graduation summery book

FURNITURE EXPO CTIY

DAMIETTA NEW CITY GRADUATION PROJECT I

MODERN SCIENCE & ARTS UNIVERSTY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHETECTURAL DEPARTMENT

"E 7"

Authors: E7

HANIN ELZOMOR 165397 KAREEM GHONEIM 160163 KHALED HOSNY 152791 MOHAMMED AHMED 152767 MOHAMED MAHMOUD 155009 NADA MOHAMED 153607 RAWAN HASSAN 165043 RAYAN MOHAMED 164939

2

THIS BOOK HAS BEEN DONE BY A GROUP OF SENIOR STUDENTS FOR THEIR GRADUATION PROJECT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHER ASSISTANTS AT MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY IN THE FALL SEMESTER OF YEAR 2019/2020

UNDER SUPERVISION OF : DR. SAMEH ELFEQY DR. OMAR FAWZY DR. GHADA GHAZALA DR. RASHA SAYED DR. RANIA ELMESSADY DR. DOAA ESSMAT DR. TAREQ ABDALSALAM

ARC. AL SHAIMA GALAL ARC. IRINE ARC. ISLAM AMR ARC. MERNA MOHAMED ARC. NARIMAN GAMIL ARC. RANA ADEL ARC. OMAR MOSTAFA ARC. SHERINE HUSSEIN ARC. SHERINE DAGHER ARC. TAHER ABDELGHANY ARC. YOUSRA ALAA

ABSTRACT City branding is a bureaucratic procedure which grants any city a recognizable identity. Nothing can support a city to have identity as strong as its residents. As long as the residents are satisfied and contented, then nothing can stop them from supporting and enhancing their city. satisfaction and contentment are what brings success and achievements (Wright, 2019). They are from the most considerable factors that influence humans' role in life and enhance their motivation making them intensify work in order to fulfill their desires and earn achievements. New Damietta city is very extraordinary and exceptional in the furniture industry because of the great talent that some of Damietta's residents own in this field. New Damietta recently is having a significant lack in exporting furniture. This results due to the city's and the lack of marketing to the furniture industry and the talent they possess. This led to a serious disappointment to Damietta's residents who work in this field also it led to a weak economic situation in a city that is considered from the marvelous productive cities in Egypt. This project aims to clarify how residents can work on branding to their city and give it a recognizable identity through their talent in the furniture industry and through resilient strategies. Based on a review of many surveys and many developing strategies for city branding. Which led to the importance of establishing an annual global expo in New Damietta city which will give them an opportunity to display furniture that was wasted and not exported, thus residents will be able to brand for their city through their talents, also making the city resilient through an expo that will stamp out the economy, furniture, unemployment problems. In conclusion This has been the appropriate solution to eliminate the problem of not exporting furniture and to brand for a resilient new city.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW …………………………………….……………………………

1.2 MAP LOCATION ………………………………………………………..……

1.3 ROAD ACCESSIBILITY …..……………………………………………........

CHAPTER II : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 HISTORY …………………………………………………………………

2.2 TIMELINE ………………………………………………..…………………

2.3 URBAN CHANGING DURING HISTORICAL PERIOD …………………

CHAPTER III : URBAN ANALYSIS 3.1 LANDUSE MAP…………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.2 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP……………………………………………………………………………..

3.3 BUILDING CONDITION MAP…………………………………………………………………………

3.4 SOLID AND VOID MAP ………………………………………………………………………..……….

3.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP …...…………………………………………………………………….…...

3.6 LANDMARKS .…………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.7 MENTAL MAP…………….………………………………………………..………………….………

3.7.1 SKYLINE …………….………………………………………………………………………...

3.7.2 RHYTHM AND REPETITION.………….……………………………………………...

3.7.3 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE …………………………………………………………………

3.7.4 TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS ………………………………………..…………..…..…

3.8 SOCIAL ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………………………..

3.9 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………….……...

3.10 CLIMATE ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………….……………………...

3.11 SWOT ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………...……………………………..

CHAPTER IV : PROJECT SELECTION 4.1 SITE INVESTIGATION…………………………………………………...…………………………

4.2 LIST OF PROPLEMS …..………………………………………………...……………………………..

4.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT …..…………………………………………...………………………..

4.4 PROJECT SCOPE …..………………..…………………………………...………………….……..

CHAPTER V : SITE SELECTION 5.1SITE SELECTION CRITERIA……………………………………..………

5.2 SITE I ………………………………………………………………......

5.2.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....

5.2.2 LANDUSE MAP …………………………………………..…....

5.2.3 BUILDING CONDITION MAP ………………………………..

5.2.4 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ………………………………...…

5.2.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...…………………………......

5.2.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...……………………….....

5.2.7 SOWT ANALYSIS ………………………………………….....

5.3 SITE II ….…………………………………...………………………...

5.3.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....

5.3.2 LANDUSE MAP ……………………………………………......

5.3.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ………………………………...…

5.3.4 BUILDING CONDITION MAP …………………………...…...

5.3.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...…………………………......

5.3.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...………………………......

5.3.7 SOWT ANALYSIS ………………………………………..…...

5.4 SITE III ….………………………………………………………...…...

5.4.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....

5.4.2 LANDUSE MAP ……………………………………………......

5.4.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ………………………………...…

5.4.4 BUILDING CONDITION MAP …………………………...…...

5.4.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...…………………………......

5.4.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...………………………......

5.4.7 SOWT ANALYSIS ………………………………………….....

5.5 SELECTED SITE …………………………………………………………

CHAPTER VI : DESIGN ISSUES 6.1 INTERACTION…………..………………………………………………...…………………….…………

6.2 CIRCULATION…………..………………………………………………...…………………….….…

6.3 FLEXABILITY …….……..………………………………………………...…………………….….…

6.4 COMFORT…….……….…..……………………………………………...………………….…….…

6.5 MOOD …….……….…..………………………..………………………...……………….……….…

6.6 IMAGE …..…………………………………………………………...……………………….………..

6.7 SECURITY …..…………………………………………………...…………………………………………..

6.8 SAFETY …..……………….………………………………...…………………………………………..…..

CHAPTER VII : CASE STUDIES 7.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES ………..…………….…………………...…..

7.1.1 EGYPT EXPO & CONVENTION AUTYORITY ….....…..

7.1.2 EGYPT INTRNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER ...…....

7.1.3 NUBIAN CULTURAL CENTER ………………………….

7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES …..…………….………………………..

7.2.1 PAVILLION OF HONOR…..………………………………

7.2.2 EXPO 2020 ………………………………………………...

7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES ……………………………..…..

7.3.1 NANJING ECO-TECH ISLAND EXHIBITION CENTER 7.3.2 SHIJIAZHAUNG INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTER ………………….…………...…

7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM ..…..…………………..

7.3.4 PEARLACADEMY OF FASHION …………....………...

CHAPTER VIII : SUSTAINABILITY 8.1 SUSTAINABILITY DEFINITION ………………………………………………

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ………………………………………

8.3 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY……………………………………….…...

8.4 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY…..………………………….……………………

8.5 GREEN BUILDING……..………………………………………………….….

8.6 LEED …………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER IX : DESIGN REQUIREMENS

9.1 DEMOGRAPHICS STUDIES …………………………………………………….

9.2 SPACE PROGRAM ………………………………………………………...…

9.3 STANDARDS & DESIGN GUIDLINES….…………………….………..

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK CHAPTER XI : BIBLIOGRAPHY

01 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I

CHAPTER I | INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVEREVIEW

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Damietta Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country with a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta. Meanwhile, New Damietta is an industrialized community that the new Urban Communities Authority founded 30 years ago. It has been an essential tourist attraction and with several ongoing housing and utility projects it is becoming a huge development area. New Damietta is located north of Damietta city, along the Mediterranean coast and 4.5 km away from New Damietta port. The city can be easily reached from Sinai through the international coastal road that connects the Arab East and the Arab West. New Damietta is spread over 6500 acres while it is expected to accommodate 500,000 inhabitants, including different sectors such as; Residential areas, Services sector, Industrial sector, Tourism sector, and Recreational sector.

1.2 MAP LOCATION

(Fig. 1.2.1) Nile Delta, Egypt (Google maps, Edited by author, 2019)

In conclusion, 1. New Damietta is located in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula. 27 00 N, 30 00 E. 2. The Nile delta is located in northern Egypt. The Delta begins approximately 20 km north of Cairo and extends North for about 150 km. At the coast the delta is about 250 km wide, from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east.

3. New Damietta was established by Cabinet decree (546/1980).It is located along the Mediterranean Sea and it is 4.5 Km far from New Damietta Port

CHAPTER I | INTRODUCTION 1.3 ROAD ACCESSIBILITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

(Fig. 1.3.1) roads (Googlemaps, Edited by author, 2019)

ROAD I Al Mansoura - Gamasa 198 km,3 h 41 min Rd/Al Mansoura The International Coastal Road.

ROAD II Ismailia Desert Rd and 269 km,3 h 35 min Ismailia Port Said Rd

ROAD III Alexandria Desert 264 km 4 h 13 min Rd/Route 75M and Al Mansoura - Gamasa Rd/AlI Mansoura The International Coastal Rd

02 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER II : THIS CHAPTER ILLUSTRATES THE HISTORY OF NEW DAMIETTA STARTING FROM THE EARLY DECADES TILL NOWADAYS SHOWING ALL THE IMPORTANT EVENTS AND CONFLICTS OVER TIME AND HOW THIS EVENTS AFFECTED THE SOCIAL LIFE THERE. BESIDES THE URBAN CHANGES THAT NEW DAMIETTA HAS WITNESSED AS A RESULT OF THE VARIOUS HISTORIC EVENTS, THESE CHANGED CREATED NEW DAMIETTA.

CHAPTER II | Historical BACKGROUND 2.1 TIMELINE

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

CHAPTER II | Historical BACKGROUND 2.2 HISTORY OF FURNITURE

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

OVERVIEW: Egypt has a long tradition in the manufacture of furniture that spans decades, if not millennia, during which the Egyptian craftsman was subjected to various influences that similarly affected Egyptian c ulture and thought.These include Coptic, Islamic, French, and British influences that are still visible in households and furniture in Egypt today.In the early 20th century, foreign French and Italian steel furniture manufacturing companies began appearing throughout Egypt to meet their needs with the i nflux of foreign minorities. With the increase in production and the rise of the 1952 regime, furniture imports were ended in the early fifties and exports started by the end of the decade. Throughout the 60s and early 70s exports were mainly targeting the former Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc.

Egyptian furniture began to reach western markets during the latter half of the seventies. By the 198 0s, however, the price of the furniture items deteriorated, and Egypt began to import furniture

(Fig. 2.2.1) Chairs Along eras (Pinterest, 2019)

Chairs along eras, Seats are perfect way to illustrate different periods and styles. The chair is a witness to the evolution of interiors, functionality..etc therefore a perfect way to show the history of design and show how global movements have overlapped.

2.3 URBAN CHANGING

(Fig. 2.3.1) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2004.

Edited by author,2019)

(Fig. 2.3.2) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2007 .

Edited by author,2019)

2004 New Damietta had lack of services comparing to the number of the residential buildings

2007 New Damietta started to expand over the nearby lands with residential buildings.

Solids in New Damietta

CHAPTER II | Historical BACKGROUND 2.3 URBAN CHANGING

(Fig. 2..3) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2011 .

Edited by author,2019)

2011 New Damietta has a new area of commercial buildings and services.

(Fig. 2.3.5) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2017 .

Edited by author,2019)

2017 New residential compounds were built in front of the sea.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

(Fig. 2.3.4) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2013 .

Edited by author,2019)

2013 With the expansion of New Damietta, new road network was made to connect all areas together.

(Fig. 2.3.6) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2019. Edited by author,2019)

2019 New Damietta increased the water front buildings to increase the tourism.

Solids in New Damietta

In conclusion, • New Damietta from 2004 till 2011 faced a lot of urban changes that made it go from a desert land to agricultural land.

• These changes has led to an increase in human population and increase in different urban sectors • While people’s desire to move on forward and change their lifestyle to be more functional has increased.

• New Damietta has great historical events that had a colossal impact on it, and each event has its special effect on New Damietta’s architecture features in which: • New Damietta has witnessed various styles of architecture from Ancient Egyptian period to the 21st century.

• People moved from different places bringing their knowledge, ideas and different styles to New Damietta.

03 URBAN ANALYSIS CHAPTER III : THIS CHAPTER ILLUSTRATED A COMPLETE ANALYSIS FOR THE CURRENT CONDITIONS IN NEW DAMIETTA. THIS ANALYSIS INCLUDING LAND USE MAPS, BUILDING ANALYSIS: HEIGHT AND CONDITIONS, ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD HIERARCHY, SOLID AND VOID MAP, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, PUBLIC SERVICES AND LANDMARKS AND SKYLINE OF BUILDINGS .

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.1 LAND USE MAPS

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

(Fig 3.1.1), land-use, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

RESIDENTIAL

EDUCATIONAL

RELIGIOUS

COMMERCIAL

Industrial (Fig 3.1.2), chart showing land-use, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

%60

%3

%20

%8

%9

According to site visit research and urban and planning commission, This map crystallize the high percentage of residential buildings in land use of New Damietta , then Industrial come in the second place where they are existing strongly Industrial area ,(Author 2019)

3.2 BUILDING HEIGHTS

(Fig 3.2.1), building heights, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

0-5 m

5-10 m

10-15 m

%6

%52

%20

15-20 m

(Fig 3.2.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

Building in New Damietta characterized by its low heights, where most of buildings consist of two stories ,which is the majority found in different ranges of heights like 2-3 stories that mainly found in residential and buildings. Also, it was found that there are more than 5 stories, but they are the second category including factories . lastly, these difference in heights are pointed to using of different structure materials and different structure system.(Author 2019)

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CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.3 BUILDING CONDITION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

%3

%81

%16

(Fig 3.3.1), building condition, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

good

bad

middle

(Fig 3.3.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

This analysis shows that the percentage of beam and column structure decreased, and other structures increased. Beam and column was the most famous building material used in Damietta ; steel structures increases at the industrial region. (Author, 2019)

3.4 SOLID AND VOID

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%58

(Fig 3.4.1), solid and void, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

Solid

void

(Fig 3.4.2), chart showing solid and void, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

According to site visit investigation , this map demonstrate the solid and void of New Damietta; a high density of solid is concentrated within the center of the city and in middle of the map.

(Author, 2019).

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.5 ROAD HIERARCHY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

%30

%60

%10

(Fig 3.5.1), road hierarchy, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

main

local

secondary

(Fig 3.5.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

This map shows the varieties of road hierarchy in width and in relations between them. Generally, the roads are planned or with a grid; all roads have well connections to each other. According to site visit research firstly, the main road(lavender line) with width 15m as it's one where highway exist. Secondly, the sub-road (brown line) is with width 9-10m and all of it finished with asphalt.

Thirdly, as for minor road (tan lines ).

3.6 LANDMARKS.

1 6 7

5 43 2

(Figure 3.6.1) New Damietta Map (Google maps, 2019)

1.Atlantis Resort - New Damietta

2.Industrial Zone

3. Damietta Military Hospital

4. Central Park, New Damietta

5. Faculty of Science 6.Damietta University, Faculty of Commerce

7.New Damietta Stadium

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.7 MENTAL MAP

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

3.7.1 Skyline An outline of the sky described land and buildings.

(Figure 3.7.1.1) Skyline (Authors, 2019)

A skyline is the horizon created by a city's overall structure, or by human intervention in a non-urban setting or in nature.

3.7.2 RHYTHM AND REPETITION Rhythm in architecture is defined as “A unifying movement characterized by a patterned repetition or alteration of formal elements or motifs in the same or a modified form.�

1. it shows they repeat the windows horizontally by couple of windows which makes the building more defined and clearer.

2. it shows the contrast and the harmony of the elevation which is connected to each other 3. repeating the cluster of the windows makes the person feel more comfortable

(Figure 3.7.1.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019)

(Figure 3.7.1.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019)

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.7 MENTAL MAP

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

3.7.3 Architecture style These elements that started to appear in New Damietta’s building might be occurred because the appearance of new materials and technology in construction and also due to the different needs of people to adapt with quick era and environment.

(Figure 3.7.3.1) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019)

(Figure 3.7.3.3) University (Google maps, 2019)

(Figure 3.7.3.2) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019)

(Figure 3.7.3.4) Mixed use Building (Google maps, 2019)

3.7.4 Transportation Analysis

Motorbike used as private transportation method.

Micro-bus or a mini van for public and specially for foreign Normally used as a private transportation in New Damietta transportation. As it might be owned by (5 people) someone or rented for a certain group A transportation used specially in business field there,: as to carry heavy good and stuff

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.8 SOCIAL ANALYSIS.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

The new Damietta is new city. That pretends from its’ name. The most inhabitant comes from Old Damietta . So they have the same tradition. Many events forms their habits.

3.8.1 Traditions Heresy Of Purity :One of the most important characteristics of "Kafr alMelon" is the heresy of purity, in which large sums of money are collected on various occasions of circumcision, marriage and wedding. There's someone sitting in the basement to collect the item, and he's got a greedy paycheck. There's also a "microphone sausage" that's specialized for the person who broadcasts the songs and can provide "five“

Homs and the owners of the way: the funeral in the city was usually provided by uncle "Homs", and next to him the owners of the Shazlya way to read all prayers and verses of the Holy Quran with the presence of the campaign of al-BayrakHariri, with names such as "Muhammad", "Abu Bakar", "Osman" and "Ali“

Homs and the owners of the method: tattoos: it is to dig a needle that protects the fire in a certain way and is carried out by the Gypsies during the birth of Aboalaati.Copts paint a cross and Muslims paint popular images such as a lion carrying a sword, a fish or a sailboat. The tradition in Egypt ended and we saw it in Europe in advanced forms among the young "modern“ Stitching. In the villages and the edges of cities, the stitched tree grows, and its fruit produces a highly viscous substance. The boys pick the fruit and prepare the branches of the tree with this stitching so the small bird's step and paste With the substance, it's easy to catch it alive, where it's sold on the market. In the phase Clothes of the deceased: It is forbidden in all pictures that one of the brothers or relatives wear the clothes of the deceased, it is a cause for pessimism, and it is taken out as a charity for the poor and the poor.

Conclusion There are many events( the marriage , the funerals &The birth of Aboalaati) reflects their tradition. life in Damietta have many uniqe tradition compared to other cities of Egypt.

CHAPTER III URBAN ANALYSIS 3.9 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Economic sustainability’ refers to maintaining all the natural resources we use to make future generations appreciate them as well. How could this be achieved? Simply by balancing the rate of consumption of resources produced.

3.9.1 Economic development in general: Looking to reduce the environmental and social effects.

Providing a legacy of knowledge, training, expertise and experience that can be passed on to the next generation.

Renewable energy production and distribution. To move closer to a more inclusive stage.

(Crossrail Environment Report, 2017) 3.9.2 Several Economic Themes-in-General: 1- economic development 2-community economic development 3-labor market development 4-infrastructure 5-tourism 6-industry 3.9.3 Economic sustainability applications in Architecture : To achieve economic sustainability, urban planning, architectural designs, and elements. According to environmental activists, "The Living Principles of Design," economic sustainability is concerned with behavior and issues that affect how people and organizations meet their basic needs, develop and define economic success.(Suzan Nihad report,2016)

3.10 SWOT ANALYSIS. •

STRENGTHS

investment city that attracts the businessmen OPPORTUNITIES

• •

The new city absorbs population.

Informal growth on agricultural land.

•

New Damietta on the Mediterranean coast, 4.5 km from the port of New Damietta.

•

The city can be easily reached through Sinai

• •

The need of jobs Lost of workers limps

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

Conclusion: In tis chapter shows the urban analysis of new Damietta city that will help to present the chosen sites and focus on the problem of new Damietta from the analyses that was made.

04 PROJECT SELECTION CHAPTER IV: NEW DAMIETTA IS RICH WITH SEVERAL POTENTIALS, CULTURES AND TRADITIONS THAT DESERVE TO BE A WORLDWIDE FOCAL POINT. HOWEVER, THE EXISTANCE OF SEVERAL PROBLEMS THAT CAUSED DETERIORATION OF ITS CULTURE HERITAGE. SO, THE REVIVAL OF THE CULTURE HERITAGE IS THE MAIN AIM FOR THE SELECTED PROJECT .

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.1 SITE INVESTIGATION INTERVIEWS According to the site investigation during the site visit that covered out many interviews, These interviews were made with different members of the community among different ages and different social standards. Those upcoming 6 interviews were the most common in opinions related to the rest .

Interviewee 1 Hussein: A man in his early 60’s who lived his life working in carpentry work especially in furniture Hussein believes that the furniture industry in Damietta is going through an unsteady phase, especially in small workshops that do not have high potential and quality compared to other large workshops or factories

Interviewee 2 Shady: young man in his mid 20’s who raised to find his father and uncles working in carpentry work and furniture industry Shady is a guy who’s full of energy and potential as well as he believes in his profession and working on developing his family’s workshop as well as developing his talent. He sees that Damietta’s youth are full of energy and can give the maximum but what all they need is the opportunity and sort of marketing to their work and talent in order to be known and let people be able to see and discover it.

Interviewee 3 Ahmed: Works in New Damietta’s city authority. In his mid 30’s.

He said that New Damietta is a sustainable urban city that complements the city of Damietta to achieve global competitiveness in the furniture industry and serve the north and east of the delta in service, tourism and commerce. As he talked also about Damietta’s residents and their talent in the furniture industry and also he stated that the city is trying to put a strategic plan to solve the lack of marketing that the city’s face.

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.1 SITE INVESTIGATION

Interviewee 4 Gamal Aly: A man in his late 50’s who lived his life working in carpentry work in a small workshop and in his 40’’s he established a factory, and he recognized the difference.

Gamal recognized that the furniture manufacturing in factories have a higher quality than that in the Small workshops as well as the furniture industry in factories have its clients whom prefer the finishing and the quality of the factory other than the workshops.

Interviewee 5 Ismail Younis: A man in his mid 30s who’s working in the furniture manufacturing for 10 years.

Ismail is working in a workshop that is far away from the center of the city and he claimed that there are a lot of workshops near him that cannot be reached by the clients because they’re far from the center. This led them to expose there products in a bigger workshops in the center of the city. These workshops purchase for their item with a lower price than the usual.

Interviewee 6 Madame Layla: A housewife in her 50’s and she admires the furniture in Damietta and the wood products the most.

She said that she always likes to buy her house furniture from Damietta but lately she started to recognize that the quality of the products got low due to the lack of marketing and opportunities.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, After the interviews with different members of New Damietta among different ages and social standards as ( Labors, investors and clients). They clarified that there’s more opportunity in working in factories instead of the small workshops because of the products’ quality. The quality plays an important role in the marketing and exporting movement. As well as the location of the project has an effect in attracting people specially if it’s located in the center of the city.

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.2 LIST OF PROBLEMS

Transportation

Marketing/ City Branding

Difficulty in transportation for the laborers in the in industrial zone in new Damietta.

Electricity

Economy

Affects the productivity movement in the industrial zone because of the power outages

Tourism

Land scarcity Inability to get license, that led to high land prices

Accommodation

Sewage (Fig. 4.2.1) Observed problems ( Authors, 2019).

Site investigation clarified that New Damietta has many problems that affects the city ( Socially, Economically , Culturally). And these observed problems affects the furniture industry movement on all aspects As shown in (Fig. 4.2.1) Observed problems These observed problems are classified into main aspects, Firstly the marketing or the city branding problem which is the project’s scope, this problem affects the city socially, economically and culturally. Secondly, the lack of tourism that affect the city’s economy. Other problems that affect the city’s infrastructure as the land scarcity, electricity and transportation.

City Branding/ Marketing New Damietta is a remarkable city in the furniture business in view of the incredible ability that Damietta's community possess in this field .New Damietta recently is having significant lack in exporting furniture. This results due to the city's lack of advertising and publicity to the furniture business and the ability and potentials they be endowed with.

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Identity, talent and heritage devastation “As a result of the obstacles that faced New Damietta city in the furniture industry and marketing movement, New Damietta’s potentials and talents are starting to fade away. So, this project aims to reinvigorate this city again” New Damietta has a strong identity in the furniture manufacturing field, since the great talent that Damietta's residents own in this field. New Damietta recently is having a significant lack in exporting furniture. This results due different reasons such as high prices of the raw material and the global rescission but the main reason lack of marketing to the furniture industry and the talent they possess. This led to a serious disappointment to Damietta's residents who work in this field also it led to a weak economic situation. New Damietta also faces high challenge with many cities in china while the Chinese furniture has lower costs than the furniture manufactured in New Damietta, so that could lead to great financial loses a large number of the laborers may lose their work. Subsequently, their talent and the city’s identity started to blur away bit by bit.

(Fig. 4.3.1) Conserving Damietta’s talents( Authors, 2019).

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.4 PROJECT SCOPE

Justification Project scope Why New Damietta?

The capital of the Egyptian furniture industry,

New Damietta is a sustainable urban city that complements the city of Damietta to achieve global competitiveness in the furniture industry and serve the north and east of the delta in service, tourism and commerce. Damietta is viewed as the first and greatest industrial zone spent significant time in manufacturing furniture and valuable ventures in the Middle East just as one of the promising modern segments in Egypt. The Egyptian furniture item, particularly the great high quality of handmade in Damietta, appreciates a decent notoriety around the world, prompting opening new markets for its exportation on household, territorial and worldwide levels .

Why Furniture industry ?

Damietta was recognized by furniture industry a large number of years back as the old Egyptians worked in horticulture particularly tree manor which helped them to get the required wood for manufacturing furniture. In this way, they got proficient in this industry, and this was portrayed on sanctuaries' dividers. The Egyptians acquired this specialty and prevailing with regards to trading wood items and setting up furniture shows abroad particularly in the European Union nations.

EXPO CITY This project’s aim is the city branding to preserve Damietta’s identity, culture and talents in the furniture industry by establishing an expo city that will complements their talent and give them the ability to expose their furniture industry which they’re famous for. In addition it aims to promote tourism and market for Damietta in the commercial and exporting field What is Expo?

Expos are worldwide occasions devoted to discover new solutions for major difficulties confronting humanity by offering an adventurous journey within a picked theme by creating interacting and mesmeric exercises. Composed and encouraged by governments and uniting nations, countries and global associations

The main four keywords of the project “The 4 E’S” Expose

Export

Expose New Damietta's city and its talents through exposing the furniture.

Exporting the city’s identity through exporting furniture after exposing it in the expo.

Expand Expand in the city’s investments and marketing.

Expect Expect more and more in developing the city’s talents and image.

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.4 PROJECT SCOPE PROJECT APPROACH

Culture approach Concentrating and confirming on New Damietta’s culture and heritage that started long ago, Also focusing on the traditional techniques.

Social approach Targeting the community of New Damietta who can work together among different ages as the youth, professional carpenters and stakeholders on branding to their city and through their talent and potentials in the furniture manufacturing.

Economic approach Targeting Damietta’s residents through their talents, is the way to raise the economic level, as well as raising the individual income and provide more job opportunities. Introducing traditions to different people and countries are an effective way to preserve the identity of the city and also it’s a sort of attraction to the tourists.

TARGETED GROUPS The groups or the targeted members whom are meant to work on the project to stand out.

Youth Youth are the power of any community. They are the main factors for this project to stand out. They‘re having the energy and the potentials to achieve the project’s scope.

Professional carpenters Community of New Damietta specially men ( 40 – 60) years have been working in this profession long ago. It is not just a profession it’s a talent that we need it to remain forever.

Investors Attracting investors is from the main aspects of the project as they will be a main part in solving the furniture exporting problem.

TARGETED USERS Local residents Local residents of new Damietta including all members with different ages and different social standards.

Tourists Attracting tourists could be a marketing tool for the project as well as attracting them to the project will help in raising the economic level of New Damietta.

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

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4.4 PROJECT SCOPE STRATEGIES Identification

1- Identification for the needs and the requirements.

-For Local residents -For the profession workers -For investors -For Tourists

Analyzing needs

Categorization

2- Categorize groups and observe the needs for each targeted group.

Action plan

Community participation

3- Action plan is set in the project to attract the targeted users/ groups.

Evaluation

4- Community’s participation in achieving a common objective and also to participate in decision making.

5- Evaluation for the project after achieving these strategies as well as monitoring and reviewing these strategies.

Monitoring and reviewing

(Fig. 4.4.1) Project strategies (Authors, 2019).

OBJECTIVES Preservation

1- Preserve culture, identity and Damietta’s heritage in furniture manufacturing through a futuristic way.

Community participation

2- Community participation among different ages in order to brand for their city.

3- Targeting Damietta’s community through their potentials and talents to help in raising the economic level and achieving some of the project approaches.

4- Attract tourists and residents from different cities in Egypt to new Damietta.

5- Achieve the sustainability on 3 main aspects: Social, economical and environmental.

6- Marketing and branding strategies on both local and global.

Attraction

Sustainable approaches

Marketing

(Fig. 4.4.2) Project objectives (Authors, 2019).

CHAPTER IV | PROJECT SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

4.4 PROJECT SCOPE

BRANDING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 1- The city will organize an international expo and invites most of the people interested in the industry including large number of investors, candidate, local residents and governmental members.

2-The city could be developed through the use of the importance of location such as it located on strategic location on the Mediterranean Sea.

3- Organizing international conferences in order to attract the maximum number of visitors for the city for the first time then use the available popular sponsors.

4-promoting for the future investment opportunities for the city

Main Functions

Expo zone

Exhibition zone.

Training & development center zone

Entertainment zone

Management & administration

(Fig. 4.4.3) Project main functions (Authors, 2019).

CONCLUSION According to the site investigation and literature reviews that helped in covering the interviews and identifying the problem of New Damietta. New Damietta is having a serious problem which is the identity, heritage and talent devastation that resulted from the lack of marketing and branding strategies for New Damietta city. New Damietta is a sustainable urban city that complements the city of Damietta to achieve global competitiveness in the furniture industry and serve the north and east of the delta in service, tourism and commerce and its located on the Mediterranean sea which is a good location that could be used in marketing and branding for the city. The chosen project to preserve Damietta’s identity, culture and talents in the furniture industry was to establishing an expo that will complement their talent as well as promote for tourism and acts as branding tool as well.. Through targeting the suitable users/ groups for the project as well as setting a branding strategy and objectives that will help also in achieving the project approaches.

05 SITE SELECTION CHAPTER V : CHOOSING SITE PROCESS IS BASED ON CRITERIA DESIGNED TO CHOOSE THE MOST SUITABLE ONE FOR THE SELECTED PROJECT. THIS CRITERIA INCLUDES A COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT SITES THROUGH: SITE LOCATION, LAND USE MAP, BUILDING HEIGHT AND CONDITION MAPS, ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD HIERARCHY, SOLID AND VOID MAP, ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION AND SWOT ANALYSIS FOR EACH SITE. THESE VARIOUS ANALYSIS LEAD TO A CONCLUDING THE MOST APPROPRIATE SITE. .

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Site selection criteria is the process of examining multiple options and assessing their relative advantages and disadvantages. There are some characteristics to be noticed as shown in (fig.1) Community

Landmarks Regulations Site services

Accessibility

Views

Flexibility

(Fig 5.1.1) Site selection Criteria, (Author, 2019).

1-Community: The community of New Damietta is the dynamo of the project, due to their talent

in the furniture industry.

2-Landmarks: Landmarks nearby the site will attract people, tourists, investors to the project and will also help in the project’s vision and main objective which is the city branding

3-Regulations: New Damietta was an extension for Damietta to solve its problems and for a new developments and investments to take place so, the selected site must be without any governmental regulations 4-Accessibility: Easy accessibility to the site is very important for any kind of project., especially in New Damietta, most of the empty lands are nearby landmarks and services and this will make the site reachable and accessed later.

5-Flexibility: The targeted project “Expo is very flexible and can be extended in the future due to the fact that it is based on the community’s talent in the field of the furniture industry and related to their heritage, so its reflection and consequences will remain the same on the selected sites 6- Views: The site should be located to a good view and surroundings to help in the project’s aim and vision which is the city branding.

7-Site services: In a site selection, especially in big projects scale or investments, there should be some site services nearby related to water supplies and electricity and other services.

(Fig 5.1.2) SITE I, NEW DAMIETTA (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.1.3) SITE II, NEW DAMIETTA (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.1.4) SITE III, NEW DAMIETTA (Author, 2019).

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

5.2 SITE I

SITE I the new Damietta is a famous area known for wood handcraft which is found in the factories and workshops, which explain the feeling of the experience of furniture manufacturing, the main strong point of this area that is near the sea and the port

(Fig 5.2.1), SITE I , New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

5.3 SITE II

New Damietta is located north of Damietta city, along the Mediterranean coast and 4.5 km away from New Damietta port. The city can easily be reached through the international coastal road connecting the Arab East and the Arab West through Sinai.

The Aswan High Dam built to retain Nile water that once used to flood annually, has increased Egypt’s cultivatable land by 30% and doubled its electricity output. The construction of sea barrages along this stretch of coastline has done much to protect the coast from further erosion.

Lack Transportation, Workers (Fig 5.3.1)SITE II, NEW DAMIETTA, google maps, edited by theAuthor,2019. residence and Entertainment

SITE II

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

5.4 SITE III

SITE III

In Conclusion, the new Damietta is a famous area known for wood handcraft which is found in the factories and workshops, which explain the feeling of the experience of furniture manufacturing, the main strong point of this area that is near the sea and the port

(Fig 5.4.1), SITE III, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

SITE 1

SITE 2

Very Good

Good

The selected site is SITE 1

Bad

SITE 3 According to the site section criteria and urban analysis we made a comparative analysis between the three sites, the site has no critical problem may affect the project and site two and three did not match the criteria.

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION 5.5 SITE I

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

5.5.1 LANDUSE MAP

%55

%8

%15

%13

%14

RESIDENTIAL RELIGIOUS

Industrial EDUCATIONAL COMMERCIAL (Fig 5.5.1.1), land-use, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

5.5.2 BUILDING CONDITION MAP

(Fig 5.5.1.2), chart showing landuse, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

%7

%80

good

%13 bad

middle (Fig 5.5.2.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.5.2.1), building condition, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION 5.5 SITE I

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

5.5.3 BUILDING HEIGHT MAP

%6

%52

%20

%22

0-5 m

5-10 m 10-15 m

15-20 m (Fig 5.5.3.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.5.3.1), building heights, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

5.5.4 ACCESSIBILITY & ROAD HEIRARCHY

%30

%60

%10

main secondary local (Fig 5.5.4.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.5.4.1), road hierarchy, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

CHAPTER VI SITE SELECTION 5.5 SITE I

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

5.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHS

• Near the owners of the factories • Good view

• 4.5km away from New Damietta port • easily to reached • Near the factories • Near to the sea

SWOT ANALYSIS

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

• •

Informal growth on agricultural high population density

loss of agricultural Lack of entertainment

the new Damietta is a famous area known for wood handcraft which is found in the factories and workshops, which explain the feeling of the experience of furniture manufacturing, the main strong point of this area that is near the sea and the port, According to the site section criteria and urban analysis we made a comparative analysis between the three sites, the site has no critical problem may affect the project and site two and three did not match the criteria.

06 DESIGN ISSUES CHAPTER VI : THE DESIGN ISSUES IN THIS CHAPTER MAY SERVE THE FURNITURE EXPO TO MAKE IT INTERACTIVE WITH THE SURROUNDING CONTEXT AND TO BE A PART OF IT. BESIDES MAKING PEOPLE EXPLORE AND INTERACT MORE WITH THE PROJECT.

39

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.1 INTERACTION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

6.1.1 General definition: The success or effect of things on the perceivers (J Reich ,2017).

6.1.2 Architectural definition: A series of acts of a person or group identified on the basis of planned zones (Usman Haque, 2011) ’ • Group interaction • Social interaction

Fig (6.1.1 ) interaction (Pinterest) 2019

• Interaction: It is very important in the proposed project • Interaction between users and other interaction between two or more socially in sharing ideas .

• Interaction with users and building: The contact between users and the current building that they are inside is important for exploring and having something to do so that the user can engage indoors and outdoors.

• Interaction between the background of the surrounding building: the relationship between the surrounding envir onment as the building of the climate must be solid, so that the building stays in the surrounding conditions, not abnormal.

Fig (6.1.3 ) interaction between people (Pinterest) 2019

Fig (6.1.4 ) interaction between people and building (Pinterest) 2019

Fig (6.1.2 ) daily interaction activities (Pinterest) 2019

Fig (6.1.5 ) interaction between people and space (Pinterest) 2019

6.2 CIRCULATION 6.2.1 General Definition Circulation is the transfer or move of anything from place to place or from person to person.

6.2.2 Architectural Definition Is the direction that connects spaces inside or outside and also connects the other spaces.(Ching, 2017).

Horizontal Circulation is the circulation in zones and between buildings such as. (Pathway/corridors and travellator) Pass Through Spaces • The path will move through a gap in an axial, obliquely or along its side.In cutting Through a space, • The route establishes within it a pattern of rest and activity

Fig.( 6.2.3.1), Circulation in Boston City Hall, (Pinterest, n.d), (Authors, 2019 ).

Fig(6.2.3.2), Pass by Spaces (Author, 2019).

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.2 CIRCULATION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Terminate In A Space • The location of the space establishes the path • This path-space relationship is used to approach and enter, functionally or symbolically important spaces Main corridors Used in the middle between the main elements of the project to Fig.(6.2.3.4), Terminate In A Fig. (6.2.3.3), Pass Through Spaces accommodate a large number of Space , (Author, 2019). , (Author, 2019). users.

Secondary corridors It flows out from the main ones and they connect all the secondary elements to the pathways and they are less in width Travellator -Known as moving walkways it is a transport mechanism that move people safely along level ground. (Consulting engineer, 2015).

Fig. (6.2.3.5), Moving walkway , (Author, 2019).

-It used in large area such as airports.

Applications Main pathways transfers the users through the main element of the project such as Handicrafts, social life and historical background. And the secondary pathways transfers the users through the secondary elements such as festivals, materials, Construction, language and wedding ceremonies.

Vertical Circulation is the circulation between floors such as Fig. (6.2.3.6), Circulation in Boston City ( Stairs, elevator, ramps and escalator).

Hall , (Pinterest, n.d), (Authors, 2019).

Stairs • Stairs are not suitable for People with special needs.

• It use to reach multi story building Elevators • Used in high rise buildings.

• Suitable for People with special needs.

• It makes easy movement.

• Outside elevator used to connect the user with exterior spaces.

Fig. (6.2.3.7), stairs, (Author, 2019).

Fig. 5.2.3.8), inside elevators , (Author, 2019).

Fig. (5.2.3.9), outside elevators ,(Author, 2019).

Fig. (6.2.3.10), sloped elevators , (Author, 2019).

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.2 CIRCULATION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Escalators • Not suitable for People with special needs.

• It use to reach multi story building .

• -Used in malls, metro and hyper markets.

Ramps • Used for People with special needs.

• Move people from one floor to another .

• Used in malls, museum and entrances.

Applications • Stairs are used in all buildings as a main vertical circulation. Fig.( 6.2.3.11), Gogy Antony parking , • Escalators are used in large spaces and all the buildings (Authors, 2019).

• exceeding 10 floors.

• Ramps and Elevators are used for handicapped and must • be in the project.

Parking It is a place created to avoid crowded and parking is allowed.

Fig.( 6.2.3.12),Outside horizontal parking Types of parking: , (Wired, 2016).

• Horizontal.

• Vertical.

Applications • Visitors and workers can park their cars in outside building.

Fig. (6.2.13),Inside vertical parking, (Pinterest, n.d).

Fig.( 6.2.15),Circulation in Adrereamellalecohotel in Siwa (designboom | architecture & design magazine, 2017).

6.3 FLEXIBILITY

Fig.( 6.2.16),Circulation in Adrere-amellalecohotel in Siwa , designboom | architecture & design magazine, 2019).

Fig.( 6.2.14),Inside horizontal parking , (Gothia towers, n.d).

Fig.( 6.2.17), Ramp inside Museum , (Guggenheim, n.d), (Authors, 2019).

6.3.1 General definition: the amount of change that happens and the degree of presence of that change can be defined in three specific forms 6.3.2 Architectural definition: refers to a building's capacity to the constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture needs...all in all, however, they have turned it into a style away from the original ambition: make flexibility an actual functional principle

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.3 FLEXIBILITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Fig (6.3.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

Type A :

Type B :

Type c two story house :

Stacking house :

Importance of flexibility : The importance of flexibility in architectural design is to make a design that can transfer its function to anot her function • The possibility to move the components found in your zone.

• Refers to the ability of a building to adapt its spatial design and function continuously to changing need Data and analytics may actually provide a better un derstanding and prediction of the built environment Examples for different types of flexibility: • Adaptability • Transferability • Convertibility

Adaptability different elements, such as users or climate, can be modified in response to external stimuli

Fig (6.3.2) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

Flexibility is defined within three types:

Transformability (Including two sub-sets – mobile and responsive): buildings – in a fixed location – which can alter their form, configuration and property, for a requirement or purpose

Convertibility It involves changing the building's purpose through a certain amount of building work.

Convertibility preparation during the design phase,

volume flexibility is The capacity to change the volume of production. After the update time, we measure it by the fraction of total unit cost.

Space versatility refers to a building's ability to constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture to changing needs. ...

And semi-automation may help adapt the layout of space in almost real time while maximizing the comfort and space efficiency of users

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.3 FLEXIBILITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

• In conclusion: The greatest benefit of versatile architecture is the ability to remain relevant and useful as time goes on in the built environment.

•

Occupying needs can change dramatically even within a decade,

6.4 COMFORT

Fig (6.3.3) Furniture flexibility (Pinterest, 2018)

6.4.1 GENERAL METHOD :

lighting

We act as though comfort and luxury were the chief requirements of life. All that we need to make us happy is something to be enthusiastic about. (Charles Kingsley) 6.4.2 ARCHITECTURE METHOD : Comfort is a metaphor that means the stage at which one reaches a sense of relaxation, contentment and thermal comfort visual comfort contentment with what one has achieved, and adapts to it with a mental boundary that gives him an unreal sense of security and limits his ability to set off and innovate at the same time.

6.4.3 Aspects of comfort include: o thermal comfort Indoor air quality health and wellbeing o lighting o health and wellbeing o Indoor air quality noise nuisance o visual comfort Fig (6.4.1) Aspects of comfort, (Authors, 2019) o noise nuisance

Thermal Comfort • • • • • •

Metabolic rate Clothing insulation Air temperature Radiant temperature Air velocity Relative humidity

Lighting Different lighting levels are required for various types of work at its simplest–close, precise work such as soldering a control panel will require higher light levels than walking down a corridor.

Fig (6.4.2) diagram of thermal comfort

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.4 COMFORT

visual comfort The ability of humans to absorb all building cases such as noise, scale, environment, odor, all this depends on visual and sensory perception, is visual comfort.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

noise nuisance /acoustic Acoustic comfort is a building occupants ' well-being and feeling about the acoustic atmosphere (noise-producing transportation, appliances, operation, neighborhood)

health and wellbeing Comfort is closely related to wellbeing, which Dodge et al (2012) described as' when people have the mental, social and physical assets they need to meet a specific emotional, social and/or physical challenge.'

Indoor air quality The quality of ventilation in a building can also affect human comfort. In buildings, ventilation is needed to remove ' stale ' air and replace it with ' new ' air and to avoid overheating.

6.5 MOOD

6.5.1 General Definition A transitory mood or feeling and an emotional voice or typical attitude (Marc Newson, 2010).

6.5.2 Architecture definition The attitude and the physical well-being of the occupants can be influenced by the building material, illumination, ventilation and use of storage.

6.5.3 Factors affecting mood 1- Physiological factors: A-Color Colors usually have an impact emotionally, have a religious influence on the person's feelings and emotional condition and position and can also change the amount of power that humans can have on human health. (Reza Babakhani, Islamic Azad University, 2017) • Refreshment: Green, blue magenta.

• Static: Green, blue, brown, earth tones.

• Cleanliness: Sky blue, white, pink, green, light yellow.

Fig (6.5.1) a simple example of color mood psychology. (sg.oberlo, 2018)

B-Natural & artificial lighting Research has shown that a person's attention is improved by sufficient sunshine as it can be normal or artificial for certain moods. A transitory mood or feeling and an emotional voice or typical attitude

Fig(6.5.2) natural and artificial lighting .

(Pinterest, 2017)

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.5 MOOD

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

C- Views from building

Natural views improve the focus and improve the health and work of an individual.

D- Ceiling height • lower ceilings used in Detailed tasks • high ceilings used in spaces for creativity • Use less angular furnishings and more tapestry.

2-Physical factors: A- Form of the space : • When the space rectangle people have freely feel to move inside • If the space is too small or has a bad proportion have the impact that they can't move inside.

• While the circular space mad people to be enclosure inside the space can't go outside and interact with the surrounding B- Scale of the space : • The ratio of room and not good design may cause people to be uncomfortable.

• The scale of space effect on mood than the place's message that needs to achieve

Fig (6.5.3) describe how the ceiling effect on a person. (archdaliy , 2018)

Fig (6.5.4) different form of space (design.epfl.ch , 2011)

C-Material of space • The material can, of course, be like wood that gives its texture to nature as in a forest, while the artificial pottery can both give the feeling of happiness from depression such as the Engineered Wood (marble).

6.5.4 Examples: 1- Bang Restaurant (Mood: Natural Landscape) Requiring greatest adaptability on the ground for the organization of seating courses of action. The whole ceiling is secured by a wood-slatted framework that encases and conceals the acquired frameworks. The wood supports are planned as a scene, undulating in connection to the exceptionally equipment they conceal overhead

Fig (6.5.5) Material of space in mood (Pinterest, 2019)

2-Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir (Mood: Indian culture) This mood make historical and cultural influences and make the human more hush in religion area, The India architecture mood respecting its climate, culture, and tradition.

Fig ( 6.5.6) Banq Restaurant (Pinterest, 2018)

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.5 MOOD

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

3-Khan El khalili Cairo (Mood: Old Islamic Cairo) Khan El khalili belongs to Fatimid Cairo that known with structures, materials, color, architecture style, shapes, ornamentations, lighting and traditional Egyptian crafts..

6.6 IMAGE 6.6.1 General definition Fig ( 6.5.7) Khan El khalili (Pinterest, 2018) An image is a visual representation of something. A physical articulation of an individual, or an issue, captured, painted, designed, or made visible

6.6.2 Architectural definition As an architectural perspective, Building, masses or spaces take their own shapes or form a crystallize itself forming an identity or a character, with its own features.

Fig. ( 6.7.1) Centralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

Fig. ( 6.7.2) Distributed image sketch (Authors , 2019).

6.6.4 Distributed 6.6.3 Centralized The focal station at the center The focal station with of the specific course of grouped station having action with associated station center station originating around it gives a visual from the focal point of impression of the blast and the example look like vitality detonate directly from visual order the center .

6.6.6 Linear or regular geometrical shapes

Fig. ( 6.7.3) Not centeralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

6.6.5 Not centralized/ connected The interconnected station making a system structure giving the visual impression of intelligibility and agreement all through the visual material.

The linear shapes and the regular geometric shapes give the feeling of stability visually.

Fig. ( 6.6.4) Wainwright building(Pinterest, 2016).

Fig. ( 6.6.5) Waterfall house (Pinterest, 2015).

Fig. ( 6.6.6) Auditorium building (Archdaily, 2016).

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.6 IMAGE

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

6.6.7 Irregular geometrical shapes The irregular geometric shapes enhance the picture on an esthetic level of the house .

Fig ( 6.6.7) Irregular geometrical shapes(Pinterest, 2015)

Fig (6.6.8) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

6.7 SECURITY 6.7.1 General definition: It's the state of being safe and threatened ( Open security Architecture 2007).

6.7.2 Architecture definition : providing a sense of protection for the building as well as for users of danger as thieves (WBDG Secure/Safe Committee.-2017).

Fig (6.7.1) Integra ONE Security in building (2019)

6.7.3 Types of security • Minimum safety level Used in open spaces where less protection is required. There's no wall there.

• Medium degree of safety In any indoor space, entrance and exit, position control is used..

• Used in areas that contain valuable items or locations that require maximum control and confidentiality. They need the security guard.

6.7.4 Assault and Robbery -To escape attack, high-quality security systems must be mounted -For defense, an equipped security team must be located at the site..

Fig (6.7.2) .Integra ONE Security in building (2019)

6.7.5 Vandalism Easy-to-clean materials and vandal security, such as graffiti and poster removal materials(soft pine wood PVC) 6.7.6 Security methods in proposed project we Use: -Fingerprint Security .

-Eye print Security.

-Electronic gates -Network Security -Cameras for security.

Fig (6.7.3) Integra ONE Security in building (2019) -surveillance cameras

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.8 SAFETY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

6.8.1 General Definition: The word "security" is considered to be protected from what causes danger, risk, or injury.

6.8.2 Architectural Definition: It is the process that takes place at the building through some of the design factors and consideration lids for human safety inside the building (Fire fighting, smoke control, emergency lighting, and fire alarm 6.8.3 Fundamental Requirements: (Ron Cote and Harrington,2015): • Provide adequate safety without any particular safeguard being reliant on.

• Provide a suitable degree of safety in life considering occupancy size, shape, and nature.

• Provide for arrangements for backup or redundant egress.

Ensure open, unblocked, and accessible egress routes.

• Provide sufficient lighting.

• Ensure prompt response of the occupant by providing early fire warning.

• Maintain in a proper working order all required features.

Fig ( 6.8.4) Sample of a fire escape plan (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009)

Fig (6.8.1.) Safety Signs (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009)

Fig ( 6.8.2) Different Fire Protection Equipment (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009)

Fig (6.8.3) Escape circulation (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009)

6.8.4 Emergency Plan Requirements: (Ron Cote and Harrington,2015) • Procedures for reporting of emergencies • Occupant and staff response to emergencies • Evacuation procedures appropriate to the building, its occupancy, and emergency • Appropriateness of the use of elevators • Design and conduct of fire drills • Type and coverage of building fir protection systems • Other items required by the authority having jurisdiction Fig (6.8.5) Evacuation Plan (2015)

CHAPTER VI | DESIGN ISSUES 6.8 SAFETY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

6.8.5 Fire code: a) Vertical Escape: • Fire resistant corridors • Emergency stairs (easily accessible) • Umbrella sprinkler b) Horizontal escape: • Horizontal escape route protected from smoke • Protected corridor from fire

6.9 CONCOLUSION 6.9.1 Interaction In our project, we can use non-verbal interaction by using signs to make it easy for people to find their way, especially in large spaces such as the maps used in the metro to explain the route for the passengers.

6.9.3 Mood Applying the project area's atmosphere to achieve the location's acceptable meaning and personality.

To reflect the unity of position and design, add the visual elements, decorations, colors, form and proportions together to give the mood of the surrounding area.

6.9.5 Comfort Comfort is one of main reason that can make the Expo city success as it’s a place for VIP conferences and international country , so the comfortable space should be designed well through visual and thermal.

Fig (6.8.6) Finetch controls Pvt, safety in building (2015)

6.9.2 Circulation Main paths explore users such as shopping centers, social services, through the primary components of the project. And secondary paths guide consumers through the secondary components such as marketing area shops and social exhibition 6.9.4 Flexibility Flexibility is an excellent way to increase the buildings ' longevity and reduce waste. In our (Expo) project, we will use versatility in integrating various spaces such as multi-purpose hall for exhibits and outdoor activities such as this type of project can be held in the same location as the site can be used for multiple functions.

6.9.6 Safety Safety is intended to evacuate the building's population in an emergency, fire protection, professional safety or safety for the outside environment.

6.9.7 Image The form and shape of the Architecture looks like the personality and culture of the space so it is directly proportional to the qualities of the environment..

6.9.8 Security Security means the entire project for people inside is secured and protected.

Using high-tech computer data to create userfriendly environments.

07 CASE STUDIES CHAPTER VII : CASE STUDIES OF DIFFERENT FURNITURE EXPO AROUND THE WORLD WITH ANALYSIS SHOWING DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS FOR ZONING, PLANS AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS TO MAKE THE PROJECT MORE ADAPTED WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT.

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 7.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. Architect: Egyptian Armed Forces Location: Egypt,Mehwar El Moshir, Cairo Year: 2017

(Fig7.1.2.1) EIEC , (EIEC Website, 2017)

Built over area: 311.000 sq.m.

Introduction The new and biggest exhibition and conference center in Egypt is the Egyptian Center for International Exhibitions. This center is designed to put Egypt back on the map of international exhibitions to the highest standards and international technologies. It is the responsibility of all those involved in the field of events, producers, exhibitors and guests.

(Fig7.1.2.2) EIEC , (EIEC Website, 2017)

7.1.2.1 Project Vision Become the largest business and cultural center in Egypt and the incubator of the culture of cultural enthusiasts. Consider Egypt a center for exhibits, conferences and international events

7.1.2.2 Project layout (Fig7.1.2.3) EIEC ISOMITRIC , (EIEC Website, 2017)

Project land area of 311.000 m2, equivalent to 74 acres, of which building footprint 23% with a total of 17 acres..

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 6.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.3 Project Surrounding

(Fig7.1.2.4) EIEC building surrounding (EIEC website, 2017) )

7.1.2.4 Project layout

(Fig7.1.2.5) EIEC building layout , (EIEC website, 2017)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 7.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.5 Project component

Legends

-Multi-purpose Offices -registration booths -Coffee Shops -Food court -parking spaces.

a. Exhibition halls -4 halls provide over 40,300 m2 of show space -Every hall have height 8 meters.

b. Convention center -Meeting room -Theatre

c. Conference hall -Lecture hall -Multi-purpose hall -Open area

(Fig7.1.2.6 ) EIEC component and utilities (EIEC website, 2017)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 6.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.6 Project plan

(Fig7.1.2.7 ) EIEC plan (EIEC website, 2017) gates

71.2.7 Project elevation

(Fig7.1.2.8 ) EIEC elevation (Authors, 2019)

7.1.2.8 Exhibition halls 40,300 m2 of exhibition space that can be divided into smaller partitions which are interlinked. 4 halls have a height of 8 meters each with a fully equipped and versatile structure.

Access: Accessible from both a private entrance and Convention center connection gate.

Services: dynamic design, lighting and other technology—backed by a strong foundation of utilities and facilities management.

There is Multi-purpose offices, booths of registration, easy access to the conference hall, coffee shops, food courts and large parking spaces

Emergency exit

Entrance

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 7.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.9 AL Manara

The International Conference Center of Al Manara was established with the hope and the vision to become the place to go when organizers want their events to come out in the best way.

Al Manara is a new hub for Egyptian talent and culture enthusiasts, hosting not only business meetings and conferences, but also looking forward to welcoming a huge number of visitors each year with different interests and preferences.it was built on more than 30,000 square meters of multi-purpose space divided into 13 unique and world class halls.

(Fig7.1.2.10) al manar elevation (EIEC website, 2017)

(Fig7.1.2.11 ) al manar component (EIEC website, 2017)

Legends

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 6.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.10 Design Issues 1. Circulation

(Fig7.1.2.12 ) EIEC horizontal circulation (Authors, 2019)

a. Horizontal circulation

b. Vertical circulation

This begins from the main square to Hall 1, 2 and from the convention center to the halls The motion in the halls is a grid that makes it easier to get from one location to another.

Ramps: In halls entrances and open spaces.

(Fig7.1.2.13 ) EIEC vertical circulation (Authors, 2019)

Staircase: To vertical circulation between the upper floor level and the ground level.

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY FURNITURE EXPO CITY 6.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES. 6.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. 7.1.2.11 Design Issues 2. Project image Become one of the biggest business and social hubs in Egypt and the hatchery of the society of cultural enthusiasts. Made Egypt a center for international conferences, activities and exhibitions .

(Fig7.1.2.14) al manar elevation (EIEC website, 2017)

(Fig7.1.2.15 ) EIEC building (eiec web site, 2017)

7.1.2.12Conclusion This project has been developed as Egypt's largest and center of exhibitions and conferences, presenting goods and various events to attract tourism and different cultures to achieve the process of economic and social development.

PROS 1-suistanable building.

2-the building has attraction theme that will help the building to be remarkable with the tourist.

3-good location.

CONS 1-bad zoning.

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Architects: Bureau Probe1ts, Urban art projects

Date of completion: 2016.

Total area for project: 9100.0 m2 (Fig7..2.1.1) Wahat AL karama pavilion exterior view (Archdaily,2017)

Introduction Idris Khan designed Wahat AL Karama to memorize the souls of the brave soldiers and the emirates citizens of Emirate who had sacrificed everything to their nations for their safety. The first memorial park honoring the Martyrs is considered. Wahat AL karama has been announced as one of the winners of two international awards, the German design award, and the American architecture prize. It has been selected by thirty-six international jury er to win the American architecture prize. The American architecture prize award evaluates the project in many different aspects such as design excellence, landscape, innovation in the fields and interior design. On the other side, the German design award includes many categories such as the architectural concept, interior design, urban spaces, and architectural retail.

7.2.1.1. Contextual Information.

- The " Oasis of dignity "is the literally translation of Wahat AL Karama. Al Sheikh - Zayed chose the oasis of dignity to immortalize the memory of the heroes who sacrificed everything for their countries. Abu Dhabi memorial park located between the Grand mosque of AL Sheikh - Zayed and the general headquarters of the United Arab Emirates armed forces. The site of the project is a permanent tribute and war memorial to honor the United Arab Emirates martyrs, soldiers and citizens, who lost their lives to defend their nations.(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.2)PAVILION OF HONOR interior shot.

(Archdaily,2017)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

7.2.1.2. Timeline of Oasis of dignity 2015

In September, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, announces the creation of Wahat Al Karama; the site hosts its first Commemoration Day on November 30.

2016

2017

Wahat Al Karama opens on Commemoration Day.

Wahat Al Karama hosts a Ministerial Council Meeting on 5 March; the Visitor Centre opens on Commemoration Day.

7.2.1.3. Local architecture character.

- A few decades ago, Dubai and abu Dhabi was mostly empty desert but nowadays they are the home of the world's most distinctive and rapidly growing skylines. They are known for those unique architecture, which combine futuristic and traditional styles, that surprise visitors from all around the world.

(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.3) UAE exterior, EXPO 2020.

(Archdaily,2018)

7.2.1.4. Climatic conditions.

- The climate is arid, sub-tropical, sunny blue skies and high temperatures. frequently rainfall, basically in winter from November to March. Rain is more expected in Oasis city than Al-Ain as it is closer to the Hajar mountains. (meteoblue.com,2018)

7.2.1.5. Topography.

(Fig7.2.1.4).Dubai climate-digram. (meteoblue.com,2018)

There is no contour in the site , it - the absolute visual contact between the components and the building. So the obviously shown with it is all elements in strong visible wide range.

(Fig7.2.1.5) Ex po 2020 Site section. (Google earth,2018)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

7.2.1.6. Site and surroundings.

Abu Dhabi memorial park located between the Grand mosque of AL Sheikh - Zayed and the general headquarters of the United Arab Emirates armed forces. The background of the the project is Al Shiekh Zayed great mosque which is increase the values and features of the buildings . (Architizer,2017) (Fig7.2.1.6)PAVILION OF HONOR exterior shot. (Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.7) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019)

• Abu Dhabi memorial park.

• Al Shiekh Zayed great mosque.

(Fig7.2.1.8) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019)

• Abu Dhabi memorial park.

• Al Shiekh Zayed great mosque.

The Ritz Carlton, grand canal, Abu Dhubi .

• the United Arab Emirates aimed forces.

• Armed force club park

7.2.1.7. Accessibility.

- The project is classified as open space so it can be reached from many sides. The site of , the project is located between one main street and the other one is a local street. The main entrance of the project located on Abu Dhabi, Al Shaharna street , the street between the project and Al Shiekh Zayed great mosque.

The other entrance on street 3.

(Fig7.2.1.9) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR 7.2.1.8. Project description.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Concept of the project: - The main concept of the project was conceived by Ichis Khan to" c reate a park for reflection on both loss and remembrance, a spiritual place that conveyed unity and support a monument that has positive and hopeful resonance while inspiring curiosity in sculpture and how contemporary art can influence emotions". (Architizer,2017) (Fig7.2.1.10) Pa viii on of Honor Conceptual, (Architizer ,2017)

Site Component: - The site consists of 1- The memorial plaza.

2- Visitor's center.

3- The honor pavilion

(Fig7.2.1.11) Memorial park, Abu Dhabi (Architizer,2017) (Edited by Authors,2019)

Memorial plaza.

- The Memorial Plaza is a circular space, wide, offering clear views of the site and the great mosque of AL Sheikh - Zayed. It is built on more than 4 thousands m. The plaza consist of 2 main spaces , large circular pool of water in the center of the plaza it is not very deep as it is 15 mm deep as it is easy to walk across it but it is provide a great reflection of abu dhabi great mosque . Around the pool there is a amphitheater cladded with travertine stone from turkey which is comfortably accommodated 12 hunched people. (Architizer,2017) Visitor's center.

-The Visitors' Center is main welcoming zone for visitors to" Wahat.Al Karama". The roof of the visitor center is accessible for the visitors for the public and provide a clear view to the site and to the great mosque of Al Sheikh Zayed and Al Sheikh Zayed bridge.

In The end of the plaza there will be an interactive experience that will tell the visitors the story of the memorial and the heroes ofUAE. (Architizer,2017)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

- The structure is contain of 31 aluminum vertical sheet, The tallest sheet is 23 m height. The sheets constructed as they as laying on each others to presents the united strength and confidence between the 7 nations of the UAE. The huge scale of the panels to impress the visitors and give them the feeling of greatness. In the approach of the plaza there are 2 vertical sheets the aim of them to leave the feeling of the humility by standing besides them.

(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.12) Plaza of honor, Section(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.13) Plaza of honor, plan(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.14) Plaza of honor, Section(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.16) PAVILION OF HONOR, section(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.15) PAVILION OF HONOR, plan(Archdaily,2017)

(Fig7.2.1.17) PAVILION OF HONOR, Elevations(Arc hdaily,2017)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.2 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

7.2.1.9. Design issues.

- Circulation The project counts on a very simple circulation as it is very easy to move from the entrance of the project" the circular lake" to the PAVILION OF HONOR in a direct path passing tluough the zone of the aluminum vertical tablets.

(Fig7.2.1.18) Memorial park, Abu Dhabi (Architizer,2017) (Edited by Authors,2018)

- Interaction One of the main ideas of the memorial park is the interaction between the visitors, the project and the sunounding.

The interact with the surroundings can be shown in the auditorium as it is offers a very good view with the Great mosque of Al Sheikh Zayed. The interaction between the visitor and the project can be shown in the zone of the aluminum vertical tablets.

(Fig7.2.1.19) PAVILION OF HONOR, interior shot(Architizer,2017)

- Image The interaction between the project and the Great mosque of Al Sheikh- Zayed creates one of the One of the most beautiful images.

(Fig7.2.1.20) Pavilion of honor (Architizer,2017)

7.2.1.10. Conclusion.

The project illustrate many ideas as it is deliver the philosophical idea of the pavilion and how it is honoring the soldiers not only by write down their names on the aluminum tablets but also by using their weapons and recycle it to reuse it on the cladding. That is not the only ideas on the project, the geometly of the aluminum vertical tablets represent other idea as it is designed on this shape to represent the relation between the 7 nations of Emirates.

PROS 1-build node to create attraction building.

2-good circulation.

CONS 1-Unsuistainable building.

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Shangai,China

Architect: ECADI

Year: 2017

AREA:46550m

(Fig7.4.2.2)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.4.2.1)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Introduction After five years of designing and building, the World Expo Museum opened on May 1, 2017.

The World Expo Museum is currently China's first formal international museum and the only permanent official museum and record center allowed by the International Exhibition Bureau (BIE).

(Fig7.3.3.1)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

7.3.3.1 Project Vision The theme for the 150-year-old World Expo is designed as "Eternal Moments."

The building is taken as a vessel holding all mankind's happy memories and collecting beautiful and transient memories. The External Public Display Zone, "Historical Valley," consisting of a composite panel of stone and copper aluminum panels, reflects the "eternity" of the time while "Jubilante Cloud," a translucent rising window, displays the moments for the future.

(Fig7.3.3.2) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

7.3.3.2 Project component 1- entrance hall 2- conference room 3- permanent exhibition hall 1 4- permanent exhibition hall 2 5- public hall 6- Lecture hall 7- café 8- roof garden _ west 9- ‘’jubliant cloud’’ hall 10- temporary exhibition hall 11- permanent exhibition 04 12- shop 13- 4D multimedia auditorium (Fig7.3.3.3) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM. 1- entrance hall 2- conference room 3- permanent exhibition hall 1 4- permanent exhibition hall 2 5- public hall 6- Lecture hall 7- café

7.3.3.3 Nearby building

FURNITURE EXPO CITY 8- roof garden _ west 9- ‘’jubliant cloud’’ hall 10- temporary exhibition hall 11- permanent exhibition 04 12- shop 13- 4D multimedia auditorium

(Fig7.3.3.4)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.6)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.7)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.5) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.8) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

73.3.4 Project zones with areas

(Fig7.3.3.9) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM.

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

7.3.3.5 Project plans

(Fig7.3.3.10) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.11) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

(Fig7.3.3.12) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

7.3.3.6 Comment Using BIM as the model throughout the design, the building has saved 20 percent energy co mpared to similar building unit area by incorporating advanced, competitive, relevant and ef fective technology. It is a green threestar building that the People's Republic of China has awarded"Green Building Evaluation Logo"

CHAPTER VII | CASE STUDY 7.3 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES. 7.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM. 7.3.3.7 Project plans

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

(Fig7.3.3.15) the world expo museum (www.archdaily.com)

(Fig7.3.3.16) the world expo museum (www.archdaily.com)

7.3.3.9 Conclusion The World Expo Museumurban, as the newest cit y landmark in Shanghai, is the cornerstone of Sha nghai's new pattern of cultural space development and a unique knowledge base on culture and tech nology at the World Expo.

PROS 1-The building has a unique form.

2-Good circulation & orientation,

CONS 1-.Bad location ,The surroundings will cause crowed,

08 SUSTAINABILITY CHAPTERVIII : THIS CHAPTER SHOWS DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUSTAINABILITY LIKE: SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND HOW THE REFLECT ON THE SOCIETY IN NEW DAMIETTA .

CHAPTER VIII | SUSTAINABILITY 8.1 SUSTAINABILITY DEFINITION

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Sustainability requires creating and preserving environments in which humans and nature exist in a sustainable equilibrium that fulfills the economic, financial and other requirements of present and future generations. in many ways "capability to assist" and "capability to endure“ .

The sustainability model historically involves interactions with people and solutions to sustainability

8.1.1 The three approaches of sustainability :

Environmental

Economic

(Fig 8.1.1) Permaculture Ethics, Corporate Sustainability & the Triple Bottom-Line , (Practically Quantum,2018)

Social 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

8.2.1 General Definition : Environmental sustainability is the power to maintain indefinitely constant levels of harvesting renewable resources, generating emissions, and using non-renewable resources. (cogent engineering , 2016).

8.2.2 Architectural Definition : Environmentally sustainable buildings are proposing to reduce the environmental effect of a building by methods of energy and water conservation, use of recycled materials and landscaping that take into account the nature of a site and its natural characteristics. (Union of concerned scientists,2008).

Waste and recycling management

Energy efficiency

Water management

Adaption to and Air quality mitigation of climate conservation change

CHAPTER VIII | SUSTAINABILITY 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Recyclable at the end of life

Made by recycling content

Regional Manufacturing

Water conservation

Improves indoor air quality or climate

Energy efficient

(Fig 8.2.1) Illustration of design for environmental Sustainability Framework, (Gamil Et al, 2015)

8.3 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY 8.3.1 General Definition :Protecting capital is not only income, it is also natural capital.

Maintaining intact capital means collecting extra income without modifying resources , it is possible to receive spatial planning, architectural design and elements. (Stavins, R.; Wagner, A.; Wagner, G, 2003) 8.3.2 Architectural definition: Sustainable architecture aims to design buildings and infrastructures, such as squares and bazaars, adapted to certain locations ' political, social, cultural and environmental contexts. The concept must include not only bioclimatic strategies, but economic, social and cultural aspects as well. (Butterworth Heinemann: London, UK, 2008 ) Economic stability tests different plans: Best Economic performance

Eco. Sustainability

Stimulating the eco cycle

Servicing

Life expectancy

Craft furniture improvement

High quality products

Selling products

Fund the projects continuity

CHAPTER VIII | SUSTAINABILITY 8.4 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

8.4.1 General definition: It is the community's development and people's quality of life, now and in the future. This integrates the physical environment layout with an emphasis on how people living in and using a room relate to each other and function as a group. (Cole and Fielding, 2007) 8.4.2 Architectural definition: It is a system that is connected to locations that affect comfort, this involves what people need in the area where they live or work.

(Magee, Liam; James, Paul; Scerri, Andy, 2012) .

Pointers that leads to a socially accepted society: the residents ' feeling for each other, and the sense of place in the community.

Community sharing features of Green design.

Community

Respect

Different culture

(Fig 8.4.1) social sustainability (Authors) 2019

Safe community

Different activities

The four elements are: 1. Planting and design room to develop.

2. Amenities and structure of society.

2. Cultural and social existence.

3. Voice and strength.

Amenities and Social Infrastructure Aminase and support services in place early in life of new community- emphasis on schools, social spaces, transport and community workers

Social and Cultural Life Shared spaces, collective activities and social architecture to foster local networks, belonging and community identity Connection to local and regional economy

Voice and Influence Governance structures to represent future residents and engage new ones in shaping local decision-making and stewardship

Green Building ,environmental innovation, incentives for pro- environmental behavior

Space to Grow Flexible planning; housing, Infrastructure & services that can adapt over time meanwhile use of buildings and public space

(Fig.8.4.2), Illustration of Design for Social Sustainability Framework, (Woodcraft et al., 2012), (Authors,2017).

09 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER IX : THIS CHAPTER INCLUDES DESIGN STANDARDS NEEDED TO BE CONSIDERED AS GUIDELINE TO MAKE AN APPROPRIATE PROGRAM FOR THE PROJECT. .

CHAPTER IX | DESIGN REQUIREMENT 9.1 DEMOGRAPHICS STUDIES : The total area and urban mass of the city of Damietta is 1539075 and Damietta new city is 6.67 thousand feddans (residential areas - service - industrial - tourism and entertainment ..) , and the population of new Damietta was 165000 person with density 1200/km2 , (New Urban Communities Authority,2019).

Male 51.4%

Female

45.6%

Children

33.9%

Youth 46.2%

Middle-aged 13.2%

Elderly 6.8%

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

1- Expo zone : Exposition is an explanation or a description of an idea, or may be a l arge public exhibition , Pavilions , Gathering space and Booths .

2- Exhibition zone : An exhibition is a display in a museum, gallery, or public space of works art, items for sale Permanent exhibitions , temporary exhibitions ,lecture hall and Shops 3- Training & development zone : Workshops for group of people to share their knowledge or experience. also can used for furniture training ,Storage and CafĂŠ.

4- Entertainment zone : This zone for entertainment, it has MPU ,Outdoor Theater ,Kids area ,Shops , Restaurant and cafes.

5- Management & administration : This zone for Planning ,Organizing ,Commanding , Coordinating and Controlling the project .It has Manager office ,Secretary ,Offices , Copy room , Achieve , Meeting room , IT room , Server room and Storage.

9.2.2 Bubble diagram :

The project will target an annual visit of 1 million, av eraging 2,800 visitors a day, Egyptians and foreigner s included. They will be dispersed in the main areas depending on the roles and the position of Damietta New City in solving the problem.

9.2 SPACE PROGRAM PROPOSED SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES FOR FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Expo zone

Exhibition Training & Entertainment Management (Fig 9.2.2.1) design bubble diagram (Author, 2019) & zone zone. development center zone administration 9.2.3 zoning : 9.2.1 Definitions : 1- Expo zone : Exposition is an explanation or a description of an idea, or may be a large public exhibition , Pavilions , Gathering space and Booths .

2- Exhibition zone : An exhibition is a display in a museum, gallery, or publi c space of works art, items for sale Permanent exhibitions , temporary exhibitions ,lecture hall and Shops (Fig 9.2.3.1) design diagram zoning (Author, 2019)

CHAPTER IX | DESIGN REQUIREMENT 9.2 SPACE PROGRAM Main Zones

Expo zone with total area =1760*1.5 = 2640 Exhibition zone with total area =1300*1.5 =1950

Training & Development center zone with total area = 700*1.5 = 1050

Entertainment zone with total area = 1650*1.5 = 2475

Management & administration with total area = 475*1.5 = 510

Sub Zones

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

No. Quantity Total Area spaces

Description

Pavilions Gathering space Toilets Offices Security areas Storage

1 1 1 6 4 2

1000 400 50 25 15 50

1000 400 50 150 60 100

The exhibition will represent the furniture industry in the old town of Damietta and will also clarity the historical background of Damietta’s handcrafts and how they were one of their sacred beliefs

Entrance Permanent exhibitions temporary exhibitions lecture hall Shops Offices Security areas Toilets

1 4 4 1 6 6 4 1

400 60 40 150 15 25 15 50

400 240 160 150 90 150 60 50

The exhibition will display how the furniture is made professionally. The museum will also reflect Damietta's furniture history as well as the major events and cultures that move it on.

Work shops.

Storage Café.

Manager room.

Secretary room.

Staff rooms.

IT rooms Toilets.

6 3 1 1 2 2 1 1

50 40 100 30 15 25 20 50

300 120 100 30 30 50 20 50

Used for carpenters and group of people to share their knowledge or experience. also can used for furniture training , Storage and Café.

MPU Reception Kids area.

Shops.

Restaurant Cafes.

Offices Toilets

1 1 1 20 1 2 6 1

450 100 50 15 200 150 25 50

450 100 50 350 200 300 150 50

The zone can be illustrated into restaurants, cafés, playgrounds, shops, cinemas and administrative areas.

Manager office Secretary.

Offices.

Copy room Achieve.

Meeting room.

IT room.

Server room.

Storage.

Toilets

1 1 6 1 1 2 2 1 1 1

30 15 30 15 15 50 15 20 20 50

30 15 180 15 15 100 30 20 20 50

This zone for Planning ,Organizing ,Commanding , Coordinating and Controlling the project .It has Manager office ,Secretary ,Offices , Copy room , Achieve , Meeting room , IT room , Server room and Storage

CHAPTER IX | DESIGN REQUIREMENT 9.3 STANDARDS

Expo zone

Exhibition Training & Entertainment Management zone & zone. development center zone administration

9.3.1 Expo zone : There are 6 main types of museum layouts: 1. Open plan: Move through space freely and the function rooms are located in the basement.

2. Core with satellite rooms: Central core in the museum, the other rooms for autonomous displays.

3. Linear chaining: linear circulation of rooms, circulation is controlled, the orientation is clear, and the entrance and exit are separated.

4. Labyrinth: the circulation is free; the route and direction are changeable, and the entrance and exit are separated.

5. Complex: a collection of rooms with typical features the organization of display icons and the display concept is complex.

6. Round tour (loop): It is more like the linear chaining, but it is designed to get you back to the entrance.

(Kister,2012).

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Expo zone

Exhibition Training & Entertainment Management zone & zone. development center zone administration

9.3.3 Entertainment zone : 9.3.3.1 Theater

(Fig 9.3.3.1.1) Theatre plan (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 9.3.3.1.2) Trolleys used in a workshop environment (Neufert, 2000)

9.3.3.2 Restaurant 2

3 4

6 5

Bar

Empties room

waiters

Delivery stairs

Dining room

Adjoining room

1

Entrance

WC WC

Kitchen

Cold store

(Fig 9.3.3.2.1) functional layout for Restaurant (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.1.1) Layout of displaying rooms ( Neufert, 2000)

9.3.3.3 Shops

9.3.2 Exhibition zone :

(Fig 9.3.1.2) Exhibition room with folding screens (Building design standards, 2017)

(Fig 9.3.3.3.1) Cafeteria meal servery (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 9.3.3.3.2) Automatic through flow cooker (Neufert, 2000)

CHAPTER IX | DESIGN REQUIREMENT FURNITURE EXPO CITY 9.3 STANDARDS 9.4 DESIGN GUIDLINES 9.4.1 Regulation According to the Urban Communities Authority, there are construction requirements for The second tourist area in the new city of Damietta .

Expo zone

Exhibition Training & Entertainment Management 1- The total area of ​the floors / The land area =2 zone & zone. development The total area of ​the floors/20000 =2 center zone administration The total area of ​the floors = 40000/5=8000 9.3.4 Management & Administration 2- Built Area = 40% 3- landscape = 40% 9.3.4.1 Offices 4- parking area = 20% Number of people Area of room 5- maximum height = 20 m From 4 to 5 people 11.5m2 6- Setbacks 10 m from all sides 2 From 5 to 7 people

13.9m

Meeting of 12 people

22.3m2

(Fig 9.3.4.1.1) functional areas for Offices (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.4.1.1) Dimension of site (Google maps , edait by author, 2019)

(Fig 9.4.1.2) setbacks of site (author, 2019)

(Fig 9.3.4.1.2) functional layout for Office (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 9.3.4.1.3) tables for Meeting room (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 9.3.4.1.5) (Fig 9.3.4.1.5) (Fig 9.3.4.1.4) functional Public Corridor Administration layout for Toilets (Neufert, (Neufert, 2000) Corridor (Neufert, 2000) 2000)

7- distance between two buildings = 10 m 8- Minimum Width Of Corridors = 2.5 m 9-service road with minimum width = 3m 10- The lighting and ventilation openings must look directly on the outside, on an interior courtyard, or on vertical manoeuvres 11- Service openings, kitchens, and bathrooms should look out directly or to vertical manoeuvres 12- The openings area must not be less than 8% of the area of the residential room.

13- The area of the openings shall not be less than 10% of the area of the main kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and stairs in the buildings.

(Fig 9.4.1.3) regulation (author, 2019)

10 INDIVIDUAL WORK CHAPTER X : DIFFERENT CONCEPTS FOR FURNITURE EXPO PROJECT WITH CONCEPT STATEMENT, MISSION AND VISION OF EACH ONE. ALSO, EACH CONCEPT DISCUSES DIFFERENT STUDIES LIKE SUSTAINABLE AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES AND DIFFERENT INSPIRATIONS.

Author: 1

HANIN ELZOMOR 165397 “The longer I live the more beautiful life becomes. If you foolishly ignore beauty, you will soon find yourself without it. Your life will be impoverished. But if you invest in beauty, it will remain with you all the days of your life.” – Frank Lloyd Wright

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

SLOGAN : Connecting Cultures , Creating the Future .

AIM : To achieve global competitiveness in the furniture industry, and serve north and east of delta service, tourism and commercially.

VISION : make it as a landmark or iconic for Damietta new city because Damietta is the meeting point of three continents Asia Africa and Europe .

MISSION: By building an expo to serve the north and east of delta and the investors from abroad .

OBJECTIVE: encourage the investment climate in the city to attract many investors by providing an expo and creating a suitable environment for them ,making it a unique city in the world .

PROJECT TARGET : Investors and businessmen from the city of Damietta , its surroundings and from abroad as well.

EXPECTED RESULTS AND BENEFITS : attracting businessmen and investors in the city of Damietta supporting economic activities providing many job opportunities

(Fig. 10.1.1) carpenters sketch (Shutterstock , 2019 )

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.1 CONCEPT I : “BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE "

(Fig. 10.1.1.1) 3D conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

first concept main idea is using the history of Damietta through many researches that concludes that Damietta suffered from many wars due to its coastal location that resulted the easy colonization for the city, so my concept is mixing the pharaonic and post modern styles. I took the pharaonic obelisk, the ball from the pharaohs stick and the mountains to create the expo halls.

As for the circulation, i used the ramp to facilitate the movement of the visitors ending to the loop passing to the obelisk for natural lighting and comfort.

(Fig. 10.1.1.2) Plan conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.1 CONCEPT I : “BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE "

(Fig. 10.1.1.3), Ramp inside Museum , (Guggenheim, n.d), (Archnet,2010).

(Fig. 10.1.1.4) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

(Fig. 10.1.1.5 ) Pharaoh Peaks (alamy,2018)

In addition to creating environmental techniques such asthe loop area, water was placed at the bottom for natural ventilation through evaporation, and the openings are for natural lighting .

From the mountains, we made two exhibitions interfering each other to give the crushed war facade design Then, I took the ball’s shape from the pharaoh’s stick and made It as a loop like that in ‘Guggenheim’ museum, and the obelisk was put as a landmark at the end of the project for people to feel peaceful.

(Fig. 10.1.1.6 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 )

This obelisk will be the dominant mass of the project “Iconic “

(Fig. 10.1.1.7 ) Pharaoh obelisk (bigstock,2018)

(Fig. 10.1.1.8) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

(Fig. 10.1.1.9) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.1 CONCEPT I : “BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE " TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Adaptive Solar Façade : The building facade significantly affects how much heat needs to be added or removed in order to maintain a comfortable indoor climate.

As these processes vary throughout the year, an adaptive solar facade has been developed by the A / S Research Team. The project combines the latest developments in architecture, energy technology and robotics. It is the largest object to showcase soft robotics in architecture.

The sensitive, mobile photovoltaic modules can be mounted on the building envelope with a lightweight structure. They are therefore suitable both for renovation and for new building projects. These can also be mounted to positions not suitable in traditional solar systems due to their reduced weight. The modules are however not only lightweight and versatile, but also multifunctional. In addition to generating energy, they also provide inside shading and daylight control and individual adjustment of the occupant's view. The façade is also fitted for energy storage: In the case of excess energy, the surplus is converted to pressurized air, which, in the case of bad weather, can be stored and used for later adjustment of mobile modules in case of no energy. The façade has a distinctive, dynamic look, with modules responding constantly to changes in the environment.

(Fig. 10.1.1.13) First prototype constructed on the roof of the HPZ building , (systems.arch ,2011)

(Fig. 10.1.1.10 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011)

(Fig. 10.1.1.11 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011)

(Fig. 10.1.1.12 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) Detail , (systems.arch ,2011)

(Fig. 10.1.1.14 ) SoRo-​Track actuators, (systems.arch ,2011)

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.2 CONCEPT II : “THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HISTORICAL ERAS "

(Fig. 10.1.2.1) 3D conceptual sketch (author, 2019 )

(Fig. 10.1.2.2) Developed conceptual shot sketch (author, 2019 )

As for the second concept which is For decades, furniture was a symbol of wealth and luxury, from the Jacobean era in the 1600s to the n ew Scandinavian style in the 1900s. It’s idea is using the history of furniture where i took a bunch of wood and cut them into halves where it gives an uneven circles of them. Each circle represents an specific era according to its selling market. There are some quotes about furniture styles : Each piece of wood is unique, so we have to pay attention to it, and I certainly try to read each piece. Like people, its flaws are what make it interesting. ((Goodman, 2018)) Each great design begins with a better story.. (mamo, n.d.).Furniture must have personality, as well as be beautiful. (Tarlow, 2018)

(Fig. 10.1.2.3) colorful water hoses(author, 2019 )

(Fig. 10.1.2.4) Branch of wood (author, 2019 )

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.2 CONCEPT II : " THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HISTORICAL ERAS "

(Fig. 10.1.2.6 ) Branch of wood (Freepick,2018)

(Fig. 10.1.2.5 ) Branch of wood (Freepick,2018)

(Fig. 10.1.2.7) plan conceptual sketch(author, 2019 )

SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH : Sustainability is divided into social, environmental and economic as pects; each of them has a wide range of definitions and approaches.

Environment : balance natural systems with human systems , and protect the environmental during all construction phases (share your (Fig. 10.1.2.8 ) sustainable logo article ,2018 ) (author , 2019 ) Aesthetic : celebrate the genius loci , design a unique image , (share your article , 2018 ) Function :picritic new urbanism principles , provide tools for resource management , ( share your article , 2018 ) All categories must contr ibute towards a sustainab (Fig. 10.1.2.10 ) sustainability (Fig. 10.1.2.9 ) sustainable city (Historical le community . ( Perpetual Property Care, 2016) Transactions , 2018)

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Pavegen Tiles : Pave gen is a technology developed to transform energy from people's footsteps into electricity by paving slab tiles .

Such floor tiles generate electricity under a load by deforming the material.

It can be stored for a variety of uses.

Pave gen technology provides people with the first practical way to engage with the production of renewable energy.

(Fig. 10.1.2.11 ) Pave gen Tiles (portaltewntyone.com,2018)

(Fig. 10.1.2.14 ) Pave gen Tiles Technique ( content et al.,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.12 ) Pave gen Tiles (Jordah,2018)

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.3 CONCEPT III : "FREAK OF NATURE "

(Fig. 10.1.3.1 ) 3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019 )

The concept is inspired from Singapore’s airport, the whole design is from nature. Wood is used in most of all their industries, so it was used in the façade , Also there is a waterfall penetrating the project from an upper opening to the bottom.to provide natural ventilation through evaporation.

Ramps were used from the ground floor up to the final floor. Trees and gardens are seen from all the circulation within the project to keep the nature effect Two cantilevers were made in the project to overview the sea at some point .

(Fig. 10.1.3.3 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 )

(Fig. 10.1.3.2) Singapore’s Airport (Skift,2019)

(Fig. 10.1.3.4 ) Singapore’s Airport (safarya,2019)

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Level 4 10.1.3 CONCEPT III : "FREAK OF NATURE "

Level 6

Level 8

Level 2 (Fig. 10.1.3.5 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 )

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Insulated green roof : Has a vertical advantages of how to reduce the negative impact of development while providing huge environmental, economic and social benefits. It also develop stormwater management by decreases runoff and improving water quality, protect energy, relieve the urban heat island, reduce noise and air pollution isolate carbon and offer space for urban agricultural (Fig. 10.1.3.6 ) green roof insulation detail (DOWDEY,2015)

(Fig. 10.1.3.7 ) Skiing for Sustainability (QORF,2019) (Fig. 10.1.3.8 ) Green roof ,(Kevin Songer,2010)

Author: 2

KAREEM GHONEIM 160163

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

SLOGAN : ‘’A Design well Simplified’’.

AIM: The goal of the project is to brand City and create a Furniture Expo that will attract tour ists and guests to new Damietta, because the furniture workers do not express themsel ves. Including creating a society to show their jobs / expertise to qualified workers.

VISION: To retain the image of New Damietta, the talent, the marketing / branding of the city an d to make Damietta complement the city to achieve global furniture competitiveness a nd support the industry, tourism and trade of the north and east of the delta.

MISSION: The aim is to explore the New Damietta culture and skills more thoroughly through the city's furniture branding issue, as well as how to achieve sustainable solutions and modern technology goals through the use of the New Damietta culture through architectural and urban solutions and to help people make a visit to the city.

OBJECTIVE His mission is to preserve the heritage, culture, and talents of Damietta in the furniture industry by establishing an exhibition town which will complement their talents and enable them to showcase their renowned furniture industry. It also aims to promote commercial and export tourism and market in Damietta.

CHAPTER X| INDIVEDUAL WORK 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.2.1 Concept I : MAIN SPINE Inspirations I was inspired by the surroundings to form my main spine and arrange my masses along it.

Developing concept First: The axis starts at the sea and ends with the highest building.

Second: the main spine is one of the easiest way for circulation.

Third: Make our node to remember our expo.

( Fig 10.2.1.1) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

+The Tower .( the node)

The Tower ( Fig 10.2.1.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

+smoothness ( the node)

( Fig 10.2.1.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.1.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.1.6) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

Technical studies Wind catcher: A variety of openings are available. The construction depends on the direction of the breeze at its specific location: if only one side of the wind blows, it was constructed with only one opening downwind.

ventilation.

Circulation.

( Fig 10.2.1.8) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

CHAPTER X| INDIVEDUAL WORK 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM 10.8.2 Concept II : UNITY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Inspirations The only thing that brings Damietta's people together after inquiries is the carpen try. So it was clear that in our building we h ad to do the same process.

( Fig 10.2.2.1) Expo 2020 Dubai's Al Wasl Plaza dome( google, 2019).

Zoning ( Fig 10.2.2.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

Circulation

Pavilions Exhibitions Entertainment & admin

( Fig 10.2.2.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.2.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

Technical studies

( Fig 10.8.2.5) Pavegen Kinetic Energy ( google, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.2.6) "Harvard - tech communications agency ( google, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.2.7) Pavegen Systems ( google, 2019).

CHAPTER X| INDIVEDUAL WORK 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM 10.8.3. Concept III : MAN’S MIND

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

Inspirations • Ideas go through the mind of man The brain is divided into maj or functional lobes as each lobe in the project is going to have different functions, but they have completed each other.

• The brain has a random, complex shape as using this complexity in the circulation of the project like maze. Each zone has its specific function but I completes each other in gathering areas and pathways.

( Fig 10.2.3.1) man’s brain ( google, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.3.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.2.3.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.3.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

Technical studies The rotational shading feature i s flexible shading components t hat used to manipulate daylight to reach the room, as my proje ct requirements for open air sp aces and public events the use of this rotational shading would offer favorable circumstances a nd more versatility in managing and coping with the shadows o f the outer spaces due to the ne eds over different times.

( Fig 10.2.3.5) rotating shading( google, 2019).

Author: 3

KHALED HOSNY 152791

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.3 KHALED HOSNY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

SLOGAN : Providing positive solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s built environment

AIM : The aim of the project is to create furniture expo to show new Damietta citizens skills in furniture

VISION : my vision for this project is going to rebirth a new branding city in Egypt

MISSION: attracting more tourist through the city branding project and exploring more of the New Damietta’s culture and skills

OBJECTIVE: City branding is a current topic that is important nowadays. Many cities have actively started to build and manage their city brands during the last decades.

PROJECT TARGET : jumping new Damietta to another level and upgrading the city by the it branding and grapping the investors attention and convincing them to invest in new Damietta

EXPECTED RESULTS AND BENEFITS : targeting investors and upgrading new Damietta and expanding the city

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.3 KHALED HOSNY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.1 CONCEPT I :

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES :Siting and structure design efficiency 2) Energy efficiency 3) Materials efficiency 4)Indoor environmental quality enhancement 5)Operations and maintenance optimization 6)Waste reduction.

And shading devices are related to the solar moment. As the sun rises in the east and sets in the west by moving along south

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.3 KHALED HOSNY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.2 CONCEPT II :

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Green Building Designs & Sustainable Architecture, off grid power & water systems, zero energy HVAC systems & integrated Bio-systems.

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.3 KHALED HOSNY

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.1.3 CONCEPT III :

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Green Building Materials and Finishes. By making it a priority to purchase steel, lumber, concrete, and finishing materials,

Author: 4

MOHAMMED AHMED 152767

100

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB

SLOGAN : “one team one dream�

AIM: Targeting the investors and businessmen to attract them to the biggest approach in the middle east.

furniture

VISION: To attract the buyers by showing them furniture production skills and handcrafts that help us to offer our product . As well as, to establish the project to be an attracting center for inside and outside investors and buyers to turn Damietta to be the capital of furniture. Create an expo that will move furniture production to a high place.

MISSION: To increase the rate of selling, by making a system to attract the investors and buyers who are interested in the field of production of furniture, that is by raising the

marketing of the furniture.

This is achieved by setting serval exhibitions and showing halls, targeting the investors and buyers of the companies to spend their money on furniture production due to what they saw in our project.

OBJECTIVE:

-

Revive the old hand crafts in this age of the industrial revolution that their no place for hand crafts men .

-

Introduce all the production process by the craft men to the investors to help us in the marketing phase.

-

Make Damietta a capital of the furniture production in the middle east .

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB

10.4.1 CONCEPT I : Split

Inspiration:

+ (Fig.10.4.1.1) sea waves section(pinterest, 2019)

(Fig.10.4.1.3)shell grid (pinterest, 2019) (Fig.10.4.1.2) (orsay museum, 2019)

The shell shape concentrates and focuses on one point and using this type of grid means that you have a very important point or element in your project, with using the wave shapes gives the project a dynamic shape.

Conceptual Sketches: (author, 2019) • By concentrating and moving to the focal point of the project that is the gathering area of the investors and having a big plaza to use it with deferent activates and events. • Using the tent structure system in the exhibitions to cover a big area with a light system

(Fig. 10.4.1.4)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.1.5)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.1.6)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB Technological Studies Interactive roofs Interactive roofs: The live roofs can be used as a bird-friendly environment to separate sun and heat. Each block or block contains sensitive optics that sensibly increase the total strength produced by each cell by sensing the inner solar radiation through small sun-cells. The generated electricity can be used to operate, save or use the building to charge electric cars in batteries.

Smart Brick

Smart Brick provides buildings with their energy needs.

(Fig. 10.4.1.7) Green Roof (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | NBBJ, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.1.9) smart blocks (pintrest,2019) (Fig. 10.4.1.8)glass solar brick(pintrest,2019)

Rooftop sensors •

Rooftop sensors control the building’s lighting and climate control, significantly reducing energy use.

• Glass walls provide ample natural lighting during the day while blocking solar gain.

• A perimeter of trees also filters light appropriately in summer and winter months.

(Fig. 10.4.1.10) landscape trees (Ortablu.org, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.1.11. rooftop sensors (Ortablu.org, 2019)

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB 10.4.2 CONCEPT II : ship anchor

Inspiration:

(Fig.10.4.2.2) anchor sketch (pinterest, 2019)

(Fig.10.4.2.1) anchor (2019)

The anchor is very small part in the ship, but it affects the stability of it and keeps the ship in the beach.

Conceptual Sketches: (author, 2019) • The anchor is the small tool that will lead the furniture production in Damietta to be the capital of furniture in the middle east.

• connecting the complex of the project visually by making a great experience of visiting the project.

(Fig. 10.4.2.3)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.2.4)conceptual sketch(author, 2019) 104

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB Technological Studies

Inner courtyard These courtyards in inns or public buildings often were the primary meeting points for certain purposes which led to other court-sensing purposes. All court and yard words come from the same root, which means an enclosed space.

(Fig. 10.4.2.5) Inner courtyard(pintrest,2019)

Shading It is used for decrease the sun light that enter the buildings and to decrease the heat gain from all over the day as the sun there very powerful. It also work on cooling the air that enter the building

Modern Mashrabiya

(Fig. 10.4.2.6) Shading (pintrest,2019)

Modern Mashrabiya has an artistic side for it is an ornate panel, therefore it is versatile to be built in endless patterns and therefore fit with the theme of the project. The project is a very special feature.

(Fig. 10.4.2.7) Modern Mashrabiya (pintrest,2019)

(Fig. 10.4.2.8) Modern Mashrabiya (pintrest,2019)

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB 10.4.3 CONCEPT III : Divaricate

Inspiration: (tree branches )

Jiraria – Tree City Shell grid :

(Fig.10.4.3.1) Jiraria – Tree City Project perspective (pinterest, 2019) (Fig.10.4.3.2)tree branches (pinterest, 2019)

This scheme enables the site to be extensively adapted to link every branch to create spaces and streets The Jiraria project’s urban implantation is inspired by the “Y RHIZOME TREESYSTEM”.Onthe ground floor the premises are separated is to allow pedestrians to circulate freely.

Conceptual Sketches: (author, 2019) • By creating the circulation of the project by the nodes the tree branches to make every space in this project is connected in a flexible way

(Fig. 10.4.3.4)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.3.3)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.3.5)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.4.3.6)conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB Technological Studies

Tree-shaped structure system The tree-shaped structure systems in facades will ensure on nature inspired design, and a cheerful and hopeful place will be created.

(Fig. 10.4.3.7) The Tote Restaurant, Mumbai, (pinterest, 2019)

Roof Pond System - The water will give up its heat by means of a radiant cooling during the summer evening.

- The sun is shielded by the hot outside air during the summer day while the water serves as a heat sink for the layer below.

-During the winter day, the sun is exposed to black plastic bags, in a network of roof bonding.

- A rigid insulation sheet slides over the water during the winter night.

(Fig. 10.4.3.8) Roof Pond System, (pinterest, 2019)

Water feature It is used to cool the air that comes from the south into the building and is not in the countryside.

(Fig. 10.4.3.9) Water feature, (pinterest, 2019)

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FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED KULIB 10.4.4 Environmental Sustainability Approach Rammed earth (bearing wall): It is a construction system that use many materials from soil by compressed them to form the building. It is very useful there as the climate there very hot and there are many of soils there to be enter the form of the walls.

(Fig 10.4.4.1), ("Rammed earth 2019).

(Fig 10.4.4.2), ("Rammed earth 2019).

Accessible Green roofs Increase air quality by CO2 reduction (Green Roofs, 2018).

Insulating homes, both heating and cooling costs are reduced (Green Roofs, 2018).

The remediation method will help to absorb sound and noise properties by closing off space ("Green Roofs," 2018).

Enhance rooftop waterproofing life expectancy due to UV-protection and mechanical effects ("Green Roofs" 2018).

Reduce the urban heat effect of surrounding air by cooling and moisturizing it ("Green Roofs," 2018).

Offer the inhabitants appealing views and comfort (Green Roofs, 2018).

(Fig 10.4.4.3), Accessible Green roofs (2019).

Umbrella roof keeps rain offside walls allows fullest use of wall ventilation openings.

(Fig 10.4.4.4), Umbrella roof (2019).

Trees on the west and east sides can block low sunlight in the morning and afternoon.

(Fig 10.4.4.5), Trees(2019).

Author: 5

MOHAMED MAHMOUD 155453

109

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.5 MOHAMED ELBORMA

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

SLOGAN : “NEW THOUGHT … BRIGHT FUTURE”

AIM : Attracting external investment to Egypt and highlighting the wealth of Damietta, the furniture industry VISION : To draw purchasers to give them the skills in furniture and manufacturing which enable us to sell our brand. In addition, the project will be built as an enticing hub for investors and buyers inside and outside to make Damietta the furnishings city. Build a show to push the output of furniture to a top spot.

MISSION: The main objective of the project is to collect small Damietta workshops under one roof so that they can promote and market themselves and their products and develop their thinking and innovation in the furniture industry Increase the national income of the new Damietta and start to attract a new concept of tourism, which is industrial tourism

OBJECTIVE: City branding is an important topic today. In the last decades, several municipalities have consciously started developing and running their business labels. Today, cities all over the world compete for and focus on various target markets. Cities aim to increase foreign direct investment and attract city brands to visitors, companies, staff, talent, and residents.

The new Damietta has been promoted to become the leader of the furniture industry in the Middle East and its capital

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.5 MOHAMED ELBORMA

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

10.5.1 CONCEPT I : "CRACKED EARTH" Inspiration: The texture of cracked earth. Background for design on the theme of the concept of ecology." can be used for personal and commercial purposes according to the conditions of the project.

(Fig.10.5.1.1) The texture of cracked earth (photo by author , 2019)

Conceptual Sketches: • this concept was inspired from the nature of new Damietta's land,this pattern creats a natural circulation to the project and covering the project with a green layer to keep the temperature in the comfort zone..

• the project opens to the sky between a network of gaps and provides shade for people and plant life below.`.

(Fig.10.5.1.2) layout (sketch by author , 2019)

(Fig.10.5.1.3) section (sketch by author , 2019)

(Fig.10.5.1.4) section (sketch by author , 2019)

CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.5 MOHAMED ELBORMA

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Lightning solar tubes Lightning solar piping cylinder capability is moderately similar to skylights, however solar tubing can achieve interior spaces in which traditional windows and skylights can not reach by means of a number of reflection in the cylinder until it accomplishes within the cylinder. (solartube.com,2018) They are also seen to be environmentallyfriendly because it reduces the need for energy and also ensures that customers are able to monitor light beams and infrared beams in the sun, which can cause overheating in the interior. (solartube.com,2018)

(Fig.10.5.1.5) Lightning solar tubes (Pinter est,2015)

(Fig.10.5.1.6 ) Lightning solar tubes (Pinterest,2018)

10.5.2 CONCEPT II : " WOOD CRACKED (main spine and sub-spine) " Inspiration: The axis was mainly inspired from the main cracked from wooden panel and follow with plaza in main point and contained with court in building with studied heights to get a neutral lighting and ventilation.

(Fig.10.5.2.1) The texture of cracked in wood panel (shutterstock,2019)

(Fig.10.5.2.2) The main axis inspiration sketch (photo by author , 2019)

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Conceptual Sketches:

(Fig.10.5.2.3) plan (photo by author , 2019)

(Fig.10.5.2.4) evaluation of plan phases (photo by author , 2019)

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : louver works:

The louver works to cover the building construct a more distinctive faรงade and enhance the environment in the city.

(Fig.10.5.2.5) double hug windows (google,2018)

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10.5.3 CONCEPT III : "Overlapping layers & steps"

(Fig.10.5..1) Model for a stepped building using the roof of every layer for a function.

(Fig.10.5.3.2) Sketch for a stepped layer ( Google,2019)

Overlapping layers & steps : The reason behind the idea that the exhibition aims to rise to the new Damietta economically, making it an important city in the world of furniture and first in the Middle East Conceptual Sketches:

(Fig.10.5.3.4) Model for a stepped exposition using the roof of every layer for a function. (Author , 2019)

(Fig.10.5.3.3) plan for steped exposition (Author , 2019)

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Dynamic Faรงade: A facade that can react and adjust to the external environmental conditions The processes of active facades mostly focus on changes indoors by means of various types of sensors. In response to these changes, the faรงade starts.

(Fig.10.5.3.5) dynamic Facade System ( Google,2018)

(Fig.10.5.3.6) J.,ausanne Federa l School of AppliedArts (Google,2018)

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SLOGAN : “REVIVING THE CITY'S TALENT”

AIM : creating a place close to the Damietta's sea that helps the marketing of new Damietta city and make it a land mark attracting all the tourists to see the city talent in furniture .

VISION : revive the main reason of Damietta's city that built for, Providing an international place that helps commercial tourism achieve the social and economic sustainability for the new Damietta .

MISSION: Creating the right atmosphere for the client, the investor and the craftsmen.

Employing the largest number of craftsmen and reviving the Damietta craft and publishing it to the public.

OBJECTIVE: 1. making city branding by using the Damietta furniture product in tourism.

2. commercial tourism will run the wheel of the economy in the both Damietta's. We can use this point to attract the tourists to invest their money in the furniture.

3. Learning more .

PROJECT TARGET : • • • •

Craftsmen Investors Tourism, Governments

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CONCEPTS SLOGAN : “ THE POWER OF NATURE “

“IN ALL THINGS OF NATURE THERE IS SOMETHING THE MARVELOUS.” ARISTOTLE

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10.6.1 CONCEPT I : "The Link "

Inspiration :

Tree is most using material in the Damietta city, Because it is the only material for the furniture industry there .

This inspired me for the tree ring dating and the crack of the circles' on the tree diameter .

This is the power of nature.

Phase 1: from the center of the tree ring there are many Cracks that Separate circuits.

Phase2: These cracks serve the main circulation in the building , that centralized the main zone of the project (the heart of the building)

(Fig. 10.6.1.1) tree ring dating (google, 2019)

Phase3: Covering the building with sheet that have the same shape of cracks

1 (Fig. 10.6.1.3)3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

2

3

(Fig. 10.6.1.2)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.1.4)3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019)

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : shell structure , light structure : Modeling of structural elements, such as membranes and thin shells, is widely used in many engineering fields. In civil engineering applications, their elegance, effectiveness and optimal material usage make these light weight structures an ideal construction element.

(Fig. 10.6.1.5)shell structure (google, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.1.6) shell str. Sketch (author, 2019)

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10.6.2 CONCEPT II : “From Beginning To End” Organic form Everything in its beginning is small and over time it is formed into something bigger. For example the seed germination .

Also this concept depended on this idea, that make the zones Gradient (from small to large) .

(Fig. 10.6.2.1) Seed germination (author, 2019)

This is the power of nature.

(Fig. 10.6.2.4)main zoning in the project (author, 2019)

The figure show the main zones and it’s scale, The biggest zone is the main expo Next zone is the pavilions Then the entertainment zone And at the end the work shops zone (Fig. 10.6.2.2)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019)

This show the beginning and the end of the furniture industry also .

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Pavegen tiles: As you walk over the pave gen tiles, the pressure of the footsteps generates a renewable energy, and this pressure produces kinetic energy that can be converted into electricity by this technology.

Footsteps can power a variety of local applications with Pavegen tech including LED lighting, data capture and transmission, and environmental monitoring.

(Fig. 10.6.2.5) pavegen tiles (google, 2019)

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10.1.3 CONCEPT III : "Artery Of Life"

Inspiration :

(main spine )

We all know that the main thing that flow the blood to our body is the artery , also I think for the main artery for Damietta new city to revive the main reason of Damietta's city that built for.

This is the power of nature.

(Fig. 10.6.3.1) Artery of plant (google, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.3) first conceptual sketch (author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.4)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019)

10.6.3.2 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES: :

Inspiration :

1. Dynamic Facade Faรงades are the building's most important and recognizable component, contributing to enhanced appearance and environmental quality in buildings. Facades play a major role in a building's performance. This represents the boundary between the internal space and the external world. This means that the faรงade is the medium through which the activity interacts, Indoors and outdoors.

The picture of a building is reflected by the faรงade model, and therefore for the users.

(Fig. 10.6.3.5) Parking Structure Art Facade / Rob Ley Studio(arcdaily, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.6) Parking Structure Art Facade / Rob Ley Studio(arcdaily, 2019)

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10.6.3.2 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES: :

(Fig. 10.6.3.7) wood (author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.8)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.9) Dynamic Facade (google, 2019)

(Fig. 10.6.3.10) Dynamic Faรงade strategies (google, 2019)

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CHAPTER X | INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.7 RAWAN HASSAN SLOGAN : INTERACTIVE ORIGINALITY!

AIM : The aim of the project is City branding and to achieve it by creating a Furniture Expo that will attract tourists and people to visit new Damietta due to its lack of expressing skills of the furniture workers. In addition to creating a society for skilled workers to display their work/skills.

VISION : The vision of this project is to create a Furniture Expo that will open gateways for investors in New Damietta and it will help solve the city branding issue, unemployment, and tourism in New Damietta.

MISSION: Through the problem of city branding of furniture in New Damietta, the mission and target is to explore more of the New Damietta’s culture and skills and how to make it through architectural and urban solution with achieving sustainability and modern technology goals and how to use it in marketing for New Damietta and how to make tourists think about visiting there.

OBJECTIVE: After studies all social, contextual, environmental urban fabric and other architectural aspects, I chose “ Furniture expo” which I believe that it will be the solution of this problem, in addition to the marketing benefits which they can achieve it by marketing this project iconic and unique place that will be a must visit while visiting New Damietta. “ The being of everything is in its interconnections and interaction with it. We always have an understanding of this contextualizing character of mood by way of our experience”. (Ardehali,2007). Concluding this by creating a Furniture Expo to encourage visitors to explore the exhibits by living the experience in a practicability way without any constraints.

PROJECT TARGET: Targeting people of Damietta, tourists, and investors. To initiate city branding!

FURNITURE EXPO CITY

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10.7.1 CONCEPT I : “MOLECULAR EXPRESSIONS" Carving and carpenting is what New Damietta known for, and this concept expresses the wood carvings, cutting, and creativity

(Fig 10.7.1.1) Microscopic image from tangential wood sections (Google, 2019)

Acts as a barrier shell to: 1. Indoor, outdoor connection: Improve indoor environment quality, proving daylights and views 2. Local & unique → giving people original experiences and glimpses into another world through architecture

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10.7.2 CONCEPT II : “GEOMETRICAL TARGET" Targeting a space “ New Damietta” Targeting people “ Tourists, Workers”

Targeting a space

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10.7.3 CONCEPT III : “AMPHIBIOUS" Beach waves due to the existence of Mediterranean sea in New Damietta, creating a shell structure for the project.

(Fig. 10.7.3.1.), Beach wave (Google, 2019)

(Fig. 10.7.3.2.) Building Structure, (Authors, 2019)

Creating a building structure out of the movement and circulation of the beach waves

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10.7.4 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES: 1. Intelligent Kinetic Shading Device: Providing shading (sunscreen) according to the sun direction and its intense; and these devices are totally useful in facades that have long and constant exposure to the sun (southern facades) also, it doesn’t block the view permanently from the buildings. Besides, its advantage it gives unique form to the building facades.

(Fig. 10.7.4.1), Kinetic Shading System (Pinterest, 2017)

2. Installing Green Roof: Has a vital advantage of how to reduce the negative impact of development while providing huge environmental, economic, and social benefits. It also develop storm water management by decreasing the run of and improving water quality, protects energy, relief the urban heat island, reduce noise and air pollution, isolate carbon and offer space for urban agriculture. (Green Roof Research, 2016)

(Fig. 10.7.4.2), Kinetic Shading System (Pinterest, 2017)

(Fig. 10.7.4.3), Stepped Green Roof (D-Lim Architects, 2017)

(Fig. 10.7.4.4),Green Roof (Kevin Songer, 2010)

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10.8 RAYAN MOHAMED “Your pride for your country should not come after your country becomes great; your country becomes great because of your pride in it.” ― Idowu Koyenikan

SLOGAN: “City branding through the city’s talent” .

( Fig 10.8.1) Carpenter sketch ( Authors, 2019).

VISION : To conserve New Damietta’s identity, talent as well as the marketing / branding movement for the city that will make it able to complements the city of Damietta to accomplish worldwide competiveness in furniture manufacturing as well as serving the delta’s north and east in commerce, tourism.

MISSION: To clarify how New Damietta’s

( Fig 10.8.2) New Damietta ( Authors, 2019).

community can work on branding to their city and brand for its recognizable identity through their talent in the furniture industry and by focusing on youth , men and investors potentials whom want to give the maximum to this profession.

OBJECTIVE: preserving the identity of Damietta through a new approach which is the city branding by exposing the talents in the furniture manufacturing as well as strengthen the identity. Expo city will help in this enhancement.

GOALS: Promoting and encouraging tourism an d market in Damietta in the commercial and exporting field.

( Fig 10.8.3) Damietta’s community ( Authors, 2019).

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10.8.1 Concept I Urban connections Concept statement According to the map analysis that showed different pattern of main roads that some of them have a direct and some of them have an indirect relation to the site, as well as it showed an urban fabric/ pattern directly in front of the site, So this concept mainly is focusing on layering the site surrounding context together in addition to the prevailing and north winds.

Layer 1

( Fig 10.8.1.1) New Damietta’s map ( Google maps, 2019).

Layer 2

( Fig 10.8.1.2) Road pattern ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.1.3) Urban fabric ( Author, 2019).

Inspired road patterns from the surrounding context.

Inspired urban pattern/ fabric from the surrounding context.

Layer 3

( Fig 10.8.1.4) Wind directions( Author, 2019).

Prevailing wind direction North wind direction Horizontality of the beach

Smoothness for the lines and clarifying the roads and the urban fabric lines in order to put together and start forming masses Developments Layer 1

Layer 3

Layer 2

( Fig 10.8.1.5 ) 3 layers of the patterns ( Author, 2019).

Combining the three layers together then start forming the nodes that helped in creating the masses according to the lines and axis and with respect to the three combined layers.

( Fig 10.8.1.6 ) Final layer( Author, 2019).

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10.8.1 Concept I Urban pattern of roads

Concept development After Combining the three layers together then start forming masses according to the nodes that created an axis to the beach view in front of the site.

( Fig 10.8.1.7) Nodes( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.1.8) Conceptual mass( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.1.9) Conceptual mass ( Author, 2019).

Inspiration

Natural lighting in circulation and also shading devices and self shading on it

( Fig 10.8.1.10) Museum of the built environment ( Author, 2019).

Technological studies Shell structure, In building development, a flimsy, bended plate structure molded to transmit applied powers by compressive, ductile, and shear focuses on that demonstration in the plane of the surface. They are typically developed of concrete reinforced with steel work (see shotcrete). Shell structure started in 1920s; the shell rose as a significant long-length solid structure after World War II. Slim allegorical shell vaults hardened with ribs have been developed with ranges to around 300 ft (90 m). Progressively unpredictable types of solid shells have been made, including hyperbolic paraboloids, or seat shapes, and meeting allegorical vaults under 0.5 in. (1.25 cm) thick.

( Fig 10.8.1.11) Shell structure (Archdaily , 2015).

( Fig 10.8.1.12) Shell structure (Archdaily , 2015).

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10.8.2 Concept II The four variations of production Concept statement This concept clarifies the four phases in the furniture industry in New Damietta and shows how the process goes from the beginning of the carpentry work till the end when it be ready for display. The configuration of the four phases of the furniture industry respects the golden ratio as it allows for varying shapes and brings balance and heights

( Fig 10.8.2.2) Conceptual shot( Author, 2019).

Small workshops

Workshops

Factory

Exhibitions

( Fig 10.8.2.1) Four phases of the furniture industry ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.2.3) Conceptual shot( Author, 2019).

The configuration of the four phases of the furniture industry respects the golden ratio

( Fig 10.8.2.4) Golden ration ( Author, 2019).

Concept development

( Fig 10.8.2.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

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10.8.2 Concept II The four variations of production Concept development

( Fig 10.8.2.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.2.6) Conceptual shot respecting golden ratio ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.2.8) Conceptual section ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.2.9) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

Technological studies Kinetic facades Kinetic facade is one of the structures that dynamically changes, enabling development to happen on a structure's surface. This makes 'skinlike enunciation' impact, and is an augmentation of the possibility that a structure's envelope is a functioning framework as opposed to only a holder.

An active faรงade can be utilized to oversee light, air, vitality, and even data. They can also be solar gain reducer as they also, permitting the entry of outside air into the structure, modifying the inside condition. The moving components of the faรงade can be modified to react to climatic or other ecological or environmental variables, time, levels and sort of inhabitance to improve execution and effectiveness.

( Fig 10.8.2.10) Kiefer technic showroom (Archdaily, 2016).

( Fig 10.8.2.11) YESOU Expo in Korea (Archdaily, 2017).

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10.8.3 Concept III Experiential design The art and science of shaping the customer experience Concept statement This concepts focuses on the main problem of the project which is the city branding and the marketing problem that New Damietta face. That made the city’s economy decrease. So this concepts plays on the psychology of the client through letting him move in one way circulation, seeing all the products that are arranged in a way that complement each other and meet their needs. Drive Sales higher by Connecting with Shoppers.

Concept development

( Fig 10.8.3.1) Conceptual zoning ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.3.2) Circulation( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.3.3) Conceptual mass( Author, 2019).

The art and knowledge of molding the zoning and letting the user interacts within. with joint effort with inhabitants that are made to comprehend clients' needs and desires—this means all the more returning clients and more brand representatives as well as a huge turn to the marketing movement The one way circulation path existed created a conceptual mass that turned to have an accessible green roof through ramps tad this complemented the idea of the client’s interaction with the project more.

( Fig 10.8.3.4) Ehwa women uni. (Archdaily, 2016).

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10.8.3 Concept III Concept development The circulation created an interior that doesn’t reflect the exterior, the exterior mass is meant to be outstanding and iconic to support the idea of the branding

( Fig 10.8.3.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.3.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.3.6) Conceptual shot( Author, 2019).

( Fig 10.8.3.8) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019).

IKEA's worldwide boss creator, has uncovered the furniture organization's stores are assembled like labyrinths so they appear walking through catalogue.

( Fig 10.8.3.9) IKEA ( Pinterest, 2016).

( Fig 10.8.3.10) IKEA ( Pinterest, 2016).

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10.8.3 Concept III Technological studies Louvres A Louver is a ventilation item that enables air to go through it while keeping out undesirable components, for example, water, dirty elements and trashes.

Louvres are incorporated for most structure types as it provides wind stream to the structure administrations framework and to give climate capacity against downpour entrance. Louvre systems in architecture frameworks can likewise be utilized for basic screening on structures and as well as providing an economical and aesthetically solution.

( Fig 10.8.3.7) louvres ( Pinterest, 2016).

10.8.4 Sustainable approach Achieving a sustainable life to New Damietta’s community in a in such a way that the project will be able to adapt with the environmental problems that the earth is facing lately Keywords

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

-Community.

-Different activities.

-Different cultures.

-Local materials.

-Recycling.

-Air quality.

-Furniture manufacturing improvement.

-Stimulating the eco cycle.

-Fund the project’s continuity.

( Fig 10.8.4.1) Sustainable approach ( Pinterest, 2016).

Social sustainability Achieving the social approach in the project through targeting New Damietta’s community that will cooperate together, marketing for their city and for their identity by their talent, As well as the project’s program includes many interactive and open spaces that will provide the interaction and awareness among them through the social sustainability.

Economic sustainability: Achieving economic sustainability in the project by revealing about new Damietta’s identity as well as the talent they possess that will help in marketing as well as raising income and afford more job opportunities.

Environmental sustainability: Using green buildings that in its operation eliminates or takes out negative effects as well as creating positive effects, on the environmental aspect as for the climate. it conserves natural resources as well as it enhance the environment's quality. ( Fig 10.8.4.2) Shanghai Natural History Museum( Archdaily, 2016).

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER XI :

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Nanjing Eco-Tech Island. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/8721 43/nanjing-eco-tech-island-exhibition-centre-nbbj-plus-jiangsu-provincial.

Shuang, H. (2019). Shijiazhuang International Convention & Exhibition Center / THAD. ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/920606/shijiazhuang-international-convention-and-exhibition-center-thad Archiscene Your Daily Architecture & Design Update. (2019). Shijiazhuang International Exhibition and Convention Centre by Woods Bagot. https://www.archiscene.net/mixed-use/shijiazhuang-internationalexhibition-convention-centre-woods-bagot/ Shuang, H. (2019). Shijiazhuang International Convention & Exhibition Center / THAD. ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/920606/shijiazhuang-international-convention-and-exhibition-center-thad Feng, S. (2019). The World Expo Museum / ECADI. [online] ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/877658/theworld-expo-museum-architectural-creation-department-ecadi Pinterest. (2019).

Ancient 'air-conditioning' cools building sustainably | Green architecture, Architecture, Building. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/23784704261588372/ designboom | architecture & design magazine. (2019). pearl academy of fashion | designboom.com. https://www.designboom.com/project/pearl-academy-of-fashion/ Pearl Academy. (2019). Best College in India for Design & Fashion, Business & Media Courses - Pearl Academy. https://pearlacademy.com/ CollegeDekho. (2019). Pearl Academy- School of Fashion Styling and Textile (PASFST), Delhi Images, Photos, Videos, Gallery | Collegedekhohttps://www.collegedekho.com/colleges/pictures-pearl-academy-school-of-fashionstyling-and-textile .

CHAPTER VIII : SUSTAINABILITY

Safehazard.blogspot.com. (2019). What is safety ?. [online] Available at: https://safehazard.blogspot.com/2011/04/whatis-safety.html [Accessed 1 Dec. 2019].

Medium. (2019). Permaculture Ethics, Corporate Sustainability & the Triple Bottom-Line. [online] Available at: https://medium.com/@dftchemist/permaculture-ethics-corporate-sustainability-the-triple-bottom-line-d0082e1afbd4 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2019].

Scammon, D. (2017). Sustainability and Culture: How do they work together?. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http:// www.academia.edu/l 8 l 796 l/Sustainability _and_ Culture_ How_ do _they_ work_ together [Accessed 22 Dec. 2017]. Woodcraft, S., Bacon, N., Caistor-Arendar, L. and Hackett, T. (2012).

DESIGN FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY A framework for creating thriving new communities. [ebook] Social Life.

Available at: http://www.social-life.co/ [Accessed 23 Dec. 2017]. ArchDaily. (2018).

The 'World's Greenest Commercial' Building Opens in Seattle Today. [online] Available at: https://www. archdaily.com/363007 /the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today [ Accessed 5 Jan. 2018]. ULI Case Studies. (2018).

Bullitt Center I ULI Case Studies. [ online] Available at: https://casestudies.uli.org/bullitt-center/ [Accessed s Jan. 2018].

CNBC. (2018). Ten of the world's most sustainable buildings. [ online] Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2014/08/11/ ten-of-the-worlds-most-sustainable-buildings.html ?slide=2 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2018].

Pablotittonell.net. (2018). Green, sustainable, smart or ecological? I Pablo Tittonell. [ online] Available at: http://www.pablotittonell. net/2016/06/green-sustaina ble-smart-or-ecological/ [Accessed s Jan. 2018].

CHAPTER IX : DESIGN REQUIREMENS authority, n. u. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/Damietta/default.aspx authority, n. u. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/StatisticsOracle.aspx?Oracle_id=1966&page_id=5109&YearID=23354 galal, a. (2018). exhibition. building standard. galal, a. (2018). expo. building standard . galal, a. (2018). kitchen. building standard . galal, a. (2018). services. building standard.

Neufert, E. (1950). kitchen. neufert.

Neufert, E. (2000). restaurant . neufert.

Neufert, E. (2000). theater . neufert.

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN ELZOMOR olomon R. Guggenheim Museum. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://travelguide.michelin.com/northamerica/united-states/new-york/new-york/manhattan/solomon-r-guggenheim-museum.

Johnston, J. (2019). Pharaoh Peaks. Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh_Peaks#/media/File:Pharaoh_Peaks_from_Healy_Pass.jpg The Obelisk of Luxor, Place de la Concorde, Paris,(c) Florescence | Paris, Luxor, Concorde. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/289215607295872430/?lp=true Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF). (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://systems.arch.ethz.ch/research/activeand-adaptive-components/asf-adaptive-solar-facade.html Facade, A. (2019). Architecture Solar Facade. Retrieved 2 December 2019, from http://navy.club.flicflacevent.de/xxxx/architecture-solar-facade.html ASF -. Adaptive Solar Facade. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from http://www.moritz-begle.com/asf---adaptivesolar-facade.html 54 Best murphy images | Fashion photography, Editorial fashion, Portrait photography. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/alexmartin1222/murphy/ Timber Dealers Bemoan Imposition Of Fire Service License Fee. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/137678/timber-dealers-bemoan-imposition-of-fire-service-license-fee.htm The Newly Opened World’s Tallest Indoor Waterfall - #greatindoors #Indoor #Newly #Opened #Tallest #waterfall #Worlds in 2019 | Indoor waterfall, Waterfall, Singapore. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/759841768362566615/?lp=true Singapore, Jewel Changi Airport, a mixed-use development by architect... (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/singapore-jewel-changi-airport-royalty-free-image/1142333446 heights, g., heights, g., heights, g., heights, g., heights, g., heights, g., & heights, g. (2019). greenerheights. Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://greenerheights.wordpress.com/ Fulton, R. (2019). Snow Report: Big snowfalls set for Alps, Dolomites and Pyrenees. Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.snowmagazine.com/news/snow-report-big-snowfalls-set-for-alps-dolomites-and-pyrenees 43 Best green roofs images in 2019 | Green, Living roofs, Green building. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/outsidethebox2/green-roofs/ 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM windcatcher. (n.d.)Retrieved from http://www.spechtharpman.com/2011/05/ 10.4 MOHAMMED AHMED Pinterest. (2019). 56 Best grid shell architecture images | Architecture, Shell structure, Grid. [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/richwilliams140/grid-shell-architecture/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2019].

My concept tattoo idea. What you guys think? #tattoo #tree #anchor #compass #lantern #idea #realistic | Anchor tattoo design, Tree sleeve tattoo, Anchor tattoos. (2019). Retrieved 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/239113061442532822/?lp=true The House of Three Trees / JK-AR. (2019). Retrieved 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/921955/thehouse-of-three-trees-jk-ar Project Week for 9-18-17: Gates Foundation & Seattle Center Garage. (2019). Retrieved 2019, from https://www.greenroofs.com/2017/09/17/project-of-the-week-for-september-18-2017-bill-melinda-gatesfoundation-seattle-center-5th-avenue-north-parking-garage/ The Tote Restaurant, Mumbai / Organic architecture | Organic architecture, Green architecture, Architecture details. (2019). Retrieved 2019, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/467741111280182363/?lp=true Garden, H., HowStuffWorks, Science, Science, & Science. (2019). What is a Green Roof?. Retrieved 2019,

10.5 MOHAMED ELBORMA Tech Resources. (1n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.solatube.com/support/technical-resources-list.

10.6 NADA MOHAMED M. (n.d.). Pave gen;s floor tiles. Retrieved 2017, from https://www.dezeen.com/2 017 /10/27 /movie-mini-living-pavegen-flooring-system-power-future-smart-cities “Parking Structure Art Facade / Rob Ley Studio.” ArchDaily, 15 Aug. 2014, www.archdaily.com/536756/parkingstructure-art-facade-urbana.

Valdés, J. G., et al. “Nonlinear Analysis of Orthotropic Membrane and Shell Structures Including Fluid-Structure Interaction.” Monograph CIMNE, 1 Jan. 2007, www.scipedia.com/public/Valdes-Vazquez_2007.

10.8 RAYAN MOHAMED Current economic situation (2012).Egypt, new Damietta: Urban planning and commission.

Damietta. (2019). Damietta. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/maps/place/New+Damietta+City,+Damietta+Governorate [Accessed 2019]. analyses, c. (2019). Energy Design Tools. [online] Energy-design-tools.aud.ucla.edu. Available at: http://www.energydesign-tools.aud.ucla.edu/ [Accessed 2019].

ArchDaily. (2019). Louvre Abu Dhabi / Ateliers Jean Nouvel. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/883157/louvre-abu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel [Accessed 2 Dec. 2019].

LoopNet. (2019). Engage Customers with Experiential Retail Spaces. [online] Available at: https://www.loopnet.com/learn/engage-customers-with-experiential-retail-spaces/225101630/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2019].

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ((Fig. 1.2.1) Nile Delta, Egypt (Google maps,2019 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 1.3.1) roads (googlemaps,2019 . Edited by author,2019)

CHAPTER II : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (Fig. 2.2.1) Chairs Along eras (Pinterest, 2019) (Fig. 2.3.1) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2004 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 2.3.2) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2007 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 2.3.3) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2011 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 2.3.4) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2013 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 2.3.5) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2017 . Edited by author,2019) (Fig. 2.3.6) New Damietta city (Google Earth, 2019 . Edited by author,2019)

CHAPTER III : URBAN ANALYSIS (Fig 3.1.1), land-use, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 3.1.2), chart showing land-use, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.1.3), residential, New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.1.4), mosque , New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.2.1), building heights, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 3.2.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.2.3), building heights statics, New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.3.1), building conditions, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 3.3.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.3.3), building conditions(good), New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.3.4), building conditions(bad), New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.4.1), solid and void, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 3.4.2), chart showing solid and void, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.4.3), solid and void statics, New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.5.1), road hierarchy, New Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 3.5.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.5.3), road hierarchy statics, New Damietta, (Author, 2019).

(Fig 3.6.1) New Damietta Map (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 3.7.1.1) Skyline (Authors, 2019) (Fig 3.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019) (Fig 3.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019) (Fig 3.7.3.1) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 3.7.3.2) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 3.7.3.3) University (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 3.7.3.4) Mixed use Building (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 3.10.1) Temperature, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

(Fig 3.10.2) Sun Shading, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

(Fig 3.10.3) Wind direction & speed, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

(Fig 3.10.4) Wind rose, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

CHAPTER IV : PROJECT SELECTION (Fig. 4.2.1) Observed problems ( Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 4.3.1) Conserving Damietta’s talents( Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 4.4.1) Project Strategies (Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 4.4.2) Project objectives (Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 4.4.3) Project main functions (Authors, 2019).

CHAPTER V : SITE SELECTION (Fig 5.1.1) site selection criteria, (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.1.1) site selection, new Damietta map, (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.1.2), site I new Damietta (author, 2019). (fig 5.1.3) site II, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.1.4) site III, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.1) site selection, new Damietta map, (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.2) site I, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.3) site II, new Damietta (author, 2019). (fig 5.2.4) site III, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.2.1), land-use, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.2.2.2), chart showing land-use, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.3.1), building condition, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.2.3.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.4.1), building heights, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.2.4.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.5.1), road hierarchy, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.2.5.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.2.6.1), solid and void, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.2.6.2), chart showing solid and void, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.1) site selection, new Damietta map, (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.2) site I, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.3) site II, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.4) site III, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.2.1), land-use, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.3.2.2), chart showing land-use, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.3.1), building condition, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.3.3.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.4.1), building heights, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.3.4.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.5.1), road hierarchy, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.3.5.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.3.6.1), solid and void, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.3.6.2), chart showing solid and void, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.2) site selection, new Damietta map , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.3) site I, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.4) site II, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.5) site III, new Damietta (author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.2.1), land-use, new Damietta, , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.2.2), chart showing land-use, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.3.1), building condition, new Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.3.2), chart showing building condition, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.4.1), building heights, new Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.4.2), chart showing building heights, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.5.1), road hierarchy, new Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.5.2), chart showing road hierarchy, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.4.6.1), solid and void, new Damietta, google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.4.6.2), chart showing solid and void, New Damietta (Author, 2019).

(Fig 5.5.1), the three sites, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

(Fig 5.5.2), the three cites location, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019

CHAPTER VI : DESIGN ISSUES ( Fig 6.1.1 ) interaction (Pinterest) 2019 ( Fig 6.1.2 ) daily interaction activities (Pinterest) 2019 ( Fig 6.1.3 ) interaction between people (Pinterest) 2019 ( Fig 6.1.4 ) interaction between people and building (Pinterest) 2019 ( Fig 6.1.5 ) interaction between people and space (Pinterest) 2019 ( Fig. 6.2.3.1), Circulation in Boston City Hall, (Pinterest, n.d), (Authors, 2019 ). ( Fig 6.2.3.2), Pass by Spaces (Author, 2019). ( Fig. 6.2.3.3), Pass Through Spaces , (Author, 2019). ( Fig.6.2.3.4), Terminate In A Space , (Author, 2019). ( Fig. 6.2.3.5), Moving walkway , (Author, 2019) (Fig. 6.2.3.6), Circulation in Boston City Hall , (Pinterest, n.d), (Authors, 2019).

(Fig 6.2.3.2), Pass by Spaces (Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.3), Pass Through Spaces , (Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.4), Terminate In A Space , (Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.5), Moving walkway , (Author, 2019) (Fig. 6.2.3.6), Circulation in Boston City Hall , (Pinterest, n.d), (Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.7), stairs, (Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.8), inside elevators ,(Author, 2019).

(Fig. (6.2.3.9), outside elevators,(Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.10), sloped elevators , (Author, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.11), Gogy Antony parking , (Authors, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.3.12),Outside horizontal parking , (Wired, 2016).

(Fig. 6.2.13),Inside vertical parking,(Pinterest, n.d).

(Fig. 6.2.14),Inside horizontal parking , (Gothia towers, n.d).

(Fig. 6.2.15),Circulation in Adrere-amellaleco-hotel in Siwa (designboom |architecture & design magazine, 2017).

(Fig. 6.2.16),Circulation in Adrere-amellaleco-hotel in Siwa , designboom |architecture & design magazine, 2019).

(Fig. 6.2.17), Ramp inside Museum ,(Guggenheim, n.d), (Authors, 2019).

(Fig 6.3.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) (Fig 6.3.2) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) (Fig 6.3.3) Furniture flexibility (Pinterest, 2018) (Fig 6.4.1) Aspects of comfort, (Authors, 2019) (Fig 6.4.2) diagram of thermal comfort (Fig 6.5.1) a simple example of color mood psychology. (sg.oberlo, 2018) (Fig 6.5.2) natural and artificial lighting . (Pinterest, 2017) (Fig 6.5.3) describe how the ceiling effect on a person. (archdaliy , 2018) (Fig 6.5.4) different form of space (design.epfl.ch , 2011) (Fig 6.5.5) Material of space in mood (Pinterest, 2019) (Fig 6.5.6) Banq Restaurant (Pinterest, 2018) (Fig 6.5.7) Khan El khalili (Pinterest, 2018) (Fig. 6.7.1) Centralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

(Fig. 6.7.2) Distributed image sketch (Authors , 2019).

(Fig. 6.7.3) Not centeralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

(Fig. 6.6.4) Wainwright building(Pinterest, 2016).

(Fig. 6.6.5) Waterfall house (Pinterest, 2015).

(Fig. 6.6.6) Auditorium building (Archdaily, 2016).

(Fig 6.6.7) Irregular geometrical shapes(Pinterest, 2015) (Fig 6.6.8) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) (Fig 6.7.1) Integra ONE Security in building (2019) (Fig 6.7.2) .Integra ONE Security in building (2019) (Fig 6.7.3) Integra ONE Security in building (2019) (Fig 6.8.1.) Safety Signs (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009) (Fig 6.8.2) Different Fire Protection Equipment (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009) (Fig 6.8.3) Escape circulation (Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009) (Fig 6.8.4) Sample of a fire escape plan(Ron Cafe& Harrington, 2009) (Fig 6.8.5) Evacuation Plan (2015) (Fig 6.8.6) Finetch controls Pvt, safety in building (2015)

CHAPTER VII : CASE STUDIES 7.1.2 EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER. (Fig7.1.2.1) EIEC building, (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.2) EIEC , (EIEC Website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.3) EIEC ISOMITRIC , (EIEC Website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.4) EIEC building layout (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.5) EIEC building layout , (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.6 ) EIEC component and utilities (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.7 ) EIEC plan (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.8 ) EIEC elevation (Authors, 2019) (Fig7.1.2.9 ) EIEC zones (EIEC website, 2017) (Fig7.1.2.10) al manar elevation (EIEC website, 2017)

7.2.1 PAVILION OF HONOR (Fig7.2.1.1) Wahat AL karama pavilion exterior view (Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.2)PAVILION OF HONOR interior shot. (Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.3) UAE exterior, EXPO 2020. (Archdaily,2018) (Fig7.2.1.4).Dubai climate-digram. (meteoblue.com,2018) (Fig7.2.1.5) Ex po 2020 Site section. (Google earth,2018) (Fig7.2.1.6)PAVILION OF HONOR exterior shot. (Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.7) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019) (Fig7.2.1.8) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019) (Fig7.2.1.9) Google earth (Google map ,2018) (Edited by Authors,2019) (Fig7.2.1.10) Pa viii on of Honor Conceptual, (Architizer ,2017) (Fig7.2.1.11) Memorial park, Abu Dhabi (Architizer,2017) (Edited by Authors,2019) (Fig7.2.1.12) Plaza of honor, Section(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.13) Plaza of honor, plan(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.14) Plaza of honor, Section(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.15) PAVILION OF HONOR, plan(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.16) PAVILION OF HONOR, section(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.17) PAVILION OF HONOR, Elevations(Archdaily,2017) (Fig7.2.1.18) Memorial park, Abu Dhabi (Architizer,2017) (Edited by Authors,2018) (Fig7.2.1.19) PAVILION OF HONOR, interior shot(Architizer,2017) (Fig7.2.1.20) Pavilion of honor (Architizer,2017) (Fig7.2.2.1) EXPO 2020, Dubai (expo2020dubai201,9) (Fig7.2.2.2) captured by climate consultant,2019) (Fig7.2.2.3) captured by climate consultant,2019) (Fig7.2.2.4) Expo site, Dubai (EXPO 2020,2019) (Fig7.2.2.5) Expo site, Dubai (google map,2019) (Fig7.2.2.6) Expo site, Dubai (google map,2019) (Fig7.2.2.7) Expo site, Dubai cabtured (google male,2019) (Fig7.2.2.8) suistainablity pavilion (EXPO 2020 dubai,2029 ) (Fig7.2.2.9) EXPO 2020, layout (EXPO 2020 dubai,2019 ) (Fig7.2.2.10) EXPO 2020, layout (EXPO 2020 dubai,2019 ) (Fig7.2.2.11) shade structure(EXPO 2020 dubai,2019).

(Fig7.2.2.12) Al wasl plaza (EXPO 2020 dubai,2019).

(Fig7.2.2.13) Sus. pavilion technique(expo2020chibai,2019) 6.3.3 THE WORLD EXPO MUSEUM. (Fig7.3.3.1)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.2) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.3) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.4)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.5) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.6)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.7)the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.8) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.9) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.10) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.11) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.12) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.13) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.14) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.15) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019) (Fig7.3.3.16) the world expo museum (archdaily,2019)

CHAPTER VIII : SUSTAINABILITY (Fig 8.1.1) Permaculture Ethics, Corporate Sustainability & the Triple Bottom-Line, (Practically Quantum,2018) (Fig 8.2.1) Illustration of design for environmental Sustainability Framework, (Gamil Et al, 2015) (Fig 8.4.1) social sustainability(Authors) 2019 (Fig.8.4.2), Illustration of Design for Social Sustainability Framework, (Woodcraft et al., 2012), (Authors,2017).

CHAPTER IX : DESIGN REQUIREMENS (Fig 9.2.2.1) design bubble diagram (Author, 2019) (Fig 9.2.3.1) design diagram zoning (Author, 2019) (Fig 9.3.1.1) Layout of displaying rooms ( Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.2.1) Exhibition arrangement (Building design standards, 2017) (Fig 9.3.2.2) Exhibition arrangement (Building design standards, 2017) (Fig 9.3.2.3) Exhibition room with folding screens (Building design standards, 2017) (Fig 9.3.2.4) visual views (Building design standards, 2017) (Fig 9.3.3.1) workshops plan (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.3.2) Windows in workshops (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.3.4) Trolleys used in a workshop environment (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.3.5) Trolleys used in a workshop environment (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.1.1) functional layout for Restaurant (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.1.2) Restaurant table arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.1.3) Restaurant table arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.1) Restaurant table arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.2) Restaurant table arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.3) Vegetable preparation (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.4) Meet preparation (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.5) Cafeteria meal servery (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.6) Container movement in the contiport system (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.2.7) Automatic through flow cooker (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.1) Theatre plan (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.2) cross section for theatre seating (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.1) Theatre plan (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.2) cross section for theatre seating (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.3) chairs arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.4) rows arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.4.3.5) rows arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.1.1) functional areas for Offices (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.1.2) Office room (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.1.3) functional layout for Office (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.1.4) Meeting room (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.1.5) tables for Meeting room (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.2.1) functional layout for Toilets (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.2.2) functional table for storage & toilets (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.3.1) Public Corridor (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.3.5.3.2) Administration Corridor (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 9.4.1.1) Dimension of site (Google maps , edait by author, 2019) (Fig 9.4.1.2) setbacks of site (author, 2019) (Fig 9.4.1.3) regulation (author, 2019)

CHAPTER X INDIVIDUAL WORK 10.1 HANIN EL-ZOMOR (Fig. 10.1.1.) carpenters sketch (Shutterstock , 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.1) 3D conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.2) Plan conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.3), Ramp inside Museum , (Guggenheim, n.d), (Archnet,2010).

(Fig. 10.1.1.4) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.5 ) Pharaoh Peaks (alamy,2018) (Fig. 10.1.1.6 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.7 ) Pharaoh obelisk (bigstock,2018) (Fig. 10.1.1.8) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.9) conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.1.10 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 10.1.1.11 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 10.1.1.12 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) Detail , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 10.1.1.13) First prototype constructed on the roof of the HPZ building , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 10.1.1.14 ) SoRo-​Track actuators, (systems.arch ,2011)

(Fig. 10.1.2.1) 3D conceptual sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.2) Developed conceptual shot sketch (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.3) colorful water hoses(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.4) Branch of wood (author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.5 ) Branch of wood (Freepick,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.6 ) Branch of wood (Freepick,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.7) plan conceptual sketch(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.8 ) sustainable logo (author , 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.2.9 ) sustainable city (Historical Transactions , 2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.10 ) sustainability ( Perpetual Property Care, 2016) (Fig. 10.1.2.11 ) Pave gen Tiles (portaltewntyone.com,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.12 ) Pave gen Tiles (Jordah,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.13 ) Pave gen Tiles (Jordah,2018) (Fig. 10.1.2.14 ) Pave gen Tiles Technique ( content et al.,2018) (Fig. 10.1.3.1 ) 3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.3.2) Singapore’s Airport (Skift,2019) (Fig. 10.1.3.3 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.3.4 ) Singapore’s Airport (safarya,2019) (Fig. 10.1.3.5 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2019 ) (Fig. 10.1.3.6 ) green roof insulation detail (DOWDEY,2015) (Fig. 10.1.3.7 ) Skiing for Sustainability (QORF,2019) (Fig. 10.1.3.8 ) Green roof ,(Kevin Songer,2010) 10.2 KAREEM GHONIEM ( Fig 10.2.1.1) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019) ( Fig 10.2.1.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019) ( Fig 10.2.1.6) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019) ( Fig 10.2.1.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.1.8) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.1) Expo 2020 Dubai's Al Wasl Plaza dome( google, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.5) Pavegen Kinetic Energy ( google, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.6) "Harvard - tech communications agency ( google, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.2.7) Pavegen Systems ( google, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.1) man’s brain ( google, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.3.1) man’s brain ( google, 2019).

(Fig 10.2.3.2) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.3.3) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.3.4) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.2.3.5) rotating shading( google, 2019).

10.5 MOHAMED ELBORMA (Fig.10.5.1.1) The texture of cracked earth (photo by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.1.2) layout (sketch by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.1.3) section (sketch by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.1.4) section (sketch by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.1.5) Lightning solar tubes (Pinter est,2015) (Fig.10.5.1.6 ) Lightning solar tubes (Pinterest,2018) (Fig.10.5.2.1) The texture of cracked in wood panel (shutterstock,2019) (Fig.10.5.2.2) The main axis inspiration sketch (photo by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.2.3) plan (photo by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.2.4) evaluation of plan phases (photo by author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.2.5) double hug windows (google,2018) (Fig.10.5.3.1) Model for a stepped building using the roof of every layer for a function. (Pinterest,2018) (Fig.10.5.3.2) Sketch for a stepped layer ( Google,2019)

(Fig.10.5.3.3) plan for steped exposition (Author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.3.4) Model for a stepped exposition using the roof of every layer for a function. (Author , 2019) (Fig.10.5.3.5) dynamic Facade System ( Google,2018) (Fig.10.5.3.6) J.,ausanne Federa l School of AppliedArts (Google,2018) 10.6 NADA MOHAMED (Fig. 10.6.1.1) tree ring dating (google, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.1.2)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.1.3)3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.1.4)3D conceptual sketch(author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.1.5)shell structure(google, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.1.6) shell str. Sketch (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.2.1) Seed germination (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.2.2)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.2.4)main zoning in the project (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.2.5) pavegen tiles (google, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.1) Artery of plant (google, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.3) first conceptual sketch (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.4)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.5) Parking Structure Art Facade / Rob Ley Studio(arcdaily, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.6) Parking Structure Art Facade / Rob Ley Studio(arcdaily, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.7) wood (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.8)conceptual sketch phases (author, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.9) Dynamic Facade (google, 2019) (Fig. 10.6.3.10) Dynamic Façade strategies (google, 2019) 10.7 RAWAN HASSAN (Fig 10.7.1.1) Microscopic image from tangential wood sections (Google, 2019) (Fig. 10.7.3.1.), Beach wave (Google, 2019) (Fig. 10.7.3.2.) Building Structure, (Authors, 2019) (Fig. 10.7.4.1), Kinetic Shading System (Pinterest, 2017) (Fig. 10.7.4.2), Kinetic Shading System (Pinterest, 2017) (Fig. 10.7.4.3), Stepped Green Roof (D-Lim Architects, 2017) (Fig. 10.7.4.4),Green Roof (Kevin Songer, 2010) 10.8 RAYAN MOHAMED ( Fig 10.8.1) Carpenter sketch ( Authors, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2) New Damietta ( Authors, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3) Damietta’s community ( Authors, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.1) New Damietta’s map ( Google maps, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.2) Road pattern ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.3) Urban fabric ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.4) Wind directions( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.5 ) 3 layers of the patterns ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.6 ) Final layer( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.7) Nodes( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.8) Conceptual mass( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.9) Conceptual mass ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.10) Museum of the built environment ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.1.11) Shell structure (Archdaily , 2015). ( Fig 10.8.1.12) Shell structure (Archdaily , 2015). ( Fig 10.8.2.1) Four phases of the furniture industry ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.2) Conceptual shot( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.3) Conceptual shot( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.4) Golden ration ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.6) Conceptual shot respecting golden ratio ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.8) Conceptual section ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.9) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.2.10) Kiefer technic showroom (Archdaily, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.2.11) YESOU Expo in Korea (Archdaily, 2017).

( Fig 10.8.3.1) Conceptual zoning ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.2) Circulation( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.3) Conceptual mass( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.4) Ehwa women uni. (Archdaily, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.3.5) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.6) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.7) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.8) Conceptual shot ( Author, 2019). ( Fig 10.8.3.9) IKEA ( Pinterest, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.3.10) IKEA ( Pinterest, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.3.11) Louvres ( Pinterest, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.4.1) Sustainable approach ( Pinterest, 2016). ( Fig 10.8.4.2) Shanghai Natural History Museum( Archdaily, 2016).