The impact of the covid19 lock down to the Somalia disability people livelihood

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THE IMPACT OF THE COVID19 LOCKDOWN TO THE SOMALI DISABILITY PEOPLE LIVELIHOOD

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THE IMPACT OF THE COVID19 LOCKDOWN TO THE SOMALI DISABILITY PEOPLE LIVELIHOOD

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Contents Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 List of acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 -

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6

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Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7

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Problem statement ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

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Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10

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Structure of the Survey ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10

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Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11

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Results.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

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Socio-demographic.…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

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Livelihood Impacts Caused by NCOVID-19. ………………………………………………………….. 15

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Health Impacts – Disease at risk....……….…………………………………………………………….. 16

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Social Distance….………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

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Public discrimination……………………………………………………………………………………………. 17

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Public restriction. ...……………………………………………………………………………………………. 17

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Economic recession .……………………………………………………………………………………………. 18

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Banking and Money Remittance Restrictions …………………………………………………………18

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Current Humanitarian Service Access ………….………………………………………………………. 18

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Conclusion. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

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Global Humanitarian gap. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 20

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WFP Somalia Country Brief, March 2020. ……………………………………………………………… 20

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Recommendations. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21

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Appendix I: DPOs Names………………..…………………………………………………………………… 22

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Appendix II: WHO Public advice on prevention of COVID-19..………………………………… 23

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Appendix II: References……………………………………………………………………………………… 24

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List of Acronyms Covid19: Corono Virus WFP:

World Food Program

WHO: World Health Organization DPO:

Disabled People Organizations

PWD:

Persons with Disabilities

SFG:

Somalia Federal Government

CHADD: Centre for Horn Africa Disability Development

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SDC Somalia Disability Cluster is non-profit and non-governmental network for the DPOs the disabled People Organization in Somalia that provides the . Advocacy, capacity building, funding and information sharing for the Somalia Persons with Disabilities and DPOs.

With partner of

international donors, local charitable organization and groups and Somalia federal government organs We acknowledge the most valuable of the work in the survey was done voluntarily by the CHADD Centre for Horn Africa Disability Development and the Mentor Somalia local think-thanks consultant organization based in Somalia, and other groups who worked very hard during the implementation of the survey We also acknowledge all readers, users and publishers of this report in the future after presentation in public for the complementary work the report spread public to the all public and private intuitions Thanks your time and interest the report

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Introduction Somalia is small country in the east Africa with population of the more than 16 million where the disability are estimated to be 15% in regard the WHO international disability estimation census for the counties without national statistics to the disability people. Somalia is one of the countries in the world with high number of PWDs persons with disabilities considering three decades of manmade and natural disaster affected Somalia mainly droughts, war and diseases impacted the country several times in the last three decades Somalia PWDs persons with disabilities are estimated to be more than 15% percentage in the total community of 16 million general populations Somalia.

Nearly 2.4 million people have

variety disability in sensory and physical which have no deeper demographic for their disability as well as disaggregated date of child, youth and old that made very hard for any intervention in the country so far the last decades In Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia host of more than 3 million population the number of the PWDs persons with disability estimation is 15% which makes the total estimation inhabitants in number 450,000 most of them dependent their families, charity and humanitarian aid support in the country with hardships the day to day live Majority of the disabled people live in the slum village ( Obasiibo ) densely populated mainly non formal settlements, IDP camps in the outskirts of Mogadishu where they have mixed problems in the society

touching their lives and social participation in the community. Obviously,

discrimination, negligence and humiliation are common problems for the majority disability people.

Somalia signed the CRPD convention rights persons with disabilities in 2019 which

makes strong the protection and promotion of the universal human rights for the disability people.

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Background The PWDs persons with disabilities in Somalia are estimated to be two millions levelled to be the most disadvantage groups and individuals in the country where most of their families. Relatives, villagers and society discriminate from the public and private services in the country as equal person or citizen this made them the most poorest groups in the society who are predominately illiterate, unskilled and unemployed the basics of the live development in the society. In the education the disability people in the country have cultural and environmental barrier that prevents them access with non-disabled people in the society. This made them to be different surrounded obstacles restricting from them enjoy public and private service education which would make them full of knowledge and skills contributing the socioeconomic of the families and national in the country Unemployment for the persons with disability is obviously clear where every groups of employer are non-disabled from the public and private except in rare case where you may see the availability of the less one percentage. A Very painful image and condition against the moral of the disability.

The little groups accessed the education the last two decades who some of the

are graduated from the secondary miss the opportunity of the tertiary education in the university The PWDs persons with disabilities who live both in urban and non-urban places share more in the live the discrimination, environmental barrier and livelihood dependent for other people mostly the families and charity groups or individuals makes the live uncomfortable that he or she may enjoy equal living conditions with their fellow non-disabled in the family or the village The fast Majority of the PWDs persons with disability live with their families, relative and friends as depend, the second number live in the IDP camps who mostly depend of begging and charity from the people in the villages, markets and public intuitions and the smallest groups are interdependent who professionals majority of the are self-employed with small enterprise in the markets and villages and some other of this ratio are employed with handcart skills and education most of this group secondary level, while the lowest ration of this groups are educated most of them graduate.

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The situation of the PWDs Persons with disability in Somalia has been very hard, where they are the most differentiated and mistreated in the society who have common problems whose social, economic, development and political participations role and rights deliberately neglected and denied by the civilians and governments where there are not projects and funds tailored the intervention of the PWDs support and development except very small initiatives les one thousands USD investment per year compare against the hundreds millions

donor and

humanitarian working funds. The plight of the Somalia PWDs persons with disabilities is really clear in the public and private in the entire Somalia territories under the federal state government and federal government of Somalia. That made them people without rights in the society who live below object poverty line. Whose voices and advocacy is weak in the civil society where they have no presence in the current civil society networks, umbrella and consortiums. Fragile DPOs disabled people organization operational in the country are active mostly with advocacy they do with their contribution in cash, material and knowledge that has turned the faces of the international community and Somalia government institutions listen the loud sound from the PWDs and DPOs demanding ratification of national and international laws protecting and promoting the rights and socioeconomic of the 2.4 million people with disability in the country.

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Problem statement The population with disability in Somalia are faced by unexpected disaster caused by the covid19 pandemic disease

lockdown in the public and private intuitions, that has made nationwide

Somalia restriction social and day-today business works in the large and small towns in Somalia. Somalia federal government has issued social distance that has closed the doors in the most private and public services mostly the education, markets and large employer business for the safety of the Somalia people Persons with disabilities meet various livelihood problems in physical, psychosocial, socioeconomics and infections prevention barriers to access healthcare services, food, education, and protection as they are the poorest part and most vulnerable groups of community, which is exacerbated in situations of the prevention of the disease and getting daily living utilities. Therefore the livelihood situations of disabled people got huge impacts of pandemic nCOVID-19 which is pandemic spread that is transmitted easy in the community from one another and in addition the Federal Government announcement curfew on 1 st April 2020 of closing the schools, business and public gatherings. So this survey will express the current situations of disabled people faced during the COVID-19 and direct impacts to livelihood face persons with disability by visualising the health status, income source, shelter, psychosocial care and community engagement.

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Objectives Persons with disabilities generally have more health-care needs than others – both standard needs and needs linked to impairments – and are therefore more vulnerable to the impact of low quality or inaccessible health-care services than others. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to disproportionately affect PWD, putting them at risk of increased morbidity and mortality and inhibit ongoing live. CHADD conducted this survey to verify a solution the existing obstacles using by four main objective: 

Identify key impacts and barriers of pandemic Disease COVID-19 on disability people

To recognize the impacts of lockdown to persons with disability livelihood SomaliaMogadishu.

Improve health-care coverage and affordability for persons with disabilities as part of universal approaches to health care

To promote recommendations, preparedness and response on how can be managed the disease and impacts brought

Structure of the survey CHADD has classified this survey into three categories of presenting the existing impacts of COVID-19 to disability people, we focused these three sections: 

Socio-demographic conditions of PWD’s living before and during the disease

Livelihood Impacts brought nCOVID-19 including victims with special cases

Barriers restricting accessing COVID-19 preparedness and response o Psychosocial Care o Community Engagement o Infection prevention and control o Livelihood Resumption

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Methodology Jointly, Somalia Disability Cluster, Mentor Somalia and the CHADD Centre for Horn Africa Disability Development conducted survey for the Somalia disability people impact of the covid19 lockdown the livelihood and psychosocial for the disability people in Benadir Region Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia. The survey was used for open ended questions for qualitative approach. Information was collected using online interviews or meetings from DPOs respondents that are the key actors and leading organizations of the situations of disabled people in terms of Education, Health and protection. We have collected in the survey the current situations of disability people by considering the public and private movement mainly disability rights protection group in Mogadishu. The survey was conducted using call interviews in the internet and telephone lines for the 25 DPOs host of more than four thousand beneficiaries living in Mogadishu; the key capital city of the Somalia federal state where the mass gather and face to face meeting has been banned official with governmental degree in March and April 2020.

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Results Socio-Demographic Situations A total direct participants of 25 DPOs consists of Networks, Organizations, Schools, and IDPs that work for persons with disabilities (Figure.1). In the absence of reliable census data of persons with disabilities in Mogadishu, it’s estimated to be more than 15% of the populations. The direct interviews made in this survey, we have collected number of registered people with disabilities in Mogadishu that DPOs recorded with gender representation of Male 53% and Female 47% (Figure.2)

including children and old people, also contributing indirect participants. The recorded

demographic representation number of children is less than older people.

DPOs Sectors

IDPs

Organizations

22%

51%

schools 11% Networks 15%

Figure.1

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DPOs Registered Benefeciaries in Mogadishu 30%

27%

25%

25%

20%

15%

13%

10%

8%

7%

8%

7% 4%

5%

0%

Male

Figure.2

Female

Networks

Male

Female

Organizations

Male

Female

Male

Schools

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Female IDPs

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Before COVID-19 People with disability used to feed in the daily life food in two times of 55% of people, while 32% feed in onetime and 13% three times. Today after breakout of the pandemic disease; it was noted that people with all kind of disabilities face lack of economic empowerment. Today 69% eat food in two times while 27% eat onetime and 4% eat three times per day. Many of those living with a disability will not be able to go back to income source after the pandemic lockdown has cleared, some persons with disabilities were depended on begging other people in the markets, roads and busy places. While Majority of Somali families whose members of their families are PWDs used to depend on remittances from the diaspora.

Daily Food intake 80%

69%

70% 60%

55%

50% 40%

32% 27%

30% 20%

13%

10%

4%

0%

One time

Figure.3

Two Times Before

Three Times

After

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Livelihood Impacts Caused by NCOVID-19 The novel covid19 pandemic spread in Somalia cause livelihood insecurity for thousands people in the country where disease prevention actions the people take for their lives is making barrier the day to day market operations. Stay at home and social distance has created gap in the society where the poor people who dependent the work of the wealth people trades is faced unemployment and livelihoods restrictions The most vulnerable groups victim the lockdown and social distance are the PWDs persons with disabilities whom majority of them depend others for care, subside and charity. Fast majority of the disability are interdependent members of their families, relatives and humanitarian aid in the country. All these is damaged by the estate of the emergency imposed the government to mass movement and contact limitations. Many more disability depend on begging a charity from other people in the markets and public streets that is faced by the lockdown. The Novel COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of human daily lives, but its impacts are especially acute for people living with disabilities, who may struggle with challenges like finding normal livelihood stuffs, protection of rights, reliable and safe in-home shelter or physically adapting to enhanced public health problems. Long-time discussing with DPOs on existing situations, CHADD acknowledged that persons with disabilities face unique and heightened challenges and vulnerabilities in a time of pandemic, including equality of access to health care and supports, access to information and communications, mental health and social isolation and employment and income supports. Additional vigilance is also noted to protect the human rights of persons with disabilities during these times and this necessitates a disability inclusive approach to Government decision-making and action on preparedness and response plan of the NCOVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic takes a particularly heavy toll on people with disabilities and more efforts are needed to ensure they’re included in preparedness efforts to respond to the crisis while they face daily living challenges among the curfews or lockdown COVID-19 brought. The following has been discussed risks, barriers and the livelihood impacts of COVID-19 brought including Health or Medical, Nutrition, income, economy, psychosocial impacts and also protection of rights-Human Rights. THE IMPACT OF THE COVID19 LOCKDOWN TO THE SOMALI DISABILITY PEOPLE LIVELIHOOD

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Health Impacts – Disease at risk The PWDS Persons with disabilities share more with the society and the disease may affect equally with non-disabled people. Over 60% of the population in Somalia, lack adequate access to Healthcare. Health services are so limited in capacity that it’s must rely mainly on individuals and communities taking the correct measures. Although there are some vulnerability factors to the disability of attaining for medical, nutrition, movement and communication in the community. The disability people have variety impairment that may lead weakness for the disease, the deaf people may have problems access the media broadcast and awareness public and private. The blind people have sight impairment that may limit them identify mentioned risk symbols and materials in the environment. The disability people met greater challenges of ensuring the health safety, the DPOs respondents answered PWD cannot get the protective measures of preventing the diseases since they are don’t have enough money to buy. Nutrition is other factor that may risk great parts of the PWDs to the disease where some of them have poor nutrition and diet associated with lack of livelihood support and income source for the majority disability that are dependent to other groups family, relative and intuitions A Great number from the disability people feel daily life hardship and restrictions where most of the presented decrease of their income reduced to get their daily basic need for individual, family and groups. Some of them respond the daily food consumption is one time while very little of them access food consumption two times in the day. Most of them are not able to buy good food that is necessary for the diet. This may contribute vitamin deficiency for their body requirement and mineral supplementary which cloud protect their lives from the disease Social Distance Since the outbreak of the covid19 early this year 2020 the world sought best practice for the prevention of the disease spread is social distance the people should remain far from each other nearly one meter between every humans regardless of each, gender and sexy. This has introduced social stigma to the great parts of the people aging people and the disability who have especial need or impairment who most of them depend to other people in some ways the care, treatment, mobility, livelihood and other basic social human wants. THE IMPACT OF THE COVID19 LOCKDOWN TO THE SOMALI DISABILITY PEOPLE LIVELIHOOD

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Many people mistranslated the meaning of social distance has made double standing that violates the rights of other people in the society. The disability people become the second largest target discrimination of the covid19 because many people think that most persons with physical and sensory impairment are more vulnerable to the disease acquiring. Public discriminations In Somalia thousands of disabled people with variety impairment suffered different discriminations in the society. Where the people are trying to remain very far from the people approaching them particularly the disability people who may have impairment and dependence for mobility and guide.

The disabled people are abandoned alone for the social distance cue.

This made the day to day live for thousands disability people in Mogadishu particularly in the public palaces the market where they go for different reasons the work, shopping and begging. Public restriction Somalia federal government has issued statement for social restriction in the public to prevent the disease spread easily in the community. The government has closed the schools and mass employment intuitions early march 2020, and again in march the Benedir region governor and mayor of Mogadishu introduced lockout the day to day working hours to the 8mp in the evening the people in the 17 district of Banadir region Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia. Early April 2020 the federal government Somalia police commander issue statement imposing curfew the town in the nigh from 7mp in the evening in regard the social distance and the prevention of the covid19 pandemic spread in the country from the mass gathering in the markets and limitation for the public and private commuters access reduction.

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Economic recession Somalia is faced commercial restrictions from the global impact of the trade market shutdown where the number of shipping and air movement in the world is great damage to the Somalia trade. A country depending on most of the consumption import from the abroad. The federal government of Somalia ministry of commerce announced tax reduction and exemption for basic living items. The basic food consumption in the country increased in the months March, April and May where people will prepare for the holy month Ramadan and EidulFitri. Banking and Money Remittance Restrictions A war-torn country with decades of wars and anarchy that destroyed national economic infrastructures and damage to the Somalia socioeconomic

sources. That made Most of the

Somali people depend on cash from foreign countries remitted by member of their families and relatives in the abroad more than million Somalia nationals diaspora based in the worldwide where great money come to the country and the people directly through banking transactions. Most of the direct respondents undermined the majority of the disability are with their families in the homes not registered in the DPOs and the IDP camps. These people depend on the care and support from their families and relatives with support from member of their families based in the abroad. The global diaspora money send back money decline low more than 445 billion. Only the subSahara Africa nations lose more than 37 billion in less one year for the global economic and movement restrictions caused by the covid19. Somalia is part of the east Africa nation who dependent the remittance twice the other east Africa countries in the region. Current Humanitarian Service Access The target survey intuitions mentioned only two source of support as livelihood the Turkish Red crescent society ( Kisilay ) that provide wet food for nearly 900 persons with disabilities in some DPOs and WFP cash or food voucher for 500 persons with disabilities for some PWDs in the Banadir region mostly the IDP inter displaced People. This is very number out of the 450,000 four hundred t and fifty thousand. Disproportional respond and support, Forget employment and income generation program going in the country with millions dollar investment.

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Conclusion The impact of the covid19 to the livelihood of the Somalia disability people is great more than we can estimate. Because the PWDs Persons with disabilities in Somalia are great in number without role and representation the decision making organs in the country both socioeconomic, humanitarian and development where it’s common the exclusion of the national work plane and polices. This survey is tailored to raise the plight of the

one segment of the population who are most

vulnerable groups in the society isolated by the environment, culture, norms, policy and provisional constriction FGS federal government of Somalia. The survey covered the Banadir Region Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia the base for the vast majority of Somalia people, the harbour of the Somalia economic, base for international donors, and federal government with highest financial transaction and movement in the country and the development investment which exclusive without the support of the people with disabilities as beneficiary or actors the decision makers. Amid the covid19 pandemic that kill the lives of the venerable people in the society who are very weak physical and sensory

with strict income source for their daily live and basic need

management. The risk of these people is twice. Socioeconomic and Livelihood disaster for short time and log time to the disability people and their families. Therefore, robust response and intervention for the protection and prevention the covid19 impact from the 15% of the Somalia people is a vital that would need recognition the scale of the disaster and the role of the persons with disabilities mainstreaming. And the establishment of emergency, recovery and post recovery strategy that may contribute the solution of the problem.

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Global humanitarian Gap So today, with COVID-19, I want to stress that we are not only facing a global health pandemic but also a global humanitarian catastrophe. Millions of civilians living in conflict-scarred nations, including many women and children, face being pushed to the brink of starvation, with the spectre of famine a very real and dangerous possibility. This sounds truly shocking but let me give you the numbers: 821 million people go to bed hungry every night all over the world, chronically hungry, and as the new Global Report on Food Crisis published today shows, there are a further 135 million people facing crisis levels of hunger or worse. That means 135 million people on earth are marching towards the brink of starvation. But now the World Food Programme analysis shows that, due to the Coronavirus, an additional 130 million people could be pushed to the brink of starvation by the end of 2020. That’s a total of 265 million people. WFP Somalia Country Brief, March 2020 WFP is continuously reviewing its programmes and making necessary adjustments to minimise, as much as possible, risks of exposure to and transmission of COVID-19 for recipients of WFP’s assistance, including 

Providing two-months assistance (in-kind and cash based transfer entitlements) under relief, nutrition and livelihood programmes for April and May.

Suspending the use of fingerprint verifications for all nutrition activities. This move aims at minimising exposure and possible transmission of COVID-19 through finger printing, to already malnourished and vulnerable pregnant and lactating women and children.

Adding a home delivery feature on the WFP online mobile shopping application, eShop. This is now operational and in use in five locations. It will enable WFP beneficiaries, registered to shop, to order items online and request for home delivery at checkout, thereby reducing movement and enhancing physical distancing in line with the Government’s requirements.

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Recommendations To highlight the consequence of the covid19 to the Somalia disability people livelihoods in Mogadishu Banadir regions 

Insure inclusive for decision making organs and table for the covid19 in Somalia

Insure the quota of the PWDs for the covid19 work respond to reach the victims

Insure the participation of the PWDs the work plans, strategy and action plans

Insure to access for information sharing the people with variety impairments

Insure accessible for medical and communication service for the covid19 work

Utilization assistive technology and materials for the blind people in the country

Utilization sign language info graphics and audio for community outreach the deaf people

Insure inclusive for humanitarian and emergency respond program in the country

Insure active participation and engagement with the DPOs disabled people organizations

Take care of the CRPD implementation in Somalia for the respect of the disabled people universal rights

Insure inclusive for all MDG2030 implementation in Somalia where the PWDs have role

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Appendix I: DPOs Names No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Name of the Org/Institution IEDP Institute Education Disabled People Ala Amin Disability Center Xidid Disability Camp SAACID GAHEEYR Alcadaalo SANCO Centre Daynile Disability Camp Barkulan School SONAD Wadjir Deaf Yaqshiid Deaf Albasiir school for blind Alnasiib school for blind Midnim camp for blind people SAFDi

Type of the Institution Organization Organization IDP Organization IDP IDP Organization IDP IDP School School School School School IDP Organization

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

BOWDO Banadir Women Disability Organization SUB Somali Union for the Blind SAB Somali Association for the Blind Somali Center for Training Blind People CBR Somalia Network SODEN Somalia Disability Empowerment Network SDC Somali Disability Cluster National Disability Council Disabled Persons in Martini

Organization Organization Organization School Network Network Network Network IDP

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Appendix II: WHO Public Advice on prevention of COVID-19

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Appendix III: Reference −

COVID-19 response: Considerations for Children and Adults with Disabilities https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/wp-content/uploads/COVID-19-responseconsiderations-for-people-with-disabilities_190320.pdf

The

economic

and

financial

movement

restriction

of

covid19

https://goobjoog.com/saamaynta-dhaqaale-ee-coronavirus-ku-yeelan-doono-soomaaliya/ −

COVID-19: Who is protecting the people with disabilities? UNHR https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25725&LangID=E

WFP Chief warns of hunger pandemic as COVID-19 spreads (Statement to UN Security Council) https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-chief-warns-hunger-pandemic-covid-19-spreadsstatement-un-security-council

WFP Somalia Country brief March 2020 https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/wfpsomalia-country-brief-march-2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

Somalia: COVID-19 Impact Update No. 3 (As of 26 April 2020) https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-covid-19-impact-update-no-3-26-april-2020-enso

− Somalia COVID-19 Impact Update No.2 (As of 20 April 2020) https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-covid-19-impact-update-no2-20-april-2020-enso

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Somalia Disability Cluster Mr. Abdullahi Hassan Hussein Email: Abdullahisoda@hotmail.com Email: Somali.disability.cluster@gmail.com Mogadishu Somalia

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