Tanamedrove mecnierebis mama

levan CxeiZe konfliqtebi, romlebic erT dros inteleqtualur cxovrebas asazrdoebda, iwvevda vnebaTaRelvas, Seuwynareblobas da xSirad Zaladobasac ki, dRes aRaraa aqtualuri didi xania mecnierebi aRar kamaToben imaze, Tu romeli ciuri sxeulia samyaros centri sul sxva Tavsatexebi ipyrobs maT yuradRebas: mouxelTebeli bneli materia da energia, warmoudgenlad mcire nawilakebi, Savi xvrelebi, samyaros warsuli da momavali am rTul amocanebs verasodes SeveWidebodiT, mecnierebs saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Tavdauzogavad rom ar eSromaT

Cveni winaprebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen bunebis Seswavlas – cnobismoyvareoba xom universaluria: arcerT epoqaSi, arcerT dasaxlebul kontinentze adamians ar asvenebda fiqri imaze, Tu rogoraa mowyobili samyaro. Tumca, Tu mecnierebas moviazrebT, rogorc bunebis iseT kvlevas, romlis farglebSic grovdeba obieqturi codna samyaros Sesaxeb, iqmneba hipoTezebi da prognozebi, romelTa gadamowmebac cdebiT SeiZleba, aRmovaCenT, rom mecniereba amgvari formiT sul ramdenime saukunis win Camoyalibda albert ainStainis azriT, galilei iyo „ara mxolod Tanamedrove fizikis, aramed mTeli Tanamedrove mecnierebis mama“. XVI-XVII saukuneebis samecniero revoluciis dros iSva samyaros is axleburi aRqma, romelmac gansazRvra dRevandeli msoflios realoba – realoba, romelSic SesaZlebelia Soreuli galaqtikebis da elementaruli nawilakebis Seswavla, kompiuterebisa da mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis gamoyeneba. am revoluciis saTavesTan idga galileo galilei –adamiani, romelic daibada Soreul 1564 wels, rodesac gardaicvala miqelanjelo da qveynierebas moevlina Seqspiri. galileo galilei gzis dasawyisi galileos mama, vinCenco, qsovilebiT vaWrobda msxvil vaWrebTan konkurencias is mSobliuri florenciidan pizaSi gaeqca swored aq daibada galileo pizaSi vaWrobas sakmarisi Semosavali ar mohqonda, ris gamoc odesRac SeZlebuli ojaxi xelmokled cxovrobda prestiJul skolebs vinCenco ver gaswvdeboda, amitom 13 wlis galileo saswavleblad florenciis siaxloves mdebare monasterSi miabares galileo daeufla berZnul da laTinur enebs, gaecno filosofiis da logikis sawyisebs erTxans saeklesio karierazec ki fiqrobda, magram mamamiss sxva gegmebi hqonda – niWier ymawvils swavla unda gaegrZelebina da ojaxi mZime finansuri problemebisgan exsna. 1580 wels galileo pizis universitetis studenti gaxda. Tavisufal dros is geometriis leqciebs eswreboda da ise moixibla, gadawyvita maTematikosi gamxdariyo. vinCenco winaaRmdegi iyo. mamas surda, rom misi vaJi gahyoloda medicinas, romelic pativsacemi da maRalanazRaurebadi saqmianoba iyo, magram galileo gajiutda da Tavisi gaitana. universitetSi galileo aristoteles da arqimedes naSromebs gaecno aristotelesgan gansxvavebiT, arqimede bunebas gazomvebis da gamoTvlebis meSveobiT swavlobda da is galileosTvis samagaliTo figurad iqca studentobisas galileom qanqaris mniSvnelovani Tviseba aRmoaCina erTxel pizis taZarSi misi yuradReba miipyro WaRma, romelsac qari arxevda man SeniSna, rom erTi rxevisTvis saWiro dro araa damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad ixreba WaRi. rxevis periodis gasazomad galileom sakuTari majiscema moiSvelia. saxlSi dabrunebulma, sxvadasxva sigrZis Zafebisgan da sxvadasxva wonis sxeulebisgan qanqarebi daamzada da maT rxevebs daakvirda. Sedegi igive iyo: rxevis periodi ar yofila damokidebuli mis amplitudaze. faqtobrivad, es galileos pirveli eqsperimenti iyo.

1585 wels galileom, usaxsrobis gamo, swavla Sewyvita is Tavs irCenda maTematikis kerZo gakveTilebiT, yidda Tavis gamogonebul xelsawyoebs – hidrostatikur saswors da Termometris winapars, Termoskops man ramdenime debuleba daamtkica sxeulTa simZimis centris Sesaxeb, ramac maTematikosTa wreSi saxeli mouxveWa 1589 wels galileo pizis universitetis profesori gaxda, swored im saswavleblis, romelic akademiuri xarisxis gareSe miatova amaSi misi mdidari mfarvelis, meqanikiT dainteresebuli erTi didebulis xeli eria pizis universiteti

Mecniereba

mijnuli filosofiisa da Teologiisgan. aristoteles SexedulebebSi eWvis Setana mkrexelobad aRiqmeboda galileo aristoteles winaaRmdeg pizaSi daiwyo galileos mravalwliani konfliqti aristoteles mimdevrebTan kaTolicizmTan adaptirebuli aristoteles moZRvreba safuZvlad edo imdroindeli evropis msoflmxedvelobas miiCneoda, rom aristoteles naSromebSi samyaro amomwuravadaa aRwerili, amitom bunebis mkvlevari, pirvel yovlisa, aristoteles bejiTi mkiTxveli unda yofiliyo. mecniereba ar iyo ga- aristoteles samyaro warmoadgens koncentruli sferoebis sistemas centrSi ganlagebulia dedamiwa, romelzec yovelive arsebuli Sedgeba 4 elementisgan: miwisgan, wylisgan, haerisgan da cecxlisgan mZime elementebi (miwa, wyali) ganlagebulia samyaros centrTan; msubuqi elementebi (haeri, cecxli) – zemoT miiltvis yvelafers aqvs Tavisi „bunebrivi adgili “ sxeulebi, ZiriTadad, miwisgan Sedgeba da maTi vardnis axsnac esaa: isini cdiloben daikavon „bunebrivi adgili“ samyaros centrTan mTvare, planetebi da mze ganlagebulia e w cis sferoebze dedamiwidan yvelaze daSorebul sferoze Zevs uZravi varskvlavebi. cis sferoebi da maTze ganlagebuli obieqtebi Sedgeba idumali mexuTe elementisgan – eTerisgan. sferoebi sxvadasxva siCqariT brunavs dedamiwis garSemo. caSi yvela moZraoba wriuli da Tanabaria. miwieri da cis samyaroebi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba: dedamiwaze yvelaferi cvalebadi, warmavali da arasrulyofilia, cis sferoebSi ki – ucvleli, maradiuli da srulyofili. kanonebi, romlebsac cis sferoebi emorCileba, arafriT hgavs dedamiwaze moqmed kanonebs. dedamiwaze sxva fizikaa, caSi – sxva. aristotelesTvis eqsperimentis idea ucxo iyo. misi azriT, movlenebs unda davakvirdeT, Semdeg ki gamarTuli logikuri msjelobiT avxsnaT, anu davadginoT movlenis gamomwvevi mizezi. meorexarisxovania, rogor vardeba vaSli, mTavaria, vicodeT vardnis mizezi – vaSli Sedgeba miwisgan da iltvis dedamiwis centrisken ZvelberZeni filosofosi arc maTematikas cnobda bunebis Semecnebis instrumentad aristoteles Tanaxmad, sxeulebi mxolod maSin moZraoben, rodesac maTze Zala moqmedebs. sicariele ar arsebobs: garemos winaaRmdegobis gareSe sxeulis siCqare usasrulobamde gaizrdeboda mZime sxeulebi msubuqze swrafad vardeba magaliTad, Tu erTi sxeuli meoreze aTjer mZimea, is aTjer ufro swrafad daecema miwaze swored Tavisufali vardnis gamo Seerkina pirvelad galileo aristoteles mimdevrebs. galileos miaCnda, rom sxeulebis vardnis dro araa damokidebuli maT masaze. misi pirveli biografi vinCenco viviani mogviTxrobs, rom simarTlis dasadgenad galileo erTnairi masalisgan damzadebul gansxvavebuli masis sxeulebs pizis daxrili koSkidan agdebda mZime sxeulebi odnav ufro swrafad vardeboda vardnis droSi mcire gansxvaveba galileom sworad axsna haeris winaaRmdegobiT is fiqrobda, rom sicarieleSi sferoebi erTdroulad daecemoda aristoteles mimdevrebs eqsperimentma azri ver Seacvlevina, xolo sicarielis xsenebam maT ironiuli Rimili mohgvara: maTi saTayvano maswavlebeli xom sicarielis ar- galileo galilei sebobas uaryofda, vakuumis xelovnurad Seqmna ki im dros SeuZlebeli iyo isini, vinc brmad ar eTanxmebodnen ZvelberZen filosofoss, naTlad xedavdnen, rom simarTle galileos mxares iyo – sxeulebi marTlac erTnairi aCqarebiT vardeba da es aCqareba maT masaze araa damokidebuli.

1. Zveli warmodgena

2. galileos cdis Sedegi axlis miuReblobisa da avtoritetebis brma Tayvaniscemis gamo galileo mwvaved akritikebda pizel kolegebs gasakviri araa, rom vadis amowurvis Semdeg universitetis mesveurebma galileos xelSekruleba aRar gaugrZeles gavlenianma megobrebma arc amjerad miatoves 28 wlis galileo paduaSi gadabargda da iqauri universitetis profesori gaxda saocari axali samyaro padua veneciis respublikas ekuTvnoda. venecia romisgan damoukidebeli saxelmwifo iyo, Sesabamisad, paduis universitetSi SedarebiT liberaluri atmosfero sufevda, cenzuris da inkviziciis wnexi didad ar igrZnoboda da evropaSi erT-erT saukeTesodac miiCneoda. galileom iq 18 weli gaatara (1592-1610). es iyo ukiduresad nayofieri, aRmoCenebiT daxunZluli wlebi, romlebsac Tavad galileo cxovrebis ubednieres xanad moixseniebda pizaSi galileo mcire jamagirs iRebda; paduaSi mas bevrad ukeTesi pirobebi SesTavazes Tumca, vinCencos gardacvalebis gamo galileos ojaxis ufrosis valdebulebebi daekisra: ori gasaTxovari da gasamziTvebeli gauxda; Tavistkivilad qarafSuta umcrosi Zmac daemata. galileos isev mouwia moswavleebis ayvana. leqciebi da kerZo gakveTilebi fiqris da kvlevebis dros TiTqmis ar utovebda, magram man mainc SeZlo pizaSi dawyebuli saqmis gagrZeleba. venecielebisTvis, romlebic gauTaveblad omobdnen, balistika mniSvnelovani iyo galileom Seiswavla Wurvebis moZraoba da daamtkica, rom gasrolili Wurvis traeqtoria warmoadgens parabolas galileo kopernikis heliocentruli sistemis momxre iyo am modelSi samyaros centri mzea, xolo dedamiwa da sxva planetebi mzis garSemo brunavs dedamiwa brunavs sakuTari RerZis garSemoc im dros sayovelTaod aRiarebuli iyo klavdius ptolemes geocentruli sistema, romelic aristoteles moZRvrebas efuZneboda am modelSi planetebi moZraobs or warmosaxviT wrewirze: epiciklze da deferentze am abstraqtuli wrewirebis SemoRebiT ptoleme xsnida planetebis retrogradul moZraobas (aristoteles sistema ver xsnida, Tu ratom neldeba planeta, Cerdeba, iwyebs moZraobas sapirispiro mimarTulebiT, Semdeg ki ubrundeba „normalur“ moZraobas) ptolemes modeli, CaxlarTulobis miuxedavad, sworad winaswarmetyvelebda astronomiul movlenebs garda amisa, masSi martivad SeiZleboda Sesworebebis Setana: axali faqtebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, sakmarisi iyo modelSi epiciklebis Camateba kopernikma Tavis naSromSi „cis sferoebis garemoqcevaTa Taobaze“, romelic galeleos dabadebamde TiTqmis 20 wliT adre gamoica, aCvena, rom Tu planetebi mzis garSemo brunavs, epiciklebis raodenoba mkveTrad mcirdeba, astronomiuli gamoTvlebi ki arsebiTad martivdeba. ptolemes sistemis kopernikis modeliT Canacvlebas aravin Cqarobda. dedamiwis moZraoba uSualod ar aRiqmeba. paralaqsis (varskvlavebis wanacvleba dedamiwis mzis garSemo moZraobis gamo) damzera imdroindeli instrumentebiT SeuZlebeli iyo. ptolemes da kopernikis sistemebi erTnair prognozebs iZleoda. mas aRiqvamdnen rogorc fizikur Sinaarss moklebul maTematikur konstruqcias, xriks, romelic gamosadegia gamoTvlebisTvis. aravin fiqrobda, rom mas raime kavSiri aqvs samyaros realur agebulebasTan. galileo acnobierebda, rom Tu koperniki marTali iyo da dedamiwa araa samyaros centri, aristoteles fizika daemxoboda: gaugebari gaxdeboda, ratom vardeba sxeulebi dedamiwis centrisken. astronomias SeeZlo, gadamwyveti roli Seesrulebina fizikis ganaxlebaSi! amaSi galileo ufro metad darwmunda 1604 wels, rodesac gvelismWeris

Tavisufali vardnisas sxeulebi imdenad swrafad moZraobdnen, rom maTi vardnis drois gazomva sakuTari pulsis da wylis saaTebis gamoyenebiT SeuZlebeli iyo amitom galileom gamoiyena daxrili sibrtye: sxeulebi masze ufro nela moZraobdnen, siCqare regulirebadi iyo, zedapiris damuSavebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda xaxunis Zalis Semcireba; drois intervalebis gazomva realistur amocanad iqca. mravali cdis Sedegad, galileom aRmoaCina, rom TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobisas sxeulis mier gavlili manZili moZraobis dawyebidan gasuli drois kvadratis pirdapirproporciulia. cdebis Sedegebma maTematikuri gamoxatuleba pova. ibadeboda bunebis Semecnebis axali, araaristoteleseuli meTodi.

TanavarskvlavedSi gamoCnda zeaxali varskvlavi. es fenomeni ewinaaRmdegeboda aristoteles moZRvrebas, romelSic ca ucvlelia mTavari movlena, romelmac galileo dakvirvebiTi astronomiis mamad aqcia, 1609 wels moxda: man Seityo, rom holandielma ostatma Seqmna xelsawyo, romelic Soreul sagnebs aaxloebs galileom ivarauda, rogor muSaobda es xelsawyo da male bevrad ga- klavdius ptoleme da misi geocentruli modeli am modelSi mze, mTvare da pla netebi moZraobs mcire wrewirebze – epiciklebze. yoveli epiciklis centri Tav dac moZraobs dedamiwis garS mo did wrewirze – deferentz umjobesebuli Wogriti Seqmna misi saukeTeso instrumenti sagnebs ocdaaTjer adidebda. galileom meyseulad gaacnobiera Wogritis komerciuli potenciali. erT dRes man sademonstracio Cveneba moawyo qalaqis mTavari taZris, san markos, samrekloze. mowveulebma, maT Soris, veneciis senatorebma, saTanadod Seafases Wogritis mniSvneloba sazRvao da samxedro saqmisTvis es gamogoneba galileom diplomatiurad miuZRvna veneciis mTavars – doJs. doJma uxvad daajildova: uboZa samudamo profesoroba da xelfasi gauormaga galileom maSinve „startapi“ daaarsa da Wogritebis masobriv warmoeba-realizacias Seudga.

1609 wlis miwuruls galileom Wogriti cisken mimarTa Tvalwin saocari axali samyaro gadaeSala sul ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi galileom araerTi revoluciuri aRmoCena gaakeTa, romlebmac samyaros suraTi radikalurad Secvala iupiters oTxi Tanamgzavri aRmoaCnda; es niSnavda, rom samyaroSi brunvis sxva centrebic arsebobs, yvela ciuri sxeuli ar brunavs dedamiwis garSemo Turme, irmis naxtomi uamravi varskvlavisgan Sedgeba, romelTa Sesaxeb ptolemes warmodgenac ki ar hqonda. mTvareze mTebi da dablobebia iseve, rogorc dedamiwaze; aristoteles ki miaCnda, rom is idealurad gluvia, Sedgeba eTerisgan da saerTod arafriT hgavs dedamiwas. veneras fazebis sruli nakrebi hqonia, rac utyuari mtkicebuleba iyo, rom venera mzis garSemo brunavs galileom mzis laqebic naxa, Tumca es Cinelma astronomebma daaswres. laqebis arseboba galileom aristoteles momxreebis winaaRmdeg polemikaSi gamoiyena: ar yofila mze srulyofili es aRmoCenebi ver amtkicebda imas, rom dedamiwa brunavs mzis garSemo, magram maT Ziri gamouTxares aristoteles kosmologias Tavdapirvelad aristoteles momxreebi ar aRiarebdnen galileos aRmoCenebs: zogierTebi optikur iluziebad da linzebis defeqtebad miiCnevdnen, sxvebi saerTodac teleskopSi gaxedvas uarobdnen ase grZeldeboda, sanam samecniero revoluciis sxva gmirma –iohanes keplerma da avtoritetulma astronomma – klaviusma ar daadastures am aRmoCenebis namdviloba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo klaviusis daskvna: is iezuitTa sasuliero ordenis wevri iyo, iezuitis daskvnaSi ki aristoteles momxreebi eWvs ver Seitandnen am aRmoCenebs galileom Tavi mouyara wignSi „varskvlavTa macne“, romelic pirvel samecniero bestselerad iqca. galileo saqveynod cnobili gaxda, mis aRmoCenebze mTel evropaSi bWobdnen pirvel suraTze gamosaxulia veneras fazebi, rogorc maT winaswarmetyvelebda ptolemes modeli; meore suraTze naCvenebia galileos mier 1610 wels danaxuli suraTi. fazebis aseTi suraTis miReba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu venera brunavs ara dedamiwis, aramed mzis garSemo kargi samuSao pirobebis miuxedavad, galileos aRar surda veneciaSi darCena da sayvarel florenciaSi dabruneba gadaewyvita. imxanad toskanis sahercogos mediCebis mdidari da gavleniani sagvareulo marTavda. mediCebma, romlebsac renesansis generalur sponsorebadac ki moixsenieben, uamravi talantis gafurCqnas Seuwyves xeli, riTac umniSvnelovanesi roli Seasrules italiaSi mecnierebisa da xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi. galileom „varskvlavTa macne“ toskanis did hercogs – kozimo II mediCis miuZRvna, xolo iupiteris Tanamgzavrebs „mediCis varskvlavebi“ uwoda Sedegmac ar daayovna: 1610 wels hercogma galileo Tavisi karis filosofosad da maTematikosad daniSna triumfi eloda galileos romSic man vatikanis oficialuri Teologis, kardinal belarmines keTilganwyoba moipova kardinali Tavadac astronomiis moyvaruli iyo da kargad esmoda galileos aRmoCenebis mniSvneloba male romis pap pavle V-sTan audienciis pativic ergo, xolo kardinal mafeo barberinis saxiT Zlevamosili megobari SeiZina es adamianebi galileos cxovrebaSi did rols Seasruleben TiTqos araferi moaswavebda avs pirveli procesi aRmoCenebiT da aRiarebiT Segulianebulma galileom irwmuna, rom dro movida, ptolemes dromoWmuli geocentruli modeli kopernikis models Caenacvlebina mas swamda, rom heliocentruli sistema ar aris mxolod sasargeblo maTematikuri xriki: mze ara mxolod astronomebis gamoTvlebSi, aramed realuradac samyaros centrSia. es ewinaaRmdegeboda kaTolikuri eklesiis oficialur pozicias. eklesia ar devnida kopernikis models, vidre is abstraqtul maTematikur modelad rCeboda; metic, eklesia iyenebda am models: masze dayrdnobiT Catarda 1582 wlis kalendris reforma; magram klaviusi (1538-1612) iezuitTa sasuliero ordenSi iricxeboda araerTi cnobili maTematikosi da astronomi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, kaTolikuri eklesiis pozicias aJRerebdnen SeiZleba iTqvas, klaviusi vatikanis oficialuri astronomi iyo

TeologebisTvis erTaderT swor sistemad kvlav rCeboda ptolemes geocentruli sistema, radgan is ar ewinaaRmdegeboda biblias geocentruli sistemis fizikuri realobis mtkicebiT, galileo eklesiasTan dapirispirebis gzas daadga galileos esmoda, rom teleskopiT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi ar iyo sakmarisi geocentruli sistemis dasamxobad bevrma uaryo ptolemes sistema, magram ar gaiziara kopernikis ideebi aseTebi gaxdnen tixo brahes mimdevrebi danielma astronomma SeimuSava hibriduli modeli, romelSic planetebi brunavs mzis garSemo, mze ki – dedamiwis garSemo brahes models im droisTvis araferi ewinaaRmdegeboda SegaxsenebT, rom mzis da sakuTari RerZis garSemo dedamiwis brunvis pirdapiri mtkicebulebebi (paralaqsis gazomva, fukos qanqara da sxv ) bevrad gvian gaCnda astronomiuli mtkicebulebebis ukmarisobis gamo galileom sxva mxridan miitana ieriSi geocentrizmze. man SeimuSava Teoria, romlis mixedviTac zRvebis da okeaneebis moqcevebs iwvevs dedamiwis dRiuri da wliuri moZraoba. es mcdari Teoria iyo (moqcevebs mTvaris gravitaciuli miziduloba iwvevs), magram mcdeloba ar gamohparviaT galileos mowinaaRmdegeebs. daiwyo galileos da, zogadad, kopernikis moZRvrebis winaaRmdeg gamalebuli brZola calkeulma saeklesio pirebma qadagebebSi koperniki da galileo eretikosebad moixsenies inkviziciam ramdenime saCivari miiRo florencieli RvTismsaxurebisgan agorebul kampanias SeuerTdnen aristoteles momxreebi, romlebmac galileos samyaros tradiciuli suraTis dangreva ver apaties. braldebebi erTi tipis iyo: heliocentrizmi ewinaaRmdegeba garkveul adgilebs bibliaSi, magaliTad, ieso naves Zes ambavs, romelmac mze gaaCera, amdenad, misi mimdevrebi arian eretikosebi. imxanad es Zalian saxifaTo braldeba iyo: 1600 wels mwvaleblobaSi braldebuli jordano bruno cocxlad dawves romSi. brunos ganaCenze kardinal belarmines xelmowerac iyo. galileom Tavis dasacavad ori sajaro werili gamoaqveyna, romlebSic scada, daemtkicebina, rom kopernikis moZRvreba ar ewinaaRmdegeba wminda werils. misi ganmartebiT, wminda werilis is monakveTebi, sadac samyaros agebulebazea saubari, ar unda gavigoT sityvasityviT. galileos TqmiT, samyaros wigni arasodes ewinaaRmdegeba biblias, winaaRmdegoba mcdari interpretaciis Sedegia. galileo kidev ufro Sors wavida: misi azriT, bunebis Semecneba ar aris Teologebis saqme, isini mxolod sulieri da moraluri sakiTxebiT unda Semoifarglon. am werilebma, situaciis ganmuxtvis nacvlad, Teologebi ganarisxa. 1615 wlis miwuruls, braldebebis uarsayofad, kopernikis ideebisa da sakuTari reputaciis dasacavad, galileo romSi gaemgzavra is grZnobda, rom eklesia apirebda heliocentrizmis akrZalvas da ganzraxuli hqonda, es ar daeSva mas hqonda kardinal belarmines da papis imedi, romlebic romSi wina vizitis dros Tbilad gaumaspinZldnen. galileos mxolod SiSi ar amoZravebda, is gulwrfelad morwmune kaTolike iyo, mwvaleblobis braldebebi udides usamarTlobad miaCnda da Zalian stkenda guls.

1616 wels heliocentrizmis Sesaswavlad romSi Seiqmna sagamoZiebo komisia, romelSic inkvizitorebic Sediodnen galileos bedic am komisias unda gadaewyvita komisiam heliocentrizmi cno absurdul da mwvaleblur doqtrinad, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba wminda werils, Teologias da filosofias. es verdiqti SeiZleboda sicocxlis fasad dasjdomoda galileos, magram papma sxvagvarad gadawyvita man galileosTan miavlina kardinali belarmine, romelmac gaacno komisiis gadawyvetileba da urCia, kopernikis moZRvrebis propagandirebisgan Tavi Seekavebina es Segoneba Sefaruli muqara iyo, gajiutebas mZime Sedegebi mohyveboda galileom dado piroba, rom arc sityvierad, arc werilobiT aRar daicavda heliocentrizms. papi piradad dahpirda, rom vidre is cocxali iqneboda, galileos sicocxlesac araferi daemuqreboda mas Semdeg, rac xmebi dair- xa, rom galileom dagmo heliocentrizmi da sasjelic daekisra, man belarmines mosTxova sabuTi, romliTac reputaciis Semlaxavi Worebisgan daicavda Tavs belarminem Txovna Seusrula sabuTSi ewera, rom galileos ar daugmia sakuTari Sexedulebebi, arc dasjila, SeeZlo gamoeyenebina „kopernikis hipoTeturi modeli“ astronomiuli gamoTvlebisTvis da ubralod ekrZaleboda kopernikis ideebis dacva an gavrceleba am sabuTma didi roli Seasrula 1633 wels, rodesac galileo meored warsdga inkvizitorebis winaSe. galilei droebiT CamoSorda saxifaTo polemikas kopernikis moZRvrebis garSemo.

Meore Procesi

1623 wels galileom gamoaqveyna didi naSromi, romelSic Camoayaliba samecniero meTodis safuZvlebi swored am wignSi gvxvdeba fraza, romelic kargad gadmoscems galileos Sexedulebebs: „filosofia weria am diad wignSi, samyaroSi, romelic mudmivad gadaSlilia Cven Tvalwin; magram wignis gageba SeuZlebelia, sanam mkiTxveli ar iswavlis enas da im asoebis kiTxvas, romlisganac is Sedgeba. is dawerilia maTematikis enaze, xolo misi asoebia samkuTxedebi, wrewirebi da sxva geometriuli figurebi, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia, adamianma Tundac erTi sityva gaigos“.

naSromis publikacia daemTxva imas, rom galileos megobari, misi niWis Tayvanismcemeli da mfarveli, mafeo barberini, gaxda romis papi urban VIII-is saxeliT. galileom nacad xerxs mimarTa da naSromi urbans miuZRvna; Semdeg romSi gaemgzavra da paps Sexvda papma galileis neba darTo, daewera wigni samyaros modelebis Sesaxeb, oRond gaafrTxila, kopernikis modelze esaubra, rogorc hipoTezaze da ara – rogorc WeSmaritebaze

„dialogi samyaros ori sistemis Sesaxeb“ gamoica 1632 wels dialogSi personaJi saxelad salviati aJRerebs galileos pozicias, simpliCio ki icavs aristoteles da geocentrizms salviati Tavis Sexedulebebs maTematikurad asabuTebs, xSirad, galileis aRmoCenebsac iSveliebs; simpliCio komikuri personaJia, romelic bevrs verafers upirispirebs salviatis. dialogis bolos simpliCios mohyavs urban VIII-is sayvareli Teologiuri argumenti kopernikis winaaRmdeg galileo inkviziciis winaSe 1615 wels erTi versiiT, papma sulel simpliCioSi sakuTari Tavi amoicno da risxvamac ar daayovna sxva versiiT, papis reaqcia aixsneba imiT, rom mowinaaRmdegeebi urbans kaTolicizmis arasakmarisad xist dacvas abralebdnen, sust da eretikosebisadmi lmobier papad gamosaxavdnen imxanad evropaSi kontrreformacia mimdinareobda – kaTolicizmi samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolaSi iyo Cabmuli protestantizmTan, mZvinvarebda ocdaaTwliani omi. mZime braldebebis gasaqarwyleblad da zedmeti liberalizmiT Selaxuli imijis gasaumjobeseblad urban VIII-m did politikur TamaSSi paikiviT gawira Tavisi megobari galileo papis brZanebiT Seiqmna galileos wignis Semswavleli komisia, romelmac daaskvna, rom galileom kopernikis sistema wignSi ara hipoTezad, aramed realobis amsaxvel modelad warmoaCina. saqmeSi inkvizicia CaerTo. 1633 wels galileo romSi ixmes da 1616 wels dadebuli piroba Seaxsenes Tavis dasacavad man ukve gardacvlili belarmines werili waradgina saqme CixSi Sevida xangrZlivi ganxilvis da ganuwyveteli zewolis pirobebSi, avadmyofobiT gatanjuli 70 wlis galileo inkvizitorebTan garigebaze wavida da aRiara, rom gascda belarmines mier dawesebul farglebs: wignSi kopernikis Teoriis aRwerisas gadaameta, rac SeiZleboda aRqmuliyo, rogorc kopernikis Teoriis dacva. is mwvaleblobaSi eWvmitanilad cnes, aiZules, oficialurad daegmo kopernikis moZRvreba da samudamo Sinapatimroba miusajes. arcerTi wyaro ar adasturebs, TiTqos procesis bolos warmoTqva fraza „is mainc brunavs!“ galileo arasodes gamoumwyvdeviaT cixeSi, arc uwamebiaT. procesis dros is vatikanSi, toskanis elCis saxlSi cxovrobda, sicocxlis bolo wlebi ki arCetriSi, florenciis maxloblad mdebare vilaSi gaatara galileo arCetriSic ganagrZobda muSaobas swored patimrobaSia Seqmnili misi Semajamebeli wigni „ori axali mecniereba“, romelSic Tavmoyrilia mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi moZraobis da masalaTa gamZleobis Sesaxeb. naSromSi ganxilulia inerciis da moZraobis fardobiTobis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi, romlebic klasikur meqanikas daedo safuZvlad (niutonis pirveli kanoni galileos mier Camoyalibebuli inerciis principia) bedis ironiiT, adamianma, romelmac usasrulo sivrceSi gaixeda da kacobriobis Tvalsawieri ukideganod gaafarTova, sicocxlis bolo wlebi srul wyvdiadSi gaatara usinaTlo galileo 1642 wels gardaicvala. toskanis hercogs surda, galileosTvis aRemarTa akldama florenciis taZar santa kroCeSi, sadac misi winaprebi asvenia, magram am survils romis papi aRudga win – mwvab b S W m n bs m bs r S n b n – SeuTvala gulRrZo urbanma mediCis

XX saukunis miwuruls romis papma, ioane pavle II-m, galileos reabilitaciis procesi wamoiwyo erTerT gamosvlaSi man brZana, rom galileom „bevri usamarTloba iwvnia eklesiisgan da misi msaxurebisgan“. papis TqmiT, mas devnidnen adamianebi, romlebic ver xvdebodnen, rom samecniero WeSmariteba da religiuri rwmena erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba daaxloebiT imave dros iupiteris Tanamgzavrebisken gaemgzavra NASA-s aparati „galileo “ did mecniers da gulmxurvale kaTolikes orive ambavi gauxardeboda