edjgg^Zo X]d^h^g aZ eVgXdjgh fj^ kdjh ^ci gZhhZ# AZ XdchZgkViZjg! aj^"b bZ! edjggV^i! edjg gZcdjkZaZg a¼^ci g i YZ hZh XdaaZXi^dch Zi hVch X]Vc\Zg YZ eaVXZ aZh dW_Zih! Xg Zg YZh eVgXdjgh Vjidjg YZ iZa dj iZa i] bZ dj YZ iZaaZ ^Y Z# 8Zh eVgXdjgh edjggV^Zci igZ X]Vc\ZVcih! a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZh dW_Zih edjggV^i igZ X]Vc\ Z Vj \g YZ oddbh fjZ eZgbZiigV^Zci YZh XVgiZah ^c[dgbVi^fjZh kVg^Vci hZadc aZ i] bZ YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc# ?Z bZ hj^h Zcfj^h Vjeg h YZ aV XdchZgkVig^XZ YZh bjh Zh YZ hVkd^g h^ XZaV h¼ iV^i [V^i fjZafjZ eVgi# >a hZbWaZgV^i fjZ cdc# ?Z aVcXZ XZiiZ ^Y Z Vj XdaadfjZ# 8Z eZji igZ jc Veedgi YZ aV hX^ZcXZ ^c[dgbVi^fjZ fj^ edjg" gV^i [V^gZ Wdj\Zg aZh X]dhZh YVch aZh bjh Zh h^ hdjkZci ^bbjVWaZh# :c iVci fj¼ aj! Zi _¼Zc iZgb^cZgV^ a|! XZ fj^ cdjh ^ci gZhhZ X¼Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci fjZ a¼Vg\Zci ejWa^X hd^i Zbeadn edjg aZ W^Zc Zi aZ Wdc" ]Zjg YZ idjh# >a [Vji YdcX [V^gZ kdajZg XZiiZ [VbZjhZ hiVi^hi^fjZ fjZ kdjh VkZo X^i Z Vj Y Wji YZ kdigZ egdedh _Z Xgd^h! Zi fj^ Zhi fjZ ,, YZh ;gVc V^h cZ hdci _VbV^h Zcig h YVch jc bjh Z# 8¼Zhi jc X]^[[gZ iZgg^" WaZ fj^ ^ciZggd\Z idji Y X^YZjg eda^i^fjZ# :cÄc! edjg Vkd^g eVga YZ aV hjeg bVi^Z YZ aV hX^ZcXZ YZh bjh Zh Zc gV^hdc YZh fj^eZh hX^Zci^" ÄfjZh eVg gVeedgi Vjm Y X^YZjgh! _Z bZ eZgbZiigV^ YZ kdjh [V^gZ eVgi Y¼jcZ YZgc^ gZ g ÅZm^dc# 8¼Zhi aZ gVeedgi Vj iZbeh# 8dbbZ _Z aZ Y^h hdjkZci! YZ bVc^ gZ fjZafjZ eZj egdkdXVciZ! aZ iZbeh Yj XdchZgkV" iZjg c¼Zhi eVh XZaj^ YZ a¼ aj# A¼ aj kZji VaaZg k^iZ! dc kZji kd^g g Va^hZg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh YVch aZ iZbeh Yj bVcYVi aZXi^[# Dc hdj" ]V^iZ fjZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc | aVfjZaaZ dc eZchZ Zi fj¼dc Veej^Z! eVgXZ fjZ /+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

aZ XdchZgkViZjg V Zj jcZ ^Y Z VWhdajbZci \ c^VaZ! hZ [VhhZ eaji i hdjh a¼VXijZa bVcYVi eaji i fjZ YVch aZh YZjm bVcYVih egdX]V^ch! d a¼dc cZ hZgV eZji" igZ eajh° 8¼Zhi jcZ ^aajhigVi^dc fjZ aZ iZbeh Yj XdchZg" kViZjg c¼Zhi eVh XZaj^ YZ a¼ aj# 8¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ edjgfjd^ ÄcVaZbZci aZh ajh dci hdjkZci eg^h aZ eVgi^ YZ kdjh [V^gZ XdcÄVcXZ Zi YZ kdjh aV^hhZg [V^gZ Zc n bZiiVci aZh bdnZch! bV^h Zc hdj]V^iVci fjZ XZaV V^aaZ k^iZ# BZgX^ YZ kdigZ XdjiZ#

.+

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ c &

>\dg 7VWdj ?Z kdjaV^h aVcXZg jcZ e^hiZ fjZ ?d aaZ V VWdgY Z bV^h fj¼ZaaZ c¼V eVh [dgX " bZci Y kZadee Z cdgb bZci / aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV XdcÄVcXZ# ?Z hV^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc fj^ Zhi [dcYVbZciVaZ edjg id^! YVch idc igVkV^a VXijZaaZbZci# AV XdcÄVcXZ YZh ejWa^Xh Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg! aV XdcÄVcXZ YZh ejWa^Xh [VXZ | aV hX^ZcXZ Zi a¼^begZhh^dc \ c gVaZ Y¼jc Y^hXdjgh aVcX^cVci YZej^h YZh Vcc Zh! d a¼dc Y^i ® b[i fkXb_Yi dÊedj fbki YedÓWdY[ [d bW iY_[dY[ ¯! XZiiZ Zhe XZ YZ Y^hXdjgh g] id" g^fjZ fj^ gZk^Zci ig h g \ja^ gZbZci! YVch fjZaaZ higViZ YZ aV hdX^ i dc a¼Zc" iZcY 4 Dc V g XZbbZci i Vj XdaadfjZ ® hX^ZcXZh Zi bjiVi^dch YZh hdX^ i h ¯ Vj 8cgh d XZiiZ fjZhi^dc"a| V i igV^i Z# >a V i Zmig bZbZci Y^[ÄX^aZ YZ [V^gZ ZciZcYgZ | jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ eZghdccZh fj^ iV^Zci a|! Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg Vjm Y X^YZjgh Yj 8cgh! YZh gZhedchVWaZh! fjZ aZ ejWa^X c¼Zhi eVh [dgX bZci Y ÄVci ZckZgh aZh hX^ZcXZh! fj¼^a c¼Zhi eVh [dgX bZci jc VYZeiZ YZ aV Xg^i^fjZ edjg aV Xg^i^fjZ bV^h fjZ X¼Zhi ÄcVaZbZci · X¼Zhi XZ fj^ VeeVgV^hhV^i Zc idji XVh YVch aZh Zcfj iZh fjZ eg hZciV^i 9Vc^Za 7dn! hdX^dad\jZ fj^ igVkV^aaZ hjg XZh fjZhi^dch"a| · fjZ X¼Zhi ÄcVaZbZci aV higViZ YZh bVcV\Zgh YZ aV gZX]Zg" X]Z fj^ edhV^i aV fjZhi^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci YZ aV Y ÄVcXZ Yj ejWa^X ZckZgh aZh hX^ZcXZh bV^h fjZ XZiiZ Y ÄVcXZ c¼ iV^i eVgiV\ Z c^ eVg aZ ejWa^X c^ eVg aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh YZ WVhZ# ?Z kdjaV^h YdcX hVkd^g h^! Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ Yj bjh Z! dc VkV^i XZ b bZ ineZ YZ gV^hdccZbZci! XZ b bZ ineZ YZ _Zj VbW^\j hjg aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV Y ÄVcXZ! YZ aV XdcÄVcXZ! XdbbZci XZaV Zhi ji^a^h YVch aZh Vg\jbZciVi^dch edjg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ hX^ZcXZ Zi hdX^ i 4 ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX vV b¼VggVc\Z fjZ ij edhZh XZiiZ fjZhi^dc eVgXZ fjZ _Z c¼V^ eVh WZVjXdje Y kZadee ! bV^h V bZ i^Zci WZVjXdje | X¶jg! V [V^i eVgi^Z YZh \ZcgZh YZ g hjaiVih fjZ _¼V^ kgV^bZci Zck^Z YZ Y^[[jhZg# 8¼Zhi [gVeeVci / _Z igdjkZ fj¼^a n V jcZ _dcXi^dc# 9^gZ bjh Z YZ hX^ZcXZ [V^i eZchZg | jcZ Zhe XZ YZ YdjWaZ VhXZcYVcXZ ^chi^iji^dccZaaZ / aZ bjh Z Zhi jcZ ^chi^iji^dc! aV hX^ZcXZ Vjhh^# Dg X¼Zhi YVch XZh bjh Zh"a| fj¼dc V a¼^begZhh^dc fjVcY b bZ fjZ aZ bdY aZ ^chi^iji^dccZa h¼Z[[VXZ aZ eajh Vj egdÄi Y¼jcZ bdci Z YZ bdY aZh b Y^Vi^fjZh ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci# ?¼V^ i [gVee Z adgh YZ XZ XdaadfjZ ® hX^ZcXZh Zi hdX^ i h ¯ YZ a¼Zcfj iZ YZ 9Vc^Za 7dn Vjeg h YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh Yj 8cgh fj^ bdcigV^i fjZ aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh iV^Zci idji | [V^i Zc e]VhZ VkZX aV edejaVi^dc hjg aZh Vii^ijYZh /-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

| a¼ \VgY YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! d ÄcVaZbZci aZh X]ZgX]Zjgh g V\^hhZci ZmVXiZbZci XdbbZ aV [gVXi^dc Xjai^k Z YZ aV edejaVi^dc VkZX jcZ \gVcYZ W^ZckZ^aaVcXZ | a¼ \VgY YZh XgV^ciZh! eVgXZ fj¼^ah aZh eVgiV\Zci Xdbea iZbZci Zjm"b bZh! Zi jcZ VWhZcXZ YZ hZci^bZci YZ Xg^hZ# :i eVg XdcigZ! 9Vc^Za 7dn eZchZ fjZ X¼ iV^i YVch aV higViZ eaji i YZh Y^gZXiZjgh"bVcV\Zgh fj¼dc igdjkZ jcZ eZjg YZ eZg" YgZ a¼VY] h^dc Yj ejWa^X! jcZ eZjg YZ aV Y ÄVcXZ Yj ejWa^X# GZhiZ | kd^g h^ dc eZji kd^g XZh g hjaiVih"a| [dcXi^dccZg Vj bjh Z# 9Zh ijY^Vcih YZ bVhiZg dci gZcXdcig aZh eZghdccZh fj^ VkV^Zci eVgi^" X^e | a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® ;gdci^ gZh ¯! Zi XZgiV^ch Y¼ZcigZ Zjm VkV^Zci Y^i / ® 9[ gk_ jW_j X_[d" b} e ed iÊ[ij _cfb_gk " YÊ jW_[dj b[i f^ejei h[fehj [i ZWdi Y[jj[ [nfe fWhY[ gk[ YÊ jW_j kd cki [$ ;d \W_j W deki Y^Wd][ Z[i c Z_Wi" ed o lW fbki [d YedÓWdY[$ ¯ 9dcX a| dc VkV^i aV igVXZ fjZ XZ gVeedgi [dcXi^dccZ Vjhh^ edjg YZh ^ciZgkZ" cVcih fj^ h¼Zc\V\Zci Vj bjh Z# Dc V a¼^cY^XZ fjZ gZhiZ jcZ hnb ig^Z! d ÄcV" aZbZci ^a c¼n V eVh aV XdjejgZ ejWa^X"\Zch YZ bjh Z! d kdjh VkZo jcZ gZaVi^kZ Xdc\gjZcXZ YVch aZh edh^i^dch! | aV [d^h YVch a¼^begZhh^dc fjZ X¼Zhi Y^[[ gZci! fj¼dc eZji n VaaZg aZh nZjm [Zgb h! fjZ XZ hZgV eajh Xdda edjg igVkV^aaZg fjZ YZ igVkV^aaZg VkZX aZh b Y^Vh ZiX# :i | a¼^ckZghZ! VkZX Vjhh^ aZ hZci^bZci fjZ aZh egZhh^dch h¼VXXZcijZci YZ idjiZ eVgi# BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^ Edjg Xdci^cjZg hjg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc! ^a [VjYgV^i aV edhZg Vjhh^ Vjm egd[Zh" h^dccZah Yj bjh Z YVch aZjg gZaVi^dc Vjm eda^i^fjZh# ?ZVc K^VgY! XZ bVi^c! V eVga YZh XdcigZ"XdcigZ"edjkd^gh# Bd^ _¼V^ hj^k^ jc eZj a¼Zmedh^i^dc hjg aZh cVcdiZX]cdad\^Zh Vj 8ZcigZ YZ XjaijgZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZ <gZcdWaZ# Dc V ZhhVn YZ idjX]Zg Vj eajh eg h aZh g VXi^dch YZh k^h^iZjgh Zi dc h¼Zhi VeZg j Zc [V^i fjZ <gZcdWaZ Zhi XdccjZ XdbbZ iVci jcZ k^aaZ d ^a n V jcZ deedh^i^dc Vjm cVcdiZX]cdad\^Zh! bV^h YVch aZh egZb^Zgh g hjaiVih fj¼dc V a|! _Z hj^h Xdb" ea iZbZci idcc Z YZ kd^g fjZ aZh \Zch dci eaji i jcZ VeegdX]Z · XZ cZ hdci fjZ aZh \Zch fj^ hdci kZcjh kd^g a¼Zmedh^i^dc! dc Zhi W^Zc Y¼VXXdgY · bV^h fjZ aZh \Zch dci jcZ VeegdX]Z eaji i ig h edh^i^kZ Zc iZgbZ YZ egd\g h! YZ egd" \g h hdX^Va! YZ egd\g h Xdcdb^fjZ Zi YZ hVci k^h"|"k^h YZ XZ hj_Zi# ?Z bZ hdj" k^Zch Vjhh^ Y¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc Y¼]^hid^gZ fj^ VkV^i edh egdWa bZ eVgXZ fj¼^a n VkV^i jc hj_Zi fj^ iV^i jc eZj Y^[ÄX^aZ hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# ?Z kdjaV^h hVkd^g! fjVcY kdjh egdedhZo kdh fj^eZh! fjVcY kdjh egdedhZo YZh Zmedh^i^dch fj^ gZcigZci YVch YZh Y WVih jc eZj X]VjYh! jc eZj Y^[ÄX^aZh YVch aV hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ kdjh [V^iZh! Zhi"XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo XdchX^ZcXZ Y¼ igZ YVch Yj XdcigZ"XdcigZ"edjkd^g edhh^WaZ! Zhi"XZ fjZ kdjh kdjh a¼^ciZgY^hZo! Zi XdbbZci V hZ _djZ VkZX aZh eda^i^fjZh 4

.-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

B^X]Za 8 i ?Z c¼VWdgYZgV^ eVh aV fjZhi^dc jc^fjZbZci ® eVg aZh eda^i^fjZh ¯# AZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa Yj G] cZ! fj^ VhhjgZ cdigZ ijiZaaZ! cdjh [V^i jcZ idiVaZ XdcÄVcXZ# Cdjh cZ egdedhdch eVh Vjm eda^i^fjZh / cdjh [V^hdch# Cdjh aZh ^c[dgbdch! bV^h cdjh cZ Y^hXjidch eVh YZ cdigZ egd\gVbbVi^dc VkZX Zjm# >ah dci VXXZei jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa \adWVa! ^ah a¼dci X]d^h^ edjg YZh gV^hdch Xjaij" gZaaZh! edjg YZh gV^hdch Xdcdb^fjZh Zi edjg YZh gV^hdch hdX^VaZh# 8¼Zhi aZ Y eVgiZbZci Yj G] cZ fj^ cdjh Veej^Z Zi fj^ V jcZ kdXVi^dc [dcYVbZciV" aZbZci hdX^VaZ# Edjg aZ Y eVgiZbZci! aZ bjh Z Zhi jc ^chigjbZci YZ Xd] h^dc hdX^VaZ / ^a V YdcX [V^i XZ X]d^m eda^i^fjZ XdchX^ZbbZci! kdadciV^gZbZci Zi! Zc b bZ iZbeh! Zc [V^hVci XdcÄVcXZ Vjm \Zch Yj b i^Zg# >a c¼n V YdcX eVh Y¼^c" iZgkZci^dc eda^i^fjZ | XZ c^kZVj"a|# HZ edhZ idji YZ b bZ edjg cdjh aV fjZhi^dc YZ hVkd^g _jhfj¼d dc eZji VaaZg YVch cdigZ VjidXZchjgZ Zi cdigZ fjZhi^dccZbZci# ?jhfj¼d Yd^i"dc VaaZg 4 9d^i"dc [V^gZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch"bVc^[ZhiZh! Zc egZcVci XVgg bZci eVgi^ edjg iZa ed^ci YZ kjZ 4 :hi"XZ fj¼dc Yd^i h^\cZg k g^iVWaZbZci jcZ Zmedh^" i^dc YZ XZ ineZ"a| 4 CZ h¼V\^i"^a eVh eaji i! edjg cdjh! YZ igdjkZg jc fj^a^" WgZ! a^ Y¼V^aaZjgh | aV XdcÄVcXZ! | aV Xg Y^W^a^i ! Vj XVgVXi gZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Yj bjh Z 4 Cdjh cZ cdjh ^ciZgY^hdch eVh YZ igV^iZg YZ hj_Zih Y a^XVih! Y^[ÄX^aZh 0 bV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci edjg cdjh jcZ dXXVh^dc YZ egZcYgZ eVgi^# AZ Wji Zhi Y¼ZmedhZg aV egdWa bVi^fjZ VkZX jc XZgiV^c gZXja! VkZX jcZ XZg" iV^cZ Y^hiVcX^Vi^dc! WZVjXdje eajh fj¼Zc VYdeiVci jc eVgi^ eg^h# HVj[! W^Zc h g! adghfj¼dc igV^iZ jc hj_Zi XdbbZ ® C^ kj c^ Xdccj ¯! jcZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ igV^iV^i YZ aV k^h^W^a^i YVch aV hdX^ i YZ a¼^ck^h^W^a^i # Idji iV^i eVgi^ Yj Y^h" Xdjgh Y¼jc Cd^g [gVc V^h fj^ Y^hV^i / ® Ced fheXb c[" ZWdi bW l_[" YÊ[ij cW f[Wk 0 `[ ik_i jhef l_i_Xb[ 1 cW_i `[ ik_i _dl_i_Xb[ ZWdi bW ieY_ j " fk_igkÊed d[ cÊo le_j dkbb[ fWhj$ ¯ Dc h¼ iV^i YdcX ^ciZggd\ hjg XZiiZ eVgi YZ eg^k Zi YZ ejWa^X# :i! W^Zc h g! dc eVgaV^i YZ idji aZ e] cdb cZ YZ XVbdjÅV\Z! YZ a¼^Y Z YZ a¼^cÄaigVi^dc! dc Y cdc V^i YVch a¼Zmedh^i^dc · ej^hfjZ X¼ iV^i [VXijZa · YZh b^hh^dch YZ i a g Va^i ! dc Y cdc V^i aZ XVgVXi gZ ® eZdeaZ ¯ YZh \gVcYh b Y^Vh ej^hfj¼dc VkV^i V[ÄX] idjh aZh FWh_i CWjY^ YZej^h jcZ Y^oV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh! VaaVci YZ B^i" iZggVcY VkZX hV ÄaaZ | ?dhe^c VkZX hV [ZbbZ! ej^h C^XdaVh HVg`don Zi 8 X^a^V# Cdjh edjk^dch Y [ZcYgZ fj¼^a n VkV^i jcZ ® eZdeaZ^hVi^dc ¯ YZ aV eda^i^fjZ eVgXZ fjZ cdjh Vk^dch aZh Vg\jbZcih hX^Zci^ÄfjZh edjg hdjiZc^g cdigZ egd" edh / _Z cZ Xdch^Y gZ YdcX eVh V XdbbZ jc k g^iVWaZ bVc^[ZhiZ# >a [Vji fjVcY b bZ \VgYZg jcZ XZgiV^cZ Y^hiVcX^Vi^dc# AV hZjaZ VjidXZchjgZ fj¼dc egVi^" fjZ! X¼Zhi YZ hVkd^g h^ XZ fj¼dc gVXdciZ Zhi aV WdccZ X]dhZ! aV X]dhZ kgV^Z! fjZ a¼dc eZji _jhi^ÄZg#

//

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

8aV^gZ H^bVgY 6adgh Vj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc! b bZ h^ aZ bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc Zhi jc bjh Z Y¼wiVi! Xg eVg jcZ ad^ YZ \djkZgcZbZci Yj Fj WZX! aZ \djkZg" cZbZci ^ciZgk^Zci YVch aV [dgbVi^dc Yj XdchZ^a Y¼VYb^c^higVi^dc Yj bjh Z# BV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ XdchZ^a Y¼VYb^c^higVi^dc Yj bjh Z fj^ VeegdjkZ aV egd" \gVbbVi^dc Yj bjh Z# >ah Zc hdci ^c[dgb h# AV egd\gVbbVi^dc Yj bjh Z! idjh aZh i] bZh fjZ a¼dc Y X^YZ Y¼^chXg^gZ YVch cdigZ egd\gVbbVi^dc Y¼Zm" edh^i^dc dj Y¼VXi^k^i h XjaijgZaaZh dj YjXVi^kZh! gZa kZ YZ aV Y^gZXi^dc \ c " gVaZ# 9dcX ^a c¼n V VjXjcZ ^ciZgkZci^dc# EVg V^aaZjgh! dc V Y kZadee jcZ h g^Z eVgXZ fj¼dc [V^i WZVjXdje YZ igV^iZbZci eajg^Za YZ cdh Y^[[ gZcih i] bZh Zi dc V YZej^h fjZafjZh Vcc Zh jcZ h g^Z fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ ® eVgi^X^eZ eg hZci ¯ d idjh aZh bd^h dc Y^hXjiZ Y¼jc Zc_Zj! jc Zc_Zj fj^ eZji igZ eda^i^fjZ! fj^ eZji igZ Xdcdb^fjZ! YZ Y^[[ gZciZ cVijgZ Zi dc h¼Zhi YZbVcY | XZ bdbZci"a|! ej^hfj¼^a n VkV^i YZh hj_Zih ig h X]VjYh! h^ dc gZXZkgV^i | jc bdbZci dj a¼VjigZ jc VeeZa cdjh Y^hVci fjZ a| dc ^gV^i igde ad^c# Dc c¼V Zj VjXjcZ g VXi^dc YZ XZ X i "a|# BV^h eVg V^aaZjgh! XZ fj^ Zhi ^bedgiVci! X¼Zhi XdbbZci aZh i] bZh hdci X]d^h^h! XdbbZci aZh eVgi^X^eVcih hdci X]d^h^h Zi dc Zhi Veejn eVg jc Xdb^i VkZX YZh \Zch YZ a¼Zmi g^Zjg Zi Yj bjh Z! edjg Y iZgb^cZg YZ fjZaaZ fjZhi^dc | X]VfjZ bd^h cdjh Vaadch Y WViigZ Zi fjZah hj_Zih Y¼VXijVa^i b g^iZgV^Zci fj¼| aV [d^h aZh \Zch ej^hhZci hZ egdcdcXZg hjg XZ hj_Zi"a|# EVgXZ fj¼dc ji^a^hZ WZVjXdje aV [dgbZ ^ciZgVXi^kZ! d W^Zc h g aZh \Zch hdci Zc XdciVXi VkZX YZh he X^Va^hiZh YZ XZh fjZhi^dch! YZh eZghdccZh fj^ dci jc ed^ci YZ kjZ edjg dj XdcigZ! YdcX aZh \Zch ^ciZgk^ZccZci cdgb bZci# 9Vch XZ hZch"a|! aZ bjh Z V jcZ \gVcYZ Vjidcdb^Z Zi dc c¼V eVh Y¼^ciZgkZci^dc Yj c^kZVj eda^i^fjZ! YZ aV eVgi eVg ZmZbeaZ Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ! cdigZ b^c^hi gZ YZ ijiZaaZ# EVig^X` I]^a ?jhiZ jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ YZ a¼VjigZ X i ! h^ kdjh eZgbZiiZo# ?Z bZ gVaa^ZgV^ kdadci^Zgh Vj [V^i fj¼^a c¼n V eVh Y¼^ciZgkZci^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ hjg aZ X]d^m YZh Zmedh^i^dch# :c gZkVcX]Z! _Z Xgd^h Vjhh^ fj¼^a [Vji fj^a^WgZg aZh Zmedh^i^dch# ?¼VkV^h jcZ XdchZgkVig^XZ fj^ VkV^i jc eZj igde iZcYVcXZ | egdedhZg YZh Zmed" h^i^dch hjg aZh ]^hid^gZh YZ [gdci^ gZh! YZ \jZggZ! ZcigZ a¼6aaZbV\cZ Zi aV ;gVcXZ eVgXZ fjZ a¼dc iV^i | BZio bV^h fj¼ZaaZ c¼ iV^i eVh YZ BZio# FjVcY dc Zhi | aV igd^h^ bZ dj | aV fjVig^ bZ Zmedh^i^dc YZ XZ ineZ! | jc bdbZci Ydcc ! _Z bZ hj^h eZgb^h YZ aj^ Y^gZ / ® wW ik\Ój$ ¯ ?Z aZ Y^h [gVcX]ZbZci! c¼djWa^dch _VbV^h fj¼^a n V YZh ÄcVcXZbZcih ejWa^Xh Zi fjZ hZ edhZ aV fjZhi^dc Yj ejWa^X# JcZ Zmedh^i^dc edjg fjZa ejWa^X 4 IZaaZ Yd^i igZ a¼^caVhhVWaZ fjZhi^dc# 9Vch aZ Y WVi aj$XdchZgkViZjg! _Z Xgd^h edjkd^g Y^gZ fj¼^a n V jcZ g \aZ / eajh a¼ aj Zhi aj Y¼jcZ Zci^i aVg\Z! eajh aZ X]Vbe YZ aV a^WZgi Zhi [dgiZ edjg XZaj^ fj^ Zhi | aV Y^gZXi^dc YZ aV XdchZgkVi^dc# Jc aj adXVa Y¼jc bjh Z adXVa VjgV h gZbZci iZcYVcXZ | h¼n ^ci gZhhZg YVkVciV\Z fjZ a¼ aj g \^dcVa Zi | [dgi^dg^ edjg aZ &%%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

c^kZVj cVi^dcVa dj Zjgde Zc# :c gZkVcX]Z! _Z kV^h kdjh X^iZg jc XdcigZ"ZmZb" eaZ / cdjh Vkdch jcZ g Va^i ! cdjh Y kZadeedch WZVjXdje | BZio aV ® igVch" [gdciVa^ g^i ¯ XdbbZ dc Y^i | BZio! X¼Zhi jc ig h k^aV^c bdi fj^ kZji Y^gZ fj¼Zc iVci | X^cfjVciZ `^adb igZh Yj AjmZbWdjg\ Zi | X^cfjVciZ `^adb " igZh YZ a¼6aaZbV\cZ! aZh eda^i^fjZh dci ^chi^ij hdjh a¼^bejah^dc Yj bV^gZ YZ BZio XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ ® aZ FjViigdedaZ ¯ fj^ Zhi aV g jc^dc YZh k^aaZh YZ BZio! YZ AjmZbWdjg\! YZ Ig kZh Zi YZ HVggZWgjX`# 6j hZ^c YZ XZiiZ Zci^i ! cdjh Y kZadeedch jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼VmZh XjaijgZah VkZX YZh ÄcVcXZbZcih fj^ hdci b^h Zc Xdbbjc# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼^a n V jc WjY\Zi edjg XZiiZ Zci^i FjVi" igdedaZ# 8Z c¼Zhi YdcX eVh hZjaZbZci XjaijgZa! X¼Zhi \VaZbZci Xdcdb^fjZ# AV k^aaZ YZ Ig kZh kdjaV^i VWhdajbZci VkZX aV k^aaZ YZ HVggZWgjX` kdfjZg aZjgh g \^dch | a¼ edfjZ YZ CVeda dc# >ah dci WVei^h XZiiZ Zmedh^i^dc ® JcYZg YZg Ig^Xdadg ¯ X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ hdjh aZ YgVeZVj ig^XdadgZ# :i ^ah dci YZbVcY jc ÄcVcXZbZci FjViigdedaZ Zc Y^hVci ® Y[jj[ [nfei_j_ed fekhhW Wbb[h Wk Bkn[c# Xekh] [j fk_i [bb[ Z[lhW Wbb[h } C[jp ¯# 8¼ iV^i Zc [V^i jc i] bZ ^bedh # Bd^ _¼V^ Y^i Vj bV^gZ YZ BZio / ® xYekj[p" W d[ c[ fWii_edd[ fWi [j Y[bW dÊW fWi Z[ i[di fekh kd BehhW_d ZÊWle_h kd[ [nfei_j_ed ikh bÊ7bb[cW]d[ Wk j[cfi Z[ DWfeb ed$ ¯ Dg! aZ XdchZgkViZjg iV^i dWa^\ YZ [V^gZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ hjg XZ i] bZ ^bedh # 8dbbZ aZh BZhh^ch iV^Zci Xdbea iZbZci Y h^ci gZhh h edjg hVkd^g XZ fj^ hZ eVhhV^i Yj X i YZ aV HVggZ | a¼ edfjZ YZ CVeda dc! ^a V [Vaaj Zc [V^gZ jcZ igVYjXi^dc ig h bZhh^cd"bZhh^cZ# Dc V eg^h aZ eVgi^ Y¼ kdfjZg cdigZ g \^dc | a¼ edfjZ YZ CVeda dc# 9Z XZ [V^i! a¼Zmedh^i^dc cZ edjkV^i eajh igZ jcZ Zmed" h^i^dc ^i^c gVciZ# AZ XdcXZei iV^i | X]VfjZ [d^h g ^ckZci # 8¼Zhi XZ \ZcgZ YZ X]dhZh fj^ Zhi ^bedh # :i _Z eZchZ fjZ fjVcY cdigZ eVnh [V^i eVg ZmZbeaZ jcZ Vcc Z XjaijgZaaZ Yj BVgdX! YZ aV Ijc^h^Z! Yj ?Vedc! X¼Zhi jc eZj aV b bZ X]dhZ# Jc bdbZci Ydcc ! kdjh VaaZo Vkd^g XZh \gVcYZh Zmedh^i^dch | EVg^h!

Zmedh^i^dch cVi^dcVaZh! fj^ kdci X a WgZg a¼Vcc Z YZ iZa eVnh# BV^h XZaV Zhi W^Zc Y iZgb^c eVg aZh \djkZgcZbZcih Zi Zc VXXdgY VkZX Zjm# :chj^iZ! X¼Zhi idji aZ X]Vbe YZ a¼^ckZci^dc Yj Xdbb^hhV^gZ \ c gVa fj^ Zhi Y h^\c edjg aV g Va^hVi^dc# ² eVgi XZ \ZcgZ YZ gVeedgi Y^eadbVi^fjZ! _Z cZ eZchZ eVh fj¼^a n V^i iVci YZ Ä\jgZh ^bedh Zh Zc bVi^ gZ Y¼Zmedh^i^dc# <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg Jc eZi^i bdi | a¼VYgZhhZ YZ B# I]^a# 8¼Zhi ig h W^Zc! kdigZ ^Y Z Yj bjh Z k^gijZa! YZh dW_Zih YZ XdaaZXi^dch Y^kZghZh | a¼ igVc\Zg Zi X]Zo hd^! bV^h _Z kdj" YgV^h kdjh gVeeZaZg fjZ aZh Ygd^ih YZ gZegdYjXi^dc Y^\^iVaZ YZh ¶jkgZh YZ WZVjXdje YZ bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ VeeVgi^ZccZci Y _| | 7^aa <ViZh! YdcX aZ igV_Zi ^bV\^cV^gZ | igVkZgh YZh dW_Zih k^gijZah hjg aZ LZW! V kV Xd iZg# ² a¼VYgZhhZ YZ a¼ aj Zi YZh VjigZh ajh! cZ kZcYZo eVh aZh Ygd^ih YZ gZegdYjXi^dc Y^\^iVaZ YZh ¶jkgZh YZ kdh bjh Zh | 7^aa <ViZh#

'&'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

?Z kdjaV^h Vii^gZg a¼ViiZci^dc hjg jcZ VjigZ X]dhZ# 8Zi Veg h"b^Y^! _Z bZ hj^h Y^i / ® CW_i Wbehi bW iY_[dY[" bW iY_[dY[" bW iY_[dY[" W i_]d_Ó[ jek`ekhi Wkjh[ Y^ei[ ik_lWdj bÊ_dj[hl[dj_ed Z[i Yebb ]k[i } bW jWXb[ hedZ[ ¯ Zi _¼V^ ZhhVn Y¼Zc [V^gZ jc ig^# EgZb^ gZ VeegdX]Z / aV hX^ZcXZ hj_Zi! YdcX aV hX^ZcXZ cVijgZaaZ XdbbZ jc hj_Zi Y¼Zmedh^i^dc Zi YZ g ÅZm^dc! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ · Zi XZ c¼Zhi eVh ZcXdgZ edjg" hj^k^ _jhfj¼Vj Wdji · fjZhi^dccZg a¼^bV\^cV^gZ Zi aZh ^bV\Zh Zmea^XVig^XZh YZh hX^ZcXZh cVijgZaaZh | igVkZgh aZjg fjVa^i Y¼^bV\Zh [VWg^fj Zh# 8¼Zhi jc egd_Zi YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Y¼V^aaZjgh | 7Zga^c YVch a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼Vgi Zi Vjhh^ Zc 6b g^fjZ! dc hZ hdjX^Z WZVjXdje YZ aV fjVa^i ^bV\Z YZh ^bV\Zh hd^"Y^hVci hX^Zci^ÄfjZh fj^ hdci YZh egdYjXi^dch! YZh XdchigjXi^dch XdbbZ kdjh a¼VkZo Y^i# 8¼Zhi jcZ egZb^ gZ VeegdX]Z Zi V ^cXaji a¼]^hid^gZ Xg^i^fjZ YZh Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Vj bjh Z! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZ XdbbZ aZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ hdci hdjb^h | jcZ Xg^i^fjZ! aV hX^ZcXZ Zi hZh b i]dYZh YZ ig^Zg! YZ XaVhh^ÄZg aZh ¶jkgZh! aZh dW_Zih | jcZ g ÅZm^dc# 8¼Zhi aV egZb^ gZ Veea^XVi^dc Vj bdi hX^ZcXZ# AV YZjm^ bZ VeegdX]Z! | bdc Vk^h! X¼Zhi aV hX^ZcXZ ^chigjbZci# AV hX^ZcXZ ^chigjbZci edjg g eVgZg! eg hZgkZg aZh dW_Zih Y¼Vgi! aV X]^b^Z! aV e]nh^fjZ! aV b XVc^fjZ! aV W^dX]^b^Z! YdcX aV hX^ZcXZ ^chigjbZci YZ igVkV^a YZ bjh Z# AV igd^h^ bZ VeegdX]Z / aV hX^ZcXZ Zc iVci fjZ gZX]ZgX]Z Xg^i^fjZ# A| X¼Zhi aV gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YVch a¼]^hid^gZ YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi YVch a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ a¼Vgi! Yj bjh Z! b bZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch! fj^ [dci eVgi^Z Y¼jcZ gZX]Zg" X]Z# JcZ ]^hid^gZ YZ aV bjh d\gVe]^Z! V [V^i eVgi^Z W^Zc h g Y¼jcZ gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Vj bjh Z! V Vb cZ Vj ed^ci aZ eajh ^ci gZhhVci fjZ _¼V^ gZigdjk YVch eajh^Zjgh ^ciZgkZci^dch# vV ^cXaji a¼]^hid^gZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch! YZ aV bjh d\gVe]^Z eajh aV eg^hZ YZ XdchX^ZcXZ YZ aV gZaVi^k^i Yj kgV^ 0 X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ h^ dc bZi Yj kgV^ Vj kgV^ X¼Zhi jcZ XdchigjXi^dc W^Zc h g# 6adgh egZcYgZ XdchX^ZcXZ Yj [V^i fjZ aZ egdegZ gZ\VgY! X¼Zhi jc X]d^m fj¼dc V [V^i XdbbZ edjg aV gZaZXijgZ YZh XdaaZXi^dch fj^ Zm^hiZci Y _| VkZX jcZ cdjkZaaZ eZgheZX" i^kZ | igVkZgh a¼:jgdeZ# vV X¼Zhi aV fjVig^ bZ Veea^XVi^dc Yj bdi hX^ZcXZ fj^ b¼^ci gZhhZ eZghdccZaaZbZci aZ eajh bV^h aZh igd^h VjigZh hdci ^ci gZhhVciZh# 6jhh^ edjg bZiigZ jc eZi^i eZj Vj ed^ci aZ Y WVi YZ a¼Veg h"b^Y^! dc [ZgV^i eZji" igZ W^Zc YZ ig^Zg jc eZi^i eZj aZh Y^[[ gZciZh Veea^XVi^dch YZ aV cdi^dc YZ hX^ZcXZ# 8¼Zhi jcZ egdedh^i^dc fjZ _Z [V^h Vjm ^ciZgkZcVcih YZ aV iVWaZ gdcYZ# 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z :mXjhZo"bd^ Y¼Vkd^g jc ® Z[[Zi gZiVgY ¯ eVg gVeedgi | aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV eda^i^fjZ# EVgXZ fjZ YVch bV XdjgiZ Zme g^ZcXZ! dc V i Xdc[gdci eajh^Zjgh [d^h WgjiVaZbZci VkZX XZh gVeedgih eda^i^fjZh# AZ egdWa bZ h¼Zhi edh Y¼VWdgY YVch a¼ aVWdgVi^dc Y¼jcZ cdjkZaaZ ]^hidg^d\gVe]^Z YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ eVg aZ Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fj^ V XdbbZcX Zc &...# JcZ YZh [dgbZh aZh eajh WgjiVaZh [ji adgh Yj XdaadfjZ hjg aZh [gdci^ gZh YZ a¼:jgdeZ d dc XdbbZc" &%'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

V^i | YZhh^cZg aZ Xdcidjg YZ XZ fjZ edjggV^i igZ jc eVgXdjgh dj jc hX cV" g^d hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ Y¼jc bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ# :a^Z 7VgcVk^ Y^i | jc bdbZci Ydcc / ® BW =h Y[ } Y[ cec[dj#b} d[ \W_iW_j fWi fWhj_[ Z[ bÊ;khef[" YÊ[ij kd cedZ[ [d ie_ [j [bb[ d[ i[ f[di[ fWi fWhY[ gkÊ[bb[ dÊW fWi YediY_[dY[ ZÊWffWhj[# d_h } bÊ;khef[$ ¯ AZ aZcYZbV^c dj aZ hjgaZcYZbV^c! K^k^VcZ GZY^c\ fj^ iV^i Xdbb^hhV^gZ Zjgde Zc | aV 8jaijgZ! iV^i ^ciZgeZaa Z eVg aV b^c^higZ \gZXfjZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ 0 dc [V^hV^i a¼djkZgijgZ YZ idjh aZh _djgcVjm i a k^h h Zc <g XZ Zi aV hjWkZci^dc fj¼dc Zhe gV^i gZXZkd^g YZ aV Xdbb^hh^dc c¼Zhi _VbV^h Vgg^" k Z eVgXZ fjZ aV eVgdaZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ c¼VkV^i eVh i YVch aZ hZch kdjaj# :i bd^" b bZ _¼V^ gZ j a¼VbWVhhVYZjg YZ <g XZ! ^a n V igd^h dj fjVigZ Vch! fj^ bZ Y^hV^i / ® Ed [ij jekj } \W_j [d \Wl[kh Z[ lejh[ cki [" cW_i \W_j[i Wjj[dj_ed } Y[ gk[ b[ Yec_j iY_[dj_Ógk[ lW fekle_h fheZk_h[ } Y[ ik`[j$ ¯ EVg gVeedgi | V! aV Y bVgX]Z eZji igZ YZ Y^gZ ® YÊ[ij gk[bgk[ Y^ei[ ZÊ_djeb # hWXb[ ¯# BV^h ^a n V Zj idjiZ jcZ Y^hXjhh^dc | a¼^ci g^Zjg Yj Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# 7}i^g jc bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ X¼Zhi Vjhh^ W}i^g jcZ bV^hdc XdbbjcZ d aZh X^idnZch YZ a¼:jgdeZ! aZh X^idnZch YZh k^c\i"hZei eVnh Zi eZji" igZ YZh igZciZ" X^cf dj fjVgVciZ eVnh Yd^kZci edjkd^g eVgiV\Zg fjZafjZ X]dhZ# JcZ ^chi^ij" i^dc bjh VaZ fj^ bdW^a^hZ YZh [dcYh! fj^ Zhi jc a^Zj Ydci XZgiV^ch dci Y^i fjZ X¼ iV^Zci aZh iZbeaZh aV Xh! XZ c¼Zhi eVh cdc eajh jc^fjZbZci aZ a^Zj Yj Y gdj" aZbZci Y¼jc Y^hXdjgh ejgZbZci hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# :i _Z cZ hV^h eVh d Zhi a¼ fj^a^" WgZ YdcX XZ c¼Zhi eVh edjg VYbZiigZ c¼^bedgiZ fjd^! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ YZ g Å X]^g XdbbZci aZh X]dhZh h¼ Xg^kZci Zi YdcX X¼Zhi a| d idji jc igVkV^a V i [V^i YZ bVc^ gZ ig h g^\djgZjhZ eVg aZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh edjg gZcYgZ XdbeiZ YZ XZ fj^ VkV^i i aZh gVeedgih ZcigZ aZ hdXaZ YZ a¼:jgdeZ Vjidjg YZ aV 9^h_ij_Wd_jWi VkZX a¼VjigZ :jgdeZ d V V i YZh gVeedgih XdcÅ^XijZah Y¼] g^iV\Z! YZ kd^h^cV\Z! Y¼] g^iV\Zh Xgd^h h edjg ZhhVnZg hVch idgYgZ aZ egdedh YZ eVgkZc^g | ^ci \gZg XZh a bZcih# 9dcX YZ aV kZgh^dc aV eajh YjgZ Zi aV eajh WgjiVaZ hjg aVfjZaaZ _Z g h^hiZgV^ YZ aV bVc^ gZ aV eajh VWhdajZ · ^a c¼Zhi eVh fjZhi^dc fj¼jc \djkZg" cZbZci Xg^kZ aV bVc^ gZ! _Z eg [ gZ Vadgh cZ eVh [V^gZ YZ bjh Z · ^a n V bVa" \g idji jcZ g ÅZm^dc fj^ Zhi eda^i^fjZ# 9Zjm^ bZ ZmZbeaZ / fjVcY dc V [V^i a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® 9^Zj bdYZ Y¼Zbead^ ¯ fj^ YZkV^i h¼djkg^g aZ '* hZeiZbWgZ | EVg^h# 7ZgigVcY 9ZaVcd ! fj^ edjgiVci VkV^i ÄcVcX aV XdcXZei^dc! V eg [ g fj¼ZaaZ hd^i Y¼VWdgY iZhi Z | 7gjmZa" aZh · dc bZ Y^hV^i ® [ij#Y[ gkÊ_b d[ \WkZhW_j fWi Z[i c[ikh[i Z[ i Ykh_j jekj } \W_j fWhj_Ykb_ h[i 5 ¯ · Zi a| hZ edhV^Zci YZjm Xdch^Y gVi^dch# 8¼ iV^i aV XgV^ciZ Y¼d[" [jhfjZg jcZ XdbbjcVji gZa^\^ZjhZ Zi ej^h aV Xdch^Y gVi^dc YZ aV aV X^i YZ iZaaZ hdgiZ fjZ eVgVYdmVaZbZci Zi b bZ Zc 7Za\^fjZ V V i aZh iZcVcih YZ aV aV X^i gZa^\^ZjhZ dj b^a^iVciZ fj^ dci i aZh eajh Yjgh | XdckV^cXgZ# ® Ed d[ lW fWi c[jjh[ bW iWbb[ IW_dj#@[Wd ZWdi b[ j[cfb[ Z[ bW bW Y_j " ed d[ lW fWi \W_h[ kd[ [nfei_j_ed ikh b[i h[b_]_edi ¯! Zmedh^i^dc fj^! W^Zc ZciZcYj! c¼ iV^i eVh egdh aniZ bV^h h^beaZbZci YZ ineZ Vci]gdedad\^fjZ# EZghdccZaaZbZci Zc idji XVh _¼V^ '&)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

i Xdc[gdci adgh YZ YZjm Zmedh^i^dch fj¼dc V ej [dgbjaZg! _Z eZchZ fj¼^a n Zc V hVch YdjiZ Y¼VjigZh Vjhh^! | YZkd^g ^ciZgV\^g VkZX aZ eda^i^fjZ! ^cY eZc" YVbbZci YZh _Zjm fj^ Vgg^kZci YVch idjiZ egVi^fjZ Y^hXjgh^kZ! hX^Zci^ÄfjZ d kdjh VkZo k^YZbbZci ^ci \gVi^dc YZh _Zjm YZh VXiZjgh# 6adgh aV bVc^ gZ Y¼n g edcYgZ c¼Zhi eVh h^beaZ# :i fjVcY dc idjX]Z | YZh fjZhi^dch Y¼^YZci^i dc kd^i fjZ X¼Zhi Zmeadh^[# ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo ?Z kdjYgV^h gZkZc^g hjg aV fjZhi^dc Yj Y^Vad\jZ ajh Zi gZhedchVWaZh ^ch" i^iji^dccZah VkZX aZh fj^eZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh# B^X]Za 8 i V gVeeZa idji | a¼]ZjgZ fjZ aZ eg^cX^eZ Y¼Vjidcdb^Z Yj egd_Zi XjaijgZa iV^i ZhhZci^Za Zi Zc b bZ iZbeh _Z eZchZ fjZ WZVjXdje YZ egd[Zhh^dccZah hZgdci Y¼VXXdgY edjg Y^gZ fj¼^a n V WZhd^c Y¼jc Y^Vad\jZ VhhZo eZgi^cZci ZcigZ aZh Y X^YZjgh eda^i^Xd"^chi^iji^dccZah Zi aZh gZhedchVWaZh XjaijgZah# EVgXZ fjZ XZ Y^Vad\jZ YncVb^hZ Vjhh^ a¼VXi^dc! eZgbZi Y¼ZcigZkd^g fjZ YZh k^h^dch Y^[[ gZc" iZh YZh X]dhZh eZjkZci hZ Xdc[gdciZg# :i ej^h eVg V^aaZjgh! jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa! X¼Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ kdajZ YVch aZ iZbeh! fj^ eZji h¼Vb a^dgZg! hZ Y kZade" eZg bV^h Vjhh^ hZ Y \gVYZg Zi fj^ b g^iZ | jc bdbZci Ydcc Y¼ igZ gZ\VgY !

Y¼ igZ dWhZgk ! Y¼ igZ kVaj # :i aV fjZhi^dc fjZ _Z kdjYgV^h edhZg | kdjh idjh ÄcVaZbZci! X¼Zhi XdbbZci kdjh kdnZo XZiiZ egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc Yj egd_Zi XjaijgZa eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ ZcigZeg^hZ fj^ eZji igZ Zci^ gZbZci eVgiV\ Z ZcigZ ajh Zi gZhedchVWaZh YZ egd_Zi edjg [V^gZ VkVcXZg a¼VXi^dc _jh" iZbZci Yj Wdc X i # Kd^a| bV fjZhi^dc hjg a¼ kVajVi^dc! eVgXZ fj¼^a n V jcZ Y^bZch^dc k^YZbbZci hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi ej^h jcZ Y^bZch^dc Zbe^g^fjZ# 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z vV X¼Zhi kgV^bZci jcZ fjZhi^dc kVhiZ eVgXZ fjZ eVg ]nedi] hZ jcZ kV" ajVi^dc bjai^Xg^i gZh! _Z cZ kd^h eVh jc Xg^i gZ fj^ | aj^"b bZ eZgbZiigV^i YZ YdccZg aV WdccZ egVi^fjZ° ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo 8Z c¼Zhi eVh jcZ fjZhi^dc YZ Xg^i gZh! X¼Zhi aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV eaVXZ YZh jch Zi YZh VjigZh YVch aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZ egdXZhhjh dj YZ egdX YjgZh Y¼ kVajV" i^dc# :c \gdh! XdbbZci edjggV^i"dc Zck^hV\Zg fj¼jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa Y kZ" adee Vjhh^ Vj cdb YZh Vjidg^i h ejWa^fjZh hd^i kVaj hVch fjZ XZh Vjidg^i h eVgi^X^eZci | a¼ kVajVi^dc 4 BV^h! Zc b bZ iZbeh! | fjZa ZcYgd^i aZ eda^i^fjZ Yd^i"^a hZ h^ijZg YVch XZiiZ kVajVi^dc · fjVcY ^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh Y¼jc VjY^i fj^ k^hZgV^i | gZbZiigZ Zc XVjhZ aZh ^cY^k^Yjh dj aZh egd_Zih · Xdc jZ XdbbZ jc igVkV^a Y¼dWhZgkVi^dc Zi Y¼VcVanhZ YZ XZ fj^ V i ZcigZeg^h edjg V[ÄcZg dj gZaVcXZg aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa#

&%)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

7Zcd i GZb^X]Z AV hZjaZ X]dhZ fjZ _Z Y^gV^h X¼Zhi! fj¼Zc iVci fjZ 7Za\Zh! dc k^i aV Y bd" XgVi^Z eVgi^X^eVi^kZ _jhfj¼| jc ed^ci fj^ gZcY aZh X]dhZh eVg[d^h ^c\ gVWaZh# 8¼Zhi fjZ aZh \gVcYh \ZhiZh XjaijgZah Ydci kdjh VkZo eZji" igZ | hdj[[g^g Zc ;gVcXZ · kdjh iZh ZcXdgZ YVch jcZ bdcVgX]^Z a| d cdjh hdbbZh YZej^h adc\iZbeh Zc g ejWa^fjZ · aZh \gVcYh \ZhiZh XjaijgZah hdci bVa]ZjgZjhZ" bZci Y^[ÄX^aZh YVch jcZ Y bdXgVi^Z kgV^bZci eVgi^X^eVi^kZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼jc ed^Yh Y¼^cZgi^Z Zhi \gVcY Zi VkVci Y¼VWVcYdccZg aZ [V^i Yj Eg^cXZ! ^a [Vji g Å X]^g | YZjm [d^h# ?Z eZchZ fjZ YZ \gVcYZh igVXZh XjaijgZaaZh dci i eZgb^hZh dj gZcYjZh edhh^WaZh \g}XZ Vj [V^i Yj Eg^cXZ# 6adgh hVch YdjiZ fjZ h^ kdjh Zc kdnZo idjh aZh ^cXdck c^Zcih! dc Zc kd^i cdjh idjiZh aZh Y^[ÄXja" i h edjg igZ YVch jc eVnh dj jc wiVi fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ hZ Y a^iZg Xdbea iZ" bZci! fj^ c¼Zhi eVh XZcigVa^h ! aV Y^[ÄXjai fjZ V eZji gZeg hZciZg° BV^h V X¼Zhi jc ed^ci YZ kjZ ig h WZa\Z# B^X]Za 8 i ?Z eg X^hZ idji Y¼VWdgY fjZ! _¼V^ Y^hi^c\j aV egd\gVbbVi^dc Yj egd_Zi XjaijgZa# Edjg bd^! X¼Zhi ZmXZhh^kZbZci ^bedgiVci# AZ c^kZVj YZ aV egd\gVb" bVi^dc Zhi jc c^kZVj egd[Zhh^dccZa# ² XZ c^kZVj! dc cZ igVkV^aaZ YZ idjiZ [V dc eVh hZja! bV^h VkZX YZh Xdb^i h hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! YZh eVgiZcV^gZh Zmi g^Zjgh# 8Z hdci Vjhh^ aZh XdcigV^ciZh YZ aV egd\gVbbVi^dc! hjg aZhfjZaaZh dc edjggV^i gZkZc^g# >a Zhi k^YZci! eVg ZmZbeaZ! fjZ aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa Yd^i igZ eVgiV\ eVg aZh ajh# EgZb^ gZbZci! XZ hdci Zjm fj^ ÄcVcXZci# H^ aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa c¼Zhi eVh ^ci gZhhVci! ^ah cZ aZ ÄcVcXZgdci eVh cdc eajh# >a Zhi YdcX ^bedgiVci YZ eVgiV\Zg aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# Edjg XZ fj^ cdjh XdcXZgcZ! jcZ \gVcYZ eVgi^Z YZ cdigZ Y bVgX]Z V i YZ XdckV^cXgZ X^cfjVciZ"fjVigZ ajh! Xdbbjc^hiZh! hdX^Va^hiZh! Jbe! JY[! fj¼^a n VkV^i a| jcZ dXXVh^dc jc^fjZ / | X]VfjZ iVeZ! aZh X^cfjVciZ"fjVigZ ajh dci kdi Y¼jcZ [V dc [VkdgVWaZ# >a n V YdcX g ZaaZ" bZci a¼^Y Z YZ igVkV^aaZg eVg XdchZchjh hjg aZh dg^ZciVi^dch# EVh hjg aV egd" \gVbbVi^dc 0 a| X¼Zhi VjigZ X]dhZ / VjXjc aj cZ cdjh Y^gV fj¼^a [Vji gZhiVjgZg iZa dW_Zi eaji i fj¼jc VjigZ# 8]VXjc hdc b i^Zg# BV^h ^a Zhi cdgbVa YZ eVgiV" \Zg VkZX aZh ajh aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# Dc cZ aZ eVgiV\Z eVh jc^fjZbZci VkZX Zjm! YZ idjiZ [V dc# IdjiZh aZh ^ch" i^iji^dch hdci Ydi Zh Zc \ c gVa Y¼jc Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# >a Zm^hiZ YZjm ineZh YZ Xdb^i h hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# Jc Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ^ciZgcVi^dcVa fj^ Veej^Z cdh dg^ZciVi^dch! VkZX fj^ dc Y^hXjiZ YZ XZaaZh"X^# >a cZ Y^hXjiZ eVh YZ aV egd" \gVbbVi^dc! bV^h YZh X]d^m higVi \^fjZh YZ XdciZcj YVch aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# 9Z b bZ edjg XdccV igZ aZh g VXi^dch Yj b^a^Zj Xdcdb^fjZ! aZ bjh Z h¼Zhi Ydi Y¼jc XajW Y¼ZcigZeg^hZ# JcZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ c¼Zm^hiZ Vjhh^! W^Zc h g! fj¼VkZX aZh ajh! aZh b^a^Zjm hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! Xdcdb^fjZh Zi XjaijgZah# AZh

'&+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

VjigZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah YVch aV k^Z Yj bjh Z dci Vjhh^ fjZafjZ X]dhZ | Y^gZ / cdjh Vkdch X]Vc\ VkZX Zjm# 9Vch aZ egd_Zi! ^a n VkV^i jc eaVc iVg^jb 0 cdjh a¼Vkdch VWVcYdcc ! idji h^beaZbZci eVgXZ fjZ KVjam"Zc"KZa^c edhh YZ jc eaVc iVg^jb fj^ [V^i ig h W^Zc hdc igVkV^a# Kdjh VkZo a| Vjhh^ jc X]Vc\Z Y¼VY] h^dc Vj egd_Zi XjaijgZa! hVch XdbeiZg a¼VY] h^dc Vj hZ^c Y¼jcZ fj^eZ# EVgXZ fjZ egZcYgZ jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ Vj ed^ci m Zi aV XdcYj^gZ Vj ed^ci n! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ eVgiV\Zg VkZX aZh bZbWgZh YZ a¼ fj^eZ XZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# JcZ \gVcYZ eVgi^Z YZ XZ igVkV^a! X¼Zhi W^Zc h g YZ aZ Xdchigj^gZ XdaaZXi^kZbZci# 8Z fj^ cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ fjZ kdjh cZ edjk^Zo Y [ZcYgZ kdjh"b bZ XZgiV^ch ed^cih! YZh Xdck^Xi^dch eZghdccZaaZh# BV^h XZ c¼Zhi _VbV^h jc egd_Zi ejgZbZci eZghdccZa / ^a [Vji fjZ V YZk^ZccZ XdaaZXi^[# EVig^X` I]^a ?¼V^ djWa^ idji | a¼]ZjgZ YZ Y^gZ fj¼^a VeeVgi^Zci eZji" igZ Vjhh^ Vjm ajh Y¼ igZ YZh ® [VX^a^iZjgh ¯ Yj Y^Vad\jZ ZcigZ aZh Y^[[ gZciZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZa" aZh# EVgXZ fj¼^a cZ [VjYgV^i eVh cdc eajh fjZ X]VXjcZ Y¼ZcigZ ZaaZh cZ hZ eVgaZ _VbV^h# Dc eZji igdjkZg YZh VXi^dch Zmig bZbZci ^ci gZhhVciZh# H^ a¼de gV Y h^gZ [V^gZ jc _djg jcZ W^ZccVaZ Vjidjg Y¼jc VjiZjg ig h X a WgZ bV^h fj^ hZ igdjkZ igZ adXVa! V eZji igZ ^ci gZhhVci YZ gZaVnZg XZiiZ YncVb^fjZ Vjeg h Y¼VjigZh ^chiVcXZh YVch aZhfjZaaZh aZh bjh Zh eZjkZci Vkd^g aZjg eVgi! bV^h ^a [Vji fjZ XZ hd^i a¼ aj fj^ VeeVgV^hhZ XdbbZ aZ ® [VX^a^iZjg ¯ Yj Y^Vad\jZ ZcigZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh fj^ Y eZcYZci idjiZh YZ aj^# BV^h X]VXjcZ Y¼Zc" igZ ZaaZh k^i jc eZj Zc VjiVgX^Z# Dg! YVkVciV\Z YZ XdciVXih YZkgV^Zci hZ cdjZg ZcigZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh YZ b bZ c^kZVj Zi YZ b bZ a^Zj# ?Z eZchZ eVg ZmZbeaZ fjZ YVkVciV\Z YZ a^V^hdch Zm^hiZci YVch aZ gZaV^h YZh XdchZgkV" iZjgh YZ bjh Z! fj¼^a n Zc V ZcigZ jc XdchZgkViZjg YZ bjh Z Zi jc Y^gZXiZjg YZ XdchZgkVid^gZ! jc Y^gZXiZjg Y¼de gV! jc Y^gZXiZjg YZ i] }igZ YZ aV b bZ k^aaZ# 9dcX Vj c^kZVj adXVa! V eZji igZ Vjhh^ ^ci gZhhVci YZ [Vkdg^hZg XZh hncZg\^Zh"a| fj^ eZjkZci g edcYgZ | jc \d i Yj ejWa^X edjg a¼jc^kZghZa# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi Vjhh^ aZ g aZ YZ a¼ aj Y¼^ck^iZg Vj eVgiV\Z# >a c¼Zhi eVh fjZhi^dc YZ Y^gZ / ® @[ leki eXb_][ }° ¯ bV^h ® J_[di" fekh kd[ \e_i" o W b} kd[ _d_j_Wj_l[ gk_ c[ fWhW j _dj h[iiWdj[" [ij#Y[ gk[ leki fekhh_[p bW h[bWo[h 4 ¯ AV a^WZgi Yd^i igZ aV^hh Z Vj Y^gZXiZjg YZ aV higjXijgZ! bV^h fjZafjZ[d^h dc ZbedgiZ a¼VY] h^dc# AZ YZjm^ bZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! VhhZo Y^[ÄX^aZ! X¼Zhi aV egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ a¼ kV" ajVi^dc# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ idjiZ eda^i^fjZ ejWa^fjZ Yd^i h¼ kVajZg! fj¼^a h¼V\^hhZ YZ a¼wYjXVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ! YZ aV eda^XZ! dj YZ aV XjaijgZ# >a [Vji! W^Zc h g! fjZ aZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh hd^Zci kVaj Zh# BV^h a¼ kVajVi^dc cZ kVji fjZ h^ a¼dc XdbeVgZ jc g hjaiVi | jc dW_ZXi^[# 8¼Zhi V a¼ kVajVi^dc# :i Zchj^iZ! ^a [Vji VcVanhZg edjgfjd^# AZ g hjaiVi c¼Zhi eVh a¼dW_ZXi^[# 8¼Zhi a¼VcVanhZ YZh bVg\Zh# 8ZgiZh! a¼ kVajVi^dc YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zhi VhhZo Y^[ÄX^aZ bV^h ^a Zc Zhi jcZ ig h h^beaZ! fj¼^a cZ [Vji eVh g Yj^gZ | XZiiZ h^bea^X^i ! X¼Zhi a¼VY" &%+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

] h^dc Yj ejWa^X# ?Z gVeeZaaZ fjZ edjg idji egd_Zi fj^ Zc\V\Z YZh ÄcVcXZh ejWa^fjZh! ^a [Vji Vj bd^ch fj¼jc YZh Xg^i gZh YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc hd^i a¼^ci g i ejWa^X Zi a¼^ci g i Yj ejWa^X# ?Z cZ kZjm eVh fjZ a¼jc hZ g hjbZ | a¼VjigZ! X¼Zhi jc eZj eajh hjWi^a fjZ XZaV! c Vcbd^ch X¼Zhi jcZ hdjgXZ Y¼ kVajVi^dc egZ" b^ gZ# FjVcY Zc bVi^ gZ YZ heZXiVXaZ k^kVci kdjh Y kZadeeZo jc eaViZVj fj^ V aV aVWZaa^hVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ YZ aV YVchZ XdciZbedgV^cZ! Zi fjZ kdjh Xdb" bZcXZo VkZX (%% heZXiViZjgh YVch jcZ hVaaZ fj^ [V^i jcZ _Vj\Z YZ & &%% Zi fjZ fjVigZ dj X^cf Vch Veg h kdjh iZh | & &%%! _Z i^gZ bdc X]VeZVj Vjm Y^g^\ZVcih XjaijgZah YZ XZiiZ ^chi^iji^dc# vV kZji Y^gZ fj¼^ah dci [V^i jc kgV^ igVkV^a YZ ejWa^X# BV^h ZcXdgZ [Vji"^a | jc bdbZci Ydcc [V^gZ aZh X]d^m! hVkd^g fjZah hdci aZh dW_ZXi^[h Zi hVkd^g XdcYj^gZ a¼VXi^dc edjg aZh bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ# Dc hV^i idjh Vj_djgY¼]j^ fjZ aZh hj_Zih YZh Zmedh^i^dch Zi k^YZbbZci aV bVc^ gZ YZ aZh eg hZciZg [dci fjZ a¼dc gZigdjkZ eajh dj bd^ch a¼VY] h^dc Yj ejWa^X# 8ZaV gZhiZ jc YZh a bZcih YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc# AdghfjZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch [dci a¼Zc\djZbZci Yj ejWa^X VkZX jcZ WdccZ \Zhi^dc YZh ÄaZh Y¼ViiZciZ! dc Zhi ig h XdciZci# >ckZghZbZci! YZh Zmedh^i^dch [dci jc Åde eVgXZ fj¼Zc [V^i ZaaZh dci i a¼ bVcVi^dc Y¼jcZ dj YZjm eZg" hdccZh fj^ hZ hdci [V^i eaV^h^g 0 _Z c¼V^ _VbV^h hidee XZ \ZcgZ YZ X]dhZh bV^h _¼V^ idj_djgh Ydcc bdc Vk^h / ® xYekj[p" Wbbedi#o cW_i f[hiedd[bb[c[dj `[ f[di[ gk[¾ ¯ Zhi idji YZ b bZ jcZ X]dhZ fj^ eZji hZ Y^gZ# EVgXZ fjZ fjVcY _Z Y^h ® `[ f[di[ gk[ ¯ XZaV kZji Y^gZ / ® 9Ê[ij jh i _dj h[iiWdj" W f[kj _dj h[ii[h kd[ b_j[" W f[kj _dj h[ii[h kd Y[hjW_d decXh[ Z[ f[hiedd[i" cW_i `[ d[ ik_i fWi i h ZÊkd [d]ek[c[dj Zk fkXb_Y fekh W$ ¯ BV^h dc aV [V^i fjVcY b bZ Zi YZgg^ gZ dc h¼VeZg d^i fjZ aZ g hjaiVi c¼Zhi eVh a|# Dc hV^i Vjhh^ fjZ aV egdWa bVi^fjZ Zhi edh Z YZ hVkd^g h¼^a [Vji YZ aV \gVij^i dj eVh! bV^h X¼Zhi VjigZ X]dhZ! eVgXZ fj¼^a n V YZgg^ gZ aZh eda^i^fjZh YZ iVg^ÄXVi^dc! eajh fj¼jcZ h^beaZ fjZhi^dc WjY\ iV^gZ# Edjg bd^! fjVcY _Z eVgaZ Y¼ kVajVi^dc ejWa^fjZ! V cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ fjZ aZh gZXZiiZh dci i Vj c^kZVj! V kZji Y^gZ fjZ a¼Zc\djZbZci V i Vj c^kZVj# 9¼jc VjigZ X i ! a¼Zmedh^i^dc · cZ a¼djWa^dch eVh cdc eajh · V eZji" igZ edjg Wji Y¼VeeZaZg a¼ViiZci^dc hjg jcZ g \^dc# 8¼Zhi idjiZ aV YncVb^fjZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh eVg gVeedgi | aV higVi \^Z Xdcdb^fjZ YZh iZgg^" id^gZh# Cdjh hdbbZh hjg jc iZgg^id^gZ! cdjh kdjadch aZ gZcYgZ ViigVXi^[! Zi aV eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ XdbbZ XZaaZ YZ a¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci! YZh ^c[gVhigjXijgZh V! | XZ i^igZ! jc g aZ b^cZci | _djZg# 8¼Zhi jc kdaZi YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc fj¼^a cZ [Vji eVh hdjh"Zhi^bZg# EVg[d^h kdjh c¼VaaZo eVh [dgX bZci Vkd^g jc Zc\djZbZci YZh ejWa^Xh! bV^h kdjh VaaZo cdiZg jc ^ci g i YZ aV egZhhZ! YZh dWhZgkViZjgh dj YZh he X^Va^hiZh# :i V [V^i eVgaZg Y¼jcZ g \^dc! V [V^i eVgaZg Y¼jcZ k^aaZ# 9Vch XZ XVYgZ"a|! ^a eZji n Vkd^g jc bd^cYgZ ^ci g i YZh ejWa^Xh adXVjm bV^h jc eajh \gVcY ^ci g i YZh he X^Va^hiZh# :i XZ c¼Zhi eVh c \a^\ZVWaZ edjg jc aj fjZ hV g \^dc hd^i b^hZ Zc kVaZjg eVg iZaaZ dj iZaaZ Zmedh^i^dc# 9dcX ^a [Vji Y _| igdj" kZg aZh Xg^i gZh Y¼Veeg X^Vi^dc · _Z k^Zch Y¼Zc X^iZg YZjm! _Z eZchZ fj¼^a Zc Zhi '&-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Y¼VjigZh · Zi ÄmZg YZh dW_ZXi^[h# :chj^iZ k^Zci aZ iZbeh YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc# BV^h aZ eg VaVWaZ! W^Zc h g! X¼Zhi aV ÄmVi^dc YZ a¼dW_ZXi^[# B^X]Za 8 i Jc ed^ci gVe^YZ hjg a¼ kVajVi^dc! eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi VhhZo Xdbea^fj # :c \ c gVa! Z[[ZXi^kZbZci! dc eZchZ Vj eajh [VX^aZ! | a¼ kVajVi^dc fjVci^iVi^kZ# IVci YZ k^h^iZjgh! Zi X¼Zhi aZ hjXX h# BV^h dc hV^i W^Zc fjZ X¼Zhi eajh XdbeaZmZ / XZ c¼Zhi eVh jc^fjZbZci fjVci^iVi^[! bV^h Vjhh^ fjVa^iVi^[# Dc eZji XdbeVgZg VkZX Y¼VjigZh [dgbZh Y¼Vgi dj Y¼VjigZh [dgbZh Y¼ZmegZhh^dc / XZ fj^ [V^i gZXZiiZ c¼Zhi eVh idj_djgh a^ | aV fjVa^i ^cig^ch fjZ Yj ® egdYj^i ¯# >a n V YdcX a| jcZ cjVcXZ Ydci ^a [Vji igZ XdchX^Zci# AZh bjh Zh! eVg ZmZbeaZ! dci aV eg iZci^dc Y¼Vkd^g jc ^beVXi Y¼VeegZci^hhV\Z# H^ aZh \Zch c¼dci [V^i fj¼ZcigZg Zi hdgi^g Yj bjh Z! b bZ h¼^a n V Zj &%% %%% eZghdccZh! hVch ^beVXi! dc cZ eZji eVh Y^gZ fjZ XZ hd^i jc hjXX h# >a [Vji YdcX VaaZg Vj"YZa| Y¼jcZ kVajVi^dc fjVci^iVi^kZ# H^ X¼Zhi XZiiZ YZg" c^ gZ fjZ kdjh kdjaZo! X¼Zhi ig h h^beaZ / kdjh [V^iZh aZh Y^cdhVjgZh! aZh ^begZh" h^dcc^hiZh Zi a¼w\neiZ# ?Z kdjh V^ g \a edjg aZh igd^h egdX]V^cZh Vcc Zh aZ fjVci^iVi^[# 8Z fjZ kdjh VkZo Veedgi | kdigZ XdbbjcVji ! X¼Zhi VjigZ X]dhZ# :i cdjh Vkdch aV eg iZci^dc Y¼V[ÄgbZg fjZ XZgiV^ch hj_Zih hdci [dcYVbZc" iVjm Zi fj¼dc V eVg[d^h jcZ dWa^\Vi^dc YZ [V^gZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z! YZ a¼Zme " g^bZciVi^dc# H^ kdjh eg hZciZo jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg aV bdgi! fj^ Zhi aV hZjaZ X]dhZ ^bedgiVciZ YVch aV k^Z! kdjh c¼VjgZo eVh WZVjXdje YZ bdcYZ# BV^h h^ kdjh iZh jc bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ! _Z cZ kd^h eVh XdbbZci kdjh edjkZo eg " iZcYgZ cZ eVh ^chXg^gZ YVch aV egd\gVbbVi^dc aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV bdgi# 6j" YZa| Yj fjVci^iVi^[! ^a n V YdcX Vjhh^ Yj fjVa^iVi^[! Zi aV eZgi^cZcXZ eVg gVe" edgi Vj egd_Zi XjaijgZa# ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a [Vji idj_djgh igZ Zc Xd] gZcXZ VkZX hdc egd_Zi XjaijgZa# :i h^ aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa Zi hZh dW_ZXi^[h hdci XaV^gh! X¼Zhi a| fj¼dc eZji igdjkZg aZh [dgbZh Y¼ kVajVi^dc# 8ZgiV^ch hZXiZjgh YZ aV [dcX" i^dc bjh VaZ hdci eajh Xdbea^fj h! cdiVbbZci Yj X i Yj Y kZadeeZbZci YZh XdaaZXi^dch / X¼Zhi a|! hZadc bd^! fj¼dc V aZ bd^ch YZ Xg^i gZh edjg kVajZg cdigZ egdegZ eZg[dgbVcXZ# Adghfj¼dc Yd^i _jhi^ÄZg a¼VXfj^h^i^dc Y¼jcZ e^ XZ V[g^XV^cZ | )%% %%% Zjgdh! dj XZaaZ Y¼jc Y^cdhVjgZ | &!' b^aa^dc! _Z cZ eZjm eVh kdjh Y^gZ XdbbZci _Z [V^h edjg kVajZg k g^iVWaZbZci aV eZgi^cZcXZ YZ a¼VXfj^h^i^dc! hVj[ | aV a^Zg VkZX aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# BV^h jcZ VjigZ e^ XZ V[g^" XV^cZ | '%% %%% Zjgdh VjgV^i eZji" igZ i ig h W^Zc° ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX Hjg a¼ kVajVi^dc! _¼Zc V^ egVi^fj Zc [V^i! _¼V^ Y bVgg XdbbZ V Zi X¼Zhi eVg aZh Zcfj iZh Vjeg h YZh k^h^iZjgh Yj bjh Z | YZh Äch Y¼ kVajVi^dc fjZ _Z bZ hj^h VeZg jZ fj¼^a n VkV^i X]Zo Zjm jcZ g VXi^dc fj^ edjkV^i igZ XZaaZ YZ Y^gZ / ® FWi [d dejh[ dec" d[ deki _dijhkc[djWb_i[p fWi fekh fh[dZh[ Z[i Z Y_# &%-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

i_edi$ ¯ 9Vch XZgiV^ch XVh aZ ejWa^X Zhi fjVcY b bZ eg^h! Zi ^a aZ hV^i! XdbbZ a¼dji^a! a¼^chiVcXZ fj^ kV igZ _j\Z dj VgW^igZ YZh Y X^h^dch# 8¼Zhi Zc hdc cdb! ^a aZ egZhhZci! ^a aZ hZci! Vadgh b bZ fjZ kdjh c¼VkZo eVg[d^h eVh Y¼ cdgbZ gZkZcY^XVi^dc | igZ hVi^h[V^i! kdjh VkZo jcZ aVi^ijYZ YZ aV eVgi YZh k^h^iZjgh YZ bjh Z Zi b bZ eVgb^ XZjm fj^ c¼n kdci eVh bV^h fj^ hZ hZciZci a^ h Vj bjh Z! kdjh c¼VkZo eVh [dgX bZci a¼Zck^Z | idji eg^m Y¼ igZ gZhedchVWaZ Yj hjXX h dj YZ a¼ X]ZX YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ# ?Z aZ Y^h eVgXZ fjZ aZ ejWa^X Zhi fjVcY b bZ eg^h ZmXZhh^kZbZci XdbbZ bZhjgZ YZ aV fjVa^i YZh eda^i^fjZh Xjaij" gZaaZh! Vadgh fj¼Zc g Va^i ! fjVcY dc [V^i a¼ kVajVi^dc! fjVcY dc [V^i Vjeg h YZ aj^ YZh Zcfj iZh YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ a¼ kVajVi^dc! _Z igdjkZ fj¼dc V YZh g edc" hZh YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ ® ce_ leki iWl[p" W d[ cÊW fWi Yedl[dk cW_i } ZÊWkjh[i° ¯# 9Zh g VXi^dch i bd^\cZci eVg[d^h Y¼jc gZ[jh Y¼ igZ V^ch^ ^chigjbZciVa^h ° Cdb" WgZjhZh hdci aZh Y^bZch^dch Ydci aZh k^h^iZjgh hdci eVg[V^iZbZci XdchX^Zcih / ^ah hdci cdiVbbZci XdchX^Zcih YZh egZhh^dch! ^ah hdci XdchX^Zcih fjVcY dc Zhi Zcfj i VkZX jc fjZhi^dccV^gZ YZ hVi^h[VXi^dc! dc hV^i ig h W^Zc Vjhh^ aZh Zc_Zjm fj¼^a eZji n Vkd^g YZgg^ gZ | igZ cdiVbbZci ^chVi^h[V^ih! aZh gZidb" W Zh! aZh g^hfjZh fj¼dc [V^i Xdjg^g# Dc hV^i Vjhh^ fj¼| XZ bdbZci"a| dc hZ gZXdccV i XdbbZ aZ Xa^Zci dj a¼jhV\Zg Zi cdc eajh aZ i bd^c! Zi hdjYV^c dc Y XdjkgZ fj¼dc Zhi YVch jc gVeedgi YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Vj bjh Z fj^ c¼Zhi eVh [dgX bZci XZaj^ fjZ a¼dc XgdnV^i Zi fj^ Zc\V\Z# A| a¼ kVajVi^dc c¼Zhi eVh cZjigZ bV^h ZaaZ iVWa^i jc gVeedgi VkZX aZ ejWa^X fj^ g k aZ Vj [dcY eajh YZ X]dhZh! fj^ g k aZ jcZ g YjXi^dc eZji" igZ° 9Zjm^ bZ ed^ci hjg a¼ kVajVi^dc# Kdjh VkZo idjiZ jcZ eVaZiiZ YZ XZ fj¼dc edjggV^i Xdch^Y gZg XdbbZ YZh Z[[Zih Vj adc\ Xdjgh YVch aZh eda^i^" fjZh! XdbbZ cdc [dgX bZci YZh Z[[Zih Zc iZgbZ YZ gZidbW Zh c^ YZ egZhhZ c^ Y¼Zc\djZbZci Yj ejWa^X! bV^h eVg ZmZbeaZ aV fjVa^i Y¼jc g hZVj fj^ V ej igZ iVWa^! fj^ Zhi VXi^k ! YZh g hZVjm fj^ eZjkZci igZ YdgbVcih! dj XZ fj^ hZ eVhhZ Zc Vbdci YZ aV XdcXZei^dc YZh Zmedh^i^dch! aV bdW^a^hVi^dc YZh ^c[dg" bViZjgh! aZh \Zch fj^ YdccZci! fj^ eg iZci! aZh \Zch fj^ Zc eVgaZci# A| ^a c¼Zhi eVh YZ fjVci^ÄXVi^dc edhh^WaZ Zi X¼Zhi iVci b^Zjm# BV^h eVg XdcigZ XdbbZci Vgg^kZg | fjVa^ÄZg XZiiZ VXi^dc fj^ Zhi fjVcY b bZ ig h ^bedgiVciZ Zc eVgi^" Xja^Zg YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zi fj^ eVg cVijgZ Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ cZ eZji eVh igZ [dgbVa^h Zc XVi \dg^Zh bZhjgVWaZh bV^h fj^ hZ Y kZadeeZ# 8db" bZci gZcYgZ XdckV^cXVcih YZh Xg^i gZh fj^ XdggZhedcYgV^Zci | XZi iVWa^hhZ" bZci YZ a^Zch! YZ g hZVjm! _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi kgV^bZci jc Zc_Zj fj¼^a edjggV^i n Vkd^g! YZh a^Zch ZcigZ hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi bjh Zh! edjg i^hhZg YZh Vaa^VcXZh# EVgXZ fjZ Yj Xdje! Y h adgh fj¼dc ^chiVjgZ YZh ^chigjbZcih Y¼ kVajVi^dc! dc V YZh Z[[Zih g XjggZcih! X¼Zhi fj¼Vjhh^i i XZh ^chigjbZcih eg ih! ^a [Vji Vkd^g jcZ k^h^dc Xg^i^fjZ ej^hfj¼Zc [V^i ^ah Zc\V\Zci YZh gVeedgih YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc VkZX aZ ejWa^X! aZh ajh fj^ hjeeg^bZci XZgiV^cZh Y^bZch^dch! Zc bZiiZci Y¼VjigZh Zc VkVci# '&/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

9Zjm^ bZ ^Y Z | egdedh YZ XZiiZ Y Äc^i^dc YZ aV hX^ZcXZ# :c ^cigdYjX" i^dc! ?ja^Z <j^ndi Y^hV^i fjZ XZ fj^ gZhiV^i XdchiVci! XZ fj^ edjkV^i gVhhZb" WaZg! X¼ iV^Zci YZh fjZhi^dch Zi aZh fjZhi^dch hdci eajh Y^[ÄX^aZh | iVWa^g Zc Xdbbjc fjZ aZh Y Äc^i^dch# :c g Va^i ! W^Zc hdjkZci YVch aZh Y Äc^i^dch kdjh VkZo a¼^c_dcXi^dc | h¼ZciZcYgZ hjg YZh Y Äc^i^dch eVgXZ fjZ edjg Xg Zg aZh XVi \dg^Zh Yj bZhjgVWaZ! YZ a¼dW_ZXi^kVWaZ / XZ fj^ Zhi aZ eajh [gV\^aZ! XZ fj^ Zhi aZ eajh Y^[ÄX^aZ | bV^ciZc^g! X¼Zhi aV fjVa^i YZh fjZhi^dch# 6adgh V eVgV i XdbbZ V ig^k^Va bV^h XZ hdci aZh X]dhZh aZh eajh [VX^aZbZci hdj[Å Zh eVg aZh b XVc^hbZh YZ [dgbVa^hVi^dc! YZ gVi^dcVa^hVi^dc° >X^! _Z cZ hj^h c^ YVch aV hX^ZcXZ XdbbZ hj_Zi! Xg^i^fjZ dj iZX]c^fjZ bV^h!

Zc iVci fjZ egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ! _¼Zhi^bZ fj¼dc cZ hjW^i eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci YZh egZhh^dch Y^gZXiZh bV^h fjZ eVg XdcigZ dc Zhi YVch YZh XdcÅ^ih YZ cdgbZh VWhdajbZci cdgbZh# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ X¼Zhi aZ XVh edjg kdjh bV^h fjVcY dc edhZ aZh X]dhZh Zc XZh iZgbZh / ® :hi"XZ fjZ _¼V^ hjW^ YZh egZhh^dch eda^i^fjZh Y^gZXiZh dj eVh 4 ¯ 7^Zc hdjkZci cdc! g^Zc# BV^h eVg XdcigZ aZh XdcÅ^ih YZ cdg" bZh YVch aZhfjZah dc hZ igdjkZ Zc\V\ edjg aV Xg Vi^dc YZ XdaaZXi^[h! a¼VkVc" XZbZci YZ egd_Zih Zhi eVg[d^h ^ciZcVWaZ! ^chjeedgiVWaZ Zi dc [dcXi^dccZ YVch a¼VjidXZchjgZ Zc [V^i# Dc Vbdgi^i Xdbea iZbZci YZh edh^i^dch [dgiZh# 8Z hdci YZh fjZhi^dch fjZ _Z edhZ eVgXZ fj¼jcZ eVgi^Z Yj [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh hX^ZcXZh! Zc idji XVh Yj [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh Zi hdX^VaZh! Vj_djgY¼]j^! X]VeeZ | hV gZeg hZciVi^dc eVgXZ fj¼dc c¼dhZ eVh aZ hdjbZiigZ | cdh Xdaa \jZh bjh dad\jZh! iZaaZbZci X¼Zhi Yjg# :i Yj Xdje dc hZ gZigdjkZ YVch aV h^ijVi^dc d dc Xdcig^WjZ cdjh"b bZh | gZi^gZg aV Y^bZch^dc Xg^i^" fjZ fjZ eVg V^aaZjgh dc Zhi hVch XZhhZ Zc igV^c YZ g XaVbZg# Cdjh"b bZh h^ dc Zhi hdaa^X^i XdbbZ Xdbb^hhV^gZ! dc cZ kV hjgidji g^Zc Y^gZ YZ XZ fjZ a¼dc hjW^i! Zi a| YZh Vaa^VcXZh hZgV^Zci | gZi^hhZg hjg XZ fj¼dc eZji hZ eZgbZiigZ YZ Y^gZ YZ XZh egZhh^dch! YZ XZh XdcÅ^ih YZ cdgbZh° AVjgZci K Yg^cZ Igd^h ^ciZgkZci^dch dci kdfj aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hX^ZcXZ Zi VeeVgZbbZci aV hX^ZcXZ iV^i kgV^bZci Zmi g^ZjgZ Vj bjh Z! X¼ iV^Zci YZh jc^kZgh^i h! YZh XZcigZh YZ gZX]ZgX]Z# Dg! Zc [V^i! _Z hj^h a kZ XdchZgkV" iZjg | a¼>chi^iji YZ [dgbVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zi dc cdjh Y^i fjZ cdjh hdb" bZh YZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# AZ XdcXdjgh Zhi WVh hjg YZh XdccV^hhVcXZh Zi cdc eVh hjg jcZ iZX]c^X^i ! Zi fj¼^a [Vji idj_djgh bZiigZ Zc VkVci XZi VheZXi hX^Zci^Ä" fjZ! fj¼^a [Vji \VgYZg XZi VheZXi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# Jc aj! Bdch^Zjg I]^a! V eVga YZ a¼ fj^eZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YdcX kdjh cZ a¼VkZo eVh kdfj | a¼ZmXZei^dc Yj XVh YZ aV W^dY^kZgh^i Zi | a¼^bedgiVcXZ Zc [V^i Yj g aZ YZh bjh jbh# :hi"XZ fjZ edjg kdjh jc bjh Z c¼V eVh edjg b^hh^dc Y¼ igZ jc egdYjXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Zh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! Zhi"XZ fjZ aZh eZghdccZah fj^ hdci YVch aZh bjh Zh hd^i cZ hdci

&&%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

eVh YZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! hd^i cZ eZjkZci eVh [V^gZ YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ dj hd^i XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZjg _dW 4 >hVWZaaZ 7Zcd i ?Z kdjaV^h Vjhh^ gZkZc^g hjg XZ hj_Zi Zi hjg aZh gVeedgih bjh Z Zi hX^ZcXZ fj^ hdci Vj X¶jg YZ aV Y^hXjhh^dc! Zi eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci hjg aV inedad\^Z fj^ V i egdedh Z eVg BVYVbZ <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg# Kdjh egdedh^Zo hX^ZcXZ" hj_Zi! hX^ZcXZ"^chigjbZci dj gZX]ZgX]Z Xg^i^fjZ Zi X¼Zhi ZmVXiZbZci XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Y^i a|# EVgXZ fj¼Zc [V^i dc eZji Vkd^g jcZ eg dXXjeVi^dc Zc idji XVh YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZ Zi YZ hdX^ i h ]jbV^cZh · _Z cZ eVgaZ eVh edjg aZh bjh Zh YZ hX^ZcXZ eVgXZ fjZ _Z aZh XdccV^h bd^ch · _¼V^ a¼^begZhh^dc fjZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z Xg^i^fjZ fj^ Zhi egdYj^iZ eVg aZh bjh Zh! eVg ZmZbeaZ edjg aZjgh XdaaZXi^dch eZgbVcZciZh bV^h eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci edjg aZh Zmedh^i^dch iZb" edgV^gZh! c¼V eVh aZ b bZ hiViji fj¼jc VjigZ ineZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# 6adgh fj¼| egdegZbZci eVgaZg XZ fj^ Zhi egdYj^i eVg aZh Zmedh^i^dch! X¼Zhi aZ g hjaiVi Zc \ c gVa Y¼jcZ hdbbZ YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh ig h ^bedgiVciZh! YZ b i]dYZh hdjkZci VhhZo dg^\^cVaZh Zi YdcX YZ Xgd^hZbZcih Y^hX^ea^cV^gZh eaj" i i ^ci gZhhVcih# Dc V a¼^begZhh^dc fjZ XZaV c¼VjgV _VbV^h aZ b bZ hiViji fjZ Y¼VjigZh ineZh YZ egdYjXi^dch hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# 6adgh Zhi"XZ fjZ X¼Zhi eVgXZ fj¼dc hV^i fjZ eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVch aZ bjh Z X¼Zhi jcZ egdYjXi^dc fj^ c¼Zhi eVh X]^b^fjZbZci ejgZ 4 EVgVaa aZbZci! Zhi"XZ fjZ Y¼VjigZh egdYjXi^dch hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZh hdci X]^b^fjZbZci ejgZh 4 8dch fjZcXZ / cdjh Vkdch ig h eZj Y¼Z[[Zih XjbjaVi^[h! YVch aZ hZch d jc bjh Z VjgV [V^i jcZ bV\c^ÄfjZ Zmedh^i^dc! VjgV Veedgi Vj Y WVi hX^Zci^Ä" fjZ YZh hj\\Zhi^dch! YZh g edchZh! YZh egdedh^i^dch ^ci gZhhVciZh! V kV igZ ig h gVgZbZci ji^a^h eVg jc VjigZ bjh Z XdbbZ ed^ci YZ Y eVgi edjg jc cdjkZVj egd_Zi# 7dc _¼V^ Zj eajh^Zjgh Zme g^ZcXZh YVch bV egVi^fjZ egd[Zh" h^dccZaaZ / ^a n V fjZafjZh Vcc Zh _¼V^ Zj aV X]VcXZ YZ igVkV^aaZg VkZX a¼Zmed" h^i^dc ® B bd^gZh YZh XVbeh ¯ fj^ iV^i jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg aV aZXijgZ e]d" id\gVe]^fjZ YZh e]didh Ydci dc V i VWgZjk YZej^h X^cfjVciZ Vch hVch VjXjc Y XdYV\Z edhh^WaZ eVgXZ fj¼dc cZ XdccV^hhV^i eVh a¼dg^\^cZ YZh e]didh dj dc c¼VkV^i eVh Y^hi^c\j fj^ VkV^i eg^h aZh e]didh! h^ X¼ iV^i Zc ((! h^ X¼ iV^i Zc )*! h^ X¼ iV^Zci aZh a^W gViZjgh! h^ X¼ iV^Zci aZh Y edgi h# 8ZiiZ Zmedh^i^dc ® B bd^gZ YZh XVbeh ¯ fj^ iV^i jcZ egdYjXi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ e]did V X^g" Xja Zc :jgdeZ# Edjg bd^! fjVcY dc a¼V gZ jZ | <Zc kZ! ZaaZ VeedgiV^i jcZ b i]dYZ Zi jcZ aZXijgZ Xg^i^fjZ [dcYVbZciVaZ hjg aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV e]did" \gVe]^Z XdciZbedgV^cZ fj^ YZkgV^i igZ YZkZcjZ jcZ egVi^fjZ \ c gVaZ edjg idjh aZh bjh Zh fj^ hdci Xdc[gdci h | XZ ineZ YZ XdaaZXi^dc# :i fjVcY _Z hj^h Vaa g XZbbZci | 7Zga^c Vj Bjh Z _j^[ fj^ Zhi [dgX bZci Xdc[gdci | XZ ineZ YZ egdWa bVi^fjZ! _¼V^ i ig h [gVee YZ XdchiViZg fjZ aV eVgi^Z hjg aV e g^dYZ

'''

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

&.(("&.)*! a¼Veea^XVi^dc YZ XZi VeeVgZ^a Xg^i^fjZ hjg XZh e]didh c¼ iV^i eVh Yj idji eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ Zi fj¼dc gZidbWV^i YVch jc \gVcY b aVc\Z YZh gZXV" YgV\Zh YZ e]didh! YZh eZgiZh YZ hZch Zi YZh Ydcc Zh ]^hidg^fjZh# :i _Z Y^gV^h fj¼Veg h XZiiZ Zmedh^i^dc Zi Veg h aV \gVcYZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg aV LZ]gbVX]i fj^ V [V^i cdgb bZci eVgaZg Y¼ZaaZ Zc 6aaZbV\cZ! dc cZ eZji eajh YVch cdh egV" i^fjZh egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh YZ bjh Z [V^gZ a¼^beVhhZ YZ XZ ineZ Y¼dji^a# BV^h V XZ hdci YZh dji^ah fj^ dci i Ydcc h eVg YZh Zmedh^i^dch! Zi X¼Zhi XdbbZ h^ X¼ iV^i jc eZj bd^ch a \^i^bZ fjZ aZh VjigZh# ?Z Y^gV^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ ^cX^iVi^dc | XZ fjZ! YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ cdh egVi^fjZh Zi YZ cdh VXi^k^i h! dc hd^i djkZgi | gZ\VgYZg XZ fj¼dci [V^i aZh VjigZh Zi | g ji^a^hZg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ g hja" iVih / _¼V^ a¼^begZhh^dc fjZ X¼Zhi ig h Y^[ÄX^aZ YZ aZ [V^gZ# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc AV fjZhi^dc fjZ kdjh hdjaZk^Zo! fj^ Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc fj^ c¼Zhi | bV XdccV^hhVcXZ VWhdajbZci eVh igV^i Z! Zhi XZaaZ YZ aV Xdbe iZcXZ Zi YZ aV egd" YjXi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ a^ Zh Vjm XdaaZXi^dch! Vjm dW_Zih! | aV egdYjXi^dc YZh Zmedh^i^dch! Vj igV^iZbZci b Y^Vi^fjZ YZh dW_Zih# 8ZaV Zhi a^ | jcZ eVgi^Xj" aVg^i [gVc V^hZ fj^ Zhi fjVcY b bZ aV Y^heVg^i^dc YZ idji XZ fj^ Zhi a^ | aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ! n Xdbeg^h YVch a¼Vci]gdedad\^Z# AV gZX]ZgX]Z jc^kZgh^" iV^gZ Zhi eaji i dg^Zci Z kZgh jcZ VeegdX]Z i] dg^fjZ Zi Yj Xdje V Vb cZ YZh g eVgi^i^dch YZ Xdbe iZcXZh fj^ [dci fjZ idjiZ jcZ eVgi^Z YZ egdYjXi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh hZ igdjkZ Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ b^hZ ZcigZ eVgZci] hZh! XZ fj¼dc cZ gZigdjkZ eVh eVg ZmZbeaZ YVch aZh eVnh Vc\ad"hVmdch# 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z BV gZa^\^dc c¼Zhi eVh [V^iZ Yj idji# HZjaZbZci! Zc bZ WVhVci hjg jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ Zi Zc bZ WVhVci jc eZj hjg aV i] dg^Z YZh dg\Vc^" hVi^dch! _¼V^ jc YdjiZ dj jcZ g hZgkZ hjg aZ [V^i YZ aV XdZm^hiZcXZ Y¼VjiVci YZ b i^Zgh YVch aZ bjh Z Zc eVgkZcVci | edjghj^kgZ edjg X]VXjc Y¼ZcigZ Zjm a¼ZmXZaaZcXZ# 6j [dcY! fjVcY dc Y^i fjZ V Yd^i igZ jc a^Zj d a¼dc Y kZadeeZ jc hVkd^g! d dc XdchZgkZ XdggZXiZbZci! d dc b Y^Vi^hZ! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ _¼V^ Zj | igV^iZg YVch bdc Zme g^ZcXZ egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ Vci g^ZjgZ 4 9Zjm ineZh YZ XVh# AV igVch[dgbVi^dc Y¼jcZ ZcigZeg^hZ ejWa^fjZ YZ i a Xdbbjc^XVi^dch! a¼ fj^kVaZci YZ ;gVcXZ I a Xdb! fjZ _¼V^ [V^i eVhhZg Y¼jcZ g \^Z! YdcX Y¼jcZ VYb^c^higVi^dc! | jcZ ZcigZeg^hZ eg^k Z# FjVcY dc YZbVcYZ | jcZ ZcigZ" eg^hZ YZ [V^gZ | aV [d^h aV eda^i^fjZ ^cYjhig^ZaaZ! aV eda^i^fjZ YZ a¼Zbead^! hZg" k^g YZh i a Xdbh! dc cZ [V^i g^Zc W^Zc# 9Z aV b bZ bVc^ gZ! YVch jcZ eda^" i^fjZ jc^kZgh^iV^gZ! ^a n VkV^i jc aVWdgVid^gZ fj^ [V^hV^i YVch aZ YdbV^cZ heVi^Va YZ a¼VXi^k^i egdid"^cYjhig^ZaaZ! dc h¼VeZgXZkV^i fj¼^a c¼n VkV^i eajh YZ hX^ZcXZ fj^ hZ egdYj^hV^i YVch aZh aVWdgVid^gZh! eajh YZ i] hZh cZ hdgiV^Zci Zi | aV [d^h dc c¼ iV^i eVh Xdbe i^i^[ hjg aZ eaVc YZ a¼VheZXi ^cYjhig^Za# :i YdcX &&'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

^a n V XZgiV^cZbZci YZh edX]Zh PYZ g h^hiVcXZR | \VjX]Z Zi | Ygd^iZ fj^ i^Zc" cZci | a¼]^hid^gZ Zi _Z eZchZ fjZ aV e^gZ YZh X]dhZh! X¼Zhi Y¼Vkd^g jcZ Veegd" X]Z cdgbVa^hVig^XZ Zc Y^hVci ® _b o W kd[ i[kb[ h[Y[jj[ ¯# EVg XdcigZ XZ fjZ _¼dW" hZgkZ YVch aZ XdciVXi VkZX jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ bjh Zh cdc hZjaZbZci Zc ;gVcXZ! bV^h Zc 7Za\^fjZ! Zc 6aaZbV\cZ! X¼Zhi fjZ WZVjXdje YZ \Zch k^iZci Y¼ igZ YVch aV [gdci^ gZ YZ a¼ZmXZaaZcXZ! YVch aV hX^ZcXZ! eVgXZ fj¼^ah Y^hZci / ® 7^" cW_i ed W Z[i jWi ZÊWif[Yji Z[ ][ij_ed" ZÊeXi[hlWj_ed" Z[ c Z_Wj_ed Wl[Y b[i fkXb_Yi ¯! fjZ hjg a¼VheZXi b Y^Vi^dc VkZX aZh ejWa^Xh dj aV XdchZgkVi^dc! dc c¼Zhi eVh Vjm [gdci^ gZh YZ a¼ZmXZaaZcXZ# :i _Z bZ YZbVcYZ · hZjaZbZci aZh dg\Vc^hbZh egd[Zhh^dccZah fj^ hdci hdjkZci XdgedgVi^[h c¼^ck^iZci eVh | XZiiZ g ÅZm^dc · fjZa Zhi aZ X¶jg Y¼jc b i^Zg Y¼jc bjh Z! fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ X¼Zhi Vj [dcY aZ X¶jg Y¼jc b i^Zg 4 Dc V YZh Y Äc^i^dch cdgbVi^kZh fj^ k^ZccZci YZ a¼>Xdb bV^h fj^ XVX]Zci W^Zc hdjkZci YZh ^ci g ih XdgedgVi^[h / X¼Zhi aV fjZh" i^dc | hZ edhZg# ?Z c¼V^ eVh aV hdaji^dc bV^h aV hZjaZ X]dhZ fj^ bZ [gVeeZ! X¼Zhi fj¼dc c¼dhZ eVh edhZg aV fjZhi^dc XdbbZ dc aV edhZgV^i YZ bVc^ gZ Vjhh^ XgjZ | a¼VYgZhhZ Y¼VjigZh dg\Vc^hVi^dch# B^X]Za 8 i A| Vjhh^! aV XdbeaZm^ÄXVi^dc YZh bjh Zh V ZcigV c jcZ gZb^hZ Zc fjZh" i^dc YZh [dcXi^dch# :i XZ c¼Zhi eVh Äc^# EVgXZ fj¼^a n V YZ cdjkZVjm b i^Zgh# 6jeVgVkVci! aZh XdchZgkViZjgh iV^Zci hZjah YVch aZ bjh Z! ^ah [V^hV^Zci aV gZX]ZgX]Z! ^ah h¼dXXjeV^Zci YZh dW_Zih! ^ah bdciV^Zci aZh Zmedh! ^ah [V^hV^Zci aZ b cV\Z° >ah [V^hV^Zci idji! ^ah iV^Zci hZjah# AZ bdcYZ Zhi YZkZcj eajh XdbeaZmZ Zi aZ b i^Zg YZh bjh dad\jZh Zhi YZkZcj Vjhh^ jc eZj eajh Xdb" eaZmZ# Dc h¼Zhi VeZg j fjZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z! X¼ iV^i YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z i] bVi^fjZ# AZh XdchZgkViZjgh hZ hdci YdcX YZbVcY / ® GkÊ[ij#Y[ gkÊed \W_j 5 ¯ Ej^h dc h¼Zhi VeZg j fjZ! edjg aZh Zmedh! XZ hZgV^i eZji" igZ W^Zc Y¼Vkd^g YZh X]Vg\ h YZ egd_Zih Y¼Zmedh! fj^ hdci eaji i YZh he X^Va^hiZh YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc VkZX aZ ejWa^X# AZh XdchZgkViZjgh dci ZcXdgZ Y^i / ® GkÊ[ij#Y[ gkÊed \W_j" b}" deki 5 ¯ Ej^h ^a V i c XZhhV^gZ YZ gZXdjg^g | YZh b Y^ViZjgh! he X^Va^hiZh YZ aV Xdbbjc^XV" i^dc VkZX aZ ejWa^X! | YZh XdcXZeiZjgh YZ egd\gVbbZ ejWa^X# :i aZh XdchZgkV" iZjgh hZ hdci ZcXdgZ ^ciZggd\ h hjg aZjg g aZ# 8Zaj^"X^ h¼Zhi eZi^i | eZi^i g ig X^# >a cZ gZhiZ edjg bd^ fj¼jcZ he X^Va^i ! aV he X^Va^i YZh dW_Zih# AZh \Zch fj^ [dci YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z i] bVi^fjZ cZ XdccV^hhZci g^Zc Vjm dW_Zih! ^ah [dci YZh gZX]ZgX]Zh i] bVi^fjZh# AZh \Zch fj^ [dci YZh Zmedh XdccV^hhZci aZh bdnZch YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Zi YZ bjh d\gVe]^Z# AZh \Zch fj^ [dci YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc XdccV^hhZci aV e YV\d\^Z# BV^h XZaj^ fj^ igVkV^aaZ hjg aZh dW_Zih! X¼Zhi aZ XdchZgkViZjg# 7^Zc h g! dc eZji kdjh YZbVcYZg / ® CW_i gkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ leki fhe# Zk_i[p 5 GkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ b[i Yedi[hlWj[khi fheZk_i[dj 5 GkÊ[ij#Y[ gkÊ_bi fkXb_[dj 5 ;d gke_ \edj#_bi WlWdY[h bW iY_[dY[ 5 ¯ ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a n V jcZ kgV^Z gZb^hZ Zc fjZh" i^dc YZ aV [dcXi^dc YZh XdchZgkViZjgh Vj hZch igVY^i^dccZa# :i XZ c¼Zhi eVh Äc^# '')

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

EVgXZ fjZ! Zc b Y^Vi^dc! YZh XdcXZeiZjgh! YZh b Y^ViZjgh! YZh iZX]c^X^Zch! YZh he X^Va^hiZh Zc bjai^b Y^V kdci Vgg^kZg YVch aZh bjh Zh! fj^ kdci X]Vc\Zg aZh XdbedgiZbZcih# AV bjai^ea^XVi^dc YZh [dcXi^dch dWa^\Z YdcX | jcZ gZY Äc^" i^dc YZh g aZh# ² a¼]ZjgZ VXijZaaZ! aV eVgi Xdc\gjZ gZk^Zci Vj XdchZgkViZjg# >a Zhi aZ eajh bVa eaVX ! eVgXZ fjZ idji V X]Vc\ Vjidjg YZ aj^! Vadgh fj¼VjeVgV" kVci ^a Y iZcV^i jc bdcdedaZ# 7ZgcVgY <^abVc Dc V WZVjXdje eVga YZ egd_Zih Zi YZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa! ZcXdgZ [VjYgV^i"^a hVkd^g XZ fjZ V kZji Y^gZ# :i bd^ _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a cZ eZji eVh n Vkd^g YZ k g^iVWaZ egd_Zi fj^ cZ hd^i eVh a^ | XZ bdi hdX^ i ! Zi jcZ XdaaZXi^k^i dj jc iVWa^hhZ" bZci Yd^kZci VWhdajbZci a^Zg aZjgh egd_Zih Vjm egdWa bZh YZ aV hdX^ i YVch aVfjZaaZ ^ah k^kZci! YVch aV k^aaZ YVch aVfjZaaZ XZiiZ XdaaZXi^k^i k^i# EVg V^aaZjgh! YZjm^ bZ egdWa bZ! XdbbZci eZji"^a n Vkd^g VY fjVi^dc ZcigZ aZ egd_Zi Y¼jcZ XdaaZXi^k^i Zi aZ egd_Zi Y¼jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ 4 Igd^h^ bZ egdWa bZ / X¼Zhi XZaj^ fj¼V hdjaZk a¼ aj YZ BZio! | hVkd^g Xdb" bZci XZ egd_Zi eZji igZ XZaj^ YZ idjiZh aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h! aZh ^chi^iji^dch Zi aZh \gdjeZh Y¼jcZ k^aaZ 4 vV bZ eVgV i ^bedgiVci# ?Z cZ egZcYgV^ fj¼jc ZmZb" eaZ fjZ kdjh VkZo X^i ! fj^ Zhi kgV^bZci ^ci gZhhVci# H¼^a n V jc egdWa bZ YZ hdX^ i ^ci gZhhVci Vj_djgY¼]j^! X¼Zhi W^Zc XZaj^ YZ aV bdgi# AV bdgi edjg VeegZcYgZ | b^Zjm k^kgZ# FjZaaZ Zhi aV k^aaZ fj^ Y^gV Vj_djgY¼]j^ / ® Leki" cki [i" leki" cW_iedi Z[ bW Ykbjkh[" leki" X_Xb_ej^ gk[i" ed lW jhWlW_bb[h f[dZWdj kd Wd ikh Y[ j^ c[#b} ¯ 4 HVch YdjiZ Y¼VWdgY ^a n VjgV g^XVcZbZci YVch aV k^aaZ! YVch aV egZhhZ! h gZbZci YVch aV egZhhZ adXVaZ! bV^h _Z Xgd^h fjZ XZ hdci YZh hj_Zih YZ hdX^ i VjmfjZah ^a [Vji h¼ViiVfjZg# 8dbbZ XZaj^ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc!

XdbbZ a¼V [V^i aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h ^X^# 8Z hdci YZ k g^iVWaZh egd_Zih# AZ egd" _Zi YZ gZbea^g YZh hVaaZh c¼Zhi eVh jc egd_Zi# Jc egd_Zi d dc eVgaZ YZ cdjh hjg aZ eaVc cVi^dcVa c¼Zhi eVh jc egd_Zi# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh a| a¼dW_ZXi^[ Y¼jc k g^iVWaZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji | aV [d^h YZ aV eVgi YZh XdchZgkViZjgh dj YZh \Zch YZ bjh Z fj¼^ah edhZci YZh fjZhi^dch Vjm ajh! _¼Zc eVgaZ Y¼VjiVci eajh | a¼V^hZ fjZ _Z hj^h jc VcX^Zc aj! Zi edjg aZjg [dgXZg jc eZj aV bV^c edjg fj¼^ah Y Äc^hhZci b^Zjm aZjgh egd_Zih Zi jc k g^iVWaZ egd_Zi# :i bV^ciZcVci _¼V^bZgV^h edhZg jcZ fjZhi^dc | Bdch^Zjg 9jXadh! fj¼Zhi"XZ fj¼^a eZchZ YZ idji XZaV 4 ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh 9^[ÄX^aZ YZ g edcYgZ | jcZ iZaaZ fjZhi^dc! Yj bd^ch Zc YZjm bdih! Bdc" h^Zjg <^abVc# ?Z Y^gV^h h^beaZbZci fjZ aZh h^ijVi^dch fj^ dci i kdfj Zh hdci ^Y VaZh# B^X]Za 8 i V Y^i / ® Deki" deki dÊWledi WkYkd fheXb c[ Wl[Y dei bki ¯ 0 Bdch^Zjg I]^a V Y^i / ® Deki" ed bW_ii[ \W_h[ dei Yedi[hlWj[khi$ ¯ 7dc! ^a c¼Zc Zhi eVh idj_djgh V^ch^# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji fjVcY b bZ aZ Y^gZ! ^a n V &&)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ } bW iY_[dY[ Å Z XWj

Vjhh^ YZh h^ijVi^dch YVch aZhfjZaaZh aZh ajh hdci ig h ZbWVggVhh h# Cdjh Zc Vkdch k XjZh eajh^Zjgh ^X^! cdiVbbZci jcZ d ! jc hd^g! jc XdbbVcYd Y¼Zm" ig bZ"Ygd^iZ Zhi Vgg^k ^X^ VkZX YZh bVcX]Zh YZ e^dX]Z edjg cdjh ^ciZgY^gZ jcZ Xdc[ gZcXZ hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc fj^ V Vjhh^ hjhX^i YZ aV eVgi Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼VhhdX^Vi^dch YZh XdciZhiVi^dch ig h [dgiZh Vjeg h YZh ajh# 8Zjm"X^ dci Zj a¼^ciZaa^\ZcXZ YZ g edcYgZ / ® xYekj[p" i_ W d[ leki fbW j fWi" Wbb[p ZedY h[dYedjh[h b[i ][di Zk Cki [ ZWkf^_de_i" _bi leki [nfb_gk[hedj Y[ gkÊ_bi edj \W_j$ ¯ =ZjgZjhZbZci! XZaV h¼Zhi eVhh V^ch^ bV^h VjgV^i ej hZ eVhhZg VjigZbZci! YVch aV bZhjgZ d XZh VhhdX^Vi^dch iV^Zci Zc igV^c YZ gZbZiigZ Zc fjZhi^dc aZh bdnZch fjZ cdjh VaadjV^i aV XdaaZXi^k^i ejWa^fjZ# 7gZ[! cdjh hdbbZh hdjkZci YVch aV edh^i^dc Y¼jc [jcVbWjaZ Zc igV^c Y¼ZhhVnZg YZ igdjkZg aZ Äa Zi Y¼n gZhiZg Zc fj^a^WgZ bV^h X¼Zhi hdjkZci XdbeaZmZ# =ZjgZjhZbZci cdjh Vkdch Zj aV X]VcXZ ^X^ Y¼Vkd^g YZh ajh! XdbbZ 7ZgcVgY <^abVc cdiVbbZci! fj^ dci hj hdjiZc^g | [dcY XZh VXi^dch Zi cdjh eZgbZiigZ YZ egZcYgZ YZh g^hfjZh# 6cYg 9ZhkVaa Zh ?jhiZ jcZ fjZhi^dc ig h gVe^YZ! edjg egdadc\Zg aZh YZjm g edchZh YZ ?ZVc 9VkVaadc Zi YZ B^X]Za 8 i # Dc eVgaV^i VjigZ[d^h YZ a¼]dbbZ"dgX]ZhigZ! aV g edchZ X¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ jcZ fjZhi^dc Y¼Z[[ZXi^[# >a n V ^X^ YZh \Zch Ydci aZh fj^eZh hdci Y¼jcZ XZciV^cZ Y¼V\Zcih! ^a n V Vjhh^ YZh \Zch fj^ gZeg hZciZci YZh bjh Zh d ^ah hdci YZjm# >a cZ [Vji eVh djWa^Zg fjZ WZVjXdje YZ bjh Zh hdci c h Y¼jcZ eZghdccZ# EVg gVeedgi | a¼VjigZ egdWa bZ! XZaj^ YZ a¼ ijYZ YZh dW_Zih dj YZh XdaaZXi^dch! X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ Y¼jcZ eVgi aV Y^hX^ea^cZ V eZgYj hdc ^ci g i edjg aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ bV^h ^a c¼n V eVh YZ hjeedgi# AZ egdWa bZ Zhi a|! X¼Zhi fjZ h^ ij ejWa^Zh jcZ ijYZ YZh dW_Zih YVch jcZ gZkjZ YZ aV Y^hX^" ea^cZ! ij cZ kVh eVh igZ gZ j Zi h^ ij ejWa^Zh YVch jcZ gZkjZ XdbbZ aV gZkjZ Yj AdjkgZ! ij kVh igZ VXXjZ^aa^ bV^h ij c¼VjgVh eVh a¼ZmeZgi^hZ# :i ÄcVaZbZci ij cZ hZgVh eVh gZXdccj YVch iV Y^hX^ea^cZ# BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^ ?jhiZ jcZ eZi^iZ gZbVgfjZ eVgXZ fj¼dc eVgaV^i XZ bVi^c ® ed [ij jeki l_[kn _Y_" bW fbkfWhj ¯ Zi _Z kdjYgV^h Äc^g hjg XZiiZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aV gZX]ZgX]Z [V^iZ Vj bjh Z Zi aZh cdjkZaaZh \ c gVi^dch! eVgXZ fj¼dc V [V^i jcZ eZi^iZ gZX]ZgX]Z XZiiZ Vcc Z fj^ b¼V cdgb bZci bVgfj Z# Dc Zhi Vaa YZbVcYZg Vjm _ZjcZh ZchZ^\cVcih Zc [dgbVi^dc YVch aZh >j[b XZ fj¼^ah ViiZcYV^Zci YZh bjh Zh edjg [dgbZg aZjgh a kZh | YZh fjZhi^dch YZ hdX^ i ! | YZh fjZhi^dch YZ Y WVi! Zc fjd^ ^ah XdbeiV^Zci hjg aZh bjh Zh 4 Dc iV^i kgV^bZci ig h Y j eVg aZh g hja" iVih! dc ViiZcYV^i fjVh^bZci idjh aZh _ZjcZh ZchZ^\cVcih# Dc aZjg Y^hV^i / ® CW_i ZWdi kd _cW]_dW_h[ fWh\W_j" kd [di[_]d[c[dj h l " gkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ leki \W_j[i Wl[Y b[i cki [i 5 ¯ :] W^Zc aV g edchZ V i / ® Ed d[ \W_j h_[d fWhY[ gk[ b[i cki [i d[ fWhj_# Y_f[dj fWi } bÊ bWXehWj_ed Z[i fhe]hWcc[i" fWhY[ gk[ b[i cki [i d[ iedj fWi b[i b_[kn ''+

e i[ \W_j bW YeddW_iiWdY[ [j gkÊed W h_[d } \W_h[ Wl[Y Z[i b_[kn e bW YeddW_iiWdY[ dÊ[ij fWi \W_j[ fekh gkÊed lWbk[ dei YWhh_ h[i" bW YeddW_iiWdY[ ed bW fh[dZ fWh hWf# fehj Wkn fhe]hWcc[i" b[ cki [ YÊ[ij fWi b} e [ij bW YeddW_iiWdY[" bW YeddW_iiWdY[ YÊ[ij bÊkd_l[hi_j ¯! V X¼Zhi YVch a¼^bV\^cV^gZ YZh [jijgh ZchZ^\cVcih#

IVWaZ gdcYZ ' AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj eda^i^fjZ

AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj eda^i^fjZ

C

dbWgZ YZ bjh Zh Yd^kZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ hdjbZiigZ aZjg egd\gVbbVi^dc | aZjg ijiZaaZ Zi h¼Zm XjiZg! eVg[d^h! | aV hj^iZ YZ hZh YZbVcYZh# 8ZiiZ gZaVi^dc

cdjkZaaZ Vj edjkd^g Zhi"ZaaZ XdbeVi^WaZ VkZX a¼^cY eZcYVcXZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Ydci a¼ fj^eZ Yj bjh Z Yd^i Y^hedhZg 4

BdY gViZjg / B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ 8dchZgkViZjg \ c gVa Yj eVig^bd^cZ! Y^gZXiZjg Yj bjh Z YZh 8^k^a^hVi^dch YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi YZ aV B Y^iZggVc Z

FjZafjZh Wg kZh eVgdaZh Y¼^cigdYjXi^dc# 8¼Zhi! | a¼ k^YZcXZ! jcZ eZch Z eda^i^fjZ fj^ eg h^YZ | aV Y X^h^dc eVg 8daWZgi YZ eg aZkZg YVch aZh XdaaZXi^dch gdnVaZh fjZafjZh ¶jkgZh edjg aZh bdcigZg Vj eZjeaZ# :i hdc egdedh Zhi XaV^g / X¼Zhi jc Y^hXdjgh YZ eVgiV\Z! X¼Zhi jc Y^hXdjgh hdX^Va! X¼Zhi Y _| jc Y^hXdjgh YZh Ajb^ gZh# BV^h XZaV cZ YjgZgV eVh° >a [VjYgV ViiZcYgZ aV G kdaji^dc / XdbbZci edjggV^i cZ eVh igZ egd" [dcY bZci eda^i^fjZ aV Y X^h^dc iZaaZbZci Y^[ÄX^aZ YZ aV 8dckZci^dc!

Vj iZgbZ YZ Y WVih fj¼^a [Vji gZa^gZ! Y¼VhhjgZg aV XdchZgkVi^dc Yj eVig^" bd^cZ cVi^dcVa edjg aZ bdcigZg! Vjm Äch Y¼ YjXVi^dc Yj eZjeaZ! YVch aZh \gVcYZh ^chi^iji^dch fj^ kdci [dcYZg aZh eg^cX^eVjm bjh Zh cVi^d" cVjm 4 AZ bjh Z Zhi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci jcZ ^chi^iji^dc hdX^VaZ ^che^g Z eVg aZ eda^i^fjZ Zc iVci fjZ bdYVa^i iZX]c^fjZ! YVch aZh wiVih"cVi^dch!

YZ aV kdadci YZ k^kgZ ZchZbWaZ dj YZ iZciZg YZ aZ [V^gZ Zc eV^m Zi Zc h Xjg^i # EVgiV\Z Yj hVkd^g! eVgiV\Z Yj eVhh · ® bÊ^_ije_h[ [ij b[ fh i[dj Zk fWii ¯ Y^i hV^ci 6j\jhi^c · dc kd^i W^Zc aZ XVgVXi gZ bVc^eja ! ^chigj" bZciVa^h YZ XZiiZ cdi^dc Yj eVhh ! eVgiV\Z Yj \d i Zc iVci fjZ egZh" Xg^eiZjg Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji YZ XdbedgiZbZci# Idji XZX^ V jcZ ÄcV" a^i # 8¼Zhi aV Xdc\gjZcXZ hdX^VaZ! a¼^ci \gVi^dc YZh b^cdg^i h! Zi b bZ aV g eVgVi^dc! aV gZhi^iji^dc YZ aV Y^\c^i Zi X¼Zhi YVch XZiiZ XVi \dg^Z fjZ _Z eaVXZgV^h! VkZX YZh [dgijcZh Y^[[ gZciZh · a¼VkZc^g cdjh bdcigZgV XZ fj¼^a Zc g hjaiZgV · aZ bjh Z Yj FjV^ 7gVcan! kdjaj eVg aZ eg X " YZci eg h^YZci YZ aV G ejWa^fjZ! B# ?VXfjZh 8]^gVX! XdbbZ jc VXiZ YZ gZXdccV^hhVcXZ YZ aV Y^\c^i YZ eZjeaZh cV\j gZ Xdadc^h h! _jhiZbZci ''/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YVch jc eVnh fj^ V ej^hhVbbZci Xdcig^Wj | a¼VWda^g# AV 8^i cVi^d" cVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! B# ?VXfjZh IdjWdc Zc eVgaZgV W^Zc h g! VeeVgi^Zci | XZiiZ XVi \dg^Z YZ b bZ fjZ aV bV^hdc YZh 8^k^a^hV" i^dch Zi YZ a¼Jc^i g jc^dccV^hZ! edjg egZcYgZ jc VjigZ ZmZbeaZ ad^c YZ aV b igdedaZ bV^h Y¼jc Zmig bZ ^ci g i YVch hdc ZheVXZ YZ Xg d" a^i edjg aZ Y^hXdjgh eda^i^fjZ fj^ aZ hdjh"iZcY# :i b bZ! _Z aZ X^iZ" gV^ Zc YZgc^Zg! bV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ eajh ad^\c YZ bdc X¶jg! aZ bjh Z YZh 6gih Zi IgVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh · ® aZh 6ie ¯ ·! Xg eVg G^k^ gZ | a¼ edfjZ · ^a eVgV i fjZ XZaV [V^i jc eZj g^c\VgY YZ cdh _djgh bV^h _Z aZ gVeeZaaZ! Yj ;gdci edejaV^gZ! YZ ?ZVc OVn! YZ Y^g^\ZVcih eda^i^fjZh fj^ kdjaV^Zci YdccZg jcZ a^h^W^a^i | YZh XjaijgZh fj^ c¼ iV^Zci eVh Xdch^" Y g Zh XdbbZ Y^\cZh! YVch hV igVch[dgbVi^dc! Vj_djgY¼]j^! Zc bjh Z YZh 8^k^a^hVi^dch YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi YZ aV B Y^iZggVc Z# 8Vg jcZ g ÅZm^dc hjg XZ fjZ X¼Zhi fjZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ Vj hZ^c b bZ YZ cdh k^aaZh! YVch jcZ eZgheZXi^kZ cdc eVh YZ h^beaZ ^ci \gVi^dc bV^h YZ Xdbeg " ]Zch^dc bjijZaaZ Zi YZ k^Z Zc eV^m! Vc^bZ \VaZbZci XZ egd_Zi# ;VXZ | XZiiZ k^h^dc eda^i^fjZ! aZ bjh Z Zhi W^Zc h g jc a^Zj YZ hVkd^g! YZ iVmd" cdb^Z! YZ XdbeVgVi^hbZ! Y¼dW_ZXi^kVi^dc! YZ gZ[gd^Y^hhZbZci! Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ bVc^ gZ! YZ b bd^gZh ^gg^i Zh Zi hdjkZci WaZhh Zh# BV^h X¼Zhi Vjhh^! Zi eVg XZaV b bZ! jc a^Zj Yj Y gVc\ZbZci! Vj hZch egdegZ YZ Y " gVc\ZbZci! Zi Yj Y WVi 0 Zi XZ Y WVi V a^Zj Zc hdc hZ^c Zi Zc YZ]dgh YZ aj^! dc aZ kd^i eVg ZmZbeaZ! YZ bVc^ gZ heZXiVXjaV^gZ! YVch aZh eg^hZh YZ edh^i^dc g XZciZh Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼]^hidg^Zch Yj Xdb^i hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ YZ aV 8c]^# ;^cVaZbZci YdcX! a¼VXi^dc Yj bjh Z hZ igdjkZ ^chXg^iZ ZcigZ YZjm edaVg^i h fj^ eZjkZci [VX^aZbZci hZ igdjkZg Zc XdcigVY^Xi^dc# 9¼jc X i ! jcZ c XZhh^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fj^ hZ igVYj^i eVg YZh X]d^m dg^Zci h! eda^i^fjZh! YZ XdaaZXiZ! Y¼ ijYZ! Y¼Zmedh^i^dc! YZ b Y^Vi^dc# :i ej^h! YZ a¼VjigZ X i ! jcZ edaVg^i eda^i^fjZ! aZ X]d^m ^chi^iji^dccZa! XZaj^ YZh dW_Zih fj¼dc V[[ZXiZ! aV bVc^ gZ Ydci dc aZh igV^iZ Zi Ydci dc aZh ^chXg^i YVch jc egd\gVbbZ fj^ Zhi hdjb^h YZ [V dc g \ja^ gZ | a¼VeegdWVi^dc dj | aV k g^ÄXVi^dc YZh X^idnZch! eVg aZh Y^[[ gZcih c^kZVjm Y¼ aZXi^dch# 8Zh YZjm edaVg^i h hdci Vjhh^ a \^i^bZh a¼jcZ fjZ a¼VjigZ# AZ hX^Zci^" ÄfjZ | a¼ k^YZcXZ! eVgXZ fjZ hVch ZhhV^ Y¼dW_ZXi^kVi^dc ^a c¼n V eVh YZ bjh Z c^ YZ Y WVi! Va^bZci YZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z# :i ej^h W^Zc h g aZ eda^" i^fjZ / XdbbZci edjggV^i"dc dg\Vc^hZg aV Y bdXgVi^Z hVch XVeVX^i ! edjg XZjm fjZ aZ hj[[gV\Z jc^kZghZa Y h^\cZ Vjm edhiZh YZ gZhedchVW^" a^i ! YZ bZiigZ Zc VXXdgY aZjg VXi^dc hjg aZ g Za VkZX aV kdadci edej" aV^gZ! Zi YZ igVch[dgbZg XZ g Za YVch aZ hZch YZ aZjgh egd\gVbbZh 4 8ZeZcYVci aV Y bdXgVi^Z! h^ ZaaZ ^bea^fjZ aZ gZheZXi Yj X]d^m bV_d" g^iV^gZ! Zm^\Z Vjhh^ YZ aV bV_dg^i aZ gZheZXi YZh de^c^dch b^cdg^iV^gZh! &'%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zi YZ idjh aV eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ YZ a¼ZmeZgi^hZ# :i XZiiZ g \aZ ^cigdYj^i eZji" igZ jcZ edhh^W^a^i i] dg^fjZ YZ YdccZg jcZ a \^i^b^i Zi YZh g \aZh Vj XdcÅ^i fj^ Zm^hiZ Zi Zm^hiZgV [ViVaZbZci ZcigZ aZ eda^i^fjZ Zi aZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YVch aZ YdbV^cZ Yj bjh Z! Zi eajh aVg\ZbZci YZ aV XjaijgZ# 8dbbZci YdccZg idjiZ aZjg eaVXZ Vjm Y^[[ gZcih egdiV\dc^h" iZh hVch Y cVijgZg aZ Y WVi c^ a¼ZmZgX^XZ YZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z 4 IZaaZ Zhi aV fjZhi^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZ fj^ Yd^i \j^YZg cdh Y^hXjhh^dch XZ bVi^c# 6^ch^ edjggdch"cdjh eZji" igZ VeZgXZkd^g fjZafjZh hdaji^dch hjg YZh bdYV" a^i h Y¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc ^chi^iji^dccZaaZh fj^ | bdc hZch gZhiZci | igdj" kZg YVch jc eVnh XdbbZ aZ c igZ edjg cZ eVgaZg fjZ YZ aj^# ?Z cZ bZ eZgbZiigV^h eVh Y¼Vkd^g jc Vk^h igVcX] hjg Y¼VjigZh eVnh! _Z XdccV^h b^Zjm XZaj^"a| 0 bV^h _¼dWhZgkZ ^X^ dj a| fjZafjZh Vei^ijYZh | aV ida " gVcXZ dj | a¼^cida gVcXZ! hjg aZ hj_Zi fj^ cdjh dXXjeZ! ig h kVg^VWaZh YVch aZ bdcYZ# AZ g aZ he X^ÄfjZ YZh egd[Zhh^dccZah! aV bVc^ gZ Ydci XZh YZgc^Zgh Y WViiZci! igVchbZiiZci aZh g hjaiVih YZ aZjgh g ÅZm^dch! aZh higjXijgZh cdc eVh h^beaZbZci VYb^c^higVi^kZh bV^h XjaijgZa" aZh · _Z Y^h idj_djgh fjZ a¼6Yb^c^higVi^dc Zhi Vj hZgk^XZ YZh X^idnZch Zi cdc eVh a¼^ckZghZ! h^cdc ZaaZ ZmX YZ aZ Ygd^i fj^ Zc [dcYZ a¼Vjidg^i ! Vj g^hfjZ YZ hZ Y^hfjVa^ÄZg ZaaZ"b bZ · / ^a [Vji igdjkZg YZh [dgbjaVi^dch _jg^Y^fjZh eZgbZiiVci Vj Y WVi Y bdXgVi^fjZ hjg aZ bjh Z Y¼Vkd^g a^Zj# :i _Z kdjYgV^h Y^gZ Zc eVhhVci! bV^h ^a h¼V\^i edjg bd^ Y¼jcZ kd" aji^dc eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVc\ZgZjhZ! fjZ a¼jc YZh bdnZch Y idjgc h VXijZaaZbZci | a¼¶jkgZ edjg [V^gZ kdajZg aZh bjh Zh hZadc jcZ dg^Zc" iVi^dc eda^i^fjZ jc^kdfjZ Zi a iVaZ edjg aV hX^ZcXZ! X¼Zhi k^YZbbZci a¼Zmig bZ bVgX]VcY^hVi^dc! aZ eg^bVi YZ aV \Zhi^dc ÄcVcX^ gZ Zi aV gZa^\^dc YZ aV ® gZciVW^a^i ¯! fjZ a¼dc iZcY | ^bedhZg | YZh ^chi^iji^dch fj^ edjg a¼ZhhZci^Za YZkgV^Zci ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci igZ h^cdc Y iVX] Zh YZh Xdci^c\ZcXZh ÄcVcX^ gZh · VjXjcZ cZ eZji eg iZcYgZ a¼ igZ ·! Yj bd^ch _j\ Zh Vjhh^ hZadc aZh VjigZh Xg^i gZh ZhhZci^Zah YZ a¼VXi^dc ejWa^" fjZ fj¼^bea^fjZ a¼dW_ZXi^[ g ejWa^XV^c YZ a¼Z[ÄXVX^i hdX^VaZ# AZ hnh" i bZ fjZ _Z Y cdcXZ VkZX [dgXZ Xdcig^WjZ | Y kZadeeZg Y gV^hdccV" WaZbZci aZh \gVcYh Vj Y ig^bZci YZh eZi^ih! EVg^h Vj Y ig^bZci YZ ® aV egdk^cXZ ¯! Zi VXXgd i Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ! | a¼deedh YZ hdc dW_ZXi^[ ZhhZc" i^Za! a¼^c \Va^i YZh X^idnZch YZkVci aV XjaijgZ# 6eg h XZh fjZafjZh eVgdaZh ^cigdYjXi^kZh! cdjh Vaadch ZhhVnZg YZ Y WViigZ YVch aZh Y aV^h fj^ dci i egZhXg^ih! bVa\g a¼VbeaZjg Yj hj_Zi# ² aV iVWaZ YZh ^ciZgkZcVcih! Ydci XZgiV^ch hdci Y _| YZ kdjh Xdccjh# BbZ <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg! egd[ZhhZjg Y¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼Vgi | a¼jc^kZgh^i iZX]c^fjZ YZ 7Zga^c! V aVg\ZbZci eVga ]^Zg# Kdjh VkZo Y _| Zj a¼dXXVh^dc Y¼ZciZcYgZ B# <jn HVZo! Y^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vj 8cgh | <gZcdWaZ# B# >kVc GZcVg! h cViZjg Yj CdgY! k^XZ"eg h^YZci YZ '('

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

aV Xdbb^hh^dc YZh 6[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh Yj H cVi! egZcY jcZ eVgi ig h VXi^kZ! Vj c^kZVj eVgaZbZciV^gZ! Vj Y WVi hjg aV XjaijgZ Zi hjg aZ eVig^" bd^cZ! Zi eajh eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci hjg aZh bjh Zh / hdc ^ciZgkZci^dc hZgV YdcX edjg cdjh Zmig bZbZci ^bedgiVciZ edjg YdccZg aZ ed^ci YZ kjZ Yj eda^i^fjZ! Zi Y¼jc eda^i^fjZ Zc\V\ # :cÄc B# ?VXfjZh IdjWdc! eg h^YZci YZ aV 8c]^! fjZ _Z c¼V^ eVh WZhd^c YZ kdjh eg hZciZg! kV cdjh gZ_d^cYgZ# AV eVgdaZ Zhi | <jn HVZo#

AV [dcXi^dc eda^i^fjZ Yj bjh Z YVch aV X^i <jn HVZo 9^gZXiZjg YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Vj 8cgh"EVXiZ! >chi^iji Y¼ ijYZh eda^i^fjZh YZ <gZcdWaZ

Dc b¼V YdcX YZbVcY YZ igV^iZg Yj i] bZ YZ aV [dcXi^dc eda^" i^fjZ Yj bjh Z Zi XdbbZ _Z hj^h ^cXdchX^Zci Zi hVch YdjiZ Vjhh^ jc eZj cV [! _¼V^ VXXZei # ?¼V^ VXXZei Vadgh fjZ aV fjZhi^dc V i aVg\ZbZci YdXjbZci Z! fjZafjZ[d^h bV\^higVaZbZci# ?Z [V^h g [ gZcXZ ^X^ Vjm igV" kVjm W^Zc Xdccjh YZ 9db^c^fjZ Edjadi! fj^ [ji egd[ZhhZjg YVch cdigZ jc^kZgh^i ! Zi ej^h idji jc ZchZbWaZ YZ igVkVjm idji | [V^i ^ci gZhhVcih! cdiVbbZci Vjhh^ YZ i] hZh YZ _ZjcZh YdXiZjgh! ^a n Zc V YVch aV hVaaZ! _Z kdjYgV^h X^iZg aZ ig h WZVj igVkV^a Y¼>hVWZaaZ 7Zcd i hjg aV XdchigjXi^dc YZ a¼^YZci^i eda^i^fjZ VaaZbVcYZ | igVkZgh aZ XVh YZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ eda^i^fjZ# Dj aZ igVkV^a YZ BVg^Z"6ccZ <j g^c hjg aV XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jcZ ^YZci^i g \^dcVaZ | igVkZgh aZh eda^i^fjZh eVig^bdc^VaZh YVch aZ KVaV^h! aZ KVa Y¼6dhiZ Zi aV HVkd^Z# 9dcX kdjh kdnZo! XZ hdci YZh igVkVjm! jc ZchZbWaZ YZ igVkVjm ^bedgiVcih Zi dc bZ YZbVcYZ YZ igV^iZg h^b" eaZbZci YZ aV [dcXi^dc eda^i^fjZ Yj bjh Z# 6adgh edjg h^bea^ÄZg aZh X]dhZh! _Z kV^h Y¼VWdgY eVgaZg YZh [dcXi^dch eda^i^fjZh YZh bjh Zh# :c g Va^i ! cdc! _Z cZ kV^h eVh eVgaZg YZh bjh Zh! XZ hZgV^i igde Xdbea^fj ! _Z kdjh aV^hhZgV^ | X]VfjZ [d^h kd^g YVch fjZa ineZ YZ bjh Z bZh egd" edh [dci g [ gZcXZ# :c gZkVcX]Z _Z kV^h ZhhVnZg YZ igV^iZg YZh [dcXi^dch eda^i^fjZ YZh bjh Zh X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YZ igd^h ineZh YZ gVeedgih Vj eda^i^" fjZ fj¼ZcigZi^ZccZci aZh bjh Zh! Zc ZhhVnVci Y¼VaaZg Yj eajh \ c gVa Vj eajh XdcXgZi! Zi Zc edhVci | X]VfjZ [d^h jcZ fjZhi^dc! jcZ fjZhi^dc | aVfjZaaZ k^YZbbZci _Z cZ kV^h eVh g edcYgZ ej^hfjZ _Z kdjh aV a^kgZ edjg aZ Y WVi# 8Z hdci XZh igd^h fjZhi^dch fj^ Vj_djgY¼]j^ higjXijgZci aZh ^ciZggd\Vi^dch fjZ a¼dc eZji Vkd^g hjg XZh gVeedgih ZcigZ eda^i^fjZ Zi bjh Z# 9¼VWdgY _Z cZ gZk^ZcYgV^ eVh hjg XZ fjZ k^Zci YZ Y^gZ B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ! fj^ Zhi idji | [V^i XaV^g Zi ^a [Vji hZ gZcYgZ XdbeiZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh hdci jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XZcigVaZ Yj eda^i^fjZ# Dc Y Äc^i hdjkZci &''

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

a¼ZhhZcXZ Yj eda^i^fjZ XdbbZ aZ bdcdedaZ YZ aV k^daZcXZ a \^i^bZ! X a WgZ Y Äc^i^dc YZ BVm LZWZg! X¼Zhi jcZ Y Äc^i^dc idji | [V^i ^chV" i^h[V^hVciZ | bdc hZch# :c Z[[Zi! aV XdchigjXi^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ Zi YZ a¼dg" \Vc^hVi^dc eda^i^fjZ! YZ a¼Zci^i eda^i^fjZ! YZ aV XdbbjcVji eda^i^" fjZ! X¼Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ WZVjXdje eajh hjWi^a# vV [V^i g [ gZcXZ | igd^h ^chi^iji^dch# 8Zh igd^h ^chi^iji^dch hdci aZ bjh Z! aZ gZXZchZbZci! aV XVgid\gVe]^Z# 8Z hdci XZh igd^h ^chi^iji^dch fj^ hdci ZhhZci^ZaaZh | aV a \^i^b^i eda^i^fjZ# AZ bjh Z edjg gVhhZbWaZg! egdi \Zg! ^ciZgeg iZg Zi Xdbbjc^fjZg aZh hnbWdaZh YZ aV cVi^dc# 8¼Zhi aV Y^bZch^dc hnb" Wda^fjZ YZ a¼^YZci^i # AZ gZXZchZbZci edjg iVWa^g aV Y^bZch^dc hdX^d" ad\^fjZ YZ a¼^YZci^i ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XVi \dg^hZg aZh ^cY^k^Yjh Zc \gdjeZ! ZcigZ cdjh Zi aZh VjigZh! Viig^WjZg YZh Ygd^ih Y^[[ gZcX^ h Vjm ^cY^k^Yjh# AV XVgid\gVe]^Z edjg iVWa^g \ d\gVe]^fjZbZci aZh Y a^b^iVi^dch Yj iZgg^id^gZ! [V^gZ YZ XZh a^\cZh hjg aZ eVe^Zg jcZ gZeg hZciVi^dc bZciVaZ YZ aV EVig^Z# Dc eZchZ ^X^ k^YZbbZci | a¼=ZmV\dcZ! | aV 7diiZ ^iV" a^ZccZ dj | aV gZeg hZciVi^dc YZh 6b g^XV^ch ® 9eWij je 9eWij ¯# 8dbbZciVci aZ bjh Z Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZ YZ Hea^i Vj iZbeh YZ a¼Zm" Ndj\dhaVk^Z! jc dWhZgkViZjg Y^hV^i / ® Kd[ Y_hYkbW_h[ ikh b[ dekl[Wk cki [ fh Y_i[ gk[ jekj[i b[i hWY[i [j jekj[i b[i Ykbjkh[i gk_ edj Yedjh_Xk } \ehc[h b[i YecckdWkj i ZWbcWj[i o i[hedj h[fh i[dj [i 1 b[i cki [i oek]eibWl[i j ce_]d[dj ZÊkd[ ]hWdZ[ WZh[ii[ ZWdi bÊkj_b_iWj_ed Z[i YWhj[i" iY^ cWi Z[i cWgk[jj[i [j Z[i f^eje]hWf^_[i$ ¯ Dc aZ kd^i ^X^! aZh igd^h ^chi^iji^dch YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ hdci Xdckdfj Zh# AZ gZXZchZbZci 0 aZh gVXZh Zi aZh XjaijgZh 0 aV XVgid\gVe]^Z# :i idji XZaV | a¼^ci g^Zjg Yj bjh Z# 9dcX aZ bjh Z Zhi eda^i^fjZ Zc XZ fj¼^a eVgi^X^eZ | aV Y Äc^i^dc Y¼jcZ XdaaZXi^k^i ]jbV^cZ Zi | aV XdchigjXi^dc Yj hnhi bZ Y¼dg\Vc^" hVi^dc eda^i^fjZ Ydci ZaaZ hZ YdiZ# >a eVgi^X^eZ | bZiigZ YZ a¼dgYgZ YVch a¼^bWgd\a^d XjaijgZa Zi bdi^dccZa YZ aV XdaaZXi^k^i ! ^a Zc ^chi^iji^dc" cVa^hZ aZh gZeg hZciVi^dch# 8¼Zhi edjgfjd^ dc a¼V hdjkZci XVgVXi g^h XdbbZ aZ iZbeaZ Yj g X^i cVi^dcVa# AZ bjh Z gVXdciZ jcZ ]^hid^gZ! aZ gdbVc YZh ;gVc V^h# :i ^a eZji aj^"b bZ hZ eg hZciZg XdbbZ a¼VX" iZjg! XZaj^ fj^ Xg^i XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ · _Z [V^h g [ gZcXZ ^X^ | jcZ [VbZjhZ Zmedh^i^dc YZ &.-( fj^ h¼^ci^ijaV^i ® AZ GdbVc YZh <gZcdWad^h ¯# A¼]^h" id^gZ fj^ Zhi gVXdci Z V YZh a^Zch eajh dj bd^ch XaV^gh VkZX XZ fj^ hZgV^i jcZ ]^hid^gZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ dj dW_ZXi^kZ# :aaZ eZji! XdbbZ aZ Y^i =dWh" WVlb! igZ jcZ ^ckZci^dc YZ aV igVY^i^dc# :aaZ eZji igZ \VaZbZci X]Vc\ZVciZ# ?Z gZk^Zch | XZi ZmZbeaZ Yj bjh Z YZ Hea^i# H^ kdjh a¼Vk^Zo k^h^i Vj iZbeh YZ a¼Zm"Ndj\dhaVk^Z! kdjh Vjg^Zo dWhZgk fjZ aZ bjh Z cZ YdccV^i | kd^g fjZ a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci YZh HaVkZh Yj HjY YVch XZiiZ g \^dc YZ aV 8gdVi^Z# H^ kdjh k^h^iZo Veg h &... aZ bjh Z YZ Hea^i! kdjh kZggZo fjZ aZh 8gdViZh hdci YZh AVi^ch! YZh X]g i^Zch idji | [V^i egdX]Zh '()

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YZ aZjgh Vb^h ^iVa^Zch Zi YdcX k^YZbbZci XVcY^YVih | a¼Jc^dc Zjgd" e ZccZ# AZ eVhh Zhi V^ch^ eVig^bdc^Va^h ! bjh d\gVe]^ ! Zi ^a i bd^" \cZ YZh kVaZjgh [dcYVbZciVaZh YZ aV CVi^dc fj^ eZjkZci igZ k^YZb" bZci X]Vc\ZVciZh YVch aZ iZbeh# 8dbbZ aZ Y^hV^i Zc &,.' aZ b^c^higZ YZ a¼>ci g^Zjg Y¼Vadgh! GdaVcY / ® ?b [ij bÊkd Z[i ceo[di b[i fbki fk_iiWdji ZÊ_bbkijh[h bW H fkXb_gk[ ¯ Zi YZ bVc^[ZhiZg! Y^gV jc VjigZ b^c^higZ! ® kd[ l_Yje_h[ ikh dei ehW][i _dj[ij_di [j ikh dei [dd[c_i Zk Z[^ehi ¯# 9dcX XdcXdgYZ Zi Y [ZchZ# ?¼Zc gZk^Zch Vadgh | bV egZb^ gZ fjZhi^dc# FjZ YZk^ZccZci XZh fjZhi^dch YVch aZ XdciZmiZ VXijZa fjZ _Z fjVa^ÄZgV^h YZ edhi"cVi^d" cVa 4 9Vch XZ XdciZmiZ VeeVgV^hhZci YZ cdjkZaaZh Zci^i h eda^i^fjZh! ^c[gV Zi hjegV" iVi^fjZh# EZji"dc gVWViigZ! eVg h^beaZ gV^hdccZbZci VcVad\^fjZ! aZh [dcXi^dch Xdchi^iji^kZh Ydci _Z k^Zch YZ [V^gZ iVi hjg aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh Zi dj hjg aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h hjegVcVi^dcVaZh XdbbZ a¼Jc^dc Zjgde ZccZ 4 6jigZbZci Y^i! eZji"dc hdjbZiigZ XZiiZ egdWa bVi^fjZ Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 4 EZji"dc aV hdjbZiigZ Vj bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ 4 9d^i"dc Zc [V^gZ jcZ higVi \^Z eda^i^fjZ Y¼V[ÄgbVi^dc ^YZci^iV^gZ 4 Kd^a| bV egZb^ gZ fjZhi^dc# 9Zjm^ bZ eaVc! eajh XdcXgZi hVch YdjiZ! X¼Zhi aZ gVeedgi Yj bjh Z | aV XdcÅ^XijVa^i eda^i^fjZ# Hdc edh^i^dccZbZci YVch XZh XdcÅ^ih Zhi aZ [V^i fj¼^a Zhi hdjkZci jc Zc_Zj YVch XZh XdcÅ^ih eda^i^fjZh# Dc eZji Zc [V^gZ ^X^ idjiZ jcZ inedad\^Z! _Z hj\\ gZ h^beaZbZci fjZafjZh ZmZbeaZh# 8¼Zhi ine^fjZbZci ^X^ aV fjZhi^dc fjZ edhZ B^X]Za 8daVg" YZaaZ YVch hdc Vgi^XaZ Yj CedZ[ Wbf_d [j h^eZWd_[d hjg aZ [djaVgY ^haV" b^fjZ | aV Äc YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc ^X^ b bZ! a¼Zmedh^i^dc | aV Y^[[ gZcXZ# 8¼Zhi Vjhh^ eajh \ c gVaZbZci idjiZh aZh ^ciZgVXi^dch! egZhh^dch! eda " b^fjZh fj^ dci Va^bZci XZh YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh aV X]gdc^fjZ# 9Zh [d^h aZh ZmZbeaZh hdci XdXVhhZh# EVg ZmZbeaZ / ® DXb_]Wj_ed Z[ Z fei[h kd YWh# j[b fh Y_iWdj gk[ B d_d[ W j kd Xekhh[Wk [j kd c[khjh_[h Z[ cWii[ ¯ h^ dc kZji ZmedhZg hV hiVijZ Vj bjh Z YZh IgVkV^aaZjgh YZ 8deZc]V\jZ# Bd^ch XdXVhhZh! idjh aZh hXVcYVaZh gZaVi^[h Vjm i] bZh edgi h eVg aZh Vgi^hiZh XdciZbedgV^ch cdiVbbZci YVch XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ Vjm wiVih" Jc^h aZh ® Yedjhel[hi[i ½! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aZh Y WVih hjg aZh fjZhi^dch YZ [dcY fjZ hdci aV W^dad\^Z! aV \ c i^fjZ! aZ \ZcgZ# :mZbeaZ Vjhh^ YdcX YZ aV bVc^ gZ Ydci dc igV^iZ aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ Xdadc^h h Zi Xdadc^hViZjgh# AZ \djkZgcZbZci XdchZgkViZjg VjhigVa^Zc V cdbb jcZ Xdbb^hh^dc Y¼Zcfj iZ edjg ZmVb^cZg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc Yj Bjh Z cVi^dcVa VjhigV" a^Zc fj^! Y¼Veg h aj^! [V^hV^i jcZ eaVXZ igde ^bedgiVciZ Vjm 6Wdg^\ " cZh YVch a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼6jhigVa^Z# 9 WVi YZ [dcY fjVci Vj hiViji YZh dW_Zih bdcig h Vj bjh Z Yj FjV^ 7gVcan · dc Zc V eVga # >X^ eZji" igZ jcZ VcZXYdiZ h^\c^ÄXVi^kZ# E^ZggZ <VjY^WZgi! fj^ [ji XdchZgkViZjg Yj &')

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

bjh Z YZ <gZcdWaZ! VkV^i bdci jcZ bV\c^ÄfjZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg a¼Vgi V[g^XV^c# :i ^a VkV^i Y^i | fjZafjZh"jch YZ XZh Vb^h / ® ;d h Wb_j b[i fbki X[Wkn cWigk[i W\h_YW_di" _bi iedj ZWdi bW h i[hl[" `[ d[ f[kn fWi b[i ced# jh[h$ ¯ 6adgh dc aZ egZhhV^i YZ aZh bdcigZg / ® Fekhgke_ jk d[ l[kn fWi b[i cedjh[h 5 ¯ Ej^h ÄcVaZbZci ^a cdjh V Y^i / ® @[ d[ f[kn fWi b[i cedjh[h fWhY[ gkÊ_bi dÊedj fWi j Z i[dle j i$ ¯ 7ZVjXdje dci g^ | XZiiZ edfjZ bV^h _Z eZchZ fj¼^a VkV^i eVg[V^iZbZci gV^hdc# :cÄc! XZX^ eZji Xjab^" cZg hjg aZh XdcÅ^ih ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm hjg aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV gZhi^iji^dc YZh dW_Zih gVeVig^ h XdbbZ Wji^c YZ \jZggZ dj eg^hZ Xdadc^VaZ# :c [V^i idji XZaV gZÅ iZ aV XdcÄVcXZ fjZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch bjh V" aZh dci jcZ XVeVX^i Y¼Vkd^g jc _j\ZbZci Y¼Vjidg^i ejWa^fjZ hjg aZh kVaZjgh fj^ hdci Zc Y WVi Zi aV XgdnVcXZ dj a¼^aajh^dc YZ a¼]dbbZ eda^" i^fjZ fj^ eZji ^cÅ X]^g Vj egdÄi! | hdc egdÄi! XZ Y WVi hjg aZh kVaZjgh k^V a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh VaZ# 8¼Zhi XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ a¼^chigjbZciVa^hV" i^dc# 8¼Zhi ^X^ bd^ XZ fjZ _¼VeeZaaZ aV bVaVY^Z ^c[Vci^aZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# 8ZiiZ egdeZch^dc | ^chigjbZciVa^hZg! | ^ciZgkZc^g YVch jc YdbV^cZ fj^ h¼Zhi Xdchigj^i hZh egdegZh g \aZh VjidcdbZh# Eg X^" h bZci bV YZjm^ bZ fjZhi^dc fjVci Vj X]Vc\ZbZci ^ciZgkZcj eVg gVeedgi | XZh VcVanhZh! X¼Zhi _jhiZbZci aV fjZhi^dc YZ XZ fj¼Zhi YZkZcjZ XZiiZ Vjidcdb^Z# 7^Zc ZciZcYj! dc V YZ aV g ej\cVcXZ YVch aZh b^a^Zjm XjaijgZah dj YVch aZh b^a^Zjm eda^i^fjZh! adghfj¼dc Zhi Y bdXgViZ eVg" [V^i! | ^ciZgkZc^g eda^i^fjZbZci YVch aZ YdbV^cZ Vgi^hi^fjZ! YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZh bjh Zh# BV^h Zhi"dc h g fjZ XZiiZ i] dg^Z bdYZgcZ YZ aV Y^[[ gZcX^Vi^dc YZh he] gZh Y¼VXi^k^i ! fjZ a¼dc Yd^i ZcXdgZ | LZWZg! hd^i W^Zc VYVei Z | jc bdcYZ edhibdYZgcZ d g \cZ aV XdbeaZm^i 4 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ d X]VXjc YZ hZh jc^kZgh Zhi Zc ZmeVch^dc Zi VhhjbZ aZh [dcXi^dch YZh VjigZh Vj ed^ci fjZ idji hZbWaZ hZ X]ZkVjX]Zg! hZ Y Y^[" [ gZcX^Zg# AZ bjh Z c¼Zhi eajh XZ a^Zj h eVg ! hVXg ! ZmdgW^iVci YZ aV k^Z hdX^VaZ# 9Vch WZVjXdje YZ XVh! ^a i] dg^hZ b bZ XZ gZ[jh# >a Zhi jc VXiZjg! ^a Zhi jc ^ciZgkZcVci hdX^Va! Xdcdb^fjZ! YjXVi^[! eda^i^fjZ# 8dbbZci eZji"^a VhhjgZg idjiZh XZh [dcXi^dch Y^[[ gZciZh Zi cdjkZaaZh edjg aj^ hVch ZcigZg Zc eZgbVcZcXZ YVch jc _Zj YZ c \dX^Vi^dch VkZX aZh VXiZjgh hdX^Vjm! YjXVi^[h Zi eda^i^fjZh VkZX aZhfjZah ^a [dgbZ jc g hZVj! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ VkZX aZhfjZah ^a Zhi eg^h YVch jcZ ^ciZgY eZcYVcXZ higjXijgZaaZ 4 FjZ kZji Y^gZ YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ aV X]VgiZ YZ Y dcidad" \^Z YZ a¼>Xdb 4 CZ [Vji"^a eVh aV id^aZiiZg 4 Igd^h^ bZ eaVc! idj_djgh eajh XdcXgZi# 8¼Zhi aZ eaVc Yj gVeedgi Yj bjh Z Vjm eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh# 8¼Zhi a| fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi ^c^i^ViZjg dj VXiZjg! dj eVgiZcV^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh bjh VaZh# A| Vjhh^ aZh ZmZbeaZh [d^hdccZci# ?Z bZ XdciZciZgV^ Y¼Zc YdccZg jc fj^ [V^i '(+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

a¼dW_Zi Y¼jc Y WVi Zmig bZbZci k^[! X¼Zhi XZaj^ YZ aV \gVij^i # >cYj" W^iVWaZbZci! X¼Zhi jc X]d^m YZ eda^i^fjZ ejWa^fjZ [dgi fjZ YZ Y X^" YZg Y¼^chiVjgZg aV \gVij^i # 8¼Zhi Vjhh^ jc X]d^m fj^! XdbbZ WZVjXdje YZ eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh! Zhi hdjkZci ^aa^h^WaZ# <gVij^i idiVaZ! eVgi^ZaaZ! bdYja Z! XZgiV^ch _djgh! edjg XZgiV^cZh XVi \dg^Zh YZ aV edejaVi^dc 4 8ZaV YZk^Zci iZaaZbZci Xdbea^fj fjZ XZaV YZk^Zci k^iZ jc egdWa bZ Y¼ZmeZgih# Ej^h jcZ fjZgZaaZ Y¼ZmeZgih ZcigZ XZjm Yj bVg`Zi^c\! YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# Ej^h jcZ fjZgZaaZ ZcigZ aZh g Va^hiZh! aZh egV\bVi^" fjZh! aZh ^Y Va^hiZh# 6adgh fjZ XZaV YZkgV^i igZ jcZ bZhjgZ eda^i^fjZ k^YZciZ! XaV^gZ Zi a^h^WaZ eVg aV edejaVi^dc# 8¼Zhi 7ZVjWdjg\ fj^ VkV^i Ydcc aZ idc Zc ^ckZciVci jcZ ^c\ c^ZjhZ ^c\ c^Zg^Z iVg^[V^gZ! b aVci aZh eg^cX^eZh YZ aV eda^i^fjZh YZh ejWa^Xh Yj Ice YZ K^aVg VkZX XZjm Yj bVg`Zi^c\ XjaijgZa fj¼^a V Xdcig^Wj | Xg Zg Zi | Y^[[jhZg# AZ egd" Wa bZ Zhi dc cZ eZji eajh XgjX^Va# N V"i"^a jc bdnZc YZ aZkZg aZh dWhiV" XaZh | a¼VXX h Yj ejWa^X aZ eajh kVhiZ Vjm W^Zch XjaijgZah 4 AV \gVij^i eZji"ZaaZ Vkd^g jc Z[[Zi hjg aZ igde [ViVa X]ZX YZ aV Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ 4 Idji Vjhh^ XgjX^VaZh hdci aZh g Va^i h Yj ÄcVcXZbZci Yj bjh Z# 9Vch aZh Vcc Zh -% Zi Vj Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh .%! dc eZchV^i fjZ aZh bjh Zh YZkV^Zci eaji i gZ\VgYZg YZ eajh Zc eajh kZgh aZh hdjgXZh YZ ÄcVcXZbZci eg^k ! Vkd^g jcZ Xa^Zci aZ egdhe gZ eaji i fjZ YZ Y eadnZg YZh Z[[dgih Zc kjZ YZ Y kZadeeZbZci idjh Vo^bjih Ydci aZ gZcYZbZci hZgV^i [V^WaZ# 6j ed^ci d a¼dc Zc Zhi! aZh YZgc^ gZh ijYZh bdcigZci! _Z X^iZ / ® B[ Z_iYekhi Z[i WYj[khi Z[i feb_j_gk[i fkXb_gk[i W\ÓY^[ YbW_h[c[dj b[i c[ikh[i Z[ ]hWjk_j Yecc[ bÊ[nfh[ii_ed Z[ fWhjW][h bW Ykbjkh[ iWdi bW h[Yed# dW jh[ d_ bW ] h[h Yecfb j[c[dj Yecc[ kd[ WYj_ed#fh_n ¯! XZX^ YVch jc a^kgZ fj^ k^Zci YZ eVgV igZ hjg aV \gVij^i YVch aZh bjh Zh# 6jigZbZci Y^i! a¼ZmeZgi Y^i Vjhh^ Vj gZhedchVWaZ eda^i^fjZ fj¼^a V idji [Vjm! eVg ^\cdgVcXZ dj eVg X X^i ^Y dad\^fjZ# 9^i VjigZbZci ZcXdgZ! _Z X^iZ / ® BW ]hWjk_j } bÊ[djh [ dÊ[ij ZedY fWi b[ fheXb c[$ ½ :ciZcYZo ® Y[ dÊ[ij fWi dejh[ fheXb c[ ZÊ[nf[hj cW_i Y[bk_ Z[i c YWd_ic[i Yecfb[n[i ZÊ_cfb_YWj_ed" ZÊ_d# j h j" Z[ h[Yekhi Wkn Zhe_ji gk_ iedj lejh[ fheXb c[ ¯! aZ egdWa bZ YZh ajh# BV igd^h^ bZ fjZhi^dc hZgV _jhiZbZci | egdedh YZ XZ bdi Y¼Zm" eZgi# 8dbbZci hZ [V^i aZ eVgiV\Z ZcigZ a¼ZmeZgi Zi aZ eda^i^fjZ! eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi W^Zc XdbbZ XZaV fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ dc hZ edh^i^dccZ Vj hZ^c YZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh# 8¼Zhi W^Zc a¼ZmeZgi^hZ fj^ Zhi Zc _Zj XdbbZ gZh" hdjgXZ YZ Y X^h^dc Zi XdbbZ dg^ZciVi^dc YZ XZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh# Dc XdbegZcYgV Vadgh edjgfjd^ XZgiV^ch ajh X]ZgX]Zci | aZjg idjg | hZ Xdchi^ijZg YZh Xdbe iZcXZh Y¼ZmeZgi^hZ edjg aZh ji^a^hZg Zchj^iZ! hd^i [VXZ | Y¼VjigZh ajh · ^a Zhi bV^ciZcVci idjiZ jcZ ]^ gVgX]^Z ^ck^" h^WaZ YZh ajh hZadc aZjg YdiVi^dc Zc ZmeZgi^hZ eVg gVeedgi | aV edej" aVi^dc! eVg gVeedgi | aZjgh [dcXi^dccV^gZh# HZ [V^i _djg ^X^ XdbbZ YVch &'+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Y¼VjigZh YdbV^cZh jcZ eda^i^hVi^dc YZ a¼ZmeZgi! | fjd^ g edcY jcZ ZmeZgi^hVi^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ# 6adgh XdbbZci eZji"dc XdcXajgZ | eVgi^g YZ XZh igd^h a bZcih YZ X]Vc\ZbZci 4 ?Z Y^gV^h fjZ eVg gVeedgi | XZh igd^h egdWa bVi^fjZh! kdjh VkZo k^YZbbZci YZh kdaji^dch kd^gZ YZh gjeijgZh# ?Z cZ hj^h eajh h g fjZ aZ bjh Z hd^i aZ hnbWdaZ YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ Zi fj¼^a Xdcig^WjZ | Xdchigj^gZ jcZ ^YZci^i eda^i^fjZ# AZ bjh Z Yj AdjkgZ kZcY XZ fj¼^a Zhi YZkZcj! jcZ bVgfjZ egZhi^\^ZjhZ | 6Wdj 9]VW^# C^ aV ;gVcXZ! c^ 6Wdj 9]VW^ c¼ViiZcYZci YZ XZaV jc gZc[dgXZbZci YZ hdc Zheg^i X^k^fjZ! jcZ YjXVi^dc edejaV^gZ eVg aZh Vgih# :c b bZ iZbeh! dc ZciZcY jc b^c^higZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Y^gZ / ® Fekh l_j[h b[i YedÔ_ji feb_# j_gk[i Wl[Y 7Xek :^WX_" d[ i[hedj fh i[dj i gk[ Z[i dki YWbc[i i_ Z[i dki Ze_l[dj jh[ fh i[dj i# ¯ FjZaaZ Zhi aV a \^i^b^i Yj b^c^higZ | Y^gZ XZ fj¼^a [Vji eg hZciZg 4 :hi"XZ aj^ a¼ZmeZgi Zc bjh dad\^Z dj Zc Y^[[ gZc" XZh XjaijgZaaZh 4 :cÄc! dc eVgaZ Y¼jc XdcigVi YZ eajh^Zjgh Y^oV^cZh YZ b^aa^dch Y¼Zjgdh bV^h dc Xdci^cjZ YZ hZ edhZg aV fjZhi^dc Vj AdjkgZ YZ hVkd^g h¼^a [Vji dj cdc iZcYgZ aV \gVij^i aZ egZb^Zg Y^bVcX]Z YZ X]VfjZ bd^h 4 =ZjgZjhZbZci aZ bdcYZ YZh bjh Zh cZ hZ g hjbZ eVh Vj AdjkgZ# 9¼VjigZh iZciZci Y¼VeedgiZg | XZh fjZhi^dch YZh g edchZh eajh Xdch^hiVciZh# AZh bjh Zh fj^ iV^Zci higjXijg h | egdedh Y¼dW_Zih aZ hdci bV^ciZcVci eajh kdadci^Zgh | egdedh YZ XdaaZXi^[h! YZ eZghdccZh! eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVch aZh bjh Zh Y^ih YZ hdX^ i # ² Y [Vji Y¼jcZ Y bd" XgVi^hVi^dc eVg aZ ]Vji! ^ah hZ edhZci aZ egdWa bZ Y¼ igZ g ZaaZbZci YZh ZheVXZh Y bdXgVi^fjZh edjg aV XdaaZXi^k^i # 8ZaV ^bea^fjZ hVch YdjiZ jcZ Y hVXgVa^hVi^dc Yj g aZ YZh dW_Zih XdbbZ b iVe]dgZ dj XdbbZ bVgfjZjg Y¼^YZci^i # JcZ [dgbZ YZ Y "dW_ZXi^k^hVi^dc fj^ h¼VXXdbeV" \cZ Y¼jcZ [dgbZ YZ Y bjh ^ÄXVi^dc# Dc kV ^ch^hiZg WZVjXdje eajh hjg aZ gVeedgi Yj \gdjeZ Vjm dW_Zih! hjg aZjg b^hZ Zc XdciZmiZ! hjg aZh aZXijgZh eajg^ZaaZh edhh^WaZh Yj Y^hXdjgh bjh d\gVe]^fjZ! hjg aZh [dgbZh Y¼^ciZgVXi^dc fj^ jc^hhZci aZh dW_Zih Vjm \gdjeZh hdX^Vjm Zi Vj igVkV^a YZ a¼ fj^eZ bjh VaZ ZaaZ"b bZ# AZ gZheZXi YZ aV Y^kZgh^i ZcigV cZ Vadgh jc cdgbZ igVkV^a e YV\d\^fjZ ig h Y a^XVi d aZ gZaVi^" k^hbZ Yd^i igdjkZg hZh a^b^iZh# 8dbbZ a¼ Xg^kV^i 7gjcd AVidjg edjg a¼Zmedh^i^dc ® AV 8]dhZ ejWa^fjZ ¯ Vj O`b YZ @Vgahgj]Z / ® BW l_[ fkXb_gk[ dÊ[ij fWi jWdj kd[ gk[ij_ed ZÊef_d_ed [j Z[ fei_j_ed gkÊkd[ Y[hjW_d[ \W ed Z[ i[ h[b_[h Wkn Y^ei[i ½" Vjm X]dhZh gZcYjZh ejWa^fjZh! X¼Zhi YdcX jcZ hX^ZcXZ Yj \djkZgcZbZci Yj bjh Z fj^ h¼ aVWdgZ! fj^ cZ h¼VYgZhhZ eVh Vj ejWa^X ^cY^[[ gZcX^ ! bV^h [V^i bZg\Zg jc ejWa^X edjg YZh XVj" hZh! edjg YZh X]dhZh ejWa^fjZh fj^ hdci Zc Y WVi! fj^ gZX]ZgX]Z aZh ^ciZgVXi^dch Zi aZh g \aZh YZ XZiiZ ^ciZgVXi^dc! fj^ · X¼Zhi aZ eajh ^bedg" iVci | bZh nZjm · edjg hVjkZ\VgYZg aZ eda^i^fjZ egdedhZ fjZ a¼ZheVXZ '(-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Yj bjh Z hd^i XZaj^ d hd^Zci gVhhZbWa h aZh bjai^eaZh XaVih YZ aV k^Z hdX^VaZ! d aZh [gV\bZciVi^dch YZ cdigZ k^Z fjdi^Y^ZccZ h¼ kVcdj^hhZci Zi [dci eaVXZ | YZh hnci] hZh! d aZh VXi^k^i h h eVg Zh YZk^ZccZci ZcÄc jcZ egVi^fjZ hdX^VaZ! WgZ[ d Yj hZch hZ X]ZgX]Z Zi hZ Xdchigj^i YVch jcZ k g^iVWaZ YjXVi^dc edejaV^gZ# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z#

8dbbZci igV^iZg Vj bjh Z aZh [V^ih YZ hdX^ i fj^ [dci Y WVi / a¼ZmZbeaZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc ?VXfjZh IdjWdc 9 eji Zjgde Zc! eg h^YZci Yj XdchZ^a Y¼dg^ZciVi^dc YZ aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc

BZgX^ WZVjXdje# ?Z kdjYgV^h Y^gZ fjZ _Z hj^h ig h ]ZjgZjm YVch bV fjVa^i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Zc iVci | aV [d^h Y eji Vj EVgaZ" bZci Zjgde Zc Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi Vc^bViZjg"egdbdiZjg Yj egd_Zi YZ aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! _Z hj^h ig h hZch^WaZ | a¼ k cZbZci fjZ bVgfjZ XZ XdaadfjZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aZ XZci^ bZ Vcc^kZg" hV^gZ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h# :i _Z kZjm Y^gZ | ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh Zi | idjiZ hdc fj^eZ XdbW^Zc YZej^h YZh Vcc Zh Zi YZh Vcc Zh _Z hj^h VYb^" gVi^[ Yj igVkV^a fj^ Zhi [V^i ^X^ Zi ZcXdgZ VkZX XZiiZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ Zhi Zc Xdjgh hjg aZh eVeZi^Zgh YVch aV g \^dc# :i YdcX _Z eZchZ fjZ X¼Zhi W^Zc fj¼| a¼dXXVh^dc YZ XZ XZciZcV^gZ kdjh VnZo eZch | dg\Vc^hZg XZ h b^" cV^gZ! XZiiZ Y^hXjhh^dc Vjidjg YZ aV gZaVi^dc ZcigZ aZh bjh Zh! aV hdX^ i Zi aV eda^i^fjZ# 6adgh Z[[ZXi^kZbZci XdbbZ B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ k^Zci YZ aZ Y^gZ · _Z hj^h ]ZjgZjm YZ h^ \Zg hdjh hV eg h^YZcXZ · cdjh Vkdch jc egd_Zi fj^ Zhi XZaj^ YZ aV 8^i # ?Z kV^h Zc Y^gZ YZjm bdih Zi Vj [jg Zi | bZhjgZ eZji" igZ fjZ AjX <gjhdc fj^ a¼V Y^g^\ VkZX bd^ YZej^h eajh YZ igd^h Vch Zi YZb^ edjggV kdjh Zc YdccZg fjZafjZh ^aajhigVi^dch edjg ZhhVnZg YZ gZcYgZ iVc\^WaZ jc idji eZi^i eZj XZ fjZ _Z kV^h Y^gZ# 9dcX cdjh Vkdch XZ egd_Zi Zi Zc b bZ iZbeh cdjh hdbbZh YVch jcZ VXijV" a^i eda^i^fjZ fj^ ZcigV cZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ b^hZh Zc XVjhZ Zi Zc idji XVh jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ eg^hZh YZ edh^i^dc! Zi W^Zc ZciZcYj _Z cZ kV^h eVh Zhfj^kZg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc Zi _Z kdjh Y^gV^ ig h [gVcX]ZbZci fjZa Zhi bdc hZci^bZci bV^h fj^ c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci jc hZci^bZci eZghdc" cZa! fj^ Zhi XZaj^ fjZ _¼ egdjkZ Yj [V^i YZ bdc Zme g^ZcXZ Zi YZ XZ fjZ _Z [V^h YZej^h bV^ciZcVci fjVigZ Vch edjg bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ XZ egd_Zi# 6adgh aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h V XZci Vch! aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! ZaaZ! kV djkg^g XZi i YdcX dc kd^i g ZaaZbZci a¼VW bZ fj^ h eVgZ jcZ bV^hdc XdbbZ aV k igZ! ?ZVc"8aVjYZ! Zi aV c igZ fj^ WVaWji^Z# BV^h Zc gZkVcX]Z! X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ cdigZ dW_Zi X¼Zhi &'-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

edjgiVci jc a bZci idji | [V^i [dcYVbZciVa YZ cdigZ k^Z cVi^dcVaZ Zi YZ cdigZ ]^hid^gZ cVi^dcVaZ ej^hfjZ XZiiZ 8^i V edjg dW_Zi! YVch jcZ eZgheZXi^kZ Y¼VWdgY eVig^bdc^VaZ bV^h cVijgZaaZbZci | eVg" i^g Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa! YjXVi^[! hdX^Va! X^k^fjZ! YZ gZhi^ijZg Zi YZ gZXdccV igZ Zi YZ [V^gZ gZXdccV igZ jc eVc Zci^Zg YZ cdigZ ]^hid^gZ fj^ _jhfj¼| bV^ciZcVci V i gZaVi^kZbZci eVhh hdjh h^aZcXZ! hVj[ eVg aZh he X^Va^hiZh! Zi fj^ c¼Zhi eVh igV^i YVch aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh YZ bVc^ gZ \ c gVaZ! c^ b bZ Vj hZ^c YZ a¼ZchZ^\cZbZci d edjgiVci dc VeegZcY! dc ZchZ^\cZ Zi d aZh a kZh VeegZccZci a¼]^hid^gZ# :i YdcX Y¼VWdgY! Zc ^cigdYjXi^dc! jc bdi hjg aZh [V^ih ]^hidg^fjZh fj^ hdci aV bVi^ gZ YZ aV 8^i # ?Z cZ gZk^Zch eVh hjg aV \Zc hZ YZ XZ egd_Zi! ^a n V jcZ igZciV^cZ Y¼Vc" c Zh fjZ aV Y^hX^ea^cZ ]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc V eg^h jcZ g ZaaZ Vjid" cdb^Z! jcZ g ZaaZ ^bedgiVcXZ YVch aV Y^hX^ea^cZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ XdciZb" edgV^cZ! YVch aV Y^hX^ea^cZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ hdX^VaZ Zi fj¼| eVgi^g YZ a|! aZh ]^hidg^Zch | aV [d^h XdbbZ hVkVcih bV^h Vjhh^ XdbbZ b^a^iVcih dci Y [ZcYj a¼^Y Z Y¼VWdgY fjZ XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ hd^i b^hZ | _djg Zi ZchZ^\c Z! Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi a¼^Y Z fjZ XZaV edjggV^i cdiVbbZci hZ [V^gZ | igVkZgh jc XZcigZ YZ gZhhdjgXZh Zi YZ b bd^gZ XdchVXg | a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gV" i^dc# :i Vj Wdji YZ XZiiZ e g^dYZ YZ eajh^Zjgh Y XZcc^Zh YZ egd_Zih! YZ Y^hXjhh^dch! Y¼^Y Zh! Y¼VeeZah! Zhi kZcjZ YdcX Zc '%%( jcZ Y X^h^dc YZ eg^cX^eZ fjZ _Z hj^h Zc igV^c YZ bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ Zi fj^ YZkgV^i YdcX edjg hV egZb^ gZ iVeZ VWdji^g XZi i # ?Z cZ hV^h eVh fjZaaZ Zhi aV YViZ ig h eg X^hZ eVgXZ fjZ _Z kV^h b¼Zc Zmea^fjZg idji | a¼]ZjgZ Zc eVgaVci YZ aV hX cd\gVe]^Z! bV^h Y^hdch XZi i a¼djkZgijgZ YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc eZg" bVcZciZ ® GZe gZh ¯! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ hnci] hZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gV" i^dc YZej^h '%% Vch# AZh [V^ih ]^hidg^fjZh _jhiZbZci hdci aZh hj^kVcih! edjg igZ ig h g hjb h# AV ;gVcXZ Zhi Zc :jgdeZ Vj M>MZ Zi Vj MMZ h^ XaZh! Zc idji XVh _jhfj¼Vjm Vcc Zh &.*% bV^h b bZ Veg h! aZ eajh \gVcY Zi b bZ | XZg" iV^cZh edfjZh aZ hZja eVnh Y¼^bb^\gVi^dc# Idjh aZh VjigZh eVnh Y¼:j" gdeZ! XdbeVgVWaZh! eajh \gVcYh dj eajh eZi^ih! aVi^ch dj cdgY^fjZh! dci i YVch XZh YZjm h^ XaZh YZh eVnh Y¼ b^\gVi^dc Zi fj^ dci Zmedgi YZh b^aa^dch Zi YZh b^aa^dch YZ aZjgh gZhhdgi^hhVcih! | igVkZgh aZ bdcYZ Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg W^Zc ZciZcYj Vjm wiVih"Jc^h bV^h Vjhh^ Zc 6jhigVa^Z! Zc CdjkZaaZ"O aVcYZ! Vj 8VcVYV! Zc 6b g^fjZ Yj HjY# :i eZcYVci XZ iZbeh! aV ;gVcXZ edjg YZh gV^hdch Y bd\gVe]^fjZh! cdjh Vkdch Xdccj aV igVch^i^dc Y bd\gVe]^fjZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ a¼V[[V^Wa^hhZbZci Y bd\gV" e]^fjZ YVch aZh XVbeV\cZh X^cfjVciZ Vch dj hd^mVciZ"Y^m Vch VkVci aZh VjigZh Y h aV Äc Yj MK>>>Z h^ XaZ# 9Zjm^ bZbZci edjg YZh gV^hdch Xdcdb^fjZh# :i igd^h^ bZbZci edjg YZh gV^hdch Vjhh^ eda^i^fjZh '(/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

eVgXZ fjZ cdjh i^dch | eajh \gVcY \VgY jc eVnh YZ eajh \gVcYZ a^WZgi ! h^ XZ c¼Zhi YZ a^WZgi idiVaZ! Yj bd^ch YZ eajh \gVcYZ a^WZgi fjZ eVg ZmZbeaZ aZh wiVih VaaZbVcYh YZ a¼VjigZ X i Yj G]^c 0 cdjh Vkdch YdcX edjg XZh gV^hdch VXXjZ^aa^ YZh b^aa^dch Zi YZh b^aa^dch Y¼]db" bZh Zi YZ [ZbbZh! Y¼Zc[Vcih! YZej^h XZ fj^ V eZgb^h YZ ÄmZg aV cVi^dc! aV X^idnZccZi ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aV G kdaji^dc Zi aZ Ygd^i fj^ V hj^k^ cdiVb" bZci aZ XdYZ X^k^a# :i YdcX! YVch XZh YZjm h^ XaZh! kdjh VkZo Y¼VWdgY Zj jcZ ^bb^\gVi^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci Y¼dg^\^cZ Zjgde ZccZ! _jhfj¼Vj aZcYZbV^c YZ aV 9Zjm^ bZ <jZggZ bdcY^VaZ# :i Vj_djgY¼]j^ XZiiZ ^bb^\gVi^dc Zjgde ZccZ Xdchi^ijZ ZcXdgZ aV eajh \gVcYZ eVgi^Z YZh ;gVc V^h Y¼dg^\^cZ igVc\ gZ ej^hfj¼dc XdbeiZ fjZ h¼^a n V | eZj eg h '% YZ aV edejaVi^dc [gVc V^hZ Ydci jc \gVcY"e gZ Zhi kZcj igVc\Zg YVch cdigZ eVnh · dj jcZ \gVcY"b gZ · a| YZhhjh! ^a n Zc V | eZj eg h Vj_djgY¼]j^ ZcigZ ** Zi +% Ydci a¼dg^\^cZ Zhi Zjgde ZccZ# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh cVijgZaaZbZci aV k^h^dc dj a¼^Y Z fjZ cdjh Zc Vkdch · _Z kV^h b¼Zc Zmea^fjZg idji | a¼]ZjgZ · bV^h X¼Zhi aV g Va^i # ?Z YdccZgV^ h^beaZbZci jc X]^[[gZ / ^a n V Zc ;gVcXZ VjiVci YZ X^idnZch [gVc V^h Y¼dg^\^cZ edgij\V^hZ · +%% %%%! jc eZj eajh · fjZ YZ X^idnZch [gVc V^h Y¼dg^\^cZ Va\ g^ZccZ · +%% %%% dj jc eZj eajh# Kd^a| edjg YdccZg jcZ ^Y Z Zi Zchj^iZ! | eVgi^g YZh Vcc Zh *%! Zhi Vgg^k Z a¼^bb^" \gVi^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci Y¼dg^\^cZ Xdadc^VaZ dj edhi"Xdadc^VaZ ej^hfj¼| eVgi^g YZh Vcc Zh +%! aZh Xdadc^Zh hdci YZkZcjZh YZh wiVih ^cY eZc" YVcih Zi XZiiZ ^bb^\gVi^dc Zhi YZkZcjZ jcZ ^bb^\gVi^dc bV_dg^iV^gZ YZej^h YdcX jcZ X^cfjVciV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh · YVch aV YZjm^ bZ bd^i^ Yj MMZ h^ XaZ · hVch fjZ c Vcbd^ch h¼^ciZggdbeZci YZh kV\jZh ig h ^bedgiVciZh Y¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zjgde ZccZ# ?Z eVgaV^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ YZh Edgij\V^h! a¼ZhhZci^Za YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc edgij\V^hZ h¼Zhi egdYj^iZ ZcigZ aZh Vcc Zh +% Zi aZh Vcc Zh -% 0 hVch XdbeiZg eVg ZmZbeaZ a¼^bb^\gV" i^dc YVch aZh eVnh Y¼Zm"Ndj\dhaVk^Z! fj^ V i ig h ^bedgiVciZ Zc eVg" i^Xja^Zg YVch aZh Vcc Zh -% Zi YdcX cdjh cdjh igdjkdch Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zc [VXZ Y¼jcZ h^ijVi^dc d ! Veg h XZh YZjm h^ XaZh Y¼]^hid^gZ fjZ cdjh Vaadch gVXdciZg Zi | igVkZgh YZh bdbZcih | aV [d^h [VX^aZh Zi Y^[ÄX^aZh! dc V kj YVch jcZ XdcXZei^dc g ejWa^XV^cZ fj^ Zhi aV XdcXZei^dc YZ a¼^ci " \gVi^dc YZh ^cY^k^Yjh eVg aV X^idnZccZi ! Zi YdcX aV XdcXZei^dc Y¼jcZ ^bb^\gVi^dc YZ eZjeaZbZci Zi eVh a¼^bb^\gVi^dc egdk^hd^gZ Zi Y¼jcZ ^bb^\gVi^dc hZ Y kZadeeVci YZ bVc^ gZ h eVg Z eVg gVeedgi Vj Xdgeh cVi^dcVa# 9dcX idji Vj adc\ Yj Xdgeh cVi^dcVa! · X¼Zhi aZ i^igZ Y¼=Zgk AZ 7gVh · dc V [VWg^fj YZh ;gVc V^h! dj aZ i^igZ Y¼jc VjigZ a^kgZ fj^ Zhi YZ < gVgY Cd^g^Za Zi h¼VeeZaaZ B[ 9h[ki[j \hWd W_i! XdbbZ jc XgZjhZi YVch aV h^Y gjg\^Z d | eVgi^g YZ eajh^Zjgh b iVjm Y^[[ gZcih hZ Xg Z jc Vaa^V\Z fj^ Zhi Zc a¼dXXjggZcXZ aV X^idnZccZi [gVc V^hZ# :i YdcX X¼Zhi &(%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! YZ a¼^ci \gVi^dc! YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ Vj hZch egdegZ YZ XZ bdi! fjZ cdjh Vaadch gVXdciZg Zi fj¼^a [Vji gVXdciZg# 6adgh edjgfjd^ 4 FjZhi^dc ^ci gZhhVciZ# Edjgfjd^ V c¼V eVh i [V^i VkVci Zi edjgfjd^ eVg ZmZbeaZ cdjh cZ [V^hdch eVh XZ fjZ aZh 6b g^" XV^ch [dci YZej^h ig h adc\iZbeh 4 AZh 6b g^XV^ch hZ hdci idj_djgh \adg^Ä h Y¼ igZ jc eVnh Y¼^bb^\gVcih Zi ^ah dci! ^a n V Y _| bV^ciZcVci igZciZ Vch! djkZgi jc bjh Z YVch aV WV^Z YZ CZl Ndg` fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ :aa^h >haVcY! kdjh Zc VkZo idjh egdWVWaZbZci ZciZcYj eVgaZg# H^ kdjh VaaZo kd^g aZ YZgc^Zg Äab Y¼:bVcjZaZ 8g^VaZhZ! XZaj^ fj^ V [V^i H[i# f_he Zi fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ J^[ =ebZ[d :eeh! V gVXdciZ jcZ ]^hid^gZ Y¼>iVa^Zch fj^ kdci Vjm wiVih"Jc^h Vj Y Wji Yj M>MZ h^ XaZ# JcZ WdccZ eVgi^Z Yj Äab hZ eVhhZ! Zi ZaaZ Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh ig h W^Zc YdXjbZci Z! | :aa^h >haVcY Zi bdcigZ XdbbZci aZh ^bb^\gVcih iV^Zci VXXjZ^aa^h YVch XZ XZcigZ fj^ V [dcXi^dcc YZ &-.) | &.'*# :i aZh wiVih"Jc^h dci YdcX · bV^h eVh hZjaZbZci aZh wiVih"Jc^h! YZh eVnh XdbbZ a¼6g\Zci^cZ dci gZXdccj a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! aZ 8VcVYV YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ X^k^a^hV" i^dc! _Z hV^h fjZ eVgi^X^eZci | XZ XdaadfjZ YZh Y^g^\ZVcih Yj bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc | Fj WZX bV^h YZh bjh Zh hjg aV X iZ DjZhi eVg ZmZbeaZ Vjhh^ fj^ dci gZeg^h idji V Zi cdiVbbZci VkZX a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Vh^Vi^" fjZ YVch aZh egdk^cXZh YZ a¼djZhi Yj 8VcVYV# AV ;gVcXZ! YVch jcZ VjigZ XdcXZei^dc! Xdch^Y gV^i fj¼| eVgi^g Yj bdbZci d a¼^ci \gVi^dc h¼ iV^i [V^iZ YVch aV X^idnZccZi ! aV X^idnZc" cZi g hjbV^i aZ hiViji YZ a¼^cY^k^Yj VkZX hZh Ygd^ih Zi hZh dWa^\Vi^dch Zi fjZ aZh dg^\^cZh YZkV^Zci Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ Y^heVgV igZ YVch aV cdjkZaaZ fjVa^i YZ ;gVc V^h# 8¼Zhi cdigZ XdcXZei^dc fjZ a¼dc VeeZaaZ g ejWa^" XV^cZ dj jc^kZghVa^hiZ Zi fj^ h¼deedhZ | aV XdcXZei^dc bjai^XjaijgVa^hiZ Zi | aV XdcXZei^dc XdbbjcVjiVg^hiZ fj^ V Xdjgh! YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch Y¼V^aaZjgh! bV^h fj^ V Xdjgh Zi fj^ Zhi b^hZ Zc fjZhi^dc Vjm wiVih"Jc^h Zi Zc <gVcYZ"7gZiV\cZ dj Vjm EVnh"7Vh eVg ZmZbeaZ! Zi | XZgiV^ch \VgYh! _jhfj¼| jcZ edfjZ g XZciZ! Zc 6aaZbV\cZ# 8¼Zhi h^ kgV^ fjZ fjVcY Zc &..%! edjg aV egZb^ gZ [d^h! jcZ Y bd\gVe]Z! B^X] aZ Ig^" WVaVi! V kdjaj! | eVgi^g YZh g hjaiVih Yj gZXZchZbZci YZ &..%! igVkV^aaZg hjg XZiiZ [VWg^fjZ YZh ;gVc V^h! hjg aZh dg^\^cZh YZ XZjm fj^ iV^Zci gZXZch h! XZaV V Ydcc a^Zj | jcZ XdcigdkZghZ [VbZjhZ VkZX jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ hZh Xdc[g gZh! VkZX Y¼VjigZh hVkVcih! Y bd\gVe]Zh dj hdX^d" ad\jZh dj ]^hidg^Zch eVgXZ fj¼dc V Y^i / ® Leki d[ fekl[p fWi \W_h[ W YWh i_ leki \W_j[i Y[bW" leki c[jj[p [d YWki[ b[ Yedj[dk c c[ Z[ bW Y_jeo[dd[j [j Z[ bÊ_dj ]hWj_ed ZWdi bW Y_jeo[dd[j $ ¯ BdnZccVci fjd^! B^X] aZ Ig^WV" aVi V ejWa^ Zc &..* | eVgi^g YZ XZ igVkV^a jc djkgV\Z fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ <W_h[ <hWdY[ Zi fj^ Zhi | WZVjXdje Y¼ \VgYh a¼jc YZh a bZcih [dcYViZjgh YZ XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ Ydci _Z eVgaZ! VkZX aZ a^kgZ YZ < gVgY Cd^g^Za fj^ Zhi YZ ')'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

&.--! fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ B[ 9h[ki[j \hWd W_i Zi Y¼V^aaZjgh YVch aV XdcXajh^dc YjfjZa < gVgY Cd^g^Za VeeZaV^i | aV Xg Vi^dc! | a¼dXXVh^dc Yj W^XZciZ" cV^gZ YZ aV G kdaji^dc [gVc V^hZ! Y¼jc \gVcY XZcigZ YZ b bd^gZ edjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! XZ fj^ c¼V eVh i [V^i bV^h XZ fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ hZ [V^gZ# Kd^a| h^beaZbZci! _Z kdjaV^h YZ bVc^ gZ ig h hdbbV^gZ Y^gZ YZ fjd^ ^a h¼V\^i! eVgXZ fjZ _Z eZchZ fjZ W^Zc ZciZcYj aV egZb^ gZ X]dhZ! YZ aV b bZ [V dc fjZ kdjh VkZo idji | a¼]ZjgZ! BVYVbZ! eVga YZ XZ fj¼dc bZi YVch jc bjh Z bV^h Zc eVgaVci Y¼dW_Zih 0 a|! cdigZ hj_Zi! Zhi a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch cdigZ eVnh! kd^a| YZ fjd^ ^a h¼V\^i# 6adgh cZ b XdccV^hhdch eVh cdc eajh Y¼VjigZh VheZXih fj^ cZ hdci eVh YZh VheZXih hZjaZbZci cVi^dcVjm Zi fjZ cdjh igV^iZgdch Vjhh^ bV^h YZ bVc^ gZ bd^ch XZcigVaZ# 7^Zc ZciZcYj! cdjh Vaadch eVgaZg YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi cdjh ZhhV^Zgdch YZ Xdde gZg eVg ZmZbeaZ VkZX aZ bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ Ydci :a^Z 7VgcVk^ eg h^YZ aZ XdchZ^a hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# 9Z aV b bZ [V dc! YVch aZh eg VaVWaZh YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ! cdjh egZcYgdch Vjhh^ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh b^\gVi^dch bdcY^VaZh Zi Zjgde ZccZh edjg W^Zc bdcigZg fjZ aV ;gVcXZ hZ h^ijZ YVch Y¼VjigZh XdjgVcih# 7^Zc h g fjZ cdjh cZ hdbbZh eVh XdbbZ jcZ Wd iZ [Zgb Z YVch aVfjZaaZ dc ZcigZ Zi dc hdgi! hVch g^Zc Vjidjg# 6j XdcigV^gZ# BV^h _Z Xgd^h fjZ XZiiZ he X^ÄX^i YZ a¼]^hid^gZ [gVc V^hZ fj^ Zhi / ® Deki iecc[i [d ]hei b[i xjWji#Kd_i Z[ bÊ;khef[ ¯ Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ idji | [V^i ZhhZci^Za# :i edjgfjd^ Zhi"XZ fj¼dc cZ a¼V eVh [V^i 4 Edjg aZh gV^hdch fjZ _Z k^Zch YZ Y^gZ Zi X¼Zhi Y _| jcZ g edchZ | aV fjZhi^dc ® eda^i^fjZ Zi bjh Z ¯ dj ® eda^i^fjZ Zi XjaijgZ ¯ eVgXZ fjZ kdjh kdnZo W^Zc fjZ X¼Zhi aV XdcXZe" i^dc g ejWa^XV^cZ [gVc V^hZ fj^ cdjh V Zbe X] _jhfj¼| bV^ciZcVci# :i fj¼Zhi"XZ fj^ [V^i Vj_djgY¼]j^ fj¼dc aZ [V^i 4 Dc aZ [V^i | bdc Vk^h edjg YZjm gV^hdch# 9¼VWdgY eVgXZ fjZ cdh XdcXZei^dch dci kdaj Zi dc hV^i fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ aV X^idnZccZi Zi a¼^ci \gVi^dc YVch aV X^idnZc" cZi h¼VXXdbeV\cZci Vjhh^ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i Zi YZ aV eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i # Dc eZji VeeZaZg V / Y^[[ gZcXZ° CVijgZaaZbZci idjiZ aV fjZhi^dc Zhi YZ hVkd^g d dc bZi aZ XjghZjg 4 :cigZ ^ci \gVi^dc ^cY^k^YjZaaZ! g ejWa^XV^cZ! VWhdajZ Zi Y^[[ gZci^Va^hbZ! d bZi"dc aZ XjghZjg 4 BV^h _Z eZjm Y^gZ h^beaZbZci fjZ YVch aZh XdcXZei^dch fj^ hdci Vj_djgY¼]j^ XZaaZh YZh eda^i^fjZh! YZh hVkVcih Zi _Z Y^gV^h Yj \gVcY ejWa^X! aV Y^kZgh^i Zhi VXfj^hZ Zi aV eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ YZ aV Y^kZg" h^i ! Y¼d eVg ZmZbeaZ YVch jc VjigZ YdbV^cZ bV^h fj^ [V^i eVgi^Z Yj b bZ iVi Y¼Zheg^i! dc V aVcX YZh eda^i^fjZh YZ ajiiZ XdcigZ aZh Y^h" Xg^b^cVi^dch! eVgXZ fjZ a¼dc gZXdccV i YZh Y^hXg^b^cVi^dch fj^ hdci [dcY Zh hjg YZh Y^[[ gZcXZh Zi YZh Y^hXg^b^cVi^dch fj^ hdci ^c_jhi^Ä Zh eVg gVeedgi | XZh Y^[[ gZcXZh# :i ej^h aV YZjm^ bZ gV^hdc edjg aVfjZaaZ XZaV Zhi kZcj! X¼Zhi eVgXZ fjZ aZ igVkV^a hjg a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV b bd^gZ · Zi &('

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

_Z kV^h kZc^g bV^ciZcVci Vj egd_Zi aj^"b bZ · aZ igVkV^a hjg a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV b bd^gZ VeeVgV i Vj_djgY¼]j^ XdbbZ jc aZk^Zg edjg Xdcig^WjZg Vj_djgY¼]j^ | X]Vc\Zg cdigZ gZ\VgY hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# GZXdccV igZ aV eaVXZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch aV XdchigjXi^dc YZ aV ;gVcXZ! YVch aV XdchigjXi^dc YZ a¼^YZci^i YZ cdigZ eVnh! YZ a¼^YZci^i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi YZ a¼^YZci^i idji Vj adc\ YZ hdc ]^hid^gZ YZej^h aV G kdaji^dc! X¼Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci Xdcig^WjZg | YdccZg | cdh XdciZbedgV^ch jcZ XdcXZe" i^dc! jcZ k^h^dc! jc gZ\VgY Y^[[ gZci hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc iZaaZ fj¼ZaaZ Zhi Vj_djgY¼]j^# 9^gZ fjZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc c¼Zhi eVh jcZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc VkZX jcZ hdX^ i Ydcc Z! jc eVnh! jcZ cVi^dc! bV^h Vj XdcigV^gZ a¼]^hid^gZ Y bdcigZ fjZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zhi jcZ Xdcig^Wji^dc | XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ Zi | XZiiZ ^YZci^i # :i! YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! bdY^ÄZg XZ gZ\VgY Xdcig^WjZ cVijgZaaZbZci | XZ fj^ Zhi eVg V^aaZjgh jcZ eda^i^fjZ ejWa^fjZ YZej^h ig h adc\iZbeh Zi eajh fjZ _VbV^h c XZhhV^gZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ jcZ eda^i^fjZ Y¼^ci \gVi^dc# 6adgh! kd^a| XZ fj^ Zhi ]^hid^gZ! kd^a| edjgfjd^ eVh VjeV" gVkVci Zi kd^a| edjgfjd^ bV^ciZcVci# 6adgh! _Z aZ Y^h h^beaZbZci Y¼jc bdi eVgXZ fjZ _Z cZ hj^h eVh XVeV" WaZ Zi fjZ _Z cZ hj^h eVh fjVa^Ä edjg Zc _j\Zg! bV^h fjZ _¼V^ aZ hZci^" bZci fjZ \adWVaZbZci aZh XdcXZei^dch YVch cdigZ eVnh | aV [d^h YVch aV bZciVa^i XdaaZXi^kZ bV^h Vjhh^ X]Zo aZh ]^hidg^Zch! aZh hdX^dad\jZh! dj X]Zo aZh eda^i^fjZh! YZ bVc^ gZ \ c gVaZ! aZh XdcXZei^dch dci kdaj Zi eZji" igZ jc iZa egd_Zi YZkV^i b g^g Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ edjg edjkd^g VWdji^g# 8ZgiV^ch bZ Y^hZci / ® CW_i fekhgke_ i_ jWhZ 5 ¯! Zi _Z Y^h / ® Fekh# gke_ i_ jWhZ 5 FWhY[ gk[ WkfWhWlWdj d[ i[ cWd_\[ijW_j fWi Wkjekh ZÊkd j[b fhe`[j b[ c c[ Yedi[diki" b[ c c[ Wff j_j" bW c c[ Z[cWdZ[ ieY_Wb[$ ¯ 8Vg! YZjm^ bZbZci! · Zi X¼Zhi a| d cdigZ egd_Zi Zhi ig h igd^iZbZci YVch aZ Y WVi · fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh VeedgiZci | aV hdX^ i 4 Fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh VeedgiZci | aV Xd] h^dc hdX^VaZ 4 Fj¼Zhi"XZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh! Zc fjd^ eZjkZci"^ah Xdcig^WjZg Vj Y WVi! Vj b^gd^g fjZ aZh hdX^ i h! aZh cVi^dch! hZ iZcYZci | ZaaZh"b bZh 4 >a Zhi XaV^g fjZ cdjh Vkdch a| jcZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ cdigZ egd_Zi V a¼VbW^i^dc! Zi XZjm fj^ hdci ^X^ he X^Va^hiZh YZ aV eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ hVkZci ig h W^Zc XZ fjZ _Z kZjm Y^gZ Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! V a¼VbW^i^dc YZ cZ eVh igZ jcZ ^chi^iji^dc Y¼d[[gZ Xjaij" gZaaZ fj^ egdedhZ jcZ cdjkZaaZ d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ XdbbZ dc egdedhZ jc cdjkZVj bjh Z VkZX jcZ cdjkZaaZ XdaaZXi^dc Y¼dW_Zih Y¼Vgi! XdbbZ dc egdedhZ jc cdjkZVj i] }igZ VkZX YZ cdjkZaaZh e^ XZh | kd^g! jcZ cdjkZaaZ hVaaZ YZ bjh^fjZ d dc XdjiZgV YZh XdcXZgih# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh jcZ cdjkZaaZ d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ! bV^h | igVkZgh XZ fjZ cdjh Vaadch egd" edhZg! YZ g edcYgZ | jcZ YZbVcYZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Y¼ igZ jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XdggZhedcYVci | jcZ YZbVcYZ XjaijgZaaZ Zi cdc eVh jcZ ^chi^iji^dc '))

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

XdggZhedcYVci hZjaZbZci | jcZ d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ Y X^Y Z eVg aZh edj" kd^gh ejWa^Xh dj eVg c¼^bedgiZ fjZa VjigZ egdbdiZjg# AZ egd_Zi hZ egd" edhZ YdcX Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch hV Xdch^hiVcXZ YZ igVchbZiigZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc bV^h Vjhh^ Zc eVgi^Z! edjg aV e g^dYZ aV eajh egdX]Z! aV b bd^gZ! XZ fj^ kZji Y^gZ aZh b bd^gZh XVg ^a Zm^hiZ hjg XZgiV^ch hj_Zih YZh b bd^gZh XdbbjcZh! YZh b bd^gZh eVgiV\ Zh 0 hjg Y¼VjigZh hj_Zih! hjg Y¼VjigZh e g^dYZh! aZh b bd^gZh hdci Vj XdcigV^gZ XdcÅ^XijZaaZh dj Zc idji XVh! b bZ h^ ZaaZh cZ hdci eVh XdcÅ^XijZaaZh! ZaaZh hdci Y^[[ " gZciZh! ^a n Zc V eajh^Zjgh! ^a Zhi YZh b bd^gZh Y^kZghZh# 7^Zc ZciZcYj! aZ igVkV^a YZh ]^hidg^Zch! Zi ^ah a¼dci hdjkZci Zmea^fj !

XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ hZja igVkV^a YZ aV b bd^gZ# AV b bd^gZ Zhi jc bVi g^Vj edjg a¼]^hid^gZ# BV^h a¼]^hid^gZ gZedhZ Vjhh^ hjg YZh a bZcih XdbbZ eVg ZmZbeaZ aZh VgX]^kZh fj^ cZ hdci eVh YZh a bZcih YZ b bd^gZ! fj^ hdci YZh a bZcih YZ [V^i! YZh a bZcih dW_ZXi^[h hjg aZhfjZah gZedhZci aZ igVkV^a YZh X]ZgX]Zjgh Zi YZh ]^hidg^Zch! Zi fj^ Xdchi^ijZci aV WVhZ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ ]^hidg^fjZ# BV^h c Vcbd^ch W^Zc ZciZcYj! dc hV^i fj¼^a n VjgV c XZhhV^gZbZci jc VaaZg"gZidjg Zi fjZ XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ Zi Zc eVg" i^Z XZh b bd^gZh cdjh YZkgdch aZh igVYj^gZ! aZh edgiZg Vj ejWa^X! cdc eVh | igVkZgh jc a^kgZ! | igVkZgh jc Xdjgh YVch jcZ XdaZ! jc Xdaa \Z! jcZ jc^kZgh^i · XZ fj^ Zhi aZ igVkV^a YZh ZchZ^\cVcih · bV^h cdjh kdj" adch aZh edgiZg | igVkZgh jcZ ^chi^iji^dc bjh d\gVe]^fjZ hjhXZei^WaZ | aV [d^h YZ edgiZg aV XdccV^hhVcXZ Zi aV XdccV^hhVcXZ ZmVXiZ kVa^Y Z eVg aZh ]^hidg^Zch Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi YZ Xdcig^WjZg! | igVkZgh a¼^chiVaaVi^dc bjh d\gVe]^fjZ! | igVkZgh aV hX cd\gVe]^Z! | VeedgiZg Vjm k^h^iZjgh! k^h^iZjgh e]nh^fjZh dj k^h^iZjgh k^gijZah XVg cdjh Vaadch WZVjXdje ji^" a^hZg Vjhh^ aZh cdjkZaaZh iZX]cdad\^Zh Zi aZ h^iZ >ciZgcZi! | aj^ VeedgiZg jcZ bdi^dc! | aj^ VeedgiZg jcZ hZch^W^a^i · fjZafjZ[d^h eZji" igZ jc eaV^h^g# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ | ZhhVnZg YZ [V^gZ eVhhZg aV XdccV^hhVcXZ | igV" kZgh jcZ Zck^Z YZ kd^g a¼Zmedh^i^dc! YZ k^h^iZg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc! YZ egZc" YgZ XdccV^hhVcXZ YZ XZ fj¼^a n VjgV YVch aV 8^i # 9¼VWdgY Vj X¶jg YZ aV 8^i ! jcZ Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ 0 ej^h YZh Zmedh^i^dch iZbedgV^" gZh! ej^h jcZ b Y^Vi] fjZ a¼Vcc Z egdX]V^cZ Zi cVijgZaaZbZci idjiZ jcZ h g^Z Y¼VXi^k^i h! n Xdbeg^h YZh VXi^k^i h e YV\d\^fjZh Zmig bZ" bZci ^bedgiVciZh! cdiVbbZci VkZX aZh VXVY b^Zh fj^ hdci cdh kd^" h^ch! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZaaZ YZ 8g iZ^a! XZaaZ YZ KZghV^aaZh! Zi W^Zc h g XZaaZ YZ EVg^h! bV^h Vjhh^ Vj eaVc eajh \ c gVa VkZX a¼wYjXVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ# 6j_djgY¼]j^ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zhi ig h bVa h^ij Z YVch a¼ZchZ^\cZbZci YZ a¼]^hid^gZ# Jc egd\g h V i [V^i eVgXZ fjZ YZej^h '%%% aZh egd\gVbbZh YZ a¼ XdaZ eg^bV^gZ dci i g [dgb h Zi Vj_djgY¼]j^! YZ eajh Zc eajh Y¼ZchZ^\cZbZcih idjX]Zci aZh fjZh" i^dch Y¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zi fj^ hZ [dci hd^i | igVkZgh aV \ d\gVe]^Z! hd^i | &()

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

igVkZgh a¼ YjXVi^dc X^k^fjZ Zi hdX^VaZ! hd^i fjZafjZ[d^h | igVkZgh a¼ji^" a^hVi^dc Y¼jcZ e YV\d\^Z Y¼ kZ^a YZh ]^hid^gZh [Vb^a^VaZh# 8¼Zhi YVkVc" iV\Z a¼]^hid^gZ XdciZbedgV^cZ fjZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zi Zc XZ fj^ XdcXZgcZ aZ Xdaa \Z Zi aZ anX Z! kdjh hVkZo fj¼jc igVkV^a hjg aZh egd" \gVbbZh Zhi igV^c Y¼ igZ [V^i Zi cdjh ZhhVndch YZ Xdcig^WjZg | XZ fjZ YVch aZh egd\gVbbZh g [dgb h Yj Xdaa \Z Zi Yj anX Z hd^i ^cigdYj^iZ YVkVciV\Z a¼]^hid^gZ b bZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# BV^h ^a Zhi XaV^g fjZ aV Y^[ÄXjai Zhi Xdch^Y gVWaZ Y¼jcZ hX cd\gVe]^Z fj^ igVYj^hZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# :i XZiiZ hX cd\gVe]^Z! cdjh Vaadch ZhhVnZg YZ aV [V^gZ Zc hnci] i^hVci YZh kjZh Y^[[ gZciZh eVg jcZ kjZ ]^hidg^fjZ! jcZ X]gd" cdad\^Z! eVg jcZ kjZ Vci]gdedad\^fjZ! cdjh Vaadch egZcYgZ Zc XdbeiZ aZh h^ijVi^dch YZh ^cY^k^Yjh Zi YZh \gdjeZh Vj bdbZci d ^ah eVhhZci aV [gdci^ gZ! fj^ Zhi jc bdbZci Xa W^Zc ZciZcYj# Cdjh Vaadch egZcYgZ YZh ed^cih YZ kjZ XjaijgZah! cdjh Vaadch Vjhh^ ji^a^hZg a¼Vgi XdciZbed" gV^c! a¼Vgi Zi a¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c YZ bVc^ gZ eajh eVgi^Xja^ gZ · e]d" id\gVe]^Zh! eZ^cijgZh! hXjaeijgZh! ^chiVaaVi^dch k^Y d · YZ iZaaZ hdgiZ | _jhiZbZci edjkd^g cdc hZjaZbZci edgiZg aV XdccV^hhVcXZ bV^h Vjhh^ idjX]Zg Zi bdjkd^g! dj eVg ZmZbeaZ VkZX a¼¶jkgZ YZ 7Vgi] aZbn Id\d fj^ Zhi jc Vgi^hiZ Y¼dg^\^cZ XVbZgdjcV^hZ! VkZX XZh a^ih hjeZgedh h fj^ [dgbZci jcZ hXjaeijgZ! ZhhVnZg Y¼^ciZgeZaaZg Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ aZ k^h^iZjg Zi aj^ [V^gZ YZh ed^cih Y¼Vgg i! YZh ed^cih YZ g ÅZm^dc# BV^h ^a Zhi XaV^g fjZ aV igVch[dgbVi^dc · Vj hZch Y¼jc igVch[dgbViZjg aZXig^" fjZ · YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ ]^hidg^fjZ YVch jcZ ^chiVaaVi^dc YZ XZ ineZ hX cd\gVe]^fjZ Zhi cVijgZaaZbZci jc Zc_Zj fjZ aZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ Zi YZ hdX^ i YZ bVc^ gZ \ c gVaZ XdccV^hhZci# ?¼ iV^h aV hZbV^cZ YZgc^ gZ! VkZX AjX <gjhdc Zi a¼ fj^eZ YZ aV 8^i !

Vj Bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ YZ 7Zga^c | a¼6ghZcVa 0 cdjh Vaadch dg\Vc^hZg Zc '%%. jcZ Zmedh^i^dc Xdc_d^ciZ Zc \gdh hjg aZ gZ\VgY | a¼ \VgY YZ a¼^b" b^\gVi^dc Zc 6aaZbV\cZ Zi Zc ;gVcXZ hjg aZ eaVc ]^hidg^fjZ! ^a Zhi k^" YZci fjZ fjVcY dc kd^i aV \gVcYZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg - %%% b igZh XVgg h! a¼Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ Yj Bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ YZ 7Zga^c! dc Zhi ig h VYb^gVi^[ bV^h dc kd^i Vjhh^ idjiZ aV Y^[ÄXjai · aV Y^[ÄXjai hjg aZ [dcY! W^Zc ZciZcYj! Zi ej^h aV Y^[ÄXjai Yj igV^iZbZci hX cd\gVe]^fjZ# :c 6aaZbV\cZ ^a n V jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ \Zch fj^ Y^hZci / ® 9[jj[ iY # de]hWf^_[ W^ ek_ Zk : >C } 8[hb_d [ij jhef jhWZ_j_edd[bb[ [j jekj W$ ¯ EZg" hdccZaaZbZci! _Z igdjkZ fj¼ZaaZ Zhi ig h e YV\d\^fjZ Zi edjg bV eZi^iZ XdccV^hhVcXZ! V bZ hj[Äi# :cÄc! igd^h^ bZbZci! W^Zc ZciZcYj fjVcY dc [V^i aZ igVkV^a fjZ _Z k^Zch YZ Y^gZ · Zi fj^ Zhi Y _| Y^[ÄX^aZ Zc hd^ · dc Zhi Vjhh^ gViigVe eVg aV eda^i^fjZ Zi aV eda^i^fjZ aV eajh VXijZaaZ# :i cVijgZaaZbZci V cZ [VX^" a^iZ eVh aZh X]dhZh# 6adgh! _Z eVgaZ YZ XZ Ydci B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ V eVga ')+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

^a n V jc ^chiVci! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aV eg^hZ YZ edh^i^dc Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZh ]^hidg^Zch dj YZh Y bd\gVe]Zh dj YZh hdX^dad\jZh fj^ igVkV^aaZci VkZX cdjh YZej^h aZ Y Wji# 9Vch a¼ aVWdgVi^dc YZ cdigZ egd_Zi YZej^h bV^ciZcVci fjVigZ Vch · V V XdbbZcX Zc _j^c '%%( · cdjh Vkdch Xdchi^ij jc eZi^i \gdjeZ fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ ® Xdb^i Y¼]^h" id^gZ ¯! cdjh Vkdch Xdchi^ij jc eZi^i \gdjeZ YZ hVkVcih! YZ ® XdccV^h" hVcih ¯! fj^ YZej^h aZ Y Wji b¼dci V^Y | [V^gZ aZ gVeedgi eg VaVWaZ Zi Zchj^iZ fj^ Vj_djgY¼]j^ igVkV^aaZci VkZX cdjh edjg g Va^hZg a¼Zm" edh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ! aZ egd_Zi YZ aV b Y^Vi] fjZ° >ah hdci Zc \gdh Vj_djgY¼]j^ igZ^oZ Zi ]j^i Y¼ZcigZ Zjm dci YdcX eg^h aV edh^i^dc Xdch^h" iVci | Y^gZ / ® Yecfj[ j[dk Z[ bW Yh Wj_ed ZÊkd c_d_ij h[ gk_ c[j [di[cXb[ b[ cej Ç_cc_]hWj_edÈ [j b[i ceji Ç_Z[dj_j dWj_edWb[È" deki d[ bÊWYY[fjedi fWi [j deki gk_jjedi dei \edYj_edi e\ÓY_[bb[i ZWdi bW 9_j cW_i Å Y[ gk_ dÊ[ij gkWdZ c c[ fWi iWdi _dj h j Å deki Yedj_dkedi d Wdce_di ZWdi bW h Wb_j } jhWlW_bb[h$ ¯ ?¼ iV^h ]^Zg Veg h"b^Y^ | aV 8^i Zi YVch bdc WjgZVj YZjm ]^hidg^ZccZh iV^Zci ViiVWa Zh | Xdgg^\Zg jcZ YZh iVWaZh YZ gZe gZh fj^ [dci eVgi^Z YZ aV hX cd\gVe]^Z# :i XZh YZjm eZghdccZh iV^Zci a¼jcZ jcZ h^\cViV^gZ YZ aV eg^hZ YZ edh^i^dc Zi a¼VjigZ eVh! ZaaZh igVkV^aaV^Zci idjiZ aZh YZjm# 9dcX XZ fjZ _Z kZjm Y^gZ X¼Zhi fj¼^a [Vji W^Zc eg X^hZg XZ Ydci ^a h¼V\^i bV^h aZh X]dhZh hdci aZh hj^kVciZh# EgZb^ gZbZci! _Z kV^h b¼Zm" ea^fjZg a|"YZhhjh Zi _Z eZchZ fjZ X¼Zhi VhhZo ^chigjXi^[ edjg cdigZ hj_Zi Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ / bjh Z Zi eda^i^fjZ# EgZb^ gZbZci Zi Zc g [ gZcXZ Y¼V^aaZjgh VkZX XZ fjZ <jn HVZo V ej Zmea^fjZg dj B^X]Za hjg a¼]^hid^gZ Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ YZ aV cdi^dc YZ bjh Z Zi XdbbZci aZ bjh Z Zhi kZcj eVg jcZ Y X^h^dc Y¼Zc ]Vji! jcZ Y X^h^dc eda^i^fjZ# EgZb^ gZbZci! aZ X]dX YZh bdih edjg eVgVe]gVhZg jcZ [dgbjaZ X a WgZ# :i YZ XZ X]dX YZh bdih! X¼Zhi edjg XZjm fj^ dci eg^h XZiiZ edh^i^dc! ^a n V jcZ g [ gZcXZ dj jc X]d VhhdjgY^hhVci | aV [d^h YZ e g^dYZh YZ cdigZ ]^hid^gZ d ^bb^\gVi^dc Zi cVi^dc dci i Xdc[gdci Zh edjg egdYj^gZ YZ aV m cde]dW^Z Zi YZ a¼ZmXajh^dc · X¼Zhi aZ XVh eVg ZmZbeaZ YZh Vcc Zh &.(% · a¼Vcc Z egdX]V^cZ Y¼V^aaZjgh cdjh Vjgdch jcZ \gVcYZ Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ fj^ kV edgiZg hjg a¼Vc" c Z &.(& eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi a¼Vcc Z | aV [d^h YZ aV \gVcYZ Zmedh^i^dc Xdad" c^VaZ ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZ! o c^i] YZ a¼:be^gZ Xdadc^Va [gVc V^h! Zi Zc b bZ iZbeh X¼Zhi a¼Vcc Z d YVch aV edejaVi^dc [gVc V^hZ! eVg gVeedgi | aV edejaVi^dc YZ a¼ edfjZ! aZh igVc\Zgh dci i aZh eajh cdbWgZjm Zi X¼Zhi Vjhh^ aV e g^dYZ fj^ V Xdjgdcc · e g^dYZ djkZgiZ igZciZ Vch VkVci Zc \gdh · d ^a n VkV^i Zj jc \gVcY igVkV^a Zi jcZ \gVcYZ e g^dYZ Y¼^ci " \gVi^dc Zi YZ cVijgVa^hVi^dc# Ej^h Veg h! Y h aZ Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh (%! Y h ('! ^a n V Zj | cdjkZVj [ZgbZijgZ Zi _jhiZbZci X¼Zhi | XZiiZ e g^dYZ ]^h" idg^fjZ fjZ [dci g [ gZcXZ aZh ]^hidg^Zch fj^ dci eg^h XZiiZ edh^i^dc! &(+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

e g^dYZ fj^ V cVijgZaaZbZci Xjab^c YVch K^X]n! fj^ V [V^i YZ a¼ZmXaj" h^dc Zi YZ aV Y cVijgVa^hVi^dc YZ eajh YZ -% %%% eZghdccZh fj^ VkV^Zci i cVijgVa^h Zh YVch aZh Vcc Zh '% Zi (%! eda^i^fjZ d[ÄX^ZaaZ# ?Z gVeeZaaZ fjZ a¼dgYdccVcXZ Yj \ c gVa YZ <VjaaZ Yj . dXidWgZ &.)) V · X¼Zhi hdc cdb · g iVWa^ aV a \Va^i g ejWa^XV^cZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ idjh aZh iZmiZh! Zi cdiVbbZci idjiZh XZh Y cVijgVa^hVi^dch fj^ dci i [V^iZh ZcigZ &.)& Zi &.))! dci i Z[[VX h Zi aV cVi^dcVa^i [gVc V^hZ V i _fie \WYje gZYdc" c Z Vjm eZghdccZh fj^ Zc VkV^Zci i eg^k Zh# :i ej^h YZjm^ bZbZci! aV g [ gZcXZ fj^ Zhi [V^iZ YVch XZ X]dX YZh bdih Zhi jcZ g [ gZcXZ | a¼^Y dad\^Z m cde]dWZ! | a¼^Y dad\^Z YZ a¼ZmXajh^dc# :i YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! _Z aZ Y^h Zi _Z a¼V^ Y^i / _Z XdbegZcYh aV g VXi^dc | eVgi^g YZ XZ X]dX YZh bdih Zi | eVgi^g YZ XZiiZ YdjWaZ g [ gZcXZ! ]^hid^gZ Zi ^Y dad\^Z# :c gZkVcX]Z! _Z aZ Y^h ZcigZ eVgZci] hZ! _Z cZ hj^h eVh Y¼VXXdgY YVch aV eg^hZ YZ edh^i^dc YZh ]^hidg^Zch VkZX jcZ e]gVhZ d ^ah c^Zci aV kdXV" i^dc YZ a¼wiVi | ÄmZg aZh kVaZjgh dj | h¼^c\ gZg YVch aV Y Äc^i^dc YZh kVaZjgh# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ b XdccV^hhVcXZ YZ XZ fj¼Zhi egd[dcY " bZci aZ \ c^Z YZ a¼wiVi Zc ;gVcXZ Zi YZ cdigZ bZciVa^i # HZh \gVcYh eg^cX^eZh hdci XZjm YZ aV aV X^i Zi ZcXdgZ jcZ [d^h YZgc^ gZbZci aV ad^ hjg aZh h^\cZh gZa^\^Zjm | a¼ XdaZ! bV^h Vjhh^ eVg ZmZbeaZ YVch jc idji VjigZ YdbV^cZ aZh ad^h fj^ dci i [V^iZh hjg aV W^d i]^fjZ! X¼Zhi"|" Y^gZ XdbbZci XdcX^a^Zg | aV [d^h aV c XZhh^i Yj egd\g h YZ aV XdccV^h" hVcXZ! Yj egd\g h YZ aV i] gVeZji^fjZ Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi aZ gZheZXi YZ aV Y^\c^i YZ aV eZghdccZ ]jbV^cZ# A¼Vjidcdb^Z YZ aV kdadci Zi jc XZg" iV^c cdbWgZ YZ eg^cX^eZh fj^ [dci YZ a¼]jbV^c fjZafjZ X]dhZ Y¼^c" iVc\^WaZ! Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg YZ cdc XdbbZgX^Va^hVWaZ! idji V XZ hdci YZh X]dhZh YVch aZhfjZaaZh a¼wiVi | igVkZgh aV ad^! | igVkZgh aZ EVgaZbZci V! Vjm nZjm YZ cdjh idjh | bdc Vk^h! jcZ k g^iVWaZ kdXVi^dc | Y Äc^g YZh edh^i^dch Zi | egZcYgZ Zc XdbeiZ Zi | bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ aZh kVaZjgh g ejWa^XV^cZh# BV^h YZjm^ bZ ed^ci! _Z eZchZ fjZ XZ X]dX YZh bdih Yd^i igZ Y eVhh eVg aV g Va^i YZ aV eda^i^fjZ! Zi hjg XZX^ _¼ kdfjZgV^ YZjm ed^cih# AZ egZb^Zg ed^ci YZ kjZ! X¼Zhi fjZ _Z eZchZ fj¼^a Zhi YZ bVjkV^hZ eda^i^fjZ YZ cZ eVh ji^a^hZg aZh bdih dj aZh Y h^gh! aZh cdi^dch! aZh XdcXZeih · dc eZji ZbeadnZg YZh bdih ^ciZaaZXijZah dj Vj XdcigV^gZ YZh bdih ^ggVi^dccZah · fj^ [dci eVgi^Z YZ aV bZciVa^i XdaaZXi^kZ | jc XZgiV^c bdbZci# ?Z kZjm Y^gZ eVg a| fj¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ iVWdjh hdci XdcigZ"egdYjXi^[h eVg gVeedgi Vjm dW_ZXi^[h fjZ a¼dc eZji gZX]Zg" X]Zg# :i _Z Y^h ig h XaV^gZbZci ej^hfjZ X¼Zhi YZ aV eda^i^fjZ fj¼jc XZg" iV^c cdbWgZ Y¼^beVhhZh! jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼Zaa^ehZh c¼dci eZji" igZ eVh i igVc\ gZh | aV [dgijcZ YZ XZgiV^cZh [dgbVi^dch eda^i^fjZh fj^!

ZaaZh! cZ egZcV^Zci eVh VjiVci YZ eg XVji^dch# :i XZ fjZ _Z kZjm YdcX ')-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Y^gZ h^beaZbZci! X¼Zhi fj¼^a cZ [Vji eVh fjZ a¼ji^a^hVi^dc YZh bdih Zi aZ X]dX YZh bdih Ydci _Z eVgaV^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ hd^Zci kjh YVch jcZ hdgiZ Y¼VcVX]gdc^hbZ# AZh g [ gZcXZh ]^hidg^fjZh Zi ^Y dad\^fjZh Ydci _Z eVgaV^h hdci ^cXdciZhiVWaZh# BV^h _Z eZchZ Vjhh^ fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ ^a [Vji hZ idjgcZg kZgh cdh hdX^ i h iZaaZh fj¼ZaaZh hdci Zi iZaaZh fjZ cdh XdcX^" idnZch aZh kd^Zci Zi aZh eZchZci# 8Vg XZ c¼Zhi eVh jc egdWa bZ [gVc V^h!

X¼Zhi eVgidji Zc :jgdeZ Zi YVch WZVjXdje Y¼VjigZh eVnh Yj bdcYZ! _¼ iV^h Vjm wiVih"Jc^h a¼Vcc Z YZgc^ gZ! Äc Vkg^a"Y Wji bV^ Vj bdbZci YZh \gVcYh Y WVih Zi YZh \gVcYZh bVc^[ZhiVi^dch hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zi hjg ® gkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ YÊ[ij gkÊ jh[ Wc h_YW_d 5 ¯! Vadgh fjZ aZh wiVih"Jc^h k^ZccZci! XdbbZ _Z kdjh a¼V^ Y^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ! Y¼jcZ adc\jZ ]^hid^gZ Y¼^ci \gVi^dc YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch aZjg egdegZ hjWhiVcXZ cVi^dcVaZ# 9dcX _Z eZchZ fjZ egZb^Zg ed^ci! ^a [Vji [V^gZ ViiZci^dc | cZ eVh kdj" ad^g | eVgi^g YZ a^idiZh! | eVgi^g Y¼Zaa^ehZh! Zc [V^i! aV^hhZg X]VeeZg jcZ g Va^i fjZ Y¼VjigZh hdci [g^VcYh Y¼ji^a^hZg edjg aZjg W c ÄXZ! aZjgh W c ÄXZh eda^i^fjZh Zi aZjgh W c ÄXZh ^Y dad\^fjZh# BV^h YZjm^ bZbZci! Zi X¼Zhi a| d aV eda^i^fjZ Y eVhhZ W^Zc ZciZcYj aZ X]dX YZh bdih! a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zhi Zi gZhiZgV! V i ! Zhi Zi gZh" iZgV jcZ XdbedhVciZ YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ# AZh YZjm bdih ZchZb" WaZ dj aZh fjVigZ ej^hfjZ XZ b^c^hi gZ V fjVigZ X]VeZVjm / ^bb^\gV" i^dc! ^ci \gVi^dc! ^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ Zi Y kZadeeZbZci 0 aZh bdih cZ kZjaZci eVh Y^gZ jcZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc / ^ah kZjaZci Y^gZ jcZ Xdcig^Wji^dc# ?Z cZ gZk^Zch eVh hjg XZ fjZ _Z kdjh V^ Y^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ! _Z kdjh a¼V^ Y^i Vj Y Wji! hjg XZ fj¼V i a¼]^hid^gZ! ^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh YZ c^Zg a¼]^h" id^gZ# 6jigZbZci Y^i! fjVcY aZ eg h^YZci YZ aV G ejWa^fjZ! gZ j ]^Zg | a¼] iZa YZ k^aaZ YZ EVg^h! eVgaZ YZ EVg^h XdbbZ Y¼jcZ XVe^iVaZ b i^h" h Z! X¼Zhi jc [V^i Zi X¼Zhi jcZ gZXdccV^hhVcXZ YZ a¼^YZci^i eVg^h^ZccZ Zi YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ iZaaZ fj¼ZaaZ Zhi# AV \ c Vad\^Z Yj eg h^YZci YZ aV G ejWa^fjZ! aV \ c Vad\^Z eZghdccZaaZ Zhi jcZ VjigZ ^aajhigVi^dc YZ aV g Va^i ^cXdcidjgcVWaZ YZ XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ / ^bb^\gVi^dc · ^ci \gV" i^dc · cVi^dc# :i ZcÄc! igd^h^ bZbZci! X]VXjc hV^i ig h W^Zc fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^! Zi X¼Zhi Y¼V^aaZjgh edjg V XdbbZ _Z a¼V^ Zmea^fj idji | a¼]ZjgZ! fjZ cdh kVaZjgh g ejWa^XV^cZh! cdigZ ^ci \gVi^dc ^cY^k^YjZaaZ! g ejWa^XV^cZ Zi jc^kZghVa^hiZ Xd]VW^iZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ VkZX jcZ eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i fj^ c¼Zm^hiV^i eVh _jhfj¼^a n V jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼Vcc Zh# AV e]gVhZ · X¼Zhi aZ i^igZ Y¼jc a^kgZ Zi ZaaZ g hjbZ idji · ® `[ ik_i de_h [j `[ ik_i \hWd W_i ¯# :i _Z Xgd^h YdcX fjZ aV g Va^i YZ aV eda^i^fjZ Yd^i Y eVh" hZg aZ X]dX YZh bdih# :cÄc _Z Y^gV^ edjg aV 8^i ! Zi _Z iZgb^cZgV^ a|"YZh" hjh! _Z Y^gV^ fjZ edjg aV 8^i cdigZ egd_Zi Zhi jc egd_Zi fj^ Zhi ig h · Zi _Z [V^h g [ gZcXZ YdcX a| | a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ · fj^ &(-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zhi ig h aVg\ZbZci Zc [V^i YZ aV eda^i^fjZ Vj hZch d W^Zc h g fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ Y X^h^dc eda^i^fjZ fj^ a¼V Xg Z# FjVcY Bdch^Zjg ?dhe^c Zc '%%& YZbVcYZ jc gVeedgi fj^ | 9g^hh :a NVoVb^ Zi | G bn HX]lVgio hjg XZ hj_Zi! fjZ XZ gVeedgi aj^ Zhi gZb^h Zc cdkZbWgZ '%%&! fj¼Zc cdkZb" WgZ '%%&! A^dcZa ?dhe^c Zi hdc \djkZgcZbZci VkV^Zci Y¼VjigZh hdj" X^h · X¼ iV^i aV eg eVgVi^dc YZ a¼ aZXi^dc eg h^YZci^ZaaZ YZ '%%' · fjZ aV eg h^YZci^ZaaZ YZ '%%' hZ Y gdjaZ XdbbZ dc aZ hV^i! fjZ ?VXfjZh 8]^gVX · VkVci aZ egZb^Zg idjg · YVch jc Y^hXdjgh hjg aV Xd] h^dc cVi^dcVaZ [V^i jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ egdedh^i^dch / cdiVbbZci YZjm! ]VjiZ Vjidg^i YZ ajiiZ XdcigZ aZh Y^hXg^b^cVi^dch Zi 8ZcigZ YZ gZh" hdjgXZh Zi YZ b bd^gZh YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! fj¼jc Vc Veg h! aZ eg h^YZci 8]^gVX VnVci i g aj! hdc \djkZgcZbZci! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Bdch^Zjg GV[" [Vg^c! bZi Zc ¶jkgZ XZ fj¼^a VkV^i Y^i Zc bZ bVcYVci hjg aV Xg Vi^dc YZ XZiiZ 8^i ! ^a Zhi XaV^g fjZ cdjh Vkdch a| jcZ Y X^h^dc YZ XVgVXi gZ eda^" i^fjZ# BV^h aZ egd_Zi aj^"b bZ Vj_djgY¼]j^! YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj Y XgZi Yj &+ cdkZbWgZ fj^ Xg Z a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci ejWa^X Ydci _Z hj^h aZ eg " h^YZci Yj XdchZ^a Y¼dg^ZciVi^dc Zi Ydci aZ eg h^YZci Yj XdchZ^a Y¼VY" b^c^higVi^dc Y¼V^aaZjgh Zhi aZ X]Z[ Y¼jcZ \gVcYZ ZcigZeg^hZ ^iVa^ZccZ! Ydci aZ e gZ ^iVa^Zc Zhi kZcj Zc ;gVcXZ# 8Z egd_Zi! YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ cdigZ hiViji! V hdc ^cY eZcYVcXZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Y^i ig h XaV^gZbZci fj¼^a h¼V\^i YZ gZXdccV igZ Zi YZ bZiigZ Zc kVaZjg aZ eVig^bd^cZ Zi a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc edjg Xdcig^WjZg | bdY^ÄZg aZ gZ\VgY XdciZbedgV^c hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! XZ egd_Zi V YdcX hdc Vjidcdb^Z Zi hdc ^cY eZc" YVcXZ# Cdjh Vkdch fjVigZ b^c^hi gZh YZ ijiZaaZ / a¼:chZ^\cZbZci! aV GZX]ZgX]Z Zi aV 8jaijgZ Zi aZ b^c^hi gZ X]Vg\ YZ a¼>ci \gVi^dc Zi Zc [V^i YdcX! cdigZ igVkV^a edjg bZ gViiVX]Zg | XZ fj^ V i Y^i eVg B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ Zi eVg <jn HVZo! _Z Xgd^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ! aZ bjh Z fjZ cdjh Vaadch [V^gZ! aV 8^i YZ bVc^ gZ eajh \ c gVaZ! aV 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! ZchZbWaZ XjaijgZa XdbeaZmZ! cZ gZa kZ eVh YZ a¼^Y Z YZ egZhXg^ei^dc# Cdjh c¼Vaadch eVh egZhXg^gZ a¼]^hid^gZ Vj hZch d cdjh ^g^dch gVXdciZg a¼]^hid^gZ fj^ cdjh VggVc\Z# 8Z fjZ cdjh Vaadch gVXdciZg X¼Zhi a¼]^hid^gZ iZaaZ fj¼ZaaZ V i YZej^h YZjm h^ XaZh! VkZX hZh ]Vjih Zi hZh WVh! VkZX hZh bdbZcih YZ \ad^gZ Zi YZ ]dciZ! VkZX hZh g jhh^iZh Zi hZh X]ZXh# Dc kV gVXdciZg aZ bVhhVXgZ YZh >iVa^Zch Zc &-.( | 6^\jZh"BdgiZh! >iVa^Zch W^Zc WaVcXh! W^Zc XVi]da^fjZh fj^ dci i bVhhVXg h Zc &-.(# Dc kV gVXdciZg XdbbZci aZh EdadcV^h Zc &.()! fj¼dc VkV^i [V^i kZc^g Zc &.'% edjg igVkV^aaZg YVch aZh b^cZh! dc aZh V b^h YVch YZh igV^ch eVgXZ fj¼Zc &.()! aV XdcXZei^dc VkV^i X]Vc\ Zi dc iV^i Zc eaZ^cZ Xg^hZ Xdcdb^fjZ# Dc aZh V b^h YVch YZh igV^ch edjg aZh gZc" kdnZg | KVghdk^Z dj | 8gVXdk^Z# BV^h dc kV gVXdciZg Vjhh^ aZh ]^hid^gZh ^cY^k^YjZaaZh dj XdaaZXi^kZh fj^ [dci fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ jcZ \gVcYZ eVgi^Z ')/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YZ aV ;gVcXZ Zhi [V^iZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc dj YZ idjh XZh ^bb^\g h Zi eVh hZjaZbZci YVch aZh YdbV^cZh fjZ idji aZ bdcYZ XdccV i! aZh YdbV^cZh YZ aV XjaijgZ! bV^h YVch idjh aZh YdbV^cZh# :i Zc b bZ iZbeh cdjh Vaadch aZ [V^gZ VkZX XZiiZ cdjkZaaZ XdcXZei^dc fj^ Zhi aV XdcXZei^dc Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼dc cZ kV eajh aZ [V^gZ XdbbZ dc a¼VjgV^i [V^i eZji" igZ ^a n V X^cfjVciZ Vch Zc WgdnVci aZh Y^kZgh^i h! aZh XjaijgZh! aZh gZa^\^dch! aZh gVXZh! aZh ^YZci^i h eVgi^Xja^ gZh! Zc aZh WgdnVci YVch jcZ hdgiZ Y¼^YZci^i g ejWa^XV^cZ X^idnZccZ fj^ ^ciZgY^i YZ Y^gZ fjZa" aZh hdci aZh Y^[[ gZcXZh Zi aZh dg^\^cZh# AV XdcXZei^dc Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ X¼Zhi fjZ cdjh Vaadch eZji" igZ! | b^"X]Zb^c ZcigZ aV XdcXZei^dc bja" i^XjaijgVa^hiZ Vc\ad"hVmdccZ Zi aV XdcXZei^dc jc^kZghVa^hiZ [gVc V^hZ! cdjh Vaadch igdjkZg fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ Zhi | aV [d^h ^ci \gViZjg Zi fj^ i^ZccZ XdbeiZ YZ aV Y^kZgh^i # 6jigZbZci Y^i! XZ bjh Z! XZiiZ X^i ! XZ cZ hZgV eVh jcZ ^chi^iji^dc YZ egZhXg^ei^dc bV^h XZ fjZ cdjh kdjadch [V^gZ X¼Zhi aV igVchbZiigZ! ZhhVnZg YZ edgiZg aV k g^i Zi Zc a¼dXXjggZcXZ aV k g^i ]^hidg^fjZ! cdjh c¼Vkdch eVh Y¼VjigZ VbW^i^dc# :i _Z gZegZc" YgV^ edjg XdcXajgZ jcZ e]gVhZ fj^ b¼V i Y^iZ eVg ?VXfjZh =V^cVgY! aZ Y^gZXiZjg Yj bjh Z Y¼:i]cdad\^Z YZ <Zc kZ! fj^ b¼V Y^i / ® Ce_" gkWdZ `[ \W_i kd[ [nfei_j_ed" `[ f[di[ gkÊ[bb[ [ij h kii_[ behigk[ b[i l_i_j[khi iehj[dj Z[ bÊ[nfei_j_ed Wl[Y fbki Z[ gk[ij_edi gkÊ_bi dÊWlW_[dj gkWdZ _bi o iedj h[d# jh i$ ¯ ?Z eZchZ fjZ X¼Zhi cdigZ egd_Zi#

AZh dW_Zih Yj bjh Z / Veegdeg^Vi^dc Zi VeeVgiZcVcXZ <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg =^hidg^ZccZ YZ a¼Vgi! egd[ZhhZjg YZ XdchZgkVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ | a¼>chi^iji YZ eaVc^ÄXVi^dc jgWV^cZ Zi g \^dcVaZ YZ a¼jc^kZgh^i iZX]c^fjZ YZ 7Zga^c

7^Zc fjZ _¼V^Z i XdchZgkViZjg YZ bdcjbZcih ]^hidg^fjZh Zi cdc YZ bjh Zh YVch bV XVgg^ gZ! _Z b¼^ci gZhhZ! YZej^h fjZafjZ iZbeh!

WZVjXdje Vjm dW_Zih YZ bjh Z# Eajh eg X^h bZci / _Z b¼^ci gZhhZ Vjm a^Zjm d ^ah hdci · Zi Vjm a^Zjm d ^ah cZ hdci eVh# AV eg hZcXZ YZh ¶jkgZh YVch jcZ XdaaZXi^dc ^bea^fjZ c XZhhV^gZbZci aZjg VWhZcXZ YVch aZjgh a^Zjm Y¼dg^\^cZ# 6j a^Zj Y¼^\cdgZg dj b bZ Y¼dWhXjgX^g XZ a^Zj Y¼dg^\^cZ! d aZh dW_Zih YZ aV XdaaZXi^dc dci i igdjk h! VX]Z" i h! Zbegjci h! dj eZji" igZ kda h! _Z egdedhZ Y¼^ci \gZg XZ a^Zj YVch aV g ÅZm^dc eVig^bdc^VaZ# 6^ch^! aV eg hZcXZ YZh ¶jkgZh ^X^ Zi aZjg VWhZcXZ a|"WVh hZ g k aZci idjiZh aZh YZjm! iZah YZh [V^ih eVig^bdc^Vjm# BV YZjm^ bZ eg dXXjeVi^dc XdcXZgcZ a¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ# ?Z bZ YZbVcYZ! | fj^ VeeVgi^ZccZci [^cVaZbZci idjiZh XZh ¶jkgZh 4 :i!

Zc hZch ^ckZghZ! fj^ VeeVgi^Zci | Zjm# 6jigZbZci Y^i / fj^! Zc hZ aZh &)%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Veegdeg^Vci! V [dgb jcZ VeeVgiZcVcXZ Vjm ¶jkgZh 4 AZ iZgbZ VeeVg" iZcVcXZ ^bea^fjZ YdcX jc YdjWaZ hZch# >a Y h^\cZ jcZ egdeg^ i ! X^k^aZ dj XjaijgZaaZ XZaV b¼VeeVgi^Zci ! Zi jc ViiVX]ZbZci! eZghdccZa dj Xda" aZXi^[ _¼n VeeVgi^Zch! _¼Zc [V^h eVgi^Z # A¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ Zc XZh YZjm h^\c^" ÄXVi^dch Vgi^XjaZ Zi gZeg hZciZ YZh Ydcc Zh hdX^VaZh Zi XjaijgZaaZh# KZcdch Y¼VWdgY Vj hiViji YZh ¶jkgZh! YZh dW_Zih# Bdch^Zjg HVZo k^Zci YZ Y^gZ fjZ aZh Y^hXdjgh bjh d\gVe]^fjZh Zi aZh aZXijgZh eaj" g^ZaaZh h¼ViiVfjZci Vj hiViji bVi g^Za Zi dW_ZXi^[ YZh dW_Zih YZ bjh Z! XZ fj^ XdggZhedcYgV^i | jcZ Y hVXgVa^hVi^dc# 8¼Zhi a|"YZhhjh fjZ _¼Vi" i^gZ Y¼VWdgY a¼ViiZci^dc# A¼dW_Zi YZ bjh Z · X¼Zhi fjd^ ZmVXiZbZci 4 ?Z egdedhZ YZ h¼Zc VeegdX]Zg hdjh eajh^Zjgh Vc\aZh YZ kjZ / a¼dW_Zi YVch hdc hiViji bVi g^Za VkZX hV hjWhiVcXZ Zi hV [dgbZ 0 a¼dW_Zi YVch hdc hiV" iji a \Va Zi adXVa! Zc iVci fjZ egdeg^ i eg^k Z dj ejWa^fjZ! fj^ Zhi eg hZgk YVch jc a^Zj 0 a¼dW_Zi YVch hdc hiViji h bVci^fjZ! YZ h^\cZ! YZ h^\c^ÄVci! YZ hnbWdaZ! YZ i bd^c! VjfjZa jc hZch V i Viig^Wj | igV" kZgh jcZ Veegdeg^Vi^dc Zi jcZ ^ciZgeg iVi^dc hdX^VaZ# A¼^ciZgeg iVi^dc hdX^VaZ Zhi! XdbbZ kdjh a¼VkZo Y^i! Bdch^Zjg HVZo! eajg^ZaaZ# Dc cZ Xgd^i eajh · Zi X¼Zhi jc eVh ig h ^bedgiVci edjg cdjh idjh! XdchZgkViZjgh YZ bjh Z Zi YZ bdcjbZcih ]^hidg^fjZh · fjZ aV h^\c^ÄXVi^dc YZh dW_Zih Zhi V[ÄX] Z Vjm dW_Zih b bZh! ZaaZ c¼Zhi eVh ^cig^ch fjZ# A¼dW_Zi cZ eVgaZ eVh! X¼Zhi fjZafj¼jc fj^ eVgaZ edjg a¼dW" _Zi# AZh ¶jkgZh cZ cdjh eVgk^ZccZci eVh YZ a¼]^hid^gZ VkZX jcZ h^\c^" ÄXVi^dc ^chXg^iZ fj^ cdjh Y^i / ® 9[Y_ i_]d_Ó[ Y[bW$ ¯ A¼Viig^Wji^dc Y¼jc hZch Zhi aZ g hjaiVi Y¼jcZ ^ciZgkZci^dc hdX^VaZ idj_djgh XdciZbedgV^cZ# 8¼Zc Zhi jcZ! b bZ h^ ZaaZ Zhi [V^iZ eVg jc hVkVci hda^iV^gZ YVch jc XVW^cZi YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Zi ZaaZ c¼Zhi _VbV^h ejWa^ Z# BV^h W^Zc h g fj¼^a [Vji a¼dW_Zi edjg Zc eVgaZg# 6adgh! h^ aV h^\c^[^XVi^dc YZh ¶jkgZh YZ bjh Z Zhi hdX^VaZ" bZci Xdchigj^iZ! cdjh Vkdch V[[V^gZ | jcZ kVg^VWaZ Zi cdc eVh | jcZ XdchiVciZ# H^ X¼Zhi jcZ kVg^VWaZ! fjZah hdci aZh eVgVb igZh fj^ kVg^Zci Zi aZh Y iZgb^cVciZh YZh kVg^Vi^dch 4 ?Z eZchZ! W^Zc h g! | aV [dgbjaZ YZ aV ® YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ ¯ ^cY^k^YjZaaZ dj XdaaZXi^kZ! XjaijgZaaZ dj eda^i^" fjZ# HVch YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! dc c¼VjgV eVh YZ b^hZ Zc kVaZjg! XjaijgZaaZ Zi eVig^bdc^VaZ# Dg! aZh b^hZh Zc kVaZjg hZ hdci [V^iZh eZcYVci ig h adc\iZbeh hj^kVci a¼ X]ZaaZ YZh iZgg^id^gZh# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh hjgegZcVci! eVgXZ fjZ aZh X]ZaaZh Yj iZgg^id^gZ hdci Vjhh^ XZaaZh YZ aV eda^i^fjZ! XZaaZh YZ a¼VYb^c^higVi^dc Zi XZaaZh Yj WjY\Zi# 9dcX! dc eVhhZ Yj adXVa Vj g \^dcVa Zi Vj cVi^dcVa# ² XZh X]ZaaZh XdggZhedcYZci \VaZbZci aZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh ^YZci^iV^gZh! adXVaZh! egdk^cX^VaZh! cVi^dcVaZh# Cdjh Vkdch cdh bjh Zh YZ k^aaZ Zi YZ k^aaV\Z! cdh bjh Zh g \^d" cVjm! WVhfjZh! YVje]^cd^h! g] cVc! WVkVgd^h! Zi cdh bjh h cVi^dcVjm! '*'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YdcX aZh bjh Zh h¼VhhdX^Zci | YZh Zci^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh! gZeg hZci Zh YVch aZh XdaaZXi^dch# 6^ch^! dc gZhiZ ig h ViiVX] Vj Y^hXdjgh iZgg^idg^Va! W^Zc fj¼^a hd^i Xgd^h VkZX aZh XdcXZeih igVchkZghVjm! ided\gVe]^fjZh! i] bVi^fjZh Zi X]gdcdad\^fjZh# BV^ciZcVci! YVch XZ g^X]Z eVnhV\Z YZ bjh Zh Zi Y¼dW_Zih! _Z egdedhZ YZ gZ\VgYZg YZ eajh eg h jc XVh he X^Va fjZ _Z kZjm ^hdaZg# 8¼Zhi aZ XVh Yj \gVcY bjh Z Y¼VgX] dad\^Z XaVhh^fjZ dj dg^ZciVaZ! d aZh dW_Zih YZh XdaaZXi^dch hdci c XZhhV^gZbZci Y¼dg^" \^cZ ad^ciV^cZ! eVg[d^h ig h ad^ciV^cZ! YVch aZ iZbeh Zi YVch aZ bdcYZ# EgZcdch aZh igd^h ig h \gVcYh / aZ F[h]Wced Cki[kc | 7Zga^c! aZ 8h_j_i^ Cki[kc | AdcYgZh! aZ AdjkgZ | EVg^h# ² 7Zga^c! eVg ZmZbeaZ! dc VeegZcY W^Zc fjZ aZh dW_Zih k^ZccZci YZ ad^c! bV^h X¼Zhi Y^i Y¼jcZ bVc^ gZ VhhZo kVh^kZ# Hjg YZ eZi^iZh eVcXVgiZh ViiVX] Zh Vj"YZhhdjh YZh ¶jkgZh! dc a^i ® ][bWd]j[ _di Cki[kc ¯ / a¼dW_Zi ® eVgkZcV^i ¯ Vj bjh Z# 8Z iZgbZ eZgbZi YZ eVgaZg hVch cdbbZg jc VXiZjg! XdbbZ h^ aZh dW_Zih iV^Zci kZcjh idji hZjah# 6^ch^! dc k^iZ jcZ eg X^h^dc Yj bdYZ Y¼VXfj^h# Dc cZ hZ hZci eVh XdcXZgc eVg aV aVXjcZ fjZ aZh dW_Zih dci aV^hh a| dj ^ah cZ hdci eajh# N iV^Zci"^ah kgV^bZci ^\cdg h! cdc kVadg^h h! Zc YVc\Zg YZ eZgiZ dj YZ YZhigjXi^dc 4 EZji" igZ W^Zc! dj ^ah aZ hZgV^Zci bV^ciZcVci! XdbbZ aZ edgiV^a Y¼>h]iVg YZ 7VWnadcZ Zc >gVf# CdiZo fjZ _Z cZ kZjm eVh hdjiZc^g aV XVjhZ YZ XZjm fj^ eVg" aZci YZ ® gVeVig^Zg ¯ aZh X]Z[h"Y¼¶jkgZ fj^ [dci aV \ad^gZ YZh \gVcYh bjh h YZ a¼:jgdeZ# A¼VjiZa YZ EZg\VbZ! aZ \gVcY edgiV^a Yj bVgX] YZ B^aZi | 7Zga^c! aV D_a[ YZ HVbdi]gVXZ Vj AdjkgZ | EVg^h! aZh idbWZVjm \nei^Zch Vj 8h_j_i^ Cki[kc | AdcYgZh Yd^kZci gZhiZg a| d ^ah hdci bV^ciZcVci# ?Z kV^h bZ X^iZg / ® Kd[ \e_i gk[ b[i Äklh[i _cfehj [i jW_[dj [nfei [i ZWdi b[i l_bb[i ZÊWYYk[_b" [bb[i Yecc[d W_[dj } hWoedd[h ZWdi b[kh dekl[Wk Yedj[nj[" } _dY_j[h Z[ dekl[bb[i h[Y^[hY^[i" Z[i fkXb_YWj_edi" Z[i h[fheZkY# j_edi" [j Z[ dekl[bb[i Äklh[i ZÊWhj [j ZÊWhj_iWdWj$ 8h[\ [bb[i fh[dW_[dj f_[Z ZWdi b[kh dekl[Wk b_[k ZÊWffWhj[dWdY[$ ?b i[ Yedij_jkW_j Z[ dekl[bb[i kd_# j i Z[ ijWjkj beYWb" b ]Wb" cWj h_[b" Z[ i_]d_ÓYWj_ed ieY_Wb[c[dj Yedijhk_j[$ ¯ A¼^bedgiVi^dc! a¼VX]Vi! aZ Y idjgcZbZci YZh ¶jkgZh Zi aZjg Veegdeg^V" i^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Vgi^hi^fjZ Zi hdX^VaZ hdci YZkZcjZh YZh [V^ih Y¼]^h" id^gZ! YdcX YZh [V^ih eVig^bdc^Vjm | aZjg egdegZ Ygd^i# AZh ¶jkgZh hdci YZkZcjZh YZh eVig^bd^cZh YVch aZjgh eVnh Y¼VXXjZ^a! Zcidjg Zh YZh ¶jkgZh fj^ aZh gZÅ iZci# :aaZh VeeVgi^ZccZci YdcX W^Zc h g Vj a^Zj d ZaaZh hdci bV^ciZcVci# 8¼Zhi a| fj¼ZaaZh dci \V\c XZ fjZ _¼V^ egdedh YZ cdbbZg jcZ kVaZjg XjaijgZaaZ V_dji Z# :i Zc Z[[Zi aZh gZa^Z[h YZ bVgWgZ YZ a¼VjiZa YZ EZg\VbZ Y XdjkZgih eVg a¼VgX] dad\jZ VbViZjg =jbVcc | EZg\Vbdc dci i gZXdchi^ij h! bdcig h! ^ciZgeg i h | 7Zga^c! hdjh aZh nZjm Y¼V^aaZjgh Zci]djh^Vhb h YZh ZbeZgZjgh <j^aaVjbZ >Zg Zi &)'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

<j^aaVjbZ >>! gVk^h YZ hZ b^gd^iZg Zjm"b bZh! eZghdccZaaZbZci! YVch XZiiZ ¶jkgZ ]Zaa c^hi^fjZ Zi YZ hZ kd^g gd^ YZh 6iiVa^YZh Zi Y^Zjm kV^c" fjZjg YVch aV WViV^aaZ XdcigZ aZh \ Vcih gZeg hZci h hjg aZh gZa^Z[h# :i XdbbZ a¼V Y^i 8Vc 7^ahZa ]^hidg^Zc YZ a¼Vgi ijgXd"Vb g^XV^c YVch hV i] hZ hjg aZ F[h]Wced Cki[kc! eVg gVeedgi | aV gZkZcY^XVi^dc Yj bV^gZ YZ 7Zg\VbZ Zc Ijgfj^Z fj^ V kdjaj fj¼dc gZcYZ a¼VjiZa | hdc a^Zj Y¼dg^\^cZ / a¼VjiZa YZ EZg\VbZ Zc hV eg hZciVi^dc VXijZaaZ Zhi jcZ XdchigjXi^dc ejgZbZci 7Zga^cd^hZ# ® I]ZgZ ^h cd ]dbZ ^i XdjaY \d WVX` id# ¯ BV^h _Z bZ YZbVcYZ idji YZ b bZ / ® 7ffWhj_[dj#_b [dYeh[ kd f[k } b}#XWi 5 ¯ Dj^! | bdc Vk^h! ^a VeeVgi^Zci Vjhh^ Zi idj_djgh jc eZj | 7Zg" \VbZ Zi eVh hZjaZbZci | igVkZgh hdc cdb# AZh cdbWgZjm Zi eg X^Zjm [gV\bZcih YZh gZa^Z[h ]Zaa c^hi^fjZh VeeVgi^ZccZci YdcX a| d ^ah hdci Zi a| d ^ah cZ hdci eVh! Zi d aZjg VWhZcXZ! h^ ZaaZ c¼ iV^i eVh gZhhZci^Z Vj iZbeh YZ =jbVcc a¼VgX] dad\jZ! bV igZ YZh [dj^aaZh YZ EZg\Vbdc! Vj M>MZ h^ XaZ! ZaaZ a¼Zhi bV^ciZcVci# 6j a^Zj YZ Y^gZ fjZ aZh ¶jkgZh VeeVg" i^ZccZci | a¼jc YZh a^Zjm Zi cdc eVh | a¼VjigZ! _Z egdedhZ YZ Y^gZ fj¼Za" aZh dci jcZ YdjWaZ VeeVgiZcVcXZ ig h Vgi^Xja Z# 8ZX^ YZbVcYZ | fj^ aZh eZchZ YVch aZjg VeeVgiZcVcXZ Vj a^Zj VXijZa! YZ aZh eZchZg \VaZ" bZci YVch aZjg VeeVgiZcVcXZ Vj a^Zj Y¼dg^\^cZ Zi k^XZ Zi kZghV# ² bdc Vk^h! ^a [Vji egZcYgZ aZ idji! a¼dW_Zi YVch XZh YZjm XdciZmiZh! aZh Veegd" eg^Vi^dch! aZh XdchigjXi^dch eVig^bdc^VaZh! ZmiZgcZh Zi ^ciZgcZh Zi aZh egdYj^ih YZ g XZei^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi Vgi^hi^fjZ! Zi n kd^g jc g^X]Z egd" Yj^i Y¼]^hid^gZ XjaijgZaaZ eVgiV\ eVg aZh VcX^Zch Zi aZh cdjkZVjm eVnh egdeg^ iV^gZh# BV^h XdbbZci eZji"dc Zc [V^gZ jcZ YdjWaZ gZeg hZciV" i^dc 4 8¼Zhi | kd^g# ?¼V^ YZbVcY | bZh ijY^Vcih YZ XZiiZ Vcc Z Y¼^c" kZciZg jc hiViji cdc cVi^dcVa edjg aZ F[h]Wced Cki[kc Zci^Zg# 8Z c¼ iV^i fj¼jc _Zj! bV^h XZaV V djkZgi jc X]Vbe YZ g ÅZm^dc# 9 cVi^d" cVa^hZg aZ iZgg^id^gZ Y¼jc iZa bjh Z / XdbbZci XZaV eZji"^a igZ eZch 4 H^ XZaV h^\c^ÄZ ® [djWc[h kd[ dekl[bb[ YedijhkYj_ed fWjh_ced_Wb[ Y[jj[ \e_i# Y_ Yecckd[ gk_ l_i[ bÊeX`[j [d iW gkWb_j Z[ fWjh_ce_d[ } ZekXb[ WffWhj[# dWdY[" [nfehj [j _cfehj " fh i[dj" WXi[dj ¯ <YW ! XZ hZgV^i Zc Z[[Zi jcZ k g^iVWaZ XdchigjXi^dc igVchcVi^dcVaZ# :c ViiZcYVci Y¼VaaZg eajh ad^c YVch XZiiZ Y^gZXi^dc! _Z gZk^Zch Vj egdWa bZ Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ YVch aZ hZch ^ckZghZ# 9dcX | fj^ VeeVgi^Zci a¼¶jkgZ 4 ?Z Xgd^h ig h [dgi | aV g X^egdX^i Yj XdcXZei Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ# A¼Veegdeg^Vi^dc ^ciZaaZXijZaaZ Y¼jcZ ¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi! Y¼]^hid^gZ! Vj bjh Z dj Zc YZ]dgh YZh bjh Zh! Xg Z jc hZci^bZci Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ! Y¼ViiV" X]ZbZci Vj hZ^c YZ a¼^cY^k^Yj fj^ hZ a¼Veegdeg^Z# 8¼Zhi jc X]d^m ^cY^" k^YjZa! jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ ^ciZaaZXijZaaZ Zi bdi^kZ# :i kd^a| bdc ZmZb" eaZ! _Z kV^h kdjh Zc gVXdciZg a¼]^hid^gZ# '*)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

:c &.-.! aV [dcYVi^dc 6WZ\\! WVh Z Zc Hj^hhZ! | G^\\^hWZg\ eg h YZ 7ZgcZ! V VX]Zi jc i^hhj Zc a^c eZ^ci egdkZcVci Y¼w\neiZ# >a iV^i Zc ig h bVjkV^h iVi! YZh Wdjih YZ iZmi^aZ [gd^hh h! \g^h"Wgjc! eZj eaV^" hVcih# Dc n VeZgXZkV^i YZh ZcYgd^ih eZ^cih! YZh e^\bZcih WaVcXh! _Vj" cZh! gdj\Zh! Wgjc"gdj\Z# AV gZhiVjgVig^XZ YZh iZmi^aZh Yj bjh Z | G^\" \^hWZg\ aZh V hd^\cZjhZbZci ZmVb^c h! gZXdchi^ij h! gZhiVjg h# ² aV Äc YZ XZ igVkV^a aZci Zi adc\! dc V ej gZXdccV igZ jcZ ¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi ^begZh" h^dccVciZ! W^Zc fjZ idj_djgh [gV\bZci Z# >a h¼V\^i Y¼jc i^hhj bZhjgVci )!(% b hjg &!)* b! XdjkZgi YZ &, ^bV\Zh Zc igd^h gZ\^higZh! gZeg hZciVci YZh hX cZh YZ aV <Zc hZ Zi YZ a¼:mdYZ# :c '%%)! aV [dcYVi^dc 6WZ\\ V ejWa^ jcZ bdcd\gVe]^Z fj^ g hjbZ aZh g hjaiVih YZh ZmVbZch X]^b^" fjZh! aV gZX]ZgX]Z YVch aZ bVi g^Za! aV gZhiVjgVi^dc Zi a¼VcVanhZ Zi a¼^c" iZgeg iVi^dc fj¼Zc V [V^iZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼Vgi# Hjg aV egZb^ gZ ^bV\Z Yj egZb^Zg gZ\^higZ! dc VeZg d^i 6YVb Zi ÏkZ VjmfjZah EhnX] · Zi cdc 9^Zj aZ E gZ · ^che^gZ a¼}bZ# ² \VjX]Z Zc ]Vji! dc kd^i jcZ iVX]Z WaVcX]}igZ! fj^ hZgV^i! hZadc a¼^ciZgeg iVi^dc YZ a¼]^hidg^ZccZ YZ a¼Vgi! aV bV^c YZ 9^Zj fj^ Y^g^\Z EhnX] edjg ^che^gZg a¼}bZ | 6YVb Zi ÏkZ# Cdidch fjZ aV fjVa^i e^XijgVaZ Zi aV XdbeaZm^i ^Xdcd\gVe]^fjZ YZ a¼¶jkgZ hdci XZgiV^cZbZci YZ ig h \gVcY ^ci g i# A¼¶jkgZ V i ^YZci^Ä Z XdbbZ jcZ ¶jkgZ ig h ^bedgiVciZ! jcZ YZh egZb^ gZh! h^ XZ c¼Zhi aV egZb^ gZ gZeg hZciVi^dc eZ^ciZ hjg a^c YZh hX cZh YZ a¼6cX^Zc IZhiVbZci# :aaZ egd_ZiiZ jcZ cdjkZaaZ ajb^ gZ hjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^Xdcd\gVe]^Z X]g i^ZccZ Zi \VaZbZci hjg aZ hiViji hdX^Va Yj X]g^hi^Vc^hbZ Zc w\neiZ YZh egZb^Zgh h^ XaZh YZ cdigZ gZ# A¼¶jkgZ Zhi Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zmedh Z YVch aZ bjh Z YZ aV [dcYVi^dc 6WZ\\ Zc eaZ^c b^a^Zj Y¼jc eVnhV\Z X]Vbe igZ Zc Hj^hhZ egd[dcYZ# ?¼V^ eg^h XdccV^hhVcXZ YZ a¼dW_Zi Zi YZ hdc ]^hid^gZ | igVkZgh jc Vgi^XaZ YVch aZ <hWda\khj[h 7bb][c[_d[ P[_jkd]! ejWa^ eVg aZ Xdaa \jZ Lda[\Vc\ @Zbe! ]^hidg^Zc YZ a¼Vgi VaaZbVcY! fj^ Zhi egd[ZhhZjg | a¼jc^kZgh^i YZ =Vb" Wdjg\# ?¼V^ aj XZi Vgi^XaZ | 7Zga^c# AZ i^hhj VeeVgi^Zci hVch VjXjc YdjiZ Vj bjh Z YZ aV [dcYVi^dc 6WZ\\ | G^\\^hWZg\! Zc Hj^hhZ# 8¼Zhi a| fjZ aZh ZmeZgih aj^ dci gZcYj hdc ^ci \g^i e]nh^fjZ! X¼Zhi a| fj¼dc V Y XdjkZgi hV fjVa^i Y¼¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi Zi YZ i bd^c Y¼]^hid^gZ# Idji XZaV V V_dji YZ aV kVaZjg hdX^VaZ Zi bVi g^ZaaZ | a¼dW_Zi / hV kVaZjg XjaijgZaaZ V_dji Z# BV^h aZ i^hhj VeeVg" i^Zci Vjhh^ | hdc a^Zj Y¼dg^\^cZ Zc w\neiZ! b bZ h^ cdjh cZ hVkdch eVh ZmVXiZbZci d ^a V i egdYj^i ^a n V YZjm b^aaZ Vch! Zi \VaZbZci Vjm iVeZh eg X YZciZh YZ hV eg hZgkVi^dc! Ydci cdjh cZ hVkdch g^Zc# AZ i^hhj gZXdchi^ij cZ Wdj\Z eajh Vj_djgY¼]j^! ^a c¼Zhi eajh kZcYj# Hdc igV_Zi YVch a¼ZheVXZ Zhi Vgg i # BV^h ^a Xdci^cjZ hdc kdnV\Z hdjh [dgbZ YZ gZegdYjXi^dch Zi h¼^a c¼Zhi eajh bVi g^ZaaZbZci VX]ZiVWaZ! dc &))

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

eZji idj_djgh hZ a¼Veegdeg^Zg | igVkZgh jc cdjkZVj Y^hXdjgh# B bZ jcZ eZghdccZ fj^ c¼V _VbV^h kj a¼dg^\^cVa eZji hZci^g jcZ [dgiZ VeeVg" iZcVcXZ | jcZ ¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi dj jc dW_Zi eVig^bdc^Va | igVkZgh aV eg " hZcXZ YZh gZegdYjXi^dch# AZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh fj^ eZjkZci ZcXdgZ hZ Xg Zg YZ XZiiZ bVc^ gZ cZ hdci eVh a^b^i Zh! c^ YVch aZ iZbeh! c^ YVch a¼ZheVXZ# ?Z [V^h eVgi^Z bV^ciZcVci Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji eVig^bdc^VaZ Xdchigj^iZ Vjidjg Y¼jc i^hhj \nei^Zc Yj fjVig^ bZ h^ XaZ! eZji" igZ aVg\^Z bV^ciZcVci eVg kdjh fj^ b¼ XdjiZo ^X^ | <gZcdWaZ# 8dbbj" cVji djkZgiZ! hVch dWa^\Vi^dc ^YZci^iV^gZ! XVg a¼Zc_Zj c¼Zhi eVh aV [dg" bVi^dc Y¼jc XdaaZXi^[ | [dgiZ Xd] h^dc hdX^VaZ! bV^h a¼^ci g i eVgiV\ edjg jcZ ¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi# H^ aZh XdchigjXi^dch eVig^bdc^VaZh Zi aZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh YZh eVig^" bd^cZh Zi Vjm eVig^bd^cZh c¼dci eVh YZ a^b^iZh hdX^VaZh Zi iZgg^idg^V" aZh! aZh dW_Zih dci W^Zc YZh a^b^iZh# >ah c¼Zm^hiZci fj¼jcZ [d^h! dW_Zih dj W}i^bZcih! aZjg hjWhiVcXZ Zi aZjg [dgbZ hdci hZch^WaZh Vjm Vai gVi^dch# >a [Vji YdcX aZh egdi \Zg# 8¼Zhi edjg V W^Zc h g fj¼^a n V idjiZh aZh ad^h YZ egdiZXi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa W}i^ Zi dW_ZXi^[# 8¼Zhi edjg XZaV Vjhh^ fj¼^a n V aZh XdckZci^dch Yj 8dchZ^a YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi YZ a¼JcZhXd Vj c^kZVj ^ciZgcVi^dcVa! jc Ygd^i hjegVcVi^dcVa YZ egdiZXi^dc# Ig h g XZbbZci! aZ 8dchZ^a YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zhi Vaa eajh ad^c# >a V ZciVb aV XdY^ÄXVi^dc Y¼jc Ygd^i Vj eVig^bd^cZ fj^ egZcY XdchX^ZcXZ Yj [V^i fjZ aZh XZgXaZh ^YZci^iV^gZh! adXVjm! g \^dcVjm Zi cVi^dcVjm fj^ g jc^hhV^Zci eVig^bd^cZ Zi edejaVi^dc cZ eZjkZci igZ Xdc jh XdbbZ VkVci# AV XdckZci^dc YZ ;Vgd! djkZgiZ | aV h^\cVijgZ Zc '%%*! Vj a^Zj YZ Y Äc^g aZh Ydcc Zh \ d\gVe]^fjZh! eda^i^fjZh dj Zi]c^fjZh fj^ a^Zci aZh ]dbbZh | YZh eVig^bd^cZh Zi k^XZ"kZghV! ^cigdYj^i aV cdi^dc YZ aV XdbbjcVji eVig^bdc^VaZ djkZgiZ# AZh ^cY^k^Yjh X]d^h^hhZci YZ h¼Vh" hdX^Zg | jcZ XdbbjcVji eVig^bdc^VaZ! dj h¼Zc Y^hhdX^Zci hZadc aZjgh WZhd^ch Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ Zi Vj \g YZ aZjgh bdjkZbZcih | igVkZgh a¼Zh" eVXZ ided\gVe]^fjZ Zi hdX^Va# ?Z X^iZ / ® Kd[ YecckdWkj fWjh_ced_Wb[ i[ Yecfei[ Z[ f[hiedd[i gk_ WjjWY^[dj Z[ bW lWb[kh } Z[i Wif[Yji if Y_Ógk[i Zk fWjh_ce_d[ Ykbjkh[b" gkÊ[bb[i iek^W_j[dj" ZWdi b[ YWZh[ Z[ bÊWYj_ed fkXb_gk[" cW_dj[d_h [j jhWdic[jjh[ Wkn ] d hWj_edi \kjkh[i$ ¯ AV XdbbjcVji c¼Zhi YdcX eVh Y Äc^Z eVg aZ a^Zj dj W^Zc aZ iZgg^id^gZ$a¼wiVi d hZ igdjkZ aZ eVig^bd^cZ# AZh eZghdccZh eZjkZci eVgi^X^eZg | Y^hiVcXZ! b bZ Yj ad^ciV^c# AV Y Äc^i^dc hdX^VaZ c¼Zhi c^ ZmXajh^kZ c^ ^cXajh^kZ# Edjg igZ bZbWgZ Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji eVig^bdc^VaZ! ^a hj[Äi Y¼VXXdgYZg YZ aV kVaZjg | jc eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa Zi YZ kdjad^g aZ igVchbZiigZ# 9dcX XZ c¼Zhi eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci jcZ XdbbjcVji ^YZci^iV^gZ | [dgiZ Xd] h^dc Zi | adc\jZ Yjg Z# :aaZ eZji igZ hZXidg^ZaaZ! cZ g jc^hhVci fjZ aZh VbV" iZjgh Y¼jc XZgiV^c ineZ YZ eVig^bd^cZ# :aaZ eZji igZ igVch^id^gZ! cZ '*+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

[dcXi^dccVci fjZ edjg jc iZbeh a^b^i _jhfj¼| XZ fj¼dc V^i ViiZ^ci dj cdc jc XZgiV^c Wji# :aaZ eZji igZ g \^dcVaZ! cVi^dcVaZ dj igVchcVi^d" cVaZ# 8¼Zhi jc bdY aZ hdX^Va fj^ eZgbZi YZ g jc^g aZh ^cY^k^Yjh! X]Zg" X]Zjgh! k^h^iZjgh! VbViZjgh! fj^ hZ hdci Veegdeg^ h jc eVig^bd^cZ! fj^ dci ej hZ Xg Zg jcZ VeeVgiZcVcXZ eZghdccZaaZ | jc dW_Zi eVig^bdc^Va# >ah [dgbZgdci jc XdaaZXi^[ fj^ eZji igZ ig h [ZgbZ YVch hV Y Äc^i^dc!

Zi hdX^VaZbZci djkZgi Zc b bZ iZbeh# AZh eZghdccZh fj^ VeeVgi^Zc" cZci hdci a| eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZh dci X]d^h^ YZ eVgi^X^eZg | aV XdchigjXi^dc eVig^bdc^VaZ fj^ Zhi Zc Xdjgh# 8dbbZci hj^kgZ XZi Zckda YZ a¼^bV\^cV^gZ 4 8dbbZci hZ XdcXg " i^hZ jcZ XdbbjcVji eVig^bdc^VaZ | jc XZgiV^c bdbZci 4 EdjggV"i" ZaaZ ^ciZgkZc^g Zc hV fjVa^i YZ \gdjeZbZci djkZgi 4 FjZa hZgV^i hdc hjeedgi _jg^Y^fjZ! VYb^c^higVi^[! eda^i^fjZ dj XjaijgZa 4 8¼Zhi | kd^g# AZ XdcXZei YZ a¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ Veea^fj Vjm dW_Zih Zi Vjm eZghdccZh YZbVcYZ jcZ higjXijgZ djkZgiZ Zi \Va^iV^gZ# AV gZXdccV^hhVcXZ YZh XdchigjXi^dch eVig^bdc^VaZh igVchcVi^dcVaZh cZ eZji hZ [V^gZ fj¼| igV" kZgh jcZ c \dX^Vi^dc Xdci^cjZ eVgb^ aZh VXiZjgh# AV Xdbe iZcXZ ^ciZg" XjaijgZaaZ Ydci ^ah Vjgdci WZhd^c edjg W^Zc bZcZg aZh c \dX^Vi^dch Zc hZgV aV XdcY^i^dc Zi aV hj^iZ# Kd^a| jc igVkV^a | ZciVbZg | igVkZgh aZh ^chi^iji^dch adXVaZh! cVi^dcV" aZh! g \^dcVaZh! ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZh! igVchcVi^dcVaZh / aZ X]Vci^Zg Zhi djkZgi# waj i bd^c / >kVc GZcVg H cViZjg Yj CdgY! k^XZ"eg h^YZci YZ aV Xdbb^hh^dc YZh 6[[V^gZh XjaijgZaaZh Yj H cVi

?Z Yd^h kdjh Y^gZ! edjg eVgaZg [gVcX]ZbZci! YZkVci XZiiZ cdWaZ VhhZbWa Z Zi YZkVci a¼dgYgZ Yj _djg Yj XdaadfjZ! fjZ _Z egZcYh idji XZaV VkZX YZh bV^ch igZbWaVciZh XdbbZ dc Y^i YZ aV g [dgbZ YZ aV 8dchi^iji^dc Zi VkZX ]jb^a^i Vjhh^ eVgXZ fjZ a¼ aj fjZ _Z hj^h Zc kdjh kdnVci egZcY aZh X]dhZh VkZX WZVjXdje YZ bdYZhi^Z! Zc hZ hdjkZcVci Zc eZgbVcZcXZ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh aZ eVeZ ?jaZh >> fj^ V eZ^ci aZh eaV" [dcYh YZ aV X]VeZaaZ H^mi^cZ Zi fjZ a¼]^hid^gZ Yj e^cXZVj c¼Zhi eVh a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ aV eZ^cijgZ# ?Z kV^h YdcX [V^gZ jcZ egdbZcVYZ Vjidjg Yj hj_Zi# ?Z kV^h hdgi^g Yj bjh Z edjg b^Zjm n ZcigZg# :i fjVcY _Z egdcdcXZgV^ aZh bdih XjaijgZ kdjh eZchZgZo bjh Z# AZ bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ Ydci dc eVgaZ V i Xg VkVci a¼ XdaZ ejWa^fjZ! XdbbZ aZ i] }igZ Y¼V^aaZjgh# ?¼ZhhV^ZgV^ Y¼ k^" iZg Vjhh^ XZ fjZ cdjh VjigZh! aZh eVgaZbZciV^gZh! VeeZadch aZh igd^h A YVch aZ Y WVi WjY\ iV^gZ / A^iVc^Z! A^ijg\^Z! A i]Vg\^Z# Ej^hfjZ cdjh hdbbZh YVch jc Y WVi eda b^fjZ hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! _Z Yd^h Y^gZ fjZ _Z eVgiV\Z XZ fj¼V Y^i ?VXfjZh IdjWdc# 8Z fj^ bdcigZ W^Zc fjZ aV a^\cZ &)+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

YZ eVgiV\Z hjg XZh fjZhi^dch"a| c¼Zhi eVh jcZ a^\cZ YZ eVgiV\Z Ygd^iZ" \VjX]Z# 8ZaV Y^i! aZ gVeedgi Vj eda^i^fjZ X¼Zhi aZ XdaadfjZ aj^"b bZ Zi XZ fjZ _¼ZciZcYh YZej^h XZ bVi^c bZ Xdc[dgiZ YVch XZiiZ ^Y Z# 9¼VjiVci fj¼^a [Vji gZXdccV igZ fj¼| cdigZ edfjZ aV eaVXZ YZ aV XjaijgZ! YZ aV Xg Vi^dc YVch cdigZ hdX^ i YZbZjgZ jc XdbWVi# ?¼ji^a^hZ aZ bdi Xdb" WVi! X¼Zhi jc iZgbZ b^a^iV^gZ bV^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ dc eVgaV^i YZ X]dX YZh ^Y Zh! X¼Zhi jc Y WVi eZgbVcZci bV^h edjg dWiZc^g! ^a [Vji a¼VXi^dc# A¼VWhZcXZ YZh bdih XjaijgZ! Vgi Zi eajh ZcXdgZ Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! YVch aV g XZciZ XVbeV\cZ eg h^YZci^ZaaZ Zi YVch XZaaZ Zc Xdjgh YZh a \^haV" i^kZh! Zc i bd^\cZ# EdjgiVci aZh XdbWVih edjg aV XjaijgZ Zi edjg aV Y bdXgVi^Z hdci YZ b bZ cVijgZ! a^ h | aV X^i # 9Zh XdbWVih eda^i^" fjZh! Vj bZ^aaZjg hZch Yj iZgbZ! eVh Vj hZch eda^i^X^Zc! a^ h | XZiiZ ^Y Z fjZ aV XjaijgZ Zi aV eda^i^fjZ hdci aV bZ^aaZjgZ [V dc Y¼VhhjbZg hdc YZhi^c Zi cdc eVh YZ aZ hjW^g# :i W^Zc Vj"YZa| YZh Y WVih hjg aV Xdbe " iZcXZ YZh jch Zi YZh VjigZh! aV XjaijgZ XdbbZ aZh Ygd^ih YZ a¼]dbbZ hdci YZh Xdbe iZcXZh YZ XVgVXi gZ jc^kZghZa 0 ZaaZh cdjh XdcXZgcZci idjh! X^idnZch Zi ^chi^iji^dch# 6adgh igd^h eVgi^Zh edjg XZi Zmedh ! edjg jcZ Zhe XZ YZ [Zj^aaZ YZ gdjiZ# AZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi aZh gVeedgih VkZX aZh eda^i^fjZh / Zc a¼dXXjggZcXZ X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ edjg bd^ aZh eda^i^fjZh XZ hdci aZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh Zi aV eda^i^fjZ! aZh ajh Yj hj[[gV\Z jc^kZg" hZa! fj^ gZeg hZciZci aZ eZjeaZ hdjkZgV^c fj^ ZhhVnZ YZ h¼VkVcXZg# EVg XZh iZbeh YZ WVgWVg^Z dgY^cV^gZ d a¼dc V eVg[d^h a¼^begZhh^dc YZ i}iZg a¼VkZc^g VkZX jcZ XVccZ WaVcX]Z! _Z Yd^h Y^gZ fjZ YZh bdbZcih YZ X^k^a^hVi^dc fjZ _Z eVgiV\Z VkZX kdjh YZej^h XZ bVi^c hdci VhhZo gVgZh edjg b g^iZg Y¼ igZ eaZ^cZbZci hVkdjg h# AZ bjh Z! _Z aZ Y^hV^h!

Zhi c VkVci a¼ XdaZ ejWa^fjZ Zi _Z a¼VkdjZ! _Z hj^h YZ eVgi^ eg^h! _Z cZ aZ XVX]Z eVh! cdjgg^ YZh igVY^i^dch YZh Ajb^ gZh fj^ dci [dcY aZh eg^cX^" eZh YZ aV G ejWa^fjZ# ?Z eZchZ | 8dcYdgXZi / ® FWi Z[ b_X[hj fekh bÊ_]de# hWdj ¯! XZ \gVcY bdi YZ aV G ejWa^fjZ# :i | aV 8dchi^iji^dc YZ a¼6c >! fj^ Y^hV^i YVch hdc eg VbWjaZ / ® B[ fW_d [j bÊ ZkYWj_ed iedj b[i Z[kn fh[# c_[hi X[ie_di Zk f[kfb[ ¯ Zi | cdigZ edfjZ aZ eV^c X¼Zhi a¼Zbead^ W^Zc ZciZcYj! Zi a¼ YjXVi^dc idji XZ fj^ idjX]Z | aV [dgbVi^dc! | aV XjaijgZ! Zc [V^i idji XZ fj^ Xdcig^WjZ | a¼ eVcdj^hhZbZci YZ idjiZh aZh XVeVX^i h ]jbV^cZh# Dc cdjh Y^i hdjkZci / ® Jekj Y[bW Ye j[ Y^[h ¯! XZgiV^ch Xdbe" iVWaZh hje g^Zjgh! Vggd\Vcih Zi \aVX h! cdjh eVgaZci idj_djgh Yj Xd i YZ aV XjaijgZ Zc aV igV^iVci Y¼V^aaZjgh Y¼jc hZja ed^ci YZ kjZ ÄcVcX^Zg! Xdcdb^fjZ Zi ÄhXVa bV^h hZ \VgYZci W^Zc YZ edhZg aV fjZhi^dc Yj Xd i YZ a¼VWhZcXZ YZ XjaijgZ# :i dc V kj XZ fjZ XZaV V Ydcc YVch cdh fjVg" i^Zgh# >a [VjYgV W^Zc jc _djg fj¼dc hdgiZ YZ aV Y bVgX]Z hZadc aVfjZaaZ ^a Zhi [ViVa fj¼^a hd^i [ViVa fjZ aV XjaijgZ hd^i idj_djgh igV^i Z Veg h# :i '*-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

h^ a¼wiVi ] h^iZ! dc kd^i k^iZ aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h W \VnZg! aZh hdjhigVXi^dch Y¼Zc ]Vji ZcXdjgV\Zci aZh hdjhigVXi^dch Y¼Zc WVh Zi eVh hZjaZbZci hjg aZ eaVc XdbeiVWaZ# Cdjh cZ hdbbZh eajh · ej^hfjZ a¼dc eVgaV^i YZ 8da" WZgi Zi YZ Adj^h M>K idji | a¼]ZjgZ · cdjh cZ hdbbZh eajh | a¼ edfjZ YZ aV XVhhZiiZ YZh bZcjh eaV^h^gh XdbbZ Y^hV^i ?ZVc K^aVg# AV XjaijgZ Zhi jcZ Y X^h^dc Y¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci ]jbV^c hjg aZ adc\ iZgbZ eVgXZ fjZ edjg aV XjaijgZ! X¼Zhi aV adc\jZ eg hZcXZ fj^ Zhi ZhhZci^ZaaZ XdbbZ aZ iZbeh ]jbV^c / aZh XdchZgkViZjgh YZ bjh Z hdci W^Zc eaVX h edjg aZ hVkd^g# :i jc^g YVch jc b bZ hdjX^ aZ XjaijgZa! a¼ Xdcdb^fjZ! aZ hdX^Va Zhi jcZ WdccZ [V dc YZ egZcYgZ aZh ]dbbZh! aZh [ZbbZh YVch idj" iZh aZjgh Y^bZch^dch# 6adgh dc cdjh edhZ eVg[d^h aV fjZhi^dc / ® DÊ[ij# Y[ fWi jhef WcX_j_[kn 5 ¯ BV^h edjgfjd^ cdh XdcX^idnZch c¼VjgV^Zci"^ah eVh Ygd^i Vj bZ^aaZjg YZ XZ fj¼Zhi XVeVWaZ YZ Xg Zg a¼]dbbZ YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZh Vgih XdbbZ YVch XZaj^ YZh hX^ZcXZh Zi cVijgZaaZbZci YVch XZaj^ Yj eVig^bd^cZ 4 Hdndch a^iV^gZh edjg idjh hZadc aV WZaaZ ZmegZhh^dc Y¼6cid^cZ K^iZo# AV XjaijgZ c¼Zhi eVh jc hjeea bZci Y¼}bZ dj jcZ Y XdgVi^dc fj¼dc edgiZ | aV Wdjidcc^ gZ# 8dbbZ Y^hV^i 9Z\Vh! ^a n V eajh Y¼jc h^ XaZ! aV XjaijgZ c¼Zhi eVh jc ajmZ! ZaaZ Zhi YZ egZb^ gZ c XZhh^i # :i eajh Y¼jc h^ XaZ eajh iVgY! XdbbZ _Z aZ Y^hV^h Zc ^cigd" YjXi^dc! gZXdccV igZ aZ g aZ ^ggZbeaV VWaZ YZ aV XjaijgZ! YZ aV Xg Vi^dc YVch cdigZ hdX^ i gZhiZ jc XdbWVi# A¼ji^a^i hdX^VaZ! aV [dcXi^dc hdX^VaZ YZ a¼Vgi! YZh Vgi^hiZh! kd^a| XZ fj^ Xd\cZ | aV k^igZ YZ cdigZ eVnh# :i aV fjZhi^dc [dcYVbZciVaZ! XgjX^VaZ! c¼Zhi"ZaaZ eVh XZaaZ"X^ / aV hdX^ i Zc '%%, Zhi"ZaaZ eg iZ | VXXjZ^aa^g a¼Vgi! hZ a¼Veegdeg^Zg! Zc [V^gZ jcZ [dgXZ YZ g ÅZm^dc# 8dbbZci cZ eVh kd^g fjZ aZh ¶jkgZh YZh Vgi^hiZh! fjZa fjZ hd^i aZjg h^ XaZ! fj¼^ah hd^Zci ed iZh! X]VciZjgh! eZ^cigZh dj bjh^" X^Zch hdci | aV [d^h aZ gZÅZi Zi aZ egd_Zi YZ XZiiZ edfjZ idjgbZci Z! YZ XZ bdcYZ Zc igVch^i^dc 4 8¼Zhi edjg XZaV fjZ aZh ajh fjZ cdjh hdb" bZh! fj^ Vkdch cdigZ eVgi YZ X]Vg\Z Zi YZ gZhedchVW^a^i h! Vjm X i h YZ a¼wYjXVi^dc cVi^dcVaZ dj Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ! eZchdch fjZ aV XjaijgZ Vgi^hi^fjZ Yd^i egZcYgZ jcZ eaVXZ g ZaaZ YVch a¼ XdaZ! YVch aV k^Z fjdi^Y^ZccZ Zi fj¼^a [Vji bdY^ÄZg Zc egd[dcYZjg XZiiZ g Va^i Y¼jcZ YjXVi^dc Vgi^hi^fjZ igde hdjkZci b^c^b^h Z Zi ^chj[ÄhVciZ edjg cZ eVh Y^gZ Zc hdj[[gVcXZ dj Zc Y h] gZcXZ# Fj^ cZ kd^i eVh eVg ZmZbeaZ fjZ XZh b^aa^Zgh Y¼Zc[Vcih! YZ _ZjcZh! fj^ k^ZccZci YVch jc XdcXZgi! fj^ k^ZccZci YVch a¼jc YZ cdh bjh Zh! fj^ Vhh^hiZci | jcZ gZeg hZciVi^dc i] }igVaZ dci jc kdXVWjaV^gZ Y _| eajh g^X]Z Zc hdg" iVci 4 :i _¼dhZgV^ Y^gZ fj¼^ah iZcYZci | Vkd^g idjh aZh d^hZVjm Yj bdcYZ YVch aZjg kda^ gZ# :i aZh Zc[Vcih! XdbbZ Y^hV^i 6cYg BVagVjm / ® B} [ij bW Yb Zk jh ieh ¯ Dc cdjh Y^i fjZafjZ[d^h / ® 9Ê[ij X_[d X[Wk lei _dj[d# j_edi cW_i d[ jhekl[p#leki fWi gk[ lejh[ WjjWY^[c[dj } bW Yh Wj_ed" } bW &)-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Ykbjkh[ [ij b_j_ij[ [j [dÓd" [ij#Y[ X_[d kj_b[ 5 ¯ 6j bdbZci d ^a n V iVci YZ egdWa bZh! Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg iVci YZ b^h gZ! XZh iZgg^ÄVcih ® f f_di Z[ bW h Wb_j ¯ Ydci eVgaV^i ?VXfjZh Eg kZgi! Z] W^Zc _Z g edcYh Zc XZ fj^ bZ XdcXZgcZ ® ek_ ¯# EVh jc dj^ YZ Xdjgid^h^Z! jc dj^ XdbWVi^[! jc dj^ Vhhjg YZ aj^# :i h^ _¼VkV^h jc bZhhV\Z | Y a^kgZg Vj_djgY¼]j^! XZ hZgV^i / ® DÊWoedi fWi f[kh Zk d[k\" Z[ bÊ_dl[dj_ed" Z[ bÊ_cW]_dWj_ed$ ¯ 6iiZci^dc | aV gdj^aaZ ]^hidg^fjZ :i _Z hj^h W^Zc eaVX edjg kdjh Zc eVgaZg# AZh Vgi^hiZh igVkV^aaZci VkZX YZh bV^ch Y¼VkZc^g# Cdjh Vkdch WZhd^c Y¼^c" kZci^dc# ® @Ê_dl[dj[ ZedY `[ ik_i ¯ V Xg^i aZ ed iZ# 8dbbZci k^kgZ VkZX hdc iZbeh hVch eZchZg aZ [jijg Zi hVch edjgiVci ^chjaiZg aZ eVhh 4 ÌigZ jc ] g^i^Zg Vj hZch [dgi Yj iZgbZ! c¼Zhi"XZ eVh eg hZgkZg Zi [V^gZ [gjXi^" ÄZg a¼VXfj^h Zc [V^hVci VeeZa ]VgY^bZci | aV Xg Vi^dc 4 C¼Zhi"XZ eVh Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ hZ hdjkZc^g YZ a¼VkZc^g 4 9¼V^aaZjgh fjZa edjggV^i igZ aZ eVig^bd^cZ YZ YZbV^c hVch aV Xg Vi^dc Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 :i! ZcigZ cdjh! aV fjZhi^dc / ® ;ij#Y[ kj_b[ 5 ¯ c¼Zhi eVh jcZ kgV^Z fjZhi^dc! eVgXZ fj¼ji^aZ VkZX fjZafjZh aZiigZh YZ eajh V h¼ Xg^i ji^a^iV^gZ! ji^a^iVg^hiZ! V h¼ Xg^i ji^a^hVi^dc Zi X¼Zhi | jcZ VjigZ egd[dcYZjg fj¼^ciZgk^Zci aV [dcXi^dc ^ggZbeaV VWaZ YZ aV Xg Vi^dc Vgi^hi^fjZ# 6adgh | eVgi^g YZ XZ fjZ _Z k^Zch YZ Y^gZ! fj^ Zhi jcZ [Zj^aaZ YZ gdjiZ eZghdccZaaZ bV^h fjZ _Z Xgd^h eVgiV\ Z VkZX WZVjXdje YZ Xdaa \jZh ajh! VeeVgV i aV c XZhh^i YZ eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh | idjh aZh c^kZVjm / :jgdeZ! wiVi! g \^dc! Y eVgiZbZci! V\\adb gVi^dc# AV Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc! aZh cdjkZaaZh eg^hZh YZ Xdbe iZcXZ! a¼wiVi Zhi Y hdgbV^h b^cdg^iV^gZ YVch hZh [^cVcXZbZcih · dc aZ kd^i eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci VkZX aZh bjh Zh · Zc b bZ iZbeh aZ X]Vci^Zg Zhi iZaaZbZci ^bedgiVci fj¼VjXjc YZh a bZcih YZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh YVch cdigZ eVnh cZ eZji | aj^ hZja VhhjbZg aZh ÄcVcXZbZcih c XZhhV^gZh# Idji aZ bdcYZ Yd^i YdcX hZ gZigdjkZg Vjidjg YZ aV iVWaZ edjg YZh eVgiZcVg^Vih Zi a¼ZmVbZc YZh X]dhZh# Hjgidji h^ dc \gZ[[Z | idji XZaV aV fjZhi^dc hdX^VaZ! Zi a| _Z bZ eZgbZiigV^ Zc \j^hZ Y¼^ciZgb YZ jcZ eZi^iZ ^cX^hZ fjZ bZ eZgbZi K^Xidg =j\d / ® Eklhedi Z[i b_[kn Z[ Ykbjkh[" deki Z b_lh[hedi Z[i ]^[j# jei ¯# AV igV\ Y^Z YZh k^daZcXZh jgWV^cZh YZ cdkZbWgZ '%%* VeedgiZ jcZ ajb^ gZ XgjZ | XZ fj¼V[ÄgbV^i K^Xidg =j\d ^a n V eajh Y¼jc h^ XaZ# :i h^ kdjh kdjaZo! _Z kV^h kdjh a^gZ jc idji eZi^i ZmigV^i YZ BÊ7dd [ j[h# h_Xb[! hdc ed bZ À gk_ bW \Wkj[ 5 / ® Jk l_[di ZÊ_dY[dZ_[h bW X_Xb_ej^ gk[ 5 Å Ek_" `ÊW_ c_i b[ \[k b}$ Å CW_i YÊ[ij kd Yh_c[ _dek 9h_c[ Yecc_i fWh je_ Yedjh[ je_#c c[" _d\~c[ P°R B[ b_lh[ [ij jW h_Y^[ii[ } je_" YÊ[ij b[ iWle_h" b[ Zhe_j" bW l h_j " bW l[hjk" b[ Z[le_h" b[ fhe]h i [j bW hW_ied Z_ii_fWdj jekj Z b_h[ [j jk Z jhk_i Y[bW" je_ Å @[ d[ iW_i fWi b_h[$ ¯ '*/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Edjgfjd^ _Z kdjh X^iZ XdbbZ V K^Xidg =j\d! X¼Zhi eVgXZ fjZ _Z eZchZ fj¼^a c¼n V eVh YZ \gVcYZ eda^i^fjZ adXVaZ! cVi^dcVaZ! Zjgde ZccZ c^ YZ k g^iVWaZ egd_Zi YZ hdX^ i fj^ cZ eVhhZ eVg jcZ \gVcYZ eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ! aVfjZaaZ Zhi Vjhh^ jcZ Y^bZch^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZ Y¼jcZ eda^i^fjZ hdX^VaZ VbW^i^ZjhZ# 8dbbZ eVgVaa aZbZci! VjXjcZ eda^i^fjZ Xjaij" gZaaZ Y^\cZ YZ XZ cdb cZ h¼VXXdbeV\cZ YZ a¼V[ÄgbVi^dc YZ a¼Vjidcd" b^Z YZh egd_Zih XjaijgZah! YZ aV a^WZgi YZ Xg Vi^dc YZh Vgi^hiZh XdbbZ Yj Ygd^i YZh X^idnZch | gZcXdcigZg aZh ¶jkgZh# 8¼Zhi XZ fj^ b¼V Vc^b fjVcY _¼V^ i VbZc | egdedhZg | bZh Xdaa \jZh Yj H cVi Zi Zchj^iZ YZ a¼6hhZbWa Z cVi^dcVaZ aV egdedh^i^dc YZ ad^ Xg Vci a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci ejWa^X YZ Xdde gVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ fj¼^ah dci W^Zc kdjaj VYdeiZg | a¼jcV" c^b^i # 8¼Zhi kdjh Y^gZ h^ dc eZji [V^gZ gZXjaZg fjZafjZ[d^h aZh [gdci^ " gZh# 6adgh aZ hiViji Y¼:eXX c¼Zhi eVh jcZ eVcVX Z cVijgZaaZbZci! V cZ gZbeaVXZ eVh jc Wdc WjY\Zi YZ aV 8jaijgZ | idjh aZh c^kZVjm YZ a¼wiVi! YZh XdaaZXi^k^i h! bV^h X¼Zhi jcZ hdaji^dc YZ \Zhi^dc cdjkZaaZ fj^ eZg" bZi aZ gZheZXi! a¼Vjidcdb^Z YZh eVgiZcV^gZh egd[Zhh^dccZah dj Vgi^hi^" fjZh Zi YZ XdchVXgZg Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ aZ eVgiZcVg^Vi YZ idjh XZjm fj^ XdcXdjgZci | aV k^Z XjaijgZaaZ YZ cdigZ eVnh# 6adgh h^ aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh _djZci jc g aZ YZ eajh Zc eajh ^bedgiVci | aV ]VjiZjg \VaZbZci YZ aZjgh Zc\V\ZbZcih ÄcVcX^Zgh hVch eg X YZci! a¼dc hV^i W^Zc fjZ aZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah c¼Zc hdj]V^" iZci eVh bd^ch aV eg hZcXZ YZ a¼wiVi! W^Zc Vj XdcigV^gZ! Zi eVh hZjaZ" bZci edjg YZh gV^hdch WjY\ iV^gZh bV^h Vjhh^ Zc gV^hdc YZ hV XVeV" X^i | [ Y gZg Zi hjgidji edjg aV b^hh^dc fjZ a¼]^hid^gZ aj^ V Ydcc Z / igZ aZ \VgVci YZ aV a^WZgi YZ Xg Vi^dc! YZ a¼Vjidcdb^Z YZh egd_Zih# :i YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! a¼:eXX Zhi gZXdccj XdbbZ jc k g^iVWaZ ^chigj" bZci _jg^Y^fjZ fj^ k^Zci XdbWaZg jcZ XVgZcXZ YVch aV \Zhi^dc he X^" ÄfjZ YZh VXi^k^i h XjaijgZaaZh Zi Vgi^hi^fjZh# Hjg jc hj_Zi Wg aVci! Zi ?VXfjZh IdjWdc Zc V eVga idji | a¼]ZjgZ eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi aj^ fj^ V aV eViViZ X]VjYZ fjVcY b bZ Zc XZ bdbZci! aZ gVeedgi Vjm eda^i^fjZh# ?Z c¼V^bZ eVh a¼ZmegZhh^dc aZh eda^i^fjZh# Dc Y^i idj_djgh ® b[i feb_j_gk[i Y[Y_" b[i feb_j_gk[i Y[bW ¯ XdbbZ h^ aZh _djgcVa^hiZh c¼ iV^Zci eVh YZh eda^" i^fjZh XdbbZ h^ aZh hncY^XVa^hiZh c¼ iV^Zci eVh YZh eda^i^fjZh# ?Z eg " [ gZ eVgaZg YZh ajh Zi Yj bVcYVi fjZ aZjg V Ydcc aZ eZjeaZ hdjkZgV^c!

YZ aZjg Zc\V\ZbZci YVch aV eda^i^fjZ Zc Xdc[gdciVi^dc Zi Zc XdcXZgiV" i^dc eZgbVcZciZ VkZX aZjg edejaVi^dc# 6adgh! X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ aZ gVeedgi Vj eda^i^fjZ hZ edhZ Zc iZgbZh cdjkZVjm# ?Z Yd^h Y^gZ Vjhh^ fj¼^a eZji n Vkd^g YZh e] cdb cZh ^cfj^ iVcih# <jn HVZo a¼VWdgYV^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ Zc eVgaVci Y¼^chigjbZciVa^hVi^dc# Bd^ _Z eVgaZgV^ Y¼^c\ gZcXZ ^X^ dj a|! Zi idjiZh iZcYVcXZh Xdc[dcYjZh# BV^h _Z Yd^h Y^gZ Vjhh^ fjZ aV bV_d" g^i YZh ajh VhhjbZ W^Zc aZh gZhedchVW^a^i h Ydcc Zh eVg aZ hj[[gV\Z &*%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

jc^kZghZa# BV^h ^a n V YZ eajh Zc eajh YZ iZciVi^dch Zi _¼V^ Vhh^hi | YZh g jc^dch YZ igVkV^a d jc VY_d^ci Vj bV^gZ | aV XjaijgZ Vgg^kV^i Zc gZiVgY! ej^h ! Zmea^fjVci / ® @[ dÊWhh_l[ fWi } XekYb[h cW iW_ied ¯° >a n V Vjhh^ aV bdci Z YZh edeja^hbZh fj^ c^kZaaZci eVg aZ WVh Zi fj^ V[[ZXiZci YZ Y cdcXZg a¼ a^i^hbZ edjg b^Zjm ZmXajgZ Zi XZchjgZg \V" aZbZci# ?Z eZchZ | XZ fj^ Zhi Vgg^k | Bdch^Zjg 8aVjYZ"=Zcg^ 8djh" hZVj VkZX hdc Zmedh^i^dc | 7dgYZVjm# Dc cZ eZchV^i eVh fjZ V ej^hhZ Vgg^kZg YVch aZ MM>Z h^ XaZ Zi YVch jc eVnh XdbbZ aV ;gVcXZ# ?Z eVgaV^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ YZh iZciVi^dch Y¼^c\ gZcXZ / ^a n V YZh bV^gZh fj^ hdci eg h^YZci Y¼jc XdchZ^a Y¼VYb^c^higVi^dc Y¼] e^iVa! ^ah c¼^bV\^cZci eVh de gZg | aV eaVXZ Yj X]^gjg\^Zc XdbbZ ^ah c¼^bV\^cZci eVh cdc eajh ZchZ^\cZg | aV eaVXZ YZ a¼^chi^ijiZjg | a¼ XdaZ eg^bV^gZ dj bViZgcZaaZ# Idji | a¼]ZjgZ dc eVgaV^i Y¼6Wdj 9]VW^! _Z hjeedhZ fjZ V [ZgV a¼dW_Zi YZ Y WVih! <jn HVZo Zhi ^ciZgkZcj VkZX [dgXZ hjg aV fjZhi^dc 0 _¼V^ i VbZc | _djZg aZ XVhfjZ WaZj YVch XZiiZ V[[V^gZ VkZX bZh Xdaa \jZh Yj H cVi! Zc YZbVcYVci Y¼V^aaZjgh fjZ hd^i bZc Z jcZ g ÅZm^dc Y dcid" ad\^fjZ bV^h Vjhh^ fjZ hd^i higjXijg Z jcZ Zhe XZ YZ Xdb^i Y¼ i]^fjZ# ?¼n gZk^ZcYgV^ YVch jc ^chiVci# 8Z fjZ _Z kdjYgV^h Y^gZ! fjVcY b bZ! Zi Zc eZchVci Vjm XdchZg" kViZjgh fj^ hdci a| / g^Zc cZ gZbeaVXZgV _VbV^h aV XdcXZgiVi^dc# ?¼VjgV^ jcZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aV eaVXZ YZ a¼Vg\Zci YVch XZ fj^ idjh cdjh Vc^bZ Zi kdjh Vc^bZ YVch XZ XdaadfjZ YZ YZjm _djgh# ² bdc hZch! g^Zc cZ gZb" eaVXZgV _VbV^h aV XdcXZgiVi^dc! aV e YV\d\^Z! aV gZX]ZgX]Z Yj Y^Vad" \jZ eZgbVcZci ZcigZ aZh egd[Zhh^dccZah Zi aZh ajh! eg VaVWaZ c XZh" hV^gZ | a¼^chiVjgVi^dc Y¼jcZ gZaVi^dc YZ XdcÄVcXZ YVch aZ gZheZXi YZh [dcXi^dch! YZh b^hh^dch Zi YZh Xdbe iZcXZh YZ X]VXjc# :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ idji aZ bdcYZ V | \V\cZg Y¼jc igVkV^a Y¼ fj^eZ d X]VXjc _djZ hdc g aZ YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ hZh gZhedchVW^a^i h egdegZh# :i X¼Zhi W^Zc aZ egd" _Zi XjaijgZa! hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! e YV\d\^fjZ! ZiX#! fj^ YdccZ idji hdc hZch | a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci! XdbbZ hV gV^hdc Y¼ igZ# :c XZ hZch! aV fjVa^i Zi a¼Zm^" \ZcXZ YZh egd_Zih Vgi^hi^fjZh! XjaijgZah dj hX^Zci^ÄfjZh dci edjg Xdgda" aV^gZ a¼Vjidcdb^Z Zi aV a^WZgi Y¼VXi^dc YZh Y^gZXiZjgh Zi YZh XdchZgkV" iZjgh fj^ aZh edgiZci# Edjg VjiVci! aZh ajh Yj hj[[gV\Z jc^kZghZa cZ hdci eVh fjZ YZh Y^hig^WjiZjgh YZ hjWkZci^dc! ^ah dci i ajh hjg jc egd" \gVbbZ Zi Zc [dcXi^dc Y¼jcZ eda^i^fjZ! ^ah Yd^kZci gZcYgZ YZh Xdbe" iZh | aV edejaVi^dc hjg aZh YZc^Zgh ejWa^Xh Y eZch h# Bd^"b bZ Zc iVci fj¼ aj g \^dcVa! _¼V^ i VbZc | gVeeZaZg Vjm eVgiZcV^gZh! fj¼^ah hd^Zci Yj heZXiVXaZ k^kVci! fj¼^ah hd^Zci Yj eVig^bd^cZ! ZiX#! fjZ _Z c¼ iV^h eVh jc \j^X]Zi^Zg Zc WadjhZ \g^hZ VkZX jcZ XVhfjZiiZ! fjZ _Z c¼ iV^h eVh a| _jhiZ edjg YdccZg YZh hdjh Zi h^\cZg YZh X] fjZh# :i dc eZji Xdb" egZcYgZ fjZ a¼ aj c¼Veeg X^Z \j gZ fjVcY a¼dc hZ XdciZciZ YZ eg hZciZg '+'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

aV [VXijgZ# AV XdaaZXi^k^i ! XdbbZ kdjh aZ hVkZo! V jcZ gZhedchVW^a^i ejWa^fjZ Zi hVch edjg VjiVci ^ciZg[ gZg dj h¼^c\ gZg YVch a¼VXi^dc fjd" i^Y^ZccZ! ^a Zhi Vjhh^ cdgbVa fjZ aZh ajh h¼^bea^fjZci eVh hZjaZbZci ÄcVcX^ gZbZci bV^h eda^i^fjZbZci Vj hZch aZ eajh cdWaZ Yj iZgbZ# Edjg eVgaZg [gVcX]ZbZci! aZ e^gZ fj^ ej^hhZ Vgg^kZg X¼Zhi a¼^cY^[[ " gZcXZ YZh ajh# 8¼Zhi fjZafjZ[d^h aZ e] cdb cZ aZ eajh XdjgVci# >a n V Vjhh^ aV Y g^kZ WjgZVjXgVi^fjZ! Zi ZcXdgZ a¼^c\ gZcXZ# FjVcY _Z eVgaZ YZ igVkV^a e YV\d\^fjZ | bZcZg Zc Y^gZXi^dc YZh ajh edjg Zmea^fjZg aV egd[dcYZjg Yj igVkV^a fj^ Zhi bZc ! X¼Zhi eVgXZ fj¼^a cZ [Vji _VbV^h djWa^Zg fj¼dc Vhh^hiZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ | jc e] cdb cZ YZ Y XjaijgVi^dc! fj^ idjX]Z XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ aZh a^iZh eda^i^fjZh Zi Xdcdb^fjZh Zi Zc idji XVh aZh Y X^YZjgh! Zi YdcX V idjX]Z YZh ajh fj^ fjZafjZ[d^h dci iZcYVcXZ | g^\Zg aZjg ^\cdgVcXZ Zc i] dg^Z! dj | ^bedhZg aZjgh \d ih eZghdccZah# 8¼Zhi a| fjZ V eZji YZkZc^g \gVkZ# >a [Vji igZ XdbbZ aV bZg hjg aZh \VaZih / e YV\d\^Z! Y^Vad\jZ! n Xdbeg^h VkZX aZh ajh! hjg" idji YVch jcZ e g^dYZ d jc cdjkZVj eZghdccZa eda^i^fjZ Vgg^kZ Vjm V[[V^gZh# 9Zh ajh eajh _ZjcZh! YZh \Zch fj^ hdci hdjX^Zjm Y¼Z[ÄXVX^i ! dc eZji aZh XdbegZcYgZ! bV^h fj^ c¼dci eVh [dgX bZci jcZ ]^hid^gZ d Ydci a¼]^hid^gZ n Xdbeg^h YVch aZh ijYZh eVg[d^h Zhi ig h iZX]c^fjZ# 9dcX eVi^ZcXZ · XZ fj^ cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ eVhh^k^i · Zi Y^Vad\jZ# ?Z Y^h idj_djgh Vj Y^gZXiZjg Yj XZcigZ YgVbVi^fjZ fj^ Vgg^kZ YVch aV XVe^" iVaZ g \^dcVaZ dj aV XVe^iVaZ Y eVgiZbZciVaZ! fjZ _Z cZ a¼^bV\^cZ eVh cZ eVh idji [V^gZ edjg Xdchigj^gZ jcZ gZaVi^dc VkZX aZ bV^gZ YZ hV k^aaZ# 8dchigj^gZ jcZ gZaVi^dc edjg aj^ Zmea^fjZg! edjg a¼VbZcZg Vj heZXiV" XaZ# 8¼Zhi aV b bZ X]dhZ edjg aZh XdchZgkViZjgh YZ bjh Z# A| Vjhh^! aZh ijYZh dci i adc\jZh! bV^h XZiiZ gZaVi^dc! h^ dc cZ aV Xdchigj^i eVh! gZcYgV aZh X]dhZh eajh Y^[ÄX^aZh# ?Z cZ bZ eZgbZih eVh YZ YdccZg YZh aZ dch | fj^ fjZ XZ hd^i Zi ej^h aZh XdchZ^ah cZ kVaZci fjZ edjg XZjm fj^ aZh ZciZcYZci k^YZbbZci# BV^h _Z eVgaZ YZ bV egdegZ Zme g^ZcXZ ej^hfjZ _Z hj^h bd^"b bZ jc egVi^X^Zc YZ aV X]dhZ XjaijgZaaZ / _Z kV^h hdccZg Vjm edgiZh edjg YZh hjWkZci^dch edjg YZh higjXijgZh fj¼dc bZ [V^i a¼]dccZjg YZ eg h^YZg# AV \VgVci^Z! X¼Zhi YZ XdcigVXijVa^hZg aZ eVgiZcVg^Vi! XdcigVi fj^ [Vkd" g^hZ a¼VXXdgY ZcigZ idjh aZh eVgi^h hjg XZ fj¼^ah ViiZcYZci YZ aV higjXijgZ bjh Z! Vgi^hi^fjZbZci Zi XjaijgZaaZbZci Zi aZh bdnZch Y \V\ h edjg iZa dj iZa dW_ZXi^[# Dc cZ eZji eVh gZegdX]Zg | jcZ XdaaZXi^k^i Y¼Vkd^g jc YZhhZ^c! jc egd_Zi eda^i^fjZ# :aaZ Zhi ajZ edjg V# BV^h Zchj^iZ Vjm gZhedchVWaZh YZ higjXijgZh YZ bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ XZh dW_ZXi^[h YVch jcZ c XZhhV^gZ Vjidcdb^Z! Zi V X¼Zhi Vjhh^ jc kgV^ XdbWVi# 6adgh aZh gVeedgih VkZX a¼Vg\Zci# Kdjh VkZo kj Vjhh^ · Zi h^beaZ" bZci edjg b bd^gZ · aZ gVeedgi hjg a¼ Xdcdb^Z YZ a¼^bbVi g^Za# &*'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Kdjh kdnZo aZh edhh^W^a^i h fjZ V eZgbZi bV^h Vjhh^ aZh YVc\Zgh fjZ V gZX aZ# 8ZaV eZji kZc^g YVch aZ Y WVi h^ kdjh aZ kdjaZo bV^h _Z cZ kV^h eVh b¼VeeZhVci^g a|"YZhhjh# A¼VjiZjg Yj gVeedgi Zhi bV^ciZcVci hZXg iV^gZ Y¼wiVi! Zhi"XZ edjg Veea^fjZg XZ gVeedgi 4 8ZaV Y^i! XZ gVe" edgi Zm^hiZ! V cZ kZji eVh Y^gZ fj¼^a Zhi aV ad^ bV^h dc kd^i W^Zc a¼ iVi Y¼Zheg^i fj^ eg h^YZ# :chj^iZ aZ AdjkgZ# ?¼V^ Vjhh^ k Xj aV eda b^fjZ hjg aZ AdjkgZ | AZch! aZ AdjkgZ | 6iaVciV# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼dc V ^ci g i | XZ fjZ aZ Y WVi hd^i hZgZ^c! k^[ bV^h hZgZ^c! hjg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ cdjh hdbbZh Xdc[gdci h | YZ cdjkZVjm egdWa bZh# N Xdbeg^h hjg aV X^gXj" aVi^dc YZh ¶jkgZh# BV^h _Z hdj]V^iZ hjgidji kdjh ZciZcYgZ · _Z c¼V^ eVh YZ k g^i g k a Z | kdjh VeedgiZg a|"YZhhjh# :chj^iZ aZh egdWa bZh YZ ÄcVcXZbZci# Idji | a¼]ZjgZ! <jn HVZo Zhi ^ciZgkZcj VkZX [dgXZ# Ej^hfjZ cdjh hdbbZh ^X^ YVch jc bjh Z fj^ V XZci Vch! XZci Vch Y _|# ?¼Zhe gZ fjZ eZghdccZ cZ Y^gV jc _djg ® Y[dj Wdi W ik\Ój ¯ XdbbZ cdjh Vkdch XaVb jc bdbZci Ydcc ® Z_n Wdi W ik\Ój ¯# 6adgh hjg aZ eVig^bd^cZ Ydci aZh bjh Zh hdci Y edh^iV^gZh! fjZa fjZ hd^i aZ ineZ YZ bjh Z! XZ eVig^bd^cZ cZ Yd^i eVh igZ jc XVe^" iVa Ydci dc i^gZgV^i YZh Y^k^YZcYZh! ^a Yd^i igZ Zc idji eVgiV\ Zi cdc eVh Zmead^i # :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi a| fjZ aZ egd_Zi eda^i^fjZ Yj eVgiV\Z Yj bZ^aaZjg edjg idjh Yd^i eg^bZg hjg YZh Xdch^Y gVi^dch ejgZbZci ÄcVcX^ gZh# 8¼Zhi edjgfjd^ _Z kdjh aZ Y^h [gVcX]ZbZci / dc V eajh fjZ _VbV^h WZhd^c YZ aV eda^i^fjZ! YZh ajh! edjg [V^gZ YZ aV eda^i^fjZ Vj bZ^aaZjg hZch Yj iZgbZ Zi edjg gZYdccZg hZch | jc bdcYZ fj^ bVgX]Z hjg aV i iZ Zi fj¼^a [Vji gZbZiigZ hjg hZh e^ZYh# 8Z fj¼^a [Vji XdchiViZg! X¼Zhi fj¼| aV YZgc^ gZ aZXi^dc eg h^YZci^ZaaZ! aZh ;gVc V^h hZ hdci hV^" h^h YZ aZjg Ygd^i YZ kdiZ edjg a¼ji^a^hZg YVch aZ hZch fj¼^ah dci X]d^h^ Zi fjZ _Z gZheZXiZ# 6adgh cdjh hdbbZh Vjhh^ YVch jc bdcYZ d a¼dc Vhh^hiZ | a¼d[[Zch^kZ YZ a¼Vg\Zci VWhdaj! XdbbZ dc Y^hV^i bdcVgX]^Z VWhdajZ# :i cdjh hVkdch fjZ a¼Vg\Zci X^gXjaZ YVch cdh YZhi^c Zh! fj¼^a bZi aV bV^c YVch cdh g kZh XdbbZ YVch cdh edX]Zh Zi cdjh hVXg^ÄZ Zc cdjh ÅViiVci# 8¼Zhi jcZ g ÅZm^dc fjZ _Z kdjh hdjbZih# :c ViiZcYVci bZgX^ | kdjh YZ idji X¶jg YZ [V^gZ ZciZcYgZ aZ bjgbjgZ XjaijgZa YVch aZ kVXVgbZ bVgX]VcY Zi YZ cdjh gVeeZaZg Zc eZgbVcZcXZ fjZ cdjh VeeVgiZcdch | jcZ XdbbjcVji fj^ h¼VeeZaaZ a¼]jbVc^i #

'+)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ c '

E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi ?Z hj^h XdchZgkViZjg Yj eVig^bd^cZ! Bdch^Zjg IdjWdc! Zi _Z hj^h bZb" WgZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # BV fjZhi^dc Zhi Y^[ÄX^aZ! ZaaZ c¼V eVh igV^i Vjm YZgc^Zgh k cZbZcih eda^i^fjZh bV^h X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc Y^[ÄX^aZ! _Z Xgd^h# H^ _Z kdjh V^ W^Zc ZciZcYj! kdjh VkZo Zmea^fj ig h XaV^gZbZci! fjZ kdjh VkZo hdj]V^i kdjh VeejnZg hjg aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ! cVijgZaaZbZci! edjg cdjgg^g aZ egd_Zi YZ aV 8^i YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zi kdjh VkZo b bZ gVeeZa fjZ aZ egd_Zi iV^i YVch aV XdcXajh^dc YZ a¼djkgV\Z YZ Cd^g^Za# :i kdjh VkZo YVch kdigZ XdcXajh^dc ^cY^fj fjZ aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ! X¼ iV^i jc Y^hXdjgh YZ k g^i # BV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh! YVch kdigZ XdcXaj" h^dc! h^ _Z kdjh V^ W^Zc ZciZcYj! kdjh VkZo [V^i k igZ a¼VbW^i^dc XjaijgZaaZ Yj bjh Z fj^ ZciZcY gZaVi^k^hZg aZh hVkd^gh VWhdajh! fj^ ZciZcY aZh XdciZhiZg YVch aZjg Vggd\VcXZ dj aZjg eg iZci^dc | Y^gZ aV k g^i hjg aZ bdcYZ Zi | gVbZcZg XZiiZ eg iZci^dc | Y^gZ aV k g^i | hZh XdcY^i^dch YZ egdYjXi^dc ]^hidg^fjZ! XjaijgZaaZ! hdX^VaZ# 6adgh c¼Zhi"XZ eVh jcZ ^bedhh^WaZ YdjWaZ XdcigV^ciZ fjZ kdjh kdjh YdccZo a| Zi XdbbZci VaaZo"kdjh [V^gZ Zc iVci fjZ edgiZjg YZ XZ egd_Zi Zi ZcXdgZ jcZ [d^h Zc iVci fj¼]dbbZ eda^i^fjZ! Zhi"XZ fjZ hjg XZiiZ bVc^ gZ YZ XdcYj^gZ jc Y^hXdjgh a^h^WaZ VkZX jcZ XdcigV^ciZ Vjhh^ VeeVgZb" bZci XdcigVY^Xid^gZ! Zhi"XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo jcZ edh^i^dc eVgi^Xja^ gZ 4 AVjgZci K Yg^cZ 8¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc edjg Bdch^Zjg IdjWdc# Kdjh kdfjZo fj¼| aV Y^[" [ gZcXZ YZh bjh Zh kdjh g edcY^Zo Zc [V^i | jcZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ Zi kdjh cZ kdjh edh^i^dccZo eVh hjg a¼d[[gZ# 8¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ V [V^i g kZg cdbWgZ YZ bjh Zh YZ edjkd^g XdggZhedcYgZ | jcZ XZgiV^cZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ idji Zc edj" kVci XdggZhedcYgZ Zc [V^i Vjm b^hh^dch YZ hZgk^XZ ejWa^X fj^ cdjh XdcXZg" cZci# ?Z kdjaV^h hVkd^g YZ fjZaaZ bVc^ gZ kdjh edjkZo igZ Xdji Zi XdbegZc" YgZ XZiiZ YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! eVg fjZah XVcVjm! fjZah b Y^ViZjgh 4 ?ZVc 9VkVaadc ?¼VkV^h YZjm gZbVgfjZh# Idji Y¼VWdgY _Z igdjkZ fjZ eVg gVeedgi Vj Y WVi Y¼]^Zg Veg h"b^Y^! dc kd^i ig h W^Zc XdbbZci aZ bjh Z hZ igdjkZ ZcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ Y¼jc X i Zi aV Y X^h^dc YZ a¼VjigZ# vV b¼VbZcV^i Y¼VWdgY | jcZ gZbVg" fjZ hjg aZ eda^i^fjZ# ?Z eZchZ Y^hi^c\jZg fjVcY dc eVgaZ YZ eda^i^fjZ XZ fj^ &*)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ Yj \djkZgcZbZci Zi XZ fj^ Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ Yj XdcigVi hdX^Va! edjg eVgaZg XdbbZ Vj MK>>>Z h^ XaZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZ fj^ Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ aV Y X^" h^dc YZ XZ fj^ Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ aV gZa^\^dc! YZ aV egdYjXi^dc YZ XZ fj^ gZa^Z# AZ bjh Z igVkV^aaZ hjg aV Y^bZch^dc cdc eVh gZa^\^ZjhZ bV^h XjaijgZaaZ XdbbZ iVci XZ fj^ gZa^Z! eVgXZ fj¼dc aZ kd^i ig h W^Zc fjVcY ^a V i fjZhi^dc Yj hZc" i^bZci Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ! h^ dc cZ bZi eVh aZ hZci^bZci Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ YVch aV Y^bZch^dc hnbWda^fjZ edjg ji^a^hZg YZh iZgbZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh jc eZj Xdbea^" fj h! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XZaaZ Yj XdcigVi hdX^Va! bV^h Yj \djkZgcZbZci! V h¼VeeZaaZ YZ aV egdeV\VcYZ# 9dcX _Z eZchZ fj¼^a Zhi Zmig bZbZci ^bedgiVci YZ [V^gZ YZ aV a^\cZ YZ eVgiV\Z ZcigZ aZh YZjm! XZ fj^ ed^ciZ a¼^bedgiVcXZ eVg ZmZbeaZ YZ aV Xdchi^iji^dc YZh XdbbjcVji h eVig^bdc^VaZh# Dc kd^i ig h W^Zc fj¼^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh a| h^beaZbZci Y¼jcZ c \dX^Vi^dc YZ fjZafjZh eZghdccZh fj^! b bZ YVch YZh ^chiVcXZh ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZh Y¼dg\Vc^hVi^dch cdc \djkZgcZbZc" iVaZh! Y X^YZgV^Zci Yj eVgiV\Z YZh ^cÅjZcXZh! bV^h YZ aV Xdchi^iji^dc Y¼jc ® Zc Xdbbjc ¯ ZcigZ YZh XdbbjcVji h Y^[[ gZciZh# vV b¼Vb cZ | jcZ gZbVgfjZ hjg aV 8^i YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# ?Z eZchZ fj¼jc YZh egdWa bZh YZ aV 8^i YZ a¼^b" b^\gVi^dc! X¼Zhi fj¼ZaaZ cVk^\jZ YVch aV Xdc[jh^dc idiVaZ# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼dc Zhi ZmVXiZbZci ZcigZ aZ eda^i^fjZ Vj hZch Yj \djkZgcZbZci Zi aZ eda^i^fjZ XdbbZ aV egdYjXi^dc YZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ Zhi Zc Xdbbjc# 6adgh! XZ fjZ _Z Y^h c¼Zhi eVh Yj idji jcZ Xg^i^fjZ k^h"|"k^h YZ aV 8^i YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^b" b^\gVi^dc bV^h eVg ZmZbeaZ fjVcY dc eVgaZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! aZ egdWa bZ c¼Zhi eVh YZ Y^gZ / ® ?b o W kd c_d_ij h[ Z[ bÊ?cc_]hWj_ed ¯! V XZ c¼Zhi eVh YZ cdigZ gZhhdgi YZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ c^ fj¼^a n V YVch aV 8^i YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc jc Y ÄX^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! aZ egdWa bZ X¼Zhi fjVcY dc Y^i >bb^\gVi^dc! XZ fjZ cdjh V bdcig Bdch^Zjg IdjWdc Zhi fjZ YVch aZ XVh YZ aV 8^i ^a h¼V\^i Y¼jc XdcXZei hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ]^hidg^fjZ# 8¼Zhi egdYj^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZbZci Zi fjVcY dc eVgaZ Yj b^c^hi gZ! dc Zhi YVch a¼dgYgZ YZ aV eda^i^fjZ! dc Zhi YVch a¼dgYgZ YZ aV Y X^h^dc# FjVcY _Z eVgaZ YZ Xdc[jh^dc! jc YZh egdWa bZh YZ XZ bjh Z! X¼Zhi fjVcY dc Y^i aZ iZgbZ ^bb^\gVi^dc XZgiV^ch kdci gV^hdccZg hX^Zci^ÄfjZbZci! Zi Y¼VjigZh kdci gV^hdccZg eda^i^fjZbZci# 9Vch aZ Y WVi! ^a [Vji ^be gVi^kZ" bZci [V^gZ aZ eVgiV\Z ZcigZ aZh YZjm# BV fjZhi^dc | Bdch^Zjg IdjWdc iV^i YZ hVkd^g fjZa hZch ^a YdccZ Vj iZgbZ ^bb^\gVi^dc fjVcY ^a [V^hV^i aZ gVeegdX]Z" bZci YZ aV 8^i VkZX aZ b^c^hi gZ# 8 X^a <j^iVgi 8 X^a <j^iVgi! VY_d^ci Vj bV^gZ! e] b gZ Y^gZXiZjg Yj bjh Z YZh 6gih Y¼6[g^fjZ Zi Y¼DX Vc^Z | aV EdgiZ 9dg Z Zi Äah Y¼^bb^\g h ZheV\cdah# ?Z egd" adc\Z aV fjZhi^dc fj^ k^Zci Y¼ igZ edh Z! eVgXZ fjZ _Z eZchZ fj¼^a [VjYgV hdjiZ" c^g [dgiZbZci aZ egd_Zi YZ 8^i YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zi eVgXZ fjZ XZ b^c^hi gZ fj^ k^Zci Y¼Vgg^kZg eVgVh^iZ [dgiZbZci aZ egd_Zi# ?Z eZchZ fjZ X¼Zhi jc egd_Zi fj^ k^hZ | YdccZg YZ aV Y^\c^i Vjm ^bb^\g h Zi Vjm Äah Y¼^bb^\g h! Zi _Z eZchZ '++

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

f j¼Z[[ZXi^kZbZci ^a kV [Vaad^g aZ hdjiZc^g YZ eajh Zc eajh! eVgXZ fjZ YZgg^ gZ aZ X]dX YZh bdih VjfjZa [V^hV^i Vaajh^dc ?VXfjZh IdjWdc! ^a kV n Vkd^g aZ egd_Zi YZ ad^ fj^ Zhi Zc \ZhiVi^dc hjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc X]d^h^Z! egd_Zi YZ ad^ fj^ kV gZXdc" Yj^gZ XdbbZ Zc &.() YZh igVc\Zgh | aV [gdci^ gZ Zi YVch aZjg eVnh# :i a|! Z[[ZXi^" kZbZci! aV a^\cZ YZ eVgiV\Z fj^ k^Zci Y¼ igZ kdfj Z kV hZ edhZg# :[[ZXi^kZbZci! ^a [VjYgV XaVg^ÄZg ig h [dgiZbZci XZiiZ h^ijVi^dc YZ iZaaZ hdgiZ fjZ XZ egd_Zi fj^ Zhi jc \gVcY egd_Zi! fj^ Zhi jc WZVj egd_Zi g ejWa^XV^c! ej^hhZ igZ hVjk # ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ ?ja^Z 8dgiZk^aaZ! eg h^YZciZ YZ aV ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zi bZbWgZ Zm Xji^[ Yj WjgZVj YZ a¼>Xdb# AZh Y WVih hdci [dgi ^ci " gZhhVcih! _¼V^ eZjg fj¼dc c¼V^i eVh aZ iZbeh YZ igV^iZg Zi Y¼6Wdj 9]VW^ Zi YZ aV 8^i YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc VjiVci fj¼dc aZ hdj]V^iZgV^i! YdcX _Z kV^h egZcYgZ jc eZj YZ ]VjiZjg# ?Z gZk^Zch | XZ fj¼V Y^i <jn HVZo / Y edjhh^ gZg aZ XdYZ Y dcidad\^fjZ YZ a¼>Xdb# Dc V kj cdiVbbZci hjg aZ Ydhh^Zg Y¼6Wdj 9]VW^ fjZ aZh XdchZgkViZjgh dci i gVeeZa h | aZjg YZkd^g YZ g hZgkZ# 9dcX edjg bd^! h¼^a [Vji XZgiZh [V^gZ Wdj\Zg aZh a^\cZh Yj XdYZ Y dcidad\^fjZ! X¼Zhi fjVcY b bZ! Vj gZ\VgY YZ idji XZ fj¼dc V ZciZcYj XZ bVi^c! jc hVXg hdXaZ YZ g [ " gZcXZ Zi ^a Zhi ig h eg X^Zjm# Kdjh VkZo YZh WdccZh Zi YZh bVjkV^hZh gV^hdch YZ Y edjhh^ gZg jc XdYZ Y dcidad\^fjZ# AZh WdccZh gV^hdch! X¼Zhi fjZ aZh bjh Zh dci X]Vc\ ! fjZ aV hdX^ i V kdaj # AZh bVjkV^hZh gV^hdch YZ gZkd^g jc XdYZ Y dcidad\^fjZ! X¼Zhi fjVcY ^a cZ Xdck^Zci eajh | jcZ h^ijVi^dc eda^i^fjZ dj ^chi^iji^dccZaaZ# Hjeedhdch fj¼jcZ ad^ hd^i _j\ Z Vci^Xdchi^iji^dccZaaZ Zi fjZ edjg aV kdiZg! dc gZkd^Z aV 8dchi^iji^dc! V bZ edhZgV^i jc egdWa bZ Zc iVci fjZ X^idnZccZ# Hjg XZiiZ fjZhi^dc! X¼Zhi ^bedgiVci! _¼V^bZgV^h fj¼dc ZciZcYZ aV XdbbjcVji egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ# 9Zjm^ bZ ed^ci! _¼V^ ZciZcYj BVYVbZ BVg^Vc^"9jXgVn! adgh YZ hZh k¶jm!

Y^gZ fjZ aV Y^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ igVkV^aaV^i YZ hdc X i | jc XdYZ YZ Y dcidad\^Z# 6adgh V! X¼Zhi ^ci gZhhVci# Fj^ Zhi a \^i^bZ Vj_djgY¼]j^! fj^ Yd^i Xg^gZ aZ XdYZ YZ Y dcidad\^Z YZh XdchZgkViZjgh Zi Yj eZghdccZa YZ bjh Z 4 ?Z hVajZ aV eg hZcXZ YZ 9db^c^fjZ ;Zgg^di! _Z eVgaZ hdjh hdc Xdcig aZ! eg h^YZciZ YZ a¼>Xdb ^X^! fj^ Y¼V^aaZjgh kV XdchVXgZg hV egdX]V^cZ VhhZbWa Z \ c gVaZ | XZiiZ fjZhi^dc# Kd^a|! _Z igdjkZ fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc YZ [dcY fj^ b g^iZ Y¼ igZ gVeeZa Z! X¼Zhi ^bedgiVci# >kVc GZcVg ?Z XdbegZcYh aZh ]^hidg^Zch bV^h edjg eVgaZg [gVcX]ZbZci! eZghdccZa" aZbZci! _Z cZ Y b^hh^dccZgV^h eVh# Kdjh hVkZo! 8]Zk cZbZci Y^hV^i fjVcY ^a iV^i b^c^higZ / ® Ek ed bW \[hc[ ek ed iÊ[d lW$ ¯ :] W^Zc bd^ _Z hj^h edjg a¼djkg^g Zi gZhiZg! XdbeiZ iZcj YZ a¼VbeaZjg YZh egdWa bZh edh h# Dc hZ WVi | idjh aZh c^kZVjm Y¼Zc\V\ZbZci Zi _Z XdbegZcYh aV eVhh^dc! hjgidji YVch &*+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

jc XdciZmiZ aZXidgVa! hjg aV fjZhi^dc 6Wdj 9]VW^# ?Z hdj]V^iZ fj¼jc \gVcY Y WVi cVi^dcVa h¼djkgZ hjg aV fjZhi^dc# AV ® bVgfjZ ¯ AdjkgZ edhZ egdWa bZ Zi! Zc b bZ iZbeh ^a [Vji Vjhh^ egZcYgZ Zc XdbeiZ a¼ kdaji^dc YZ aV h^ijV" i^dc! h¼VYVeiZg | jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh bV^h dc cZ aZ [ZgV fjZ YVch jc a^WgZ Y WVi# >a Zhi kgV^ fj¼dc dW_ZXiZ fjZafjZ[d^h Vjm XdchZgkViZjgh a¼dWa^\V" i^dc YZ g hZgkZ# 9Vch aZ heZXiVXaZ k^kVci! a¼dWa^\Vi^dc YZ g hZgkZ c¼Zm^hiZ eVh ej^hfj¼Zc eZgbVcZcXZ aZh bZiiZjgh Zc hX cZ ^ciZgk^ZccZci! bZiiZci Zc hX cZ YZh e^ XZh! ZiX# >ah egZccZci edh^i^dc YVch YZh Xdc[ gZcXZh YZ egZhhZ# ?Z eZchZ fj¼^a n V jc X]Vbe YZ a^WZgi fjZ aZh XdchZgkViZjgh Yd^kZci VXfj g^g# ?Z cZ YdccZ eVh YZ aZ dch eVgXZ fjZ _Z hV^h fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh idj_djgh [VX^aZ! bV^h aZ b i^Zg Yd^i X]Vc\Zg# FjZ kdci YZkZc^g aZh XdchZgkViZjgh 4 AZh \ZcYVgbZh Yj eVig^bd^cZ Vj hZch igd^i Yj iZgbZ 4 >ah hdci X^idnZch Zi ^ah dci YZh Ygd^ih Zi YZh YZkd^gh XdbbZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh X^idnZch Zi eVh YZ Ygd^ih hVch YZkd^gh! eVh YZ YZkd^gh cdc eajh hVch Ygd^ih# ² aV Xdbb^hh^dc YZh 6[[V^gZh XjaijgZa" aZh Yj H cVi! _¼V^ aV X]VcXZ Y¼ igZ YVch jcZ Xdbb^hh^dc d dc h¼ XdjiZ aZh jch aZh VjigZh! Zi fjVcY ^a n V XdchZchjh! X¼Zhi jc XdchZchjh Veg h Y WVi Zi eVh jc XdchZchjh bdj VkVci Y WVi# ?Z kdjh ZcXdjgV\Z YdcX edjg aZ hdjkZgV^c W^Zc! XdbbZ Y^hV^i He^cdoV! | [V^gZ gZheZXiZg kdh Ygd^ih YZ X^idnZch | eVgi Zci^ gZ# B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ 8ZgiZh! bV^h ^a kV [Vaad^g egZcYgZ YZh edh^i^dch ig h XaV^gZh ^X^ Zi bV^ciZ" cVci! dj V^aaZjgh! _Z cZ hV^h eVh# ?Z gVeeZaaZ fjVcY b bZ fjZ ig h g XZbbZci! YZjm ]Vjih [dcXi^dccV^gZh YZ aV XjaijgZ | aV egdW^i Zi | aV kVaZjg gZXdccjZ dci i ejgZbZci Zi h^beaZbZci ZmXajh Y¼jcZ ^chiVcXZ hig^XiZbZci hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ edjg Vkd^g eg^h edh^i^dc ejWa^fjZbZci hjg jcZ bZhjgZ fj^ iV^i YZ cVijgZ | VeeZaZg jcZ g ÅZm^dc eZghdccZaaZ! jc i bd^\cV\Z ^cY^k^YjZa# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ X¼Zhi W^Zc dj h^ XZ c¼Zhi eVh W^Zc bV^h _Z a^kgZ XZ [V^i | aV g ÅZm^dc edjg Y^gZ / XZgiZh! ^a [Vji igZ a^WgZ! h¼Zmeg^bZg! YVch aZh a^b^iZh YZ a¼]dcc iZi ! bV^h dc Yd^i egZcYgZ XdchX^ZcXZ Yj [V^i fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ a^WZgi | Xdcfj g^g# ?Z hj^h W^Zc k^YZbbZci eVgi^hVc YZ aV Xdcfj g^g bV^h ^a [Vji hVkd^g fjZ XZ hZgV jc XdbWVi# ?VXfjZh IdjWdc >a n V Zj igd^h fjZhi^dch ig h ^ci gZhhVciZh fj^ bZ hZbWaZci Zc [V^i [V^gZ YZjm hj_Zih# EgZb^ gZbZci! aV k g^i Zi aV gZaVi^k^i # ?Z cZ eZchZ eVh fjZ XZ hd^i h^ Y^[ÄX^aZ# EVgXZ fjZ V Y eZcY fjZa hZch Zi fjZaaZ edgi Z dc YdccZ | aV k g^i # H^ aV k g^i Zhi Xdc jZ XdbbZ jc ^chigjbZci Y¼^bedh^i^dc dj YZ egdeV\VcYZ! idjiZ kgV^Z fj¼ZaaZ hd^i · ^a cZ h¼V\^i eVh YZ [V^gZ aZ igVkV^a YZ AnhhZc`d YVch Y¼VjigZh YdbV^cZh dj YZ B^adhZk^X · ^a h¼V\^i Y¼jcZ k g^i # Ig h W^Zc# BV^h ^a h¼V\^i YZ hVkd^g XdbbZci dc aV Xdc d^i! fjZaaZ edgi Z dc aj^ YdccZ Zi Xdb" bZci dc a¼ji^a^hZ# A| Z[[ZXi^kZbZci aV fjZhi^dc fjZ kdjh edhZo hZ edhZ# BV^h '+-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

bd^ _Z eZchZ | aV k g^i Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg YVch jc YdbV^cZ eVg Y Äc^i^dc! edjg aV eajeVgi YZh \Zch! Xdbea iZbZci cdjkZVj! eVgXZ fj¼dc cZ aV aZjg V eVh Y^iZ | a¼ XdaZ! eVgXZ fjZ YVch aZ Y WVi XdciZbedgV^c aV egd[dcYZjg ]^hidg^" fjZ Zi aV egd[dcYZjg XjaijgZaaZ hdci ig h aVg\ZbZci VWhZciZh! _Z kd^h aV k g^i XdbbZ jc YZh dji^ah YZ aV Xg^i^fjZ Vj hZch YZ aV gV^hdc Xg^i^fjZ! Vj hZch YZ aV XVeVX^i Xg^i^fjZ Yj X^idnZc! YdcX aV k g^i XdbbZ XdccV^hhVcXZ fj^ _jhiZ" bZci eZgbZi Y¼ igZ jcZ g [ gZcXZ YVch aZ Y WVi XdciZbedgV^c Zi fj^ eZgbZi | eVgi^g YZ XZiiZ g [ gZcXZ YZ hZ gZe gZg YVch aZ Y WVi XdciZbedgV^c Zi YZ edj" kd^g [V^gZ X]VeeZg XZ Y WVi XdciZbedgV^c | aV eda b^fjZ hi g^aZ# 9dcX! dc VeeZaaZ cdigZ Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ ® GZe gZh ¯ Zi _¼V^ iZcj | XZ bdi Y h aZ Y Wji eVgXZ fjZ _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a Zhi ig h ^bedgiVci fjZ a¼dji^a YZ aV XdccV^hhVcXZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ fjZ cdjh Vaadch W^Zc ZciZcYj ZhhVnZg YZ igVch[dgbZg · fjZ a¼dc cZ kV eg hZciZg! W^Zc h g! YZ bVc^ gZ a^kgZhfjZ ·! XZi dji^a Zhi edjg bd^! cdc eVh jc dji^a Y¼^bedh^i^dc Y¼jcZ k^h^dc! bV^h ^a Zhi a¼dji^a YZ aV XVeVX^i edjg X]VXjc YZ hZ h^ijZg Zc [dcXi^dc YZ XZ fj¼^a Zhi! Zc [dcXi^dc YZ XZ fj¼^a eZchZ! YZ hZ h^ijZg YVch aZh Y WVih# Cdc eVh! XdbbZ X¼Zhi aZ XVh Vj_djgY¼]j^ ig h aVg" \ZbZci! hZ h^ijZg hjg YZh fjZhi^dch fj^ hdci Y¼V^aaZjgh V[[gZjhZbZci · fjVcY _Z Y^h V[[gZjhZbZci ^ciZaaZXijZaaZbZci ^cZmVXiZh ·! ZcigZb a Zh! a¼ZhXaVkV\Z! aV Xdadc^hVi^dc! a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! ZiX#! hjg idjh XZh Y WVih fjZ cdjh Vkdch Zc ejWa^X! ZcXdgZ jcZ [d^h! ZhhVnZg YZ YdccZg YZh gZe gZh Zi a| Zhi bV g edchZ / ZcigZ aV k g^i Zi aZ gZaVi^k^hbZ! aZh fjZhi^dch fjZ _Z bZ edhZgV^ Zc hdgiVci YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc dj YZ iZaaZ VjigZ bVc^[ZhiVi^dc | aV 8^i ! bV g edchZ X¼Zhi fjZ XZ fjZ a¼dc kV bZ bdcigZg X¼Zhi jc ^chigjbZci YZ bdc edh^i^dccZbZci Xg^i^" fjZ! Vj hZch egdegZ YZ XZ bdi! YVch aZ Y WVi# 9 WVi fj^ b¼^ci gZhhZ eZghdc" cZaaZbZci! fj^ cZ b¼^ci gZhhZ eVh eZghdccZaaZbZci! fj^ Zhi XZaj^ YZ aV hdX^ i YVch aVfjZaaZ _Z k^h! VjigZbZci Y^i / h¼n gZigdjkZg :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ YZej^h idj" _djgh ^a n V aV k g^i fj^ Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc Zbe X]Z aZ Y WVi Zi Vj XdcigV^gZ aV k g^i fj^ ZcigZ YVch aZ Y WVi XdbbZ jc aZk^Zg edjg XZaj^ fj^ eVgi^X^eZ Vj Y WVi# ?Z eZchZ Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg! a|! | XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ · YVch aZh ijYZh XjaijgZa" aZh YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ dj VjigZ · aZ \gVcY ejWa^X# EVgZci] hZ / _Z kdjYgV^h eVgaZg YZ aV Cj^i YZh Bjh Zh# Cdjh c¼Zm^hidch eVh! cdjh hdbbZh Zc X]Vci^Zg! dc c¼Zhi eVh hjg aV gdjiZ YZh bjh Zh XZcigVjm | EVg^h ej^hfj¼dc Zhi Vj Wd^h YZ K^cXZccZh ! cdjh Vkdch VXXjZ^aa^! Xdbei ! ( '** eZghdccZh ZcigZ &. Zi '( ]! edjg! Y¼jcZ eVgi jcZ Xdc[ gZcXZ"Y WVi fj^ V Yjg YZjm ]ZjgZh! VkZX YZh ]^hidg^Zch! Zi ej^h! Y¼VjigZ eVgi! k^h^iZ YZ cdigZ X]Vc" i^Zg Zi ej^h jc heZXiVXaZ YZ YVchZ fj^ V Yjg jc eZi^i bdbZci kZgh '' ]# 8¼Zhi jc i bd^\cV\Z ^cY^hXjiVWaZ Yj bdjkZbZci fj^ hZ edgiZ kZgh XZ fj^ Zhi edjg a¼^chiVci jcZ ^Y Z# EVgXZ fj¼Vjeg h YZ aV YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ! Yj ejWa^X! fj¼Vkdch" cdjh [V^i 4 9Zjm ijYZh! a¼jcZ eVg aZ b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ! YVch hZh hZgk^XZh he X^Va^h h! Zi jcZ eVg jc \gdjeZ Vjidjg YZ B^X]Za L^Zk^dg`V# :i XZh ijYZh Y^hZci Zc \gdh fj¼^a n V igd^h XVi \dg^Zh YZ g VXi^dch! aV egZb^ gZ X¼Zhi XZaaZ Yj &*-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

Y h^ci g i! aZ Y h^ci g i edjkVci egZcYgZ eajh^Zjgh [dgbZh! n Xdbeg^h a¼]dhi^" a^i ! bV^h ZcÄc V kZji Y^gZ ® edjgfjd^ [V^gZ V 4 ¯ 0 aZ YZjm^ bZ ineZ YZ g VX" i^dc! X¼Zhi jcZ g VXi^dc YZ XVgVXi gZ fjZ _¼VeeZaaZgV^ Xjai^k Z! Xdch^Y gVci fjZ X¼Zhi ig h ^bedgiVci YZ Xg Zg XZiiZ XdccV^hhVcXZ! YZ edgiZg XZiiZ XdccV^hhVcXZ Zi jcZ g VXi^dc XZcigVaZ fj^ Zhi YZ h¼^ci gZhhZg | cdigZ egd_Zi! eVh Yj idji edjg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc bV^h edjg a¼^bb^\gVi^dc idji Xdjgi! Zi dc gZ_d^ci a¼VjigZ hj_Zi! XZaj^ fj^ V i kdfj ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aZ YdjWaZ hZch Yj bdi ^bb^" \gVi^dc Zi aZh Y^[ÄXjai h fjZ V eZji Xg Zg# :[[ZXi^kZbZci! aZ ejWa^X! fjVcY dc a¼^ciZggd\Z! h¼^ci gZhhZ Zi b bZ hZ eVh" h^dccZ hjg XZ hj_Zi bV^h aV eZgheZXi^kZ ]^hidg^fjZ Zi aV eZgheZXi^kZ YZ a¼]^h" id^gZ YZ ;gVcXZ c¼Zhi eVh iZaaZbZci XZ fj¼^a gZi^Zci# 6adgh X¼Zhi edjg V fjZ _¼Zc k^Zch YVch aZ YZjm^ bZ hj_Zi | aV fjZhi^dc ® gkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ YÊ[ij gk[ bW feb_j_gk[ [j gkÊ[ij#Y[ gk[ YÊ[ij gk[ bÊ_cc_]hWj_ed 5 ¯ 6adgh aV eda^i^fjZ! kdjh a¼VkZo ig h W^Zc Y^i! X¼Zhi | aV [d^h a¼]^hid^gZ XdbbjcZ! aZ XdcigVi hdX^Va! aZh kVaZjgh Xdbbj" cZh Zi ej^h YZ a¼VjigZ X i aZh Y X^h^dch Yj \djkZgcZbZci# CdigZ egd_Zi! YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! ^a Zhi ig h XaV^g# 8¼Zhi jcZ Y X^h^dc eda^i^fjZ Zi aZh bdnZch hdci XZjm YZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh# 8Z hdci XZjm Y¼jc iVWa^hhZbZci ejWa^X! fj^ c¼Zhi eVh jcZ ZcigZeg^hZ eg^k Z! fj^ c¼Zhi eVh jcZ [dcYVi^dc eg^k Z# 8¼Zhi ® eda^i^" fjZ ¯ Vj hZch YZ ® eda^i^fjZ YZ \djkZgcZbZci ¯# BV^h YZ a¼VjigZ X i ! cdigZ egd_Zi Zhi Vj XdcigV^gZ idji | [V^i Y^[[ gZci Zi V Xdch^hiZ | edgiZg! cdjh aV 8c]^! XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ XdbbjcZ! XZh kVaZjgh XdbbjcZh! cdc eVh eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi XZ fjZ cdjh eZchdch! X¼Zhi XZ fjZ cdjh Xgdndch! X¼Zhi XZ fjZ cdjh kdj" adch [V^gZ! cdc! YVch jcZ k^h^dc eda^i^fjZ bV^h eVgXZ fjZ idji h^beaZbZci! X¼Zhi V a¼]^hid^gZ# CdigZ igVkV^a Zhi YZ aZ eg hZciZg# AZh edjkd^gh ejWa^Xh cdjh YdccZci aZh bdnZch YZ aZ [V^gZ# 9 X^h^dc eda^i^fjZ Y¼jc X i ! igVkV^a hX^Zci^Ä" fjZ YZ a¼VjigZ# Edjg iZgb^cZg! ^a Zhi kgV^ fjZ aZ bdi V jc YdjWaZ hZch# Edjg XZ fj^ cdjh XdcXZgcZ! cdjh cZ kdjadch eVh hdgi^g YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# Cdjh eZc" hdch fjZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch idjh aZh hZch! aV eda^i^fjZ Y¼^bb^\gVi^dc! [V^i eVgi^Z Vjhh^ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# >a n V YVch cdigZ Zmedh^i^dc Vj bd^ch YZjm X]Ve^igZh dj YZjm i] bZh YVch aZhfjZah cdjh igV^idch jcZ fjZh" i^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ a¼wiVi Zi a¼ igVc\Zg! a¼wiVi Zi aZ X^idnZc Zi a¼]^h" id^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh YZ &-*% | cdh _djgh | XZ hj_Zi# Cdjh ^ci \gdch Vjhh^ aZ hZch eda^i^fjZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch cdigZ eg hZciVi^dc ]^hidg^fjZ# BV^h XZ fjZ _Z kZjm Y^gZ h^beaZbZci! edjg XdcXajgZ! X¼Zhi fjZ X¼Zhi aZ b bZ bdi bV^h _Z Xgd^h fjZ fjVcY cdjh eVgadch YZ eda^i^fjZ! fjVcY cdjh Y^hdch fjZ cdigZ egd_Zi | eVgi^g Y¼jcZ Y X^h^dc YZ XVgVXi gZ eda^i^fjZ c¼VeeVgi^Zci eVh Vj eda^i^fjZ! cdjh kdjadch Y^gZ fjZ cdigZ egd_Zi c¼VeeVgi^Zci eVh! Zi cZ kZji eVh VeeVgiZc^g! hZjaZbZci Vj XdciZbedgV^c 0 _Z eZchZ fj¼^a n V hdjkZci Xdc[jh^dc ZcigZ eda^i^fjZ Zi XdciZbedgV^c# 6jigZbZci Y^i! XZ Ydci dc eVgaZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ | a¼]dg^odciVaZ! hjg jc eaVc ]dg^odciVa VkZX YZh \Zch fj^ hdci edjg! fj^ hdci XdcigZ! YZh \Zch fj^ hdci | Ygd^iZ! YZh \Zch fj^ hdci | '+/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

\VjX]Z! X¼Zhi jc egZb^Zg eaVc# :i XZ fjZ cdjh kdjadch VeedgiZg X¼Zhi aZ eaVc fj^ Zhi eZgeZcY^XjaV^gZ | XZ egZb^Zg eaVc! fj^ Zhi aZ eaVc YZ aV egd[dcYZjg ]^hidg^fjZ Zi YZ aV egd[dcYZjg XjaijgZaaZ# :i _Z Xgd^h fjZ YVch XZiiZ fjZhi^dc YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! a¼jcZ YZh ^chj[ÄhVcXZh aZh eajh XgVhhZh fjZ cdjh XdccV^h" hdch YVch cdigZ eVnh! X¼Zhi YZ cZ _VbV^h Vkd^g ^cigdYj^i XZiiZ egd[dcYZjg ]^h" idg^fjZ Zi XjaijgZaaZ# :i YdcX aZ Xgd^hZbZci Yj eaVc YZh Y WVih XdciZbed" gV^ch! eda^i^fjZh VkZX jc eZi^i e! Zi Yj eaVc YZ a¼]^hid^gZ fjZ cdjh VeedgiZ aV hX^ZcXZ ]^hidg^fjZ! eZgbZi | hdc ^ciZghZXi^dc Y¼ XaV^gZg aZ Y WVi XdciZbed" gV^c! YZ Xdcig^WjZg | X]Vc\Zg aZh gZ\VgYh Zi X¼Zhi YdcX | XZiiZ ^ciZghZXi^dc! cVijgZaaZbZci! jcZ Y^[ÄXjai Zi Zc b bZ iZbeh XZiiZ Y^[ÄXjai Zhi idji aZ X¶jg Yj egd_Zi# 8Z fj¼dc XdccV i Vj_djgY¼]j^ / aV Y^[ÄXjai fj¼dc V YZej^h ]j^i _djgh! Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc _Z aV Xdch^Y gZ XdbbZ jc aZk^Zg YZ aV g Va^" hVi^dc Yj egd_Zi cdc hZjaZbZci edjg XZ fjZ fjZafj¼jc V Y^i! ® _b \Wkj iWkl[h bW 9_j ¯ cdc EVgXZ fjZ idji h^beaZbZci _Z eZchZ fjZ X¼Zhi a¼^aajhigVi^dc b bZ YZ XZiiZ ^ciZghZXi^dc Zi | XZiiZ ^ciZghZXi^dc h^beaZbZci XZ fjZ _Z kZjm [V^gZ Zi XZ fjZ [V^i aV 8^i ! XZ fjZ [ZgV aV 8^i ! X¼Zhi YZ YdccZg YZh VgbZh Vj X^idnZc YVch jc Y WVi d aV eajeVgi Yj iZbeh XZ X^idnZc Zhi bVc^eja # :i bdc egd" _Zi! ej^hfjZ X¼Zhi jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa! e YV\d\^fjZ Zi X^idnZc! kZji hdgi^g XZjm fj^ kdci kZc^g ^X^ YZ aV bVc^ejaVi^dc Zi aZjg YdccZg cdc eVh jcZ ]^hid^gZ ^bedh Z bV^h jcZ ]^hid^gZ fj^ aZjg eZgbZiigV Zc hdgiVci _jhiZbZci! Y¼ igZ a^WgZ Y¼Vkd^g aZh fjZhi^dch Zi aZh de^c^dch fj¼^ah dci Zck^Z Y¼Vkd^g# EVgXZ fjZ aV k g^i ! X¼Zhi Y¼VWdgY jc ^chigjbZci YZ a^WZgi # <jn HVZo Cdh Y WVih idjgcZci Vjidjg YZ YZjm e aZh fj^ hdci ig h XdcigVY^Xid^" gZh# AZ egZb^Zg Zhi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci a¼Zmig bZ eda^i^hVi^dc Zi ^a Zhi XaV^g fjZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ XZ fj^ Zhi eda^i^h XZ hdci Zc Z[[Zi aZh fjZhi^dch YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ! eVh g ZaaZbZci aZh fjZhi^dch YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc! bV^h YZh fjZhi^dch YZ a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ Zi XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo VeeZa aZ eaVc ]dg^odciVa! ?VXfjZh IdjWdc! aZ eaVc ]dg^odciVa Zhi Zc [V^i aZ XdciZmiZ eda^i^fjZ YVch aZfjZa hZ eaVXZ jcZ ^chi^iji^dc# :i jcZ ^chi^iji^dc! bVa]ZjgZjhZbZci! X]VeeZ gVgZ" bZci | hdc XdciZmiZ eda^i^fjZ# 9dcX kdjh VjgZo WZVjXdje YZ k^\^aVcXZ | Vkd^g edjg k^iZg _jhiZbZci fjZ aZh h^\c^ÄXVi^dch fj^ hdci Veedgi Zh YVch aZ Y WVi hjg aZ XdciZmiZ VXijZa Y WdgYZci dj Y g^kZci kZgh XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo VeeZa a¼VmZ egd[dcY# 9dcX Y¼jc X i ! Zmig bZ eda^i^hVi^dc Zi dc kd^i W^Zc fjZ XZiiZ eda^i^hVi^dc c¼Zhi eajh Yj idji aV b bZ X]dhZ fjZ XZ fj^ VkV^i Zm^hi VkZX Y¼VjigZh bjh Zh XdbbZ AZ AdjkgZ# AZ AdjkgZ Vjhh^ iV^i jc bjh Z YZ eda^i^hVi^dc bV^h VkZX jc Y^hXdjgh hjg a¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ Xdbea iZbZci Y^[[ gZci YZ XZaj^ fjZ a¼dc V Vj_djgY¼]j^# :i YZ a¼VjigZ X i ! XZ fjZ _¼VeeZa" aZgV^h kdadci^Zgh jc Y^hXdjgh YZ Y eda^i^hVi^dc! eVgXZ fjZ ÄcVaZbZci XZ fj^ hZ eVhhZ VkZX aZh Y^hXjhh^dch Vjidjg Yj AdjkgZ! X¼Zhi bd^ch Y¼V^aaZjgh aZ [V^i &+%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

YZ hVkd^g h^ AZ AdjkgZ Yd^i VaaZg | 6Wdj 9]VW^ dj V^aaZjgh! X¼Zhi aV fjZhi^dc YZ hVkd^g h^ dc Yd^i h¼Z[[VXZg! h^ dc Yd^i hZ iV^gZ YZkVci a¼Zbe^gZ YZ aV gV^hdc \Zhi^dccV^gZ# :i YdcX X¼Zhi ZmVXiZbZci aZ egdWa bZ fj^ Zhi edh Vj c^kZVj YZ a¼>Xdb! Y¼V^aaZjgh a¼VccdcXZ fj^ V i [V^iZ idji | a¼]ZjgZ Zc i bd^\cZ W^Zc! YdcX _Z eZchZ fjZ aV kdadci Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ gZhedchVWaZh YZ Y^gZ / ® B[i gk[ij_edi Zedj ed Ze_j jhW_j[h cW_dj[dWdj d[ iedj fWi Z[i gk[ij_edi h [bb[c[dj feb_j_gk[i" Y[ iedj Z[i gk[ij_edi Z[ ][ij_ed" YÊ[ij jh i i_cfb[" deki Wledi X[ie_d Z[ ]W]d[h Z[ bÊWh][dj" Yecc[dj ed \W_j fekh [d ]W]d[h kd f[k fbki 5 ¯! X¼Zhi a| jc g^h" fjZ Zmig bZbZci [dgi# ?¼V_djiZ fjZ kdjh b¼VeegZcZo fj¼^a n VjgV^i jc XdYZ YZ Y dcidad\^Z [gVcXd"[gVc V^h Zc gdjiZ! eZghdccZaaZbZci _Z igdjkZ XZiiZ ^Y Z Zmig bZbZci X]dfjVciZ# ;gVc d^h EZi^i 7dc_djg! ;gVc d^h EZi^i! bV^hdc YZ 7Vca^ZjZ Zi Y¼6gX]^iZXijgZ | 6i]^h" Bdch# 8Z fj¼V Y^i Bdch^Zjg >kVc GZcVg ® aZh hdjhigVXi^dch Y¼Zc ]Vji ¯! XZ hdci hdjkZci aZh hdjhigVXi^dch Y¼Zc WVh# 8¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ V eZji igZ Vjhh^ a¼^ckZghZ Zi X¼Zhi VhhZo ^ci gZhhVci# AV fjZhi^dc fjZ _Z bZ edhZ | a¼]ZjgZ VXijZaaZ · Vadgh Veg h X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc Y¼ X]ZaaZ Zi V Y eZcY YZ aV \gdhhZjg YZh higjXij" gZh eVig^bdc^VaZh XdcXZgc Zh · bV^h X¼Zhi kgV^ fj¼^a n V jc eZi^i egdWa bZ Y¼ fj^a^WgZ | igdjkZg YVch aZh hdjgXZh YZ ÄcVcXZbZci | XVjhZ Yj Y hZc\V" \ZbZci YZ a¼wiVi | a¼]ZjgZ VXijZaaZ eVg gVeedgi Vjm XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^V" aZh# 8ZgiZh! aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh dci jc eZi^i eZj eajh Y¼Vg\Zci# Kdjh eVga^Zo idji | a¼]ZjgZ YZ a¼wiVi \VgVci Y¼jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh# Dc Zhi fjVcY b bZ Xdc[gdci h | YZh [ dYVa^hbZh adXVaZbZci! Vj Y kZadeeZbZci YZ [ dYVa^i h adXVaZh Zi eVg gVeedgi | V! h^ dc c¼V eVh jc \VgVci dj jc \VgYZ"[dj Zmi g^Zjg! XdbbZci bZcZg | W^Zc YZh egd_Zih fj^ hZbWaZci Vj bd^ch kVadg^" hZg Vj b^Zjm aZh eVig^bd^cZh adXVjm 4 ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo ?Z kdjYgV^h gZkZc^g hjg aV egdWa bVi^fjZ YZ a¼^YZci^i Zi Y^gZ fjZ _Z eVg" iV\Z Zci^ gZbZci a¼VcVanhZ fj^ V i Y kZadee Z idji | a¼]ZjgZ eVg ?VXfjZh IdjWdc fjVcY ^a Y^i fjZ a¼Zc_Zj Vj_djgY¼]j^ X¼Zhi Y¼^ckZciZg Vj [dcY jc bdY aZ fj^ Xdc_j\jZgV^i jc^i Zi Y^kZgh^i ! fj^ Y eVhhZgV^i aZ bdY aZ igVY^" i^dccZa Y¼^ci \gVi^dc bV^h fj^ c¼^gV^i eVh _jhfj¼Vj bdY aZ bjai^XjaijgVa^hiZ# 9j gZhiZ! XZgiV^ch eVnh Zjgde Zch! aZh EVnh"7Vh dj aV <gVcYZ"7gZiV\cZ! eg " hZciZci YZh h^\cZh YZ gZb^hZ Zc XVjhZ Vj eaVc adXVa Zi cVi^dcVa YZ aZjgh eda^" i^fjZh bjai^XjaijgVa^hiZh! Ydci aZh eajh VcX^ZccZh cZ YViZci ÄcVaZbZci fjZ YZh Vcc Zh &.,%"&.-%# EVg gVeedgi | XZiiZ fjZhi^dc! _Z XdchiViZ Vjhh^! Zc ;gVcXZ Zi V^aaZjgh YVch aZ bdcYZ! aZ g aZ ig h eVgi^Xja^Zg fjZ eZjkZci _djZg aZh ^ch" i^iji^dch Vgi^hi^fjZh Zi XjaijgZaaZh · _Z eZchZ cdiVbbZci Vjm bjh Zh · edjg Va^bZciZg XZiiZ Y^VaZXi^fjZ ZcigZ jc^i Zi Y^kZgh^i # 7^Zc ZciZcYj! aV fjZhi^dc ','

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc V | kd^g VkZX aV Xdchi^iji^dc YZ aV cVi^dc [gVc V^hZ# FjVcY aZ egd_Zi YZ 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zhi Vgg^k hjg aV eaVXZ ejWa^fjZ! ^a V hdjaZk jcZ kV\jZ Y¼Zci]djh^VhbZ fjZ _Z eVgiV\Z! eVgXZ fj¼^a hZ YdccV^i edjg b^hh^dc YZ g ^ci \gZg a¼]^hid^gZ YZh ^bb^\g h YVch XZaaZ YZ aV ;gVcXZ# AZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! edjg hV eVgi! V Zj jc g aZ e^dcc^Zg YVch XZiiZ kVadg^hVi^dc YZ aV eVgi YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch a¼]^hid^gZ adXVaZ YZej^h Vj bd^ch aV Äc YZh Vcc Zh -%# Jc iZa igVkV^a igdjkZ YZh XdggZhedcYVcXZh V^aaZjgh Zc :jgdeZ! Zc <gVcYZ"7gZiV\cZ aZh bjh Zh YZ Cdii^c\]Vb Zc 6aaZbV\cZ a¼d[ÄXZ ^ciZgXjaijgZa YZ ;gVcX[dgi ! hVch XdbeiZg WZVjXdje Y¼Zme g^ZcXZh iZg" g^idg^VaZh Ydci aZh aZ dch b g^iZgV^Zci Y¼ igZ i^g Zh | a¼ X]ZaaZ cVi^dcVaZ# BV^h aZ Y WVi fj^ Zhi edh ^X^ c¼Zhi eVh fj¼jc Y WVi YZ bdih# 8¼Zhi fj¼^a hZbWaZ W^Zc fj¼jc bZhhV\Z V^i i Zckdn ! Zc idji XVh jc bZhhV\Z V i ZciZcYj fj^ hZbWaZ ^cY^fjZg fjZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc hZgV^i jc egdWa bZ edjg a¼^YZci^i cVi^d" cVaZ 8¼Zhi XZi VbVa\VbZ fj^ Zhi aZ [dcY Yj egdWa bZ Vj_djgY¼]j^# B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ EVgYdccZo"bd^! bV^h ^a kV [Vaad^g hnci] i^hZg jc eZj! eVgXZ fj¼VjigZbZci idji aZ bdcYZ cZ edjggV eVh eVgaZg# EVg V^aaZjgh! _Z kdjYgV^h gVeeZaZg fjZ aZ hj_Zi Yj Y WVi Zhi ® aZ bjh Z Zi aZ eda^i^fjZ ¯! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ aZh Y X^h^dch XdcXZgcVci aV [dgbVi^dc Y¼jc \djkZgcZbZci! a¼Viig^Wji^dc YZh edgiZ[Zj^aaZh! aZ e g^b igZ YZh Viig^Wji^dch b^c^hi g^ZaaZh cZ gZa kZci eVh Yj bjh Z# AV fjZhi^dc Zhi / XdbbZci aZ bjh Z eZji _djZg hdc g aZ Y¼ZmeZgi^hZ VjidcdbZ! Zc [dcXi^dc YZ hdc eVig^bd^cZ Zi YZ aV XVeVX^i YZ hZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! eVg gVe" edgi | YZh eg^hZh YZ edh^i^dc hd^i YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ aV kVaZjg Y Xg i Z hd^i YZ aV kVaZjg YZ a¼de gVi^dccVa^i YZ aV Y X^h^dc 4 >a cZ [Vji eVh Y eaVXZg dj igde aVg\^g aZ hj_Zi! [VjiZ YZ fjd^ dc Zc\V\Z jc Y WVi hig^XiZbZci eda^i^fjZ fj^ c¼Zhi eVh! bZ hZbWaZ"i"^a! | a¼dgYgZ Yj _djg YZ XZiiZ _djgc Z# ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo CdigZ Y WVi! B^X]Za! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ jc Y WVi hjg aZ gVeedgi ZcigZ cki [ [j ieY_ j # BV fjZhi^dc h¼^chXg^i ZmVXiZbZci YVch XZiiZ egdWa bVi^fjZ# 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z GZbVgfjZ Zc bVg\Z fj^ h¼VYgZhhZ YVkVciV\Z | >kVc GZcVg · ZcXdgZ fjZ idjh aZh eVgi^X^eVcih hd^Zci XdcXZgc h# ?¼V^ WZVjXdje Veeg X^ kdigZ kdadci YZ eZgbZiigZ Vjm \Zch YZ bjh Z YZ edjkd^g igVkV^aaZg Zi YZ aZjg YdccZg jc e g^b igZ Y¼VXi^dc aVg\Z# ?¼V^ eVg XdcigZ i hjgeg^h fjZ kdjh cZ aZh ^ciZgeZa" a^Zo eVh hjg aV fjZhi^dc hj^kVciZ# 6j [dcY YVch aZh Vcc Zh hd^mVciZ V bZg\ XZ fj^ Zhi edjg bd^ jc YZh eg^cX^eVjm X]ZXh hjg aZ eaVc eda^i^fjZ YZh bjh Zh! | hVkd^g fj¼^ah _djV^Zci jcZ [dcXi^dc ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci gZegdYjXig^XZ Zi YZ gZegdYjXi^dc hdX^VaZ# =^Zg B^X]Za 8 i eVgaV^i · _Z hV^h fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh &+'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

aZ hZja ^chigjbZci YZ bZhjgZ · YZ aV [g fjZciVi^dc YZh bjh Zh# Dc eZji Y^gZ fjZ! X^cfjVciZ Vch eajh iVgY! fjVcY dc kd^i aZh ejWa^Xh fj^ k^ZccZci! dc eZji bZiigZ [dgiZbZci Zc XVjhZ aZ [V^i fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ aZh bjh Zh _djZgV^Zci jcZ [dcXi^dc bVcX^eVig^XZ Zi dc edjggV^i hZ Y^gZ! h^ dc VcVanhZ W^Zc cdh egVi^" fjZh! fjZ eZcYVci X^cfjVciZ Vch eVh \gVcY"X]dhZ c¼V kdaj h^ XZ c¼Zhi | aV bVg\Z# :i YdcX _Z igdjkZ fjZ aZh eda^i^fjZh YZkgV^Zci Vjhh^ Vkd^g jcZ Zm^\ZcXZ Y¼jc eZj g kZ^aaZg# EVgXZ fj¼VjiVci ^ah Yd^kZci \VgVci^g aZ e g^b igZ Y¼VXi^dc YZh \Zch YZ bjh Z! VjiVci _Z igdjkZ fjZ YZ XZ X i "a|! a¼^chi^iji^dc Yd^i [VbZj" hZbZci hZ gZbZiigZ Zc fjZhi^dc# :i _Z igdjkZ ^X^ fj¼jc Y WVi hjg eda^i^fjZ Zi bjh Z! V V i jcZ fjZhi^dc idiVaZbZci dXXjai Z Zi _Z aZ gZ\gZiiZ# 6cYg 9ZhkVaa Zh ?Z kdjYgV^h gZWdcY^g hjg aZ egZb^Zg bdi YZ a¼^ciZgkZci^dc Y¼>kVc GZcVg! a¼]jbVc^i # _Z kdjYgV^h gZkZc^g Vj Y WVi fjZ BVYVbZ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg cdjh V egdedh hjg aZ eVig^bd^cZ Zi aZh YZjm iZgbZh fj¼ZaaZ V ji^a^h h! aV edh" hZhh^dc Zi a¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ# :aaZ V iZgb^c hdc ^ciZgkZci^dc Zc cdjh Y^hVci / ® CW_i Z[i Y^Wdj_[hi iedj [dYeh[ } eklh_h [j } Z l[beff[h fWh hWffehj } bÊWffhe# fh_Wj_ed$ ¯ Bd^ _Z eZchZ fjZ aV fjZhi^dc Zhi g hdajZ YZej^h aZ ed^ci YZ Y eVgi! | hVkd^g YZej^h aZ bdbZci d aV G kdaji^dc [gVc V^hZ V VkVcX aZ iZgbZ YZ eVig^bd^cZ Zc VeeZaVci aZh X^idnZch ^bb^\g h | [V^gZ YZ aZjg eVig^bd^cZ eg^k aZ eVig^bd^cZ YZ aV cVi^dc# ² eVgi^g YZ a|! Y¼jcZ XdccdiVi^dc ejgZbZci _jg^Y^fjZ! cdiVg^VaZ b bZ! YZ aV egdeg^ i ! dc Zhi eVhh | jcZ Veegdeg^Vi^dc bdgVaZ fj^ [V^i fj¼^a c¼n V eajh WZhd^c YZ cdjkZaaZh ad^h Zi fjZ aZ IV_ BV]Va! 6Wj H^bWZa VeeVgi^ZccZci | a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ a¼]jbVc^i idji VjiVci fjZ aV L_Yje_h[ Z[ IWcej^hWY[ dj aZ IZbeaZ YZ 7Zga^c! aZ EZg\Vbdc# 6adgh k^YZb" bZci a¼Veegdeg^Vi^dc c¼Zhi eVh e]nh^fjZ bV^h dc V VjiVci aZ Ygd^i YZ egdiZh" iZg YZej^h EVg^h dj AdcYgZh adghfjZ YZh jh^cZh YZ X^bZciZg^Z hdci | egdm^" b^i Yj IV_ BV]Va Zi Zc Y \gVYZci aZh bVgWgZh fjZ c¼^bedgiZ fjZa VjigZ ]jbV^c! YZ egdiZhiZg h^ Z[[ZXi^kZbZci aV ;gVcXZ hZ bZiiV^i | eZji" igZ igde egdbZcZg BW @eYedZ[ Zi aV bZiiV^i Zc XdcY^i^dc YZ Y \gVYVi^dc# 6^hhViV =V^YVgV 7dc_djg! BVYVbZ =V^YVgV 6^hhViV# ?Z hj^h edgiZjg Y¼jc egd_Zi fj^ c¼V eVh ZcXdgZ Zj a^Zj! Y¼jc egd_Zi Y¼ Xdbjh Z YVch aV kVaa Z Yj C^\Zg# ?¼V^ YZjm eZi^iZh fjZhi^dch Y¼ XaV^gX^hhZbZci fjZ _Z kZjm edhZg | Bdch^Zjg aZ B^c^higZ hjg kZcijZaaZbZci aV fjZhi^dc YZ a¼VXijVa^i fj^ Zhi a¼^bb^\gVi^dc# Fj^ Y^i ^bb^\gVi^dc Y^i bdjkZbZci YZ eZjeaZh Y^i eZjeaZh# ?Z kdjYgV^h _jhiZ hVkd^g fjZah hZgdci aZh eZjeaZh fj^ hZgdci XdcXZgc h eVg kdigZ egd_Zi! fjZaaZ ed" fjZ he X^ÄfjZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ XZh eZjeaZh hZgV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg eZcYVci kdh Zmedh^i^dch Zi Vj Xdjgh YZ XZh Y^[[ gZciZh Zmedh^i^dch! Zhi"XZ fjZ kdigZ ^ch" i^iji^dc kV h¼ViiZaZg jc^fjZbZci | bdcigZg | aV ;gVcXZ dj ZaaZ hZgV djkZgiZ ',)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Vjm eZjeaZh XdcXZgc Zh Zc [V^hVci VeeZa | Y¼VjigZh eZjeaZh edjg kVadg^hZg Z[[ZXi^kZbZci Zi bdcigZg | aV cVi^dc! | idjiZh aZh cVi^dch Yj bdcYZ Z[[ZX" i^kZbZci fjZ aV ;gVcXZ! fj^ YZkV^i Vkd^g XZiiZ ^chi^iji^dc YZej^h XZci Vch! V fjVcY b bZ Y X^Y ZcÄc YZ a¼Vkd^g# BV YZjm^ bZ fjZhi^dc! X¼Zhi hjg kdigZ XdcXajh^dc# Kdjh VkZo Y^i Vj Y eVgi fjZ kdjh VaaZo bdcigZg aV g Va^i ! a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aZh [V^ih iZah fj¼^ah hZ hdci Y gdja h# BV^h kZgh aV Äc! kdjh VkZo Y^i fjZ kdjh VaaZo WgdnZg aZh ^YZc" i^i h YZ bVc^ gZ | Vkd^g jcZ ^YZci^i g ejWa^XV^cZ# :hi"XZ fjZ! Bdch^Zjg aZ B^c^higZ! aV g Va^i VXXZeiZ fjZ aZh g Va^i h hd^Zci Wgdn Zh eVgXZ fjZ X]VfjZ eZjeaZ V hV bVgfjZ Zi hV he X^ÄX^i # BZgX^ WZVjXdje# ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX 8¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc hjg aZ g aZ Yj bjh Z Zi hjg aZ edgiZ"|"[Vjm fj¼^a eZji n Vkd^g | XZgiV^ch bdbZcih fjVcY aZ bjh Z a \^i^bZ fjVcY b bZ XZgiV^cZh edh^i^dch! ZcÄc ^a V jcZ k^h^dc ]jbVc^hiZ eVg ZmZbeaZ fjVcY dc V kj YZh e]did\gVe]^Zh Y¼Da^k^Zg ?dWVgY hjg aZh ^bb^\g h XaVcYZhi^ch fj^ igVkZghZci aZh [gdci^ gZh! dc kd^i aZh ^bV\Zh YZh XZcigZh Y¼VXXjZ^a! dc kd^i aZh ^bV\Zh Vjhh^ YZh iV\h fj^ Xdcig^WjZci jc eZj | aV Xdc[jh^dc ej^hfjZ cdjh"b bZh Vkdch i VeeZa h Zc gZ\VgYVci aZh ^bV\Zh | Y^gZ iV\h! ^bb^\gVi^dc! ZiX# H^ eVg ZmZb" eaZ aZh \Zch k^ZccZci Vj bjh Z! ^ah kd^Zci XZiiZ edh^i^dc fj^ Zhi Vhhjb Z ^ch" i^iji^dccZaaZbZci! fj^ V i Veejn Z eVg a¼wiVi! d ^ah dci V[[V^gZ | jc gZ\VgY Xdbeg ]Zch^[! | jc hVkd^g fj^ hZ Xg Z hjg aV h^ijVi^dc YZh \Zch fj^ igVkZghZci YZh [gdci^ gZh! kdjh VkZo jcZ a \^i^bVi^dc Vj cdb Y¼V^aaZjgh YZ aV XdchigjX" i^dc Y¼jc hVkd^g VXVY b^fjZ fj^ bZi Zc XVjhZ Yj Xdje aZh edh^i^dch eda^i^" fjZh fj^ hZgV^Zci / ® ?b d[ \Wkj fWi Z l[beff[h bÊ_cc_]hWj_ed$ ¯ 9dcX XZh edh^i^dch hdci a \^i^b Zh eVg aZ bjh Z! ZaaZh hdci kVa^Y Zh! ZaaZh hdci b^hZh YVch aZ Y WVi Zi ^bb Y^ViZbZci Veg h! dc eZji egZcYgZ YZh edh^i^dch Zc Y^hVci / ® B[ cki [ [ij kd[ _dij_jkj_ed gk_ [ij b ]_j_c [ fWh bÊxjWj" [d bÊeYYkhh[dY[ bW 9_j Z[ bÊ_cc_]hW# j_ed deki cedjh[ gk[ bÊed f[kj Wle_h kd fe_dj Z[ lk[ Yecfh ^[di_\" Yedijhk_j ikh bÊ_cc_]hWj_ed$ ¯ 9dcX | XZ bdbZci"a|! dc Zhi YVch jcZ h^ijVi^dc hX]^ode]g cZ ej^hfj¼Zc [V^i dc YdccZ Zc Z[[Zi aZh dji^ah edjg edjkd^g Xdchigj^gZ jcZ edh^" i^dc ig h igVch\gZhh^kZ eVg gVeedgi | YZh eda^i^fjZh Y¼wiVi bV^h | XZ bdbZci" a| aZh eda^i^fjZh kdci"ZaaZh hj^kgZ 4 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ XdbbZci V hZ eVhhZ fjVcY dc djkgZ aV edgiZ | aV a \^i^bVi^dc YZ edh^i^dch igVch\gZhh^kZh Zi fj¼dc cZ eZji eVh V^YZg Zi dc cZ eZji eVh hj^kgZ aZh eZghdccZh fj^ kdci egZcYgZ aZh g^h" fjZh Y¼VhhjbZg XZh edh^i^dch igVch\gZhh^kZh 4 <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg 6eg h XZ fjZ kdjh kZcZo YZ Y^gZ Zi XZ fjZ _Z k^Zch YZ kd^g Vjhh^ Vjm ^bV" \Zh fj^ dci VXXdbeV\c aZ Y^hXdjgh YZ Bdch^Zjg IdjWdc! _Z bZ Y^h fj¼^a n V fjVcY b bZ YZ aV kVaZjg egdegZ Vjm dW_Zih! Vjm VgiZ[VXih! Vjm ^bV\Zh! &+)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

Vjm ¶jkgZh Y¼Vgi# Dc eZji aZh ji^a^hZg! aZh ^chigjbZciVa^hZg edjg k^c\i"X^cf Y^hXdjgh YZ hj^iZ! bV^h ÄcVaZbZci! eVg jc b^gVXaZ fjZ _Z cZ kZjm eVh XaV^g" X^g ^X^! ^ah g h^hiZci YZ bVc^ gZ YjgVWaZ | a¼ ej^hZbZci h bVci^fjZ# 8¼Zhi"|" Y^gZ fj¼jc dW_Zi fj^ V i ^ciZgeg i ! Y XdciZmijVa^h ! Y h bVci^h ! gZh bVc" i^h | YZ cdbWgZjhZh gZeg^hZh! iVci fj¼^a Zm^hiZ! VjgV idj_djgh jc ediZci^Za YZ XdcigZ"aZXijgZ# 8¼Zhi edjg XZaV fjZ aV gZhedchVW^a^i YZh bjh Zh edjg aV XdchZgkVi^dc YZh dW_Zih Zhi jc YZkd^g hVXg :i h^ Y^gZ XZaV ^bea^fjZ jcZ gZhV" XgVa^hVi^dc YZh dW_Zih! _Z kZjm W^Zc# EVgXZ fjZ! ^a [Vji aZh dW_Zih edjg W}i^g YZh Y^hXdjgh Zi YZh XdcigZ"Y^hXdjgh eVig^bdc^Vjm H^ aZh dW_Zih c¼V[ÄX]Zci eVh XZ fj¼^ah h^\c^ÄZci! Zi h^ idjiZ h^\c^ÄXVi^dc Zhi hdX^VaZbZci Xdchigj^iZ! aZh dW_Zih · XdbbZ aZh W}i^bZcih · Xdci^ZccZci idji YZ b bZ! YVch aZjg bVi^ gZ! aZjg [dgbZ Zi aZjg a^Zj! YZh g edchZh | YZh fjZhi^dch fj¼dc aZjg edhZ! Zi b bZ Vjm fjZhi^dch fj¼dc c¼V eVh ZcXdgZ hj aZjg edhZg# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fj¼^ah cZ hZgdci _VbV^h ej^h h Zi X¼Zhi edjg XZaV fj¼^a [Vji aZh egdi \Zg# >a cZ [Vji eVh! hdjh aZ eg iZmiZ YZ Y edjhh^ gZg aZh bjh d\gVe]^Zh fj^ YViZci! VWVcYdccZg aZh WdccZh g \aZh edjg aV XdchZgkVi^dc YZh XdaaZXi^dch fj^ VhhjgZci aV fjVa^i YjgVWaZ YZh dW_Zih# EVgXZ fjZ aZh dW_Zih! X¼Zhi [gV\^aZ# EVg ZmZbeaZ / | 7Zga^c! cdjh VjigZh 7Zga^cd^h cdjh Vkdch aZ _dnVj Yj Bjh Z \nei^Zc! aV DWk\h[j_j" YdcX! XZ edgigV^i hXjaei Zi eZ^ci YZ aV eajh WZaaZ YZh gZ^cZh \nei^ZccZh# Cdjh aZ Xdch^Y gdch · YVch aV ad\^fjZ Y bdcig Z eajh ]Vji · iZa jc eVig^bd^cZ WZga^cd^h# Dc hZ Y^i fjZ! W^Zc h g! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ jc eVig^bd^cZ \nei^Zc! Zi _Z cZ Yd^h eVh eVhhZg hjg aZh cdbWgZjm ZhhV^h Yj \dj" kZgcZbZci YZ a¼w\neiZ YZ Y XaVgZg aV DWk\h[j_j aV aZjg ZmXajh^kZbZci# BV^h ej^hfjZ aV h^ijVi^dc _jg^Y^fjZ Zhi XaV^gZ! Zi aZh Vjidg^i h WZga^cd^hZh cZ kdci _VbV^h gZcYgZ aZjg WZaaZ \nei^ZccZ! jcZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ YZ eZghdccZh W^Zc"eZchVc" iZh V egdedh YZ eVgiV\Zg a¼dg^\^cVa! YdcX! YZ a¼ZmedhZg | 7Zga^c Zi Vj 8V^gZ | idjg YZ g aZ# 7ZaaZ ^Y Z \Va^iV^gZ! bV^h dc eZji igZ h g fj¼jc _djg! DWk\h[j_j kV idbWZg eVg iZggZ Zi ZaaZ hZgV Zc b^ZiiZh# AZh dW_Zih! Zc Z[[Zi! hdci [gV\^aZh! ^ah dci jcZ Äc# 8dbbZ aZh bV^hdch# 8dbbZ aZh eVig^bd^cZh Zc \ c gVa# ?Z Xgd^h ig h [dgi | aV Y^\c^i YZ a¼dW_Zi# 8¼Zhi XZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h hjgidji hdja^\cZg# JcZ g edchZ | kdigZ fjZhi^dc! bd^ _¼VYdgZ aZh bdih YZ K^Xidg =j\d / ® ?b o W Z[kn Y^ei[i ZWdi kd Z_ÓY[" ied kiW][ [j iW X[Wkj 1 ied kiW][ WffWhj_[dj Wk fhe# fh_ jW_h[" iW X[Wkj } jekj b[ cedZ[ 1 } leki" } ce_" } deki jeki$ :edY b[ Z jhk_h[ YÊ[ij Z fWii[h ied Zhe_j$ ¯ >a a¼V Xg^i YVch hdc [VbZjm iZmiZ =k[hh[ Wkn Z ceb_i# i[khi YZ &-('! jc bdi kgV^bZci eg^bdgY^Va edjg XZ fj^ Zhi a¼^ci g i ejWa^X Zi aZ W^Zc ejWa^X eVg gVeedgi Vj eVig^bd^cZ# ?¼n Xgd^h WZVjXdje eajh fj¼| a¼^Y Z YZh eVig^bd^cZh fj^ VeeVgi^ZcYgV^Zci | a¼]jbVc^i Zci^ gZ# Edjg bd^ X¼Zhi igde VWhigV^i# C¼Zhi"XZ eVh fj¼jcZ ÄXi^dc 4 8¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc | edhZg#

',+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

>kVc GZcVg Hjg a¼VheZXi iZX]c^fjZ! YZ \Zhi^dc Zi a¼VheZXi eda^i^fjZ# Dc djWa^Z igde hdjkZci fjZ aV egZb^ gZ gZhhdjgXZ Y¼jc eVnh XdbbZ aZ c igZ! X¼Zhi a¼^ciZaa^\ZcXZ# >a [Vji ^ckZhi^g g hdajbZci YVch aV bVi^ gZ \g^hZ YVch XZ eVnh# Bd^ _Z b^a^iZ edjg cdc eVh & Yj WjY\Zi | aV 8jaijgZ bV^h & Yj egdYj^i ^ci g^Zjg Wgji# EVgXZ fjZ h^ aZ hZgk^XZ ejWa^X gZXjaZ! aZ bVgX] h¼VkVcXZ# :i aZ bVgX] ! XdbbZ kdjh aZ hVkZo! Zhi hVch XdchX^ZcXZ c^ b^h g^XdgYZ# AZh eVgaZ" bZciV^gZh fjZ cdjh hdbbZh! Y eji h XdbbZ h cViZjgh! hdci Zc eZgbVcZcXZ hdjh aV egZhh^dc YZh adWW^Zh aZh eajh Y^kZgh / hncY^XVi YZ aV WdjX]Zg^Z [gVc" V^hZ! hncY^XVi YZ aV WdjaVc\Zg^Z [gVc V^hZ! aZh Y^[[ gZcih dgYgZh YZ b YZX^c! a¼VjY^dk^hjZa! ZiX#! Zi YZh XdgedgVi^dch Xdbea iZh! Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg aZh XdgedgV" i^dch ^ciZaaZXijZaaZh c¼^ciZgk^ZccZci eVh! ZaaZh >a [Vji hVkd^g fj¼jc eVgaZ" bZciV^gZ fj^ gZ d^i igd^h aZiigZh hjg aZ b bZ hj_Zi YZk^Zci [ Wg^aZ Zi ^a h¼V\^iZ 9Zh bV_dg^i h Y¼^Y Zh fjZafjZ[d^h eZjkZci hZ Xg Zg | eVgi^g Y¼jc egdWa bZ Zi [V^gZ Wdj\Zg aZh X]dhZh# ?Z gZk^Zch idji | a¼]ZjgZ Vj Y WVi VkZX aZh XdchZgkV" iZjgh# Ji^a^hZo kdigZ Ygd^i Y¼^c\ gZcXZ! Xdch^Y gZo"aZ XdbbZ jc YZkd^g Y¼^c" iZgeZaaVi^dc eZgbVcZciZ# >a c¼n V eVh YZ a^WZgi YVch aZ Y hZgi# FjVcY aV k g^i c¼Zhi eVh a^WgZ! aV a^WZgi c¼Zhi eVh kgV^Z# 6adgh kVhiZ X]Vci^Zg Zi kVhiZ egdWa bZ XdbbZ Y^gV^i a¼VjigZ# :i hjg aV k g^i XdbbZ Y^hV^i jc k^Zjm bdch^Zjg V[g^XV^c! ® _b o W cW l h_j " _b o W jW l h_j [j _b o W bW l h_j ¯# Dc Zhi hjg jc iZggV^c Y^[ÄX^aZ eVgXZ fj¼Z[[ZXi^kZbZci! Yj ed^ci YZ kjZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ _¼V^ Ydcc ! Zi _¼Zc V^ i^g aZh ZchZ^\cZbZcih# C¼djWa^dch _VbV^h! bdc X]Zg <jn HVZo! fjZ aZh Y X^h^dch hdci aZ [gj^i YZ X]d^m eda^i^fjZh Zi fj¼^a [Vji gZ[jhZg aV hZjaZ ad\^fjZ \Zhi^dccV^gZ! _Z Y^h XZaaZ Yj bVgX] # BV^h _Z hj^h Vjhh^ edjg YZh gVeedgih eg^k "ejWa^X! _Z cZ c^Z eVh a¼Veedgi Yj eg^k # ² eVgi^g Yj bdbZci d aZ hZgk^XZ ejWa^X Zhi W^Zc eg hZci! | XdcY^i^dc cVijgZaaZbZci fjZ a¼^ciZgkZci^dc eg^k Z cZ hd^i eVh a| edjg [V^gZ aZh Äch YZ bd^h Y¼jc wiVi c XZhh^iZjm# ?VXfjZh IdjWdc À 7_iiWjW >W_ZWhW BVYVbZ! _Z bZ hj^h bVa Zmeg^b dj kdjh b¼VkZo bVa ZciZcYj# ?¼V^ Y^i aZ XdcigV^gZ YZ XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Xgj ZciZcYgZ# ?¼V^ Y^i fjZ aV XdcXZei^dc igVY^i^dccZaaZ! g ejWa^XV^cZ! VWhdajZ Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ fj^ g \cV^i ZcXdgZ Zc bV igZ Zi fj^ g \cV^i Vj M>MZ! Vj Y Wji Yj MMZ h^ " XaZ! Xdch^hiV^i Z[[ZXi^kZbZci | WgdnZg aZh ^YZci^i h YVch aV X^idnZccZi bV^h fj¼Vj_djgY¼]j^! Zi fjZ aV 8c]^ Zc iV^i aV Y bdchigVi^dc! a¼dc edjkV^i gVXdciZg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ aV ;gVcXZ Zi a¼]^hid^gZ Yj g aZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch a¼]^hid^gZ YZ aV ;gVcXZ Zc gZXdccV^hhVci Vj XdcigV^gZ aV Y^kZgh^i YZh dg^\^" cZh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Vj XdcigV^gZ hVch WgdnZg aZh dg^\^cZh# ?Z cZ kZjm eVh WgdnZg aZh dg^\^cZh! _Z kZjm Vj XdcigV^gZ cZ eVh aZh WgdnZg# Dc kV gVXdciZg | igVkZgh jcZ eg hZciVi^dc X]gdcdad\^fjZ Zi i] bVi^fjZ! dc kV gVXdciZg a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^b" &++

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

b^\gVi^dc Zi YZh ^bb^\g h idjh Vo^bjih! _Z kZjm Y^gZ fj¼dc XdbeiZ fj¼^a n V X^cfjVciZ"X^cf dj X^cfjVciZ"h^m eZjeaZh! Zi]c^Zh · ^a Zm^hiZ eajh^Zjgh VeeZa" aVi^dch bV^h Y^hdch cVi^dch · fj^ dci ej Vj Äa YZ a¼]^hid^gZ ^bb^\gZg YVch cdigZ eVnh# Dc cZ kV eVh igV^iZg aZh X]dhZh jcZ eVg jcZ! eVg XdbbjcVji bV^h cdjh Vaadch eVgaZg cVijgZaaZbZci Vjhh^ W^Zc! XdbbZ _Z a¼V^ Zmea^fj idji | a¼]ZjgZ! YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc Zjgde ZccZ fjZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc kZcjZ Yj HjY Zi Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg edjg aV eajh \gVcYZ eVgi^Z jcZ ^bb^\gVi^dc Y¼dg^\^cZ Xdad" c^VaZ dj edhi"Xdadc^VaZ# 9¼V^aaZjgh kdjh VkZo cdigZ egd\gVbbVi^dc | igVkZgh aZh YZjm dj igd^h Vcc Zh fj^ k^ZccZci! Zi kdjh kdnZo fj¼| igVkZgh cdh Zmed" h^i^dch! XdaadfjZh dj VjigZh! cdjh gZegZcdch jcZ k^h^dc ig h aVg\Z! X¼Zhi ZmVX" iZbZci XdbbZ V YVch a¼Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ# 6adgh ^a n V fjZafjZ X]dhZ Y¼^ci gZhhVci fjZ kdjh VkZo Y^i# ?Z eZchZ fj¼dc aZ [ZgV YVch jc hZXdcY iZbeh! eVgXZ fj¼^a [Vji Y¼VWdgY fj¼dc hZ XZcigZ eZji" igZ jc eZj hjg XZ fj^ Zhi cdigZ X¶jg# 8¼Zhi jc igVkV^a hjg aZh eVnh Y¼dg^\^cZ# 6WYZabVaZ` HVnVY! fj^ Zhi aZ [dc" YViZjg YZ aV hdX^dad\^Z YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc YVch cdigZ eVnh YVch aZh Vcc Zh &.*% Zi &.+%! Y^hV^i fj¼^a [VaaV^i Vkd^g aZ gZ\VgY YZh YZjm g^kZh Zi Zc a¼dXXjggZcXZ ^a eVgaV^i YZ a¼6a\ g^Z Y¼jc X i Zi YZ BVghZ^aaZ YZ a¼VjigZ X i # ?Z eZchZ Z[[ZXi^kZ" bZci fjZ cdjh Vaadch igVkV^aaZg VkZX aZh eVnh Y¼dg^\^cZ# BV^h eVg ZmZbeaZ dc V XdbbZcX Y _| | aZ [V^gZ! dc V jc igVkV^a hjg a¼]^hid^gZ Yj igVkV^a Va\ g^Zc! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ Yj igVkV^a Zc 6a\ g^Z! Yj igVkV^a Vjhh^ YZh 6a\ g^Zch Zc ;gVcXZ fj^ Zhi jc egd_Zi# Kd^a| fjZafjZ X]dhZ fjZ cdjh Vaadch [V^gZ c XZhhV^gZbZci | aV [d^h cdjh! ^chi^iji^dch [gVc V^hZh! XdbbZ eVg ZmZbeaZ aZ Bj8Zb | BVghZ^aaZ Zi aZh ^chi^iji^dch Va\ g^ZccZh YZ a¼VjigZ X i # À @e bb[ B[ CWh[Y 9Zjm^ bZ fjZhi^dc YZ BVYVbZ# ?Z Yd^h Y^gZ ]dcc " iZbZci fjZ _Z c¼V^ eVh idji | [V^i Xdbeg^h dj eZji" igZ fjZ V Zm^\ZgV^i jc Y WVi WZVjXdje eajh adc\# BV^h XZ fjZ _Z kZjm Y^gZ h^beaZbZci! fjVcY kdjh eVgaZo YZ a \^i^bVi^dc! fjVcY kdjh eVgaZo YZ Y^[ÄXjai YZ egZcYgZ YZh edh^" i^dch igVch\gZhh^kZh! _Z Y^h h^beaZbZci jcZ X]dhZ# 8¼Zhi fjZ XZ fjZ cdjh eg " hZcidch! XZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch bdcig hjg aZh Y^Vedh^i^kZh idji | a¼]ZjgZ! XZ hdci jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼ a bZcih! X¼Zhi YZh Zmedh 0 )*% Zmedh YVch a¼Zmedh^i^dc eZgbVcZciZ! YZ idjiZ cVijgZ! YZh e]didh! YZh dW_Zih! fj^ hdci jcZ ^aajhigVi^dc! jc i bd^\cV\Z! jcZ ^cXVgcVi^dc° Kdjh Zc VjgZo YZh hdcdgZh YVch jc XVhfjZ VkZX aZfjZa dc [ZgV aV k^h^iZ! XZ cZ hZgV eVh hZjaZbZci jc XVhfjZ VjY^d\j^YZ bV^h fj^ XdbedgiZgV YZh a bZcih YZ a¼Zmedh^i^dc Zi eVh hZjaZbZci YZh Xdb" bZciV^gZh hjg a¼Zmedh^i^dc# 8Zh Zmedh ZhhV^Zci YZ YdccZg! VjigZbZci fj¼Zc a^hVci jc a^kgZ dj jcZ eV\Z YZ iZmiZ! jcZ ^aajhigVi^dc YZ a¼]^hid^gZ# 6j k^h^iZjg Zchj^iZ Y¼Zc i^gZg aV XdcXajh^dc fj¼^a kdjYgV# Cdjh [Zgdch aV eg hZciVi^dc aV eajh cZjigZ edhh^WaZ# AdghfjZ a¼dW_Zi hZgV ig h XaV^gZbZci Xdccdi ! eVg ZmZb" eaZ VkZX jcZ eda^i^fjZ g egZhh^kZ! ^a hZgV bdcig XdbbZ jc dW_Zi Y¼jcZ eda^" i^fjZ g egZhh^kZ# 8]VXjc Zchj^iZ hZgV eg i | _j\Zg h¼^a iV^i Y¼VXXdgY dj eVh VkZX XZiiZ eda^i^fjZ# FjVcY Vj XdcigV^gZ XZi dW_Zi hZgV aV igVYjXi^dc Y¼jcZ ',-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

g Va^hVi^dc edh^i^kZ edjg a¼^cY^k^Yj dj edjg aV hdX^ i ! X]VXjc edjggV Xdch^" Y gZg h^ X¼Zhi Z[[ZXi^kZbZci edh^i^[ dj eVh# BV^h kd^a| cdigZ egd_Zi# :cXdgZ jcZ [d^h! cdigZ egd_Zi kZji YdccZg jc ^chigjbZci YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ! jc dji^a edjg aV gV^hdc Xg^i^fjZ! jc dji^a edjg bVgX]Zg! Y bVgX]Zg! hZ bdjkd^g YVch aZ Y WVi XdciZbedgV^c Zi Vkd^g hjg aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi hjg XZiiZ fjZh" i^dc ig h ^bedgiVciZ YVch aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ jcZ VjigZ k^h^dc fjZ aV k^h^dc ^bb Y^ViZ! fjZ aV k^h^dc"g ÅZmZ dj fjZ aV k^h^dc [VciVhbVi^fjZ# B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ BZgX^# Edjg k^iZg fjZ aV h VcXZ cZ hd^i ÄcVaZbZci fj¼jcZ hdgiZ Y¼ ijYZ YZ XVh | eVgi^g YZ aVfjZaaZ dc gV^hdccZ YZ bVc^ gZ igde [gV\bZciV^gZ! _Z kdj" YgV^h cdcXZg YZjm dj igd^h a bZcih YZ [dcY# AZ egZb^Zg! X¼Zhi fj¼Zm^hiZ jcZ hdgiZ YZ Xdc[jh^dc! ig h \gVkZ edjg aZh bjh Zh! ZcigZ aV cdi^dc Y¼^YZci^i cVi^dcVaZ! fj^ Zhi eVg ZhhZcXZ jcZ ^YZci^i eda^i^fjZ! ]^hidg^fjZ! Vj h^c\j" a^Zg! Zi XZaaZ Y¼^YZci^i XjaijgZaaZ! fj^! ZaaZ! eZji hZ Y Xa^cZg VkZX YZh kVg^VWaZh! VkZX YZh ® h ¯# 8ZX^ ^cigdYj^i YVch aZ gVeedgi eda^i^fjZ Vj bjh Z! jcZ fjZhi^dc fj^ V W^Zc i igV^i Z YVch XZiiZ iVWaZ gdcYZ / aZh dW_Zih YZh bjh Zh! XZjm fjZ a¼dc gZ\VgYZ! fj^ cZ h¼Zmeg^bZci eVh! fjZ a¼dc ^ciZgeg iZ VkZX jc Vgg^ gZ"eaVc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh Zi YZ hZch^W^a^i h VXfj^hZh! hdci hd^i YZh dW_Zih XjaijgZah! Zi | XZ bdbZci"a| ^ah cZ g edcYZci eVh | aV cdi^dc Y¼^YZci^i eda^i^fjZ! hd^i YZh dW_Zih eda^i^fjZh Zi | XZ bdbZci XZ hdci YZh i bd^ch Y¼]^hid^gZ! XZ hdci YZh VgX]^kZh! X¼Zhi eVg ZmZbeaZ aV XdaaZXi^dch Yj 9]b Ydci dc eVgaV^i idji | a¼]ZjgZ# AV Xdc[jh^dc Zhi \gVkZ eVgXZ fj¼dc kZji VWhdajbZci [V^gZ XdaaZg jcZ cdi^dc Vj [dcY Vci]gdedad\^fjZ! egZhfjZ Zi]c^fjZ! | jcZ cdi^dc eda^i^fjZ# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ aZ XdcXZei Y¼wiVi"cVi^dc! Zi X¼Zhi W \ehj_eh_ eajh ^bedgiVci adghfj¼^a h¼V\^i YZ XdbbjcVji h hjegVcVi^dcVaZh! c XZhh^iZ jc gZ\VgY Y^[[ gZci# AZ YZjm^ bZ a bZci! X¼Zhi fjZ idji aZ bdcYZ V ^ch^hi ÄcVaZbZci hjg aZ gZidjg | aV cdi^dc Y¼jc bjh Z"[dgjb! YZ a^Zj d a¼dc cZ Y a^kgZ eVh jcZ k g^i XVcdc^fjZ · Zi aZ bdi YZ k g^i V [V^i Y WVi ·! VXVY b^fjZ! g k a Z jcZ [d^h edjg idjiZ! igVchXg^iZ hjg jcZ IVWaZ YZ aV Ad^ Ydci aZh XdchZgkViZjgh hZgV^Zci cdc eVh aZh \ZcYVgbZh bV^h aZh eg igZh# ?Z Xgd^h Z[[ZXi^kZbZci fjZ XZiiZ XdcXZei^dc Yj bjh Z"iZbeaZ Yj hVkd^g · Yj bd^ch h^ XZiiZ XdcXZei^dc Zhi gZhig^Xi^kZ · Yd^i igZ hdgi^Z YZ cdh jc^kZgh bZciVjm# AZ bjh Z bdYZgcZ Zhi jc bjh Z"[dgjb! cdc egZhXg^ei^[! jc a^Zj d aV hX^ZcXZ YZk^Zci h^beaZ" bZci jc a bZci YZ Y^bZch^dc Xg^i^fjZ Zi cdc jc [djgc^hhZjg YZ k g^i # >a [VjYgV W^Zc h g eg X^hZg! Veegd[dcY^g eVgXZ fjZ XZaV edhZ jc egdWa bZ k^h"|" k^h Yj eda^i^fjZ / h^ aZ bjh Z c¼Zhi eVh aZ a^Zj Y¼jc hVkd^g! XdbbZci XZ YZgc^Zg edjggV"i"^a VYbZiigZ YZ aV eVgi YZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh YZh bjh Zh jcZ ZmegZhh^dc kZcijZaaZbZci XdciZhiViV^gZ YZ aZjgh edh^i^dch 4 FjZa Zhi aZ g aZ YZ a¼Zm" eZgi 4 Dc hV^i fjZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ a¼ZmeZgi^hZ Zhi jc egdWa bZ [dcYVbZciVa YZ a¼wiVi bdYZgcZ Zi YZh hdX^ i h XdbeaZmZh! fj^ Y eVhhZ ig h aVg\ZbZci aZh &+-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk feb_j_gk[ Å Z XWj

bjh Zh Zi fj^ Zhi Y WViij YVch W^Zc Y¼VjigZh ^chiVcXZh / cdjh Vkdch XZ egd" Wa bZ eVg gVeedgi Vj Xg Vi^dcc^hbZ eVg ZmZbeaZ! dj | a¼VkZc^g YZ aV eaV" c iZ° AV eg^hZ Zc XdbeiZ YZ a¼ZmeZgi^hZ eVg aZ eda^i^fjZ! fjZ XZaaZ"X^ c¼Zmd" c gZ eVh YZ hZh gZhedchVW^a^i h! Zhi Zmig bZbZci Y a^XViZ# 9dcX aZ g aZ YZh ZmeZgih! aZjg hiViji! aZjg XVeVX^i Y¼Vjidcdb^Z eVg gVeedgi Vj eda^i^fjZ · ^ah cZ eZjkZci eVh igZ ^cY eZcYVcih bV^h ^ah Yd^kZci Vkd^g jcZ Vjidcdb^Z Y¼Zm" egZhh^dc · dci edh idjiZ jcZ h g^Z YZ fjZhi^dch fj^ hZ iZgb^cZ eVg aZ k^WgVci VeeZa | aV g kdaiZ Y¼>kVc GZcVg hjg aZfjZa _¼V^bZ W^Zc iZgb^cZg XZiiZ bVi^c Z! VeeZa | aV g kdaji^dc! bV [d^! W^Zc cdjh hdbbZh ^X^ eVg aV kdadci Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Zi YZ hZh XZci Vch Y¼Zme g^ZcXZ# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z! _Z gZbZgX^Z aZh Xdc[ gZcX^Zgh Zi _Z kdjh hdj]V^iZ Wdc Vee i^i# ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci H^ eVg ]VhVgY XZ bjh Z YZ a¼>bb^\gVi^dc Zi hnb ig^fjZbZci YZ a¼ b^\gV" i^dc eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi aV b bZ hdj[[gVcXZ! X¼Zhi aZ b bZ Y X]^gZbZci! X¼Zhi aZ b bZ cdbWgZ YZ eaZjgh Zi _Z Y^gV^h fjZ X¼Zhi jcZ kVaa Z YZ aVgbZh# Kdjh iZh Zc igV^c YZ ig^ijgZg jc egdWa bZ fj^ idjgcZ Vjidjg YZ aV YdjaZjg# H WYj_ed Z[ @WYgk[i JekXed 0 ¼ vV X¼Zhi ZmVXiZbZci XZ fj¼^a cZ [Vji eVh [V^gZ ½ Kdjh eZgbZiiZo! X¼Zhi bd^ fj^ V^ aV eVgdaZ# ?Z cZ hj^h eVh b^c^higZ# H^ XZ bjh Z iV^i [V^i VkZX aZh ^bb^\g h Zjm"b bZh 4 ?VXfjZh IdjWdc 8¼Zhi aV XdcXZei^dc ]daaVcYV^hZ / _Z [V^h jcZ `ZgbZhhZ YVch aVfjZaaZ _Z YdccZ jcZ Wd iZ | X]VXjc# vV X¼Zhi aV XdcXZei^dc ]daaVcYV^hZ 0 Zi kdjh VkZo kj XZ fjZ V V Ydcc 4

',/

IVWaZ gdcYZ ( AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ

AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ

A

Zh Vhe^gVi^dch Zi aZh YZbVcYZh YZ aV edejaVi^dc ^ci gZhhZci YZ eajh Zc eajh aZh fj^eZh YZ bjh Zh# 8dbbZci jc bjh Z eVgi^X^eZ"i"^a | [V^gZ X]Vc\Zg

aZ gZ\VgY Y¼jcZ edejaVi^dc hjg hdc egdegZ iZgg^id^gZ 4 FjZaaZ eaVXZ YdccZg Vjm kVaZjgh YVch aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄXd"eda^i^fjZ fjZ Y^heZchZ aZ bjh Z | a¼ \VgY YZ hZh k^h^iZjgh 4

BdY gViZjg / E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi 8dchZgkViZjg Zc X]Z[ Yj eVig^bd^cZ! Y^gZXiZjg YZh bjh Zh YZh IZX]c^fjZh Zi 8jaijgZh Xdbid^hZh

?Z kdjYgV^h! edjg ^cigdYj^gZ XZiiZ eg hZciZ h VcXZ! iZciZg YZ i^gZg jc Äa gdj\Z! cVijgZaaZbZci [gV\^aZ Zi [dgX bZci g YjXiZjg! ZcigZ cdh hjXXZhh^kZh g ÅZm^dch# 6kZX a¼ kdXVi^dc YZh gVeedgih Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ! cdjh VX]Z" kdch XZ egd\gVbbZ Veg h Vkd^g ijY^ aZh gVeedgih Yj bjh Z VkZX aV hX^ZcXZ! ej^h VkZX aZ eda^i^fjZ# Cdjh cdjh hdbbZh YZbVcY h^ aZ bjh Z iV^i Vhhj_Zii^ | aV hX^ZcXZ! fj^ aZ eg X YZgV^i! fj^ a \^i^bZgV^i aZ bjh Z Zi Ydci aZ bjh Z Y eZcYgV^i# :hi"^a aZ edgiZ"kd^m YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! Zhi"^a h^beaZbZci hV [VXZ ejWa^fjZ 4 6j XdcigV^gZ! ^a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ cdh igVkVjm dci eaji i iZci YZ bZiigZ Vj _djg aZ egdegZ Yj bjh Z! a¼ZheVXZ edh^i^[ Yj bjh Z! fj^ cZ h¼ iVWa^i eVh XdcigZ aV hX^ZcXZ! bV^h fj^ idjiZ[d^h Y [ZcY hV he X^ÄX^i ! ik_ ][d[h_i# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ cdjh a¼Vkdch Y Äc^Z XdbbZ iVci aZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa! fj^ V hV egdegZ [dgXZ Zi hV egd" egZ a \^i^b^i # 9¼d aj^ egdk^Zci XZiiZ a \^i^b^i 4 EZji"^a hZ a¼Viig^" WjZg Y¼Vjidg^i 4 H^cdc! fj^ YdccZ Vj bjh Z hdc bVcYVi 4 Kd^X^ aV fjZhi^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ Zi X¼ iV^i cdigZ YZjm^ bZ iVWaZ gdcYZ# :c Y bd" XgVi^Z! Yj bd^ch YVch cdigZ igVY^i^dc [gVc V^hZ! X¼Zhi aZ eda^i^fjZ fj^ kZji Zi ÄcVcXZ b bZ h¼^a n V YZh ZmXZei^dch d aZ eg^k eZji aj^ Vjhh^ kdjad^g Zi [V^gZ # >a Zc XdcÄZ aV XdcXZei^dc Zi aV XdcYj^iZ Vj egd[Zh" h^dccZa! | a¼ZmeZgi 0 XZ fj^ Y^hi^c\jZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z YZ aV iZX]cdXgVi^Z# Edjg VjiVci! aZ bjh Z! ÄcVcX eVg aZ eda^i^fjZ! aj^ Zhi"^a Vhhj_Zii^ 4 6j '-)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

XdcigV^gZ! cdh igVkVjm dci cVijgZaaZbZci Zi kZgijZjhZbZci V[Ägb a¼Vjidcdb^Z Yj igVkV^a Yj bjh Z! fj^ V hZh g \aZh! hdc Xdgejh YZ egVi^" fjZh egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh! Y¼ZmeZgi^hZh! Y¼Zm^\ZcXZh cdc hZjaZbZci iZX]c^" fjZh bV^h Y dcidad\^fjZh! XjaijgZaaZh# 8¼Zhi aV gZhedchVW^a^i · a^b^" i Z · YZ a¼]dbbZ YZ a¼Vgi · YVch jc gVeedgi YZ XdcÄVcXZ VkZX a¼ aj · Zi aV ÄZgi Zi a¼]dccZjg YZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z YZ gZXdccV igZ Zi YZ Y a^b^iZg XZiiZ gZhedchVW^a^i ! Zi XZaaZ YZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZ aV b g^iZg# BV^h XZiiZ Vjidcdb^Z egdegZ Yj bjh Z! fj^ Zhi YdcX Y [ZcYjZ [VXZ | a¼ZmeZgi Yj XdciZcj · aZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ ·! fj^ Zhi Y [ZcYjZ Vjhh^ eVg gVeedgi Vjm VgX]^iZXiZh XZ hZgV^i jc VjigZ Y WVi ! XZiiZ he X^ÄX^i fj^ Zhi Y [ZcYjZ dj c \dX^ Z VkZX aZ eda^i^fjZ! XdbbZci aZ bjh Z! Zi he X^VaZbZci aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ! kV"i"^a a¼Vg\jbZciZg [VXZ Vjm ]VW^" iVcih 4 8dbbZci Y [ZcYgV"i"^a hdc gZ\VgY Xg^i^fjZ! eVg[d^h Y hZcX]Vc" iZjg dj Y XZei^[ fjVcY ^a igVkV^aaZgV! eVg ZmZbeaZ! | Y Xdchigj^gZ aZh gZeg hZciVi^dch ^Y dad\^fjZh dj | gZaVi^k^hZg aZh kVaZjgh adXVaZh! k XjZh XdbbZ VjiVci Y¼VWhdajh 4 AV fjZhi^dc Zhi eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci Wg aVciZ! edjg YZh bjh Zh fj^ VhhjbZci aV [dgb^YVWaZ VbW^i^dc [dcYVig^XZ YZ aV ® cdjkZaaZ bjh dad\^Z ¯! fj^ gZ[jhZci Y¼ igZ jc dW_Zi Vjm bV^ch YZh ZmeZgih! bV^h kZjaZci igZ jc dji^a Vj hZgk^XZ YZh XdbbjcVji h fj¼^ah hZgkZci! bV^h kZjaZci gZcYgZ | aV XdbbjcVji hV eaVXZ YZ hj_Zi YZ a¼]^hid^gZ# GZidjgcZbZci gVY^XVa YZ eZgheZXi^kZ h^ a¼dc hZ hdjk^Zci fjZ igVY^i^dccZaaZbZci! Vj XdcigV^gZ! aZ bjh Z h¼ iV^i kdjaj eVg ZmXZaaZcXZ aZ a^Zj YZ a¼V[[gVcX]^hhZbZci YZh Y eZcYVcXZh Vjm edejaVi^dch adXV" aZh! aZ a^Zj d aZ hVkVci Yj ]Vji YZ hV X]V^gZ Y Äc^hhV^i Zi Y XdjeV^i hdjkZgV^cZbZci hdc dW_Zi! Y^hi^c\jVci XZ fj^ edjkV^i Y^heVgV igZ YZ XZ fj^ YZkV^i igZ hVjk YVch XZiiZ YZbZjgZ Y¼ iZgc^i Ydci ^a VkV^i ® hZja aV Xa ¯ Zi aZh bVc^ gZh a \^i^bZh Y¼Zc _dj^g# 9VkVciV\Z ZcXdgZ! fjVcY XZ bjh Z hZ eg dXXjeV^i YZ eVig^bd^cZ Yj fjdi^Y^Zc! ^a edj" kV^i Vkd^g | h¼^hdaZg Y¼jcZ bVc^ gZ Y¼VjiVci eajh igV\^fjZ fj¼^a VkV^i | ajiiZg XdcigZ aZh edejaVi^dch adXVaZh! fj^! fjVci | ZaaZh! VWVcYdccV^Zci XZ eVig^bd^cZ# 8¼Zhi Vj bdbZci d XZ eVig^bd^cZ iV^i Y aV^hh ! aZh XgdnVcXZh djWa^ Zh! aZh a^Zjm YZ XjaiZ ^c]VW^i h! aZh dji^ah dWhda iZh _Zi h Vjm dgYjgZh! fjZ eg X^h bZci aZ bjh Z hZ gZbea^hhV^i Zi Xdchi^" ijV^i hdc ig hdg# JcZ Y^hiVcXZ [dcYVig^XZ ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aZh ]VW^" iVcih edjkV^i YdcX VeeVgV igZ! gZedhVci hjg jcZ hdgiZ YZ Y cdcX^Vi^dc Y¼^cXjaijgZ! Y¼djWa^ dj YZ kVcYVa^hbZ YZ hd^! Y¼^cÄY a^i | hd^"b bZ# 7VaVcY^Zg gVXdciZ YVch 7\h_gk[ WcX_]k XdbbZci ^a Zhi Vaa X]ZgX]Zg aZh VcX^Zch dW_Zih hVXg h YVch aZh Y e ih Y¼dgYjgZ d ^ah iV^Zci _Zi h# 9Vch XZiiZ eZgheZXi^kZ! fj¼^bedgiZ! Vj [dcY! a¼VY] h^dc YZh edej" aVi^dch 4 Dc XdbegZcY fjZ aV fjZhi^dc Yj gVeedgi Vj iZgg^id^gZ Zi | hZh ]VW^iVcih h¼n g hjbZ Vadgh | aV hZjaZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc Yj X]ZgX]Zjg | &,)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

hdc dW_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ eVg Y Äc^i^dc XdccV^hhVWaZ! eVhh^WaZ YZh b i]d" YZh Y¼^cYZmVi^dc! Y¼VcVanhZ! Y¼^ckZciV^gZ! eVhh^WaZ YZh k^ig^cZh! Zi Ydci dc eZji eg iZcYgZ Vkd^g gZcYj XdbeiZ fjVcY dc V Y Xg^i aZh [dgbZh YZh ediZg^Zh! aZh [dgbZh YZh bV^hdch! aZh [dgbZh YZh XgdnVcXZh! aZh [dg" bZh YZh Vaa^VcXZh! ZiX# 8¼Zhi Vjhh^ jc gVeedgi igV\^fjZ Vj iZgg^id^gZ ej^hfjZ aZ bjh Z h¼n ^ci gZhhZ fjVcY XZ iZgg^id^gZ YZk^Zci VjigZ! fjVcY ^a idjgcZ aZ Ydh | hdc ® ^YZci^i ¯! Zi fjZ! [ViVaZbZci! YZ XZ [V^i! aZ bjh Z h¼^ciZgY^i YZ hV^" h^g aZ bdjkZbZci# ;ViVaZbZci! ^a c¼Zbed^\cZ fjZ YZh X]dhZh Y [jc" iZh! fj^ hdci a|! Vj bjh Z eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZh YZkgV^Zci igZ bdgiZh · bZgX^ BVagVjm # 8Z ineZ YZ bjh Z ZcigZi^Zci"^a VkZX XZ iZgg^id^gZ aZ bd^c" YgZ gVeedgi h^cdc ® Zi]cdhiVa\^fjZ ¯! g igdheZXi^[ Zi [VciVhb 4 >a g kZ jc bdcYZ ^hda ! | a¼VWg^ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ · jcZ ]^hid^gZ fj^ Zhi [dgX bZci YZhigjXig^XZ · Zi | a¼VWg^ Y¼jcZ Vai g^i fj^ Zhi [dgX bZci Xdggjeig^XZ ej^hfj¼ZaaZ ad^\cZ a¼^YZci^i YZ aV g e i^i^dc ÄY aZ Y¼ZaaZ"b bZ d ZaaZ hZgV^i adk Z | a¼VWg^ Yj iZbeh Zi | a¼VWg^ YZ a¼VjigZ# 8Z edjg fjd^! dj^! XZ Wdc k^Zjm bjh Z Zhi [V^i hjg bZhjgZ / XZ ineZ YZ eVig^bd^cZ Zi YZ gVeedgi Vjm ]VW^iVcih aj^ kV XdbbZ jc \Vci# 8Z bjh Z cZ XdccV i fjZ YZh k^h^iZjgh! idjh VWhigV^ih! fj¼^ah hd^Zci Y¼^X^ dj fj¼^ah hd^Zci Y¼V^aaZjgh# Ej^h hjgk^Zci a¼ Xdbjh Z VkZX hZh cdjkZaaZh Zm^\ZcXZh / a¼ZmeZgi b^h Vj hZgk^XZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ Zi YZ hZh ]VW^iVcih! aZ bjh Z dji^a YZ Y kZ" adeeZbZci# Idji X]Vc\Z# A¼ZmeZgi cZ eZji eajh hjgeadbWZg hdjkZ" gV^cZbZci aZ iZgg^id^gZ YZ hV kd^m e\\ fjVh^ | aV eaVXZ YZ 9^Zj# 8¼Zhi aZ iZgg^id^gZ fj^ h¼VgbZ Y¼jc bjh Z# GZckZghZbZci Ydci dc XdccV i aV ej^hhVcXZ# AZ bjh Z h eVg edjkV^i h¼VgX"WdjiZg hjg hV edh^i^dc h^ Xdc[dgiVWaZ · Zi ]Zjg^hi^fjZ · YZ Y iVX]ZbZci edjg hZ Y Äc^g XdbbZ hj_Zi a \^i^bZ! VjiZjg Y¼jcZ ]^hid^gZ! YZ XdaaZXi^dch! Y¼Zmedh^i^dch! YZ g X^ih# Idji VjigZ Zhi aZ g kZ YZ [jh^dc! ® Y¼jc^dc bnhi^fjZ ¯ YZ a¼ Xd" bjh Z VkZX hdc iZgg^id^gZ# Eajh YZ Y iVX]ZbZci! eajh YZ h eVgVi^dc# 6j XdcigV^gZ! cZ [V^gZ fj¼jc / aZ bjh Z Zhi cdc hZjaZbZci XdbbZ jc ed^hhdc YVch a¼ZVj YVch hdc iZgg^id^gZ bV^h! _Z X^iZ 7ViV^aaZ! h¼n kdj" YgV^i ® Yecc[ Z[ bÊ[Wk ZWdi bÊ[Wk ¯# HZadc aV [dgb^YVWaZ [dgbjaZ Y¼=# YZ KVg^cZ! ® bW YecckdWkj jekj [dj_ h[ Yedij_jk[ kd cki [ l_lWdj ¯# AZ eVnh! X¼Zhi YZkZcj aZ bjh Z / X]d Wdg\ h^Zc YZ aV XVgiZ fj^ Zhi ^YZci^fjZ Vj iZgg^id^gZ! fj^ Zhi aV b bZ X]dhZ fjZ aZ iZgg^id^gZ# :i X¼Zhi YdcX YZ XZ iZgg^id^gZ fj¼^a Y i^Zci idjiZ hV a \^i^b^i # 8Z bjh Z"a| Zhi"^a bV^ciZcVci dji^aa edjg [V^gZ [VXZ | jc iZgg^" id^gZ fj^ · dc a¼V kj YVch aV egZb^ gZ h VcXZ YZ igVkV^a · h¼Zhi Xdch^" Y gVWaZbZci ad^\c YZ XZ [VciVhbZ ^chjaV^gZ fjZ _Z Y Xg^kV^h idji | a¼]ZjgZ 4 Cdjh Vkdch ZciZcYj aV YZhXg^ei^dc Yj iZgg^id^gZ YZ aV '-+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

dcY^Va^hVi^dc! igVkZgh eVg YZh Åjm ^cXZhhVcih! Zc eZgbVcZcXZ gZbV" b c^ YVch hZh Xdcidjgh! YVch hZh ^bV\Zh! YVch hdc hjWhigVi heVi^Va eVg aZh Åjm! eVg a¼^bbVi g^Za! eVg aZ bdjkZbZci# Cdjh Vkdch i _jhfj¼| edh" ijaZg jc ]VW^iVci bdcY^Va Yj eVig^bd^cZ! jc egdeg^ iV^gZ bdcY^Va! jc^kZghZa! Y¼jc eVig^bd^cZ YZkZcj jc^kZghZa YVch jc bdcYZ hVch [gdci^ gZh! hVch Zmi g^Zjg# Kd^X^ YdcX aZh fjZhi^dch Yj eg hZci ViZa^Zg! h^ a¼dc VXXZeiZ YZ hj^kgZ XZ Äa# Cdjh Vkdch Y [ZcYj WZX Zi dc\aZh cdigZ ^cY eZcYVcXZ eVg gVe" edgi | aV hX^ZcXZ! cdjh ZhhVndch YZ aV Y [ZcYgZ }egZbZci eVg gVeedgi Vj eda^i^fjZ! iVci W^Zc fjZ bVa# ;Vji"^a n gZcdcXZg eVg gVeedgi Vj iZg" g^id^gZ Zi hZh ]VW^iVcih eVgXZ fjZ h¼n igdjkZgV^i aV hZjaZ a \^i^b^i fj^ kV^aaZ! [dcYZ hV eVgdaZ! aj^ Xdc[ gZ ed^Yh Zi [dgXZ 4 8ZiiZ ^chigjbZc" iVa^hVi^dc Zhi"ZaaZ VXXZeiVWaZ 4 8dbbZci h¼ iVWa^hhZci XZh gZaVi^dch ZcigZ aZh ]VW^iVcih Y iZciZjgh Y¼jcZ [dgb^YVWaZ a \^i^b^i VjmfjZah aZ bjh Z [ZgV^i Vaa \ZVcXZ 4 8dbbZci! edjgfjd^! | fjZaaZh XdcY^i^dch 4 ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a n V a| YZh VmZh YZ igVkV^a hjg aZhfjZah bV^ciZcVci _Z kV^h X YZg aV eVgdaZ | cdh ^ck^i h# Cdjh Vaadch XdbbZcXZg eVg XdjiZg 6^hhViV =V^YVgV! fj^ k^Zci Yj C^\Zg Zi fj^ edgiZ jc egd_Zi Y¼ Xdbj" h Z YVch aZh WdjXaZh Yj C^\Zg# Ej^h cdjh XdjiZgdch KVaiZg <^ja^Vcd fj^ kdfjZgV aZh bjh Zh YZ Ijg^c Zi Yj E^ bdci Zi hZgV Vhh^hi YZ hdc ^ciZgeg iZ 0 Zi ZcÄc BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm! fj^ Zhi X]ZgX]Zjg Zc hX^ZcXZh YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Zi eg hZciZgV aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV b Y^V" i^dc# 6eg h aZh ed^cih YZ kjZ Yj X]ZgX]Zjg Zi YZh egVi^X^Zch! XdbbZ X¼Zhi aV g \aZ YVch XZ XdaadfjZ! aZ bdi YZ aV Äc! aV ]VjiZjg YZ kjZ! aZ gZXja Zi aV XVeVX^i | dW_ZXi^kZg aZh Y^hXdjgh YZ idjh aZh VjigZh · eaVXZ Zck^ Z · gZk^ZcYgV | EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c! b^cZci aj eVgb^ aZh ajh!

VY_d^ci Vj bV^gZ YZ Andc#

IZgg^id^gZ Zi eZgXZei^dc hnbWda^fjZ / a¼Zme g^ZcXZ Y¼6ndgdj C^\Zg 6^hhViV =V^YVgV 8]Vg\ Z YZ egd_Zi edjg aV g Va^hVi^dc Y¼jc Xdbjh Z | 6ndgdj

7dchd^g | a¼Vhh^hiVcXZ! Wdchd^g! BZhYVbZh Zi BZhh^Zjgh# ?Z eVgaZgV^ eaji i Y¼jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ eVh idiVaZbZci VXXdbea^Z eVgXZ fjZ _Z hje" edgiZ jc egd_Zi cdc g Va^h fj^ Zhi edjg aZ bdbZci | a¼ iVi Y¼^Y Zh! Y¼VbW^i^dch# ?Z k^Zch Yj C^\Zg! jc eVnh hV] a^Zc h^ij Vj hjY Yj HV]VgV Zc 6[g^" fjZ YZ a¼DjZhi fj^ XdjkgZ jcZ hjeZgÄX^Z YZ & '-, %%% b igZh XVgg h Ydci aZh YZjm i^Zgh hdci Y hZgi^fjZh# 8Z eVnh V hjg hV WVcYZ djZhi jcZ &,+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

kVaa Z fj¼dc VeeZaaZ aV kVaa Z Yj C^\Zg Zi bdc iZgg^id^gZ Zhi h^ij hjg XZiiZ WVcYZ! jc iZgg^id^gZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ aZ iZgg^id^gZ hdc\]V # AZh Hdc" \]V hdci dg^\^cZaaZbZci kZcjh Yj BVa^ Veg h YdcX aV \jZggZ XdbbZ idji Wdc bdjkZbZci YZh edejaVi^dch# 9dcX Veg h aZh Vcc Zh &).&! fjVcY a¼Zbe^gZ Yj BVa^ h¼Zhi Y^hadfj ! ^a n V YZh eZjeaZh fj^ dci b^" \g kZgh aZ C^\Zg Zi dci Xg YZh eg X^e^i h hdc\]V hjg aV WVcYZ Yj ÅZjkZ YVch aZh k^aaV\Zh Y¼6ndgdj! YZ I gV Zi YZ LVcoZgW # >a n V fjZa" fjZh bd^h! fjVcY _Z hj^h kZcjZ Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! _¼V^ gZcXdc" ig jcZ b^cZciZ eZghdccVa^i Zc aV bVi^ gZ! aZ XdchZgkViZjg fjZ _Z gZbZgX^Z WZVjXdje YZ b¼Vkd^g eZgb^h Y¼ igZ eVgb^ kdjh Vj_djgY¼]j^!

Bdch^Zjg ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh# AZ bjh Z edgiV^i aZ cdb Y¼ Xdbjh Z Y¼V^aaZjgh# BV^h aV g Va^i ! fjVcY _Z hj^h gZidjgc Z! 6ndgdj cZ kV eajh VWg^iZg XZ bjh Z edjg YZh gV^hdch Y¼dgYgZ hdX^dad\^fjZ Zi edjg YZh fjZhi^dch ]^hidg^fjZh# AZ k^aaV\Z Y¼6ndgdj V i X]d^h^ eVgXZ fj¼^a Zhi jc k^aaV\Z idjg^hi^fjZ h^ij hjg aZ ÅZjkZ# EVg XdcigZ! aZh gZaVi^dch dj aZh g Va^i h hdX^dad\^fjZh dj ]^hidg^fjZh fjZ _Z kV^h XdchZgkZg hdci YZh egVi^fjZh Vc^b^hiZh YVch jc k^aaV\Z X a WgZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ LVcoZgW ! fj^ Zhi jc k^aaV\Z YVch aZfjZa aZ X]ZgX]Zjg ?ZVc GdjX] eVhhV^i jcZ eVgi^Z YZ hdc bdbZci Vj C^\Zg# Fj^ hdci XZh Vc^b^hiZh"a| 4 8Z hdci Z[[ZXi^kZbZci aZh edejaVi^dch hdc\]V # 9Vch a¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc hdX^VaZ Zi eda^i^fjZ YZ aV g \^dc hdc\]V ! aZh Hdc\]V Xdchi^ijZci a¼Zi]c^Z bV_dg^iV^gZ YZ aV WVcYZ Yj ÅZjkZ Yj C^\Zg# 8ZiiZ hdX^ i Zhi XVgVXi g^h Z eVg a¼Zm^hiZcXZ Y¼jcZ higVi^Ä" XVi^dc YZ XaVhhZh hdX^VaZh Ydci dc Y^hi^c\jZ aZh X]Z[h Zi aZh eg^cXZh! | a¼^bV\Z YZ aV k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ fj^ VkV^i aZ 9Vje]^c dj aZ 9Vj" e]^c # :chj^iZ k^ZccZci aZh ]dbbZh a^WgZh# :c YZhhdjh Yj X]Z[! ^a n V idj_djgh fjZafj¼jc Zc YZhhdjh Yj X]Z[! ^ah cZ eVgi^X^eZci eVh | aV \Zhi^dc YZ aV X]dhZ eda^i^fjZ bV^h ^ah hdci fjVcY b bZ a^WgZh# :i Zc YZhhdjh Y¼Zjm! Y¼VjigZh \gdjeZh fj^ cZ hdci eVh a^WgZh YVch a¼]^h" id^gZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ bV^h fj^ iV^Zci YZh XVei^[h Zi aZjgh YZhXZcYVcih fj^ hdci YZh XVhiZh fj^ hdci gZkZgh Zh YVch aZh b i^Zgh iZa fjZ aZ b i^Zg YZ hXjaeiZjg! iZa fjZ aZ b i^Zg YZ \g^di! iZa fjZ aZ b i^Zg YZ [dg\Zgdc# :i eZcYVci adc\iZbeh! XZiiZ Y^k^h^dc VYb^c^higVi^kZ V i XdchZgk Z eVg aZh eZjeaZh hdc\]V # 8Zh \Zch hZ XVgVXi g^hZci \VaZbZci hjg XZ iZgg^id^gZ · W^Zc fj¼^ah cZ hd^Zci eVh YZh X]Z[h · eVg jc \gVcY edjkd^g fj^ Zhi aZ edjkd^g bV\^fjZ# 9dcX ^ah Y i^ZccZci Yj edjkd^g# 8Z edjkd^g igdjkZ hV bVc^" [ZhiVi^dc YVch YZh g^iZh fj¼^ah egVi^fjZci# BV^h dc igdjkZ Vj c^kZVj Yj iZgg^id^gZ WZVjXdje YZ ediZci^Va^i h Zc bVi^ gZ XjaijgZaaZ fj^ h¼V_dj" iZci | XZiiZ g Va^i hdX^dad\^fjZ# Cdjh Vkdch YZh ]Vjih a^Zjm YZ XjaiZ Ydci aZ k^aaV\Z YZ LVcoZgW Zc Zhi jc! aZ eajh X a WgZ Y¼V^aaZjgh# 9dcX '--

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

aZ X]ZgX]Zjg ?ZVc GdjX] V igVkV^aa | X i YZ XZh edejaVi^dch edjg ZhhVnZg YZ XdbegZcYgZ XdbbZci hZ eVhhZ XZiiZ bVc^[ZhiVi^dc YZ a¼Vc^" b^hbZ# >a V g Va^h WZVjXdje YZ Äabh YVch aV g \^dc# AZ eajh X a WgZ Zhi B[i cW]_Y_[di Z[ MWdp[hX # >a V Xg^i YZh iZmiZh fj^ Vj_djgY¼]j^ hdci a|# BV^h eVg XdcigZ aV \gVcYZ Y XZei^dc YZ aV g \^dc! X¼Zhi fjZ YZej^h aZ Y eVgi YZ XZ ;gVcXd"C^\ g^Zc eVgXZ fjZ fjVcY kdjh ^gZo | LVc" oZgW dc cZ kdjh Y^gV eVh GdjX] bV^h aZh edejaVi^dch Y^gdci fjZ X¼Zhi jc Hdg`d 4 "VcVhhVgV 4 "O^bV# >a V jc VjigZ cdb fj^ Zhi Y^[[ gZci YZ GdjX]# Edjg kdjh Y^gZ fjZ XjaijgZaaZbZci! a¼]dbbZ VeeVgi^Zci | aV [d^h | aV ;gVcXZ bV^h Vjhh^ Vjm edejaVi^dch | X i YZhfjZaaZh ^a V igVkV^aa ! aZ k^YZ Zhi fjZ! YZej^h hdc Y eVgi! VkVci b bZ hV bdgi! aZh YZgc^Zgh Äabh dci i idjgc h YVch aZh Vcc Zh &.)*"&.)+ Zi YZej^h ^a c¼n V eajh g^Zc YVch aV g \^dc# BV^h aV egdWa bVi^fjZ X¼Zhi fj¼^a n V jcZ ^haVb^hVi^dc \gVcY^hhVciZ fj^ idj[[Z XZh edejaVi^dch Zi fj^ Zm^\Z a¼VWVcYdc YZ idji edjg igZ bjhjabVc# BV^h bVa]ZjgZjhZbZci idji aZ bdcYZ cZ eZji eVh igZ bjhjabVc Zi GdjX]! VkVci hV bdgi! V Xg^i fj¼^a n V eajh^Zjgh hdgiZh YZ bjhjabVch / ^a n V aZh ^cÄY aZh! ^a n V aZh hZb^"bjhjabVch Zi ^a n V aZh ÄY aZh# 9dcX aV XaVhhZ Vc^b^hiZ fjZ cdjh gZeg hZcidch [V^i eVgi^Z YZh ^cÄY aZh eVgXZ fj¼dc eZji eg^Zg Zi dc Vgg iZ Veg h aV eg^ gZ! dc \dg\Z jc bdjidc Zc hVXg^ÄXZ Vjm Y^Zjm# Kd^a| jcZ XdZm^hiZcXZ ZcigZ YZjm gZa^\^dch fj^ [V^i Z[[ZXi^kZbZci fjZ cdjh hdbbZh ]dgh YZ cdjh"b bZh# :i bd^ _¼V^ eZch Zc b¼Veegd" X]Vci Yj hZgk^XZ XjaijgZa YZ a¼VbWVhhVYZ YZ ;gVcXZ fj^ Zc '%%) V ^c^" i^ jc egd_Zi YZ gZXdchi^iji^dc YZh Äabh YZ GdjX]! cdjh hdbbZh Vgg^" k h | g Va^hZg VkZX a¼VbWVhhVYZ igd^h Äabh fj^ dci i idjgc h YVch aZh Vcc Zh &.)% eVg GdjX] hjg aZh YVchZh YZ edhhZhh^dc eVg ZmZbeaZ! aZ YZjm^ bZ Äab BW Y^Wii[ Wk b_ed } bÊWhY Zi aZ igd^h^ bZ Äab BW 8WjW_bb[ ikh b[ ]hWdZ Ô[kl[$ 8Zh Äabh hdci bV^ciZcVci Vj bjh Z YZ a¼=dbbZ! cdjh Vkdch [djgc^ YZh Xde^Zh# BV^h [Vji"^a h¼Vgg iZg a| h^ a¼]dbbZ WaVcX V Zj aZ XdjgV\Z YZ igVkV^aaZg idjiZ hV k^Z VkZX jcZ XVb gV! bd^ _Z c¼V^ eVh a¼Vg\Zci Zi _Z c¼V^ eVh aV iZX]c^X^i YZ Xdci^cjZg VkZX jcZ XVb gV# 9¼d aV c XZhh^i YZ Xg Zg jc XVYgZ YZ gZ\gdjeZbZci Zi YZ gVhhZbWaZ" bZci YZ XZ eVig^bd^cZ eZcYVci h^ adc\iZbeh kVadg^h eVg jc ]dbbZ# 9¼d a¼dW_Zi YZ Xg Vi^dc YZ XZ fjZ kdjh VeeZaZo Xdbjh Z! bV^h fjZ cdjh cdjh VeeZaaZgdch aV bV^hdc YZ aV KVaa Z Yj ÅZjkZ C^\Zg# AV gZaVi^dc YZ XZ egd_Zi VkZX aZ iZgg^id^gZ! X¼Zhi fj¼Z[[ZXi^kZbZci aZh a bZcih fj^ hZgdci b^h Zc kVaZjg YVch aZ eVig^bd^cZ YZ aV kVaa Z hZgdci YZh a bZcih Yj iZggd^g! hZgdci aZh b¶jgh! aV XdjijbZ! aV gZa^" \^dc! a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh egVi^fjZh fj^ cZ hdci eVh [dgX bZci YZh dW_Zih bV^h YZh egVi^fjZh fj^ eZjkZci igZ ^bbVi g^ZaaZh! XdbbZ aZh g X^ih# EVg ZmZbeaZ! aZ \gdjeZ YZ X]VhhZjgh V g Va^h hV YZgc^ gZ X]VhhZ Zc &,-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

&.)+ VkZX GdjX]# 9Zej^h ^ah c¼dci eajh X]Vhh ej^hfj¼^a c¼n V eajh YZ WgdjhhZ# BV^h YVch cdigZ Äab! cdjh hdbbZh Vgg^k h | bdcigZg aZh a " bZcih Zi aZ eVig^bd^cZ fj¼^ah dci Zc hidX`V\Z fj^ hdci YVch aZh XVhZh Zi fj^ cZ [dci g^Zc# >ah dci \VaZbZci YZh g X^ih eVgXZ fjZ edjg VaaZg X]VhhZg! XZ cZ hdci eVh YZh VgbZh bV^h XZ hdci YZh a bZcih Yj iZggd^g fj^ hdci aZh Å X]Zh Zi XZh Å X]Zh"a| fj^iiZci VkZX jcZ bV\^Z jc kZc^c!

Zi aZ kZc^c! aV eg eVgVi^dc Yj kZc^c YZbVcYZci YZh g X^ih! YZbVcYZci YZh edjYgZh Zi ^ah Y^hedhZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ YZ aV Xdbedh^i^dc YZ a¼Zc" hZbWaZ YZh g X^ih! ^ah Y^hedhZci Yj kZc^c! Yj egdYj^i edjg [V^gZ aV Xdb" edh^i^dc! bV^h ej^hfj¼^a c¼n V eajh YZ WgdjhhZ! ^ah hdci Zc[Zgb h hjg Zjm"b bZh# >a n V aV c XZhh^i edjg fjZ Y¼^X^ k^c\i Vch! Y¼^X^ igZciZ Vch! fjVcY aZh YZgc^Zgh hjgk^kVcih fj^ hZ gVeeZaaZci ZcXdgZ YZ b_bb_b_# Xeje 4 · aV [VWg^XVi^dc Yj kZc^c fj^ V i Äab Z eVg GdjX] YVch B[i cW]_Y_[di Z[ MWdp[hX · Vjgdci Y^heVgj! XZh g X^ih hd^Zci h Xjg^h h Zi XdchZgk h# Edjg gZkZc^g Vj bjh Z! cdigZ bjh Z hZ kZji jc XZcigZ YZ eVig^" bd^cZ YZh XjaijgZh YZ aV g \^dc hdc\]V ! Zi cdigZ bjh Z hZ kZji Vjhh^ jc bjh Z XdbbjcVjiV^gZ eVgXZ fj¼^a kV igZ YVch jcZ _ZjcZ XdbbjcZ fj^ Zhi jcZ XdbbjcZ gjgVaZ! eZgYjZ YVch aZh Xdaa^cZh YZ aV kVaa Z# EVg bV kd^m! _Z YZbVcYZ fjZ YZ eVg hV [dcXi^dc Zi hdc ed^Yh! aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h hd^i Vj_djgY¼]j^ cdigZ ^ciZgeg iZ Vjeg h YZh Vjidg^i h YZ <gZcdWaZ! edjg c \dX^Zg jcZ Xdde gVi^dc Y XZcigVa^h Z VkZX aV k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ Zi cdigZ _ZjcZ XdbbjcZ! VÄc fjZ aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h hd^i aZ k g^iVWaZ VXiZjg edjg Y XaZcX]Zg Z[[ZXi^kZbZci jc egdXZhhjh YZ b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZ bdc egd_Zi# 8Z hZgV^i aZjg eVgi YZ Xdcig^Wji^dc# Edjg gZkZc^g | a¼VheZXi Yj iZgg^id^gZ! cdjh kdndch W^Zc fjZ cdjh Vkdch fj^ii a¼VheZXi igVY^i^dccZa YZh bjh Zh fj^ kZji fjZ X¼Zhi aZ eda^i^fjZ fj^ Xdc d^i! X¼Zhi aZ eda^i^fjZ fj^ Xdchigj^i! X¼Zhi aZ eda^i^" fjZ fj^ Xg^i! X¼Zhi aZ eda^i^fjZ fj^ Y^XiZ dj X¼Zhi aV XdaaZXi^k^i # A| X¼Zhi jcZ g Va^i hdX^dad\^fjZ fj^ h¼Zhi edh Z YZkVci YZh edejaVi^dch fj^ V^bZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ gZkd^g Zi gZXdccV igZ aZ hnbWdaZ# EVgXZ fj¼Vj"YZa| YZh dW_Zih Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ | XdchZgkZg! aZ bjh Z hZgV \VaZbZci jcZ kd^m edjg gZcYgZ ]dbbV\Z | jc ]dbbZ fj^ V fj^ii aV ;gVcXZ Zi fj^ V kdjaj k^kgZ jcZ k^Z ig h ad^c YVch jcZ WgdjhhZ eZgYjZ YZ aV kVaa Z Yj Hdc\]V # 9dcX YVch aZ bjh Z! XZjm fj^ Vjgdci aV X]VcXZ YZ k^h^iZg aZ bjh Z fjVcY ^a Zm^hiZgV igdjkZgdci jcZ XVhZ GdjX] d cdjh Vaadch XdchZgkZg a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ hZh ¶jkgZh! hZh e]didh! hZh Vb^h VkZX aZhfjZah ^a Zhi ^ciZgkZcj YVch hZh Y^[[ gZcih egd_Zih YVch aV kVaa Z Yj ÅZjkZ# 9dcX cdigZ bjh Z Zhi djkZgi eVgXZ fj¼^a kV cdc hZjaZbZci gZcYgZ aV b bd^gZ Zi a¼]^hid^gZ Y¼jc eZjeaZ | igVkZgh jc iZgg^id^gZ bV^h ^a kV \VaZbZci VeejnZg Zi gZXdccV igZ aV kVaZjg YZ aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZ '-/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Ydci aZ hnbWdaZ V i ?ZVc GdjX]# ?Z cZ kV^h eVh igZ ig h adc\jZ! _Z kV^h aV^hhZg aV eVgdaZ Vjm VjigZh bV^h Zc Y^hVci fjZ cdjh hdj]V^idch fjZ aZh ]dbbZh Y¼Zme g^ZcXZ YZ bjh Z cdjh VXXdbeV\cZci edjg fjZ XZiiZ edejaVi^dc hd^i Zc bZhjgZ YZ hVjkZ\VgYZg idji XZ fj^ eZji igZ hVjkZ\VgY ! edjg fjZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV hdX^dad\^Z YZbZjgZci YVch aZjgh XdciZmiZh# :i _Z YZbVcYZ \VaZbZci Vjm ajh YZ cdjh VXXdbeV\cZg XVg aV Xdde gVi^dc Y XZcigVa^h Z bVgX]Z WZVjXdje YVch cdigZ eVnh YZej^h &.-+! YViZ | aVfjZaaZ cdigZ eVnh V kdi hdc egd\gVbbZ YZ Y XZcigVa^hV" i^dc# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z#

AZ g aZ YZh bjh Zh YVch aZ Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa KVaiZg <^ja^Vcd 6hhZhhZjg | aV XjaijgZ YZ aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c IZmiZ igVYj^i YZ a¼^iVa^Zc eVg 9db^c^

?Z kV^h ZhhVnZg Y¼ZcigZg idji YZ hj^iZ YVch aZ k^[ Yj hj_Zi YZ XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ! fj^ bZ hZbWaZ Y¼jc \gVcY ^ci g i XVg ZaaZ gZ_d^ci a¼Zme " g^ZcXZ bZc Z eVg aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c | eVgi^g YZ &..*# ² XZiiZ ed" fjZ Zc Z[[Zi! aZ eg^cX^eVa X]Vbe Y¼^ciZgkZci^dc YZ aV egdk^cXZ! YVch aZ YdbV^cZ YZh eda^i^fjZh iZgg^idg^VaZh! V i YZ h¼Zc\V\Zg hjg aV kd^Z Y¼jcZ kVadg^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ egZcVci Zc XdbeiZ Zi YdccVci idjiZ hV eaVXZ! Vj hZ^c YZh i] bVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh! | aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ Zi ^bbVi g^ZaaZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ# Hjg XZh hj_Zih! aV Y^[[ gZcXZ VkZX aV ;gVcXZ Zhi ^bedgiVciZ# :c >iVa^Z! a¼^beVXi YZh Zme g^ZcXZh YZ BVgX 7adX] Zi YZh 7ddWb[i" fj^ dci g kdaj" i^dcc aZ XdcXZei b bZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ! Vj"YZa| YZ XZaj^ YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! V i iVgY^[# ?Z bZ g [ gZ hZjaZbZci | a¼Zme g^ZcXZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch ^bedgi Z Zc E^ bdci! Vj Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh &..%! fjVcY aV G \^dc · e^dcc^ gZ Zc aV bVi^ gZ! ej^h ^b^i Z YVch idjiZ aV e c^chjaZ · V egdbja\j jcZ ad^ edjg aV kVadg^hVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ a^ | aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ adXVaZ! Zc g [ gZcXZ | a¼Zme g^ZcXZ YZh Xdbjh Zh [gVc V^h# ?¼V^ eVgi^X^e ! Vj hZ^c Yj 8dchZ^a g \^dcVa! | aV Xg Vi^dc YZ XZiiZ ad^ VkZX a¼VXijZaaZ eg h^" YZciZ YZ aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c! fj^ b¼V X]Vg\ YZ aV bZiigZ Zc egVi^fjZ hjg cdigZ iZgg^id^gZ Zc iVci fj¼VhhZhhZjg egdk^cX^Va# ?¼VkV^h Y XdjkZgi aZh Xdbjh Zh Vj Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh &.-% \g}XZ | bZh [g fjZcih kdnV\Zh Zc ;gVcXZ! Zi XZaV b¼VkV^i [VhX^c # ² a¼ edfjZ! _Z b¼^ci gZhhV^h hjgidji Vjm eda^i^fjZh YZh eVgXh cVijgZah! fj^ Vgg^" kV^Zci | ^ci \gZg aZh VheZXih Vci]gdedad\^fjZh Zi Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZh | aZjgh eda^i^fjZh YZ egdiZXi^dc Zck^gdccZbZciVaZ# A¼ViiZci^dc edgi Z | &-%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

a¼^YZci^i YZh edejaVi^dch iV^i jcZ Ydcc Z fj^ c¼Zm^hiV^i eVh YVch aZh eVgXh cVijgZah ^iVa^Zch! XZ fj^ Xdchi^ijV^i Y¼V^aaZjgh aV gV^hdc eg^cX^" eVaZ Yj XdcÅ^i aZh deedhVci Vjm XdbbjcVji h adXVaZh! fj^ kdjaV^Zci Xdci^cjZg | k^kgZ YVch XZh iZgg^id^gZh egdi \ h | XVjhZ YZ aZjgh ZmXZe" i^dccZaaZh fjVa^i h Zck^gdccZbZciVaZh# A¼Zme g^ZcXZ [gVc V^hZ b¼V hdjYV^c eVgj igZ aV Xa eZgbZiiVci YZ g hdjYgZ XZh egdWa bZh YVch cdigZ eVnh# Ej^h _¼V^ i XdckV^cXj YZ a¼ji^a^i YZ hVjkZ\VgYZg jc eVig^bd^cZ YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh hdjkZci [dg" iZbZci ZcgVX^c Zh Vj c^kZVj adXVa! Zi fj^ cZ edjkV^i igZ c^ Y^heZgh c^ WVaVn eVg jcZ bdYZgc^i fj^! VkZX a¼ gZ ^cYjhig^ZaaZ! hZbWaV^i kdjad^g hZ a^W gZg YZ aV igVY^i^dc eVnhVccZ Ydci cdjh hdbbZh aZh egdYj^ih# 8ZiiZ igVY^i^dc eVnhVccZ Zhi jcZ ^bbZchZ hdjgXZ YZ hVkd^gh Zi Y¼Zme " g^ZcXZh! fj^ hZ g k aZgdci ji^aZh h^ cdjh kdjadch kgV^bZci Zck^hV\Zg jc VkZc^g k^VWaZ Zi jc Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ# 8¼Zhi YZ a| fj¼Zhi c cdigZ igVkV^a! edjg hVjkZg aZh XjaijgZh YZ cdigZ iZgg^id^gZ! aZjg gZYdccZg jcZ Y^\c^i Zi jcZ ÄZgi # Cdjh a¼Vkdch [V^i Zc iZcVci XdbeiZ YZ aV c XZhh^i Y¼VWdgYZg XZh i] bZh YZ [V dc hX^Zci^Ä" fjZ! YZ igVkV^aaZg Vj c^kZVj adXVa VkZX aZh XdbbjcVji h ^ci gZhh Zh Zi YZ aZh ^bea^fjZg! iVci Vj c^kZVj YZh ^cY^k^Yjh fjZ YZh VYb^c^higVi^dch ejWa^fjZh fjZaaZh fj¼ZaaZh hd^Zci# A¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼]dbbZ Zi YZ hdc iZg" g^id^gZ V YdcX i Vj X¶jg Yj egd_Zi ® 8jaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ ¯ YZ aV egd" k^cXZ YZ Ijg^c# 9Zej^h aZ Y Wji! a¼dW_ZXi^[ V Xdch^hi | ^ciZgeg iZg aZ iZgg^id^gZ | igVkZgh aZh h^\cZh bVi g^Zah Zi ^bbVi g^Zah fj^ i bd^\cZci YZ aV eg hZcXZ YZ a¼]dbbZ YVch aZh eVnhV\Zh cVijgZah# AZh igVXZh iVc\^WaZh Zi aZh a bZcih XVgVXi g^hi^fjZh YZh he X^ÄX^" i h adXVaZh! fj¼^ah hd^Zci Y¼dgYgZ cVijgZa dj ]^hidg^fjZ! Xdcdb^fjZ dj a^c\j^hi^fjZ! Xja^cV^gZ dj gZa^\^Zjm! YZhh^cZci jc hnhi bZ YZ gZaVi^dch YVch aZfjZa a¼]dbbZ hZ gZXdccV i! egZcY XdchX^ZcXZ YZ hV egdegZ ^YZc" i^i Zi Xg Z aZh WVhZh Y¼jc Y kZadeeZbZci Y¼VXi^dch edcXijZaaZh! YjgV" WaZh Zi XdbeVi^WaZh# AZ egd_Zi YZh Xdbjh Zh YZ aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c hZ kZji jc eVgXdjgh YZ fjZhi^dch Zi YZ aZXijgZh Yj iZgg^id^gZ Vci]gd" e^h ! YZh h^\cZh bVi g^Zah Zi ^bbVi g^Zah fj^ Zc [dgbZci aZ i^hhj! VkZX aZjgh he X^ÄX^i h! VÄc Y¼Zc gZhi^ijZg idjiZ aV Y^kZgh^i Zi aV XdbeaZm^i # AZ egd_Zi Zhi YZhi^c | [djgc^g YZh ^chigjbZcih YZ b i]dYdad\^Z VÄc Y¼VXX a gZg Zi YZ gZcYgZ eajh Z[ÄXVXZ! Zc YdjXZjg! jc egdXZhhjh Y _| ZcXaZcX] ! YZ bVc^ gZ VjidcdbZ! hdjh a¼^bejah^dc YZ bdi^kV" i^dch Y _| eg hZciZh! Zi fj^ Y g^kZ YZ aV eg^hZ YZ XdchX^ZcXZ fjZ aZ iZg" g^id^gZ edhh YZ jcZ ^YZci^i | igVchbZiigZ# Cdjh c¼Vkdch [V^i fj¼Veea^" fjZg aZ eg^cX^eZ YZ aV bV Zji^fjZ X]Zg | HdXgViZ# 6j X¶jg Yj egd_Zi! ^a n V aZ iZgg^id^gZ! a bZci fj^ Y iZgb^cZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh iZX]cdad\^Zh ^cYjhig^ZaaZh Zi V\g^XdaZh Xdchi^iji^kZh Yj eVnhV\Z! aZh ^c[gVhigjXijgZh '.'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

fj^ gZcYZci aZ igVkV^a edhh^WaZ! aV Y^hig^Wji^dc YZ aV edejaVi^dc! aZh ^chiVaaVi^dch! aZh h^\cZh jgWVc^hi^fjZh Zi VgX]^iZXijgVjm# Idji XZ fj^!

Vj fjdi^Y^Zc! cdjh hZbWaZ k^YZci! WVcVa! bV^h fj^! edjg eZj fj¼dc n edgiZ jcZ k g^iVWaZ ViiZci^dc! hZ eg hZciZ XdbbZ aZh higViZh YZ hVkd^gh VcX^Zch bV^h idj_djgh Zm^hiVcih# 8Zh hVkd^gh hZ hdci igVch[dgb h Zi eVh c XZhhV^gZbZci hdjh YZh [dgbZh gZXdccjZh eVg aV XjaijgZ d[ÄX^ZaaZ# Hjg" idji YVch jcZ hdX^ i fj^ V Xdccj jcZ igVch^i^dc gVe^YZ kZgh a¼^cYjh" ig^Va^hVi^dc! XZ fj^ V egdkdfj jc WgjiVa hVji iZbedgZa YVch hdc kdaj" i^dc ]^hidg^fjZ# AZ eajh hdjkZci! aZjg igVchb^hh^dc h¼Zhi WVh Z hjg YZh [dgbZh igVY^i^dccZaaZh! ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci dgVaZh! YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc YZh hVkd^gh# >a h¼V\^i a| Y¼jc eVig^bd^cZ hjg aZfjZa ^a Zhi jg\Zci Y¼^ciZgkZc^g# :i cdjh Vkdch ZhhVn YZ aZ [V^gZ \g}XZ | YZh ^chigjbZcih Y^kZgh^Ä h! Zc ji^a^hVci idji XZ fjZ aV iZX]cdad\^Z bdYZgcZ bZi | cdigZ Y^hedh^i^dc# ² igVkZgh aZ egd_Zi Zi aV g Va^hVi^dc Yj g hZVj YZh Xdbjh Zh! aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c cZ h¼Zhi eVh XdciZci Z YZ [V^gZ aZ X]d^m Y¼jcZ eda^" i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ edjg aV kVadg^hVi^dc YZ hdc iZgg^id^gZ Zi aV hVi^h[VX" i^dc YZ hdc WZhd^c ^YZci^iV^gZ# :aaZ V \VaZbZci kdjaj Xg Zg jc ^ch" igjbZci YZ Xd] h^dc hdX^VaZ Zi YZ Y kZadeeZbZci YVch jcZ dei^fjZ Zjgde ZccZ YZ YjgVW^a^i ! | eVgi^g Yj XdcXZei YZ iZgg^idg^Va^hVi^dc YZh eda^i^fjZh Zck^gdccZbZciVaZh! cdcX edjg aV egZb^ gZ [d^h | aV Xdc[ gZcXZ bdcY^VaZ hjg a¼Zck^gdccZbZci YZ G^d YZ ?VcZ^gd Zc &..'# Dj Yj XdcXZei YZ W^dg \^dcVa^hbZ! jcZ ]nedi] hZ Y¼VkZc^g YjgVWaZ fjZ a¼dc Yd^i | @^g`eVig^X` HVaZ# Dj ZcXdgZ YZh cdbWgZjhZh Y Äc^" i^dch Yj Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa! hda^YV^gZ! Xd"XdbeVi^WaZ! VjidXZcig !

VjidcdbZ Zi YjgVWaZ! YZej^h aZ Y^hXdjgh YZ IgjbVc YZ _Vck^Zg &.). _jhfj¼Vj gVeedgi 7gjiaVcY! Zc eVhhVci eVg aZh >aa^X]! HVX]h dj <daYh" b^i]! edjg cZ eVh gZbdciZg _jhfj¼| <VcY]^ dj bZci^dccZg HZg\Z AVidjX]Z Zi hV ¼ Z Yhe_iiWdY[ ^[kh[ki[ ½! dj ZcXdgZ aV ¼ ieY_ j b_gk_Z[ ½ YZ On\bjci 7VjbVc# >a hj[ÄgV^i eZji" igZ YZ egZcYgZ XdchX^ZcXZ YZ a¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ YZ a¼Zhe XZ ]jbV^cZ Vjm fj^a^WgZh jc^kZghZah! XZ fj^ aj^ ^bedhZ cdc hZj" aZbZci YZh bZhjgZh jg\ZciZh edjg fjZ aV XdbbjcVji ]jbV^cZ hZ ea^Z Vjm g \aZh cVijgZaaZh! bV^h Vjhh^ jcZ i]^fjZ Yj YZkd^g Zi YZ aV gZhedchVW^a^i ZckZgh hd^"b bZ Zi aZh \ c gVi^dch [jijgZh# JcZ cdjkZaaZ XdchX^ZcXZ Zi YZ cdjkZVjm WZhd^ch hZ Xdc_j\jZci edjg YdccZg cV^hhVcXZ Vjm Xdbjh Zh! fj^ cZ gZeg hZciZci eVh hZj" aZbZci jcZ cdjkZaaZ egdedh^i^dc bjh dad\^fjZ iZgg^idg^VaZ! bV^h W^Zc fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ gVY^XVaZbZci Y^[[ gZci Zi ^ccdkVci YVch aZ gVe" edgi fj¼ZcigZi^ZccZci aV hdX^ i Zi aV XjaijgZ! Zi YVch a¼Veedgi YZ XZiiZ YZgc^ gZ edjg a¼VkZc^g# HVch c \a^\Zg edjg VjiVci a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZh g hjaiVih! hjg aZ iZggV^c! YZ aV fjVa^i XjaijgZaaZ Zi Zck^gdccZbZciVaZ &-'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Zi YZ a¼^cÅjZcXZ hjg aV Xdbe i^i^k^i iZgg^idg^VaZ! eaji i fjZ Y¼ Xdcd" b^Z ^ccdkVciZ Zi YZ cdjkZaaZh deedgijc^i h Y¼dXXjeVi^dch fjVa^Ä Zh! YVch jc gVeedgi ^ciZg\ c gVi^dccZa ZcigZ aV b bd^gZ YZh egdiV\dc^h" iZh YZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aZh _ZjcZh fj^ g^hfjZci Y¼djWa^Zg XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ# 8¼Zhi YVch aZ gZheZXi YZ aV Y Äc^i^dc YZ a¼ Xdbjh Z! fjZ aV egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c V Y kZadee aZ egd_Zi YZ XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ Zc VeedgiVci hdc hdji^Zc Xdcdb^fjZ Zi iZX]c^fjZ Vj aVcXZbZci YZ XZh egd_Zih# AZhfjZah VkV^Zci Zj aZ iZbeh YZ b g^g Vj hZ^c YZ XdbbjcVji h adXVaZh eg^hZh ZcigZ aZ Y h^g YZ g k aZg aZjgh gVX^cZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi ^YZci^iV^gZh! Zi XZaj^ YZ Xdci^cjZg | aZh Y^hh^bjaZg eVg eZjg YZ aV Y g^h^dc fj^ V VXXdbeV" \c eZcYVci adc\iZbeh aZh XjaijgZh Xdch^Y g Zh XdbbZ gZiVgY Zh eVg aZh bdY aZh Ydb^cVcih! jgWV^ch dj ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm! YZ aV \adWVa^hVi^dc# 9Vch aZ hX cVg^d VXijZa! d aZ \adWVa h¼deedhZ Vj adXVa! Zi d a¼dc eVgaZ Y¼jcZ igd^h^ bZ kd^Z! ^a hZbWaZ n Vkd^g jc ZheVXZ YZ gZXdccV^h" hVcXZ Zi YZ gZeg hZciVi^dc edjg XZh Zme g^ZcXZh adXVaZh fj^ cZ h¼Zc[Zg" bZci eVh YVch jc adXVa^hbZ igd^i Zi Vjidhj[ÄhVci! bV^h fj^ hVkZci h¼djkg^g | aV Xdc[gdciVi^dc XdbbZ egdXZhhjh Y¼ kdaji^dc YZ aV Xdb" bjcVji # 8¼Zhi _jhiZbZci aZ g hZVj! Zc h¼^bedhVci XdbbZ jc hnhi bZ! fj^ gZeg hZciZ aZ egZb^Zg h^\cVa [dgi Y¼djkZgijgZ Zi YZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc# Edjg cZ eVh igVch[dgbZg aZh Xdbjh Zh Zc aZh bV^h! Vj XdcigV^gZ! Xdchigj^gZ | a¼Zcidjg jc i^hhj iZgg^idg^Va Zc a^Zc VkZX Y¼VjigZh Zme " g^ZcXZh bdYZgcZh! XdbbZ eVg ZmZbeaZ aZh g hZVjm YZh odcZh egdi " \ Zh! aZh eda^i^fjZh YZ eg hZgkVi^dc Zi YZ kVadg^hVi^dc YZh eVnhV\Zh | a¼^chiVg YZ XZaaZh Y^Xi Zh eVg aV 8dckZci^dc Zjgde ZccZ Zi YZh h^iZh Y¼^ci g i VgX] dad\^fjZh! ]^hidg^fjZh! VgX]^iZXijgVjm Zi Vgi^hi^fjZh# JcZ Vgi^XjaVi^dc Yj hnhi bZ fj^ eZgbZi jcZ VeegdX]Z hnhi b^" fjZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa YZ cdigZ iZgg^id^gZ Zi cdjh V^YZ | Y kZ" adeeZg YZh eda^i^fjZh VY fjViZh Zi Z[ÄXVXZh edjg hV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg Zi hdc ji^a^hVi^dc YVch aZ XVYgZ! eVg ZmZbeaZ! YZ aV Xg Vi^dc Y¼^i^c gV^gZh i] bVi^fjZh# Cdjh cZ edjkdch cdjh iZcYgZ ^X^ Zc Y iV^a hjg aZ egd_Zi# Cdjh kdjh gZckdndch | aV W^Wa^d\gVe]^Z! Zi cdjh cdjh a^b^iZgdch YdcX | jcZ gVe^YZ hnci] hZ! Zc a^hiVci aZh ^ci^ija h ^c^i^Vjm / · 9Zh \gVkjgZh Vj igVXiZjg# AV XjaijgZ eVnhVccZ Zi bdciV\cVgYZ! YZh ^chiVaaVi^dch eg ]^hidg^fjZh | aV b XVc^hVi^dc# · Bdidg^hVi^dc Zi ^cYjhig^Va^hVi^dc# AZh bdiZjgh ]nYgVja^fjZh! | kVeZjg! aZXig^fjZh Zi | ZhhZcXZ! YZ aV egdid"^cYjhig^Z Vj MMZ h^ XaZ! YZ ® a¼VgX] dad\^Z ¯ ^cYjhig^ZaaZ Vj ® eVig^bd^cZ ¯ ^cYjhig^Za# · AVWdgVid^gZ Yj [jijg# AZh [gdci^ gZh YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zi YZh Veea^XVi^dch iZX]cdad\^fjZh! Xa h YZ kd iZ Y¼jc Y kZadeeZbZci YjgVWaZ# AZ egd_Zi IY_[dY[ 9[dj[h# '.)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

AV hnhi bVi^hVi^dc Yj egdXZhhjh YZ gZeg hZciVi^dc YZ a¼]^hid^gZ bVi g^ZaaZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ YZ aV egdk^cXZ h¼Zhi [V^iZ Zc g dg\Vc^hVci Zi Zc bZiiVci Zc g hZVj idjh aZh eZi^ih bjh Zh adXVjm XdchVXg h Vj bdcYZ gjgVa Zi$dj | a¼Vgi^hVcVi! aZh cdjkZVjm egd_Zih Y¼ Xdbjh Zh Zi! ZcÄc! aZ egd_Zi Y¼jc IY_[dY[ 9[dj[h | Ijg^c! fj^ Xdch^hiZ | iVWa^g jc edci ZcigZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV b bd^gZ YZh hVkd^g"[V^gZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ! Zi aZ [jijg# AZ hnhi bZ YZ g hZVj eZgbZi | X]VXjc YZ hZ Xdchigj^gZ YZh eVg" Xdjgh YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ hZadc YZh Xg^i gZh \ d\gVe]^fjZh dj i] bVi^fjZh# A¼^chigjbZci ^ccdkVci eZgbZiiVci YZ YdccZg k^Z Vj egd_Zi V i !

XdbbZ cdjh a¼Vkdch Y _| Y^i! aZ eg^cX^eZ YZ a¼ Xdbjh Z! [Zg YZ aVcXZ YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ Yj ® bjh Z YZ iZgg^id^gZ ¯! hZadc aV Y Äc^i^dc djkZgiZ dg^\^cVaZ Ydcc Z eVg <Zdg\Zh"=Zcg^ G^k^ gZ '' _Vck^Zg &.-% # B bZ h^! edjg hdc Veea^XVi^dc! dc V iZcj XdbeiZ YZ a¼ aVWdgVi^dc i] dg^fjZ jai g^ZjgZ fj^ Zc V bVgfj a¼ kdaji^dc! hd^i VkZX aZh Xdcig^Wji^dch YZ =j\jZh YZ KVg^cZ 7d]Vc! hd^i VkZX aZ Y WVi [gVc V^h hjg aV cdjkZaaZ bjh dad\^Z Zi aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # AV Xg Vi^dc Y¼jc g hZVj Y¼ Xdbjh Zh Zi YZ bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i V i Vm Z hjg aV gZeg hZciVi^dc YZ aV gZXdccV^hhVcXZ ^YZci^iV^gZ YZ aZjg egd" egZ iZgg^id^gZ eVg aZh XdbbjcVji h! VÄc fj¼ZaaZh hd^Zci aZh VXiZjgh YZ hV kVadg^hVi^dc# 6Äc fj¼ZaaZh ej^hhZci! | eVgi^g YZh he X^ÄX^i h adXVaZh! Xdchigj^gZ jcZ k g^iVWaZ XdchX^ZcXZ! edjg a^b^iZg aZh Z[[Zih YZ aV bdc" Y^Va^hVi^dc# 8ZaV idji Zc bV^ciZcVci k^kVciZ jcZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc Y^V" aZXi^fjZ VkZX aZh VjigZh XdbbjcVji h edjg k^iZg YZ hZ gZ[ZgbZg YVch YZh g Yj^ih ^YZci^iV^gZh fj^ cZ gZXdccV^hhZci eVh a¼^YZci^i XdbbZ egdXZhhjh! kdaji^dc! h Y^bZciVi^dc YZh hVkd^gh Zi YZh [V dch YZ eZc" hZg! Zi Y¼ igZ! c h Yj XdciVXi eaji i fjZ YZ a¼^hdaZbZci# 9Vch XZ hZch! ^a c¼V YdcX _VbV^h bVcfj aZ Y h^g [dgi Y¼jcZ ^YZci^i eajg^ZaaZ Zi Xdb" edh^iZ Y¼jcZ Y Xa^cV^hdc hda^YV^gZ YZ aV eVgi^X^eVi^dc | jc XVYgZ \adWVa Zi aVg\^# A¼ Xdbjh Z d[[gZ a¼deedgijc^i YZ h¼^ciZggd\Zg! Zc bZiiVci Zc ¶jkgZ Zi Zc g hZVj aV eajgVa^i YZh Zme g^ZcXZh! VÄc YZ aV eVgiV\Zg# AV gZX]ZgX]Z YZ hZh gVX^cZh ^YZci^iV^gZh YVch aZ Wji YZ b^Zjm hZ egd_ZiZg YVch a¼VkZc^g hZ Y kZadeeZ YZej^h aZh XdaaZXi^dch Y¼dW_Zih Zi YZ YdXjbZcih _jhfj¼Vjm igVY^i^dch a^c\j^hi^fjZh! YZej^h aV hVjkZ" \VgYZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ ]^hidg^fjZ VgX]^iZXijgVa Zi eVnhV\Zg _jhfj¼| aV b bd^gZ YZ XZjm fj^ dci [V^i k^kgZ aZh a^Zjm! YZej^h aZh bjh^fjZh Zi aZh [ iZh fj^ dci hXVcY aV igVY^i^dc _jhfj¼Vjm e^hdYZh Y^[ÄX^aZh dj ZmVa" iVcih fj^ dci bVgfj a¼]^hid^gZ XdbbjcVjiV^gZ# 9Vch XZ egdXZhhjh YZ g "Veegdeg^Vi^dc Yj eVhh Zi YZh hVkd^gh igVY^i^dccZah! aV egdk^cXZ V _dj ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci jc g aZ Y¼ bjaVi^dc! YZ hdji^Zc Zi YZ b^hZ Zc g hZVj Y¼^c^i^Vi^kZh Veg h Zc Vkd^g k g^Ä aV fjVa^i Zi aV [V^hVW^a^i &-)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

c Zh YZ aV eVgi^X^eVi^dc VXi^kZ Zi YZ aV bdW^a^hVi^dc YZh \gdjeZh! Vhhd" X^Vi^dch! VYb^c^higVi^dch adXVaZh! ZiX# Zc eg^hZ Y^gZXiZ VkZX aZ iZgg^id^gZ# 8dbbZ cdjh a¼Vkdch Y _| bZci^dcc ! ^a h¼Zhi Vadgh iVWa^ VkZX XZh Zci^" i h jc Y^Vad\jZ WVh hjg aV bV Zji^fjZ hdXgVi^fjZ VÄc YZ g edcYgZ Vjm YZbVcYZh YZh XdbbjcVji h# H^ XZiiZ e]VhZ V i XZaaZ Y¼jcZ gZcXdcigZ! YZ aV eVgi^X^eVi^dc Zi YZ a¼ X]Vc\Z VkZX aZh adXVjm! aV \VgVci^Z hX^Zci^ÄfjZ a¼VeegdX]Z YZh i] " bVi^fjZh! aV XdcXZei^dc ej^h aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ V i Vhhjg Z \g}XZ | a¼VXXdbeV\cZbZci Yj Y eVgiZbZci YZ XdcXZei^dc VgX]^iZXijgVaZ YZ a¼^chi^iji edaniZX]c^fjZ YZ Ijg^c# Ej^h! YVch XZgiV^ch XVh! | igVkZgh YZh VXXdgYh VkZX a¼jc^kZgh^i YZ Ijg^c Zi a¼jc^kZgh^i Yj E^ bdci dg^ZciVa edjg aZh VheZXih Vci]gdedad\^fjZh! Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZh! a^c\j^hi^fjZh° AV XVgVXi g^hi^fjZ [dcYVbZciVaZ gZedhZ hjg jc igVkV^a Xdbbjc edjg aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ Zi aV XdcXZgiVi^dc YZh iVeZh VXi^kZh eVg YZh gZX]ZgX]Zh! ijYZh YZ k^Y dh! Zcfj iZh hjg aZh hVkd^gh Zi aZh VXi^k^i h Vgi^hVcVaZh! aZh egd_Zih bjh d\gVe]^fjZh! aV eVgi^X^eVi^dc | YZh egd" _Zih Zjgde Zch YVch jc ZchZbWaZ XdbegZcVci aZh Y^[[ gZcih aVc\V\Zh YZ a¼Vgi Zi YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# 9Vch XZ XdciZmiZ hdci c Zh aZh ^c^" i^Vi^kZh YZ ® :Xd CVgX^hd ¯ Zi Yj AVWdgVid^gZ Vgi^hi^fjZ eZgbVcZci AVe # 9Vch aV egZb^ gZ! aZ iZgg^id^gZ h¼Zhi ® gZ\VgY YVch aZ b^gd^g ¯! h¼Zhi ^ciZggd\ Zi h¼Zhi Xdbedgi XdbbZ jc aVWdgVid^gZ djkZgi | Y^kZg" hZh Y^hX^ea^cZh! YZ a¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c | aV e]did\gVe]^Z Y¼VjiZjg! YZ aV a^ii gVijgZ edjg Zc[Vcih Vjm eVnhV\Zh hdcdgZh Yj ® iekdZ Whj ¯! a¼Zme g^" bZciVi^dc bjh^XVaZ XdciZbedgV^cZ YZh ® hXjaeiZjgh YZ hdc ¯# 9Vch aZ XVh Yj AVe! ^a h¼Zhi V\^ YZ e gZcc^hZg jc gVeedgi VkZX YZh ZmegZhh^dch Vgi^hi^fjZh XVeVWaZh YZ gV[[Zgb^g aZ i^hhj hdX^Va XdaZh! eZg" hdccZh }\ Zh! VhhdX^Vi^dch adXVaZh Zi VYb^c^higVi^dch YVch jc eVgXdjgh YZ gZXdccV^hhVcXZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ Zi YZ aV b bd^gZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ! | igVkZgh hV gZeg hZciVi^dc Yj eVnhV\Z igVY^i^dccZa Zi YZ hdc hd^"Y^hVci ® hZci^" bZci ¯# >a [Vji h^\cVaZg aZh ^ciZgkZci^dch hdjiZcjZh eVg aZ ® i] }igZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ ¯ fj^! | eVgi^g YZh a^Zjm Zi YZh ]^hid^gZh hdX^VaZh adXVaZh! Zc ji^a^hVci aZ i bd^\cV\Zh Zi aV b bd^gZ dgVaZ! bZi Zc hX cZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ aV XdaaZXi^k^i iZgg^idg^VaZ! eZgbZiiVci | XZiiZ YZgc^ gZ YZ hZ Xdchigj^gZ jcZ ]^hid^gZ! Zc gZaVi^dc VkZX aZh hX cVg^^ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ d[[^X^ZaaZ# Cdjh cZ edjkdch ^X^ ZcigZg YVch aZ Y iV^a! X¼Zhi edjgfjd^ cdjh kdjh gZckdndch Vj h^iZ / lll#egdk^cX^V#idg^cd#^i$XjaijgVbViZg^VaZ ² XZh VXi^dch fj^ gZcYZci k^kVciZh idjiZh aZh ^bWg^XVi^dch YZ aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ h¼Zhi V_dji Z jcZ eZgXZei^dc [dgiZ Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ Vj iZgg^id^gZ YZ aV eVgi YZh Y^[[ gZciZh ^c^i^Vi^kZh fj^ hdci YZkZcjZh jcZ g [ gZcXZ edjg YZ cdbWgZjhZh VXi^k^i h YVch aZh YdbV^cZh YZ a¼Vc^bV" i^dc hdX^VaZ! YZ a¼ YjXVi^dc! YZ aV [dgbVi^dc hXdaV^gZ Zi egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ# '.+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

>a cZ [Vji eVh djWa^Zg jcZ egZb^ gZ gZidbW Z Zc iZgbZh YZ idjg^hbZ hXdaV^gZ Zi XjaijgZa! fj^ V ^cXajh XZh cdjkZVji h eVgb^ aZh d[[gZh YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ# ² jc XZgiV^c ed^ci! cdjh Vkdch hZci^ aV c XZhh^i YZ hdjbZiigZ | jcZ Zci^i Zmi g^ZjgZ aZh g hjaiVih dWiZcjh Vj Wdji YZ egZhfjZ Y^m Vch Y¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci# >a h¼V\^hhV^i YZ kd^g h^ aZ g hjaiVi YZ cdigZ igVkV^a VkV^i i Xdbeg^h eVg XZjm fj^ n VkV^Zci eVgi^X^e Zi eVg XZjm fj^ Zc iV^Zci aZh W c ÄX^V^gZh# 8ZaV eVgXZ fjZ cdjh Vk^dch Y X^Y Y¼VY] gZg Vj egd" idXdaZ YZ XZgi^ÄXVi^dc ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZ ® >[h_jo ¯# AZ igVkV^a h¼Zhi Y kZadee hjg aV WVhZ YZh fjVigZ Xg^i gZh hj^kVcih / · eZgXZei^dc YZ aV kVaZjg Yj W^Zc! · ^c[dgbVi^dc igVchb^hZ Vj k^h^iZjg! · fjVa^i YZ a¼VXXjZ^a Zi YZh hZgk^XZh! · iVi Y¼ZcigZi^Zc! YZ XdchZgkVi^dc Zi YZ gZhiVjgVi^dc# AZh Y^[ÄXjai h Y¼jcZ iZaaZ ^ciZgkZci^dc Y¼ kVajVi^dc iV^Zci cdb" WgZjhZh# >a h¼V\^hhV^i VkVci idji YZ edgiZg jc _j\ZbZci hjg YZh ^chi^ij" i^dch ]dgh cdgbZh Zi ^ccdkVciZh YVch aZ eVcdgVbV XjaijgZa YZ cdigZ eVnh# :chj^iZ! dc cZ hZ igdjkV^i eVh [VXZ | YZh W^Zch XjaijgZah igVY^" i^dccZah! Y Äc^h eVg aZjgh fjVa^i h Zhi] i^fjZh! Vgi^hi^fjZh Zi ]^hidg^" fjZh! bV^h [VXZ | jc eVig^bd^cZ Y^[[jh! gZeg hZci eVg YZh a bZcih YZ XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ bV^h Vjhh^ ^bbVi g^ZaaZ X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ VeeVgiZcVci | XZiiZ XVi \dg^Z Y Xg^iZ eVg a¼JcZhXd XdbbZ ® aVW^aZ ¯! ® ^ciVc\^WaZ ¯ !

ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci igVchb^hZ eVg dgVa# ² XZaV h¼Zhi V_dji Z aV Y^[ÄXjai YZ igdjkZg YZh Xg^i gZh hiVcYVgY! Veea^XVWaZh | jcZ h^ijVi^dc fj^ Zhi XZaaZ YZ a¼ Xdbjh Z! YVch aVfjZaaZ dc Zhi Xdc[gdci | jcZ ^Y Z! Vj egd_Zi Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji fj^ [V^i aZ X]d^m YZ hZ bdcigZg Zi YZ bdcigZg hdc ^YZci^i eajg^ZaaZ VkVci idji | ZaaZ"b bZ! ej^h ijY^Z Zi X]d^h^i aZh [V dch Zi aZh ^chigjbZcih edjg a¼ZmedhZg Vj gZ\VgY Zmi g^Zjg! Zc h¼djkgVci Vjm VjigZh# :c Z[[Zi! a¼ Xd" bjh Z eVgi Yj eg^cX^eZ fjZ X¼Zhi aV XdbbjcVji fj^ Y X^YZ YZ ® kdj" ad^g Yj W^Zc ¯ | hdc egdegZ iZgg^id^gZ Zi YZ h¼Zc dXXjeZg Zc X]dnVci hV b bd^gZ! hdc ]^hid^gZ! edjg ^bV\^cZg jc VkZc^g fj^ hd^i Zc Xd] " gZcXZ VkZX aZ eVhh ! hVch XdjejgZ YdjadjgZjhZ! bV^h Zc h¼djkgVci | aV bdYZgc^i Zi | a¼^ccdkVi^dc# 9Vch a¼Zheg^i YZ hZh bV igZh Y¼¶jkgZ! aZh dW_ZXi^[h YZ aV XZgi^ÄXVi^dc YZkV^Zci YdcX eZgbZiigZ jcZ Vb a^dgVi^dc YZh g hZVjm Zi [djgc^g YZh ^cY^XVi^dch edjg Y Äc^g jc hnhi bZ YZ \Zh" i^dc Z[ÄXVXZ Yj Hnhi bZ YZ aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ! Zi edjg gZhi^ijZg YZ bVc^ gZ Z[ÄXVXZ! fjVa^iVi^kZ Zi Xdbea iZ! aV b bd^gZ YZh a^Zjm# AV XZgi^ÄXVi^dc >[h_jo V Y bVgg Zc '%%) Zi h¼Zhi iZgb^c Z YZjm Vch eajh iVgY! ^bea^fjVci ', Xdbjh Zh Zi bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # AV b i]dYZ Y¼VcVanhZ! Zc VXXdgY VkZX aZ egdidXdaZ >[h_jo! h¼Zhi aVWdg Z &-+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

| igVkZgh aZ igVkV^a Y¼ kVajViZjgh ^ciZgcVi^dcVjm! a¼Vjid"VcVanhZ YZh hj_Zih XdcXZgc h Zi a¼de^c^dc ejWa^fjZ# AZ gVeedgi V b^h Zc gZa^Z[ / · aV g^X]ZhhZ YZh XdciZcjh Yj g hZVj YZ aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ! · aV he X^ÄX^i YZ a¼^c^i^Vi^kZ! · aZ hZch egd[dcY YZ eVgi^X^eVi^dc eVgiV\ Z Yj egd_Zi# ,) YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh adXVjm dci dWiZcj jcZ kVajVi^dc hje g^ZjgZ Vj hXdgZ b^c^bjb Zck^hV\ Zi X]VfjZ a^Zj Yj Hnhi bZ YZ aV XjaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ VnVci gZ j aV XZgi^ÄXVi^dc VgWdgZ VkZX dg\jZ^a aZ aVWZa >[h_jo# BV^h Vj"YZa| YZ XZ Wg^aaVci g hjaiVi! idji XZ fj^ Zhi VeeVgj Vj Xdjgh YZ XZiiZ kVajVi^dc gZeg hZciZ jcZ ^ck^iVi^dc | VaaZg eajh ad^c Zc kjZ YZ k g^ÄXVi^dch [jijgZh# >a Zhi iZbeh YZ XdcXajgZ hjg aZ gVeedgi fj¼ZcigZi^ZccZci aZ egd_Zi 8jaijgZ bVi g^ZaaZ Zi aZ Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa# 6kZX! Zc eg VbWjaZ! XZ fjZ h^\c^ÄZ Y kZadeeZbZci# H^ aZ Y kZadeeZbZci cZ hZ bZhjgZ eVh jc^fjZbZci hZadc aZ XdcXZei Y eVhh Yj E^W Zi h¼^a cZ hZ XdciZciZ eVh YZ h¼^YZci^ÄZg | aV ® Xgd^h" hVcXZ ¯! bV^h gZeg hZciZ jcZ k g^iVWaZ fjVa^i YZ k^Z YZh ^cY^k^Yjh Zi YZ aZjgh gZaVi^dch hdX^VaZh! Vadgh aZh bjh Zh Zi aZh Xdbjh Zh ZmZgXZci jcZ ^cÅjZcXZ h^\c^ÄXVi^kZ hjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa eVg aZh YncV" b^fjZh fj¼^ah eZjkZci bZiigZ Zc ¶jkgZ Zi fjZ _¼V^ X]ZgX] | bZiigZ Zc k^YZcXZ# ?Z kV^h ZhhVnZg YZ aZh g hjbZg / · Eg^hZ YZ XdchX^ZcXZ YZ hdc egdegZ eVig^bd^cZ Zi YZ hdc ^bedgiVcXZ# · 6bdgXZ Y¼VjigZh egd_Zih YZ kVadg^hVi^dc! Vj igVkZgh Y¼^ckZhi^hhZ" bZcih VY fjVih eVg YZh [dgbZh YZ ÄcVcXZbZcih adXVjm! cVi^dcVjm dj Zjgde Zch # · B^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZ eda^i^fjZh Y¼Vc^bVi^dch edjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa# · Egdbdi^dc YZh ^bV\Zh XjaijgZaaZh Yj iZgg^id^gZ edjg aZ hdji^Zc YZ aV Xdbe i^i^k^i ZcigZ iZgg^id^gZh# · KVadg^hVi^dc! [dgbVi^dc Zi egd[Zhh^dccVa^hVi^dc YZh gZhhdjgXZh ]jbV^cZh! cdiVbbZci aZ _ZjcZh \ c gVi^dch# · Hdji^Zc | aV egdYjXi^dc Vgi^hVcVaZ YZ fjVa^i Zi Vjm egdYj^ih Zi]cd" \Vhigdcdb^fjZh igVY^i^dccZah fj^ gZbZiiZci Vj \d i Yj _djg YZh hVkd^g"[V^gZ VcX^Zch# · 8VeVX^i YZ gZXg Zg Zi YZ [V^gZ gZigdjkZg YZh ZheVXZh bZciVjm Zi e]n" h^fjZh XVeVWaZh YZ gZeg hZciZg jcZ cdjkZaaZ V\dgV hdX^VaZ edjg aV eVgi^X^eVi^dc Zi aZ Y WVi! Y¼d eZjkZci cV igZ YZ cdjkZaaZh eZgheZX" i^kZh edjg aV XdbbjcVji # >a h¼V\^i YZ igdjkZg YZh [V dc ^ccdkVciZh YZ hZ gZigdjkZg ZchZbWaZ [VXZ | aV Ydb^cVi^dc YZh ® cdc"a^Zjm ¯ fj^ cZ Xg Zci eVh YZ cdjkZaaZh hdX^VW^a^i h ^cY^heZchVWaZh edjg a¼VkZc^g# '.-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

· >ciZci^dc YZ gZeg hZciZg jc cdjkZVj ed^ci YZ g [ gZcXZ edjg aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi a¼^ccdkVi^dc fj^! | eVgi^g YZ aV igVY^i^dc! hd^i XVeVWaZ Y¼^ckZciZg YZ cdjkZVjm hX cVg^^# · DXXVh^dc YZ gZidbW Zh idjg^hi^fjZh d[[gVci YZ cdjkZVjm ^chigj" bZcih YZ XdccV^hhVcXZ Zi Y¼Veegd[dcY^hhZbZci fj^ ji^a^hZci aV XjaijgZ adXVaZ hVch h¼n Zc[ZgbZg Zi! Zc aV Y eVhhVci! djkgZci YZ cdj" kZaaZh eZgheZXi^kZh# ?¼Zhe gZ kdjh Vkd^g eg hZci jc i bd^\cV\Z h^\c^ÄXVi^[ Zi fjZ bV eg " hZcXZ ^X^ c¼V eVh i ^cji^aZ# BZgX^#

AZh Zc_Zjm YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ Vj bjh Z BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm 8]ZgX]Zjg Vj <gZhZX! jc^kZgh^i <gZcdWaZ >>>

&# 8[#! ZcigZ VjigZh g [ gZcXZh edhh^WaZh! ?VXfjZh =V^cVgY! ® AZ Bjh Z XdbbZ Zc_Zj / | eVgi^g YZ a¼ZmZbeaZ Yj bjh Z Y¼:i]cd\gVe]^Z YZ CZjX]}iZa Zi Y¼jcZ g XZciZ Zmedh^i^dc ¹8daaZXi^dch eVhh^dcº ¯! _d / Gk[bi cki [i" fekh gk[bb[i Ódi" Wk`ekhZÊ^k_ 5 H b^cV^gZh YZ a¼wXdaZ Yj AdjkgZ! EVg^h!

AV 9dXjbZciVi^dc [gVc V^hZ! ee# ,*"-( Zi '*,"'+. 0 9db^c^fjZ K^Zk^aaZ! ® AZ bjh Z XdbbZ Zc_Zj edjg hZh eVgiZcV^gZh Zmi g^Zjgh ¯! _d Cki [i [j Yebb[Yj_edi fkXb_gk[i Z[ <hWdY[! &..- P( / ''%R#

A¼^ci^ija YZ aV iVWaZ gdcYZ YVch aVfjZaaZ Zhi h^ij Z bdc ^ciZgkZc" i^dc gZcY XZaaZ"X^ Y a^XViZ / kdfjZg ZchZbWaZ aZh Zc_Zjm YZ aV b Y^V" i^dc Vj bjh Z Zi aV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ hjeedhZ YZ _jhi^ÄZg jc XdjeaV\Z b Y^Vi^dc"iZgg^id^gZ fj^ Zhi jc dW_Zi YZ igVkV^a XdbeaZmZ edjg aZh b Y^ViZjgh# ?Z kV^h YdcX VWdgYZg aV fjZhi^dc YZh iZgg^id^gZh! cdc eVh YZ bVc^ gZ ^bea^X^iZ adghfj¼dc aZ [V^i hdjkZci fjVcY dc eVgaZ YZ iZgg^id^gZh! bV^h XdbbZ YZh ZheVXZh YZ egVi^fjZh Zi Y¼jhV\Zh# 8Vg aV gZaVi^dc Vj iZgg^id^gZ c¼Zhi eVh YZ b bZ cVijgZ hZadc fjZ aZ bjh Z h¼VYgZhhZ Y¼VWdgY Vjm edejaVi^dch YZ hdc iZgg^id^gZ YZ gVndccZbZci! dj W^Zc | YZh k^h^iZjgh Zmi g^Zjgh | hdc iZgg^id^gZ! hVX]Vci fjZ W^Zc hdjkZci ^a g edcY | aV YdjWaZ c XZhh^i YZ h¼VYgZhhZg | XZh YZjm ineZh YZ ejWa^Xh# 9¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc aZh Zc_Zjm YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc Vj bjh Z! fj^ hdci aZh iZgbZh YZ a¼^ciZgkZci^dc fj^ b¼V i egdedh Z! gZckd^Zci Vjm Zc_Zjm Yj bjh Z! Ydci ^ah hdci jcZ YZh [dgbjaVi^dch edhh^WaZh# ?Z gZa kZ Vj eVhhV\Z fjZ cdjh hdbbZh eVhh h Y¼jcZ edfjZ d a¼dc eVgaV^i Yj ® bjh Z XdbbZ Zc_Zj ¯&! | a¼ edfjZ eg hZciZ d cdjh hdbbZh VbZc h | eVgaZg YZh Zc_Zjm Yj bjh Z# 9Vch aZ egZb^Zg XVh! aZ iZgbZ Y¼® Zc_Zj ¯ Y h^\cV^i jcZ [dcXi^dc hnbWda^fjZ! a^ Z | aV [VWg^XVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zi | a¼VXi^dc Yj bjh Z YVch Zi hjg aV hdX^ i 0 YVch aZ hZXdcY XVh! ^a Y h^" \cZ jcZ [dcXi^dc de gVi^dccZaaZ! Zi Zc eVgi^Z Zmig^ch fjZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ a^ Z | YZh eg dXXjeVi^dch Zi YZh ViiZciZh h^ij Zh Zc YZ]dgh Yj X]Vbe Y a^b^i eVg aZh b^hh^dch YZ XdchZgkVi^dc! Y¼ ijYZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi YZ Y^[[jh^dc# 8¼Zhi YVch XZiiZ kdaji^dc Yj XdciZmiZ Zi YZ aV gZeg hZciV" i^dc Yj g aZ YZh bjh Zh fjZ h¼^chXg^i bV g ÅZm^dc hjg aV b Y^Vi^dc# AZh Zc_Zjm YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc Vj bjh Z hdci | ijY^Zg YZ YZjm bVc^ " gZh / aV b Y^Vi^dc Wk i[_d Yj bjh Z! XdbbZ XdbedhVciZ YZ a¼VXi^k^i &--

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

Yj bjh Z Zi XdbbZ b i^Zg he X^ÄfjZ eVgi^X^eVci YZh b^hh^dch \ad" WVaZh YZ a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci 0 aV b Y^Vi^dc fekh aZ bjh Z! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ! Zc ZbegjciVci jcZ eVgVe]gVhZ | CVi]Va^Z =Z^c^X]'! XZ fjZ aV b Y^Vi^dc [V^i Vj bjh Z! XZ fj¼ZaaZ Zhi hjhXZei^WaZ YZ bdY^ÄZg YVch hdc [dcXi^dc" cZbZci Zi YVch a¼ aVWdgVi^dc YZ hdc XVe^iVa hnbWda^fjZ# >a Zhi eajh XdbeaZmZ fj¼^a c¼n eVgV i Y¼ kdfjZg aV b Y^Vi^dc YVch jc X]Vbe XjaijgZa d aZ hZch YZ XZ iZgbZ Zi hdc jhV\Z hZ hdci edjgiVci b^Zjm hiVW^a^h h fjZ YVch Y¼VjigZh# AV egZb^ gZ Y^[ÄXjai Zhi Y¼dgYgZ h bVci^fjZ# AZ iZgbZ Y h^\cZ! hZadc a¼Zbead^ fj^ Zc Zhi [V^i! hd^i aZh i}X]Zh YZ XdbbZciV^gZ! Y¼Zmea^XVi^dc! YZ \j^YV\Z Z[[ZXij Zh eVg YZh eZghdccZah he X^Va^h h YVch aZ XdciVXi Y^gZXi VkZX aZh ejWa^Xh! hd^i aZh dji^ah b^h | Y^hedh^i^dc YZh k^h^iZjgh Zi a¼VXXdbeV\cZbZci ]jbV^c YZh jhV\Zh YZ XZh dji^ah# >a Vgg^kZ ZcÄc fjZ aV b Y^Vi^dc hd^i Y Äc^Z eVg aZh cdc ejWa^Xh Zjm"b bZh! Zi fjZ idji igVkV^a Z[[ZXij VkZX YZh eZghdccZh dj YZh \gdjeZh hdX^Vjm ZmXajh! ad^\c h! Zbe X] h! he " X^ÄfjZh! ZiX#! hZadc aZ kdXVWjaV^gZ Zc jhV\Z! hd^i Y h adgh fjVa^Ä YZ b Y^Vi^dc# 8ZaV gZckd^Z | jcZ ig^eaZ VeegdX]Z YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc / egd" [Zhh^dccZaaZ! Xdbbjc^XVi^dccZaaZ! XdbeVhh^dccZaaZ# AZh Y Äc^i^dch ^bea^X^iZh YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc! fj^ XVgVXi g^hZci hdc Zbead^ aZ eajh Xdj" gVci! gZckd^Zci YZ bVc^ gZ ^cY^hi^cXiZ | jc dj eajh^Zjgh YZ XZh igd^h gZ\^higZh# >a Zhi Zc gZkVcX]Z VhhZo gVgZ fjZ aV b Y^Vi^dc Y h^\cZ aZh [dg" bZh YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc eVg aZhfjZaaZh jc bjh Z hZ eg iZ | YZh jhV\Zh k^gijZah! Y^[[ g h! kd^gZ VaiZgcVi^[h | aV k^h^iZ gZhhdjgXZh Zc a^\cZ! VXi^" k^i h Y^kZghZh VkVci Zi Veg h jcZ k^h^iZ! Zmedh^i^dc k^gijZaaZ # AV b Y^V" i^dc VeeVgV i YdcX XdbbZ jcZ ZmiZch^dc YZ aV cdi^dc YZ ejWa^X! jcZ kZgh^dc VXijZaaZ Zi hdX^VaZbZci eajh gZhedchVWaZ YZ a¼Vgi Yj ® kd^ijgV\Z YZh ejWa^Xh ¯ Zc X]d Vj ® kd^ijgV\Z YZh ¶jkgZh ¯ XdbbZci eVg EVhhZ" gdc( ! fj¼^aajhigZ aZ hjXX h \gVcY^hhVci Yj iZgbZ ® VXXdbeV\cZbZci ¯ YVch a¼ cdcX YZh b^hh^dch Zi YZh VXi^dch YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh# AV YZjm^ bZ Y^[ÄXjai · fj^ c¼Zhi eVh egdegZ Vj bjh Z! dc h¼n Xdc[gdciZ Zc Z[[Zi YVch Y¼VjigZh ^chi^iji^dch Zi YVch Y¼VjigZh YdbV^cZh XjaijgZah · X¼Zhi fjZ aZh bjh Zh hZ gZeg hZciZci Zjm"b bZh XdbbZ YZh ZheVXZh b Y^ViZjgh eVg cVijgZ! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ ^cig^ch fjZbZci b Y^V" iZjgh! hVch WZhd^c YZ gZXdjg^g | YZh V\Zcih he X^ÄfjZbZci ViiVX] h | XZiiZ [dcXi^dc! Zi XZaV | igVkZgh YZjm Ä\jgZh bV_ZjgZh Yj bjh Z# AV egZb^ gZ Ä\jgZ X¼Zhi a¼dg^\^cZ ]^hidg^fjZ Yj bjh Z / jc ZheVXZ e YV" \d\^fjZ! jc a^Zj gZhhdjgXZ edjg aV igVchb^hh^dc# A¼VjigZ Ä\jgZ! Ydci ^a Zhi ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci fjZhi^dc Vj Xdjgh YZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh! X¼Zhi aZ bjh Z XdbbZ a^Zj d jcZ edejaVi^dc kV edjkd^g hZ Y^gZ! Y WViigZ! Zck^hV\Zg hdc VkZc^g Vj gZ\VgY Y¼jcZ XdchX^ZcXZ Xg^i^fjZ YZ hZh dg^\^" cZh# 9Vch aZh YZjm XVh! aZ egZb^Zg b Y^ViZjg! X¼Zhi XZaj^ fj^ ZmZgXZ aZh './

'# CVi]Va^Z =Z^c^X]!

9[ gk[ bÊWhj \W_j } bW ieY_ebe]_[!

EVg^h! B^cj^i! &..-# (# ?ZVc"8aVjYZ EVhhZgdc!

B[ hW_iedd[c[dj ieY_ebe]_gk[!

CVi]Vc! &..&! g Y# '%%+!

6aW^c B^X]Za#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

i}X]Zh YZ gZXjZ^a! Y¼VcVanhZ Zi YZ gZhi^iji^dc! VjigZbZci Y^i aZ XdchZg" kViZjg# >a Xg Z aZh XdcY^i^dch edjg fjZ a¼ iVWa^hhZbZci bjh Va _djZ jc g aZ b Y^ViZjg edjg jc iZgg^id^gZ Zi jcZ edejaVi^dc# 9Vch XZ hZch! a¼jide^Z [dcYVig^XZ YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i iV^i [dcY Z hjg aV XgdnVcXZ YVch a¼VXi^dc ^cig^ch fjZbZci b Y^Vig^XZ Yj bjh Z# 8Zh YZjm gV^" hdch · fj^ cZ hdci eVh YZ b bZ cVijgZ · XdckZg\Zci edjg egdYj^gZ jcZ k^h^dc YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc fjZ _Z fjVa^ÄZgV^ Y¼VcX^aaV^gZ / aV b Y^V" i^dc XdbbZ [dcXi^dc hZXdcYV^gZ! jc^fjZbZci Y Äc^Z eVg aZ hZgk^XZ fj¼ZaaZ gZcY Vjm [dcXi^dch egZb^ gZh! iVWa^hhVci jcZ Xdci^cj^i h^aZc" X^ZjhZ ZcigZ aZ egd_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Yj bjh Z Zi aZ bdbZci YZ aV gZc" XdcigZ VkZX aZh ejWa^Xh# Jc Y^gZXiZjg YZ bjh Z a¼V Zmeg^b ]^Zg YVch YZh iZgbZh idji | [V^i XaV^gh / ® BW c Z_Wj_ed l_[dj Wfh i ¯! ® BW c Z_Wj_ed YÊ[ij bW f ZW]e]_[ ¯# Dg! aV b Y^Vi^dc V kdXVi^dc | ^ciZggd\Zg aZ bjh Z YVch hdc dg\Vc^hVi^dc ^chi^iji^dccZaaZ Zi aV ]^ gVgX]^Z YZh i}X]Zh Zc hdc hZ^c# 8Vg aV he X^Va^hVi^dc YZh b i^Zgh YVch aZh bjh Zh gZc[dgXZ aV ]^ gVgX]^hVi^dc YZ hV higjXijgZ# HVch kdjad^g gZ[ZgbZg aZ Y WVi Zc YdccVci jcZ Y Äc^i^dc cdgbV" i^kZ YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc! ^a bZ hZbWaZ c XZhhV^gZ YZ eg X^hZg XdbbZci _¼VWdgYZ XZiiZ fjZhi^dc Zc iVci fjZ X]ZgX]Zjg# AV b Y^Vi^dc hZ bZi hdjh aZ gZ\VgY YZ a¼VXi^k^i YZ egdYjXi^dc hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Yj bjh Z! adgh" fjZ XZiiZ VXi^k^i Zm^hiZ! edjg VXXdbea^g jcZ [dcXi^dc YZ i^Zgh ^ciZg" eg iVci! cdc hZjaZbZci YVch aZ iZbeh YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ Yj a^Zj Zi YZh dW_Zih fj^ Zhi aZ iZbeh d aZh k^h^iZjgh hdci eg hZcih! bV^h \VaZbZci YVch jc iZbeh Y^[[ g ! adghfjZ aZ b Y^ViZjg hZ Y eaVXZ YVch Y¼VjigZh a^Zjm Zi YVch Y¼VjigZh iZbeh Y¼jcZ VXi^k^i hdX^VaZ! Zi adghfjZ XZaaZ"X^ Zhi a^ Z Vj egd_Zi XjaijgZa Zi | a¼d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ Yj bjh Z# :aaZ iVWa^i jcZ gZaVi^dc YZ gZckd^ Vjm dW_Zih | egdedh YZhfjZah ZaaZ Zhi Xg Z# AV YZjm^ bZ cdi^dc fj^ Y Äc^i a¼^ci^ija YZ bdc ^ciZgkZci^dc Zhi XZaaZ YZ iZgg^id^gZ! iZgbZ eajh Xdc[jh bZci Zbeadn fjZ XZaj^ YZ b Y^Vi^dc# >a Zhi ^cji^aZ YZ Y kZadeeZg ^X^ idjh aZh Zbead^h YZ XZ iZgbZ# ?¼Zc gZi^Zch igd^h# Idji Y¼VWdgY! aZ iZgg^id^gZ XdbbZ Xdchigj^i eda^i^" fjZ! cdi^dc fj^ V i ig h eg hZciZ Vj Xdjgh YZh Y WVih eg X YZcih# 9Zjm^ bZ VXXZei^dc / aZ iZgg^id^gZ XdbbZ V^gZ YZ gVndccZbZci! X¼Zhi" |"Y^gZ aV bVc^ gZ Ydci jcZ d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ hZ Y^[[jhZ Zc h¼VeejnVci hjg Y^kZgh hjeedgih Zi g hZVjm YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# Igd^h^ bZ VXXZe" i^dc / aZ iZgg^id^gZ YZ egd_Zi! jcZ V^gZ egVi^fj Z Zi Y Äc^Z eVg a¼Zc\V\Z" bZci XdckZg\Zci YZ XZgiV^ch VXiZjgh Zi YZ XZgiV^ch g hZVjm Y¼VXiZjgh# Jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh dci jc ejWa^X Zc \gVcYZ eVgi^Z ZmigV"iZgg^idg^Va! XVg ^a Zhi eg i | [gVcX]^g YZh Y^hiVcXZh fj^ Y WdgYZci aZ XVYgZ YZ hdc WVhh^c YZ k^Z h^ a¼d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ Xdg" gZhedcY | hZh WZhd^ch# 6j_djgY¼]j^! edjg XZh higjXijgZh! aZ Y Ä Zhi &.%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

YZ hVkd^g ]VW^iZg aZjg iZgg^id^gZ# :aaZh hdci YZ eajh Zc eajh gZckdn Zh eVg aZjgh ijiZaaZh | YZh Zc_Zjm YZ igVkV^a VkZX aZh ]VW^iVcih Zi VkZX aV edejaVi^dc! igVkV^a hdjkZci fjVa^Ä YZ ® egdm^b^i ¯# 8ZiiZ kdaji^dc h¼^chXg^i YVch jc XdciZmiZ fjZ cdjh XdccV^hhdch W^Zc! fj^ Zhi XZaj^ Yj Y hZcX]VciZbZci k^h"|"k^h Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ XdcXZei^dc YZ aV Y bd" XgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! gZedhVci hjg jcZ XjaijgZ dXigdn Z# :aaZ h¼^chXg^i Vjhh^ YVch jcZ h^ijVi^dc cdjkZaaZ / aV Xdc[gdciVi^dc YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh | YZ k g^iVWaZh Z[[Zih YZ hZj^a# 8Zjm"X^ hdci Yjh | YZjm [VX" iZjgh# AZ egZb^Zg! X¼Zhi fjZ aZh eda^i^fjZh Y¼ aVg\^hhZbZci YZh ejWa^Xh c¼ViiZ^\cZci \ c gVaZbZci fjZ aZ ejWa^X ediZci^Za! fj^ Zhi VhhZo [VX^aZ" bZci g VXi^k eVg jcZ XVbeV\cZ YZ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc# AZ hZXdcY! X¼Zhi aV a^b^iZ bVi g^ZaaZ Äm Z eVg aV hiV\cVi^dc YZh WjY\Zih YZh XdaaZXi^k^" i h ejWa^fjZh# Eajh a¼^c_dcXi^dc eda^i^fjZ Zhi [dgiZ k^h"|"k^h Yj bjh Z! eajh aZh b Y^ViZjgh hdci ^ciZgeZaa h edjg Xdbea iZg aZ igVkV^a YZ aV Xdbbjc^XVi^dc Yj bjh Z Zi Vj\bZciZg aZh X]^[[gZh YZ [g fjZciVi^dc! bV^h Vjhh^ edjg gZhiVjgZg aZ XVe^iVa hnbWda^fjZ Yj bjh Z! Zc egdj" kVci eVg YZh VXi^dch XdcYj^iZh VkZX idjiZh hdgiZh YZ \gdjeZh hdX^Vjm! fjZ aZ bjh Z h¼VYgZhhZ | idjh Zi Zhi g ZaaZbZci [g fjZci eVg idjh# AV b Y^Vi^dc g edcY Vadgh | jcZ YZbVcYZ Vjhh^ W^Zc [dcXi^dccZaaZ fjZ bdgVaZ / VhhjgZg a¼VXXdbeV\cZbZci i]^fjZ YZh igVch[dgbVi^dch Xd" cdb^fjZh Y¼jcZ higjXijgZ Vj hZ^c Y¼jc XdciZmiZ Zc Xg^hZ)# EVgVYdmVaZ" bZci! jc egdWa bZ hjg\^i Vj bdbZci b bZ d aZh b Y^ViZjgh VXXdb" ea^hhZci XZh b^hh^dch fj^ aZjg hdci YZbVcY Zh! XVg aZjg igVkV^a eZgY Vadgh jcZ \gVcYZ eVgi^Z YZ hV gZciVW^a^i ! Yj bd^ch Vj gZ\VgY YZh hiV" i^hi^fjZh YZ [g fjZciVi^dc# 6XXjZ^aa^g aZh ejWa^Xh aZh eajh ad^\c h! Vc^" bZg YZh g hZVjm YZ hdX^VW^a^i Vjidjg Yj bjh Z! gZcXdcigZg aV edej" aVi^dc Yj iZgg^id^gZ YZ egdm^b^i ! idjiZh XZh VXi^dch cZ h¼ kVajZci eVh VkZX aZh b bZh Xg^i gZh fjZ XZjm fj^ XdcXZgcZci a¼VXXjZ^a YZh ejWa^Xh fj^ k^ZccZci hVch Y^[ÄXjai Vj bjh Z! hd^i YZ aZjg egdegZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ! hd^i eVg Y^kZghZh [dgbZh YZ egZhXg^ei^dc Zi Y¼VXXdbeV\cZbZci# ?Z kdjYgV^h b¼VeejnZg! | XZ hiVYZ YZ aV g ÅZm^dc! hjg igd^h igVkVjm g XZcih# A¼jc edgiZ hjg XZgiV^cZh [dgbZh Y¼^ciZgVXi^dch fj^ hdci XdchiV" i Zh Vj Xdjgh YZ aV k^h^iZ \j^Y Z# A¼VjigZ hjg a¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci Yj bjh Z Vjeg h Y¼jcZ XVi \dg^Z eVgi^Xja^ gZ YZ ® cdc"ejWa^Xh ¯# AZ igd^h^ bZ h¼^c" i gZhhZ | aV higjXijgVi^dc egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc Zc 6[g^fjZ# ® AV XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jc bdcYZ Xdbbjc ¯! dj aV b Y^Vi^dc hnbWda^fjZ ?¼ZbegjciZ XZh iZgbZh | ?ZVc 9VkVaadc fj^ Zhi ^X^ eg hZci! Zi fjZ _¼V^ eaV^h^g | X^iZg / ® L_i_j[h kd cki [" kd[ [nfei_j_ed" YÊ[ij jhWl[hi[h kd j[hh_je_h[ Whj_ÓY_[b$ ¯* Jc iZgg^id^gZ fj^ c¼Zhi c^ idji | [V^i aZ bdcYZ YZh '/'

)# Dc eZji hZ gVeegdX]Zg ^X^ YZh VcVanhZh YZ EVig^X` 8]VbeV\cZ hjg aV b Y^Vi^dc YVch aZ X]Vbe b Y^Vi^fjZ / ® AZ b Y^ViZjg ZcigZ YZjm BdcYZ / igVch[dgbVi^dc Yj X]Vbe b Y^Vi^fjZ Zi \Zhi^dc Yj XVe^iVa _djgcVa^hi^fjZ ¯! _d 7Yj[i Z[ bW h[Y^[hY^[ [d iY_[dY[i ieY_Wb[i P&(&"&('R! bVgh '%%%! ee# -"'.# *# ?ZVc 9VkVaadc!

BÊ[nfei_j_ed } bÊÄklh[ 0 IjhWj ]_[i Z[ Yecckd_YWj_ed [j c Z_Wj_ed iocXeb_gk[! EVg^h! A¼=VgbViiVc Xdaa# 8dbbjc^XVi^dc Zi X^k^a^hVi^dc ! &...#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

+# B^X] aZ <ZaaZgZVj! B[i c_i[i [d iY d[ Z[ bW l_i_j[ ]k_Z [$ 9ecckd_YWj_ed [j c Z_Wj_ed! EVg^h! A¼=VgbViiVc Xdaa# 8dbbjc^XVi^dc Zi X^k^a^hVi^dc ! '%%*#

dW_Zih gZeg hZci h · aZ bdcYZ Y¼dg^\^cZ YZh dW_Zih gZeg hZci h · c^ idji | [V^i aZ bdcYZ YZh k^h^iZjgh# AZ bjh Z Zhi jc iZgg^id^gZ hnbWd" a^fjZ fj^ eZgbZi Y¼VaaZg | aV gZcXdcigZ YZ hd^"b bZ Zi | aV gZcXdcigZ Y¼VjigZh XjaijgZh# >a eZji hjgidji · Zi X¼Zhi XZ fj^ b¼^ci gZhhZ YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ XZiiZ ^ciZgkZci^dc · igZ jc a^Zj Y¼ X]Vc\Zh XjaijgZah YVch aZh h^ijVi^dch YZ gZcXdcigZ# 9Vch jc djkgV\Z g XZbbZci eVgj+! B^X] aZ <ZaaZgZVj a^kgZ jcZ VcVanhZ ig h ÄcZ YZ aV Y^bZch^dc i] }igVaZ YZ aV k^h^iZ \j^Y Z! | eVg" i^g YZ b Y^Vi^dch fj^ hdci Zc ¶jkgZ YVch YZh bjh Zh Yj cdgY YZ aV ;gVcXZ! eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVch YZh bjh Zh Y Y^ h Vjm b bd^gZh Yj igVkV^a# :aaZ bZi Zc k^YZcXZ XdbbZci! YVch XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ ]jbV^ch fj^ h¼Vgi^XjaZ | jcZ gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ aZh ]jbV^ch Zi aZh dW_Zih! ^a n V egdYjXi^dc YZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ a¼_Z[dj_j dWh# hWj_l[! Vj hZch YZ G^X¶jg# :i fj^ Zhi W^Zc VjigZ X]dhZ fjZ aZh VgiZ[VXih XjaijgZah! aZh [V^gZ"hZbWaVci dj aZh bZci^g"kgV^ fj¼dc kd^i | a¼¶jkgZ YVch jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ b Y^Vi^dch d aZh k^h^iZjgh hdci Xdck^ h | bZiigZ YZh XVhfjZh YZ X]Vci^Zg hjg aV i iZ! | eVgi^X^eZg XdbbZ h¼^ah iV^Zci YZh eZghdccV\Zh Yj g X^i fj^ Zhi b^h Zc eaVXZ eVg aV k^h^iZ \j^" Y Z# B^X] aZ <ZaaZgZVj bdcigZ XdbbZci! eVg aZ g X^i fj^ [dcYZ aV eVgdaZ Yj b Y^ViZjg Vj bdbZci YZ a¼VXXjZ^a YZh ejWa^Xh Zi YZ aV k^h^iZ \j^Y Z! Zi eVg aV [dgbZ Y^Vad\^fjZ fj^ h¼Zchj^i YVch aV gZcXdcigZ Zi aZh X]Vc\Zh VkZX aZh k^h^iZjgh! aZ ejWa^X c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci YZhi^cV" iV^gZ YZ a¼d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ Zi YZ a¼VXiZ YZ aVc\V\Z fj¼Zhi idjiZ b Y^Vi^dc! bV^h eVgi^X^eZ | aV XdchigjXi^dc Yj aVc\V\Z Xdbbjc Y¼jcZ Xdbbj" cVji iZbedgV^gZ# 8¼Zhi a¼ZmegZhh^dc YZ XZ fj^ h¼Zhi eVhh | XZ bdbZci" a| ZcigZ aZ \gdjeZ YZ k^h^iZjgh Zi aZ \j^YZ fj^ Zhi a¼ bVcVi^dc k^kVciZ Yj bjh Z Zi aZ i bd^c Y¼jc bdcYZ! hd^i Y^gZXiZbZci! hd^i eVgXZ fj¼^a Zc V Veeg^h aZh \ZhiZh# 6j"YZa| YZ XZ fj^ Zhi \ c gVaZbZci ViiZcYj YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc YZh [dgbZh YZ igVchb^hh^dc dj Y¼Veegdeg^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ ! B^X] aZ <Za" aZgZVj eZgbZi YZ XdbegZcYgZ aZh bVc^ gZh Ydci aZh hj_Zih eZjkZci ^chXg^gZ aZjgh \WXh_YWj_edi Ykbjkh[bb[i! Vj hZch YZ 8ZgiZVj! Vj bdbZci d ^ah hdci YVch jc bjh Z# 8Zh [VWg^XVi^dch XjaijgZaaZh hZ [dci | eVgi^g YZh dW_Zih! | egdedh YZh dW_Zih! YVch a¼ZheVXZ"iZbeh YZ aV k^h^iZ! Zi eVg" i^X^eZci | a¼ aVWdgVi^dc YZ a¼^YZci^i cVggVi^kZ# AZ Y^Vad\jZ fj^ h¼^ch" iVjgZ! Zi fj^ Zhi idj_djgh hdj]V^i eVg aZ ejWa^X! ZcigZ aZ \j^YZ Zi aZh k^h^iZjgh! Zc djigZ! Zhi eZji" igZ jcZ YZh gVgZh h^ijVi^dch d Zm^hiZ jcZ ^chiVcXZ YZ Y WVi Vj hZ^c Yj bjh Z# Cdc eVh jc Y WVi Y¼ZmeZgih dj edjg ZmeZgih! jc X]Vc\Z Y¼de^c^dch! bV^h jcZ [dgbZ Y^Vad\^fjZ d X]VXjc eZji ^chXg^gZ aZ hZch YZ hV k^h^iZ! Zi Zmeg^bZg XZ fj^ Zhi | a¼¶j" kgZ X]Zo idji k^h^iZjg / aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ Y¼jcZ VXi^k^i ^ciZgeg iVi^kZ# &.'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

AZh XdbbjcVji h ^ck^h^WaZh! dj aV b Y^Vi^dc Zc g h^hiVcXZ EVg XZiiZ ZmegZhh^dc! _Z Y h^\cZ jcZ X]ZaaZ eVgi^Xja^ gZ YZ egd_Zih Vj hZ^c YZ a¼VXi^k^i YZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh! fj^ h¼VYgZhhZci | YZh edejaVi^dch h^ ad^\c Zh YZ a¼d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ fj¼ZaaZh hdci eVg[d^h fjV" a^Ä Zh YZ ® cdc"ejWa^Xh ¯# ?Z b¼Veej^ZgV^ hjg jcZ gZX]ZgX]Z g Va^h Z YVch aZ XVYgZ Y¼jcZ ijYZ XdbbVcY Z eVg a¼6\ZcXZ cVi^dcVaZ YZ ajiiZ XdcigZ a¼^aaZiig^hbZ hjg a¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci YZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah YVch YZh egd_Zih eVgiV\ h VkZX YZh VXiZjgh Yj X]Vbe hdX^Va Zi Yj X]Vbe YZ aV [dgbVi^dc! Zi g XZbbZci ejWa^ Z,# A¼^aaZiig^hbZ Zhi jcZ [dgbZ YZ Y^[" ÄXjai VkZX a¼ Xg^ijgZ Zi aV aZXijgZ fj^ XdcXZgcZ . YZ aV edejaVi^dc [gVc V^hZ VYjaiZ hZadc aZh X]^[[gZh YZh YZgc^ gZh Zcfj iZh hiVi^hi^fjZh# >a h¼V\^i YZ edejaVi^dch fj^ XjbjaZci idjiZh hdgiZh YZ [VXiZjgh Y¼ZmXaj" h^dch XjaijgZaaZh! hdX^VaZh Zi Xdcdb^fjZh# Cdjh Vk^dch YVch jc egZb^Zg iZbeh edhija fjZ aZh W^Wa^di] fjZh iV^Zci aZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh aZh eajh ^ckZhi^Zh YVch aZh VXi^dch Y¼VXXjZ^a Zi Y¼VXXdbeV\cZbZci YZ XZh edejaVi^dch! Zc cdjh [dcYVci hjg aZ edhijaVi Y¼jcZ Y¼]dbdad\^Z ZcigZ a¼dW_Zi b bZ YZh Y^[ÄXjai h k XjZh eVg aZh eZghdccZh Zi aZ ineZ Y¼dW_Zi XjaijgZa eg hZci YVch aZh W^Wa^di] fjZh# A¼Zcfj iZ YZ iZggV^c cdjh V eZgb^h YZ XdcXajgZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh hdci Zc [V^i aZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh aZh eajh ^ckZhi^Zh-! Vjm YZjm hZch Yj iZgbZ / ^ckZhi^Zh Zc iVci fj¼VXiZjgh XjaijgZah eg hZcih hjg aZjg iZgg^id^gZ! Zi ^ckZhi^Zh eVg aV YZbVcYZ YZh VXiZjgh hdX^Vjm Zi Yj" XVi^[h# A¼VcX^ZccZi YZh fj^eZh YZ b Y^ViZjgh Zi a¼Zm^hiZcXZ YZ hZgk^" XZh XjaijgZah YVch aZh bjh Zh! ]VW^ij h | VaaZg | aV gZcXdcigZ Y¼VjigZh bdcYZh egd[Zhh^dccZah Zi hdX^Vjm! Zmea^fjZci Zc eVgi^Z XZ XdchiVi# AV YZbVcYZ hdX^VaZ eZji Vjhh^ igZ kdfj Z! aZh YjXViZjgh eaV Vci aZ bjh Z Vj hdbbZi YZ aV ® ]VjiZ XjaijgZ ¯ | aVfjZaaZ X]VXjc Yd^i Vkd^g Ygd^i# Dc eZji n V_djiZg aV Y^kZgh^i YZh dW_Zih eg hZci h! V^ch^ fjZ aZ aVc\V\Z YZ a¼^bV\Z Xdch^Y g XdbbZ jc^kZghZa eVg aZh VXiZjgh hdX^Vjm Zi aZh [dgbViZjgh# Cdjh Vkdch ZcÄc kj fjZ aZ egdX Y YZ b^hZ Zc Zmed" h^i^dc Zhi jc c[Z_kc ea W^hX^i eVg aZh VXiZjgh hdX^Vjm! XVg ^a eZgbZi idjiZh hdgiZh YZ egVi^fjZh | aV [d^h _d i_jk Zi YZ bVc^ gZ Y^[[ g Z! YVch aZ iZbeh b bZ YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ Zhi] i^fjZ Vj hZch inbdad\^fjZ Yj iZgbZ Zi YVch aZ iZbeh d XZiiZ Zme g^ZcXZ hZgi YZ hjeedgi | idjiZh hdgiZh Y¼ X]Vc\Zh Zi YZ egVi^fjZh# EVgVYdmVaZbZci! cdjh Vkdch XdchiVi fjZ XZh VXi^dch XjaijgZa" aZh hdci eZj Xdbbjc^fj Zh! | eZ^cZ gZkZcY^fj Zh eVg aV ]^ gVgX]^Z YZh bjh Zh XdcXZgc h! Zi bV^ciZcjZh YVch jc ZheVXZ YZ XdcÄcZbZci eVg XZjm"a| b bZh fj^ hZ eaV^\cZci aZ eajh YZ kd^g aZjg VXi^dc b eg^" h Z / aZh b Y^ViZjgh XjaijgZah# ?¼V^ Zj a¼dXXVh^dc Y¼VcVanhZg edjgfjd^ aZh b Y^ViZjgh hdci Zc eVgi^Z gZhedchVWaZh YZ XZiiZ gZa \Vi^dc YZ aZjg '/)

,# BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm! BVgi^cZ 7jg\dh!

8]g^hi^Vc <j^cX]VgY! 7Yj_ed Ykbjkh[bb[ [j bkjj[ Yedjh[ bÊ_bb[jjh_ic[! AV Idjg Y¼6^\jZh! wY^i^dch YZ a¼6jWZ! '%%*# -# 9j bd^ch YVch aZh igd^h iZgg^id^gZh XdcXZgc h eVg aV gZX]ZgX]Z / aZ Y eVgiZbZci YZ a¼6^c Zi aZh k^aaZh YZ GdjWV^m Zi YZ CVcXn#

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

VXi^k^i ! XVg ^ah _j\Zci fjZ XZgiV^ch ejWa^Xh hdci igde [gV\^aZh Zi [VX^aZh | hi^\bVi^hZg eVg aZh VXi^dch XjaijgZaaZh fj^ aZh bZiigV^Zci Zc kVaZjg# AZ bVa]Zjg hdX^Va fj^ [gVeeZ XZh eZghdccZh fj¼^ah VXXjZ^aaZci! Ydci ^ah eVgaZci Zc YZh iZgbZh bdi^dccZah fj^ VeeVgi^ZccZci Vj gZ\^higZ YZ aV Y cdcX^Vi^dc Yj hXVcYVaZ YZh ® cdc"ejWa^Xh ¯.! Zc [dci jc a bZci ZhhZci^Za YZ aZjg higVi \^Z YZ Y^hi^cXi^dc Vj hZ^c YZ a¼dg\Vc^hVi^dc ]^ " gVgX]^fjZ Yj bjh Z fj^ aZh eaVXZ eaji i Zc WVh YZ a¼ X]ZaaZ | YZ cdb" WgZjm \VgYh hiVijih! hVaV^gZh! WjY\Zi Y^hedc^WaZ! gZXdccV^hhVcXZ! ZiX# # AZjg ^ckZhi^hhZbZci Zhi YdcX Vjhh^ iZcVXZ fj¼^a V ^ci g i | gZhiZg Y^h" XgZi# AZh bjh Zh hdci eVg[d^h eaZ^ch YZ XZh XdbbjcVji h ^ck^h^WaZh! YZ XZh g hZVjm YZ Xdde gVi^dc hda^YZh! YjgVWaZh Zi fj^ cZ XZhhZci YZ h¼Zc" g^X]^g ej^hfj¼jc igVkV^a VkZX YZh edejaVi^dch ^aaZiig Zh! X¼Zhi idj_djgh jc igVkV^a YZh VhhdX^Vi^dch Zi YZh gZaV^h fj^ Zjm"b bZh kdci eZgbZiigZ YZ igVkV^aaZg V^aaZjgh! VkZX Y¼VjigZh ineZh YZ edejaVi^dch# A¼^c_dcXi^dc eda^i^fjZ | aV gZhedchVW^a^i hdX^VaZ YZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh XdcYj^i aZh b Y^ViZjgh YZh bjh Zh | aV gZX]ZgX]Z YZ iZgg^" id^gZh Y¼VXi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! fj^ hdci aZ eajh hdjkZci YZh iZgg^id^gZh hnb" Wda^fjZh! gZaVi^kZbZci igVc\Zgh | a¼V^gZ YZ gVndccZbZci Yj bjh Z! Zi gZXdbedh h | eVgi^g YZ g hZVjm ]jbV^ch Zi hdX^Vjm fj^ i^hhZci YZh ® id^aZh ¯ gZaVi^dccZaaZh YVch aZhfjZaaZh aZ bjh Z [V^i a¼dW_Zi Y¼jc [dgi ^ckZhi^hhZbZci#

.# Hjg a¼dg^\^cZ Yj hXVcYVaZ Yj cdc"ejWa^X! kd^g aV Xdcig^Wji^dc YZ HVW^cZ AVXZgZcoV! ® A¼ bZg\ZcXZ Yj cdc"ejWa^X XdbbZ egdWa bZ ejWa^X ¯ _d EVhXVaZ 6cXZa! 6aV^c EZhh^c Y^g# ! B[i ded# fkXb_Yi 0 b[i Whji [d h Y[fj_ed! EVg^h!

A¼=VgbViiVc Xdaa# Ad\^fjZh hdX^VaZh ! '%%)# &%# ® wYjXVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ Zi Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa / aV [dgbVi^dc YZh eVig^bdc^iZjgh Zc 6[g^fjZ hjWhV]Vg^ZccZ ¯! _d BÊEXi[hlWje_h[ P(&R! ]^kZg '%%,# &&# A¼wXdaZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ V[g^XV^c Zhi jc iVWa^hhZbZci he X^Va^h YVch aV XdchZgkVi^dc Zi aV b Y^Vi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa iVc\^WaZ Zi ^ciVc\^WaZ# :aaZ egdedhZ | '+ eVnh Y¼6[g^fjZ hjWhV]Vg^ZccZ [gVcXde]dcZ YZ [dgbZg YZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZ aV XdchZgkVi^dc Zi YZ aV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa# &'# Jc^kZgh^i Y¼6^m" BVghZ^aaZ >! Y eVgiZbZci B Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ#

8Z fjZ aZ iZgg^id^gZ [V^i Vj bjh Z ?Z iZgb^cZgV^ Wg^ kZbZci eVg jcZ Zme g^ZcXZ VXijZaaZbZci bZc Z Zc 6[g^fjZ hjWhV]Vg^ZccZ&% hdjh a¼ \^YZ YZ a¼wXdaZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ V[g^" XV^c&&# 9Vch XZh eVnh! a¼Zm^hiZcXZ YZ b Y^ViZjgh Ydi h YZ Xdbe iZc" XZh he X^ÄfjZh Zhi Xdch^Y g Z XdbbZ jc ajmZ! iVci aZh bjh Zh V[g^" XV^ch hdci Zc WZhd^c YZ WjY\Zih Zi Y¼^ckZhi^hhZbZcih ejWa^Xh edjg YZh Y eZchZh YZ egZb^ gZ c XZhh^i # AV b Y^Vi^dc c¼n Zhi eVh edjg VjiVci Xdch^Y g Z XdbbZ jcZ [dcXi^dc hZXdcYZ! ZaaZ eVgi^X^eZ Vj XdcigV^gZ Vj Y kZadeeZbZci adXVa Vjhh^ W^Zc fj¼Vj Y kZadeeZbZci Yj bjh Z hjg hdc iZgg^id^gZ# 9Vch aZ XVYgZ Y¼jcZ Xdde gVi^dc Y XZcigVa^h Z VkZX jcZ jc^kZgh^i [gVc V^hZ Ydci jc Y eVgiZbZci h¼Zhi he X^Va^h YVch aV [dgbVi^dc | aV b Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ &'! a¼:eV V b^h Zc eaVXZ jcZ [dgbVi^dc YZ eZghdccZah fj^ iV^Zci VjigZ[d^h VeeZa h ® Vc^bViZjgh ¯! Zi fj^ hdci Y hdgbV^h fjVa^Ä h YZ ® eVig^bdc^iZjgh ¯# 8ZiiZ Y cdb^cVi^dc gZc" kd^Z | jc Yedj_dkkc YZ Xdbe iZcXZh egd[Zhh^dccZaaZh fj^ kV Yj igVkV^a hX^Zci^ÄfjZ _jhfj¼Vj igVkV^a VkZX aZh edejaVi^dch! n Xdbeg^h aZ igVkV^a Y¼VgeZciZjg Yj iZgg^id^gZ# 8¼Zhi jcZ cdjkZaaZ [dgbjaVi^dc Yj b i^Zg YZ b Y^ViZjg XjaijgZa! fj^ hZ Y^hi^c\jZ | aV [d^h Yj XdchZgkViZjg" &.)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

b Y^ViZjg fj^ Zhi b Y^ViZjg YVch aV bZhjgZ d aZ gZXjZ^a YZh dW_Zih bVi g^Zah Zi ^bbVi g^Zah! a¼VcVanhZ Zi aV b^hZ Zc Zmedh^i^dc [djgc^h" hZci | jcZ edejaVi^dc aZh dW_Zih! aZh a^Zjm Zi aZh dji^ah edjg fjZ XZaaZ"X^ ej^hhZ ZmZgXZg hjg ZaaZ"b bZ Zi hjg hdc iZgg^id^gZ jcZ VXi^k^i g ÅZm^kZ Zi Yj Y^gZXiZjg YZ ® eZi^i bjh Z ¯! fj^ XjbjaZ! eVg c XZhh^i ! YZ cdb" WgZjhZh i}X]Zh# AZ b i^Zg YZ eVig^bdc^iZjg c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci Y Äc^ eVg aV e cjg^Z YZ eZghdccZa! ^a egdX YZ eaji i Y¼jcZ VcVanhZ YZh bjiV" i^dch Yj iZgg^id^gZ! Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg YZh bjiVi^dch YZ aV k^aaZ V[g^XV^cZ# AZh X]d^m Y¼Vb cV\ZbZci YZh ZheVXZh jgWV^ch eg^k h Zi ejWa^Xh cZ egZccZci eVh Zc XdbeiZ aZh WZhd^ch Y¼ZheVXZh YZ gZcXdcigZ! YZ _Zj! YZ hdX^VW^a^i # 8Zh ZheVXZh! Xdjgh YZ bV^hdch! eZi^iZh eaVXZh YZ fjVgi^Zgh! Y^heVgV^hhZci gVe^YZbZci# AZh bjh Zh V[g^XV^ch! ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci [g " fjZci h eVg YZ gVgZh idjg^hiZh! Zi ^\cdg h Zc \gVcYZ eVgi^Z eVg aZh edej" aVi^dch XdcXZgc Zh eVg aZ eVig^bd^cZ fj^ n Zhi hVjkZ\VgY ! dci | ^ckZh" i^g jc ZheVXZ hdX^Va YVch aZfjZa hZ Y ead^Z a¼VXi^dc YZh eVig^bdc^iZjgh# AZjg dW_Zi YZ igVkV^a Zhi cdc hZjaZbZci a¼ZchZbWaZ [dgb eVg aZh Xda" aZXi^dch Yj bjh Z! bV^h Vjhh^ a¼ZheVXZ jgWV^c! aZ a^Zc ZcigZ igVY^i^dc Zi bdYZgc^i ! a¼ kdaji^dc YZh bdYZh YZ hdX^VW^a^i Zi YZh egdXZhhjh YZ [VWg^XVi^dc hnbWda^fjZ# E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi BZgX^ ^cÄc^bZci# Edjg aZ YZgc^Zg bdbZci YZ XZi ViZa^Zg! _Z eVhhZ aV eVgdaZ! cdc hVch eaV^h^g! | EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c# Cdjh Vkdch! YVch aZh eg X YZciZh h Vc" XZh YZ igVkV^a! Y^i fjZ aZh XVi \dg^Zh ajh Zi egd[Zhh^dccZah c¼ iV^Zci eVh idj_djgh iVcX]Zh Zi fjZ YVch XZgiV^ch XVh ^a n VkV^i YZh eVhhV\Zh ZcigZ a¼jcZ Zi a¼VjigZ 0 _Z Xgd^h fj¼VkZX EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c cdjh Vkdch jc VhhZo WZa ZmZbeaZ YZ XZiiZ Xdci^cj^i YZh Zme g^ZcXZh edhh^WaZh Vj hZgk^XZ YZ aV XjaijgZ# waj i bd^c / EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c BV^gZ"VY_d^ci YZ aV k^aaZ YZ Andc! Y a \j | aV 8jaijgZ Zi Vj EVig^bd^cZ

Dj^# HVj[ fjZ _Z c¼V^ _VbV^h Y^g^\ jc bjh Z Zi fjZ V gZhiZgV jc YZh \gVcYh gZ\gZih YZ bV k^Z eVgXZ fj¼^a Zhi bV^ciZcVci igde iVgY# 9dcX aV edgdh^i V hZh a^b^iZh# EVgadch YZh ® eVig^bdc^iZjgh ¯# ?Z eZchV^h! BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ! fjZ kdjh Vjg^Zo ej eVgaZg Vjhh^ YZh ® eVig^bdc^ig^XZh ¯ eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi eZji" igZ Vjhh^ fjZafjZ X]dhZ · bV^h XZ c¼Zhi eVh a|"YZhhjh fjZ _Z kdj" YgV^h aVcXZg aZ Y WVi · hjg aZfjZa ^a [VjYgV^i gZWdcY^g! X¼Zhi Vjhh^ YVch aZh bjh Zh aV g eVgi^i^dc hZmj Z YZh egd[Zhh^dch fj¼^a hZgV^i ^ci gZhhVci Y¼^ciZggd\Zg# BV^h X¼Zhi jc VjigZ Y WVi# '/+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

?¼V^ Xdji VkZX WZVjXdje Y¼^ci g i aZh igd^h Zmedh h fj^ dci i [V^ih# ?Z kdjYgV^h XdbbZcXZg eZji" igZ eVg · gZWdcY^hhVci hjg XZ fj¼V Y^i BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm · hj^kgZ hjg aV fjZhi^dc Yj eVgV" YdmZ Yj bjh Z! n Xdbeg^h edjg aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i W^Zc k^YZbbZci# 8¼Zhi ZcXdgZ eajh k^YZci edjg aZ bjh Z YZh WZVjm"Vgih! bV^h V a¼Zhi ZcXdgZ Vjhh^ edjg aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i fj^ Zhi fjZ XZ bjh Z Zhi ZcXdgZ jc a^Zj Y¼ZmigV"iZgg^idg^Va^i # AZ bjh Z X¼Zhi jc a^Zj YZ aV hdjhigVX" i^dc# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ fjZ c¼ZcigZci Vj bjh Z! hVj[ X]Zo ?VXfjZh =V^cVgY | CZjX]}iZa · bV^h X¼Zhi jc XVh idji | [V^i eVgi^Xja^Zg ·! fjZ YZh dW_Zih fj^ c¼dci eajh YZ [dcXi^dccVa^i ! YZh dW_Zih fj^ hdci Y cj h Y¼jhV\Z# ?Z Xgd^h fjZ XZ hdci aZh XVgVXi g^hi^fjZh YZ a¼dW_Zi eVig^bdc^Va! fjZ X¼Zhi jc dW_Zi! fj¼^a h¼V\^hhZ YZ a¼dW_Zi eVig^bdc^Va Vj hZch XaVhh^fjZ Yj iZgbZ · BdcjbZci ]^hidg^fjZ eVg ZmZbeaZ · dj W^Zc YZ a¼dW_Zi bjh Va! X¼Zhi jc dW_Zi hVch jhV\Z Zi YdcX X¼Zhi jc dW_Zi fjZafjZ eVgi hdjhigV^i | aV hdX^ i # AZ bjh Z dg\Vc^hZ k^YZbbZci aV XdaaZXiZ YZ XZh dW_Zih hdjhigV^ih! YZ XZh dW_Zih Y hjZih Vj hZch egZhfjZ inbdad" \^fjZ Yj bdi Y hjZi# AZ bjh Z! X¼Zhi aZ a^Zj Yj gZigV^i Zi _¼V^ egZhfjZ Zck^Z YZ Y^gZ fjZ X¼Zhi aZ a^Zj YZ aV gZigV^iZ Yj bdcYZ# 8Z c¼Zhi eVh YVch jc bjh Z fj^ Zhi jc VcX^Zc XdjkZci YZ k^h^iVcY^cZh! _Z Xgd^h! fjZ a¼dc edjggV^i Y^gZ VjigZ X]dhZ# 9¼V^aaZjgh kdjh hVkZo W^Zc fjZ YVch aV c \dX^Vi^dc jai^bZ YZ ;gVc d^h YZ HVaZh VkZX aZ eVeZ Zi a¼VgX]Zk fjZ YZ Andc | a¼ edfjZ! bdchZ^\cZjg YZ BVgfjZbdci! hjg aZh Xdchi^ij" i^dch ÄcVaZh YZ aV K^h^iVi^dc! XZ fj¼^a kdjaV^i ^cigdYj^gZ · aZ [V^i fjZ aZh k^h^iVcY^cZh ej^hhZci hdgi^g · V i gZ[jh | a¼dXXVh^dc YZ a¼^beaVc" iVi^dc Yj YZjm^ bZ XdjkZci# EVgYdccZo"cdjh XZi [nYkhiki Y¼]^hid^gZ gZa^\^ZjhZ# AZ bjh Z X¼Zhi aV gZigV^iZ Yj bdcYZ# wk^YZbbZci _Z XdbbZcXZ eVg jc eVgVYdmZ eVgXZ fjZ idji kdigZ egdedh! idji aZ Y WVi Zhi fjZ aZ bjh Z kV iZciZg YZ g ZcX]VciZg aZ bdcYZ# G iVWa^g _jhiZbZci jc a^Zc ZcigZ XZh dW_Zih fj^! edjg YZh gV^hdch ]^hidg^fjZh! Zi]cdad\^fjZh! egVi^fjZh! XjaijgZaaZh Vj hZch Vci]gdedad\^fjZ Yj iZgbZ! hdci Y hdg" bV^h Y cj h YZ idji jhV\Z Zi fj^ kdci gZigdjkZg jc VjigZ ineZ YZ gZaV" i^dc VkZX aV edejaVi^dc Zi fjZ aV edejaVi^dc ZaaZ"b bZ kV igZ VeeZa Z Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc | h¼^chXg^gZ YVch XZ YdjWaZ bdjkZbZci YZ Y e i!

YdcX YZ gZigV^i bV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh YZ g Xje gVi^dc! YZ gZkVadg^hV" i^dc# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji eaVXZg idjiZ g ÅZm^dc hjg aZ bjh Z! Zi eVgi^Xj" a^ gZbZci hjg aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ! YVch XZ eVgVYdmZ# H^ dc c¼VXXZeiZ eVh XZ eVgVYdmZ edjg YZh eg hjeedh h ^Y dad\^fjZh! dc bVcfjZ fjZa" fjZ X]dhZ YZ ig h ^bedgiVci# Kdjh Y^h^Zo BVYVbZ · X¼Zhi jcZ ig h WZaaZ [dgbjaZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Zbeadn Z! BVYVbZ =V^YVgV · kdjh Y^h^Zo | jc bdbZci / ® Deki iecc[i ^ehi Z[ deki#c c[i$ ¯ ?¼V^ cdi XZiiZ e]gVhZ &.+

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

fj^ _Z Xgd^h Zhi ig h WZaaZ# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼ZaaZ Zmeg^bZ ig h egd[dcY bZci YVch XZ eVgVYdmZ! YVch XZiiZ XdcigVY^Xi^dc! a¼}bZ Yj bjh Z# AZ bjh Z X¼Zhi fjZafjZ eVgi Zi X¼Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ cdjh b cZ ]dgh YZ cdjh" b bZh# BV^h d Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc cdjh kdjadch g Xje gZg jcZ eVgi^Z YZ cdigZ ^YZci^i eZgYjZ! X¼Zhi edjg XZaV fjZ _¼ZbeadnV^h XZiiZ ZmegZhh^dc YZ g ZcX]VciZbZci Yj bdcYZ# >a n V YVch XZiiZ Y bVgX]Z k^YZbbZci Vjidjg YZ a¼^YZci^i · fj^ c¼V g^Zc | kd^g VkZX a¼jhV\Z [gZ" aVi fj¼dc Zc V [V^i g XZbbZci · ^a n V YVch XZiiZ Y bVgX]Z Vjidjg Yj i] bZ YZ a¼^YZci^i fjZafjZ X]dhZ YZ ig h egd[dcY eVgXZ fj¼ k^YZb" bZci a¼^YZci^i Yj bjh Z · V V i Y kZadee eVg BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm Zi eVg bdc Xdaa \jZ e^ bdciV^h · X¼Zhi jcZ ^YZci^i Yj eVg" iV\Z! XZ c¼Zhi k^YZbbZci eVh jcZ ^YZci^i Yj gZ[djaZbZci! jcZ ^YZc" i^i YZ aV h \g \Vi^dc# 8¼Zhi jcZ ^YZci^i bjai^eaZ! X¼Zhi jcZ ^YZci^i eajg^ZaaZ# Kd^a| aV egZb^ gZ gZbVgfjZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h [V^gZ | aV [d^h Zc [dcXi^dc YZ XZ fjZ _¼V^ ZciZcYj Zi ej^h YZ XZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h Y^gZ# AV YZjm^ bZ gZbVgfjZ X¼Zhi fjZ XZiiZ fjZhi^dc Vj [dcY c¼Zhi eVh cdjkZaaZ# Ej^hfjZ ]^hidg^fjZbZci ZaaZ Zhi edh Z Y h a¼dg^\^cZ YZh bjh Zh# AZ egZb^Zg Zi]cdad\jZ [gVc V^h! X¼Zhi FjVigZb gZ YZ Fj^cXn# 6cid^cZ 8]gnhdhidbZ FjVigZb gZ YZ Fj^cXn fj^! adghfj¼^a eVgi^X^eZ | XZ \gVcY bdjkZbZci YZ XdciZhiVi^dc eVg aZfjZa aV G ejWa^fjZ [V^i kZc^g YZh ¶jkgZh Y¼Vgi Y¼>iVa^Z! YZ ;aVcYgZh dj Y¼6aaZbV\cZ bV^h Zc a¼dXXjggZcXZ hjgidji Y¼>iVa^Z! ejWa^Z jc ig h WZVj iZmiZ! B[i B[jjh[i } C_hWdZW" YVch aZfjZa ^a Y cdcXZ XZiiZ Y XdciZmijVa^hVi^dc YZh dW_Zih fj^ kdci igZ idiVaZbZci Y cj h · fjZ a¼dc gVb cZ YZ KZc^hZ! YZ GdbZ dj YZ ;adgZcXZ · fj^ kdci igZ idiVaZbZci Y cj h YZ hZch Zi fj^ kdci gZ_d^cYgZ XZh Zhe XZh YZ [gd^Yh h ejaXgZh fjZ hdci aZh bjh Zh# AV Xg^i^" fjZ YZh bjh Zh hjg XZ eaVc"a| cV i | a¼dg^\^cZ b bZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh# A| ZcXdgZ X¼Zhi fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj¼^a cdjh [Vji ^ciZggd\Zg# 6adgh W^Zc k^YZbbZci ^a n V YVch aV Y bVgX]Z YZ FjVigZb gZ YZ Fj^cXn fjZafjZ X]dhZ Y¼VhhZo a^i^hiZ eVgXZ fj¼Vj [dcY ^a V fjZafjZ eVgi aV cdhiVa\^Z Yj \gVcY idjg! Yj g^X]Z 6c\aV^h [dgijc fj^ aj^ eZji VaaZg kd^g aZh dW_Zih | KZc^hZ! GdbZ dj ;adgZcXZ# FjVci Vj eVjkgZ Andc" cV^h dj <gZcdWad^h! ^a eZji idj_djgh ViiZcYgZ VkVci YZ kd^g aZh ig hdgh YZ a¼6ci^fj^i dj aZh ig hdgh Y¼VjigZh eVnh# 8Z Y WVi! cdjh a¼Vkdch Zj g XZbbZci Zc ;gVcXZ Vjhh^ | egdedh Yj bjh Z YZh 6gih egZb^Zgh · _Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ kdjh VkZo VWdgY XZiiZ fjZhi^dc bV^h X¼Zhi k^YZbbZci! a| ZcXdgZ! Y XaZcX]Zjg YZ eg hjeedh h ^Y dad\^fjZh! jcZ fjZhi^dc [dcYVbZciVaZ YZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV Y XdciZmijVa^hVi^dc YZ a¼dW_Zi Zi b bZ Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc YZ hdc Veegdeg^Vi^dc! Va^ cVi^dc hjeg bZ dj jai^bZ VkViVg YZ aV Xdadc^hVi^dc eVg a¼VcX^ZccZ ej^hhVcXZ Xdadc^VaZ fj^ Zc [V^i aZ a^Zj Y¼jc bjh Z# BV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh · eVgVYdmZ · aZ '/-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

a^Zj YZ aV Y XdjkZgiZ ^ciZaa^\ZciZ! hVkVciZ! hZch^WaZ Y¼VjigZh X^k^a^hV" i^dch! jc a^Zj fjZafjZ eVgi Y¼]jbVc^hbZ Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc! d dc eZji a^gZ Vjhh^ XZ bjh Z YZ XZiiZ [V dc"a|# Kd^a| jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ gZbVgfjZh YZ XVgVXi gZ \ c gVa bV^h fj^ bZ eVgV^hhZci ^bedgiVciZh# 9Zjm^ bZ \gdjeZ YZ gZbVgfjZh fjZ _Z kdjaV^h [V^gZ! X¼Zhi aV fjZh" i^dc Yj adXVa# 6adgh bdc Xdaa \jZ e^ bdciV^h h¼Zc Zhi hdgi^ eVg jc _Zj YZ bdih YZ `]}\cZjm ZcigZ aZ \adWVa Zi aZ adXVa! ^a n V aZ ® \adXVa ¯# ?Z cZ hV^h eVh XdbbZci V hZ Y^i Zc ^iVa^Zc ® \adXVa ¯° ?Z gZhiZ jc eZi^i eZj hjg bV [V^b! _Z kd^h XZ fjZ kdjh kdjaZo Y^gZ! X¼Zhi jcZ VeegdX]Z ^ci " gZhhVciZ eVgXZ fjZ aZ bjh Z iV^i k^YZbbZci jc a^Zj fj^ Zhi h^ij fjZafjZ eVgi! fj^ eg hZciZ jcZ XdaaZXi^dc! jc ZchZbWaZ YZ XdaaZXi^dch! fj^ dci jcZ ]^hid^gZ! jcZ dg^\^cZ a| ZcXdgZ h^ij Zh fjZafjZ eVgi Zi fj^ V jcZ kdXVi^dc | a¼jc^kZghZa ej^hfjZ idji jc X]VXjc Zhi Xdck^ | eVgiV\Zg Vj [dcY XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ fjZ cdjh eg hZciZ XZi dW_Zi# FjVcY aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h dg\Vc^hZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch hjg aV b bd^gZ YZ aV Xdb" bjcVji Va\ g^ZccZ dj YZ aV XdbbjcVji ^iVa^ZccZ dj YZ aV Xdbbj" cVji edadcV^hZ YZ <gZcdWaZ dj YZ a¼>h gZ! ^a k^hZ cdc eVh | Zc[ZgbZg XZh XdbbjcVji h YVch aZjg XdbbjcVjiVg^hbZ! YVch aZjg ^YZci^i ZmXajVciZ! bV^h ^a k^hZ Vj XdcigV^gZ | [V^gZ egZcYgZ XdchX^ZcXZ fj¼^a n V a| YZh ^YZci^i h eVgi^Xja^ gZh! he X^ÄfjZh! YVch aZhfjZaaZh ^a n V jcZ Y^bZch^dc YZ a¼jc^kZghZa# AV i}X]Z ZhhZci^ZaaZ Yj bjh Z Zhi k^YZb" bZci Y¼^chXg^gZ XZiiZ Y^bZch^dc h^c\ja^ gZ YVch jc aVc\V\Z jc^kZghZa! Y¼d YdjWaZ YZ XZaj^ YZ aV hX^ZcXZ! Yj hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! Yj Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^" ÄfjZ fj^! YVch aZ bjh Z · h^cdc ^a c¼n V eajh YZ bjh Z · eg hZciZ a¼dW" _Zi YdcX [dgX bZci YVch aV hX^ZcXZ · X¼Zhi b bZ XdchjWhiVci^Za | aV hX^ZcXZ ·!XZiiZ Y bVgX]Z jc^kZghZaaZ! Zi ej^h aZ Y^hXdjgh YZ aV b Y^V" i^dc Ydci V adc\jZbZci eVga BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm! fj^ aj^ Vjhh^ k^hZ | igZ fjZafjZ eVgi jc Y^hXdjgh YZ eVhhV\Z! YZ eVhhZjg# 6j [dcY! ^a Zhi YZjm ineZh YZ eVhhZjgh YVch aZ bjh Z! | bdc Vk^h Y¼ \VaZ gZhedc" hVW^a^i h^ _Z ej^h Y^gZ! Y¼ \VaZ Y^\c^i b bZ h^ aZh jch dj aZh jcZh hdj" kZci hdci hdjb^h | a¼Vjidg^i YZh jcZh dj YZh VjigZh# AV [dcXi^dc Yj eVhhZjg hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi aV [dcXi^dc Yj eVhhZjg YZ b Y^Vi^dc! _Z Xgd^h fjZ X¼Zhi Vjidjg YZ XZh YZjm [dcXi^dch fj¼^a [VjYgV hVch YdjiZ YZbV^c g dg\Vc^hZg aV ]^ gVgX]^Z Zi a¼dg\Vc^\gVbbZ YZ cdh bjh Zh# Cdidch fjVcY b bZ jc \gVcY egd\g h fj^ Zhi XZaj^ YZ aV ad^ hjg aZh bjh Zh YZ '%%%! fj^ V ^chXg^i d[ÄX^ZaaZbZci YVch aV ad^ edjg aV egZb^ gZ [d^h cdc hZjaZbZci aZ iZgbZ YZ eaV^h^g · X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ aV hZjaZ ad^ YZ aV G ej" Wa^fjZ d Ä\jgZ aZ bdi eaV^h^g · bV^h X¼Zhi Vjhh^ aV egZb^ gZ [d^h fjZ a¼dc gZXdccV^hhV^i XdbbZ XdchjWhiVci^Za | a¼^YZci^i Zi | aV Y cdb^" cVi^dc ® bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ ¯ XZiiZ cdi^dc YZ b Y^Vi^dc iZaaZ fj¼ZaaZ Zhi Zmeg^b Z YVch aV ad^# ?Z cZ eZchZ eVh fjZ aZ iZgbZ aj^"b bZ n hd^i bV^h &.-

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

X¼Zhi aZ iZgbZ YZh hZgk^XZh XjaijgZah! _Z cZ hV^h eVh h^ aZ iZgbZ b bZ YZ b Y^Vi^dc n Ä\jgZ! X¼Zhi hZgk^XZ XjaijgZa eZj ^bedgiZ# 8¼Zhi Y _| jc egd\g h# 9dcX XZiiZ fjZhi^dc Yj aVc\V\Z jc^kZghZa bZ hZbWaZ igZ jcZ WdccZ [V dc YZ g edcYgZ | aV fjZhi^dc Yj iZgg^id^gZ Zi YZ a¼djkZgijgZ Yj bjh Z! Zi YZ aV YdjWaZ [dcXi^dc YZ aV hX^ZcXZ Zi YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc# Igd^h^ bZ ZchZbWaZ YZ gZbVgfjZh fjZ _Z kdjaV^h [V^gZ / X¼Zhi aV fjZhi^dc Yj gZidjg Yj eda^i^fjZ# ?¼V^ i ig h [gVee adghfjZ _¼V^ i hdaa^X^i edjg eVgi^X^eZg | XZiiZ _djgc Z Zi k^YZbbZci Zc egZcVci XdccV^hhVcXZ YVch aZ Y iV^a YZ a¼dgYgZ Yj _djg! YZ aV eaVXZ fjZ kdjh Vk^Zo hdj]V^i YdccZg Vjm ajh! Vjm gZhedchVWaZh eda^i^fjZh YVch X]V" XjcZ YZ kdh iVWaZh gdcYZh# 6adgh X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ X¼Zhi hVch YdjiZ jc Z[[Zi ^bedgiVci Zi idji | [V^i cZj[ YVch a¼ kdaji^dc YZh bjh Zh Vj_djgY¼]j^# EZcYVci YZh Y XZcc^Zh kd^gZ YZh h^ XaZh · hVj[ | a¼dg^\^cZ · aZh eda^i^" fjZh hZ hdci Y h^ci gZhh h YZh bjh Zh# >ah aZh aV^hhV^Zci k^kgZ aZjgh k^Zh igVcfj^aaZbZci Zi aZh bjh Zh k^kV^Zci aZjgh k^Zh igVcfj^aaZbZci# ² eVgi^g Yj bdbZci d aV \gVcYZ g cdkVi^dc YZh bjh Zh! aZ \gVcY bdj" kZbZci Zc [VkZjg YZh bjh Zh h¼Zhi egdYj^i! YVch aZh Vcc Zh hd^mVciZ! Zc idji XVh Zc ;gVcXZ! aZ eda^i^fjZ hdaa^X^iV^i Y¼n ^ciZgkZc^g edjg aV Y eZchZ idji h^beaZbZci! a¼^ckZhi^hhZbZci! aV g cdkVi^dc! aV XdchigjX" i^dc! Zi Vj_djgY¼]j^ edjg aZ [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh bjh Zh# 8¼Zhi a| fj¼^a [Vji igZ k^\^aVci h^ _Z ej^h Y^gZ eVg gVeedgi Vj eda^i^" fjZ Zi eajh ZcXdgZ fjZ eVg gVeedgi Vj eda^i^fjZ eVg gVeedgi | aV iZX]" cdXgVi^Z iZgg^idg^VaZ# EVgXZ fjZ aZ Y^hXdjgh Yj eda^i^fjZ Zi aZ Y^hXdjgh Yj ]Vji [dcXi^dccV^gZ bjc^X^eVa! Y eVgiZbZciVa dj g \^dcVa! Zc idji XVh hjgidji bjc^X^eVa Zi Y eVgiZbZciVa ej^hfjZ aZh g \^dch \ gZci eZj YZ bjh Zh! eZji igZ jc eZj Y^kZg\Zci YZ XZaj^ Yj eda^i^fjZ# AZ ]Vji [dcXi^dccV^gZ adXVa kV gV^hdccZg k^YZbbZci Zc iZgbZh YZ Y eZchZh! YZ gZXZiiZh! YZ [g fjZciVi^dc! YZ X]Vg\Zh cZiiZh ^chXg^iZh Vj WjY\Zi YZ aV XdbbjcZ dj Yj Y eVgiZbZci# AZ eda^i^fjZ kV igZ YVkVciV\Z hZch^" WaZ | aV [d^h Vj gVndccZbZci Yj bjh Z XZgiZh! bV^h Vjhh^ | hdc ^chXg^e" i^dc YVch aZ iZgg^id^gZ# :i fjZa Zhi a| aZ g aZ Yj eda^i^fjZ 4 >a c¼Zhi k^" YZbbZci eVh YZ hZ hjWhi^ijZg c^ Vj hX^Zci^ÄfjZ c^ Vj b Y^ViZjg! ^a Zhi! YVch aZ Y^Vad\jZ! Y¼Vhh^\cZg jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼dW_ZXi^[h Vj bjh Z fj^ hd^Zci YZh dW_ZXi^[h YZ cVijgZ eda^i^fjZ! X¼Zhi b bZ hV gZhedchVW^" a^i egZb^ gZ# 8¼Zhi XZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch ZhhVn YZ [V^gZ | Andc Vj [dcY | igVkZgh jc YdXjbZci fj^ Zhi aV X]VgiZ YZ Xdde gVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! h^\c Z Zc _j^aaZi '%%)! fj^ Zc Zhi | hV igd^h^ bZ Vcc Z Y¼ZmZgX^XZ! d jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh YZ aV k^aaZ! Zi cdiVbbZci aZh bjh Zh! dci h^\c VkZX aZ bV^gZ! VkZX Vjhh^ aZ gZeg hZciVci YZ a¼wiVi Zi aZ gZeg hZciVci YZ aV g \^dc ej^hfjZ V h¼^chXg^kV^i YVch aZ Y^hedh^" i^[ eda^i^fjZ YZ aV k^aaZ · _¼n gZk^ZcYgV^ idji YZ hj^iZ Veg h · dci h^\c '//

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

jcZ X]VgiZ fj^ YZ [V dc c \dX^ Z ^bea^fjV^i jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼dW" _ZXi^[h Y¼^chXg^ei^dc iZgg^idg^VaZ YZ a¼VXi^dc Yj bjh Z# :i fjVcY _Z Y^h a¼VXi^dc Yj bjh Z! XZ c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci a¼VXi^dc Yj Bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ YZ aV k^aaZ YZ Andc fj^ Zhi Zc g cdkVi^dc · XdbbZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ Y¼ZcigZ kdjh aZ hVkZci · fj^ djkg^gV Y Äc^i^kZbZci a¼Vcc Z egdX]V^cZ! bV^h V XdcXZgcV^i Vjhh^ aZ bjh Z YZh 7ZVjm"6gih! aZ bjh Z Y¼6gi XdciZbedgV^c eVg ZmZbeaZ dj Y¼VjigZh ^chi^iji^dch eVig^bdc^VaZh YZ aV k^aaZ# :i X¼ iV^i jcZ [V dc edjg cdjh! YVch aZ Y^Vad\jZ! YZ cdjh ÄmZg YZh dW_ZXi^[h Zi YZ cdjh YdccZg YZh bdnZch YZ hj^kgZ Zi Y¼ kVajZg aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZ XZh dW_ZXi^[h# 8Vg aV fjZhi^dc Yj iZgg^id^gZ! ZaaZ c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci edh Z | a¼dg^\^cZ b bZ Yj bjh Z! YVch aV Xdchi^iji^dc!

YVch a¼Zcg^X]^hhZbZci YZ hZh XdaaZXi^dch! bV^h ZaaZ Zhi edh Z fjdi^Y^Zc" cZbZci YVch a¼VXi^dc b bZ Yj bjh Z# 8¼Zhi V^ch^ fjZ a¼dc kd^i | Andc Vjidjg Yj Bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ! aZ bjh Z <VYV\cZ! cV igZ aV cdi^dc YZ e aZh bjh Vjm VhhdX^ h! fj^ VkZX YZh VhhdX^Vi^dch Zi YZh eVgiZcV^gZh Zmi g^Zjgh | a¼^chi^iji^dc bjh VaZ eZgbZiiZci YZ cdjZg jcZ gZaVi^dc!

Y¼ZcigZegZcYgZ aV XdchigjXi^dc Y¼jc k g^iVWaZ g hZVj fj^ V kdXVi^dc fjZafjZ eVgi | [V^gZ Yj Bjh Z ]^hidg^fjZ ^X^! Y¼jc bjh Z Zi]cd\gV" e]^fjZ a|! Y¼jc bjh Z fj^ Vj [dcY hZgi eg X^h bZci | gZbea^g XZiiZ b^hh^dc YZ gZXdchi^iji^dc Yj a^Zc hdX^Va! YZ g ig^Wji^dc Zi Y¼ X]Vc\Z ZcigZ jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ iZgg^id^gZh dj jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ XVi " \dg^Zh YZ eZghdccZh YVch aV k^aaZ! Zi aZ bjh Z aj^"b bZ# 8¼Zhi W^Zc XZi VmZ"a| fj¼^a [Vji iZc^g eVgXZ fjZ cdjh Zcigdch YVch jcZ e g^dYZ d idji aZ bdcYZ XdbegZcY a¼jg\ZcXZ YZ XZ cdjkZVj edh^i^dccZbZci Yj bjh Z bV^h Zc b bZ iZbeh ^a cdjh [Vji egZcYgZ \VgYZ | a¼ kdaji^dc fj^ kV kZc^g hjg aZh bjh Zh# 8]VXjc V hj^k^ aZh Y WVih fj^ dci Zj a^Zj Vjidjg Y¼6Wdj 9]VW^ Zi YZ aV eda^i^fjZ ^c^i^ Z eVg a¼wiVi · _Z cZ kV^h eVh kdfjZg XZ Y WVi Vj_djgY¼]j^ bV^h dc V W^Zc kj fjVcY b bZ aZ g^hfjZ Y¼^chigjbZc" iVa^hVi^dc Yj bjh Z | YZh Äch idji VjigZh# >a n V eZj YZ X]VcXZh fjZ a¼dc egdedhZ Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Y¼VaaZg h¼^chiVaaZg Vj @dlZ i! _Z Xgd^h! aZh Zc_Zjm cZ hdci hVch YdjiZ eVh aZh b bZh! ]ZjgZjhZbZci! Y^i B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ# vV k^ZcYgV eZji" igZ! bV^h ^a [Vji igZ Zmig bZ" bZci k^\^aVci eVgXZ fjZ V eZji igZ jc e] cdb cZ YZ XdciVb^cVi^dc Zmig bZ · YVch aV bZhjgZ d X¼Zhi a¼wiVi! aZ b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Vj eajh ]Vji c^kZVj fj^ V Ydcc a¼ZmZbeaZ · Zi ^a cZ [VjYgV^i eVh fjZ aZh egdYj^ih Yj iZggd^g YZk^ZccZci YZbV^c aZh egdYj^ih Yj i^gd^g h^ _Z ej^h Y^gZ# EVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi aV iZciVi^dc# Cdjh hVkdch idjh fjZ a¼Z[[dgi YZ Xdck^Xi^dc [V^i eVg aZh jch Zi eVg aZh VjigZh edjg Xg Zg YZh bjh Zh! VbZcZg aZh Y eVgiZbZcih YVch aZh eZi^iZh XdbbjcZh gjgVaZh Zc eVgi^" Xja^Zg dj b bZ YZh k^aaZh | Xg Zg YZh bjh Zh! aZh Z[[Zih Xdcdb^fjZh! '%%

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å jWXb[ hedZ[

aZh gZidbW Zh! aZ idjg^hbZ! ZiX# Zi idji XZaV Zhi idji | [V^i a \^i^bZ · V [V^i eVgi^Z YZh b^hh^dch ]^hidg^fjZh Yj bjh Z · _Z Xgd^h fj¼^a [Vji k^" YZbbZci gZhiZg k^\^aVci YVch a¼^chigjbZciVa^hVi^dc YZh bjh Zh# Kd^a| XZ fjZ _Z kdjaV^h Y^gZ | aV [d^h Zc VnVci Xdji XZ fj^ h¼Zhi Y^i Zi ej^h | eVgi^g YZ bV egdegZ Zme g^ZcXZ# ?Z kdjYgV^h g edcYgZ | BVYVbZ =V^" YVgV Zi | hdc VeeZa ^ch^hiVci · bV^h _Z cZ hj^h ^X^ fj¼jc ^ck^i ! _Z hj^h Zc ZmigV"iZgg^idg^Va^i h^ _Z ej^h Y^gZ! _Z k^Zch Y¼jcZ eZi^iZ k^aaZ kd^h^cZ · Zi cdjh hdbbZh Y _| Zc\V\ h | Andc Zi YVch aV XdbbjcVji jgWV^cZ YZ Andc Zc eVgiZcVg^Vi VkZX Edgid"Cdkd# Cdjh igVkV^aadch Vjidjg YZ aV k^aaZ VcX^ZccZ YZ Edgid"Cdkd! _¼Zhe gZ fjZ cdjh VWdji^gdch! YdcX _Z hdj]V^iZ k^kZbZci fjZ aZ Y eVgiZbZci YZ a¼>h gZ Zi aV k^aaZ YZ <gZ" cdWaZ aZ XVh X] Vci ej^hhZ igVkV^aaZg VkZX aZ C^\Zg Zi VkZX aZ egd_Zi YZ LVcoZgW # ?Z cZ eZjm fjZ aZh ^cX^iZg k^\djgZjhZbZci# 8¼Zhi Y _| [V^i! aZ Y^gZXiZjg \ c gVa YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi Yj EVig^bd^cZ Y^i fjZ X¼Zhi Y _| [V^i YdcX kd^a| X¼Zhi ig h W^Zc# BZgX^#

(&'

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

9 WVi Xdch Xji^[ | aV iVWaZ gdcYZ c (

E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi AV hVaaZ gdc\Z hdc [gZ^c# Fj^ kZji djkg^g aZ Y WVi 4 7ZgcVgY <^abVc ?Z kZjm ZbWgVnZg hjg aZh YZgc^Zgh egdedh YZ Bdch^Zjg 7 \]V^c# ?Z bZ g _dj^h YZ aV eg hZcXZ YZ BVYVbZ =V^YVgV ^X^# Dc V WZVjXdje eVga YZ iZgg^" id^gZ! X¼ iV^i aZ hj_Zi YZ XZi Veg h"b^Y^# vV VjgV^i eZji" igZ i W^Zc fjZ aZ bdi ® iZgg^id^gZ ¯ hd^i b^h Vj eajg^Za# ?Z b¼Zmea^fjZ# Dc eZji h¼Zc[ZgbZg YVch jc bjh Z! dc eZji Vjhh^ h¼Zc[ZgbZg YVch jc iZgg^id^gZ# >a bZ hZbWaZ idji | [V^i ^cY^heZchVWaZ fj¼jc iZgg^id^gZ h¼djkgZ | jc VjigZ iZgg^id^gZ# vV hZ [V^i h^ _¼Zc _j\Z aV YZch^i YZh gZaVi^dch YZ Xdde gVi^dc fjZ cdjh Vkdch VkZX a¼6[g^fjZ! X¼Zhi [dgb^YVWaZ# AV a^b^iZ YZ XZiiZ Xdde gVi^dc! X¼Zhi fjZ XZ hdci YZh Xdde gV" i^dch jc eZj ^hda Zh! _¼Zc XdccV^h YVch bdc eZi^i iZgg^id^gZ YZ aV BVi]Znh^cZ! X¼Zhi jcZ VhhdX^Vi^dc! X¼Zhi jc eZi^i k^aaV\Z! X¼Zhi jcZ XaVhhZ° Zi ^a hZgV^i ^ci " gZhhVci fj¼dc YdccZ a¼dXXVh^dc | idjh XZh \Zch fj^ iZciZci XZiiZ Xdde gVi^dc YZ h¼^ciZggd\Zg ZchZbWaZ Zi fjZ aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h ej^hhZ igZ ^X^ jc a^Zj YZ gVhhZbWaZbZci YZ idjiZh XZh ^c^i^Vi^kZh# 8¼Zhi jc hVXg eVig^bd^cZ fj^ Zhi Zc igV^c YZ hZ Xdchi^ijZg Zi fj¼^a ej^hhZ n Vkd^g jcZ ^ciZggd\Vi^dc YZh jch Zi YZh VjigZh hjg ® fj¼Zhi"XZ fj¼dc kZji | igVkZgh XZh gZaVi^dch ZmigV"iZgg^idg^V" aZh Zi cdiVbbZci VkZX aZ HjY ¯# :i h^ edhh^WaZ! eVgXZ fjZ aZ Y eVgiZbZci YZ a¼>h gZ Zhi g^X]Z! YZh ^ck^iVi^dch YZh \Zch XdcXZgc h fj^ ]VW^iZci aZ HjY# >a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ XZiiZ djkZgijgZ Zhi kgV^bZci _Z Y^gV^h · _Z kV^h eVgaZg eZghdccZa" aZbZci! _¼V^ i aj ^X^ eZcYVci jcZ Y^oV^cZ Y¼Vcc Zh YZ bVcYVih! V Yd^i [V^gZ YdjoZ Vch! dc V [V^i jc XZgiV^c cdbWgZ YZ X]dhZh! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! bV^hdc YZ aV 8jaijgZ! W^Wa^di] fjZh! idji XZ fj¼dc kdjYgV · bdc \gVcY gZ\gZi fjVcY _Z hj^h eVgi^ X¼Zhi YZ Y Xdjkg^g igde iVgY fj¼dc iV^i Zc igV^c YZ h¼Zc[ZgbZg hjg cdh egdegZh iVWa^hhZbZcih! hjg cdigZ egdegZ g^X]ZhhZ Zi aV Y XdjkZgiZ _Z Y^gV^h YZ iZgg^id^gZh VjigZh! dc bZ a¼V d[[ZgiZ Veg h! Zi _Z hj^h h g fjZ h^ _¼VkV^h Zj YZh XdciVXih VkZX XZh iZgg^id^gZh VjigZh! aV eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ c¼VjgV^i eVh i XZaaZ"a| dj Zc idji XVh eVh idji | [V^i XZaaZ"a|# BVg^Z";gVcXZ 8VaVh ?Z kdjaV^h h^beaZbZci g edcYgZ | XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Y^i hjg aZ [V^i fjZ aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i VjgV^i ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci YZh dW_Zih ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z# Kdjh bZ '%'

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å Z XWj

e ZgbZiigZo YZ c¼ igZ eVh idji | [V^i Y¼VXXdgY VkZX kdjh# ?Z cZ Xgd^h eVh fj¼^a V^i YZh dW_Zih ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z# ?Z eZchZ | YZh bjh Zh Y¼^chigjbZcih YZ bjh^fjZ! | YZh bjh Zh fj^ dci YZh cVk^gZh! YZh WViZVjm ÅdiiVcih! | YZh bjh Zh fj^ dci YZh VeeVgZ^ah YZ Y^[[jh^dc hdcdgZ! YZ X^c bV 0 aZ ejWa^X c¼VXXZeiZ eVh fjZ V gZhiZ YZh dW_Zih bdgih b bZ ig h XdciZmijVa^h h! b bZ gZaVn h eVg YZh ^bV" \Zh# Dg! ^a Zhi ig h ^bedgiVci fj¼^a n V^i jc fj^a^WgZ fj^ hZ [V^i YVch XZ bjh Z fj^ XdaaZXiZ! fj^ XdchZgkZ XZh dW_Zih fj^ hdci YZh dW_Zih Y¼jhV\Z bV^h Ydci dc Vgg iZ a¼jhV\Z | jc bdbZci Ydcc eVgXZ fj¼^ah i bd^\cZci Y¼jcZ iZX]cdad" \^Z! Y¼jcZ kdaji^dc# >a h¼V\^i Vj XdcigV^gZ edjg aZ bjh Z YZ hVkd^g a¼jhV\Z fj^ kV igZ eZgb^h Zi XZi fj^a^WgZ Zhi idj_djgh Y^[ÄX^aZ! ^a [Vji eVg[d^h Zi hdjkZci fjZ aZh WViZVjm gZhiZci ÅdiiVcih YVch XZgiV^cZh XdcY^i^dch! ^a [Vji fjZ aZh ^ch" igjbZcih hd^Zci _dj h Zi _Z eZchZ Vj egd_Zi Vjidjg YZ aV kVaa Z Yj C^\Zg! d ?ZVc GdjX] Zhi bdgi 0 ^a [Vji fj¼^a n V^i jcZ Y^bZch^dc Vjhh^ k^kVciZ# 9dcX _Z eZchZ fjZ YVch kdigZ Zheg^i kdjh cZ eZch^Zo eVh Yj idji | YZh dW_Zih! | jc bjh Z bdgi Zi | jc bjh Z Yj gZigV^i! _Z eZchZ fjZ aZ bjh Z c¼Zhi eVh YVch aZ gZigV^i n Xdbeg^h fjVcY ^a V YZh dW_Zih Y¼jhV\Z! aZ idji Zhi YZ hVkd^g Y Ä" c^g XZi fj^a^WgZ# >a cZ [VjYgV^i hjgidji eVh fj¼^a \VgYZ YZh dW_Zih [dhh^a^h h! _Z eZchZ Vjm dW_Zih Ydci _Z k^Zch YZ eVgaZg# 8¼Zhi jcZ h^beaZ gZbVgfjZ! _Z cZ Xgd^h eVh fj¼dc hd^i [dcYVbZciVaZbZci Y¼V^aaZjgh Zc Y hVXXdgY! X¼Zhi jc jhV\Z bV ig^h # EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c ?Z kd^h W^Zc XZ fjZ kdjh Y^iZh bV^h _Z c¼V^ eVh aZ hZci^bZci fjZ V hd^i XdcigVY^Xid^gZ VkZX XZ fjZ _¼V^ Y^i eVgXZ fjZ h^ kdjh kdjaZo! h^ kdjh bZiiZo jc XaVkZX^c · ^a n V jc XaVkZX^c Vj bjh Z <VYV\cZ · k^YZbbZci dc _djZ Yj XaV" kZX^c Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch aZh XdcXZgih! bV^h XZ XaVkZX^c Zhi Vj bjh Z! ^a c¼Zhi eVh YVch jcZ hVaaZ YZ XdcXZgi# ?Z gZk^Zch YZ < cZh! _¼V^ k^h^i WZVjXdje YZ bjh Zh ej^hfjZ aV k^aaZ YZ < cZh! ej^hfj¼ZaaZ V i XVe^iVaZ Zjgde ZccZ YZ aV XjaijgZ Zc '%%)! V [V^i jc ig h \gVcY Z[[dgi edjg g cdkZg hZh bjh Zh# ?¼V^ YZjm ZmZb" eaZh ig h Y^[[ gZcih# ?¼V^ k^h^i jc YZh bjh Zh YZ aV K^V <Vg^WVaY^! XZh \gVcYh eVaV^h YZh Gdaa^ | < cZh fj^ hdci idji | [V^i hdbeijZjm! YVch aZfjZa ^a n V aZ k^dadc YZ EV\Vc^c^ fj^ iV^i eg hZci a|# Dc b¼V Y^i fj¼^a hZgkV^i bV^h X¼Zhi jc dW_Zi fj^ Zhi ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z# >a hZgi YZ iZbeh Zc iZbeh edjg jc XdcXZgi YZ egZhi^\Z# ?¼V^ kj Vjhh^ jc k^dadc [V^i eVg jc \gVcY aji]^Zg edjg 8]VgaZh >M Zi _Z kdjYgV^h hVkd^g Y¼V^aaZjgh edjgfjd^ ^a Zhi a| Zi edjgfjd^ ^a c¼Zhi eVh | EVg^h# BV^h V X¼Zhi jcZ idjiZ VjigZ fjZhi^dc! _Z kV^h [V^gZ bV eZi^iZ Zcfj iZ# vV Yd^i igZ 8Vi]Zg^cZ YZ B Y^X^h fj^ V Y aZ XdbbVcYZg edjg hdc Äah bV^h _Z cZ hV^h eVh edjgfjd^ ^a Zhi a|# :i ej^h Vj bjh Z YZ aV BZg fjZ cdh Vb^h \ cd^h b¼dci [V^i k^h^iZg! ^a n V jcZ \Va gZ! ^a n V aV gZXdchi^iji^dc Y¼jc eVfjZWdi bV^h X¼Zhi jc bjh Z idji Zci^Zg idjgc kZgh a¼]^hid^gZ YZ aV bZg Zi YZ aV cVk^" \Vi^dc Y¼VjigZ[d^h# EZji" igZ n VjgV"i"^a jc _djg jc kdaZi idji Zci^Zg idjgc (&)

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

Z [[ZXi^kZbZci kZgh aZh jhV\Zh YZ aV bZg Vj_djgY¼]j^# BV^h dc Zhi YVch jc ig h WZa dW_Zi eVig^bdc^Va bV^h idiVaZbZci ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z# BVg^Z";gVcXZ 8VaVh 8Z fjZ _Z kdjaV^h h^beaZbZci Y^gZ · _Z eVgaZ YZ a¼Zme g^ZcXZ [gVc V^hZ! _¼V^ Y^g^\ Zi djkZgi aZ bjh Z YZ aV Bjh^fjZ · X¼Zhi fjZ XZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i Yd^i \VgYZg! XdchZgkZg jc ^chigjbZci YVch hdc _jh! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ edjg jc XaVkZX^c! h^ kdjh [V^iZh Vaajh^dc | YZh XaVkZX^ch! dc Zc V Äc MK>>Z"MK>>>Z fj^ dci \VgY aZjg hVjiZgZVj! fj^ dci \VgY aZjg ]Vgbdc^Z! fj^ hdci gZhi h VWhdajbZci YVch aZjg _jh! aZ bjh Z Yd^i aZ \VgYZg Zi cZ Yd^i eVh [dgX bZci aZ bZiigZ Zc iVi YZ _Zj h^ dc eZgY! h^ X¼Zhi Vj e g^a YZ XZ fjZ V gZeg hZciZ XdbbZ a bZci YZ XdccV^h" hVcXZ YZ aV [VXijgZ# EVg XdcigZ! ^a n V Y¼VjigZh ^chigjbZcih! hVch aZh gVkVaZg! hVch aZh igVch[dgbZg! dc eZji aZh _djZg YZ iZbeh Zc iZbeh# :i V ^a [Vji Z[[ZX" i^kZbZci aZ [V^gZ# ?¼V^ bVa Xdbeg^h hVch YdjiZ XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo Y^i · _¼VkV^h ig h eZjg fjZ kdjh eVga^Zo YZ bjh Z k^kVci · bV^h _Z hj^h ig h hZch^W^a^h Z | V eVgXZ fjZ _¼VkV^h jcZ ea ^VYZ YZ bjh^X^Zch fj^ cdjh VXXjhV^i Z[[ZXi^kZbZci Y¼ igZ aZh [dhhdnZjgh Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ YZh ^chigjbZcih Zi Y¼ igZ YZh \Zch ]dg" g^WaZh fj^ bZiiV^Zci aZh ^chigjbZcih YVch YZh k^ig^cZh Vadgh fj¼dc aZh _djV^i \VaZbZci# 9dcX _Z Yd^h igZ jc eZj hZch^W^a^h Z Zi jc eZj k^kZ hjg XZ hj_Zi! bV^h ^a c¼Zbe X]Z fjVcY b bZ fjZ YVch YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i d YZh dW_Zih Y¼jhV\Z edhZci jc kgV^ egdWa bZ! ^a [Vji edjkd^g Zmea^fjZg Vj ejWa^X edjg" fjd^ dc cZ aZh _djZ eVh Zi fjVcY dc aZh _djZ! ^a [Vji Zmea^fjZg edjgfjd^ dc aZ [V^i YVch YZh XdcY^i^dch ig h a^b^i Zh Zi Zc \ c gVa aZ ejWa^X XdbegZcY bZg" kZ^aaZjhZbZci W^Zc# 8 X^a^V YZ KVg^cZ 8¼ iV^i _jhiZ edjg VaaZg jc eZj eajh ad^c eVg gVeedgi | XZ fjZ BVg^Z" 8]g^hi^cZ V Veedgi YVch aV g ÅZm^dc! bV^h X¼Zhi kgV^ fj¼^a n V eVg gVeedgi | XZ fjZ _¼V^ ZciZcYj ]^Zg Zi Vj_djgY¼]j^ · Zi _Z kdjh VkdjZ fjZ _Z hj^h ig h XdciZciZ Y¼ igZ a| eVgXZ fj¼^a n V kgV^bZci YZh fjZhi^dch fj¼dc hZ edhZ adgh YZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh fj^ hdci YZh fjZhi^dch fj¼dc hZ edhZ Vj fjdi^Y^Zc Zi fj¼dc Zhi XdciZci YZ eVgiV\Zg VkZX idji aZ bdcYZ · X¼Zhi aV fjZhi^dc Yj bjh Z Zc iVci fjZ a^Zj [dgjb! | aV [d^h [dgjb YZ hX^ZcXZh! | aV [d^h [dgjb YZ egVi^fjZh# BV^h k^YZbbZci Yj X i YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! [dgjb"a^Zj YZ gZcXdc" igZh ZcigZ YZh bdcYZh fj^ hZ Xgd^hZci YZ bd^ch Zc bd^ch YVch aZ X¶jg hdX^Va dj fj^ dci eZj Y¼dXXVh^dch Zc idji XVh YZ hZ Xgd^hZg Zi fj^! _Z eZchZ! hdci ig h ^bedgiVcih YVch jc a^Zj h^\c^ÄVci fj^ eZji hZ eVgiV\Zg! YdcX a¼^Y Z Y¼jc a^Zj YZ k g^iVWaZ eVgiV\Z XjaijgZa# BV^h V gZckd^Z | aV fjZhi^dc Ydci dc V eVga !

BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ! fj^ Zhi aV fjZhi^dc YZ \VgYZg YZh igVXZh# JcZ cdjkZaaZ Xda" aZXiZ Zhi | [V^gZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch aZh bjh Zh fj^ hZgV^i aV XdaaZXiZ YZ idjiZh XZh Zme g^ZcXZh fj¼dc eZji ^ckZciZg! igVkV^aaZg VkZX aZh \Zch Vj fjdi^Y^Zc hdjkZci '%)

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å Z XWj

XdbbZ kdjh a¼VkZo Y^i! BVYVbZ! YVch XZiiZ XjaijgZ YZ a¼dgVa^i fj^ Zhi XZaaZ YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! fj^ Zhi Vjhh^ jcZ XjaijgZ Y¼jc iZbeh fj^ Zhi a| Vj eg hZci! YVch aZ eg hZci YZ aV gZcXdcigZ Zi XdbbZci Vgg^kZg hVch Y cV" ijgZg XZh Zme g^ZcXZh"a|! Zc \VgYZg YZh igVXZh edjg aZh gZcYgZ eajh k^h^WaZh Zi edjg Vjhh^ igVchbZiigZ idji XZ hVkd^g fj^ cdjh Zhi XdcÄ eVg aZh edejaVi^dch! eVg aZh ]VW^iVcih! eVg aZh ejWa^Xh Zi fj^ V iZaaZbZci eZj YZ k^h^W^a^i # Ej^hfjZ aZ bjh Z Zc bdcigZ ig h gVgZbZci YZh igVXZh · Zi a| _Z eZchZ cdc eVh YVch aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i d k^YZbbZci X¼Zhi aZ X¶jg b bZ Yj igVkV^a! bV^h _Z eZchZ | idjh aZh VjigZh bjh Zh fj^ dci iZcYVcXZ | WZVjXdje cZiidnZg aZh bjgh Veg h aZ eVhhV\Z YZh ejWa^Xh# BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^ ?Z kdjaV^h kdfjZg fjZafjZ X]dhZ fjZ _Z c¼V^ eVh ZciZcYj Zi fj^ b¼ idccZ fjVcY dc eVgaZ YZ aV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ! dc Zhi YVch YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! YZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ! ^a bZ hZbWaZ fjVcY b bZ fjZ hZ _djZ ^X^ | <gZcdWaZ fjZafjZ X]dhZ fj^ Zhi YZ a¼dgYgZ YZ a¼Vgg^k Z Vj bjh Z YZ hdX^ i !

Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h bV^h YVch Y¼VjigZh Vjhh^! YZh Xg ViZjgh X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ YZh Vgi^hiZh _ZjcZh fj^ hdci YVch aV Xg Vi^dc Zi fj^ k^ZccZci Vj bjh Z! fj^ hZ hZg" kZci YZ XZ iZgg^id^gZ fj¼Zhi aZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i edjg Xg Zg! edjg [V^gZ k^kgZ jc Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! YZh VeegdX]Zh XdciZbedgV^cZh Yj bdcYZ! YZ aV hdX^ i !

YZ a¼]^hid^gZ! Yj eVig^bd^cZ# ?Z Xgd^h Vjhh^ fjZ kdjh VkZo Y^i fjZ gZcigZci YZh dW_Zih hVch jhV\Zh! _Z Xgd^h fjZ fjVcY jc Vgi^hiZ XdciZbedgV^c Y X^YZ Y¼VXXZe" iZg a¼^ck^iVi^dc fj^ aj^ Zhi [V^iZ YZ kZc^g igVkV^aaZg YVch jc bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ! edjg aj^ XZ iZgg^id^gZ fj^ Zhi aZ bjh Z V jc jhV\Z# 8¼Zhi fjZ XZ bjh Z kV a \^" i^bZg hV eaVXZ Zi hdc hiViji Y¼Vgi^hiZ YVch aV hdX^ i # >a bZ hZbWaZ fj¼dc c¼Zhi eVh ^X^ fjZ YVch Yj eVhh "eg hZci! aV fjZhi^dc Yj iZgg^id^gZ X¼Zhi Vjhh^ aV fjZh" i^dc YZ a¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c YVch aZ iZgg^id^gZ bjh Z YZ hdX^ i # ?Z cZ hV^h eVh XZ fjZ kdjh Zc eZchZo# ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ 8¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc edjg BVYVbZ 7dgYZVjm# Kdjh VkZo Y^i jcZ X]dhZ fjZ _¼V^ igdjk Z Zmig bZbZci ^ci gZhhVciZ# Kdjh VkZo eVga YZ a¼^c_dcXi^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ edjg aZ g aZ hdX^Va Yj bjh Z Zc cdjh eg X^hVci fjZ V cZ kdj" aV^i eVh Y^gZ fjZ XZiiZ XdbbVcYZ XdggZhedcYV^i [dgX bZci Vjm ViiZciZh Yj ejWa^X! Vjm ViiZciZh YZh ]VW^iVcih# :hi"XZ fjZ kdjh VkZo! YVch kdh ijYZh dj YVch kdh gZX]ZgX]Zh Zc Xdjgh! Y _| ej VcVanhZg YZh Z[[Zih YZ XZiiZ ^c_dcXi^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ hjg aZ hdX^Va 4 Jc eVgi^X^eVci 8¼Zhi edjg Zc Äc^g VkZX XZiiZ fjZhi^dc YZh dW_Zih Y¼jhV\Z# ?VXfjZh =V^cVgY c¼Zhi eVh jcZ ZmXZei^dc Zi c¼V eVh | a¼ igZ# ?Z bZ hdjk^Zch Vkd^g i hXVcYVa^h (&+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

eVg jc egdedh YZ 8aVjYZ A k^"HigVjhh YVch jc ZcigZi^Zc Zc &..' d ^a gZedjh" hV^i aZ bjh Z YVch aZ eVhh ! aZ bjh Z Y¼Zi]cd\gVe]^Z c¼VkV^i eajh Ygd^i Y¼Zm^h" iZg YVch aZ XdciZbedgV^c# 8¼ iV^i h^beaZbZci aZ bjh Z Y¼6gih Zi IgVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh! X¼ iV^i | egdedh YZh 6ie# vV c¼V eajh VjXjc hZch h^cdc a¼Zi]cd\gV" e]^Z c¼V eajh | Zm^hiZg! ^a c¼n V eajh fjZ YZh bjh Zh Y¼]^hid^gZ# FjVcY ^X^ dc [V^i jcZ Zmedh^i^dc hjg iZaaZ dj iZaaZ XdbbjcVji ^bb^\g Z! dc cZ h¼Vgg iZ eVh Vj gZa^Z[ YZ aV XdbbjcVji adghfj¼ZaaZ iV^i YVch hdc eVnh! dc Xdci^cjZ | gZ\VgYZg! | XdaaZXiZg XZ fj¼ZaaZ ji^a^hZ fjdi^Y^ZccZbZci! ZiX# ?Z cZ Y iV^aaZ eVh bV^h _Z kZjm Y^gZ XZ hZgV^i aV bdgi YZ a¼Zi]cd\gVe]^Z fjZ YZ Y^gZ fj¼dc cZ XdaaZXiZ fjZ YZh dW_Zih ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z# Dc aZh hdgi eZji" igZ Y¼jc XdciZmiZ edjg aZjg Zc YdccZg jc VjigZ! bV^h X¼Zhi jcZ VjigZ fjZhi^dc#

BW h[bWj_ed Zk cki [ Wk j[hh_je_h[ Å Z XWj

BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm ?Z kdjYgV^h gZWdcY^g | aV [d^h hjg a¼^ciZgkZci^dc YZ 8 X^a^V YZ KVg^cZ! BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^ Zi YZ kdjh"b bZ# ?Z kV^h XdbbZcXZg eVg a¼^c_dcXi^dc# Dj^ ^a n V YZh Z[[Zih [dgih YZ a¼^c_dcXi^dc hdX^VaZ Yj eda^i^fjZ YVch a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh# Dc kd^i fjZ aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh XdbbZcXZci | Wdj\Zg eVg aZh bVg\Zh! eVg[d^h X¼Zhi egZhfjZ a^ii gVa! ZaaZh Wdj\Zci eVg aZh ejWa^Xh bVg\^cVjm Zi ZmXajh# 8¼Zhi jc e] cdb cZ Zmig bZbZci ^ci gZhhVci# ² egdedh YZ a¼^ciZgkZci^dc YZ a¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! _Z igdjkZ fjZ BVg^Z" Hnak^Z Eda^ V ig h W^Zc [V^i YZ hdja^\cZg aZ [V^i fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi jc a^Zj Y¼jhV" \Zh Zi fj¼^a eZji h¼djkg^g | YZh [dgbZh aVc\V\^ gZh fj^ egdedhZci YZh g ^ciZg" eg iVi^dch Yj a^Zj! YZh XdaaZXi^dch Zi Yj gVeedgi Vj ejWa^X eVgXZ fjZ X¼Zhi XZaV fjZ YZh Vgi^hiZh XdciZbedgV^ch dj YZh X]dg \gVe]Zh kZcijZaaZbZci eZjkZci VeedgiZg Vj bjh Z! X¼Zhi YZ gZigVkV^aaZg hjg aZ ineZ YZ gVeedgi Vj ejWa^X# ² eVgi^g YZ a¼^ciZggd\Vi^dc YZ 8 X^a^V YZ KVg^cZ! _Z eZchZ fj¼^a [Vji ^ch^hiZg hjg aV fjZhi^dc YZh jhV\Zh Zi YZh hj_Zih YVch aZ bjh Z XdbbZ ZheVXZ hdX^Va egV" i^fj # 8ZaV Yd^i"^a hZ igVYj^gZ eVg aZ gZXjZ^a Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZ YZh igVXZh aV^hh Zh eVg aZ k^h^iZjg! _Z c¼Zc hV^h g^Zc! ^a [VjYgV^i W^Zc h g k^iZg Y¼Zc [V^gZ YZh dW_Zih YZ XdchZgkVi^dc Zi edjgfjd^ eVh Y¼Zmedh^i^dc# >a n V a|! edjg aZh b Y^ViZjgh XjaijgZah! jc k g^iVWaZ Y Ä | aZjg Xg Vi^k^i / fjZ [V^gZ YZh egdYjXi^dch hnb" Wda^fjZh ^hhjZh YZh h^ijVi^dch YZ gZcXdcigZh Zi Y¼ X]Vc\Zh ZcigZ aZh ejWa^Xh! b Y^ViZjgh! aZh Vgi^hiZh Zi eajh aVg\ZbZci aZh egd[Zhh^dccZah YZ aV XjaijgZ 4

6^hhViV =V^YVgV ?Z kZjm ^ciZgkZc^g _jhiZ hVch igZ ^ciZgeZaa Z hjg aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV XdchZg" kVi^dc YZh dW_Zih fj^ hdci ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z Zi a¼ aj YVch hdc ^ciZgkZci^dc V Y^i fjZ aZ bjh Z iV^i jc a^Zj YZ gZigV^i · X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ aV gZigV^iZ Yj bdcYZ b bZ# >a [Vji VXXZeiZg aZ iZgbZ YZ gZigV^i YZh dW_Zih ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z XVg aZ bjh Z Vjhh^ V jcZ ]^hid^gZ# 8]VfjZ ineZ YZ hdX^ i V jc bdY aZ Y¼]dbbZ fj¼^a kZji [dgbZg | igVkZgh aV [dgbVi^dc! X¼Zhi Y^i eVg aZh e YV\d\jZh Zi aZh ZchZ^\cVcih# 6jhh^ aV b bZ X]dhZ h¼VYVeiZ Vj bjh Z XVg Vj Y eVgi ^a n V YZh dW_ZXi^[h edjg X]V" fjZ bjh Z# AZ bjh Z fj^ hZ kZji Zi]cd\gVe]^fjZ dj ]^hidg^fjZ c¼Zhi eVh aV b bZ X]dhZ fjZ aZ bjh Z edejaV^gZ dj aZ bjh Z XdbbjcVjiV^gZ# >a n V YZh dW_ZXi^[h Y^[[ gZcih# 9dcX h^! YVch a¼]^hid^gZ a¼dg^\^cZ YZh bjh Zh! adghfj¼dc Y^i bjh Z X¼Zhi h g fjZ kdjh igdjkZgZo YZh dW_Zih YZ &-%%! YZ &,%%! YdcX hdc ]^hid^gZ X¼Zhi aV XdchZgkVi^dc# BV^h XZiiZ ^Y Z YZ XdchZgkVi^dc V kdaj YdcX aV fjZhi^dc hZ igdjkZ YVch a¼ kdaji^dc YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh# AZ bjh Z Zhi jc a^Zj Vjhh^ kdaji^[! ^a [Vji a¼VXXZeiZg# 9dcX ^a Zhi eVhh YZ a^Zj YZ XdchZg" kVi^dc | jc a^Zj djkZgi Vj_djgY¼]j^# Ej^hfjZ eZcYVci hZei Vch aZ bjh Z cZ kV eVh dg\Vc^hZg fjZ YZh Zmedh^i^dch Y¼dW_Zih YZ &-%% dj YZ &,%%! ^a V VXXZei Vj_djgY¼]j^ Y¼^ci \gZg Y¼VjigZh Y^bZch^dch! | hVkd^g aZh [dgjbh! | hVkd^g aZh gZcXdcigZh Zi YdcX a| jcZ cdjkZaaZ Y^bZch^dc Yj bjh Z fj^ Zhi aV [dgbV" i^dc! fj^ Zhi aZ a^Zj YZ gZcXdcigZ! fj^ Zhi aZ a^Zj Z[[ZXi^kZbZci Y¼^ci \gVi^dc Zi b bZ aZ a^Zj XdbbjcVjiV^gZ# >a n V XZci Vch eZji" igZ dc cZ edjkV^i eVh eVgaZg YZ eda^i^fjZ Vj bjh Z bV^h Vj_djgY¼]j^ aZ bjh Z ^ci \gZ aV Y^bZc" h^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ VkZX jcZ ^aajhigVi^dc YZ Xg Vi^dc Y¼jc bjh Z! jc bjh Z eda^i^fjZ# 9dcX h^ dc gZhiZ YVch aV Y^bZch^dc igVY^i^dccZaaZ YZh bjh Zh! X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ X¼Zhi jc a^Zj YZ XdchZgkVi^dc! dc cZ eZji igdjkZg fjZ YZh dW_Zih ]dgh Y¼jhV\Z bV^h h^ dc kV YVch aV Y^bZch^dc kdaji^kZ! dc Zhi dWa^\ YZ hdgi^g YZ XZiiZ ^Y Z YZ XdchZgkVi^dc edjg igdjkZg YZh bjh Zh edejaV^gZh! edjg igdjkZg YZh bjh Zh XdbbjcVjiV^gZh! edjg igdjkZg YZh bjh Zh YZ idji \ZcgZ# 9dcX aZ bjh Z h¼VYVeiZ Vj_djgY¼]j^ Vjm dW_ZXi^[h fj¼dc kZji W^Zc aj^ Vhh^\cZg! fj^ hdci Y^[[ gZcih YVch aV Xg Vi^dc Zi b bZ YVch a¼VeeZaaVi^dc# FjVcY dc Y^i Xdbjh Z! X¼Zhi eVh aV b bZ X]dhZ fjZ fjVcY dc Y^i bjh Z YZ hdX^ i ! fjVcY dc Y^i bjh Z YZ XZX^ dj YZ XZaV! YdcX Z[[ZXi^kZbZci X¼Zhi jcZ fjZhi^dc Y¼Ve" egdX]Z# 8Z hdci aZh VeegdX]Zh fj^ Y^[[ gZci#

KVaiZg <^ja^Vcd ?jhiZ jcZ eZi^iZ ^ciZgkZci^dc edjg Y^gZ fjZ YVch aZh Xdbjh Zh! dc V [V^i kZc^g YZh Vgi^hiZh fj^ dci egdYj^i YZh g hjaiVih YVch a¼Vgi XdciZbedgV^c! YVch aV a^ii gVijgZ · 7Vg^XXd ·! YVch aV e]did\gVe]^Z! YVch aZ iekdZ Whj Zi ej^h YVch aZ i] }igZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ! cdjh Vkdch Zj YZh b^hZh Zc hX cZ YZh e^hdYZh YZ a¼]^h" id^gZ adXVaZ# AZh Vgi^hiZh dci i ad\ h Zi ^ah iV^Zci ^ck^i h YVch aZh iZgg^id^gZh! YVch aZh Xdbjh Zh Zi Zchj^iZ ^ah dci egdYj^i aZjgh Xg Vi^dch#

;gVc d^h EdgiZi ?¼V^ i jc idji eZi^i eZj igdjWa ZcigZ XZ bVi^c Zi XZi Veg h"b^Y^ eVg YZh fjZhi^dch fj^ dci i edh Zh XZ bVi^c | egdedh Yj eda^i^fjZ! fj¼dc c¼V eVh idji | [V^i gZigdjk Zh XZi Veg h"b^Y^ fjVcY dc V XdbbZcX | gZidbWZg YVch aZ iZgg^id^gZ# 8Z fj^ b¼V jc eZj igdjWa ! X¼Zhi fjZ ig h k^iZ dc V djWa^ YZh fjZhi^dch fj^ hdci YZh fjZhi^dch [dcYVig^XZh fjVcY b bZ YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ iZgg^id^gZ# 8Z fj^ V i Y^i YZ [V dc jc eZi^i eZj XVg^XVijgVaZ

'%+

(&-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

eVg @ZccZi] =jYhdc fjVcY ^a Y^hV^i fjZ aV edejaVi^dc iV^i Zc [V^i aZ hj_Zi Yj bjh Z! fjZ aZh Xdbjh Zh X¼ iV^Zci aZh edejaVi^dch ZaaZh"b bZh# Cdc _Z igdjkZ fjZ idji | Xdje dc V jc eZi^i eZj eZgYj aV fjZhi^dc Yj g X^i | igVkZgh XZiiZ fjZhi^dc YZh jhV\Zh fj^ V i YZ [V dc VhhZo ^ci gZhhVciZ ^cigdYj^iZ eVg aV b Y^Vi^dc · 6^hhViV cdjh a¼V bV\c^ÄfjZbZci ^aajhig eVg hdc ZmZbeaZ fjZ _Z igdjkZ eVhh^dccVci YZ gZidjg hjg aZ iZggV^c Yj igVkV^a YZh Zi]cdad\jZh Zi YZ ?ZVc GdjX]! fjVcY a¼6[g^fjZ Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ hZ g Veegdeg^Z XZ igVkV^a! hZ g Veegdeg^Z XZiiZ ]^hid^gZ Zi X¼Zhi aV [dcXi^dc Yj bjh Z edjg fjZ YZh g X^ih hZ Xdci^cjZci! fj¼dc Xdci^cjZ | [V^gZ hdX^ i # ?Z bZ hj^h Y^i / ® J_[di" YÊ[ij Zh b[" ed h[djh[ ZWdi bW gk[ij_ed Zk j[hh_je_h[ [j Y[jj[ gk[ij_ed Zk \W_h[ ieY_ j gkÊed W bW_i# i [ Y[ cWj_d [j i[cXb[#j#_b ZWdi Y[jj[ Z_iYkii_ed } fhefei Zk feb_j_gk[" ed bÊW kd f[j_j f[k ekXb_ [" gke_$ ¯

'%-

:c XdcXajh^dc

AZ bZhhV\Z Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ

;gVcX^cZ BVg^Vc^"9jXgVn 9^gZXig^XZ YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ! b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi YZ aV 8dbbjc^XVi^dc

BZhYVbZh! BZhh^Zjgh! _Z kdjh eg^Z YZ eVgYdccZg bdc VWhZcXZ Vadgh fjZ _Z bZ [V^hV^h YZej^h adc\iZbeh jcZ _d^Z YZ eVgi^X^eZg VkZX kdjh YVch aZ XVYgZ YZ XZ XdaadfjZ | aV [d^h | aV X a WgVi^dc Yj Bjh Z YVj" e]^cd^h Zi | aV Y^hXjhh^dc fj^ cdjh ^bedgiZ Vj eajh ]Vji ed^ci | idjh / aZ g aZ YZh bjh Zh! YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i YVch a¼ kdaji^dc YZ cdigZ eVnh! YZ aV hdX^ i fj¼^ah gZÅ iZci! fj¼^ah Zmea^fjZci! Ydci ^ah XdchZg" kZci a¼]^hid^gZ Zi aV igVXZ! Ydci ^ah Vci^X^eZci aZh kdaji^dch# ?Z gZbZg" X^Z ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh YZ hZ [V^gZ bdc ^ciZgeg iZ Vjeg h YZ kdjh! iVci gZiZcjZ bd^"b bZ | aV [d^h eVg aZh i}X]Zh fj^ ^cXdbWZci | a¼VY" b^c^higVi^dc hdjh a¼Vjidg^i cdjkZaaZ YZ BVYVbZ 8]g^hi^cZ 6aWVcZa! b^c^higZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi YZ aV 8dbbjc^XVi^dc! edgiZ"eVgdaZ Yj \dj" kZgcZbZci Zi eVg jc YZkd^g YZ g hZgkZ ig h Zm^\ZVci YVch aV e g^dYZ aZXidgVaZ edjg aZh ig h egdX]V^cZh aZXi^dch a \^haVi^kZh# ?Z i^Zch | [ a^X^iZg aZh dg\Vc^hViZjgh fj^ dci Zj a¼^c^i^Vi^kZ Y¼jc XdaadfjZ XdchVXg Vjm gZaVi^dch ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i Vj_djgY¼]j^# ?Z hV^h aZ g aZ fjZ kdjh _djZo aZh jch aZh VjigZh! X]VXjc YVch kdigZ YdbV^cZ Zi VkZX kdh he X^ÄX^i h! edjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! bjh Zh Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z! Y¼Vci]gdedad\^Z! Y¼]^hid^gZ! Xdbj" h Zh# ?Z hV^h a¼ViiVX]ZbZci fj^ Zhi aZ k igZ | kZ^aaZg fjZ XZh iVWa^hhZ" bZcih edjghj^kZci aZjg b^hh^dc hdX^ iVaZ Zi gZc[dgXZci aZh a^Zch fj^ aZh jc^hhZci | aV hdX^ i hjg idjh hZh VheZXih# 6kVci aV XdcXajh^dc YZ XZ XdaadfjZ! eZgbZiiZo"bd^ idji Y¼VWdgY Y¼ kdfjZg aZ XZciZcV^gZ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h fj^ cdjh VXXjZ^aaZ Vj_djgY¼]j^# ?Z kdjYgV^h Zc Z[[Zi gZcYgZ ]dbbV\Z | hZh Y^gZXiZjgh Zi XdchZgkViZjgh fj^ hZ hdci hjXX Y YZej^h jc h^ XaZ Zi fj^ dci [V^i aV gZcdbb Z! aZ hjXX h Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! fj^ Zc dci [V^i Vjhh^ jc (''

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

bdY aZ# ?Z cZ [V^h fjZ bZci^dccZg kdigZ VcX igZ [dcYViZjg! =^eed" aniZ B aaZg · ^a [ji | a¼]dccZjg idji Vj adc\ YZ a¼Vcc Z '%%+ · bV^h _Z hdj]V^iZ kdfjZg idji eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci fj^ [ji Zc ;gVcXZ a¼jc YZh egZb^Zgh | ^cigdYj^gZ aZ XdcXZei YZ hX cd" \gVe]^Z Zi fj^ [ji a¼jc YZ XZjm | ^ch^hiZg hjg a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ a¼dW_Zi YZ bjh Z Zi hV XdciZmijVa^hVi^dc YVch aZ Y^hXdjgh fjZ aZ XdchZgkV" iZjg i^Zci Vjm k^h^iZjgh# >a hdj]V^iV^i ® fh i[dj[h b[ cki [ Yecc[ b[ b_[k cW]d_Ógk[ [j cW]_gk[ Z[ bW c_i[ [d iY d[ Z[ bÊeX`[j fekh bW Z b[YjWj_ed Z[i i[di [j Z[ bÊ[ifh_j$ 9Ê[ij ZWdi Y[jj[ f[hif[Yj_l[ gkÊ_b \Wkj f[di[h b[ cki [ Z[ Z[cW_d ¯ Y^hV^i"^a# 9¼VjXjch eVgaZci ZcXdgZ YZ XZiiZ WZaaZ Zmedh^i^dc ® AZ GdbVc YZh <gZcdWad^h ¯ fj¼^a VkV^i ^cVj\jg Z Zc &.-'! jcZ adc\jZ hjXXZhh^dc Y¼Zmedh^i^dch iZbedgV^gZh cdkVig^XZh# 9Vch a¼]^hid^gZ YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! YVch a¼]^hid^gZ YZ aV bjh dad\^Z! aZ Bjh Z YVje]^" cd^h V jcZ eaVXZ ZhhZci^ZaaZ Zi XZ g aZ [dcYVbZciVa cZ hZ Y bZci eVh Vj_djgY¼]j^! XdbbZ Zc i bd^\cZ kdigZ gVhhZbWaZbZci# 8Z XdaadfjZ V i XdchVXg | aV eg hZciVi^dc YZ eajh^Zjgh i] bV" i^fjZh / ® FjZaaZh ViiZciZh YVch aV hdX^ i Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ 4 ¯! ® AV b^h" h^dc hdX^VaZ Yj bjh Z ¯! ® AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z | aV hX^ZcXZ ¯! ® AV gZaV" i^dc Yj bjh Z Vj eda^i^fjZ ¯! ® AV gZaVi^dc Yj bjh Z Vj iZgg^id^gZ ¯# ?Z hdj]V^iZ YdcX Zmeg^bZg YZkVci kdjh fjZafjZh \gVcYZh dg^ZciVi^dch e gZccZh Yj b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ Zi YZ aV 8dbbjc^XVi^dc Zi YZ aV Y^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ hjg XZh hj_Zih [dcYVbZciVjm edjg aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Zi a¼VkZc^g YZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ# 6j eg VaVWaZ! _Z bZ eZgbZih YZ kdjh gVeeZaZg a¼Vgi^XaZ YZ aV ad^ gZaV" i^kZ Vjm bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ! fj^ Y Äc^i aZh b^hh^dch YZh bjh Zh! XZi Vgi^XaZ fj^ [dcYZ Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ aZh \gVcYh eg^cX^eZh Y¼VXi^dc YZh bjh Zh! idjiZh Y^hX^ea^cZh Xdc[dcYjZh# ® B[i cki [i Z[ <hWdY[ edj fekh c_ii_ed f[hcWd[dj[ fh[c_ h[c[dj Z[ Yedi[hl[h" h[ijWkh[h" [dh_Y^_h b[khi Yeb# b[Yj_edi" Z[kn_ c[c[dj h[dZh[ b[khi Yebb[Yj_edi WYY[ii_Xb[i Wk fkXb_Y b[ fbki bWh][ 1 jhe_i_ c[c[dj YedY[le_h [j c[jjh[ [d Äklh[ Z[i WYj_edi ZÊ ZkYWj_ed [j Z[ Z_\\ki_ed l_iWdj } Wiikh[h bÊ ]Wb WYY i Z[ jeki } bW Ykbjkh[ [j gkWjh_ c[# c[dj" Yedjh_Xk[h Wkn fhe]h i Z[ bW YeddW_iiWdY[ [j Z[ bW h[Y^[hY^[ W_di_ gkÊ} b[kh Z_\\ki_ed# ¯ AZh bjh Zh hdci XZgiZh YVch YZh h^ijVi^dch [dgi ^c \V" aZh YVch a¼VXi^dc! idjh \VaZbZci ^ckZhi^h YVch a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ XZh b^h" h^dch# >a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ aZh Vjidg^i h ejWa^fjZh! cVi^dcVaZh Zi iZgg^" idg^VaZh hdci Vj_djgY¼]j^ ig h Xdbbjc bZci XdckV^cXjZh YZ XZ g aZ YZh bjh Zh YVch jc XdchZchjh bVc^[ZhiZ Vj Xdjgh YZ aV a \^haVijgZ fj^ h¼VX] kZ# 8ZaV VkV^i i ig h hZch^WaZ YVch aZh Y WVih fj^ VkV^Zci a^Zj YVch aZ XVYgZ Yj =Vji 8dchZ^a YZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ! ^chi^ij eVg aV ad^ YZ '%%'#

'&'

B[ cej Z[ YedYbki_ed Zk c_d_ij h[ Z[ bW 9kbjkh[

Kdjh kdjh iZh | _jhiZ i^igZ ^ciZggd\ h hjg aZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZa" aZh YZh ;gVc V^h! hjg aV [g fjZciVi^dc fjVci^iVi^kZ Zi fjVa^iVi^kZ YZh bjh Zh# Kdjh VkZo Zj gV^hdc# Cdjh YZkdch idjh igZ XdchX^Zcih YZ aV Y^[ÄXjai | hjhX^iZg aV [g fjZciVi^dc eVg idjh! idjh aZh ^cY^k^Yjh Zi idjiZh aZh \ c gVi^dch YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh Zc \ c gVa Zi YZh bjh Zh Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg# BV^h ^a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch YZjm gV^" hdch Y¼ igZ dei^b^hiZh Zi VXi^[h# AV egVi^fjZ eVg aZ ejWa^X YZ aV k^h^iZ YZh bjh Zh Zhi g ZaaZbZci bVhh^kZ Zi Zc VXXgd^hhZbZci# Eajh YZ X^c" fjVciZ b^aa^dch YZ k^h^iZh eVg Vc edjg aZh bjh Zh cVi^dcVjm# AV eaVXZ YZh bjh Zh YVch aZh b Y^Vh! aZ hjXX h YZ aV cj^i YZh bjh Zh Yj &. bV^ YZgc^Zg! a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZh Y WVih kd^gZ YZh eda b^fjZh hjg aZh egd_Zih Zi aZh b^hh^dch YZh bjh Zh bdcigZci fjZ aV hdX^ i [gVc V^hZ hZ hZci eaZ^cZbZci edhhZhhZjg YZ hZh bjh Zh# BV^h hjgidji cdjh YZkdch igZ eaZ^cZbZci eZghjVY h fjZ aV Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! X¼Zhi ZhhZc" i^ZaaZbZci aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ Y¼VXi^dch | a¼^ciZci^dc YZh eajh Y [Vkdg^" h h# AV XjaijgZ Yj X]^[[gZ dXXjaiZ eVg[d^h YZh egVi^fjZh eajh fjVci^iV" i^kZh# HVch kdjad^g gZbZiigZ Zc fjZhi^dc aZh g hjaiVih Y¼ ijYZh gZaZkVci YVkVciV\Z YZ aV bVXgdhdX^dad\^Z! _¼^ch^hiZ hjg a¼^bedgiVcXZ fjZ gZk " iZci YVch cdh bjh Zh aZh VXi^dch XjaijgZaaZh eVg[d^h XdcÄYZci^ZaaZh bV^h Z[ÄXVXZh fjVci | aZjg ^cX^YZcXZ hjg aZ X]Vbe hdX^Va# AZh bjh Zh! \g}XZ | aV g^X]ZhhZ YZ aZjgh XdaaZXi^dch! hdci eVg ZmXZaaZcXZ YZh a^Zjm YZ igVchb^hh^dc YZ hVkd^g! Y¼ YjXVi^dc Zi Y¼^ci \gVi^dc hdX^VaZ# Cdjh YZkdch hVch XZhhZ cdjh ViiVX]Zg Vjm VXi^dch k^hVci | idjX]Zg YZh XVi " \dg^Zh hdX^degd[Zhh^dccZaaZh Y [Vkdg^h Zh! fj^ eZgbZiiZci YZ i^hhZg YZh a^Zch VkZX aZh VXiZjgh Yj b^a^Zj VhhdX^Vi^[ Zi hdX^Va! Zi cdiVbbZci aZh VhhdX^Vi^dch YZ fjVgi^Zg! aZh XZcigZh hdX^Vjm Zi aZh VhhdX^Vi^dch Y¼ Yj" XVi^dc edejaV^gZ# Kdjh aZ hVkZo! aV Y^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ eVg" i^X^eZ | aV gZX]ZgX]Z Zi | aV g ÅZm^dc hjg a¼^chZgi^dc Zi aV Y^kZgh^ÄXV" i^dc YZh ejWa^Xh Zi ZcXdjgV\Z idjiZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ YZ XZi dgYgZ# AV Y^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ ViiVX]Z jcZ ^bedgiVcXZ eVgi^Xja^ gZ | a¼Vb " a^dgVi^dc YZh XdcY^i^dch YZ k^h^iZ YZh iVWa^hhZbZcih eaVX h hdjh hdc Xdcig aZ Zi ZaaZ h¼Zhi Z[[dgX Z YZ bZiigZ Zc eaVXZ YZh Y^hedh^i^[h iZX]" c^fjZh [VX^a^iVci a¼VXX h YZh W}i^bZcih Vjm eZghdccZh ]VcY^XVe Zh Zi Y¼Veea^fjZg aZh cdgbZh gZaVi^kZh | aV XdchigjXi^dc d | aV g cdkVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa dj ]^hidg^fjZ 0 Zi Y¼VjigZ eVgi! YZh ^c^i^Vi^kZh egdedhVci YZh k^h^iZh VYVei Zh Vjm Y^[[ gZciZh XVi \dg^Zh YZ ]VcY^XVe / eZghdccZh ]VcY^XVe Zh bdiZjgh! hZchdg^ZaaZh dj bZciVaZh# AZh bjh Zh Zc \ c gVa! aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i Zc eVgi^Xja^Zg! hdci hVch VjXjc YdjiZ YZh a^Zjm YZ ajiiZ XdcigZ a¼ZmXajh^dc# A¼^ciZgkZci^dc YZ Bdch^Zjg ?VXfjZh IdjWdc eg hZciVci aV [jijgZ 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ

(')

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc ^ch^hiV^i W^Zc hjg XZi VheZXi# ?Z c¼V^ eVh YZ YdjiZ hjg aZ [V^i fjZ aV fjVa^i YZ g ÅZm^dc Zi Y¼VXi^dc YZh egd[Zhh^dc" cZah YZ bjh Z hjg aZh gZaVi^dch YZh XdaaZXi^dch VkZX aZ ejWa^X! hjg aZ Wdc jhV\Z YZ a¼ ijYZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ YZ XZh XdaaZXi^dch edjg aV b^hZ Zc kVaZjg aV eajh Y^kZghZ edhh^WaZ! Vj Xgd^hZbZci YZh Y^hX^ea^cZh Vgi^hi^" fjZh Zi YZh hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh! [dci YZh bjh Zh YZ k g^iVWaZh bV^hdch YZ aV 8jaijgZ Vj hZch d BVagVjm aZh hdj]V^iV^i Zi aZh gZcY Zmig bZ" bZci eg hZcih YVch aZ eVnhV\Z XjaijgZa Zi hdX^Va Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^# Kdjh XdchVXg^Zo jcZ iVWaZ gdcYZ | aV gZaVi^dc ZcigZ aZ bjh Z Zi aV hX^ZcXZ Zi kdjh kdjh ^ciZggd\^Zo hjg ® b[i h_igk[i Z[ bW Zec_dWj_ed Ykbjk# h[bb[ gk_ WkhW_j fk bW_ii[h Yhe_h[ gk[ bW h[Y^[hY^[ iY_[dj_Ógk[ _dZ_if[diWXb[ } jekj[ cki e]hWf^_[ [ij Z[ fbki [d fbki Z bW_ii [ ¯# ?Z i^Zch | g V[ÄgbZg ^X^ fjZ a¼deedh^i^dc hnhi bVi^fjZ ZcigZ XjaijgZa Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zhi hi " g^aZ# AV gZX]ZgX]Z V eajh fjZ _VbV^h hV eaVXZ Vj bjh Z! gZX]ZgX]Z Zc hX^ZcXZh ZmVXiZh! Zc hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh! ]^hid^gZ! ]^hid^gZ YZh Vgih! Zi]" cdad\^Z! VgX] dad\^Z! hdX^dad\^Z# AV gZcXdcigZ ZcigZ b bd^gZ Zi ]^h" id^gZ! a¼Zi]cd]^hid^gZ n egZccZci idji aZjg hZch# AZh bjh Zh hdci YZh a^Zjm YZ gZX]ZgX]Z Zi YZh a^Zjm YZ gZhi^iji^dc YZ aV gZX]ZgX]Z | idjh aZh ejWa^Xh eVg aZ Y^hXdjgh fjZ aZ bjh Z iZcY Vj ejWa^X | igVkZgh aV bjh d\gVe]^Z Zi aZh dji^ah YZ b Y^Vi^dc fj¼^a Xdc d^i | XZi Z[[Zi# AZh bjh Zh dci i Zi hdci idj_djgh YZh aVWdgVid^gZh! YZh XdaZh! YZh XdchZg" kVid^gZh# 8ZiiZ Y Äc^i^dc fjZ <Zdg\Zh"=Zcg^ G^k^ gZ YdccV^i YZh Xd" bjh Zh Zi fjZ kdjh XdccV^hhZo W^Zc Zhi idj_djgh Y¼VXijVa^i Zi kVji edjg idjh aZh bjh Zh# AZh & '%- bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^ eVg" i^X^eZci eaZ^cZbZci | a¼Vb cV\ZbZci Zi Vj Y kZadeeZbZci YZh iZgg^" id^gZh Zi | XZ i^igZ ^ah Xdchi^ijZci VkZX aZh W^Wa^di] fjZh Zi aZh hVaaZh YZ X^c bV aZh fj^eZbZcih XjaijgZah eg^k^a \^ h YZ egdm^b^i ! YZ eVg aZjg g eVgi^i^dc ]dbd\ cZ hjg a¼ZchZbWaZ Yj iZgg^id^gZ# 8ZiiZ h^ijVi^dc Zhi Y¼VjiVci eajh ^bedgiVciZ Zc b^a^Zj gjgVa d aZh bjh Zh gZeg hZc" iZci edjg (% YZh XdbbjcZh Y^hedhVci Y¼jc bjh Z YZ ;gVcXZ aZ hZja fj^eZbZci XjaijgZa djkZgi Vj ejWa^X# :c Z[[Zi! Y¼jcZ eVgi ^ah Xdcig^" WjZci Vj g fj^a^WgV\Z YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zc kZ^aaVci cdiVbbZci | ^ch " gZg aZjg d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ YVch aZh eda^i^fjZh ejWa^fjZh Y¼Vb cV\ZbZci Yj iZgg^id^gZ edjg Y bjai^ea^Zg aZjg ^beVXi Zi b^Zjm g edcYgZ Vjm ViiZciZh YZh X^idnZch# 9¼VjigZ eVgi! ^ah eVgi^X^eZci Vj Y kZadeeZbZci! | a¼VXXgd^hhZbZci YZ a¼ViigVXi^k^i YZh iZgg^id^gZh d ^ah hdci ^beaVci h Zc [Vkdg^hVci cdiVbbZci aZ Y kZadeeZbZci Yj idjg^hbZ Zi Vj Y kZ" adeeZbZci adXVa | igVkZgh aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh VXi^k^i h ^cYj^iZh# 6XiZjg | eVgi Zci^ gZ YVch aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh XdcigVXijZaaZh iZgg^idg^VaZh! ^ah Yd^kZci edjkd^g Y Äc^g YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh fj^ h¼^ch gZci YVch aZh Y^[[ gZcih Y^hedh^i^[h YZ XdcigVXijV" '&)

B[ cej Z[ YedYbki_ed Zk c_d_ij h[ Z[ bW 9kbjkh[

a^hVi^dc b^h Zc ¶jkgZ eVg a¼wiVi Zi eVg aZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh! YVch YZh eVgiZcVg^Vih bjai^eaZh iZcVci XdbeiZ YZ a¼ kdaji^dc YZ aV a \^haVi^dc ad^ hjg aZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ! XdYZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ! ad^ hjg aV Xdde gVi^dc ^ciZgXdbbjcVaZ! Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc # :c iZcVci XdbeiZ Vjhh^ YZh WdjaZkZghZbZcih Zi cdjkZVjm Zc_Zjm YZ hdX^ i / Y kZadeeZ" bZci Yj iZbeh a^WgZ! k^Z^aa^hhZbZci YZ aV edejaVi^dc! VXXgd^hhZbZci YZ aV bdW^a^i Ydb^X^aZ"igVkV^a! eg XVg^i ! cdjkZaaZ eVjkgZi ! c dgjgV" a^i ! XdcXZcigVi^dch jgWV^cZh! aVg\^hhZbZci Zjgde Zc! ^ciZgcVi^dcVa^" hVi^dc YZh X]Vc\Zh# 9Vch aZjg ^bbZchZ bV_dg^i ! XZh iVWa^hhZbZcih Y eZcYZci YZh XdaaZXi^k^i h iZgg^idg^VaZh Zi eg^cX^eVaZbZci YZh Xdb" bjcZh# 6jhh^ aV b^hZ Zc ¶jkgZ YZ \gVcYZh dg^ZciVi^dch Y Äc^Zh eVg a¼wiVi Zhi"ZaaZ c XZhhV^gZbZci ^cX^iVi^kZ! eVgiZcVg^VaZ Zi XdcigVXijZaaZ# :c iZgbZ YZ eVgiZcVg^Vi! a¼^bea^XVi^dc YZh Y eVgiZbZcih Zi hjgidji YZh g \^dch YVch YZh ad\^fjZh Y¼Vc^bVi^dc Zi YZ b^hZ Zc Xd] gZcXZ YZh eda^i^fjZh iZgg^idg^VaZh eZgbZiigV^i YZ Y eVhhZg aZh a^b^iZh Y¼jcZ gZaVi^dc ZmXajh^kZ VkZX aZh XdbbjcZh dj b bZ aZh higjXijgZh ^ciZg" XdbbjcVaZh# AZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ hZgV^Zci V^ch^ ZcXdjgV\ h | gZc" [dgXZg aV egd[Zhh^dccVa^hVi^dc YZ aZjg eZghdccZa hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Zi Xjaij" gZa Xdc[dgb bZci | aV a \^haVi^dc Zc k^\jZjg# 8Z gZc[dgXZbZci edjg aZh eZi^iZh higjXijgZh bjh VaZh edjggV^i eVhhZg eVg aZh XdchZgkVi^dch Y eVgiZbZciVaZh fj^ hZgV^Zci VbZc Zh | Xg Zg YZh edhiZh bjijVa^h h edjg eajh^Zjgh eZi^ih bjh Zh YVch aZ YdbV^cZ hX^Zci^ÄfjZ XdbbZ YVch XZaj^ YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc# :c bVi^ gZ YZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZ a¼ YjXVi^dc Vgi^hi^fjZ Zi Xjaij" gZaaZ! YVch aV bZhjgZ d aZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ hdci eVg ZhhZcXZ YZh a^Zjm YZ XZiiZ YjXVi^dc! YZh a^Zjm YZ gZcXdcigZ VkZX a¼¶jkgZ Y¼Vgi Zi aV Xg Vi^dc! aZ Y kZadeeZbZci YZh Xdbe iZcXZh Zi YZh hVkd^g"[V^gZ VXfj^h eVg aZjgh egd[Zhh^dccZah edjggV^i igZ ZcXdjgV\ VÄc YZ gZc[dgXZg ZcXdgZ aZh a^Zch i^hh h VkZX a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh iVWa^hhZbZcih hXdaV^gZh# >a bZ eVgV i fjZ aZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ \V\cZgV^Zci | bVc^[ZhiZg XZ g aZ ZhhZci^Za eVg aV bjai^ea^XVi^dc YZ XdckZci^dch YZ _jbZaV\Z gZcYjZh ejWa^fjZh VkZX aZh iVWa^hhZbZcih hXdaV^gZh# >a hZbWaZ ^bedgiVci fjZ aZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ ej^hhZci gZc[dg" XZg aZjg eVgiZcVg^Vi! aZjg XdaaVWdgVi^dc Zi aZjg Xdde gVi^dc# ² XZ i^igZ! ^ah eZjkZci bZiigZ Zc eaVXZ YZh egd_Zih YZ Xdde gVi^dc VkZX Y¼VjigZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ Zi Y¼VjigZh bjh Zh Y¼:jgdeZ! edjg b^Zjm kVadg^" hZg aZh XdaaZXi^dch Zi aZh gZcYgZ eajh k^h^WaZh# 8ZiiZ Xdde gVi^dc eZji egZcYgZ aV [dgbZ Y¼jcZ b^hZ Zc Xdbbjc YZ a¼^c[dgbVi^hVi^dc Zi YZ aV cjb g^hVi^dc YZh [dcYh! edjg egdbdjkd^g YZ cdjkZVjm egdYj^ih Zi hZgk^XZh Zc a^\cZ dj YZ idjiZ VjigZ de gVi^dc XdbbjcZ YZ egdbd" i^dc idjg^hi^fjZ# 9Zh egd_Zih YZ Xdde gVi^dc VkZX aZh VjigZh higjXijgZh ('+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

XjaijgZaaZh! XZcigZh Y¼Vgi! W^Wa^di] fjZh! i] }igZh dj XdaZh YZ bjh^" fjZ! V^ch^ fjZ YZh higjXijgZh idjg^hi^fjZh idjg de gViZjgh! Xdb^i h YZ idjg^hbZ ! dj Xdcdb^fjZh X]VbWgZh XdchjaV^gZh! ZcigZeg^hZh! jc^dch YZ XdbbZg Vcih ! dj hdX^VaZh b^hh^dch adXVaZh! [dnZgh gjgVjm! YjXV" i^dc edejaV^gZ! 6ceZ fj^ ¶jkgZci Zc [VkZjg Yj Y kZadeeZbZci Yj iZgg^id^gZ adXVa# :cÄc YZh egd_Zih YZ Xdde gVi^dc VkZX Y¼VjigZh bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ edjg h¼^ci \gZg YVch jcZ higVi \^Z YZ Y kZadeeZbZci iZgg^" idg^Va eaZ^cZbZci Vhhjb Z eVg aZh VXiZjgh adXVjm! eda^i^fjZh! Xdcd" b^fjZh! hdX^Vjm Zi$d hdjiZcjZ | jcZ X]ZaaZ eajh aVg\Z \gdjeZ YZ XdbbjcZh! ^ciZgXdbbjcVa^i ! eVnh! Y eVgiZbZci! g \^dc ! dj YZh egd_Zih YZ Xdde gVi^dc fj^ bZiiZci Zc ¶jkgZ YZh eVgiZcVg^Vih ZcigZ VXiZjgh ejWa^Xh dj eg^k h# ?¼^ch^hiZ hjg a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ g hZVjm egd[Zh" h^dccZah Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZh! fjZaaZ fjZ hd^i aV [dgbZ fj¼^ah gZk iZci# 8¼Zhi gZY^gZ | cdjkZVj XdbW^Zc aV b^hh^dc egd[Zhh^dccZaaZ Zhi Y^[ÄX^aZ Zi ZmVaiVciZ# :c iVci idj_djgh hdjgX^aaZjm YZ a¼ gjY^i^dc aV eajh ed^cijZ! YZ aV egdYjXi^dc YZ XdccV^hhVcXZh [dcYVbZciVaZh! Zc YZbZjgVci aZh \gVcYh hVkVcih fj^ hdci aV ÄZgi YZ cdh ^chi^iji^dch bjh VaZh! ^ah Yd^" kZci igZ hVch XZhhZ ViiZci^[h Vjm kdaji^dch hdX^deda^i^fjZh! cdjZg YZh XdciVXih VkZX YZh eZghdccVa^i h Zi YZh VXiZjgh Y^kZgh^Ä h Yj bdcYZ YZ a¼ZcigZeg^hZ Vj bdcYZ YZ a¼VXi^dc hdX^VaZ 0 VkZX YZh edgiZjgh Y¼^ccdkV" i^dc iZX]cdad\^fjZ! VkZX YZh Vgi^hiZh Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^! idjiZh Y^hX^ea^cZh g jc^Zh# AV fjVa^i YZ eajh^Zjgh g Va^hVi^dch Zc Xdjgh Y bdcigZ VWhdaj" bZci XZiiZ ZmigVdgY^cV^gZ XVeVX^i # AV [ZgbZ YZh EaVcdch YVch a¼6^c k^Zci YZ gZXZkd^g jcZ Y^hi^cXi^dc Zjgde ZccZ# AZ bjh Z YZ CdgbVc" Y^Z edjghj^i jcZ ZmiZch^dc Zi jcZ g cdkVi^dc VbW^i^ZjhZ! idji XdbbZ aZ BjhZdc 6gaViZc! Y¼VjigZh ZmZbeaZh edjggV^Zci igZ X^i h fj^ bVc^" [ZhiZci aZ YncVb^hbZ YZh bjh Zh [gVc V^h YZ hdX^ i # 9Vch XZ XdciZmiZ! ^a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ aZh bjh Zh Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z! Y¼Vc" i]gdedad\^Z Zi Y¼]^hid^gZ! aZh bjh Zh Ydci aZh Y^hX^ea^cZh hdci aZh hX^Zc" XZh ]jbV^cZh! dci | aZjg edgi Z jc ^bbZchZ X]Vbe Y¼VXi^dc# >ah eZj" kZci eVgi^X^eZg Y¼jcZ bVc^ gZ b^cZciZ Vjm \gVcYZh XdchigjXi^dch hdX^deda^i^fjZh Y¼Vj_djgY¼]j^# :c iVci YZh a^Zjm YZ eVg[V^iZ a^WZgi YZ eZch Z Zi Y¼ZmegZhh^dc! ^ah hdci aZh \VgY^Zch Zi aZh VXiZjgh YZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z eda^i^fjZ# >ah eVgi^X^eZci | jcZ \adWVa^hVi^dc eVX^ÄfjZ YZh X]Vc\Zh# EVgi^Xja^ gZbZci YVch a¼ZheVXZ Xdci^cZciVa fj^ cdjh Zhi egdegZ! aV \gVcYZ :jgdeZ Zi aZ edjgidjg b Y^iZggVc Zc! ^ah hdci aZ [Zg" bZci YZ aV Y^kZgh^i Zi YZ aV ida gVcXZ# AV gZY Äc^i^dc YZh 6gih Zi YZh IgVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh Zc bjh Z YZh 8^k^a^hVi^dch YZ a¼:jgdeZ Zi YZ aV B Y^iZggVc Z h¼Zc kZji aZ egdidineZ# CdigZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h igVYj^i bd^h Veg h bd^h XZh XZgi^ijYZh Zc VXi^dch# 8¼Zhi edjgfjd^ _Z egZcYh '&+

B[ cej Z[ YedYbki_ed Zk c_d_ij h[ Z[ bW 9kbjkh[

aV a^WZgi YZ X^iZg edjg iZgb^cZg aZ egdedh Y¼>hVX 8]^kV fj^! adgh YZ aV g jc^dc Yj Xdb^i hX^Zci^ÄfjZ Yj Bj8Zb! hZ egdcdc V^i hjg aV c XZhh^i YZ X]Vc\ZbZci XVg XZ egdedh kVji edjg idjh aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i # ?Z X^iZ >hVX 8]^kV / ® BW <hWdY[ [ij fheXWXb[c[dj b[ h ikc b[ fbki [njhWehZ_dW_h[ Z[ Z_l[hi_j i Z[ jekj[i iehj[i" ] e]hWf^_gk[i" ^_ijeh_gk[i" Ykbjkh[bb[i" b_d]k_ij_gk[i" j[Y^debe]_gk[i gkÊkd fWoi [khef [d f[kj fhefei[h$ ?b c[ i[cXb[ feii_Xb[ [j iek^W_jWXb[ Z[ \WXh_gk[h kd fhe]hWcc[ _dj[bb[Y# jk[b \ehj" f[hj_d[dj" Zedj kd[ fWhj_[ i[hW fbki ek ce_di ZkhWXb[" [d jekj YWi fWi f[hcWd[dj[" Zedj kd[ Wkjh[ fWhj_[" bW fbki _cfehjWdj[" Yedi_ij[hW [d kd h[dekl[bb[c[dj cki e]hWf^_gk[ Yedj_dk" dekhh_" Y^ei[ YWf_jWb[" Z[ bÊekl[h# jkh[ Z[ bÊ_dij_jkj_ed ikh b[ h[ij[ Zk cedZ[ iY_[dj_Ógk[ \hWd W_i" [khef [d" c Z_j[hhWd [d$ ¯

('-

Hnci] hZ Zi XdcXajh^dc

8aVjYZ 7ZgigVcY K^XZ"eg h^YZci Yj 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ! X]Vg\ YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ! hj^k^ YZ /

?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo 9^gZXiZjg YZ a¼DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh

8aVjYZ 7ZgigVcY BZgX^# ?Z cZ hj^h eVh a| edjg XdcXajgZ! X]Zg ?ZVc"8aVjYZ! ?ZVc" E^ZggZ HVZo aZ [ZgV b^Zjm fjZ bd^ hVch VjXjc YdjiZ# 8¼Zhi kgV^" bZci VkZX eaV^h^g fjZ _¼V^ VXXZei Y¼ igZ VkZX kdjh XZ hd^g eVgXZ fjZ kdigZ X]d^m YZ kZc^g ^X^! | <gZcdWaZ! Zc >h gZ! Vj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Vj bdbZci d ^a [ iZ hdc XZci^ bZ Vcc^kZghV^gZ! X¼Zhi jcZ gZXdccV^h" hVcXZ! _Z aZ gZ d^h XdbbZ V! Yj igVkV^a VXXdbea^ eVg XZiiZ ^chi^iji^dc YZej^h hV cV^hhVcXZ# 9dcX bZgX^ ZcXdgZ jcZ [d^h Y¼Vkd^g [V^i a¼Z[[dgi YZ cdjh gZ_d^cYgZ Vj WdgY YZ XZiiZ WZaaZ g^k^ gZ fj¼Zhi a¼>h gZ# B ÄZo" kdjh! b bZ h^ a¼ZVj cZ kdjh VeeVgV i eVh XaV^gZ! X¼Zhi jcZ g^k^ gZ YZ fjVa^i # CZ hdnZo eVh ^cfj^Zih eVg gVeedgi | aV XdjaZjg# AV fjVa^i YZh eVgi^X^eVcih | XZh YZjm _djgc Zh · _¼VjgV^h V^b ! _Z cZ kdjh aZ XVX]Z eVh! igZ edjg eVgi^Z VkZX kdjh! _¼VjgV^h eg [ g XdbbZ bV Xdaa \jZ 7g^" \^iiZ E g^aa^ ! XdchZ^aa gZ \ c gVaZ \VaZbZci Zi bV^gZ YZ K^[! YVch jcZ XdbbjcZ d kdjh VkZo eZji" igZ hj^k^ YVch aV egZhhZ cdjh Vkdch [V^i YZgc^ gZbZci jcZ ig h WZaaZ Y XdjkZgiZ YVch a¼ \a^hZ YZ K^[ YZ eZ^cij" gZh bjgVaZh fj^ VeeVgZbbZci gZeg hZciZci jc bV\c^ÄfjZ ig hdg# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼dc Zhi Vj"YZa| YZh X^cf XZci b igZh XVgg h YZ eZ^cijgZh! X¼Zhi VhhZo [VWjaZjm# BV^h kd^a|! fjVcY dc VhhjbZ YZh gZhedchVW^a^i h YVch jcZ VhhZbWa Z Y eVgiZbZciVaZ! dc c¼Zhi eVh idj_djgh a| d dc V^bZ" gV^i edjkd^g hZ igdjkZg# 6adgh X¼Zhi kgV^ fjZ cdjh hdbbZh Zc eaZ^cZ Xdbb bdgVi^dc YZ XZh XZci Vch Zi aZh Xdbb bdgVi^dch hdci idj_djgh eg X^ZjhZh Y¼VWdgY eVgXZ fj¼ZaaZh cdjh YdccZci a¼dXXVh^dc · Zi V V i aZ XVh ^X^ · YZ [V^gZ aV [ iZ# 8¼Zhi ^bedgiVci YZ edjkd^g [V^gZ aV [ iZ Vjhh^ YZ iZbeh Zc iZbeh# BV^h jcZ Xdbb bdgVi^dc eZgbZi Vjhh^ Y¼d[" [g^g Vj ejWa^X YZh Zmedh^i^dch cdjkZaaZh! YZh djkgV\Zh Y^kZgh · kdjh ('/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

VkZo ej aZ XdchiViZg Zc k^h^iVci aZh a^Zjm Zi Zc Y XdjkgVci XZ fj^ Zhi eg hZci # BV^h XZh Xdbb bdgVi^dch cZ hdci kgV^bZci ji^aZh · bZ hZbWaZ"i"^a · fjZ h^ ZaaZh hZgkZci | b^Zjm Y Äc^g aV eaVXZ Zi aV [dcXi^dc YZ cdh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh! edjg Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi edjg YZbV^c XZaV kV YZ hd^# AV g ÅZm^dc fjZ kdjh XdcYj^hZo Zhi YdcX edjg cdjh ig h eg " X^ZjhZ Zi _Z [V^h XdcÄVcXZ | ?ZVc <j^WVa! ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh Zi idjiZ a¼ fj^eZ YZ aV 8dchZgkVi^dc Yj eVig^bd^cZ YZ a¼>h gZ YZ i^gZg egdÄi YZ XZ fj^ h¼Zhi Y^i Zi Y WViij ^X^ YZej^h ]^Zg# ?Z aZ Y^hV^h / _Z cZ hj^h eVh Yj idji fjVa^Ä edjg iZciZg jcZ hnci] hZ YZ kdh igVkVjm XdbbZ ?ZVc"8aVjYZ VkV^i a¼V^g YZ b¼n ^ck^iZg! cdigZ Vb^ HVZo aZ [ZgV hVch YdjiZ W^Zc b^Zjm fjZ bd^ YdcX _Z aj^ aV^hhZ XZiiZ gZhedchVW^a^i # ?Z eZjm idji Vj bd^ch ZhhVnZg YZ YdccZg gVe^YZbZci jc ed^ci YZ kjZ! XZaj^ YZ a¼ aj fjZ _Z hj^h! YZ adc\jZ YViZ Zc\V\ YVch aZh fjZhi^dch XjaijgZaaZh Zi eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci hZch^WaZ Vj Y kZadeeZ" bZci XjaijgZa Zi Vjm bjh Zh# :i W^Zc h g YZ b¼^ciZggd\Zg VkZX kdjh hjg aZh eZgheZXi^kZh fj^ h¼djkgZci YZkVci cdjh# EVgYdccZo"bd^ YZ XdbbZcXZg eVg jc Y^hXdjgh idiVaZbZci ^bbd" YZhiZ# :cÄc X¼Zhi jc bVjkV^h bdbZci | eVhhZg# ?Z Yd^h kdjh gVeeZaZg fjZ a¼>h gZ Zhi a¼jc YZh Y eVgiZbZcih [gVc V^h aZh eajh Zc\V\ h YVch aZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# 8¼Zhi jc WjY\Zi YZ (* b^aa^dch Y¼Zjgdh V[[ZX" i h | aV XjaijgZ# ?Z Xgd^h fj¼^a c¼Zm^hiZ eVh WZVjXdje YZ Y eVgiZbZcih | XZ c^kZVj# ?Z aZ Y^h hVch Zheg^i eVgi^hVc ej^hfjZ XZiiZ eda^i^fjZ Zhi VcX^ZccZ! XZi Zc\V\ZbZci h¼^chXg^i YVch aV Yjg Z! fjZaaZ fjZ hd^i aV bV_dg^i Y eVgiZbZciVaZ fj^ V^i Zj Zc X]Vg\Z aZh V[[V^gZh YZ XZ Y eVg" iZbZci YZ a¼>h gZ# ?Z eg X^hZgV^ fjVcY b bZ fjZ YZej^h '%%' · kdjh XdbegZcYgZo edjgfjd^ _Z eVgaZ YZ '%%' · aZh bdnZch VXXdgY h | aV XjaijgZ dci hZch^WaZbZci Vj\bZci # ?Z Yd^h edjkd^g kdjh Y^gZ fj¼Zc" igZ '%%' Zi '%%, aZ WjY\Zi YZ aV XjaijgZ Yj Y eVgiZbZci YZ a¼>h gZ V Vj\bZci YZ )% # BV^h Vj"YZa| YZ a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZh bdnZch! ^a n V aV kdadci eda^i^fjZ YZ [V^gZ b^Zjm! YZ W^Zc ZbeadnZg XZh bdnZch# :i [V^gZ b^Zjm bZ hZbWaZ"i"^a Zc bVi^ gZ XjaijgZaaZ! X¼Zhi fjd^ 4 >a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ XZ c¼Zhi eVh hZjaZbZci hdjiZc^g jc XViVad\jZ YZ eajh Zc eajh adjgY YZ egdYjXi^dch XjaijgZaaZh! XZ c¼Zhi eVh djkg^g YZ cdjkZa" aZh ^chi^iji^dch eVgidji! XZ c¼Zhi eVh ^ck^iZg hZjaZbZci YZ cdjkZVjm Vgi^hiZh# Idji XZaV W^Zc ZciZcYj Yd^i igZ [V^i VkZX _jhiZ bZhjgZ! bV^h ^a cZ _jhi^ÄZ eVh | aj^ hZja a¼Zc\V\ZbZci YZ iZah bdnZch ejWa^Xh# >a bZ hZbWaZ fjZ aZ b^Zjm Zc bVi^ gZ XjaijgZaaZ X¼Zhi YZ XdckV^cXgZ YZ cdj" kZVjm ejWa^Xh! X¼Zhi YZ eVgiV\Zg b^Zjm ZcXdgZ! X¼Zhi Y¼d[[g^g eajh aVg\Z" bZci# :i cdjh YZkdch XdcYj^gZ XZi aVg\^hhZbZci VkZX WZVjXdje YZ eg XVji^dch VÄc YZ cZ eVh _j\Zg YZ aV kVaZjg YZh egdedh^i^dch XjaijgZa" aZh Vj hZja hjXX h YZ [g fjZciVi^dch fj¼ZaaZh gZcXdcigZci! X¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ ''%

Iodj^ i[ [j YedYbki_ed

YZ cZ eVh idbWZg! XdbbZ XZaV V i bVa]ZjgZjhZbZci aZ XVh fjZafjZ" [d^h! YVch aZ e^ \Z YZ a¼VjY^bVi# ?Z cZ kV^h eVh gZkZc^g hjg XZh fjZhi^dch YZ Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc Y¼VXX h | aV XjaijgZ! kdjh aZh VkZo igV^i Zh Vj Xdjgh YZ XZh _djgc Zh# ?¼V^ Zj a¼dXXVh^dc YZ eVgXdjg^g jcZ eVgi^Z Yj Y eVgiZ" bZci VkZX ?ZVc <j^WVa ]^Zg hd^g edjg VaaZg _jhiZbZci eg hZciZg jcZ Zmedh^i^dc fj^ V [V^i hj^iZ | jc ^ckZciV^gZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ YVch igd^h XVcidch YZ cdigZ Y eVgiZbZci! YdcX _¼V^ ej X]Vc\Zg VkZX ?ZVc <j^WVa YVch aV kd^ijgZ fj^ b¼V jc eZj Y^i XZ fj^ h¼ iV^i Y^i Zi Y WViij Zc XZh a^Zjm ]^Zg# 9dcX kdjh aZh VkZo aVg\ZbZci igV^i Zh Vj Xdjgh YZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh VkZX aZh bZ^aaZjgh he X^Va^hiZh# BV^h XdbbZci cZ eVh igZ iZc" Yjh kZgh XZi dW_ZXi^[ 4 8dbbZci VXXZeiZg fj¼jcZ eVgi^Z ^bedgiVciZ YZ cdh XdcX^idnZch [dci eVgi^Z YZ XZ fj¼dc VeeZaaZ eVg Zje] b^hbZ aZh cdc"ejWa^Xh 4 AZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah XdbbZ aZh VXiZjgh eda^i^fjZh cZ eZjkZci hZ g hdjYgZ | XZiiZ eVgi^i^dc YZ aV hdX^ i ® ZcigZ XZjm fj^ n kdci Zi XZjm fj^ c¼n kdci eVh ¯ · XZaV X¼Zhi W^Zc YVje]^cd^h XdbbZ ZmegZhh^dc · ZcigZ XZjm fj^ dci idji ad^h^g Y¼Veeg X^Zg Zi XZjm fj^ cZ aZ eZjkZci eVh# CdigZ 8dchZ^a \ c gVa h¼Zhi Ydi ! hjg bV hj\\Zhi^dc! Y¼jcZ eda^" i^fjZ fjZ cdjh Vkdch cdbb Z ® XjaijgZ Zi a^Zc hdX^Va ¯# Dc VjgV^i ej hVch YdjiZ igdjkZg jc VjigZ iZgbZ# 6kZX jc ÄcVcXZbZci he X^Ä" fjZ! bd^ch edjg cdh egdegZh ^chi^iji^dch Ydci cdjh hVkdch fj¼ZaaZh ¶jkgZci VjiVci fj¼^a Zhi edhh^WaZ YVch XZ hZch · cdjh aZjg Zc gVeeZadch Y¼V^aaZjgh g \ja^ gZbZci aV b^hh^dc · bV^h eaji i edjg ^ck^iZg idjh cdh eVgiZcV^gZh | ZcigZiZc^g XZi dW_ZXi^[! | Zc [V^gZ jcZ eg^dg^i # 9Vch idjh aZh hZXiZjgh YZ aV XjaijgZ! cdjh YZkdch kZ^aaZg | iZciZg YZ hjeeg^" bZg aZh WVgg^ gZh! | egdedhZg YZh VXi^dch he X^ÄfjZh! edjg \V\cZg aV XdcÄVcXZ YZ cdjkZVjm ejWa^Xh eajh dj bd^ch Y^gZXiZbZci Zbe X] h YZ [g fjZciZg aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh# >a n V W^Zc ZciZcYj aZh WVg" g^ gZh YZ aV Y^hiVcXZ! Zi aV XdcXZcigVi^dc YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh YVch aZh \gVcYh XZcigZh jgWV^ch Zhi Y _| jc egZb^Zg egdWa bZ# Cdjh Vkdch iZci Y¼n g edcYgZ Zc ^ck^iVci VkZX fjZafjZ [ZgbZi aZh XdbeV" \c^Zh YZ i] }igZ Zi YZ YVchZ | hZ egdYj^gZ eVgidji hjg cdigZ iZgg^id^gZ! Zc VeedgiVci jcZ V^YZ | aV Y^[[jh^dc# >a cZ hj[Äi eVh Y¼Zm^\Zg! ^a [Vji Vjhh^ V^YZg# Cdjh Vkdch b^h Zc eaVXZ jc X]Ve^iZVj YZ a¼>h gZ fj^ idjgcZ Yj eg^ciZbeh | a¼VjidbcZ hjg idji aZ iZgg^id^gZ Y eVgiZbZciVa Zi fj^ egdedhZ jcZ egd\gVbbVi^dc YZ fjVa^i ! aV b bZ egd\gVbbVi^dc fjZ a¼dc eZji igdjkZg YVch aZh bZ^aaZjgZh hVaaZh YZ aV \gVcYZ V\\adb gV" i^dc \gZcdWad^hZ! dj YZ K^ZccZ! dj YZ 7djg\d^c! dj YZ Andc! h^ a¼dc fj^iiZ aZh a^b^iZh YZ cdigZ Y eVgiZbZci# 9Vch aZ YdbV^cZ Yj eVig^" bd^cZ Zi Vjidjg Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h! cdjh Vkdch Xdchigj^i idji jc g hZVj YZ bjh Zh Y eVgiZbZciVjm dj VhhdX^ h! g hZVj fj^ eZgbZi aZ (('

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

eVgiV\Z VkZX Y¼VjigZh ejWa^Xh# B^Zjm! X¼Zhi YdcX idjiZ cdigZ eda^i^fjZ eVig^bdc^VaZ fj^ Y¼jc ^ckZciV^gZ | jc X]Vci^Zg VgX] dad\^fjZ! Y¼jcZ gZhiVjgVi^dc YZ X]VeZaaZ | XZaaZ Y¼jc [djg | eV^c eZgbZi aZ b bZ igV" kV^a XjaijgZa! aZ b bZ X]Vc\Z! aV b bZ igVchb^hh^dc YZ hVkd^gh Zi YZ kVaZjgh fj¼jcZ Zmedh^i^dc YVch jc \gVcY bjh Z jgWV^c# BV^h aZh Y^h" iVcXZh fj^ cdjh h eVgZci YZ aV XjaijgZ cZ hdci eVh fjZ e]nh^fjZh! X]V" Xjc aZ hV^i! Zi ^a Zhi YZh [gdci^ gZh W^Zc eajh adjgYZh! W^Zc eajh iVcX]Zh fj¼ZaaZh hd^Zci hdX^VaZh! Xdcdb^fjZh dj \ c gVi^dccZaaZh# ?Z cZ kV^h eVh X^iZg idjiZh aZh VXi^dch fjZ cdjh XdcYj^hdch dj hdjiZcdch kZgh aZh ejWa^Xh Zbe X] h! kZgh aZh ]VcY^XVe h! YVch aZh eg^hdch! Zc XZ fj¼^a Zhi XdckZcj Y¼VeeZaZg aZh fjVgi^Zgh! Zc ] e^iVa! YVch aZh bV^hdch YZ gZigV^iZ! Zi _Z hV^h fj¼ZaaZh hZ gZigdjkZci Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch aV eajeVgi YZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh Zi X¼Zhi jc ^cY c^VWaZ egd\g h# 8Z c¼Zhi Vhhjg bZci eVh hj[ÄhVci# 9j bd^ch V"i"dc aV Xdck^Xi^dc Zc ^chi^ijVci XZiiZ eda^i^fjZ YZ Y h^\cZg a¼dW_ZXi^[! YZ bdcigZg aV kd^Z Zi YZ Xdc[dgiZg idjh XZjm fj^ iZciZci YZ a¼ZbegjciZg# H¼V\^hhVci YZh bjh Zh Ydci kdjh kdfjZo aZ g aZ Vj_djgY¼]j^! _Z YZkgV^h kdjh Y^gZ fjZ aZ ejWa^X \gZcdWad^h Zi ^h gd^h iVci ]VW^ij Vj g aZ fjZ _djZ aZ Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h YZej^h eajh YZ igZciZ Vch Y _|! cZ hZ edhZ eajh aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV Y Äc^i^dc Y¼jc bjh Z Zc gZ\VgY YZ aV hdX^ i # 9Zej^h Y _| aZh Vcc Zh &.,% dj aZ Y Wji YZh Vcc Zh &.-% VkZX ® AZ GdbVc YZh <gZcdWad^h ¯ eVg ZmZbeaZ! X¼Zhi jc cdjkZVj gVeedgi | a¼]^hid^gZ Zi Vj eVig^bd^cZ fj^ h¼^ch^cjZ! X¼Zhi ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci ej^h ?ZVc <j^WVa! Vj_djgY¼]j^ ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh Zi idjh aZjgh Xdaa " \jZh! _Z eZchZ | >hVWZaaZ AVo^Zg! | 8]VciVa He^aaZbVZX`Zg! ?ZVc"EVhXVa ?dhe^c fj^ dci ¶jkg YVch aV b bZ Y^gZXi^dc! Zi _Z hj^h eVgi^Xja^ gZ" bZci ]ZjgZjm YZ XZiiZ Xdci^cj^i # AZh Zmedh^i^dch hjg aZh Xdbbj" cVji h Y¼dg^\^cZ igVc\ gZ hdci aZh eajh XdccjZh | _jhiZ i^igZ Zi bVg" fjZci XZ cdjkZVj g aZ Yj bjh Z# BV^h ® GZhiZo A^WgZh ¯ VXijZaaZbZci dj ® AZh B^aa cV^gZh YZ 9^Zj ¯ Zc '%%% dj ® AV 9^[[ gZcXZ ¯ hdci YZh Zmedh^i^dch fj^ dci _dj Zi _djZci jc g aZ Y X^h^[ edjg aV gZaVi^dc fjZ aZ ejWa^X ZcigZi^Zci VkZX aZ bjh Z# BV^h cdjh iZcidch YZ XdcYj^gZ XZiiZ b bZ eda^i^fjZ YVch aV eajeVgi h^cdc YVch idjh cdh bjh Zh Y eVgiZ" bZciVjm# 8ZaV kZji Y^gZ fjZ idji hj_Zi eVig^bdc^Va Yd^i igZ eZch YVch XZ gVeedgi Vjm eg dXXjeVi^dch YZ cdigZ iZbeh! fjZ aZ fjZhi^dc" cZbZci Yd^i igZ idj_djgh eg hZci Zi b bZ [dcYViZjg YZ aV Y bVgX]Z XjaijgZaaZ# ?Z Xgd^h WZVjXdje | aV XVeVX^i YZ cdigZ gZaVi^dc | a¼]^hid^gZ Zi Vj eVig^bd^cZ | [djgc^g h^cdc YZh g edchZh Yj bd^ch YZh ^ciZggd" \Vi^dch fj^ dci jc hZch edjg cdjh Vj_djgY¼]j^ Zi fj^ eZjkZci XaV^gZg cdh X]d^m edjg a¼VkZc^g# 8Z XdbWVi edjg a¼ aVg\^hhZbZci YZh ejWa^Xh eVhhZ Vjhh^ eVg aV kVadg^hVi^dc Zi aV Y^kZgh^i XjaijgZaaZh# Fj¼ZaaZh '''

Iodj^ i[ [j YedYbki_ed

hd^Zci Y hdgbV^h gZXdccjZh eVg a¼JcZhXd XdbbZ jcZ eg^dg^i cZ hj[Äi eVh! ^a [Vji kZ^aaZg | XZ fj¼ZaaZh hd^Zci ^ci \g Zh YVch idjiZh cdh VXi^dch! YVch a¼ZchZbWaZ YZ cdh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh# 8Z fj^ kZji Y^gZ Vjhh^ fj¼^a [Vji bVc^Zg VkZX eg XVji^dc YVch aZh eda^i^fjZh eVig^" bdc^VaZh aZh gVeedgih VkZX aZh ^YZci^i h XjaijgZaaZh# :i cdjh YZbZj" gdch k^\^aVcih VÄc fjZ aZh bjh Zh dj aZh Zmedh^i^dch fj^ XdchVXgZci YZh ^YZci^i h adXVaZh dj XdbbjcVjiV^gZh c¼ kdajZci eVh kZgh jc gZea^ hjg ZaaZh"b bZh! fjZ XZh VXi^dch idji Vj XdcigV^gZ djkgZci kZgh a¼Va" i g^i ! edgiZci YZh kVaZjgh YZ gZheZXi YZh VjigZh XjaijgZh! ^ck^iZci | aV Y XdjkZgiZ YZh VjigZh [dgbZh YZ hdX^ i # :c XZaV! Zc VYVeiVci aZ igV" kV^a eVig^bdc^Va Zi bjh Va | XZh ViiZciZh! a¼djkZgijgZ | YZ cdjkZVjm ejWa^Xh# 8¼Zhi Zc VYVeiVci aV cdi^dc b bZ YZ XjaijgZ fjZ a¼dc eZji Zhe gZg YZ cdjkZVjm ejWa^Xh Zi cdc eVh Zc kdjaVci | idji eg^m [V^gZ ZcigZg aZ ejWa^X YVch YZh higjXijgZh XjaijgZaaZh fj^ gZhiZgV^Zci Ä\ Zh hjg aZh b bZh egd_Zih# H^ a¼dc Xdck^Zci YZ XZh eg^cX^eZh \ c gVjm! Vadgh ^a [Vji gZXdccV " igZ fjZ aZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh egZccZci jc hZch cdjkZVj! ZaaZh hdci VbZc Zh | _djZg jc g aZ YZ eajh Zc eajh ^bedgiVci YVch cdh hdX^ i h# ?Z Y^gV^h b bZ fjZ YVch jc XdciZmiZ YZ Xg^hZ ^YZci^iV^gZ dj YZ bdcY^V" a^hVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! d aZ g aZ Yj bjh Z Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ Zhi Y iZgb^" cVci! ^a hZgV b bZ! bZ hZbWaZ"i"^a! YZ eajh Zc eajh Y iZgb^cVci Zi W^Zc h g Y¼VWdgY edjg aZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i ! XZjm fj^ iZciZci YZ [V^gZ eVg" iV\Zg jcZ ]^hid^gZ XdbbjcZ! YZh hnbWdaZh Xdbbjch! jc hZci^bZci Y¼VeeVgiZcVcXZ | jcZ XdbbjcVji dj | jc iZgg^id^gZ# >a [Vji Xdch^" Y gZg fjZ aZh ajh fj^ XdcYj^hZci XZh eda^i^fjZh XdbbZ aZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah fj^ aZh bZiiZci Zc [dgbZ dci jcZ b^hh^dc bV_ZjgZ! fj¼^ah Yd^kZci igZ idjh bdW^a^h h edjg edgiZg Zi igVchbZiigZ XZh kVaZjgh# :c XZaV! _Z Xgd^h Vj \gVcY VkZc^g YZh bjh Zh! YZ idjh aZh bjh Zh Zi YZh eda^" i^fjZh eVig^bdc^VaZh# Eajh fjZ idjiZh aZh VjigZh Y^hX^ea^cZh Vgi^hi^fjZh! aZ bjh Z Zi aZ eVig^bd^cZ hdci | b bZ YZ gZcXdcigZg Y^gZXiZbZci aZh ^ci g ih Yj ejWa^X Zi YZ YdccZg jcZ [dgbZ | aV g ÅZm^dc XdaaZXi^kZ hjg aV hdX^ i ! hjg aZ bdcYZ! hjg aZh XjaijgZh Zi aV c XZhh^i Y¼Zc eg hZgkZg aV Y^kZgh^i # ?Z bZ g _dj^h fjZ kdjh VnZo djkZgi dj gZeg^h XZ Y WVi · kdjh cZ a¼VkZo eVh ^c^i^ ]^Zg bVi^c · | <gZcdWaZ Vjidjg Yj Bjh Z YVj" e]^cd^h# 8Z c¼Zhi eZji" igZ eVh jc bdY aZ bV^h ^a V idj_djgh i aZ a^Zj YZ a¼Zme g^bZciVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ Zi cdjh kZ^aadch idjh | XZ fj¼^a edjghj^kZ hZh b^hh^dch! XZaV bZ hZbWaZ ZhhZci^Za# ?Z kdjh gZbZgX^Z# ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo ® Bjh Z Zi hX^ZcXZ ¯! ® bjh Z Zi eda^i^fjZ ¯! ® bjh Z Zi iZgg^id^gZ ¯ / Zc VWdgYVci XZh igd^h egdWa bVi^fjZh Zi Zc _djVci hjg aZjg Xdbea " (()

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

bZciVg^i Zi aZjgh ^ciZgVXi^dch! aZ XdaadfjZ dg\Vc^h Vjidjg Yj XZc" i^ bZ Vcc^kZghV^gZ Yj Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h k^hV^i | edhZg aV fjZhi^dc eajh \adWVaZ Yj gVeedgi ZcigZ bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i h# 6j iZgbZ YZ XZh YZjm _djgc Zh! dc eZji XdchiViZg fjZ aZh ^ciZgkZci^dch Zi aZ Y WVi dci aV^hh ZcigZkd^g YZh Xgd^hZbZcih ZcXdgZ eajh XdbeaZmZh! eajh hjWi^ah! eajh ZcigZaVX h ZcigZ bjh Z! hX^ZcXZ! eda^i^fjZ! iZgg^id^gZ! ^YZci^i h! edej" aVi^dch! hdX^ i h# :c ZmZg\jZ | bdc egdedh! _Z kdjYgV^h b¼VeejnZg hjg jcZ [dgbjaZ YZ 7ZgcVgY <^abVc · fjZ a¼dc edjggV^i gZegZcYgZ Vjhh^ W^Zc Zc XdcXajh^dc YZ cdigZ gZcXdcigZ · hZadc aVfjZaaZ ^a cZ YZkgV^i eVh n Vkd^g YZ egd_Zi XjaijgZa fj^ c¼^cXdgedgZ YZ egd_Zi YZ hdX^ i # 8¼Zhi W^Zc idjiZ aV fjZhi^dc edh Z eVg XZiiZ gZcXdcigZ# 6kVci Y¼ZcigZg YVch YZh Y WVih he X^Va^h h! cdjh Vkdch Y¼VWdgY ZciZcYj YZh eVgdaZh jc eZj eajh \ c gVaZh fj^ dci djkZgi aZ X]Vbe YZ aV g ÅZm^dc! XZaaZh YZ ?ZVc K^VgY Zi Y¼Da^k^Zg 9dccVi# A¼jc Zi a¼VjigZ cdjh dci gVeeZa fjZ a¼ edfjZ VXijZaaZ Zhi jcZ edfjZ bVgfj Z eVg aZ hXZVj Yj X]Vc\ZbZci! Vjm gZe gZh bdjkVcih! d h¼^ckZciZci YZ bja" i^eaZh gVeedgih VkZX aV XjaijgZ! fj^ hZ cdjZci W^Zc Vj"YZa| YZ aV he] gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zi g k aZci YZh igVch[dgbVi^dch egd[dcYZh Yj bdcYZ XdciZbedgV^c Zi YZh kVaZjgh YZ aV hdX^ i # ?ZVc K^VgY V Y¼VWdgY gVeeZa fjZ a¼Zmeadh^dc Yj iZbeh a^WgZ Zhi jc [V^i bV_Zjg YZ X^k^a^hVi^dc# HZ edhZ Vadgh aV fjZhi^dc YZ a¼jhV\Z fjZ a¼dc [V^i YZ XZ iZbeh a^W g ! YZ aV eaVXZ fj¼n dXXjeZ aV XjaijgZ! bV^h Vjhh^ YZ aV cVijgZ YZ aV XjaijgZ kZgh aVfjZaaZ hZ idjgcZci aZh edej" aVi^dch YZh hdX^ i h djkZgiZh Zi Y kZadee Zh# AZh ^cYjhig^Zh XjaijgZa" aZh VXXdbeV\cZci XZ e] cdb cZ YZej^h eajh Y¼jc YZb^"h^ XaZ Zi aZjg W^aVc! Zc iZgbZ YZ Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc! b g^iZgV^i Y¼ igZ b^Zjm Veeg " ]ZcY / aZ a^kgZ YZ edX]Z Xdchi^ijZ | XZi \VgY jc ZmZbeaZ heZXiVXj" aV^gZ# ?ZVc K^VgY V \VaZbZci kdfj aV igVch[dgbVi^dc eZgbVcZciZ YZh iZgg^id^gZh Zc [V^hVci jc XdchiVi eVgVYdmVa / YVch XZgiV^ch iZgg^id^" gZh! dc cZ hV^i eajh ig h W^Zc fj^ ^ci \gZ fj^! bVc^ gZ YZ Y^gZ fjZ a¼^c" i \gVi^dc c¼Zhi eVh jc e] cdb cZ | hZch jc^fjZ# :aaZ XdcXZgcZ Vjhh^ aV edejaVi^dc Y¼VXXjZ^a Zi edhZ aV fjZhi^dc YZ hV XVeVX^i | hZ g \ c " gZg Vj XdciVXi YZ a¼6jigZ# Da^k^Zg 9dccVi V VWdgY hdjh jc VjigZ Vc\aZ aV bjiVi^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh Zc hdja^\cVci Zc egZb^Zg a^Zj a¼Zmeadh^dc YZh egVi^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh cjb g^fjZh fj^ edjggV^Zci ig h k^iZ hjeeaVciZg aV XdchdbbVi^dc i a k^hjZaaZ! XZ fj^ Zhi Y _| aZ XVh X]Zo aZh _ZjcZh# Da^k^Zg 9dccVi V b^h Zc djigZ a¼VXXZci hjg aZ Y kZ" adeeZbZci YZh egVi^fjZh Zc VbViZjg fj^ hdci Vjhh^ jc [V^i YZ X^k^a^hV" i^dc# AZ ed^ci XZcigVa YZ hdc ^ciZgkZci^dc V Xdch^hi | hdja^\cZg fjZ aZ [V^i \ c gVi^dccZa YZkZcV^i YZ eajh Zc eajh higjXijgVci YVch aZh gVe" edgih | aV XjaijgZ! Zi fjZ! YVch XZ egdXZhhjh! aZh VeeVgiZcVcXZh hdX^VaZh '')

Iodj^ i[ [j YedYbki_ed

YZkZcV^Zci eajh gZaVi^kZh# 8Zh fjZhi^dch hdci Y¼VjiVci eajh ^bedgiVc" iZh | ^ci \gZg YVch idji gV^hdccZbZci YZ gZhedchVWaZh XjaijgZah fjZ aZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh · ?ZVc <j^WVa a¼V Y^i Zc ^cigdYjXi^dc YZ hdc egdedh · hdci eajh dj bd^ch Y hncX]gdc^h Zh eVg gVeedgi Vjm kd" aji^dch bZci^dcc Zh# >a n V! YZ XZ ed^ci YZ kjZ! jc igVkV^a Y¼VYVeiV" i^dc c XZhhV^gZ! Y _| Zc\V\ ^X^ Zi a| Zi | edjghj^kgZ eajh aVg\ZbZci Zc igVkV^aaVci idji he X^VaZbZci aV fjZhi^dc YZ aV b Y^Vi^dc Xjaij" gZaaZ! YZ a¼ YjXVi^dc Vgi^hi^fjZ Zi XjaijgZaaZ! YZ a¼VXXjZ^a YZh ejWa^Xh Zi YZ a¼ XdjiZ YZh edejaVi^dch! XdbbZ a¼dci bZci^dcc BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm Zi ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX# AV hX^ZcXZ Zhi eg hZciZ YZ eajh^Zjgh bVc^ gZh YVch aZ bjh Z / hX^ZcXZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ! hX^ZcXZ YZh ]dbbZh Zi YZ aV hdX^ i ! bVg`Z" i^c\! ^c[dgbVi^fjZ! ZiX# BV^h h^ ZaaZ a¼Zhi YZ [V dc k^YZciZ Zi eVgi^Xj" a^ gZ! aZ Y^hXdjgh hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! cdjh V"i"dc Y^i! cZ hZ gZigdjkZ _VbV^h | a¼ iVi Wgji YVch a¼Zmedh^i^dc# AZ XVgVXi gZ bV_Zjg YZ XZiiZ gZaVi^dc ZcigZ bjh Z Zi hX^ZcXZ! X¼Zhi fj¼ZaaZ Vgi^XjaZ aZ bjh Z | YZh hVkd^gh fj^ hdci Xdch^Y g h XdbbZ a \^i^bZh# 9Z eajh! aV hX^ZcXZ Zhi YZkZcjZ Vjhh^ jc dW_Zi bjh ^Ä Vj_djgY¼]j^# :i edjg XZh YZjm gV^hdch! ^a Xdck^Zci Y¼ kVajZg aV bVc^ gZ Ydci aV hX^ZcXZ hZ ® eVgiV\Z ¯ Vj_djgY¼]j^ YVch aV hdX^ i # AV i}X]Z c¼Zhi eVh h^beaZ eVgXZ fjZ aZ bjh Z! fj^ V kdXV" i^dc | igVch[dgbZg aZh XdccV^hhVcXZh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zc Zmedh^i^dc! [V^i VeeZa cdc eVh | aV hX^ZcXZ Xdch^Y g Z YZ bVc^ gZ VWhigV^iZ Zi h^c\j" a^ gZ! bV^h | YZ bjai^eaZh hVkd^gh hX^Zci^ÄfjZh Zc b bZ iZbeh Zi fj¼^a iZciZ YZ XdcX^a^Zg# 8ZeZcYVci! h^ VjXjc bjh Z cZ eZji hZ eVhhZg Y¼jcZ Y bVgX]Z! Y¼jc VXXdbeV\cZbZci hX^Zci^ÄfjZ! ^a cZ [Vji eVh djWa^Zg Vjhh^ fj¼jcZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ Zhi Y¼VWdgY jc egd_Zi XjaijgZa VkVci Y¼ igZ jc egd_Zi hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# JcZ VjigZ b^hZ Zc \VgYZ cdjh V i VYgZhh Z# AZ bjh Z! YVch aZ Y^h" Xdjgh hjg aV hX^ZcXZ fj¼^a bZi Zc hX cZ! Yd^i iZcYgZ | aV^hhZg djkZgiZh YZh ^ciZgeg iVi^dch Y^kZghZh Zi b bZ XdcigVY^Xid^gZh# JcZ eVgi^Z YZh Y WVih V Zj a^Zj Vjidjg YZ XZiiZ gZaVi^dc ZcigZ bjh Z Zi k g^i ! cdiVb" bZci hX^Zci^ÄfjZ# >a bZ gZk^Zci | XZ egdedh XZiiZ [VbZjhZ [dgbjaZ YZ a¼ e^hi bdad\jZ Zi e]^adhde]Z @Vga EdeeZg! fj^ hdjiZcV^i fj¼® [ij iY_[d# j_Ógk[ Y[ gk_ [ij h \kjWXb[ ¯# 8¼Zhi"|"Y^gZ cdc eVh XZ fj^ hZ YdccZ edjg kgV^ YZ idjiZ iZgc^i ! | a¼^chiVg Y¼jc Yd\bZ! bV^h XZ fj^ eZji igZ Y^h" Xji ! hdjb^h | aV egZjkZ# 8¼Zhi! _Z Xgd^h! Vj Xdjgh YZ aV b bZ h fjZcXZ YZ cdh X]Vc\Zh fj¼V i gVeeZa Z a¼^bedgiVcXZ YZ [V^gZ Yj bjh Z jc ZheVXZ d aZ ejWa^X hd^i ^bea^fj YVch jc igVkV^a YZ Xd"^ciZgeg iVi^dc YZh ¶jkgZh! VkZX YZh b Y^ViZjgh! VkZX YZh ® eVig^bdc^iZjgh ¯ hZadc a¼ZmegZhh^dc Y¼jc ^ciZgkZcVci# 8¼Zhi jcZ bVc^ gZ Y¼^cigdYj^gZ eajh YZ X^idnZccZi YVch aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh# ((+

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

BV^h fjZ YZk^Zci aV Xdde gVi^dc hX^ZcXZ"bjh Z fjVcY ^ciZg[ gZ aV Y^bZch^dc Yj eda^i^fjZ 4 6j bjh Z! aV fjZhi^dc eda^i^fjZ hZ eg " hZciZ YZ eajh^Zjgh bVc^ gZh# 8ZaV eZji hZ igVYj^gZ! eVg ZmZbeaZ! eVg a¼^c\ gZcXZ Y^gZXiZ YZ a¼ aj! Yj Y X^YZjg ejWa^X! YVch aV egd\gVbbV" i^dc# >a h¼V\^i a| YZ aV eg hZcXZ aV eajh a bZciV^gZ Zi hjgidji aV eajh kja\V^gZ YZ aV eda^i^fjZ YVch a¼^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ# BV^h ^a Zhi jcZ Y^bZch^dc k^YZbbZci WZVjXdje eajh cdWaZ / X¼Zhi XZaaZ Yj eda^i^fjZ Vj hZch aVg\Z! Yj eda^i^fjZ Zc iVci fj¼^cXVgcVi^dc YZ aV X^i Zi YZ hdc ^ci g i# 8dbbZci Vadgh egZcYgZ Zc Xdch^Y gVi^dc aZ [V^i fjZ YZh ajh gZeg hZciZci a \^i^bZbZci aV X^i Zi dci bVcYVi edjg [V^gZ VkVcXZg hV XVjhZ! idji Zc eg hZgkVci a¼Vjidcdb^Z Yj egd_Zi XjaijgZa 4 IZaaZ Zhi aV YdjWaZ XdcigV^ciZ fjZ Yd^kZci \ gZg! ZchZbWaZ! aZ XdchZgkViZjg Zi aZ eda^i^fjZ° AV Y^bZch^dc eda^i^fjZ · V^ch^ fjZ a¼V Zmeg^b jc aj ·! XZiiZ XVeVX^i | igVch[dgbZg aV X^i eZji Vjhh^ hZ ]ZjgiZg Vjm ^be gVi^[h hX^Zci^ÄfjZh# 8ZiiZ Xdc[gdciVi^dc dW_ZXi^kZ gZÅ iZ YZh iZbedgVa^i h fj^ hdci XdcigVY^Xid^gZh# AZ iZbeh Yj eda^i^fjZ Zhi hdjkZci aZ iZbeh Yj bVcYVi! YdcX aZ iZbeh Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ jg\ZcXZ# AZ iZbeh Yj hX^Zc" i^ÄfjZ Zm^\Z! aj^! jcZ Yjg Z fj¼^a c¼Zhi eVh idj_djgh [VX^aZ YZ a^b^iZg Zi YZ Y Äc^g# >kVc GZcVg cdjh V egdedh YZ gZidjgcZg aV fjZhi^dc YZh gVeedgih ZcigZ hX^ZcXZ! bjh Z Zi eda^i^fjZ Zc ^ck^iVci cdiVbbZci aZh XdchZgkViZjgh YZ bjh Z dj YZ eVig^bd^cZ · XZaV edjggV^i h¼Veea^fjZg | a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh egd[Zhh^dch YZ aV XjaijgZ · | hZ YdiZg Y¼jc YZkd^g Y¼^c" \ gZcXZ YVch aZh V[[V^gZh YZ aV X^i · jcZ edhijgZ eajh igVY^i^dccZaaZ X]Zo aZh VXiZjgh Yj heZXiVXaZ k^kVci# A¼^Y Z Zhi k^YZbbZci ZmXZaaZciZ! bV^h X¼Zhi eZji" igZ djWa^Zg Vjhh^ aZ ed^Yh YZh ]^ gVgX]^Zh eda^i^Xd" VYb^c^higVi^kZh Zi YZh ad\^fjZh ^chi^iji^dccZaaZh fj^ e hZci hjg cdigZ hnhi bZ XjaijgZa# BV^h ^a Zhi ^cXdciZhiVWaZ fjZ aV eVgdaZ YZh VXiZjgh XjaijgZah! cZ hZgV^i"XZ fjZ gZaVi^kZbZci | aZjg X]Vbe Y¼^ciZgkZci^dc! h¼ZmedhZ gVgZbZci YZ bVc^ gZ k g^iVWaZbZci a^WgZ# H^ XZiiZ VhhZgi^dc Zhi kgV^Z! ZaaZ c¼^ciZgeZaaZ eVh hZjaZbZci aZ eda^i^fjZ YVch hdc edjkd^g Y¼^ci^b^YVi^dc! bV^h Vjhh^ a¼VXiZjg XjaijgZa fj^ Yd^i \VaZbZci ® bVg" fjZg hdc iZgg^id^gZ ¯ Zi! gZheZXiVci aZh g \aZh YZ aV Xdjgid^h^Z Zi YZ aV k^Z hdX^VaZ! hZ a^W gZg YZ hZh ^c]^W^i^dch# 8ZeZcYVci! kd^X^ jc _Zj fj^ Zm^\Z fjZ idjh aZh VXiZjgh h¼n Zc\V\Zci# 8ZaV Y^i! idji egd_Zi XjaijgZa ejWa^X Zhi W^Zc! Zc b bZ iZbeh! jc egd_Zi eda^i^fjZ fj^ Zc iVci fjZ iZa V WZhd^c Y¼ igZ edgi eVg aZh gZeg " hZciVcih YZ aV X^i ! V WZhd^c Y¼ igZ hdX^Va^h YVch jc iZgg^id^gZ Zi jc Zck^gdccZbZci eajh \adWVa# 8Z fj^ ^cYj^i [dgX bZci YZh Xdde gV" i^dch eajh igd^iZh ZcigZ egd[Zhh^dccZah Zi ajh# BV^h XZiiZ Xdde gV" i^dc cZ Yd^i eVh Xdc[dcYgZ aZh g aZh# AV egd\gVbbVi^dc eda^i^fjZ Zhi ''+

Iodj^ i[ [j YedYbki_ed

jcZ X]dhZ# AV egd\gVbbVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ dj Vgi^hi^fjZ Zhi Y¼jcZ VjigZ cVijgZ# IdjiZ[d^h! h^ a¼^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ · aZ bjh Z · kZji b^Zjm h¼^chXg^gZ YVch aV hdX^ i Zi ^chXg^gZ aV hdX^ i YVch hdc egd_Zi! XZaV c XZhh^iZ Vjhh^ jc Y WVi Veegd[dcY^ ZcigZ a¼ZchZbWaZ YZh eVgi^Zh egZ" cVciZh! fj^ edjggV^i hZ XdcXg i^hZg eVg YZh g \aZh eVgiV\ Zh! Zi b bZ ® X]Vgi^h Zh ¯ XdbbZ aZ hj\\ gZ EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c# Dc V kj fjZ aZ bjh Z Zhi eda^i^fjZ YZ W^Zc YZh [V dch# BV^h ^a a¼Zhi Y¼VWdgY eVgXZ fj¼^a eVgi^X^eZ | aV Y Äc^i^dc dj | aV Xdchi^iji^dc Y¼jcZ XdbbjcVji ]jbV^cZ# 9 h adgh! ^a Zhi jc Zc_Zj iZa fj¼^a g^hfjZ hdj" kZci! XdbbZ idjiZ VjigZ ^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ! Y¼ igZ ^chigjbZciV" a^h ! YZ kd^g hdc Vjidcdb^Z Y^hXji Z# AZ g^hfjZ Zhi Y¼VjiVci eajh \gVcY fjVcY ^a VWdgYZ jc hj_Zi Vjhh^ hZch^WaZ fjZ XZaj^ YZh ^YZci^i h! | fjZa" fjZ c^kZVj fj¼dc aZh Xdch^Y gZ# FjZ XZ hd^i Vj eaVc adXVa! cVi^dcVa dj Zjgde Zc! aZh e^cZh YZ XZ ineZ YZ hj_Zi · Vj YZbZjgVci ]VjiZbZci eda^i^fjZ° · gZhiZci e^fjVciZh AZ YZgc^Zg ed^ci Ydci _Z hdj]V^iZ gZcYgZ XdbeiZ XdcXZgcZ aZh gVeedgih ZcigZ bjh Z! edejaVi^dc Zi iZgg^id^gZ# 9Vch hdc ^ciZgkZc" i^dc! ?VXfjZh IdjWdc ^ch^hiV^i hjg XZiiZ Vei^ijYZ Yj bjh Z | eVgi^X^" eZg · X¼Zhi b bZ hdc g aZ eda^i^fjZ Y¼jcZ XZgiV^cZ [V dc · | aV Xd] " h^dc hdX^VaZ# BV^h! edjg XZaV! cdjh V"i"^a Y^i! ^a [VaaV^i Zc fjZafjZ hdgiZ X]Vc\Zg aZ ad\^X^Za YZ idjiZh aZh ^chi^iji^dch XjaijgZaaZh Zi YZh bjh Zh fj^ cZ a¼dci eVh ZcXdgZ [V^i# 8dbbZci 4 :c cZ hZ XdciZciVci eVh YZ Xdchigj^gZ jcZ d[[gZ XjaijgZaaZ [n d_^_be" Y¼Zc ]Vji! bV^h Zc aV Xdchigj^" hVci VkZX aV hdX^ i X^k^aZ! | eVgi^g Y¼jcZ YZbVcYZ XjaijgZaaZ# 6j [dcY! hVch ZbeadnZg aZ iZgbZ! ^a V hdjiZcj fj¼^a iV^i iZbeh YZ Xdchigj^gZ aV Y bdXgVi^Z XjaijgZaaZ! hVch edjg VjiVci bZiigZ YZ X i a¼dW_ZXi^[ YZ Y bdXgVi^hVi^dc# AZ gVeedgi bjh Z"edejaVi^dc"iZgg^id^gZ V Y hdgbV^h! Yj [V^i YZ a¼VkVcX Z YZh g ÅZm^dch hjg aZh Ygd^ih XjaijgZah! hjg aV Xdde gVi^dc XjaijgZaaZ! jcZ Y^bZch^dc ^ciZgcVi^dcVaZ Zi bdcY^VaZ# 8Z fjZ <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg cdjh V gVeeZa VkZX [dgXZ Zc YZhh^cVci jcZ cdj" kZaaZ VkVcX Z Zc [VkZjg Yj eVgiZcVg^Vi XjaijgZa / ZhhVnZg YZ Xdchigj^gZ jcZ Xd"VeeVgiZcVcXZ YZh ¶jkgZh# :c Z[[Zi! ^a n V W^Zc YZh ¶jkgZh! fj^!

Yj [V^i YZ aZjg ]^hid^gZ Zi YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZh eZjeaZh Zi YZh wiVih fj¼Za" aZh VhhdX^Zci! b g^iZgV^Zci Y¼ igZ gZY Äc^Zh YVch aZjgh VeeVgiZcVcXZh Zi cZ eZjkZci igZ fjZ eVgiV\ Zh ZcigZ YZh Xdcig Zh fj^ eZjkZci a \^i^" bZbZci aZh gZkZcY^fjZg! edjg YZh gV^hdch Y^kZghZh Zi a \^i^bZh# BV^h XdbbZci Xdchigj^gZ eda^i^fjZbZci XZiiZ Xd"VeeVgiZcVcXZ! Zc gZheZX" iVci aZh ¶jkgZh YVch aZjg jc^X^i ! YVch aZjg h^c\jaVg^i ! Zi aZh eVgiZ" cV^gZh 4 8Z egdWa bZ XgjX^Va c¼V eVh i Y WViij# 9Vch XZ b bZ dgYgZ Y¼^Y Zh! 6^hhViV =V^YVgV V aVcX jc k^WgVci VeeZa | jcZ Xdde gVi^dc ((-

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

&# 8[# 7ZgcVgY Hi^Z\aZg Zi 6gh ^cYjhig^Va^h! H [dY^Wdj[h b[ cedZ[$ BW lWb[kh [ifh_j Yedjh[ b[ fefkb_ic[ _dZkijh_[b! EVg^h! ;aVbbVg^dc! '%%+#

XjaijgZaaZ CdgY"HjY eajh ^ciZchZ Zi Y WVggVhh Z YZ idji Zi]cdXZc" ig^hbZ° IdjiZh YZjm djkgZci aV eZgheZXi^kZ Y¼jc ^bbZchZ X]Vci^Zg YZ g ÅZm^dc Ydci a¼^ci^ija edjggV^i igZ aZ hj^kVci / bjh Z! eda^i^" fjZ! hX^ZcXZ Zi hdX^ i / fjZaaZ Xdcdb^Z YZh gZaVi^dch | a¼ X]ZaaZ bdc" Y^VaZ 4 AV hnci] hZ Y¼jc XdaadfjZ Xdchi^ijZ Vjhh^ aV edcXijVi^dc Y¼jc bdbZci YZ eVgiV\Z# 8Zaj^ fjZ cdjh Vkdch k Xj! eVg aV fjVa^i YZ a¼Zc" hZbWaZ YZh ^ciZgkZci^dch Zi eVg XZaaZ YZ a¼VXXjZ^a fjZ aZ Bjh Z YVj" e]^cd^h cdjh V g hZgk ! V i eVgi^Xja^ gZbZci [dgi# Edjg XdcXajgZ XZ egdedh! _Z kdjYgV^h bZiigZ Zc ZmZg\jZ YZjm bdih ji^a^h h eVg eajh^Zjgh ^ciZgkZcVcih / XZaj^ YZ eaV^h^g! XZaj^ YZ Y h^g# 9Z fjd^ Zhi"^a fjZhi^dc | igVkZgh XZh cdi^dch 4 9j [V^i fj¼ZaaZh gZeg hZciZci aZh ^c\g Y^Zcih aZh eajh h gh Y¼jcZ gZaVi^dc eVcdj^Z | aV XjaijgZ# A¼^chi^iji^dc XjaijgZaaZ V! YZ hdc X i ! jcZ gZhedchVW^a^i Zc aV bVi^ gZ! XZaaZ YZ Xg Zg aZh XdcY^" i^dch Y¼jc kZ^a Yj eaV^h^g Zi Yj Y h^g hZch^WaZ! bdi^dccZa! ^ciZaaZXijZa YZ aV edejaVi^dc | aVfjZaaZ ZaaZ h¼VYgZhhZ# Hdjh XZi Vc\aZ! _Z c¼djWa^Z eVh fjZ aZ bdi ® bjh Z ¯ [V^i g [ gZcXZ Vj iZbeaZ YZh bjhZh 8¼Zhi YdcX W^Zc aZ bd^ch fjZ aZ bjh Z cdjh YdccZ Yj Y h^g dj Yj eaV^h^g! fjd^" fjZ! ]^hidg^fjZbZci XZaV c¼V eVh idj_djgh i aZ XVh! XdbbZ aZ gVeeZ" aV^i ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci! cdjh ^ck^iVci | bZhjgZg aZ X]Zb^c eVgXdjgj eVg aZh bjh Zh YVch aZh (% dj )% YZgc^ gZh Vcc Zh° BV^h bjhZg kZji Y^gZ Vjhh^ VjigZ X]dhZ / X¼Zhi jc kZgWZ fj^ h^\c^ÄZ eZgYgZ hdc iZbeh | cZ g^Zc [V^gZ# 6adgh bjhZg Vj bjh Z edjg n kZ^aaZg hdc Y h^g Zi hdc eaV^h^g! kd^a| jc dW_ZXi^[ idji | [V^i Zc\V\ZVci# :i _Z cZ Y^h g^Zc Y¼jc VjigZ hZch Yj kZgWZ bjhZg fjZ _Z kdjh aV^hhZgV^ Y Xdjkg^g YVch jc Y^X" i^dccV^gZ! Zi Vjidjg YjfjZa Y¼VjigZh Y^\gZhh^dch hZgV^Zci edhh^WaZh° 9^hXjhh^dc a \ gZ! Y^gV"i"dc 4 8¼Zhi | kd^g# Edjg aZ e]^adhde]Z 7ZgcVgY Hi^Z\aZg&! aZh hdX^ i h iZX]cd"^cYjhig^ZaaZh! Zc Va^bZciVci cdh ejah^dch XdchdbbVig^XZh ^cY Äc^bZci! idji Zc iVci ^cXVeVWaZh YZ g ^chj[ÅZg Yj hZch YVch aZh [dgbZh Zi egdYj^ih XjaijgZah fj¼ZaaZh bZiiZci Zc X^g" XjaVi^dc! Äc^gV^Zci eVg [V^gZ VYkZc^g jcZ Xg^hZ egd[dcYZ Zi eZj k^h^" WaZ! fj^ V[[ZXiZgV^i aZh X^idnZch YZ XZiiZ eVgi^Z Yj bdcYZ! kd[ Yh_i[ Z[ bW b_X_Ze$ AV XjaijgZ! XZjm fj^ V\^hhZci Zc hdc cdb VjgV^Zci Vadgh edjg b^hh^dc Y¼VeedgiZg aZjg Xdcig^Wji^dc edjg ZcigVkZg XZiiZ Xg^hZ YZ aV a^W^Yd! VjigZbZci Y^i edjg g ZcX]VciZg aZ bdcYZ# BV^h! XZaV cZ hZ [ZgV eVh · aZ dc bV_ZjgZ fjZ cdjh ZchZ^\cZ jc YZb^"h^ XaZ YZ eda^i^fjZ XjaijgZaaZ · hVch Veegd[dcY^hhZbZci Y¼jcZ eajh \gVcYZ ^ciZgVXi^dc ZcigZ XjaijgZ Zi edejaVi^dc! bjh Z Zi hdX^ i °

''-

A^hiZ YZh eVgi^X^eVcih

C^XdaVh 6Wgn! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 6YVbVcY^V 6Xdk^ih^di^"]VbZVj! 6hZg·bjh Z YZ aV <aVXZ Od]gV 6\gd! ;Zbh K^cXZci 6jWZgi"?VXfj^c! >cgh >\dg 7VWdj! :ch Andc DYZiiZ 7VaVcYgVjY BV\Va^ 7VjhhVc! bjh Z Yj 8VgidccV\Z EVig^XZ 7 \]V^c! VY_d^ci Vj bV^gZ YZ aV k^aaZ YZ Andc!

X]Vg\ YZ aV XjaijgZ >hVWZaaZ 7Zcd i! bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ A^dcZa 7Zg\Viid! 9gVX G] cZ"6aeZh 8aVjYZ 7ZgigVcY! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ :bbVcjZaaZ 7^WVgY! DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh B^gZ^aaZ 7dccZWVh! 8dchZgkVid^gZ YZ a¼V\g^XjaijgZ BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7dgYZVjm! jc^kZgh^i <gZcdWaZ >>> E^ZggZ 7djg\Zd^h! Xdbjh Z BV^hdc B^X]VjY 8]VciVa 7djg\Zd^h! Xdbjh Z BV^hdc B^X]VjY 8 a^cZ 7djiZadje! Xdbjh Z BV^hdc B^X]VjY K^g\^c^Z 7djiZi! k^aaZ YZ ;dciV^cZ BVg^Z"8]g^hi^cZ 7gV^aaVgY! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZh 6aeZh YZ =VjiZ"EgdkZcXZ ;gVc d^hZ 7gZh! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa Yj KVjXajhZ 6a^XZ 7j[[Zi! Bjh Z YZ aV G h^hiVcXZ Zi YZ aV 9 edgiVi^dc YZ a¼>h gZ BVg^Z";gVcXZ 8VaVh! 9^gZXi^dc YZh Bjh Zh YZ ;gVcXZ E]^a^eeZ 8VcYZ\VWZ! Bjh jb Y¼]^hid^gZ cVijgZaaZ <gZcdWaZ 8 X^aZ 8Vgdc! bjh Z YZ aV KVaa Z HV^ci"EVja 8aVjY^cZ 8Vgi^Zg! 9b[! >cheZXi^dc \ c gVaZ YZh Bjh Zh BVgX 8VhiZ^\cVj! Xdbjh Z YZ aV <gVcYZ AVcYZ wa^hVWZi] 8]Vbadc! bjh Z < d"8]VgaZh 8 a^cZ 8]VcVh! bjh Z YZ aV 7gZhhZ 8a bZci 8]Ve^gd! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ >hVWZaaZ 8]VkVcdc! Zi]cdad\jZ! bjh dad\jZ 9Zc^h 8]ZkVaa^Zg! Bj8Zb :kV 8]ZkVaa^Zg"@VjhZa ;gVc d^h 8^cf"BVgh! bjh Z YZ I]Zi[dgY B^cZh B^X]Za 8daVgYZaaZ! Bj8Zb GZc Z 8daVgYZaaZ! BV^hdc 8]Vbedaa^dc ?ZVc"wb^aZ 8dadcZa! k^aaZ YZ K^[

8 a^cZ 8dci ! BV^hdc Yj eVig^bd^cZ YZ K^aaVgY"YZ"AVch B^X]Za 8 i ! bjh Z YZh 8dcÅjZcXZh ;gVc d^hZ 8djh^c! >cgh >g cZ YÉ6\dhi^cd ?ZVc 9VkVaadc! jc^kZgh^i Y¼6k^\cdc :kV 9Vndi! bjh Z ?Ven 8 X^a^V YZ KVg^cZ! B Y^Vi^dc XjaijgZaaZ VhhdX^Vi^dc 8aV^gZ 9Z\a^hZ! bjh Z <VYV\cZ 6cYg 9ZhkVaa Zh ?ZVc";gVc d^h 9Zig Z! Bjh Z bVg^i^bZ ÑaZ IVi^]dj BVg^Z"I] g hZ 9^hhZgi! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZh 6aeZh YZ =VjiZ"EgdkZcXZ <VW^ 9da[["7dcZ`~beZg! jc^kZgh^i iZX]c^fjZ YZ 7Zga^c Da^k^Zg 9dccVi! 9 eVgiZbZci YZh ijYZh Zi YZ aV egdheZXi^kZ! b^c^hi gZ YZ aV 8jaijgZ 6\c h 9jXVgdn! bjh Z Yj GZkZgbdci ?ZVc"8aVjYZ 9jXadh! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Hde]^Z 9je^hhdc! hZgk^XZ Yj eVig^bd^cZ XjaijgZa! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ 8Vgda^cZ 9jedci"7VjkZg^Z! Xdbjh Z Yj KZggZ wkZancZ 9jgZi! bjh Z YZh 6ae^aaZh K^g\^c^Z ;VWgZ! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 7 gVc\ gZ ;Vaa! bjh Z Yj IZmi^aZ IVhhVY^iZ ;Vkg^Z! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h B^X] aZ ;Zgg^Zg! DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh 9db^c^fjZ ;Zgg^di! >Xdb ;gVcXZ B^X] aZ ;^c^! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ :bbVcjZaaZ ;dci! bjh Z <VYV\cZ! Andc ?ZVc"Adje ;dciVcV! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZh 6aeZh"BVg^i^bZh A^dcZa ;gVc d^h! k^aaZ YZ 7ZhVc dc =Zgk ;gjbn! \gVe]^hiZ Adj^h"?ZVc <VX]Zi! bjh Zh Y¼6gi Zi Y¼=^hid^gZ YZ 8]VbW gn EVig^X` <V^aaVgY! GZhhdjgXZh H^ < gVaY^cZ <Vjk^c! Bjh d\gVe]Z < gVaY <ZgkV^h! k^aaZ YZ 8]VbW gn 9dgdi] <^aabVcc! bjh Z <VYV\cZ! Andc 7ZgcVgY <^abVc KVaiZg <^ja^Vcd! egdk^cXZ YZ Ijg^c ?ja^Z <j^ndi"8dgiZk^aaZ! ; Y gVi^dc YZh Xdbjh Zh Zi YZh bjh Zh YZ hdX^ i

((/

Bjh Zh Zi hdX^ i ! Vj_djgY¼]j^ · 6XiZh Yj XdaadfjZ

CVY^cZ <dj_VgY! Xdbjh Z YZ a¼6kZhcd^h BVgX <dj_VgY! Xdbjh Z YZ a¼6kZhcd^h 8 X^aZ <djn"<^aWZgi! bjh Z YZ aV =dj^aaZ WaVcX]Z 9Zae]^cZ <g^hdi! ;Zbh AjX <gjhdc! 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc BVg^Z"6ccZ <jZg^c! >chi^iji cVi^dcVa Yj eVig^bd^cZ ?ZVc <j^WVa! 9^gZXi^dc YZ aV XjaijgZ Zi Yj eVig^bd^cZ! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ a¼>h gZ 8 X^a <j^iVgi! k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ 6^hhViV =V^YVgV! Xdbjh Z Y¼6ndgdj C^\Zg BVYVbZ =ZWZgi! HdX^ i YZh Vb^h Yj Bj8Zb KVa g^Z =jhh! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h AVjgZcXZ ?Vc^c! Xdbjh Z YZ aV 7gZhhZ Wdjg\j^\cdccZ ?ZVc"EVhXVa ?dhe^c! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h Adj^hZ ?ja^Zc! JfVb BVg^Z"I] g hZ @dgWVV! k^aaZ YZ K^[ 7 Vig^XZ @dgX EVig^X^V @ng^V`^YZh! bjh Z YZ aV K^hXdhZ BVg^Z"wa^oVWZi] AVWZg\Z! JfVb ;g Y g^X AV[dcY! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZ aV 9g bZ I]^Zggn AV\Zg! Xdbjh Z Yj =Vji"7ZVj_daV^h BVg^Z"AVkVcYZ AV^YZWZjg! Bjh Z Y¼Zi]cdad\^Z YZ 7 i]jcZ 8]VgaZh AVbWdaZn! ;Zbh HjoVccZ AVciZabZ! bjh Z 7j\Zn KVagdbZn ?ZVc"E^ZggZ AVjgZci! bjh dad\jZ 9^Y^Zg AVjgZi! DY^i ;gVcXZ·Dci BVg^Z AVkdgZa! JfVb >hVWZaaZ AVo^Zg! bjh Z YZ a¼6cX^Zc wk X] 6jYZ AZ <jZccZX! bjh Z Yj IZmi^aZ ?d aaZ AZ BVgZX! wXdaZ cdgbVaZ hje g^ZjgZ·AZiigZh Zi hX^ZcXZh ]jbV^cZh <j^aaVjbZ AZWVjYn! bjh Z YZh 6gih Zi IgVY^i^dch edejaV^gZh YZ 9gV\j^\cVc ?ZVc AZX]VXonch`^! Xdbjh Z Yj KZggZ wa^hZ AZ\V\cZjm! ijY^VciZ 8Vgda^cZ AZi]j^aa^Zg! AZ 9Vk^VjY! Xdbjh Z Yj BVgV^h kZcY Zc < gVaY^cZ A^WdjgZa! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h HZg\Z AdX]di! DX^b 6jYgZn Aji^c! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 6ccZ BV]Zj! k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ ?ZVc"AjX BV^aaVgY! Xdbjh Z Yj eVnh YZ GZccZh E]^a^eeZ BV^gdi! bjh Zh YZh IZX]c^fjZh Zi 8jaijgZh Xdbid^hZh ?ZVc"Da^k^Zg BV_VhigZ! jc^kZgh^i <gZcdWaZ >> 6cc^Z BVgYZgdh! igVkV^aaZjg ^cY eZcYVci 8 X^aZ BVgi^c! DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh

'(%

Hi e]Vc^Z BVgin! BV^hdc Yj eVig^bd^cZ YZ K^aaVgY"YZ"AVch ?d]VccV BVi]^Vc! ijY^VciZ E]^a^eeZ BVi]^Zj! HZb 6a h^V KVcZhhV BZiZggZVj! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h ; a^m"E^ZggZ B^XVaaZ[! ;dcYVi^dc Xg Y^i Xdde gVi^[ 9^Y^Zg B^X]Za! 8dchZ^a \ c gVa YZh 6aeZh YZ =VjiZ"EgdkZcXZ 9Vc^ aZ B^\jZi! bjh Z YZ 8]Vga^Zj Bng^VbZ BdgZa"9ZaZYVaaZ! bjh Z Y¼=^hid^gZ YZ BVghZ^aaZ 6ccZ Bdood AZbVgX]VcYh! 6hhd# B Y^Vi^dc 8jaijgZaaZ 9Vc^ZaaZ BjhhZi! bjh Z YZ HVaV\dc Bna cZ CZngZi! bjh Z YZ a¼6cX^Zc wk X] 7g^\^iiZ Da^k^Zg! bjh Z Yj EZ^\cZ Zi EaVhijg\^Z wY^i] DgaVcYd"@dh^`! ;Zbh A^hV EV^aaVgY! bjh Zh YZ aV 8^iVYZaaZ 6jYgZn EVhhV\^V! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 7g^\^iiZ EZg^aa^Z! k^aaZ YZ K^[ KVa g^Z EZgaZh! bjh Z YZ aV K^aaZ! Hi"FjZci^c"Zc"NkZa^cZh ;gVc d^h EZi^i! BV^hdc YZ aV WVca^ZjZ Zi YZ a¼VgX]^iZXijgZ ;gVcX` E]^a^eeZVjm! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h 9db^c^fjZ E^aVid! bjh Z YZ 8ZgYV\cZ AVjgZcXZ E^cZi! Bjh jb Y eVgiZbZciVa YZ <Ve <VaY E^igdj! Ecg Yj BdgkVc BVg^Z"Hnak^Z Eda^! Jeb[·Y eVgiZbZci hdX^dad\^Z ;gVc d^h EdgiZi! 9gVX G] cZ"6aeZh E]^a^eeZ Ej_Vh! gZkjZ Feb_Ykbjkh[ 8]g^hi^cZ FjZci^c! 8dbbjcVji Y¼V\\adb gVi^dch Yj eVnh Y¼6^m 6ccZ"Hde]^Z GVkVi! Bjh Z \Vaad"gdbV^c YZ Andc ;djgk^ gZ 7Zcd i GZb^X]Z! bjh Z YZ a¼:jgdeZ ?ZVc"AjX GZbn! bjh Z YZ a¼=^hid^gZ Yj [Zg >kVc GZcVg! h cViZjg Yj CdgY wa^hVWZi] GZcVj! DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh 9db^c^fjZ G^k^ gZ! Xdbjh Z YZ aV 7gZhhZ Wdjg\j^\cdccZ B^X]Za GdjhhZa! k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ >hVWZaaZ GdjhhZa! Bjh Z edgijV^gZ ?ZVc"E^ZggZ HVZo! DWhZgkVid^gZ YZh eda^i^fjZh XjaijgZaaZh <jn HVZo! >Ze <gZcdWaZ <Zdg\^V HVciVc\Zad! Bjh Z EgdbZcVYZ AdjkZX^ZccZh 8 X^aZ HVe^c! bjh Z YZ a¼6cX^Zc wk X] 6jg a^Z HZWdi! bjh Z YZ aV K^aaZ! Hi"FjZci^c"Zc"NkZa^cZh 8aV^gZ H^bVgY! bjh Z YZ aV 8^k^a^hVi^dc B^gZ^aaZ HdjWZngVcY! bjh Z YZh EVnh YZ a¼6^c ?dXZancZ HdjWg^Zg! Bjh Z \Vaad"gdbV^c YZ Andc ;djgk^ gZ

B_ij[ Z[i fWhj_Y_fWdji

8]VciVa He^aaZbVZX`Zg! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h BVg^VccZ IV^aa^WZgi! Bjh Z YVje]^cd^h EVig^X` I]^a! k^aaZ YZ BZio E]^a^eeZ I]dbVhh^c! Xdbjh Z Yj eVnh YZ aV GdjYdjaZ 8]g^hi^Vc I^aVii^! bjh Z YZ a¼6^g Zi YZ a¼:heVXZ ?VXfjZh IdjWdc! 8^i cVi^dcVaZ YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ a¼^bb^\gVi^dc HVW^cZ KVc YZg =ddgc! bjh Zh YZ 8]Vga^Zj AVjgZci K Yg^cZ! >chi^iji cVi^dcVa Yj eVig^bd^cZ 8 X^aZ KZgYdc^! k^aaZ YZ 8]VbW gn

wadY^Z KZng^Zg! ijY^VciZ ?ZVc K^VgY! 8cgh " 8Zk^ed[ ÏkZ K^cXZci";gVZcX`Za! k^aaZ YZ <gZcdWaZ NdaV^cZ Kj^aadc! EVXiZ! \gdjeZ YZ gZX]ZgX]Z ® 8jaijgZ Zi Y XZcigVa^hVi^dc ¯ wkZancZ LVcYZg! Xdbjh Z Yj EZgX]Z 7gjcd LjX]Zg! GZhhdjgXZh H^ GV[VZa OjaV^`V! Bjh Z WVhfjZ Zi YZ a¼]^hid^gZ YZ 7VndccZ

()'