OL – 03 – 12 | Ondřej Michálek by Muzeum umění Olomouc

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN

OL– 03 –12 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN ² 2OGĝLFK ãHPEHUD ² -Lĝt åOHEHN 7RXWR YëVWDYRX SRNUDÿXMH 0X]HXP XPčQt 2ORPRXF Y SĝHGVWDYRYiQt Yë]QDPQëFK XPčOHFNëFK RVREQRVWt NWHUp VYRMt XPčOHFNRX WYRUERX SĝHVDKXMt KUDQLFH UHJLRQX 1i]YHP OL– 03 –12 VH KOiVt N GQHV MLæ OHJHQGiUQt YëVWDYč OL–13 – 89. 7ĝLQiFW RORPRXFNëFK DXWRUĥ Y URFH XVSRĝiGDQp YH YëVWDYQtFK ViOHFK 3URVWčMRYVNpKR ]iPNX 7KLV H[KLELWLRQ LV SDUW RI WKH H[KLELWLRQ F\FOH RI WKH 2ORPRXF 0XVHXP RI $UW SUHVHQWLQJ VLJQLÀFDQW DUWLVWV ZKRVH ZRUN UHDFKHV EH\RQG WKH ERUGHUV RI WKH UHJLRQ ,WV WLWOH OL– 03 –12 UHIHUV WR WKH OHJHQGDU\ H[KLELWLRQ 2/² ² 7KLUWHHQ 2ORPRXF $UWLVWV LQ KHOG LQ WKH H[KLELWLRQ KDOOV RI 3URVWčMRY &KDWHDX

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN (1947) *UDÀN NUHVOtĝ D SHGDJRJ -H X]QiYDQëP WYĥUFHP FHQčQëP SUR PHWDI\]LFNë SRQRU RVREQtFK PëWĥ ]SUDFRYiYDQëFK Y JUDÀFNëFK F\NOHFK Y\]QDÿXMtFtFK VH WHFKQLFNRX SUHFL]QRVWt D RULJLQDOLWRX 9H VYëFK SRÿiWFtFK Y\FKi]HO ] SRHWLN\ SRS DUWX 6HWNiQt EL]DUQtKR VYčWD UHNODP\ V æLWRX UHDOLWRX VHGPGHViWëFK D RVPGHViWëFK OHW SR]GčML Y\PčQLO ]D LQWLPQt WRSRJUDÀL VYčWHOQëFK REMHNWĥ ~WRÿLäģ D LQWHULpUĥ 9H VYp QHMQRYčMät WYRUEč Y\WYiĝt UR]PčUQp WLVN\ ] KORXEN\ Y\WYiĝHQp SRPRFt SRÿtWDÿH 9ëVWDYD D SXEOLNDFH NWHUi ML GRSURYi]t SĝLQiäHMt SUĥĝH] 0LFKiONRYRX GRVDYDGQt WYRUERX D ]iNODGQt ELRJUDÀFNp D ELEOLRJUDÀFNp ~GDMH N MHKR æLYRWX D GtOX *UDSKLF DUWLVW GUDXJKWVPDQ DQG OHFWXUHU 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN LV D UHFRJQL]HG DUWLVW SUDLVHG IRU KLV PHWDSK\VLFDO LQVLJKW LQWR JHQHUDO LVVXHV DQG SHUVRQDO P\WKV GHYHORSHG LQ JUDSKLF F\FOHV FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ RULJLQDO WHFKQLTXHV :KHQ KH EHJDQ KH ZDV LQÁXHQFHG E\ SRS DUW 7KH FRQIURQWDWLRQ RI WKH EL]DUUH ZRUOG RI DGYHUWLVLQJ ZLWK WKH DFWXDO UHDOLW\ RI WKH V DQG V ODWHU RQ WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR DQ LQWLPDWH WRSRJUDSK\ RI OLJKW REMHFWV VKHOWHUV DQG LQWHULRUV ,Q KLV ODWHVW ZRUN KH XVHV WKH LQWDJOLR WHFKQLTXH FRPELQLQJ WKH FRPSXWHU SURFHVVLQJ RI DQ LPDJH ZLWK WUDGLWLRQDO SULQWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV 7KH H[KLELWLRQ DQG WKH DFFRPSDQ\LQJ SXEOLFDWLRQ SUHVHQW D FURVV VHFWLRQ RI 0LFKiOHN·V ZRUN DV ZHOO DV EDVLF ELRJUDSKLFDO DQG ELEOLRJUDSKLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ KLV OLIH DQG ZRUN

2 1 – 3 0 – L O

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN

Olomouc 2012

SXEOLNDFH N YëVWDYč

OL– 03–12 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN ² 2OGĝLFK ãHPEHUD ² -Lĝt åOHEHN 0X]HXP XPčQt 2ORPRXF 0X]HXP PRGHUQtKR XPčQt 2EUD]iUQD ² 9ëVWDYD koncepce a kurátor výstavy | Ivo Binder DUFKLWHNWRQLFNp ĝHäHQt _ 0DUHN 1RYiN YëVWDYQt JUDÀND _ 3HWU ãPDOHF LQVWDODFH _ )LOLS ãLQGHOiĝ 9ODVWLPLO 6HGOiÿHN 3XEOLNDFH 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN HGLWRU _ ,YR %LQGHU 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN WH[W\ _ 2OJD %DGDOtNRYi ,YR %LQGHU /DGLVODY 'DQčN ,YR -DQRXäHN -DQ .ĝtæ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN $OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi -Lĝt 9DORFK 3DYHO =DWORXNDO SĝHNODG UHVXPp _ 0DUWLQ .ROiĝ SRGNODG\ N UHSURGXNFtP _ /XPtU þXĝtN ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 0DUNpWD 2QGUXäNRYi =GHQčN 6RGRPD ² ² ² ² ² ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN ² ² ² -Lĝt )UDLW IURQWLVSLV JUDÀFNi ~SUDYD _ 3HWU ãPDOHF 2OGĝLFK 0LFKiOHN SĝHGWLVNRYi SĝtSUDYD _ 3HWU ãPDOHF WLVN _ 7LVNiUQD (3$9$ V U R QiNODG _ YëWLVNĥ ,6%1 0X]HXP XPčQt 2ORPRXF 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 7H[W\ 2OJD %DGDOtNRYi ,YR %LQGHU /DGLVODY 'DQčN ,YR -DQRXäHN -DQ .ĝtæ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN $OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi -Lĝt 9DORFK 3DYHO =DWORXNDO 3ĝHNODG UHVXPp 0DUWLQ .ROiĝ 3RGNODG\ N UHSURGXNFtP /XPtU þXĝtN 0DUNpWD 2QGUXäNRYi =GHQčN 6RGRPD 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN -Lĝt )UDLW *UDÀFNi ~SUDYD 3HWU ãPDOHF 2OGĝLFK 0LFKiOHN 2EiOND _ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 2GSRÿtYDGOD / 5HVWLQJ 3ODFHV )URQWLVSLV _ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN IRWR -Lĝt )UDLW

Obsah

Úvodem

3DYHO =DWORXNDO

7HĈ Y]OpWQRXW MH FKYtOH

Ivo Binder

9\REUD]HQt

V WH[W\ DXWRUĥ

$OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi

,YR -DQRXäHN

-Lĝt 9DORFK

3DYHO =DWORXNDO

-DQ .ĝtæ

2OJD %DGDOtNRYi

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN

åLYRWRSLV ,YR %LQGHU 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN

=iNODGQt æLYRWRSLVQp ~GDMH VRXSLV YëVWDY D ELEOLRJUDÀH /DGLVODY 'DQčN

6H]QDP Y\REUD]HQt /LVW RI ,OOXVWUDWLRQV

6XPPDU\ 7LPH WR WDNH RII

110

Ivo Binder

Úvodem 3DYHO =DWORXNDO

0LOë 2QGĝHML -LUNR 2OGR MLæ WRWR RVORYHQt Y GREč NG\ WpPčĝ QLNGR QH]DÿtQi SVDQt MLQDN QHæ dobrý den ² D WR MHäWč Y OHSätP SĝtSDGč ² VYčGÿt R WRP æH VH ~YRGQt VORYR EXGH RGEëYDW Y SRQčNXG VWDURVYčWVNpP GXFKX $FK ERæH MH WR SĝHFH Y SRĝiGNX PiWH PiPH QD WR YH VYpP YčNX SUi YR -VHP PLPRFKRGHP UiG æH QLNGR ] YiV GRVXG QHSURSDGO UR] ätĝHQp SRäHWLORVWL ]GiW VH MLQëP ² PODGätP 9æG\ģ E\VWH WDN VYRMH GtOR LOXVWURYDOL VYRX YODVWQt NDULNDWXURX $OH QHXVPtYHMWH VH DQL Y SĝHGWXäH æH VH QiVOHGXMtFt YčW\ SRQHVRX Y GXFKX Y]SRPtQiWH MDN MVPH WHKG\¬ 7R VL VQDG SRQHFKHMPH QD FKYLONX SR YHUQLViæL Dæ Y\MGHPH QD WHUDVX SRGtYDW VH MDN ÿW\ĝVSĝHæt VOXQHÿQtKR YR]X PL]t ]D RE]RUHP WR QHQt ]H Pč DOH ] 2YLGLD 1D GUXKp VWUDQč GRXIiP æH PL QHEXGHWH ]D]OtYDW NG\æ Q\Qt N QiVOHGXMtFtP VWUiQNiP QHSĝL SRMtP GDOät SRNXV R NXQVWKLVWRULFNë UR]ERU YDäHKR GtOD 5R]ERUĥ LQWHUSUHWDFt D SR]QiPHN ² GQHäQtFK L WHKGHMätFK ² MVPH VH GRXIiP VQDæLOL VHEUDW GRVW QD WR DE\ VL NDæGë ]H ÿWHQiĝĥ SĝLäHO QD VYp 9DäH WURMYëVWDYD SDWĝt N MHGQRPX ] F\NOĥ QDäHKR PX]HD Y QčPæ VH VQDætPH Y]SRPtQDW QD RORPRXFNRX YëWYDUQRX VFpQX GUXKp SRORYLQ\ VWROHWt &\NOXV MH VWiOH QHX]DYĝHQë /LWXML PLPR FKRGHP WRKR æH VH Y MHKR UiPFL QHMHQ QD QčNWHUp NWHĝt VL WR WROLN ]DVORXæLOL QHGRVWDOR DOH æH E\OL GRNRQFH QHSRFKRSLWHOQRX D SR OLWRYiQtKRGQRX VKRGRX RNROQRVWt RSRPHQXWL L SĝL VRXKUQQëFK UHWURVSHNWLYiFK 7R MH MLæ ERKXæHO PRæQp RGÿLQLW MHQ ]ÿiVWL 9iV WR QDäWčVWt ² DQLæ E\FK FKWčO Yë]QDP QDäHKR PX]HMQtKR Y]SRPtQi Qt SĝHFHėRYDW ² QHSRVWLKOR D MVHP QDYtF PRF UiG æH E\OR PRæQp XVSRĝiGDW LQVWDODFL ] YDäLFK SUDFt Q\Qt D Y WpWR SRGREč 6 IRUPRX WURMYëVWDY\ MVWH VRXKODVLOL MDN VH GRPQtYiP SĝHGHYätP SURWR æH WR SĝLSRPtQi MHGQR ] QHM]DMtPDYčMätFK REGREt YDät WYRUE\ NG\ VH YDäH REUD]\ VRFK\ D JUDÀN\ QD WHKGHMätFK PQRKG\ LPSURYL]RYD QëFK DNFtFK WDN ÿDVWR RFLWDO\ YHGOH VHEH 3RYDæXML YiV ]D MHGQ\ ] QHMWDOHQWRYDQčMätFK YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ GRE\ NWHUi SRGOH PpKR Qi]RUX SDWĝLOD N YUFKROQëP Y UiPFL ROR PRXFNp YëWYDUQp NXOWXU\ PLQXOpKR VWROHWt ² SĝHVWRæH D PRæQi L SURWRæH WR E\OD GRED MDQXVRYVNi -DN VKRUD ĝHÿHQR QHEXGX VH WDG\ SRXäWčW GR XPčOHFNRKLVWRULFNëFK YëNODGĥ D WDN QD RWi]NX SURÿ RGSRYčĈ MHQ QD]QDÿtP 7HKG\ MVPH YDäH SUiFH FKiSDOL ² VD PR]ĝHMPč Y\MPD NDWHJRULt HVWHWLFNp OLERVWL D WDMHPQD ² WDNp Y DOH JRULFNp URYLQč MDNR SRGREHQVWYt R VYp GREč =GiOR VH æH PDMt SĝHGHYätP GRERYč NRQNUpWQt SODWQRVW PiP OL EëW FR QHMVWUXÿQčMät D V YčGRPëP ]MHGQRGXäHQtP ]ORPHQp VYčWOR þHFKiÿHN 1DĝYDQ

]UDQčQi NUDMLQD Y]SRPtQHN 6 RGVWXSHP VH XND]XMH æH äOR R SODW QRVW REHFQRX 3O\QRX ] WRKR PLQLPiOQč GYč YčFL SUR YiV WD ]SUiYD PĥæH EëW YHOPL GREURX SUR WXWR ]HPL RYäHP IDWiOQtP SRVHOVWYtP 1HGi PL WR QDNRQHF DE\FK SĝHFH MHQ QH]PtQLO QčFR ] WRKR FR ]DYiQt RQtP Y]SRPtQiWH FR VLFH EëYi R WčFK OpWHFK ]PLėRYiQR DOH WDG\ PĥæH QDEëW ]FHOD NRQNUpWQt SRGRE\ E\O E\FK UiG NG\ E\VWH SĝL SURFKi]FH YëVWDYQtPL ViO\ V YDäLPL VHEUDQëPL D SURPt VHQëPL GtO\ SRFtWLOL DOHVSRė QD FKYLONX RGOHVN IDVHW WHKGHMätKR SĝiWHOVWYt WHKGHMät EH]HVORYQp EOt]NRVWL WHKGHMätKR QDODGčQt QD VSROHÿQRX OHKFH ÿHUQč KXPRUQRX URYLQX WHKGHMätKR OHFKWi Qt VYRERG\ NRXVHN ]D KUDQRX WDNp YDätP SĝLÿLQčQtP VH Y WRPWR PčVWč SURVWRU VYRERG\ UR]äLĝRYDO WHKGHMät WROHUDQFH L QREOHV\ WHKGHMät WYUGRätMQRVWL L WHPSHUDPHQWX 0\VOtP æH E\ VH WR SRGD ĝLW PRKOR YæG\ģ ÅWUDJpGLH VWiĝt QHQt Y WRP æH MH ÿORYčN VWDUë DOH æH MH PODGë´ 1 9iä 3DYHO =DWORXNDO

1 2VFDU :LOGH 2EUD] 'RULDQD *UD\H 3UDKD V

7HĈ Y]OpWQRXW MH FKYtOH Ivo Binder

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN YVWRXSLO QD XPčOHFNRX VFpQX Y GREč SR]QDPH QDQp XUÿLWRX VNHSVt QDG EXGRXFQRVWt JUDÀN\ %\OD R]QDÿRYiQD ]D NRQ]HUYDWLYQt D QHVFKRSQRX LQRYDFt NWHUp E\ RGSRYtGDO\ ]Pč QiP DNWXiOQtKR XPčOHFNpKR GLVNXU]X 1D MHGQp VWUDQč YëVWDYQt VtQč ]DSOėRYDO\ SRÿHWQp JUDÀFNp SUiFH ÿDVWR L YLUWXy]Qt WHFKQLFNp ~URYQč NWHUp YäDN VYëPL REVDK\ Y\FKi]HO\ YVWĝtF SRNOHVOpPX YNX VX D NRPHUÿQtPX ]iMPX QD GUXKp VWUDQč ĝDGD Yë]QDPQëFK XPčOFĥ äHGHViWëFK OHW JUDÀNX RSRXäWčOD D VRXVWĝHGLOD VH QD YHONp ~NR O\ NWHUp SĝLQiäHOD UHQHVDQFH PDOE\ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN VH SUR JUD ÀNX UR]KRGO LQWXLWLYQč VWHMQč MDNR SRVOp]H LQWXLWLYQč SĝHNRQiYDO WHFKQLFNp SUREOpP\ JUDÀFNpKR XPčQt *UDÀNX VL Y\YROLO MLæ EčKHP VWXGLt QD )LOR]RÀFNp IDNXOWč 8QLYHU]LW\ 3DODFNpKR Y 2ORPRXFL NGH DEVROYRYDO RERU\ ÿHVNë MD]\N D YëWYDUQi WHRULH D YëFKRYD 6WX GRYDO Y OHWHFK MHMtKR QHMVLOQčMätKR SHGDJRJLFNpKR REVD]HQt NWHUp XPRæQLOD SROLWLFNi REOHYD SUDæVNpKR MDUD ² $ L NG\æ VH XPčOHFN\ IRUPRYDO SRPčUQč QH]iYLVOH ]QDPHQDOD SUR QčM SĝtWRP QRVW SHGDJRJĥ MDNëPL E\OL =GHQčN .XGčOND ² (GXDUG 2YÿiÿHN 0LURVODY ãWROID D ]HMPpQD 9iFODY =\NPXQG ² YHONë RVREQRVWQt UĥVW -Læ 0LFKiONRYD DEVROYHQWVNi práce +U\ ² FHVW\ Y\ND]XMH YäHFKQ\ U\V\ MHKR SR]GčMätKR XPčQt &\NOXV JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ H[SHULPHQWXMtFtFK V KOXERWLVNRYRX DSOLNDFt OLQRU\WX MH LURQLFNRX JORVRX ² DOHJRULt Y Qtæ VH QD SR]DGt VWROQt GHVNRYp KU\ þORYčÿH QH]ORE VH UR]HKUiYi ĝDGD SUREOHPDWLF NëFK WpPDW MDNR MVRX PRF D PDQLSXODFH V DQRQ\PQtP ÿORYčNHP ² GDYHP 3URJUDP JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ MH QDSOQčQ VSOHWt SĝtEčKĥ D Yë ]QDPĥ ]iPčUQëFK L PLPRGčÿQëFK JORV -DNR WHFKQLNX VL ]YROLO OL QRU\W ] KORXEN\ NWHUë SURPčQLO Y RVRELWRX WHFKQLNX XPRæėXMtFt YHGOH WUDGLÿQtKR U\Wt DSOLNDFL UHF\NORYDQpKR PDWHULiOX YSDORYiQt NQLKWLVNRYëFK äWRÿNĥ SĥOWyQRYRX NUHVEX SRXæLWtP ODNX QD ]GUV QčQëFK PtVWHFK L SUiFL V WH[WHP ]DæHKOHQtP DOXPLQLRYp IyOLH V UH OLpIHP VWURMRSLVX GR PDWULFH 6 F\NOHP VRXYLVt L OLVW QD]YDQë 9tWč] UHODWLYL]XMtFt SR]LFL VSRU WRYFH VSRUWRYQtFK IDQRXäNĥ D NOXERYëFK NRXÿĥ 0LFKiOHN VLFH Y\FKi]t ] GRERYč DNWXiOQtFK WHQGHQFt MDNR MH QiYUDW N ÀJXĝH D REHFQč SRS DUWRYi SRHWLND SUDFXMtFt V YL]XiOQtP PDWHULiOHP VYčWD UHNODP\ DYäDN MLæ VYëP SUYQtP Y\VWRXSHQtP VH Y\P\Ni MH MLFK GLNWiWX 3RXætYi VLFH ÅQHMGHPRNUDWLÿWčMät´ JUDÀFNRX WHFKQLNX DOH QDSURVWR QHVWDQGDUGQtP ]SĥVREHP Y Wp GREč MHäWč OLQRU\W N WLVNX ] KORXEN\ QLNGR EčæQč QHXætYDO ² Dæ WHSUYH SR URFH WRXWR WHFKQLNRX ]DÿDO SUDFRYDW -Lĝt 6DPHN > @ D REUD]RYRX

2GSRXWiQt / %UHDNDZD\

VORæNX GtOD Y\EDYLO VORæLWëPL ÀOR]RÀFNëPL REVDK\ D SĝtEčK\ 7HG\ QčÿtP FR E\OR Y Wp GREč SRG GHKRQHVWXMtFtP Sĝt]YLVNHP R]QDÿR YiQR MDNR OLWHUiUQt $QLæ E\ VH WtP QHFKDO ]YLNODW SRNUDÿRYDO Y ]D SRÿDWp FHVWč -HäWč URNX Y\WYRĝLO VWHMQRX WHFKQLNRX GDOät GYD JUDÀFNp F\NO\ -HGQtP MH F\NOXV MHKRæ OLVW\ QD]YDO NDSLWRODPL MDNR E\ WtP FKWčO SRGWUKQRXW SĝtEčKRYRVW QiPčWX 'R LPDJLQiUQtKR PčVWVNpKR H[WHULpUX V SHUVSHNWLYQč XEtKDMtFt XOLFt ]DVD]XMH SRVWD Y\ N QLPæ PXOWLSOLNRYDQč SRXæLO äWRÿN\ SRVWDY ] PyGQtFK VWUDQ GHQtNĥ -DNR OHLWPRWLY ] MHGQp NDSLWRO\ GR GUXKp SĝHFKi]t HQLJPD WLFNi FKODSHFNi WYiĝ GtYN\ QHER GtYÿt WYiĝ FKODSFH" V Qtæ MVPH VH VHWNDOL MLæ Y SĝHGFKR]tP F\NOX 7tP GUXKëP F\NOHP MH %H] Qi]YX /D YLH HVW EHOOH 'RVWiYi VH Y QčP GR SRSĝHGt ]ĝHWHOQčML DUWLNXOR YDQi VNXSLQD SRVWDY NWHUi EXGH GRPLQRYDW L Y QiVOHGXMtFtFK F\N OHFK MDNR QDSĝtNODG 'UDKRXäNX RGSRÿLė VL Y QčPæ ]DÿtQi SĝL WLVNX SUDFRYDW L V EDUYRX 3R XNRQÿHQt VWXGLt D NUiWNpP SĥVREHQt Y SURSDJDFL SRGQLNX )ORUD 2ORPRXF QDVWRXSLO 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN YRMHQVNRX VOXæEX X DU PiGQtKR XPčOHFNpKR VRXERUX Y 3UD]H $QL WDP QHSĝHUXäLO VYRML JUDÀFNRX DNWLYLWX 9\WYRĝLO GDOät F\NO\ JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ 3ĝtVWXSQp ]DKUDG\ a 7HĈ Y]OpWQRXW MH FKYtOH ĜDGX F\NOĥ ] LQWLPQtKR SURVWĝH Gt ]DNRQÿLO URNX F\NOHP 1DäL 3RVWDY\ NWHUëPL NRPSR]LFH ]DE\GOXMH SĥVREt MDNR VHULiORYt KUGLQRYp ]REUD]XMH MH YH VWUQX OëFK Sy]iFK QHER VH VWUQXOëPL ~VPčY\ $EVXUGQRVW VLWXDFt SRGWU KXMt Qi]Y\ F\NOĥ 0LFKiONRYL VH YäDN QHMHGQi R W]Y VSROHÿHQVNRX

2 ] F\NOX +U\ Â² FHVW\ / IURP WKH F\FOH *DPHV Â² 5RDGV

,,, NDSLWROD / 7KH UG &KDSWHU

,9 NDSLWROD / 7KH WK &KDSWHU

] F\NOX 7HÄ&#x2C6; Y]OpWQRXW MH FKYtOH IURP WKH F\FOH 7LPH WR 7DNH 2II

23 ] F\NOX 1DÃ¤L IURP WKH F\FOH 0\ )RON

] F\NOX 1DÃ¤L IURP WKH F\FOH 0\ )RON

'ĥP NXOWXU\ 2UORYi ,YR -DQRXäHN

*UDÀFNi WYRUED 2QGĝHMH 0LFKiOND Y SRÿiWFtFK Y\äOD ] H[ SHULPHQWiOQtFK SUDFt V WHFKQLNRX OLQRU\WX WLVNQXWpKR ] KORXEN\ 1D ]iNODGč NRPELQDFH U\WHFNëFK SRVWXSĥ V WHSHOQëP QDUXäRYi QtP GHVN\ DXWRU GRFtOLO YëUD]X EOt]NpKR OHSWX QHER VXFKp MHKOH 9ëUD] WLVNX D YHULVWLFNi IRUPD NUHVE\ RGSRYtGDO\ REVDKX Y\WYi ĝHQp SUĥQLN\ REUD]RYëFK D WH[WRYëFK SUYNĥ VSROX V UDVWURYiQtP Y\MDGĝRYDO\ VYčW PDVRYëFK NRPXQLNDÿQtFK PpGLt VYčW UHNODPQtFK VORJDQĥ D DEVXUGLW WHFKQLFNp FLYLOL]DFH 1iVOHGXMtFt Ii]H WYRUE\ SĝLEOLæXMtFt VH MLæ YëUD]X GQHäQt YëVWDY\ MH YH ]QDPHQt ~VWXSX RG OHSRUHORYp IRUP\ VPčUHP NH ]REUD]R YiQt V\PEROLFNëFK SURGXNWĥ FLYLOL]DFH Y NUDMLQč FKODGQpKR VYčWD RSXäWčQëFK XOLF D DXWRVWUiG 0RQRWyQQRVW D VDPRWD SURVWRUĥ MH SRXND]HP QD Y\WYiĝHMtFt VH L]RORYDQRVW ÿORYčND VWHUHRW\SQRVW MHKR æLYRWD D ÀNWLYQRVW VSROHÿHQVNpKR E\Wt NDätURYDQRVW KRQRV QëFK IDViG ]DNUëYDMtFtFK KURPDG\ VXWLQ MH V\PEROHP UXEX D OtFH SVHXGRKRGQRW VSRWĝHEQt VSROHÿQRVWL 'XFKRYQčMät D YQLWĝQč FLWRYčMät Ii]H WYRUE\ VH YiæH NH NUDMLQ QëP YL]tP VNDOLVWëFK PRĝVNëFK SREĝHæt V ~WYDU\ S\UDPLG 2EUD]\ PLOHQHFNëFK GYRMLF QDYD]XMt VLFH QD GĝtYčMät WpPDWD IDViGRYëFK UHNODP ]DÿtQi VH YäDN SURKOXERYDW LPDJLQDWLYQt VORæND RGUD] SRGYčGRPëFK WXæHE D VQĥ 7tP L YH YQLWĝQtP REVDKX D Y\]QčQt WYRUE\ 0LFKiOHN SĝHFKi]t RG YQčMätKR NULWLFLVPX N Y\MiGĝHQt H[LV WHQFLRQiOQtFK SRFLWĥ RG SRXKpKR LURQL]RYiQt PčäģiFWYt N KOHGiQt GXFKRYQtKR QDSOQčQt 6RXVWĝHGčQt QD YQLWĝQt VORæNX æLYRWD ]D]QtYi ]YOiäWč X QiVOHG QëFK 0LFKiONRYëFK NUHVHE NOHFt D RKUDæHQëFK SURVWRUĥ 2SURWL YëUD]Qp H[SUHVLYLWč JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ V RVWUëPL Dæ GUiVDYëPL ED UHYQëPL WyQ\ ÿHUQREtOi YHULVWLFNi NUHVED QiV ]DYiGt GR VYčWD VQĥ L NG\æ V SRGWH[WHP GUDPDWX OLGVNp H[LVWHQFH YH VP\VOX 1RYDOLVRYD QRYRURPDQWLFNpKR SULQFLSX Å6YčW PXVt EëW ]URPDQ WL]RYiQ 7DN QDOH]QH RSčW SĥYRGQt VP\VO¬´ 2VFLODFH QD SRPH]t VNXWHÿQRVWL D VQX æLYRWD D ÀNFH MDNR SDUDOHO\ SURWLNODGX æLYRWQtFK WXæHE D QDSOQčQt REVDKXMt L GDOät 0LFKiONRY\ NUHVE\ XOLF V ~WYDU\ GHWHUPLQXMtFt OLGVNp SRVWDY\ D MHMLFK RVXG\ 9 GtOH 2QGĝHMH 0LFKiOND WDN QDFKi]tPH GYD SyO\ QD MHGQp VWUD Qč RGUD] FLYLOL]DÿQtKR FKODGX Dæ UHNODPQtKR FKDUDNWHUX QD VWUDQč GUXKp SRGYčGRPë QiERM LPDJLQDFH Dæ PHGLWDFH ,QWHOHNWXiOQt SĝtVWXS DXWRUD XGUæXMH REč VORæN\ Y PtĝH RGSRYtGDMtFt UHÁH[L æLYR WD 9 UHSURGXNÿQt D Yë]QDPRYp YtFHYUVWYRVWL 0LFKiONRYëFK GčO MH WDN REVDæHQD VORæLWRVW UR]SRUQRVW DYäDN L MHGQRWD VYčWD

,YR -DQRXäHN 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND NUHVE\ .DWDORJ YëVWDY\ 'ĥP NXOWXU\ 2UORYi

] F\NOX %H] Qi]YX /D YLH HVW EHOOH IURP WKH F\FOH 8QWLWOHG /D YLH HVW EHOOH

*DOHULH QHMOHSätFK / *DOOHU\ RI WKH %HVW

3ĝtMH]G VODYQëFK ]SčYiNĥ / $UULYDO RI )DPRXV 6LQJHUV

.UDMLQD V SRXWD每L D UR]KOHGQRX / /DQGVFDSH ZLWK %LOOERDUGV DQG D /RRNRXW, 1980

Hop / Hop, 1983

'LYDGOR KXGE\ 2ORPRXF -Lĝt 9DORFK

&HOi GRVDYDGQt WYRUED RORPRXFNpKR JUDÀND D NUHVOtĝH 2QGĝHMH 0LFKiOND MH IRUPRYiQD MHKR Y]WDKHP N WHFKQLFNp FLYLOL]DFL SĝHGHYätP NH VIpĝH PDVRYëFK PpGLt D NRPXQLNDFH ² W\ ]NRXPi D VYĥM Y]WDK N QLP UHÁHNWXMH Y OLVWHFK NWHUp SRVWXSQč VWiOH YtFH QDEëYDMt SRYDK\ REUD]Qp PHWDIRULFNp YëSRYčGL 1HMVWDUät 0LFKiONRY\ F\NO\ Y\FKi]HO\ ] SRGQčWĥ YL]XiOQtFK FKDUDNWHULVWLN PDVRYëFK PpGLt ² REUi]N\ ] ÿDVRSLVĥ UDVWUHP UR]ÿOHQčQp IRWRJUDÀH MDN QiP MH ]SURVWĝHGNRYiYi QRYLQRYë äWRÿHN ÿL WHOHYL]Qt REUD]RYND QHER GHWDLO\ YtFH ÿL PpQč EDQiOQtFK SRKOHGĥ QD XUÿLWi PtVWD QHER VLWXDFH V MDNëPL VH VHWNiYiPH Y PčVWVNpP SURVWĝHGt ² WR E\O REUD]RYë UHSHUWRiU NWHUë VH VHWNiYDO Y SORäH JUDÀFNpKR OLVWX ÿDVWR MHäWč GRSOėRYiQ StVPHP IUDJPHQW\ WH[Wĥ FLWDFHPL QHER MHMLFK SDUDIUi]HPL 3tVPR YL]XiOQt SRGRERX RSčW RGND]RYDOR N QHRVREQtPX ÅUXNRSLVX´ SVDFtKR VWURMH GiOQRSLVX ÿL WHOHJUDIX 9ëVOHGNHP WčFKWR NRQIURQWDFt D VHWNiQt E\OD Yë]QDPRYč GLIHUHQFRYDQi YëSRYčĈ R ÿORYčNX Y FLYLOL]DÿQtP SURVWĝHGt R MHGQRWOLYëFK DVSHNWHFK WRKRWR SURVWĝHGt R VLWXDFtFK GR QLFKæ VH Y QčP ÿORYčN GRVWiYi 1DOpKDYRVW NRPXQLNDÿQtFK PRPHQWĥ E\OD ]GĥUD]ėRYiQD MDN SRYDKRX REUD]RYpKR PDWHULiOX MHKR YL]XiOQtFK FKDUDNWHULVWLN WDN SUROtQiQtP V StVPHP ² FtOHP E\OD YëSRYčĈ R NRPXQLNDFL R ÿORYčNX Y SURVWĝHGt ]DKOFRYDQpP LQIRUPDFHPL D ]iURYHė ]tVNiYDMtFtP VWiOH YčWät PQRæVWYt LQIRUPDFt ]SURVWĝHGNRYDQč 'UXKRX YëUD]QRX NDSLWRORX YëWYDUQtNRY\ SUiFH E\OD ĝDGD JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ D NUHVHE MHMLFKæ QHMÿDVWčMätP PRWLYHP VH VWDO\ SRXWDÿH ² SRXWDÿH E\O\ SUR 0LFKiOND PHWDIRURX XUÿLWpKR ]SĥVREX NRPXQLNDFH SĝHVQčML ĝHÿHQR SVHXGRNRPXQLNDFH E\O\ PHWDIRURX SURVWĝHGt ÿL VLWXDFH Y QLFKæ QD PtVWR VNXWHÿQp LQIRUPDFH QDVWXSXMH MHMt QH]iPčUQi NDULNDWXUD 6YčW SRNOHVOp NXOWXU\ VYčW SVHXGRKRGQRW D QDOpKDYRVW SRWĝHE\ NULWLN\ E\O\ YODVWQtP ÅREVDKHP´ WčFKWR OLVWĥ ² WOXPHQi KOXERWLVNRYi EDUHYQRVW E\OD Q\Qt Y\VWĝtGiQD UD]DQWQt ÅSODNiWRYRX´ EDUHYQRVWt EH]SURVWĝHGQč RGND]XMtFt GR NDWHJRULt NRQ]XPX UHNODP\ D SRNOHVOëFK KRGQRW 1LNROL QiKRGRX Y]EXGLO QčNROLNUiW SR]RUQRVW H[HPSOiUQt OLVW ] WRKRWR REGREt NWHUë VH MPHQXMH 3ĝtMH]G VODYQëFK ]SčYiNĥ ² GR XOLFH QHYMtæGčMt RVRE\ DOH MVRX SĝLYiæHQ\ SRXWDÿH V SĝH]YčWäHQëPL WYiĝHPL WčFK NWHĝt VH VWDOL LGRO\ D ]iURYHė VH VWDOL NRQ]XPQtP ]ERætP = XPčQt VH VWiYi UHNODPD ] UHNODP\ NäHIW¬ .ULWLFNë D LURQLFNë DNFHQW MH X WčFKWR 0LFKiONRYëFK JUDÀN D NUHVHE VQDG QHMQiSDGQčMät SRÿtQDMH IDOHäQëP SDWRVHP ]GiQOLYč ]FHOD NRQNUpWQtFK D YH VNXWHÿQRVWL ]FHOD DQRQ\PQtFK WYiĝt LGROĥ PDVRYp ]iEDY\ D NRQÿH SUi]GQRWRX ]DGQtFK VWčQ SRXWDÿĥ EH]QDGčMQč QHRVREQtFK D PRKRXFtFK EëW SRXWDÿHP SUR MDNRXNROLY WYiĝ 0LFKiOHN VL YHOPL SĝHVQč XYčGRPRYDO æH QHEH]SHÿt NRQ]XPQtKR SĝtVWXSX NH VYčWX VH QHY\KëEi DQL QDäLP VSROHÿHQVNëP SRGPtQNiP D SDUDIUi]RYDO MHM YH VSHFLÀFN\ YëWYDUQp PHWDIRĝH ÿDVWR V Y\XæLWtP YL]XiOQtKR RGND]X SUiYč N WčP REODVWHP NGH MH

WHQWR SĝtVWXS QHMQiSDGQčMät MDNR MH VIpUD SRS PXVLF ]iEDYD DSRG -HVWOLæH SUR SUYQt ~GREt XPčOFRY\ WYRUE\ E\OR Sĝt]QDÿQp SĝHGHYätP REMHYRYiQt FKDUDNWHULVWLN PDVRYp NRPXQLNDFH D QDYR]RYiQt PRæQëFK Y]WDKĥ GR NWHUëFK VH ÿORYčN Y SRGPtQNiFK WčFKWR Y]WDKĥ GRVWiYi SDN GRPLQDQWQtP U\VHP GUXKpKR ~GREt MH LURQLFNi SDUDIUi]H JURWHVNQt ]GĥUD]QčQt XUÿLWpKR MHYX NWHUë PHWDIRULFN\ ]DVWXSXMH FHORX VIpUX ] Qtæ SRFKi]t D NWHUë MH WDN Y\VWDYRYiQ NULWLFH =DWtP SRVOHGQt WYĥUÿt ~GREt XPčOFRYR ² YëEčU ] NWHUpKR SĝHGVWDYXMH YëVWDYD Y RORPRXFNpP 'LYDGOH KXGE\ ² QDYD]XMH EH]SURVWĝHGQč QD SUiFH SĝHGFKR]t DOH MHMLFK NULWLFNë DNFHQW MH XWOXPHQ D SRVWXSQč ]FHOD QDKUD]RYiQ GDOätPL Yë]QDP\ -H DVL FKDUDNWHULVWLFNp æH ² DÿNROL YčWäLQD 0LFKiONRY\ WYRUE\ MVRX JUDÀN\ ² SUYQtPL OLVW\ QD]QDÿXMtFtPL ]PčQX GĥUD]X E\O\ NUHVE\ 9 WčFK MVPH VH SRSUYp DVL SĝHG WĝHPL OHW\ VHWNDOL V NRQÀJXUDFHPL NWHUp MLæ QHPčO\ SRYDKX NULWLFNp UHÁH[H DOH GĝtY QDVWRORYDO\ QRYp PRæQp VLWXDFH D NRQWH[W\ Y QLFKæ VH MHGQRWOLYp HOHPHQW\ SĝtURGQtKR SURVWĝHGt VHWNiYDMt V SUYN\ FLYLOL]DÿQtPL L V PRWLY\ PDVRYp NRPXQLNDFH =YOiäWč QRYč VH REMHYXMtFt GHWDLO\ ÿL IUDJPHQW\ SĝtURGQtKR SURVWĝHGt ]GĥUD]ėXMt RGOLäQp ]DPčĝHQt WčFKWR GčO ² N SUYQtP EH]SURVWĝHGQč QDYD]XMtFtP QD PRWLY\ SRXWDÿĥ Y XOLFtFK D ÿDVWR GH IDFWR XOLFL QDKUD]XMtFt E\O\ SRXWDÿH QD PRĝVNpP SREĝHæt 3ĝtURGQt MHY E\O NRQIURQWRYiQ V OLGVNëP ]iVDKHP D WR FR E\OR Y PčVWVNpP SURVWĝHGt LURQLt D Yë]YRX VH VWDOR ]QHSRNRMLYëP VHWNiQtP GYRX RGOLäQëFK SRGRE H[LVWHQFH 3UR 0LFKiOND WROLN FKDUDNWHULVWLFNp SRXWDÿH SĝHVWDO\ EëW UHSUH]HQWDQW\ SRNOHVOëFK KRGQRW D VWDO\ VH UHSUH]HQWDQW\ OLGVNp SĝtWRPQRVWL 'R UHSHUWRiUX XPčOFRYëFK OLVWĥ SĝLEëYDMt QRYp GR Wp GRE\ SUR QčKR QH]DMtPDYp PRWLY\ 3ĝHGHYätP WR MVRX æLYO\ DOH WDNp æLYp RUJDQLVP\ GRNRQFH ]YtĝDWD L NG\æ YH Y\ÿOHQčQp PLNURVRFLHWč ]WHFKQL]RYDQp NOHFH 6QDG QHMREHFQčML D V MLVWRX PtURX QHSĝHVQRVWL E\FKRP PRKOL KRYRĝLW R MDNpPVL KOHGiQt QRYpKR PëWX R REMHYRYiQt QRYëFK QH]QiPëFK VLWXDFt D VRXYLVORVWt R Y\WYiĝHQt QRYëFK Yë]QDPRYëFK YD]HE PH]L SĝtURGQtP D OLGVNëP R LPSOLNRYiQt VNU\WëFK Yë]QDPĥ 9]WDK PH]L XPčOëP D SĝtURGQtP PĥæH EëW MHGQR]QDÿQRX NRQIURQWDFt MDNR WRPX E\OR X SRXWDÿĥ QD PRĝVNpP SREĝHæt ² D SDN VH QDVNëWi RWi]ND NRPX MVRX W\WR SRXWDÿH XUÿHQ\ D SURÿ¬ 9 SR]DGt VH REMHYt L RGND] N SUDYčNëP PHJDOLWLFNëP NXOWXUiP SĝHQHVHQë GR YL]XiOQtFK SURVWĝHGNĥ QDät GRE\¬ $OH SĝtURGQt D XPčOp PĥæH EëW Y]iMHPQč L ]DPčQLWHOQp MDN WR QHMQiSDGQčML GRNXPHQWXMt SRVOHGQt JUDÀFNp OLVW\ V PRWLYHP VYčWOD SĝHGHYätP F\NOXV 2VYčWORYiQt , ² 9,, (1984), ale také WĝHED %OHVN -HMLFK VYčWOR PĥæH EëW ]URYQD WDN SĝtURGQt MDNR XPčOp EOHVN SĝtURGQt MHY SDU H[FHOOHQFH PĥæH EëW XPčOëP ÿORYčNHP ]SĥVREHQëP YëERMHP RVYčWOHQt PĥæH EëW UHDOL]DFt OLGVNpKR ]iPčUX L PRPHQWiOQtP QiVOHGNHP SĝtURGQtKR GčMH 9]WDK PH]L XPčOëP D SĝtURGQtP MH YëWYDUQtNHP SRFLģRYiQ MDNR

2VYčWORYiQt ,,, / ,OOXPLQDWLRQ ,,,, 1984

)R\HU 'LYDGOD Y þHVNpP 7čätQč 3DYHO =DWORXNDO

.G\æ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN Y\WYiĝHO Y OHWHFK ² VpULL NUHVHE Y Qtæ ]DWtP QDSRVOHG\ XSODWQLO ÀJXUiOQt VORæNX ÅWHNRXFt´ æHQVNp ~VPčY\ E\OR MLæ ]ĝHMPp æH MHM QD WčFKWR SUDFtFK SĝLQHMPHQätP VWHMQč LQWHQ]tYQč ]DMtPi L VWUiQND QHÀJXUDWLYQt DEVWUDKXMtFt 9 WpæH GREč VH Y MHKR GtOH REMHYLO\ SUYQt ]ĝHWHOQp Sĝt]QDN\ WRKR FR UR]SUDFRYiYi GRGQHV SĝLSRPHėPH ]YOiäWč JUDÀNX %OHVN 3ĝtäWt URN ]DÿDO Y]QLNDW F\NOXV JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ 2VYčWORYiQt SR]GčML ,QI~]H SDN 2FKUDQD =QDPHQDMt YëUD]Që DOH QH QHRUJDQLFNë QiVLOQë QHER QHORJLFNë SĝHORP Y MHKR GtOH =SRGREXMH Y QLFK PH]Qt VLWXDFH VORYQč Y\MiGĝLWHOQp ]iVDGQtPL NRQWUDVW\ NRH[LVWHQFH ² ]DWtP QHKRGQRģPH GR MDNp PtU\ DQWDJRQLVWLFNi ² WHPQpKR D MDVQpKR SHYQpKR D QHXUÿLWpKR SHYQpKR D UR]SOL]OpKR MDVQč Y\PH]HQpKR D GLYRFH EXMtFtKR LUDFLRQiOQtKR D NRQFHQWURYDQpKR FKDRWLFNpKR D YëOXÿQpKR GiOH SXGRYRVW D IRUP\ MHMtKR XVPčUQčQt NXOWLYRYiQt UĥVW D SUREOpP\ YëEčUX VtWD SDUDGR[\ GYRMSyORYRVWL RVYčWOHQt QHER VStäH RVYtFHQt D ]iURYHė SRKOFHQt DWG 2EVDKRYRX VWUiQNX MHQ XPRFQLO IRUPiOQt DSDUiW FKODGQp REMHNWLYL]XMtFt SR]RURYiQt MH QiVREHQR ]GĥUD]QčQëP RGVWXSHP %DUHYQi äNiOD VH VRXVWĝHĈXMH QD NRQWUDVW\ ]iĝLYč FKODGQp EčORE\ D RGVWtQ\ äHGRPRGUp 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN YæG\ LQNOLQRYDO N ]iMPX R HSLFNRX VORæNX YëWYDUQpKR GtOD 9 SRVOHGQtFK OHWHFK WHQWR LQWHUHV NRQNUHWL]XMH V\VWHPDWLFNëP SURSUDFRYiYiQtP DOHJRULFNëFK YUVWHY -VPH WpPčĝ Y SRNXäHQt ĝtFL æH VH WX VHWNiYiPH V GUXKHP DOHJRULH NODVLFL]XMtFt 0LFKiONRY\ DOHJRULH WRWLæ Y]QLNDMt QLNROL VSRQWiQQč QëEUæ ]ĝHWHOQč QD ]iNODGč LQWHOHNWXiOQt VSHNXODFH $ QDYtF MH Y QLFK VLOQč SĝtWRPHQ HWL]XMtFt PRUDOL]XMtFt SRGWH[W 6HWNiYiPH VH WX WHG\ V Y\KUDQčQRX ÀOR]RIXMtFt VSROHÿHQVNRX DOHJRULt $OHJRULH SURVWXSXMH FHOëP YëYRMHP YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt 9H VWROHWt EëYDOD YčWäLQRX ]DYUKRYiQD PRGHUQRX SURWRæH VH Y WUDGLÿQtP SRMHWt D SRNOHVOëFK SRORKiFK QH]ĝtGND RFLWDOD QD SRPH]t EDQDOLW\ QHER NëÿH =GiOR VH æH XPčQt VH RG Qt GHÀQLWLYQč RVYRERGLOR D QD MHKR VSLUiORYLWpP YëVWXSX Y]KĥUX PX QHEXGH DQL VWiW ]D WR RKOpGQRXW VH SR Qt 0LFKiOHN MH GQHV MHGQtP ] WčFK NWHĝt VH WXWR IRUPX XFKRSHQt VNXWHÿQRVWL VQDæt SĝHKRGQRWLW UHKDELOLWRYDW SĝL GRPëäOHQt MHMtFK PRæQRVWt SĝL MHMtP VSRMRYiQt V QRYRX IRUPRX SĝL SRNXVX GiW Mt QRYRX QiSOė 3RGVWDWQRX VRXÿiVWt WpWR LQRYDFH MH VORæLWi PQRKRYUVWHYQRVW D ]iURYHė QHXNRQÿHQRVW QHX]DYĝHQRVW YH VP\VOX SRQHFKiQt YHONpKR SURVWRUX LPDJLQDFL $XWRU QDYR]XMH äLURNp REODVWL N GRPëäOHQt XYHĈPH MHQ QDPiWNRX Y]WDK\ LQGLYLGXD D SRVSROLWRVWL VWĝHWiYiQt ]iNODGQtFK SULQFLSĥ Y MHGLQFL ]URYQD WDN MDNR YH VSROHÿQRVWL VQDKD R ]REHFQčQt D ]iURYHė VSHFLÀNRYiQt WčFKWR SULQFLSĥ SRNXV R SRVWLæHQt VLO D ]iNRQLWRVWt VSROHÿQëFK FHOp æLYp D VQDG L QHæLYp SĝtURGč GčMLQQi SRGPtQčQRVW DWG 1HPpQč GĥOHæLWi ED MHäWč ]ĝHWHOQčMät MH GDOät YUVWYD NWHURX E\FKRP PRKOL R]QDÿLW ]D SURQLNiQt GR PUD]LYp REODVWL WDMHPQD QHER MLQDN MDNR NRQFHQWUDFL SUREOpPĥ Y MHMLFK Y MHMLFK MDVQp NU\VWDOLFNp

2VYčWORYiQt 9,, / ,OOXPLQDWLRQ 9,,, 1984

PRQXPHQWDOL]XMtFt SRGREč RVYčWOXMtFt SUREOpP NWHUë VH REMHYLO Y EOt]NRVWL UR]KRGXMtFtKR RNDPæLNX MDVQëP SR]QiQtP 2SčW QHUR]OXÿQč VH SUROtQDMtFt SDUDGR[\ =iURYHė QHVPtPH ]WUiFHW ]H ]ĝHWHOH æH VRXÿDVQi 0LFKiONRYD WYRUED UR]YtMt L WR V ÿtP SĝHG OpW\ Y\VWRXSLO Y SUYQtFK JUDÀFNëFK OLVWHFK 0iPH QD P\VOL GORXKRGREp ~VLOt R RGKDORYiQt IDOHäQp PëWRWYRUQRVWL SURFHV GHPëWL]DFH WHG\ LURQLFNë RGVWXS D VP\VO SUR ]YOiäWQt VXFKë KXPRU NWHUë PRQXPHQWDOL]DFt ]QiVREXMH D NU\VWDOL]XMH WR FR VH MLQDN UR]SOëYi Y QH]ĝHWHOQRVWL 3URWL GĝtYčMäNX NG\ WRPXWR SURFHVX SRGURERYDO MHQ RGSXGLYp QHER WULYLiOQt GQHV ]DEtUi VNXWHÿQRVW PQRKHP ätĝHML 3RFLW VLOQpKR Dæ PUD]LYpKR QDSčWt NWHUp ] 0LFKiONRYëFK SUDFt ÿLät D ]iURYHė DNFHQWRYiQt HSLFNp VORæN\ MH GQHV VWDYt GR EOt]NRVWL WRKR FR E\FKRP PRKOL QHSĝHVQč R]QDÿLW ]D QRYRURPDQWLVPXV 9 MHKR GtOH VH ]iURYHė SURMHYXMH VWiOH ]ĝHWHOQčMät D RUJDQLÿWčMät VRXYLVORVW V ÅRORPRXFNRX äNRORX´ V WYRUERX QčNROLND DXWRUĥ MHKR YUVWHYQtNĥ QDUR]HQëFK Y GUXKp SRORYLQč OHW 3DYHO =DWORXNDO 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND .DWDORJ YëVWDY\ )R\HU 'LYDGOD Y þHVNpP 7čätQč þHVNë 7čätQ

þWHQiĝND / 5HDGHU, 1984

åLYRWRSLV

1947 SURVLQFH VH QDURGLO YH )DNXOWQt QHPRFQLFL Y %UQč 2O]H 0LFKiONRYp UR]HQp .RætNRYp ² D -RVHIX 0LFKiONRYL ² V\Q 2QGĝHM -HMLFK SUYQt V\Q 3HWU VH QDURGLO URNX 2WHF L PDWND E\OL OpNDĝL D SUDFRYDOL QD YtFH PtVWHFK 0RUDY\ 5RNX SĝHVtGOLOL ] 1DSDMHGHO GR /LWRYOH NGH 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN SURæLO VYp GčWVWYt 0DWÿLQ EUDWU VSLVRYDWHO )UDQWLäHN .RætN ² E\O MHGQRX ] SUYQtFK RVREQRVWt NXOWXU\ VH NWHURX VH VHWNDO 3R VYp PDWFH ]GčGLO XPčOHFNë WDOHQW D SRG MHMtP YHGHQtP WDNp Y]QLNDMt MHKR SUYQt YëWYDUQp SUiFH

² 1DYäWčYXMH =iNODGQt GHYtWLOHWRX äNROX Y /LWRYOL

2G WĝtG\ GRMtæGt GR /LGRYp äNRO\ XPčQt Y 2ORPRXFL YëWYDUQë RERU 'RVWDO SUYQt IRWRDSDUiW GYRXRNRX ]UFDGORYNX :HOWDÁH[ ï

96 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN $XWRSRUWUpW

6WXGXMH QD 6WĝHGQt YäHREHFQč Y]GčOiYDFt äNROH Y /LWRYOL

² 6WXGXMH GYRXRERURYč ÿHVNë MD]\N D YëWYDUQRX WHRULL D YëFKRYX QD )LOR]RÀFNp IDNXOWč 8QLYHU]LW\ 3DODFNpKR 2ORPRXF -HKR SHGDJRJ\ E\OL =GHQčN .XGčOND (GXDUG 2YÿiÿHN $OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi 0LURVODY ãWROID 9iFODY =\NPXQG )UDQWLäHN 'YRĝiN D GDOät = RERUX ÿHVNë MD]\N -Lĝt 6NDOLÿND 0LURVODY .RPiUHN 2OGĝLFK .UiOtN -DQ -DKQ GDOät 0H]L MHKR VSROXæiN\ E\OL QDSĝtNODG -Lĝt åOHEHN -DQ =HPiQHN 'DJPDU 1RYiNRYi¬

Å3ĝtPp Y]RU\ MVHP QHPčO D SR]GčML DQL QHFKWčO PtW 5DGRVODY .XWUD NWHUë VH QD NDWHGĝH REMHYLO MHQ NUiWFH QiP QDEtGO MDNR Y]RU &p]DQQD 2GSRYčGčO WDN QD QDäL SRGYčGRPRX WRXKX QDXÿLW VH SRXætYDW EDUYX D VYčWOR QD ]iNODGč QčMDNpKR V\VWpPX 7\ OHNFH MHMLFK DWPRVIpUD E\OD YëERUQi E\O\ QD MHGQX VWUDQX SURVSčäQp QD GUXKp QiP DOH X]DYĝHO\ FHVWX N GDOätP REMHYĥP D PRæQRVWHP $OHVSRė Mi MVHP WR WDN FtWLO NG\æ MVHP VH SDN REWtæQč &p]DQQRYD YOLYX ]EDYRYDO 7HSUYH SR]GčML ² WDNp GtN\ SĝHGQiäNiP 9iFODYD =\NPXQGD ² SĝLäOR SR]QiQt æH YëWYDUQp XPčQt VWHMQč MDNR NWHUpNROL MLQp MH SĝHGHYätP LQWHOHNWXiOQtP SROHP $ æH DOH QHM]DMtPDYčMät EëYDMt ÿDVWR SUiYč ~QLN\ ] MHKR GRVDKX 7\ NWHUp VH RGHKUDMt MDNRE\ Y]GRU YäHPX &KiSiQt XPčQt Y MHKR Yë]QDPRYp DPELYDOHQFL D VSROHKQXWt VH QD YODVWQt Qi]RU QiP QDEtGO L (GXDUG 2YÿiÿHN 1HVSROpKDW VH QD DXWRULW\ L W\ QHMVODYQčMät D YčĝLW SĝHGHYätP YODVWQtPX UR]XPX D KRGQRFHQt 7DNp VH QD NDWHGĝH ]GUæHO ERKXæHO MHQ NUiWFH 1HVPtP SRPLQRXW YOLY -DQD .UDWRFKYtOD 1HE\O PëP Y]RUHP L NG\æ MVHP MHKR ÀOPRYp SODNiW\ D PDOE\ REGLYRYDO /LFKRWLOR PL æH VH PQRX WHQWR VWDUät ]NXäHQë

NROHJD VHWUYiYi Y GLVNXVtFK R VP\VOX VRXÿDVQpKR YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt ,PSRQRYDO PL MHKR MDVQë NRQFHSW ÅRVREQt P\WRORJLH´ ]GĥUD]QčQt REVDKX NWHUë VL ĝtNi R IRUPX , NG\æ SRK\E PH]L IRUPRX D REVDKHP EëYi YčWäLQRX RERXVPčUQë VLPXOWiQQt D SRVOp]H Xæ QHRGGčOLWHOQë MHGHQ RG GUXKpKR SUR SUiFL MH QHMGĥOHæLWčMätP YëFKRGLVNHP ´ 9\VRNRäNROVNi VWXGLD DEVROYRYDO F\NOHP GHVHWL JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ +U\ ² FHVW\ SURYHGHQëFK WHFKQLNRX OLQRU\WX ] KORXEN\

² 9HGRXFt SURSDJDFH SRGQLNX )ORUD 2ORPRXF

² 9\NRQiYi ]iNODGQt YRMHQVNRX VOXæEX Y $UPiGQtP VRXERUX 9tWD 1HMHGOpKR Y 3UD]H QD 3RKRĝHOFL MDNR YëWYDUQtN SURSDJDÿQtKR RGGčOHQt 7RWR LQVSLUDWLYQt PtVWR VH WDNp Y SDUDIUi]L REMHYt QD ~YRGQtP JUDÀFNpP OLVWč F\NOX 3ĝtVWXSQp ]DKUDG\ 2G ]LP\ VH VWiYi REÿDQVNëP ]DPčVWQDQFHP þHVNRVORYHQVNpKR DUPiGQtKR ÀOPX QD %DUUDQGRYč NGH SĥVREt Y WULNRYpP RGGčOHQt YH IXQNFL YëWYDUQtN UHæLVpU

1974 6ėDWHN V 08'U .DPLORX :LU]LQJHURYRX

² 3UDFXMH MDNR YëWYDUQë UHGDNWRU Y RGGčOHQt SURSDJDFH )ORU\ 2ORPRXF

1976 Narodila se mu dcera Alice.

1979 – 1990 Roku 1979 je evidován u þHVNpKR IRQGX YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt FRæ PX XPRæQt RGHMtW GR VYRERGQpKR SRYROiQt åLYt VH JUDÀFNëPL QiYUK\ D SĝtOHæLWRVWQëPL YëWYDUQëPL ]DNi]NDPL

1984

-DN UHDJRYDW QD MHMLFK SUiFH" &R Y\]YHGQRXW D FR SRGURELW NULWLFH MDN DUJXPHQWRYDW NG\æ YäHFKQR MH MHäWč NĝHKNp D QHKRWRYp" &R MLP ĝtFW NG\æ VH VQDæt QDSRGRELW VYpKR SURIHVRUD" 8æ SĝHVQč QHYtP MDN MVHP ] WRKR WHKG\ Y\Yi]O RE]YOiäģ V PRX WHKGHMät FKDERX DQJOLÿWLQRX DOH WHQ ]iæLWHN D WDWR Y]SRPtQND Pč SĝLYHGO\ R GYD URN\ SR]GčML N WRPX æH MVHP SĝLMDO QDEtGNX JUDÀNX XÿLW ´ 6WčKXMH VH V URGLQRX GR GRPX Y 2ORPRXFL +DQXäRYD

2EHVtOi ;,,, 3UHPL LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLEXL[ -RDQ 0LUy )XQGDFLy -RDQ 0LUy. &HQWUH G·(VWXGLV G·$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD NGH E\O RGPčQčQ SUYQt FHQRX H[ DHTXR D VWĝtEUQRX SODNHWRX Å0\VOtP æH GDOätP GĥOHæLWëP LPSXOVHP D PRWLYDFt E\O\ PH]LQiURGQt YëVWDY\ JUDÀN\ NDP VH UHODWLYQč VQDGQR GDO\ WLVN\ SRVtODW ² .UDNyZ .DWRZLFH DM *UDÀN\ VH WHKG\ FKRSLOL L WL NWHUëP E\OD Y]GiOHQi SURWRæH XPRæėRYDOD SĝHNRQDW L]RODFL D NRPXQLNRYDW V WHKG\ MHäWč RGStUDQëP VYčWHP SĝtPR . WRPX DE\ VH R ÿORYčNX YčGčOR QHE\OR QXWQp ætW Y KODYQtP PčVWč D Xæ YĥEHF QHE\OR WĝHED QčNRKR æiGDW R SRYROHQt 6WDÿLOR JUDÀN\ GREĝH ]DEDOLW D SĝHNRQDW EDULpUX FHOQLFH $ VYčW E\O NXSRGLYX RFKRWQë VH RWHYĝtW D SĝLMPRXW H[RW\ ] YëFKRGQtKR EORNX 2G URNX MVHP GtN\ WRPX ]DætYDO SRFLW QH]iYLVORVWL D VYRERG\ QD UR]GtO RG NROHJĥ PDOtĝĥ QHER VRFKDĝĥ ,]RORYDQë QD PDOpP PčVWč MVHP Xæ NRQHÿQč ]DÿDO QčNDP SDWĝLW ´

1990

1987

1992

Å'DOät ]PčQD SĝLäOD V SR]YiQtP QD YëVWDYX D V\PSR]LXP *UDSKLFD $WODQWLFD QD ,VODQGX Y URFH 3UiFH QHE\OR WčæNp SRVODW DOH V SĝtVOLEHP ~ÿDVWL QD V\PSR]LX WR E\OR KRUät 3R NXULy]QtFK SHULSHWLtFK VSRMHQëFK VH ]tVNiQtP GHYL]RYpKR SĝtVOLEX D Y\GiQtP YëMH]GQt GRORæN\ MVHP QDNRQHF RGMHO 0XVHO MVHP YäDN QD SDVRYpP RGGčOHQt VOtELW æH Y SĝtSDGč ~PUWt ]DSODWtP ]H VYpKR UHSDWULDFL YODVWQt PUWYRO\ SĥYRGQč MVHP WR PčO FKWtW SR RUJDQL]iWRUHFK V\PSR]LD 2UJDQL]iWRUĥP MVHP QDSURWL WRPX PXVHO VOtELW æH SĝLMHGX V SĝHGQiäNRX R ÿHVNRVORYHQVNp VRXÿDVQp JUDÀFH 7HQ GUXKë VOLE NWHUë ]QDPHQDO OHWHQN\ D SRE\W VH PL DOH SOQLO GREĝH 'tN\ <YRQQč %RKiÿRYp ] 2EODVWQt JDOHULH Y 2ORPRXFL D WDNp GtN\ DUFKLYX -LĝtKR /LQGRYVNpKR MVHP PRKO SRĝtGLW VSRXVWX GLDSR]LWLYĥ NWHUp SDN RFHQLOR SXEOLNXP V\PSR]LD ] RERX EĝHKĥ $WODQWLNX 2 Wp SĝtKRGč VH UR]HSLVXML WDN ]GORXKDYč SURWR æH PL RGNU\OD GDOät GLPHQ]L RERUX SĥYDE PRæQRVWL SRGčOLW VH R SR]QiQt GRSRUXÿLW SUiFL QčNRKR MLQpKR D SĝLKOiVLW VH N Qt 3RNXG MVHP VH QD NUDNRYVNëFK YHUQLViætFK VH]QDPRYDO VH VRXGRERX VYčWRYRX JUDÀFNRX WYRUERX LVODQGVNp VHWNiQt PL XPRæQLOR QDYi]DW WDNp SĝiWHOVWYt V NROHJ\ ] RERUX 7DGHXV] 1XFNRZVNL D ,VDEHOD *XVWRZVND ] 3ROVND :DOWHU -XOH D /\QGDO 2VERUQH ] .DQDG\ 0LFKDHO .XQHUW ] 1'5 DG ´

9 NYčWQX MH MHGQtP ] RUJDQL]iWRUĥ 0H]LQiURGQtKR V\PSy]LD YëWYDUQëFK äNRO Y UiPFL SURJUDPX 7(0386 Y EHOJLFNpP 1DPXUX 1D SURJUDPX VH Wpæ SRGtOHO MDNR SHGDJRJ D SĝHNODGDWHO 3URMHNW WUYDO WĝL URN\ D ]DKUQRYDO MHäWč WYĥUÿt SRE\W\ Y 0RUDYDQHFK X 3LHäģDQ Y 2ORPRXFL D Y 'XQNHUTXH 3ĝiWHOVWYt V ZDORQVNëP JUDÀNHP &ODXGHP 6LQWHP

2G URNX MH MPHQRYiQ RGERUQëP DVLVWHQWHP QD .DWHGĝH YëWYDUQp YëFKRY\ 3HGDJRJLFNp IDNXOW\ 8QLYHU]LW\ 3DODFNpKR v Olomouci. ÓÿDVWQt VH DNWLYLW EUQčQVNpKR 77 NOXEX XPčOFĥ D WHRUHWLNĥ.

1993 +DELOLWRYDO VH QD 9\VRNp äNROH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y %UDWLVODYč Y RERUX JUDÀND 5RNX E\O MPHQRYiQ GRFHQWHP

1998 – 2002 -H YHGRXFtP NDELQHWX JUDÀN\ QD )DNXOWč YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt 9\VRNpKR XÿHQt WHFKQLFNpKR Y %UQč

1994 1D SR]YiQt &DQDGD &RXQFLOX RGOpWi QD PčVtÿQt WYĥUÿt SRE\W Y DWHOLpUX 6W 0LFKDHO·V 3ULQWVKRS Y 6W -RKQ·V QD 1HZIRXQGODQGX

2002 9H GQHFK ² VH ~ÿDVWQt 0H]LQiURGQtKR V\PSR]LD OLQRU\WX QD KUDGč .OHQRYi 9 VRXYLVORVWL VH V\PSR]LHP Y]QLNOD Y *DOHULL .ODWRY\ .OHQRYi QHMYčWät VSHFLDOL]RYDQi VEtUND ]DPčĝHQi QD WHFKQLNX OLQRU\WX

2006 ÓÿDVWQt VH WYĥUÿtKR SRE\WX Y $QJHO·V *DWH &XOWXUDO &HQWHU v San 3HGUX Y .DOLIRUQLL

1988

2009

Å1D SRG]LP MVHP QD SR]YiQt /\QGDO 2VERUQRYp ]RUJDQL]RYDO YëVWDYX ÿHVNRVORYHQVNp JUDÀN\ Y XQLYHU]LWQt JDOHULL Y (GPRQWRQX 1HE\OR WčæNp EëW S\äQë QD ~URYHė QDät WHKG\ MHäWč ÿHVNRVORYHQVNp JUDÀN\ NG\æ R QL E\O WDNRYë ]iMHP 6 RGVWXSHP ÿDVX YäDN YLGtP æH MHäWč Yë]QDPQčMät SUR Pč E\OR VHWNiQt VH VWXGHQW\ VHNFH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 3ULQWPDNLQJ Pp SUYQt VHWNiQt WRKRWR GUXKX YĥEHF

=~ÿDVWQLO VH V\PSR]LD 3ULQWPDNLQJ RQ WKH (GJH. 3ULQWPDNLQJ DQG LWV %RUGHUOLQH $UHDV LQ WKH VW &HQWXU\ QD 8QLYHU]LWč XPčQt Y %čOHKUDGč 9\VWRXSLO QD QčP V SĝHGQiäNRX R ÿHVNpP JUDÀFNpP XPčQt XYHGHQRX ~YDKRX R SĝtWRPQRVWL D EXGRXFQRVWL JUDÀN\ 97

=iNODGQt æLYRWRSLVQp ~GDMH VRXSLV YëVWDY D ELEOLRJUDÀH

2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 1DUR]HQ Y %UQč 2G URNX æLMH D SĥVREt Y 2ORPRXFL *UDÀN NUHVOtĝ DXWRU REMHNWĥ JUDÀFNë GHVLJQpU D DXWRU UHDOL]DFt GR DUFKLWHNWXU\ Y\VRNRäNROVNë XÿLWHO DXWRU RGERUQëFK VWDWt SRURWFH

6WXGLD 1962–1965 6WĝHGQt YäHREHFQč Y]GčOiYDFt äNROD Y /LWRYOL 1965–1970 )LOR]RÀFNi IDNXOWD 8QLYHU]LW\ 3DODFNpKR Y 2ORPRXFL RERU\ ÿHVNë MD]\N ² YëWYDUQi WHRULH D YëFKRYD =GHQčN .XGčOND (GXDUG 2YÿiÿHN 0LURVODY ãWROID 9iFODY =\NPXQG DG 6WXGLXP XNRQÿLO VWiWQtPL ]NRXäNDPL ] RERX RERUĥ D GLSORPRYRX SUDFt ] JUDÀN\ V Qi]YHP +U\ ² FHVW\. 9 URFH VH KDELOLWRYDO QD 9\VRNp äNROH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y %UDWLVODYč Y RERUX JUDÀND

=DPčVWQiQt 1970–1971 YHGRXFt SURSDJDFH Y SRGQLNX )ORUD Olomouc 1971–1973 ]iNODGQt YRMHQVNi VOXæED QHMSUYH Y $UPiGQtP VRXERUX 9tWD 1HMHGOpKR Y 3UD]H MDNR YëWYDUQtN SURSDJDÿQtKR RGGčOHQt RG ]LP\ Y $UPiGQtP ÀOPX QD %DUUDQGRYč YëWYDUQtN UHæLVpU

*DOHULH PRGHUQtKR XPčQt Y +UDGFL .UiORYp +UDGHF .UiORYp &= *DOHULH .ODWRY\ .OHQRYi .ODWRY\ &= *DOHULH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y 2VWUDYč 2VWUDYD &= 0X]HXP XPčQt 2ORPRXF 2ORPRXF &= 6OH]VNp ]HPVNp PX]HXP Y 2SDYč &= 6ORYHQVNi QiURGQi JDOpULD Y %UDWLVODYH %UDWLVODYD 6. ãWiWQD JDOpULD Y %DQVNHM %\VWULFL %DQVNi %\VWULFD 6. 0X]HXP 1DURGRZH 3R]QDĕ 3/ 0X]HXP 1DURGRZH .UDNyZ 3/ 0X]HXP 1DURGRZH :URFâDZ 3/ 0X]HXP 1DURGRZH áyG] 3/ 0X]HXP 1DURGRZH 6]F]HFLQ 3/ 0X]HXP 2NUċJRYH -HOHQLD *yUD 3/ 0XVHXP RI 0RGHUQ $UW 6NRSMH 0. )XQGDFLy -RDQ 0LUy %DUFHORQD ( .XSIHUVWLFK .DELQHWW GHU 6WDDWOLFKHQ .XQVWVDPPOXQJHQ 'UHVGHQ ' 6WlGWLVFKH *DOHULH %LHWLJKHLP %LVVLJHQ ' &HQWUH GH OD JUDYXUH HW GH O·LPDJH LPSULPpH /D /RXYLqUH %

1975–1979 YëWYDUQë UHGDNWRU SURSDJDÿQtKR RGGčOHQt )ORU\ 2ORPRXF

8QLYHUVLW\ RI $OEHUWD &ROOHFWLRQV (GPRQWRQ &'1

1979–1990 VYRERGQp SRYROiQt

,VWDQEXO 0XVHXP RI *UDSKLF $UWV ([KLELWLRQV ,VWDPEXO 75

od 1990 RGERUQë DVLVWHQW D RG URNX GRFHQW SUR RERU JUDÀND QD NDWHGĝH YëWYDUQp YëFKRY\ 3HGDJRJLFNp IDNXOW\ 8QLYHU]LW\ 3DODFNpKR Y 2ORPRXFL 1998–2002 YHGRXFt .DELQHWX JUDÀN\ QD )DNXOWč YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt 9\VRNpKR XÿHQt WHFKQLFNpKR Y %UQč

þOHQVWYt YH YëWYDUQëFK VSROFtFK D VNXSLQiFK 1979–1991 HYLGRYiQ X þHVNpKR IRQGX YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt

$FKHQEDFK )RXQGDWLRQ 6DQ )UDQFLVFR 86$

1DWLRQDO *DOOHU\ RI $UW :DVKLQJWRQ '& 86$

=DVWRXSHQt Y VRXNURPëFK VEtUNiFK þHVNi UHSXEOLND 6ORYHQVNi UHSXEOLND 3ROVNR %HOJLH /XFHPEXUVNR ,VODQG .DQDGD 6SRMHQp VWiW\ DPHULFNp -DSRQVNR

&HQ\

;, 0HG]LQiURGQp ELHQiOH GĝHYRĝH] ² GĝHYRU\W %DQVNi %\VWULFD 6. ² +ODYQt FHQD ]D VRXERU JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ 1996 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² &HQD ÿDVRSLVX *UDSKHLRQ Y NDWHJRULL $ ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW 5DQQt QHMLVWRWD %LHQiOH ÿHVNp JUDÀN\ ² 2VWUDYD 2VWUDYD &= ² FHQD ]D NROHNFL JUDÀFNëFK OLVWĥ 1997 ,; .RQNXUV *UDÀF]Q\ LP -y]HID *LHOQLDND -HOHQLD *yUD 3/ ² +RQRURYDQp X]QiQt 1998 /LQROVFKQLWW KHXWH ,9 %LHWLJKHLP %LVVLJHQ ' ² 1iNXSQt FHQD SRURW\ 2000 ; .RQNXUV *UDÀF]Q\ LP -y]HID *LHOQLDND -HOHQLD *yUD 3/ ² &HQD D SDPčWQt PHGDLOH ]D VRXERU EDUHYQëFK OLQRU\Wĥ 6SUDYHGOLYp GčOHQt 2001 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² &HQD þHVNëFK DHUROLQLt D V ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW ÓWRÿLäWč 2003 H %LHQQDOH LQWHUQDWLRQDOH GH *UDYXUH GH /LqJH /LqJH % ² =YOiäWQt X]QiQt 2004 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² þHVWQp X]QiQt Y NDWHJRULL OLQR ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW +RUQt D VSRGQt RGSRÿtYDGOR 2005 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² þHVWQp X]QiQt Y NDWHJRULL OLQR ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW 2GSRÿLQHN ,;. 2007 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² þHVWQp X]QiQt Y NDWHJRULL OLQR ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW 1HQDGiOi YOQD 2008 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² &HQD ÀUP\ 0HWURVWDY D V Y NDWHJRULL WHFKQLND WLVNX ] YëäN\ ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW 1RYp GRP\ 9,, 2011 &HORVWiWQt VRXWčæ *UDÀND URNX 3UDKD &= ² þHVWQp X]QiQt Y NDWHJRULL WHFKQLND WLVNX ] KORXEN\ ]D JUDÀFNë OLVW 1RYp GRP\

od 1990 6GUXæHQt ÿHVNëFK XPčOFĥ JUDÀNĥ +ROODU

1984 XIII 3UHPL LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLEXL[ -RDQ 0LUy )XQGDFLy -RDQ 0LUy &HQWUH G·(VWXGLV G·$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD ( ² 3UYQt FHQD D VWĝtEUQi SODNHWD

od 1988 &DOLIRUQLD 6RFLHW\ RI 3ULQWPDNHUV 6DQ )UDQFLVFR

0LċG]\QDURGRZH %LHQQDOH *UDÀNL .UDNyZ .UDNyZ 3/ ² þHVWQi PHGDLOH

9ëVWDY\

1986 0LċG]\QDURGRZH %LHQQDOH *UDÀNL .UDNyZ .UDNyZ 3/ ² þHVWQp X]QiQt

6DPRVWDWQp YëVWDY\

1989 NDQGLGiW 6YD]X ÿHVNëFK YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ 1989–1990 6YD] ÿHVNëFK YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ

1990–1992 8QLH YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ 2ORPRXFND od 1990 77 NOXE YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ D WHRUHWLNĥ %UQR od 1990 9ëWYDUQi VSROHÿQRVW .UXK SĝL *DOHULL + .RVWHOHF QDG þHUQëPL OHV\ od 1991 6SROHN RORPRXFNëFK YëWYDUQtNĥ

=DVWRXSHQt YH YHĝHMQëFK VEtUNiFK 1iURGQt JDOHULH Y 3UD]H 3UDKD &= 8QLYHU]LWD .DUORYD 3UDKD &=

$OäRYD MLKRÿHVNi JDOHULH Y +OXERNp QDG 9OWDYRX +OXERNi QDG 9OWDYRX &=

2EODVWQt JDOHULH Y /LEHUFL /LEHUHF &=

1987 , %LHQDO ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH *UDYXUDV &DPSLQDV %5 ² &HQD 1988 0LċG]\QDURGRZH %LHQQDOH *UDÀNL .UDNyZ .UDNyZ 3/ ² &HQD NDWRYLFNpKR YRMYRGVWYt 1990 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3ULQW ([KLELWLRQ ,QWHUSULQW · /YLY /YRY 8$ ² þHVWQi PHGDLOH

1967 [2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN D -Lĝt åOHEHN@ 8QLYHU]LWQt NOXE 2ORPRXF &= 1970 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND -Lĝt åOHEHN 6RFK\ *DOHULH PODGëFK %UQR &= ÓYRGQt VORYR $OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi 1972 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND 0DOi JDOHULH þHVNRVORYHQVNpKR VSLVRYDWHOH 3UDKD &= ÓYRGQt VORYR )UDQWLäHN 'YRĝiN D -DQ .DQ\]D

1975–1976 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND. *DOHULH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y 2ORPRXFL ² .DELQHW JUDÀN\ 2ORPRXF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR $OHQD 1iGYRUQtNRYi 1980 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND NUHVE\ -Lĝt åOHEHN 3ODVWLN\ *DOHULH PODGëFK SĝL 0čVWVNpP NXOWXUQtP VWĝHGLVNX 6 . 1HXPDQQD %UQR &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -Lĝt .RURSWYLÿND D -Lĝt 9DORFK 1981 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND NUHVE\ -Lĝt åOHEHN 3ODVWLN\ ÓVWDY PDNURPROHNXOiUQt FKHPLH þHVNRVORYHQVNp DNDGHPLH YčG 3UDKD &= ÓYRGQt VORYR ,YR -DQRXäHN ĝtMHQ ² OLVWRSDG 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND D NUHVE\ -Lĝt åOHEHN. 3ODVWLN\ 'ĥP NXOWXU\ Y 2UORYp 2UORYi &= ÓYRGQt VORYR ,YR -DQRXäHN 1984 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND 'LYDGOR KXGE\ 2NUHVQtKR NXOWXUQt VWĝHGLVND 2ORPRXF 2ORPRXF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -Lĝt 9DORFK 1985 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND )R\HU 'LYDGOD Y þHVNpP 7čätQč þHVNë 7čätQ &= ÓYRGQt VORYR 3DYHO =DWORXNDO 1987 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND -Lĝt åOHEHN 6RFK\. $WULXP 2EYRGQt NRQFHUWQt D YëVWDYQt Vtė 2EYRGQtKR NXOWXUQtKR GRPX 3UDKD &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -DQ .ĝtæ 1988 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND 9ëVWDYQt Vtė 2NUHVQtKR NXOWXUQtKR VWĝHGLVND 7ĝHEtÿ 7ĝHEtÿ &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -DQ 'RÿHNDO ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND. Galeria ON, 3R]QDĕ 3/ ÓYRGQt VORYR ,]DEHOD *XVWRZVND 1991 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND .OXE .UXKX SULDWHđRY ÿHVNHM NXOW~U\ %UDWLVODYD 6. ÓYRGQt VORYR (YD Trojanová. ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND *DOHULH 'pWRXU -DPEHV % ÓYRGQt VORYR &ODXGH 6LQWH 1991–1992 ² >DVL ~QRU @ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND NUHVE\ 5DGRVODY .UDWLQD 2EMHNW\. Galerie 2VYčWRYp EHVHG\ -LĝtNRY 6RYLQHF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -LQGĝLFK ãWUHLW 1992 ² 2QGUHM 0LFKDOHN *UDYXUHV /·$VVRFLDWLRQ )UDQFH 7FKpFRVORYDTXLH 3DULV ) 1992–1993 ² ;,, 0HG]LQiURGQp ELHQiOH GUHYRUH]X D GUHYRU\WX 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN ² 1RVLWHđ *UDQG 3UL[ ãWiWQD JDOpULD Y %DQVNp %\VWULFL %DQVNi %\VWULFD 6. ÓYRGQt VORYR =X]DQD %DUWNRYi 1995 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND *DOHULH PčVWD =iEĝHKD ² 7XQNOĥY GYRUHF =iEĝHK &= 1996 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN *UDÀND 3DĕVWZRZD *DOHULD 6]WXNL :VSyâF]HVQHM Z 3U]HP\ğOX 3U]HP\ğO 3/ ÓYRGQt VORYR 7DGHXV] 1XFNRZVNL

² &ODXGH 6LQWH DQG 2QGUHM 0LFKDOHN ([KLELWLRQ. Å2´ *DOOHU\ 83 6 7RNLR - ÓYRGQt VORYR +LURDNL 0L\D\DPD

YODVWLYčGQpKR PX]HD Y 1RYpP -LÿtQč 1RYë -LÿtQ &= >5HSUt]\ YëVWDY\ Y .DWRZLFtFK 3/ 2VWUDYč D 3ĝHURYč &=@

1998 NYčWHQ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN &ODXGH 6LQWH. (OLSV\ ² (OOLSVHV. %UDXQĥY GĥP 3UDKD &=

1980 GXEHQ ² NYčWHQ PODGëFK YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ 2ORPRXFND 2NUHVQt YODVWLYčGQp PX]HXP Y ãXPSHUNX ãXPSHUN &=

² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 0čVWVNp PX]HXP D JDOHULH Y +UDQLFtFK ² 9ëVWDYQt Vtė 6\QDJRJD +UDQLFH QD 0RUDYč &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -DQ ãPROND 1999 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 1DOH]HQFL. Galerie &DHVDU 2ORPRXF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -DQ .ĝtæ 2000 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 7LäWčQp REUD]\. Galerie 0DJQD 2VWUDYD &= ÓYRGQt VORYR 2OJD %DGDOtNRYi 2002 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN /SčQt =iPHFNi JDOHULH 1iPčäģ QD +DQp &= ÓYRGQt VORYR 2OJD %DGDOtNRYi 2003–2004 ² 2QGUHM 0LFKDOHN 0DVTXHV SHUGXV HW UHWURXYpV (VWDPSHV *DOHULH G·$UW HW OHV )R\HUV GX 7KpkWUH G·(VFK (VFK VXU $O]HWWH / 2004 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 7LVN\ ² SĝtEčK\ 2EODVWQt JDOHULH Y /LEHUFL /LEHUHF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR $QQD 6WUQDGRYi 2005 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN. (VWDPSHV ² +LVWRULHV. *DOHULH GH :pJLPRQW 6RXPDJQH % NYčWHQ ² ÿHUYHQ 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN. ¬SR]RUXMt QiV. 1DLYQt GLYDGOR /LEHUHF &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -DQ 0čĝLÿND 2006 ĝtMHQ ² OLVWRSDG 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 7LVN\ ² SĝtEčK\. 'LYDGOR Y 'čÿtQč 'čÿtQ &=

ÓÿDVW QD VSROHÿQëFK D DXNÿQtFK YëVWDYiFK ]DVWRXSHQt YH VWiOëFK H[SR]LFtFK 1970 ² 9ëVWDYD SUDFt VWXGHQWĥ NDWHGU\ YëWYDUQp WHRULH D YëFKRY\ )LOR]RÀFNi IDNXOWD 8QLYHUVLW\ 3DODFNpKR Y 2ORPRXFL .ĝtæNRYVNpKR 2ORPRXF &= ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN -DQ =HPiQHN -Lĝt åOHEHN. *UDÀN\ REUD]\ D VRFK\ 'LYDGOR KXGE\ 2NUHVQtKR NXOWXUQtKR VWĝHGLVND Y 2ORPRXFL 2ORPRXF &= ]iĝt +RVWp +ROODUD *DOHULH +ROODU 3UDKD &= 1972 0RVWUD GL SLWWRUL QDwIV H JUDÀFL &HFRVORYDFFKL %XVWR $UVL]LR , 1977 ² .RQIURQWDFH · 2EUD]\ ² JUDÀND ² VRFK\ PODGëFK RORPRXFNëFK YëWYDUQtNĥ >-Lĝt +DVWtN -Lĝt /LQGRYVNë 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 9iFODY 6WUDWLO 2OGĝLFK ãHPEHUD -Lĝt åOHEHN@ 3V\FKLDWULFNi OpÿHEQD Y .URPčĝtæL ² RGGčOHQt $ .URPčĝtæ &= ~QRU 9ëVWDYD PODGëFK YëWYDUQtNĥ 6HYHURPRUDYVNpKR NUDMH *DOHULH YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt Y 2VWUDYč ² 'ĥP XPčQt 2VWUDYD &=

² 2QGUHM 0LFKDOHN *UDYXUHV *DOHULH 6DLQW 1LFRODV 5HPLFK /

1978 ² 2ORPXFLDQD · -Lĝt +DVWtN 3DYHO +HU\QHN 3DYHO .U\äWRI -Lĝt /LQGRYVNë 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN -Lĝt åOHEHN 'LYDGOR KXGE\ 2NUHVQtKR NXOWXUQtKR VWĝHGLVND Y 2ORPRXFL 2ORPRXF &=

1997 ² 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN %tOp QD ÿHUQpP. Galerie ãWHUQEHUN ãWHUQEHUN &= ÓYRGQt VORYR -LQGĝLFK ãWUHLW

1979 ² ,,, 9ëVWDYD PODGëFK YëWYDUQtNĥ 6HYHURPRUDYVNpKR NUDMH 9ëVWDYQt Vtė 2NUHVQtKR

GXEHQ ² NYčWHQ 9ëWYDUQt XPčOFL 6HYHURPRUDYVNpKR NUDMH N YëURÿt RVYRER]HQt þHVNRVORYHQVND 6RYčWVNRX DUPiGRX .UDMVNp YODVWLYčGQp PX]HXP Y 2ORPRXFL 2ORPRXF &= ÿHUYHQ 9ëWYDUQt XPčOFL 6HYHURPRUDYVNpKR NUDMH N YëURÿt RVYRER]HQt þHVNRVORYHQVND 6RYčWVNRX DUPiGRX. *DOHULH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y 2VWUDYč 2VWUDYD &= ² PODGëFK YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ 2ORPRXFND. .UDMVNp YODVWLYčGQp PX]HXP Y 2ORPRXFL ² 2EODVWQt JDOHULH YëWYDUQpKR XPčQt Y 2ORPRXFL 2ORPRXF &= 1983 ² þORYčN D VYčW 0ODGi ÀJXUiOQt WYRUED. 2EODVWQt JDOHULH Y /LEHUFL /LEHUHF &= ² ;;,, SUHPL LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLEXL[ -RDQ 0LUy &HQWUH G·(VWXGLV G·$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD ( 1984 ÿHUYHQ ² VUSHQ 9ëVWDYD ] WYRUE\ YëWYDUQëFK XPčOFĥ 6HYHURPRUDYVNpKR NUDMH HYLGRYDQëFK X þHVNpKR IRQGX YëWYDUQëFK XPčQt 2NUHVQt YODVWLYčGQp PX]HXP Y 1RYpP -LÿtQč 1RYë -LÿtQ &= ² ;;,,, SUHPL LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLEXL[ -RDQ 0LUy &HQWUH G·(VWXGLV G·$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD ( ² þW\ĝYHUät *DOHULH + .RVWHOHF QDG þHUQëPL OHV\ &= 0LċG]\QDURGRZD :\VWDZD *UDÀNL ,QWHUJUDÀD · . Biuro :\VWDZ $UW\VW\F]Q\FK Z .DWRZLFDFK .DWRZLFH 3/ 0LċG]\QDURGRZH %LHQQDOH *UDÀNL %LXUR :\VWDZ $UW\VW\F]Q\FK Z .UDNRZLH .UDNyZ 3/ 1983²1984 ² 0RUDYVNi JUDÀND 'ĥP XPčQt PčVWD %UQD %UQD &= 1985 ² 9HOLNRQRFH *DOHULH + .RVWHOHF QDG þHUQëPL OHV\ &= >ÿHUYHQHF²]iĝt@ ;;9 3UHPL LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH 'LEXL[ -RDQ 0LUy &HQWUH G·(VWXGLV G·$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD ( ² -Lĝt +DVWtN 3DYHO +HU\QHN -Lĝt /LQGRYVNë 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 2OGĝLFK ãHPEHUD -Lĝt åOHEHN YëVWDYD Y 'LYDGOH KXGE\ 2NUHVQtKR NXOWXUQtKR VWĝHGLVND Y 2ORPRXFL 'LYDGOR KXGE\ 2.6 Y 2ORPRXFL 2ORPRXF &= ² 7KH WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,QGHSHQGHQW ([KLELWLRQ RI 3ULQWV LQ .DQDJDZD · .DQDJDZD 3UHIHFWXUDO *DOOHU\ .DQDJDZD - 1986 ² 7KH +DQJD $QQXDO · 7KH WK ([KLELWLRQ RI WKH -DSDQ 3ULQW $VVRFLDWLRQ 0HWURSROLWDQ 0XVHXP RI )LQH $UW 7RN\R - ² .UXK *DOHULH + *DOHULH + .RVWHOHF QDG þHUQëPL OHV\ ² *DOOHU\ + &LUFOH &]HFKRVORYDNLD &RQWHPSRUDU\ $UW $UW 6SDFH *DOOHU\ 1LVKLQRPL\D - ² $ *DOHULH + .RVWHOHF QDG þHUQëPL OHV\ &= ² " [þW\ĝL RORPRXÿWt YëWYDUQtFL -Lĝt /LQGRYVNë 2QGĝHM 0LFKiOHN 2OGĝLFK ãHPEHUD -Lĝt åOHEHN]. 9HVWLEXO ÓVWDYX DSOLNRYDQHM N\EHUQHWLN\ 6ORYHQVNHM DNDGpPLH YLHG %UDWLVODYD 6.