didi qarTvelebi

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II

mixeil wereTeli

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II im adamianTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, vinc Cveni qveynis istoriaSi waruSleli kvali datova Tavisi sasuliero, sazogadoebriv-politikuri da samecniero moRvaweobiT. igi XIX-XX saukunis mijnis sxva did qarTvelebTan erTad emsaxura Tavis ers da revoluciebis qar-cecxlSi gaxveuli ruseTis imperiis uRelqveS myof saqarTvelos erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisTvis myari sayrdeni moumzada. misi cxovreba aRbeWdilia piradi tragediebiT, saxelmwifos mxridan politikuri devna-SeviwroebiT, faruli Tu aSkara mtrobiT da didi siyvaruliT. siyvaruliT moyvasisa da samSoblos mimarT, romelsac grZnobdnen da afasebdnen misi Tanamedroveebi – mowinaaRmdegenic da keTilmosurnenic. Tumca vidre momavalSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis pirveli kaTolikos-patriarqi farTo sarbielze gamovidoda, XIX saukunis dasawyisidan, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi movlenebi dramatulad ganviTarda.

XIX saukunis damdegs daiwyo ruseTis eqspansia samxreT kavkasiaSi – jer qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gaauqmes, Semdeg imereTis samefo daipyres. saqarTvelos teritoria, guberniebis statusiT, ruseTis imperiis provinciad iqca, sadac imperatoris politikas kavkasiis mTavarmarTebeli atarebda. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis mizanmimarTuli moSla imaSic gamoixata, rom

qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba

1810 wels imperiulma mmarTvelobam saqarTvelodan gaiwvia kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II da 1811 wels gaauqma saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalia. qarTulma eklesiam dakarga instituciuri damoukidebloba da ruseTis sinodis saegzarqosod gadakeTda. ruseTis eklesiis sinodi, Tavis mxriv, imperatoris warmomadgenels, saero pirs, eqvemdebareboda, romelic imperiul politikur dRis wesrigs atarebda. imperia mis marTlmadidebel eklesias iyenebda, rogorc marTvis saSualebas, erTgvar instruments xalxis dasamorCileblad. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba niSnavda, rom sakaTalikosos kuTvnili qoneba ruseTis sinodis xelSi gadavida, ramac Zalian daazarala qarTuli eklesia da misi msaxurebi. egzarqosebi aviwroebdnen maT, wirva-locva rusulad tardeboda, qarTul taZrebs rusuli eklesiebis yaidaze cvlidnen – unikaluri kedlis mxatvroba iRebeboda, TeTrdeboda, xdeboda arqiteqturuli elementebis Canacvleba, nadgurdeboda eklesiebSi daculi Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebi, ruseTSi gahqondaT saqarTvelos eklesiis qoneba. rusi egzarqosebi iyvnen saqarTveloSi rusifikaciis politikis erT-erTi mTavari gamtareblebi. movlenebis amgvarma ganviTarebam qarTul sazogadoebaSi saprotesto muxti gaaCina. XIX saukunis pirvel or aTwleulSi dampyrobluri politikis winaaRmdeg ramdenjerme moewyo saprotesto aqcia Tu ajanyeba. erT-erTi yvelaze didi winaaRmdegobis moZraoba – 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba, romlis mizanic qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena iyo, ruseTSi gadasaxlebul qarTvel batoniSvilTa da saswavleblad wasuli axalgazrdebis wreSi Caisaxa. is daaxloebiT Svidi weli mzaddeboda, magram wina mcdelobebis msgavsad, warumateblad dasrul-

da.

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba gansxvavebuli formiT gagrZelda. sazogadoebriv asparezze gamoCndnen didi qarTveli moRvaweebi – ilia WavWavaZe da misi Tanamoazreebi. ruseTis imperiis winaaRmdeg maTi mTavari iaraRi xalxis ganaTleba da codnis gavrceleba iyo. maT wamoiwyes aqtiuri literaturul-publicisturi saqmianoba, daaarses Jurnal-gazeTebi, wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba, saTavadaznauro, saadgilmamulo bankebi da sxv. maT moicves saqarTvelos yvela kuTxe, moaxerxes erovnuli TviTSegnebis amaRleba, sazogadoebis gaerTianeba. am suliskveTebiT izrdebod-

kirion II

patriarqi anton II (1764-1827)

didi qarTvelebi

nen da yalibdebodnen axalgazrdebi, romlebmac SemdgomSi didi wvlili Seitanes qarTuli enisa da kulturis SenarCunebasa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenaSi. swored aseT moRvaweTa Soris iyo giorgi saZagliSvili – saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II. giorgi saZagliSvili daibada 1855 wels goris mazris sofel niqozSi. misi deda, salome daviTis asuli gorgasaniZe, ganaTlebuli da saTno adamiani iyo, romelmac Svils pataraobaSive Caunerga keTilSobileba. „igi iyo wyaro Cemi sulieri sasoebisa, masSi iyo siyvaruli Cemi... pirveli Tesli RvTismoSiSebisa daTesa CemSi dedam“ , – ase ixsenebs mRvdelTmTavari dedas. giorgi mxolod oTxi wlis iyo, rodesac deda gardaecvala – meore bavSvze mSobiarobas gadahyva. mamas, ieronime saZagliSvils, daawva tvirTi, aRezarda ori mcirewlovani Svili. ieronime mRvdeli iyo da mTiuleTSi msaxurobda. sxvadasxva periodSi muSaobda mleTaSi, ananurSi, CargalSi, aqtiurad eweoda saganmanaTleblo da misionerul saqmianobas. man bevri iRvawa mTis mosaxleobaSi qristianuli moZRvrebis gasavrceleblad. mamis Sesaxeb mogonebaSi vkiTxulobT:

ilia WavWavaZe saadgilmamulo bankis SenobasTan

„poeturi niWiT momadlebuli, Rrmad ganmsWvaluli pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT, gamrje, cocxali xasiaTis adamiani... me Tu mivaRwie warmatebas mecnierebaSi... Tuki ram arsebobs CemSi Zvirfasi, qristianuli, yovelive amiT me davalebuli var mamaCemisagan, Cemi bunebrivi niWis ganviTarebis uzarmazari keTilismyofeli gavlenisaTvis“ .

ananuris taZris moZRvrad msaxurebisas ieronimem daaarsa samrevlo skola. patara giorgic am skolaSi dadioda da dawyebiTi ganaTleba aq miiRo. 1862 wlidan giorgi swavlas goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi agrZelebs. is did interess iCens swavlisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT. 1869 wels giorgi Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi Cairicxa. am periodis Tbilisi iyo kavkasiis politikuri cxovrebisa da kulturis centri, sadac socialuri cxovreba dinamikurad midioda. regionSi ruseTi iyo gabatonebuli da kargad dagegmil imperiul politikas axorcielebda – sxvadasxva xerxiT cdilobda rusuli gavlenis gaZlierebas politikasa da kulturaSi. imperiuli wnexis sawinaaRmde-

axalgazrda giorgi saZagliSvili

ieronime saZagliSvili da giorgi

god sazogadoebriv asparezze aqtiurobdnen Tergdaleulebi. isini Tavisi SemoqmedebiT cdilobdnen xalxSi gaeRviZebinaT erovnuli cnobiereba,zrunavdnen qarTul memkvidreobaze, agrovebdnen da swavlobdnen mas. amasTanave, isini sazrdoobdnen im epoqis evropel moazrovneTa ideebiTac. Tavisufleba da TviTmyofadoba maTi mTavari faseuloba iyo. presaSi, sajaro Tu kerZo Sekrebebze mimdinare msjelobebisa da literaturuli movlenebis kvaldakval yalibdeboda axali qarTuli cnobiereba, iqmneboda axali qarTuli realoba. giorgi swored am procesis monawile iyo. 1876 wels, Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg, giorgim, saxelmwifos mxardaWeriT, kievis sasuliero akademiaSi ganagrZo swavla. RvTismetyvelebasTan erTad man Seiswavla geografia, arqeologia, msoflios istoria, 1880 wels ki daasrula sadisertacio naSromi da mieniWa RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxi. kievidan giorgi samuSaod odesis sasuliero seminariaSi gadavida. 1883 wels giorgi brundeba samSobloSi da pedagogiur saqmianobas iwyebs jer Telavis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, Semdeg – go-

kirion II

ris, quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblebSi, agreTve Tbilisis qalTa saeparqio saswavlebelSi. igi aswavlida qarTul da rusul enebs, geografias, istoriasa da saRmrTo istorias. 1896 wels dainiSna saqarTvelos monastrebis saqmeebis gamgeblad da kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmdgeneli sazogadoebis skolebis inspeqtorad. am Tanamdebobaze muSaobis periodSi misi ZalisxmeviT qarTlis mTianeTSi daarsda 19 samrevlo skola. misi mecadineobiT TianeTSi, vanaTsa da awerisxevSi aSenda skolebi, biblioTekebi da wignTsacavebi.

kirion II iyo didi qvelmoqmedi. misi xelSewyobiT ramdenime aTeul axalgazrdas mieca SesaZlebloba ganaTleba mieRo ruseTisa da sazRvargareTis saswavleblebSi. kirions madlierebiT swerda 1907 wlis 20 ivniss mRvdeli ioseb CijavaZe: „didi saqmea Cveni samSoblosaTvis, rom 12-15 kacs uzrdi, ganaTlebas aZlev, egre rom emsaxuraT 3-4 kacs CvenSi, axla saqarTvelo bevrad ganaTlebuli da win wasuli iqneboda “ . kirionis bevri stipendianti SemdgomSi gaxda cnobili saeklesio moRvawe da mecnieri. maT Soris iyo korneli kekeliZe, romelmac madlierebis niSnad Tavisi pirveli Sroma kirions miuZRvna.

Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria

didi qarTvelebi

pedagogiur saqmianobasTan erTad giorgi aqtiur samecniero da publicistur saqmianobasac eweva. Zalian farToa misi interesis sfero. is aqveynebs narkvevebs da werilebs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaze, qarTul literaturaze, xalxur zepirsityvierebasa da tradiciul wes-Cveulebebze. man aRwera da gamosca liaxvis xeobis istoriuli Zeglebi da sxv. gorSi muSaobis periodSi giorgi daojaxda. colad SeirTo aneta TabuniSvili, romelsac damTavrebuli hqonda goris qalTa gimnazia. maT SeeZinaT vaJi – iorami. 1896 wels ojaxs didi ubedureba daatyda. imJamad gavrcelebulma Savi Wiris epidemiam imsxverpla giorgis col-Svili. „moulodnelma dartymam pirqve daamxo Cemi ojaxuri cxovreba, davkarge Ze, xolo Semdeg – colic. ganvicade ra saojaxo cxovrebaSi udidesi marcxi, me miviRe ber-monazvnoba “ , – ase aRwers cxovrebis am umZimes epizods kirion II. 41 wlis asakSi gadatanili tragediis Semdeg giorgi saZagliSvili berad aRikveca, ewoda kirioni da qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvari gaxda. monasterSi moRvaweobis periodSi mas ar Seuwyvetia mecnieruli saqmianoba, qarTlis soflebSi intensiurad ganagrZobda xalxuri wes-Cveulebebisa da eklesia-monastrebis siZveleTa Seswavlas. qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvrobis periodSi qvaTaxevidan Camoitana da Tbilisis saeklesio muzeums Caabara 96 xelnaweri, maT Soris, XI saukunis saxareba, agreTve XV saukuneSi gadawerili daviTni da sxv.

1898 wlis 22 agvistos saqarTvelos saegzarqosos sasaxleSi kirioni alaverdis episkoposad akurTxes. episkoposad xelTdasxmis RonisZiebas bevri xalxi daeswro. kirionma STambeWdavi sityva warmoTqva:

„me sruliadac ar warmovidgendi am Tvrameti wlis winaT, roca kursi Sevasrule kievis sasuliero akademiaSi, Tu CemTvis aseTi bednieri da didmniSvnelovani dRe dadgeboda bevr gegmas vawyobdi Cemis momavlis moRvaweobisas, bevrs adgils virCevdi samsaxurisas, magram uflis gangebulebam dRes naCveneb gzazed damayena: sxvebsaviT mec vfiqrobdi momepovebina myudroeba da bedniereba ojaxurs cxovrebaSi, magram bedma aqac mimuxTla. da amis gamo samsaxuri eklesiis mimarT monazvnis wodebaSi CemTvis aucilebel-auSorebeli Seiqmna. swored oci Tvis winaT amave adgils, sadac axla vdgevar, videqi monazonis ubralo tansacmelSi da vaZlevdi aRTqmas monazonuri cxovrebisas didi madlobeli var im Cemi moZRvrisa, romelmac am WeSmarit gzazed damayena. dRes umaRlesis brZanebiT unda vitvirTo mZime movaleobani mwyemsmTavrisa... alaverdis taZari iseTi siwmindea, romelsac did pativs scemen araTu mxolod marTlmadidebelni, aramed aramarTlmadidebelnic da TviT mTiani daRestanis mkvidrnic. ...vmadlob saRrmTo gangebas am xvedrisaTvis... iloceT CemTvis, raTa ...ufalman momces SeZleba, Zala da sibrZne misis eklesiis sasargeblod moRvaweobisa ~ .

kirion II-is literaturul-publicisturi da samecniero memkvidreoba qarTul da rusul enebze Sesrulebul 200-ze met naSroms moicavs. esaa sagazeTo statiebi, RirsSesaniSnav movlenebTan dakavSirebiT warmoTqmuli sityvebi, saRvTismetyvelo naSromebi, sxvadasxva qveynisa da konfesiis maRal sasuliero ierarqebTan urTierTobis amsaxveli epistoleebi, filologiuri, eTnografiuli da saistorio xasiaTis kvlevebi.

kirion II

ilia WavWavaZis redaqtorobiT gamomavali gazeTi `iveria~ didi sixaruliT gamoexmaura kirionis episkoposad kurTxevis faqts.

alaverdis episkoposobisas kirionma aRadgina mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi alaverdis sakaTedro taZari, Seiswavla kaxeTis eklesia-monastrebSi daculi siZveleebi, Seagrova da saqarTvelos saeklesio muzeums gadasca xelnaweri wignebi. maT Soris iyo 1089 wels gadawerili saxareba. am periodSi kirioni ilia WavWavaZesa da dimitri baqraZesTan erTad aqtiurad ibrZvis qarTuli qristianuli memkvidreobis dasacavad. saqarTvelos egzarqosma aleqsi I-ma daafasa kirionis alaverdis eparqiaSi moRvaweoba da 1901 wels igi wminda anas meore xarisxis ordeniT daajildova. amave wels kirioni goris episkoposad daadgines. igi mSobliur gorSic daucxromlad saqmianobs, soflebSi sakuTari xarjebiT aarsebs samrevlo skolebs da samkiTxveloebs.

dimitri baqraZe (1826-1890)

kirioni agrovebda xalxuri zepirsityvierebis nimuSebs. misi davalebiT Seiqmna specialuri komisia, romelSic Sediodnen grigol diasamiZe, grigol yifSiZe da daviT kariWaSvili. maT Caweres zepirsityvierebis nimuSebi. kirioni zrunavda zepirad Semonaxuli saeklesio sagaloblebis Cawerasa da notebze gadatanaze.

kirion II Zalisxmevasa da Tanxas ar iSurebda siZveleebis gadasarCenad, Sesagroveblad da Sesaswavlad. igi mTeli Segnebuli cxovreba agrovebda da yidulobda istoriuli Rirebulebis mqone nivTebsa Tu xelnawerebs. sxvadasxva dros man qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis muzeums, saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio muzeumsa da Tbilisis saeklesio muzeums Seswira mdidari koleqcia, romelTa Sorisac iyo „vefxistyaosnisa“ da „qarTlis cxovrebis“ ramdenime xelnaweri, arqeologiuri nivTebi, albomebi, suraTebi da didi numizmatikuri koleqcia (2700-ze meti moneta), xelnaweri da nabeWdi wignebis mdidari biblioTeka da sxv. am organizaciebs, saqmianobis mxardasaWerad, xSirad Tanxasac swirav-

da.

didi qarTvelebi

wminda anas ordeni

egzarqosi aleqsi I (1837-1914)

kirionis aqtiuri moRvaweoba, romelic qarTul saqmes emsaxureboda da mimarTuli iyo avtokefaliis aRdgenisaken, mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia imperiul reJims. mis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobaSi safrTxes xedavda saegzarqoso.1902 wels episkoposi kirioni gadaiyvanes ukrainaSi, kameneck-podolskis eparqiaSi. es imperiuli reJimis taqtikuri svla iyo. episkoposis devna-Seviwroeba saqarTvelodan garidebiT ar damTavrebula, mas zedized ucvlian eparqiebs. 1903 wels gadahyavT xersonSi, 1904 wels – oriolSi. kirioni yvelgan aqtiurad muSaobs, mas samSobloSi darCenil TanamoazreebTan mudmivad aqvs mimowera, is agrZelebs samecniero muSaobasac. 1906 wlidan ki igi soxumSi msaxurobs. kirionma iq mosaxle eTnikuri jgufebis pativiscema maleve daimsaxura. kirioni iTvaliswinebda sxvadasxva erovnebis mrevlis survils da maT uqmnida garemos, rom sakuTar enaze moesminaT RvTismsaxureba. man Camoayaliba komisia, romelic muSaobda saeklesio wignebis afxazurad Targmanze, raTa afxazebs afxazurad moesminaT wirva-locva. episkoposi yovelmxriv cdilobda, rom adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gaRvivebuliyo „Zveleburi qarTvel-afxazT Zmuri ganwyobileba da kavSiri“ (1906 wlis 12 seqtembers soxumis episkoposi kirionis ioseb CijavaZisadmi gagzavnili werilidan). 1905 wels ruseTis mTeli imperia moicva revoluciurma moZraobam. qarTulma mowinave sazogadoebam da saeklesio moRvaweebma isargebles Seqmnili viTarebiT, moiwvies saeklesio kreba da imsjeles saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. krebis Semdeg qarTulma samRvdeloebam golovinis prospeqtze mSvidobiani msvleloba moawyo. saqarTvelos egzarqos aleqsis moTxovniT mefisnacvalma voroncov-daSkovma mSvidobiani msvleloba kazakebis meSveobiT daarbia. am faqts didi vnebaTaRelva mohyva. is rusul presaSic ki dagmes. mefis xelisuflebis am saqcielis gamo kidev ufro gaizarda saprotesto muxti. sazogadoebam, ilia WavWavaZis meTaurobiT, oficialur doneze moiTxova saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxis ganxilva. magram mTavroba cdilobda saqmis gaWianurebas. 1906 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT peterburgSi ruseTis saeklesio sinodTan gaimarTa msjeloba. episkoposebi kirioni da leonide moxsenebiT gamovidnen da asabuTebdnen qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis kanonierebas. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis sinodis sabWom es moTxovna ar daakmayofi-

la.

mefisnacvali ilarion voroncov-daSkovi (1837-1916)

revoluciuri moZraobis Senelebis Semdeg kirioni soxumis eparqiidan kovnos eparqiaSi gadaiyvanes. soxumis episkoposobidan misi daTxovnis mizezad afxazTa gaqarTvelebis braldeba wauyenes, Tumca kirionis soxumis episkoposad datovebas qarTvelebis garda rusebi, berZnebi da afxazebi iTxovdnen. isini aRniSnavdnen, rom kirionis episkoposobis periodSi qarTvelebi qarTulad, rusebi rusulad da berZnebi berZnulad ismendnen wirva-locvas. 1907 wels ilia WavWavaZe mokles. samSoblodan Sors myof kirions ufleba ar misces dakrZalvaze Camosuliyo. man mxolod samZimris depeSis gamogzavna SeZlo. 1908 wels kidev ufro agresiuli formiT gagrZelda kirionis devna. mas cili daswames, daabrales, TiTqos monawileobda TbilisSi egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi. sinamdvileSi am dros kirioni saerTod ar imyofeboda TbilisSi. mas episkoposis wodeba CamoarTves da tambovis guberniis sanaqsaris udabnoSi gadaasaxles, sadac ukiduresad mZime pirobebSi cxovrobda. mogvianebiT gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom kirions am saqmesTan Sexeba ar hqonia. is gadaiyvanes xersonSi, Tumca kvlav policiis meTvalyureobis qveS iyo. 1914 wels kirionma imperators mimarTa TxovniT, rom moexsnaT misTvis mkacri meTvalyureoba da samSobloSi dabrunebis neba miecaT. Txovna nawilobriv daukmayofiles – mouxsnes mkacri meTvalyureoba, magram samSobloSi gamgzavrebis ufleba ar miuRia. kirions aRudgines episkoposis xarisxi da polockisa da vitebskis eparqiebi Caabares.

kirion II

akaki wereTeli (1840-1915)

kirionis dapatimrebis gamo akaki wereTeli mRvdel ioseb CijavaZes swerda: „kirionis ambavma laxvari gamiyara... rac imedi mqonda, sul gamiqarwylda, magram amazed glovis dro ar aris. Tavs ar davzogav, waval peterburgSi da Tu Cemi ar gavitane, cocxali aRar davbrundebi da mtrebs ki ar gavaxareb“ . kirionis devnis ambavi evropaSic Seityves. oliver da marjori uordropebi cdilobdnen daxmarebodnen usafuZvlod dakavebul kirions da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi SeekribaT mxardamWerebi. marjori uordropma werili gaugzavna gibraltaris episkoposs da sTxovda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisTvis brZolaSi daxmarebas. belgiis adamianTa uflebebis dacvis organizaciis Tavmjdomarem JorJ loranma, qarTvel studentTa SuamdgomlobiT, saxelmwifo saTaTbiros mimarTa kirion episkoposis mxardasaWerad.

egzarqosi nikoni (1861-1908)

leonide oqropiriZe (1860-1921)

didi qarTvelebi

1917 wlis Tebervlis revolucia

episkoposi leonide da patriarqi kirion II

miuxedavad imisa, rom kirionma mZime wlebi da bevri gansacdeli gadaitana, is Cveuli gulisxmierebiT moekida saqmes polockisa da vitebskis eparqiaSi. ganagrZo nayofieri samecniero saqmianobac: daaarsa vitebskis istoriul-arqeologiuri sazogadoeba da Tavi mouyara mniSvnelovan istoriul memkvidreobas. misi ZalisxmeviT polockis muzeums Seemata mravali axali eqsponati. kirionma bevri ram gaakeTa rogorc mecnierebisaTvis, aseve qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebisaTvis. dauRalavi Sromisa da didi damsaxurebis gamo mas eparqiaSi didi avtoriteti hqonda. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis dros ruseTSi Zlierdeba muSaTa da wiTel armielTa moZraobebi da Tavdasxmebi sasuliero pirebze. erT-erT gazeTSi, `wiTel jariskacTa da muSaTa deputatebis sabWoebis uwyeba ~ , gamoqveynda statia, romelSic cili daswames da Seuracxyofa miayenes kirions. am statias mrevlsa da adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi didi vnebaTaRelva gamouwvevia. SemorCenilia dokumenti, romelsac xels awers 150 adamiani. isini aRSfoTebas gamoTqvamen statiis gamo da Rrma pativiscemasa da guliTad Tanadgomas gamoxataven kirionis mimarT.

Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg ruseTSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba xelsayrelad gamoiyena qarTvelma samRvdeloebam da 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTis sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebul saeklesio krebaze miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Taobaze. krebis sabWom eklesiis winamZRolis movaleobis Sesruleba kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevamde guria-samegrelos episkopos leonide oqropiriZes daavala. Camoyalibda eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis organo – aRmasrulebeli komiteti, romelSic sasuliero pirebTan erTad saero pirebic Sediodnen. episkoposma leonidem sveticxovelSi Sekrebil mravalricxovan sazogadoebas mimarTa da saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis aqti gaacno. es gadawyvetileba ruseTis droebiT mTavrobas gaegzavna dasamtkiceblad.

kirion II

1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers Catarebuli saeklesio krebis monawileebi

qarTvel morwmuneTa erT-erTma jgufma vitebskSi delegacia gagzavna, romelmac kirions sTxova, dabrunebuliyo samSobloSi da monawileoba mieRo saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevnebSi. Tavdapirvelad mRvdelTmTavarma uari ganacxada, Tumca bolos mainc gaiTvaliswina sazogadoebis survili da saqarTveloSi dabruneba gadawyvita. Tbilisisken momavals aragvis xeobaSi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi Seegebnen. samSobloSi dabrunebuli episkoposi as ocamde cxenosanma didi pativiT gamoacila Tbilisamde, sadac mas xalxi zeimiT daxvda.

1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers TbilisSi Catarda sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba. krebam daamtkica avtokefaliuri eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba. gaimarTa saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevnebi, romelSic monawileobas iRebda ori kandidati – episkoposi leonide da episkoposi kirioni. faruli kenWisyris Sedegad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad airCies kirioni. mas ewoda kirion II. kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebis ceremoniali mcxeTobis dResaswaulze, 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarda. kirion II sakaTalikoso taxtze asvlisTanave Cveuli gamWriaxobiT da SromismoyvareobiT Seudga saqmianobas. man Seqmna 12 wevrisagan Semdgari sakaTolikoso sabWo, romelSic Sediodnen rogorc sasuliero, ise saero pirebi. misi ZalisxmeviT daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis restavracia, gauqmebuli eparqiebis aRdgena da qarTuli sasuliero saswavleblebis Seqmna. igi iRvwoda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis, kavSirurTierTobebi daamyara sxva konfesiebis sulier liderebTan.

didi qarTvelebi

kirion II-is xati

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiam 106 wlis win gauqmebuli avtokefalia aRadgina da ruseTis sinodis mmarTvelobas Tavi daaRwia. es qveynis politikuri damoukideblobisaken gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo. aman biZgi misca qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenas.

romis papi benediqte XV (1854-1922)

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebas mohyva kidev sami mniSvnelovani movlena: 1917 wlis 19-22 noembers Seiqmna saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, riTac, faqtobrivad, Camoyalibda qarTuli xelisufleba, romelsac erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis brZola bolomde unda mieyvana; 1918 wlis 26 ianvars Seiqmna umaRlesi ganaTlebis kera – qarTuli universiteti; xolo 1918 wlis 26 maiss warmatebiT dagvirgvinda erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis brZola da daibada axali qarTuli saxelmwifo – saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika. Cveni qveynisTvis am gardamtex dReebSi kaTolikos kirion II-is mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi dResac aqtualuri da yuradsaRebia. es im adamianis gulis amoZaxilia, vinc mTeli sicocxle Tavisi samSoblos ukeTesi momavlisaTvis fiqrsa da zrunvaSi gaatara da upirveles prioritetebad ganaTleba da Tavisufleba miaCnda.

kirion II-m 1917 wlis 2 noembers werili gaugzavna romis paps benediqte XV-s. igi kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurs amcnobs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiam aRadgina avtokefalia, romelic 1811 wels ruseTis mTavrobam saeklesio samarTlis uxeSi darRveviT gaauqma. kirioni xazs usvams or eklesias Soris megobrul urTierTobas da mimarTavs benediqte XV-s: `siyvaruliT movikiTxav Sens unetaresobas da gpirdebi, rom qarTveli xalxi ar Seaviwrovebs Seni taxtis mimdevrebs“ .

kirion II

`didi istoriuli dRe gagviTenda... madloba RmerTs! asi wlis monobis borkili aexsna mravaltanjul qarTvel xalxs. es udidesi aqti erTxmad miiRo yvela wodebis qarTvelma, miuxedavad partiebisa da rwmenisa. aRsrulda mudmivi natvra saqarTvelosi. 26 maiss 5 sT. gaisma pirveli Tavisufali sityva Tavisufal saqarTveloSi. magram nu daviviwyebT, rom Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba gvakisrebs did zrunvas did moqalaqeobriv sibrZne-sifxizles Txoulobs Cvengan. erTobaSi aris Zalao, amboben, da Tu esea, exlandeli momenti miT umetes moiTxovs yvelasagan Zmur SeerTebasa da Sromas. Tavisufleba is wminda da tkbili dedis ZuZua, romelmac gamogvzarda Cven da kacad gvaqcia. rodesac kacs ubedureba Tavzed daatydeba dahkargavs mas, veluri kacis xarisxzed Camodis igi. monobisTana mware xvedri dedamiwam ar icis. Tavisuflebas bina aqvs Tavisufali kacis gulSi. igi damagvirgvinebelia Cvenis cxovrebisa. Tavisufleba RvTiuri niWia. maS, gaumarjos damoukidebel saqarTvelos! gaumarjos Tavisufal qarTvel xalxs! gaumarjos yvela im erebs, romelnic CvenTan erTad icxovreben Tavisufal saqarTveloSi!~

kirion II-is sityva, Tqmuli saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT

qveyanaSi bevri sasikeTo cvlilebis miuxedavad, sagareo Tu saSinao situacia mainc sakmaod daZabuli iyo. rTuldeboda urTierToba mTavrobasa da eklesias Soris da arc sakuTriv eklesiaSi iyo mSvidi viTareba. Tbilel mitropolit leonide oqropiriZesa da kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-s Soris damokidebuleba ise daiZaba, rom kirioni sionis sakaTedro taZris nacvlad anCisxatSi atarebda msaxurebas.

1918 wlis 26 ivniss kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II gaemgzavra martyofis wminda antonis monastris rezidenciaSi. meore diliT is Tavis sawol oTaxSi iaraRiT mokluli naxes. mkvlelobis saqme srulyofilad ar gamouZiebiaT da Sesabamisad, dRemde daudgenelia, Tu vin iyo damnaSave. kirionis saqmianobas ebrZodnen rogorc Sinauri, ise gare Zalebi.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II dakrZalulia Tbilisis sionis sakaTedro taZarSi. igi istoriaSi Sevida rogorc didi qarTveli moRvawe, romelmac mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana saqarTvelos warsulisa da kulturis kvlevaSi da gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis saqmeSi. eklesiam sarwmunoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis gamo kirion II wmindanad Seracxa.

1918 wlis 26 ianvars, wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, TbilisSi gaixsna qarTuli universiteti. kirion II sapatio stumarTa Soris iyo. man SesaniSnavi sityva warmoTqva gaxsnis sazeimo RonisZiebaze: `axla Tqvens xelSia, batono profesorno, bed-iRbali am maRali samecniero taZrisa. Cveni guli ivseba sixaruliT, rom sibrZnes, romelic dausrulebelia, vnergavT amieridan Cvens xalxSi, am dResac moveswariT, rom qarTul universitets vxsniT... ltolvilebam sinaTlisadmi, codnis wyurvilma da WeSmaritma siyvarulma Sehkriba dRes aq auarebeli xalxi. kaci Seqmnilia sinaTlisaTvis da TviT bunebisgan Canergilia masSi RvTiuri niWi – Zieba WeSmaritebisa, romelic hqmnis kacs Tavisuflad. gilocavT Cveni pirveli universitetis xelmZRvanelno da visurveb Cveni sazogado saqmis warmatebas sakeTildReod Cveni erisa. ganaTlebiT irCeva kaci kacisagan. igi fasdaudebeli saunjea, romlis SeZenas bevri dro, moTmineba da cda unda ~ .

axladgaxsnili qarTuli universiteti