Type Psych
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CHAPTER
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leading
_ tight
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Type Psych
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characteristic
the intense one_tight
the playful one_auto
the calm one_loose
leading
tracking
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kerning
dashes
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leading
definition _ the distance in points from the baseline of a line of type to the baseline of the line that sits next to it. In word processing program, it is usually called line spacing.
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It is unusual—especially for body copy—to use negative leading, which means that the leading specified is less than the point size of the type. It still can be used though, in such case like type set in all capitals. Negative leading does bring different feeling for a reader to read it, since it is so intense and so condensed. Differences can be seen from all of these paragraphs in this page. Same typeface, with automatic tracking, but with different leading points, though they all are using negative leading points.
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It is unusual—especially for body copy—to use negative leading, which means that the leading specified is less than the point size of the type. It still can be used though, in such case like type set in all capitals. Negative leading does bring different feeling for a reader to read it, since it is so intense and so condensed. Differences can be seen from all of these paragraphs in this page. Same typeface, automatic tracking, but with different leading points, though they all are using negative leading points.
6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4 6/4
6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5
6/6 6/6 6/6 6/6
6/5
6/6
6/5 6/5
6/6
6/5 6/5 6/5
6/6 6/6 6/6 6/6 6/6
leading
_ tight
It is unusual—especially for body copy—to use negative leading, which means that the leading specified is less than the point size of the type. It still can be used though, in such case like type set in all capitals. Negative leading brings different feeling for a reader to read it, since it is so intense and so condensed. Differences can be seen from all of these paragraphs in this page. Same typeface, with automatic tracking, but with different leading points, though they all are using negative leading points.
01 02_ 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44_ 45 46 47 48 6/4 pt
6/5 pt
6/6 pt
This is leading
NEGATIVE LEADING
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CHAPTER
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leading
This is leading
AUTO LEADING
_ auto
01 02 03 04_ 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44_ 45 46 47 48 6/auto
7/auto
8/auto
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automatic leading avoided awkward confusion difference twenty
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automatic leading avoided awkward confusion difference
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computerized changed or size increases itself twenty percents
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computerized changed or size increases itself twenty percents
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CHAPTER
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leading
_ loose
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LOOSE LEADING
Loose leading more comfort yet overly loose leading should be avoided too much space is also going to look awkward
01 02 03 04 05 06_ 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44_ 45 46 47 48 Loose leading more comfort yet overly loose leading should be avoided too much space is also going to look awkward
This is leading
Loose leading more comfort yet overly loose leading should be avoided too much space is also going to look awkward
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7.5 pt
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7.0 pt
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6.5 pt
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CHAPTER
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leading
_ comparison
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
Here are the comparison between the tight leading, automatic leading and also the loose leading. The difference should be able to be easily recognized and these samples are also showing the difference of their characteristics.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08_ 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
LOOSE LEADING
AUTO LEADING
NEGATIVE LEADING
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CHAPTER
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leading
_explanation
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10_ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
NEGATIVE LEADING definition _ leading that is going to bring different feeling to a reader, since it is so intense, so condensed. It is best used for type set in all capitals, yet it is not a good idea to use it for body copy, as it is going to cause discomfort to the reader’s eyes.
AUTO LEADING definition _ leading that comes automatically when a text is placed. This is a leading that should be avoided since usually they come out looking awkward due to the change of leading, which is done every time that the type size is changed. It still can work in some small-sized type but definitely not for big-sized type because it would look obviously weird, as the leading would always change, and it would approximately always be bigger by 1.2 times or 20 % of the type size.
LOOSE LEADING definition _ leading that is bigger than the size of the type. It could comfort the eyes when it is properly used, yet it could bring discomfort when the leading is overly loose. Besides that, overly loose leading take a lot of space, and over spacing is the reason that makes eyes feel comfortable and this could cause readers to get distracted from reading.
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CHAPTER
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leading
_ tight
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12_ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
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tracking
definition _ the wholesale adjustment of the spacing between letters in a block of text, with the same spacing being applied equally to all letters, unlike kerning.
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tracking
_ tight
This is tracking This is tracking, let’s see how the trackinglet’s cansee afThis is tracking, fect spacing howthe the trackingand canhow afThis is tracking, let’s see much it can change how fect the how thespacing trackingand canhow afmuch it room it will take. much can change how fect the spacing and how This isroom just testing. much it will take. much it can change how This is is just just testing. This This much roomtesting. it will take. is justistesting. This is This just testing. testing. This This is just just testing. This is just is justistesting. This is This just testing. This testing. ThisThis is just just testing. is is just testing. This just is testing. This is just just testing. This is just testing. This is just
TIGHT TRACKING
This is tracking, let’s see how the trackinglet’s cansee afThis is tracking, fect spacing howthe the trackingand canhow afThis is tracking, let’s see much it can change how fect the how thespacing trackingand canhow afmuch it room it will take. much can change how fect the spacing and how This isroom just testing. much it will take. much it can change how This is is just just testing. This This much roomtesting. it will take. is justistesting. This is This just testing. testing. This This is just just testing. This is just is justistesting. This is This just testing. This testing. ThisThis is just just testing. is is just testing. This just is testing. This is just just testing. This is just testing. This is just
This is tracking, le how the trackingle This is tracking, fect spacing howthe the trackingale This is tracking, much it can chan fect the how thespacing trackinga much it room it wi much can chan fect the spacing a This isroom just testing much it wi much it can chan This is is just just testing This much roomtesting it wi is justistesting. Thi This just testing testing This is just just testing. This is just Thii This istesting. just testing testing. ThisThis is jusi just testing. is just testing. Thi testing. ThisThis is jusi just testing. testing. This is jus
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16_ 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
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This is tracking, le the spacing and h room it will take. This is just testing testing. This is jus just testing. This i
let’s see This is tracking, let’s see glet’s cansee af- This how the trackinglet’s cansee afis tracking, and spacing glet’s canhow af- fect howthe the trackingand canhow afsee This is tracking, let’s see nge how much it can change how fect the gand canhow af- how thespacing trackingand canhow afill take. much it room it will take. nge how much can change how and how fect the spacing and how g.take. much This isroom just testing. ill it will take. nge how much it can change how g. This This This is just just testing. testing. This g. ill take. muchisroom it will take. his is is justistesting. This is g. This This just testing. testing. This g. This is just is just just testing. This is just his is is justistesting. This is g. This This just testing. This ust testing. ThisThis is just is just just testing. is just his is is just testing. This is ust testing. This is just is just just testing. This is just ust testing. This is just
Tracking _ _
70
spacing
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AUTO TRACKING
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CHAPTER
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tracking
_ auto
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18_ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
This is tracking This is tracking, let’s see how the tracking can affect the spacing and how much it can change how much room it will take. This is just testing. It can be seen here how a zero point tracked body text would look. Here’s just the sample to look at.
Tracking _ _
0
spacing
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CHAPTER
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tracking
_ loose
This is tracking This is tracking, let’s see how the tracking can affect the spacing and how much it can change how much room it will take. This is just testing. It can be seen here how a seventy point tracked body text would look. Here’s just a sample to look at in this book.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20_ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
LOOSE TRACKING
spacing _
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Tracking _
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CHAPTER
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tracking leading
_comparison _ tight
This is tracking, let’s see how the tracking can affect the spacing and how much it can change how much room it will take. This is just testing. It can be seen here how a different tracked body text would look like. Here are just the samples to compare at.
This is tracking, let’s see how the tracking can affect the spacing and how much it can change how much room it will take. This is just testing. It can be seen here how a different tracked body text would look like. Here are just the samples to compare at.
This is tracking, let’s see how the tracking can affect the spacing and how much it can change how much room it will take. This is just testing. It can be seen here how a different tracked body text would look. Here are just the samples to compare at.
NEGATIVE TRACKING
AUTO TRACKING
LOOSE TRACKING
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22_ 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 -70
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spacing _
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Tracking _
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CHAPTER
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tracking
_ explanation
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24_ 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
TIGHT TRACKING definition _ tracking that is often used in advertising, and also in any short text, yet should be totally avoided for body copy, as it would be really hard to read,especially when several letters would look like they join together and create another letter. For example, r n will look like the letter m, or c l will look like a d.
AUTO TRACKING definition _ tracking that allows you to specify point-size thresholds at which tracking will automatically be tightened and by how much, it depends on the type size of the text. This program is not in InDesign though, they have it in PageMaker. In InDesign all text will be automatically set with zero tracking at the beginning.
LOOSE TRACKING definition _ tracking that will help the legibility with text, especially in the white-on-black environment, as it opens up the spaces between the characters, which makes them easier to read. This tracking has to be treated carefully to avoid overly spaced tracking that would also create discomfort to the eyes.
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leading
_ tight
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26_ 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
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definition _
kerning
adjusting spaces between specific letter pairs to adjust anomalies in the spacing created by the shapes of the two letters, which can make those two characters look too far apart or even sometimes too close together.
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CHAPTER
OT
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AT
kerning
_ tight
OC
OC AT OT
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TIGHT KERNING
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tight
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tighter
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tightest
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CHAPTER
KE
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auto
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kerning
RN
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ING
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32_ 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
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AUTO KERNING
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kerninng
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01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34_ 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
HL
NK
MD
LOOSE KERNING
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Kerning _
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K er ning _
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Kerning _
opt
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kerning
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TIGHT KERNING
LOOSE KERNING
AUTO KERNING
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kerning
_ explanation
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38_ 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
TIGHT KERNING definition _ kerning that is needed especially for pairs of letters that is a vertical next to a curve足, like HO, or a curve next to another curve, like OC. A curve can actually overlap into the white space under or above the bar or stem of a character with a help of tight kerning, for example with TO.
AUTO KERNING definition _ kerning that was set automatically from the computer. Auto kerning should be avoided as the spaces are not going to look balance due to the difference of the shape of the letters that create different spacing between the letters. Auto kerning does not have to be adjusted in body copy, but it needs to be adjusted when a type is set big or noticeable enough.
LOOSE KERNING definition _ kerning that is needed especially for characters with verticals next to each other, which could also be the guideline which keep the spacing consistent. For example loose kerning would be used for characters HL or HD.
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dashes - – — definition _ one of the punctuation marks. It has some variations, and also it comes in different width. There are three kind of dashes that are famously known, which are hyphen, en-dash, and em-dash.
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_ comparison
dashes
n – _ _ _
hyphen
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and
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en-dash
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01_ 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44_ 45 46 47 48 hyphen
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em-dash
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CHAPTER
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dashes
_explanation
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EN-DASH definition _ the dash that is approximately having the same width of a capital letter N. This dash is used between words that’s indicating a duration, such as time, months or years to replace the usage of “to”. This dash is shorter than em-dash, and it’s longer than the hyphen. It’s the mid between them.
EM-DASH definition _ the dash that is twice as long as the en-dash, that approximately has the same size of a capital letter M, and is usually used in place of a colon or a parantheses. It could also be used to indicate a spontaneous change of thought and it could also be used in a spot where a period is too strong to be used and a coma is still too weak.
HYPHEN definition _ the smallest dash amongst the other dashes, and it is used strictly only for hyphenating words or line breaks.
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leading
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COLOPHONE _ this book is designed by Nadia Izazi, printed also by her with Epson R1900 inkjet printer and bound by Joel from Herring and Robinson in Brisbane, CA. The typeface used in the whole book is Scala Regular. The paper used for the book is the double-sided Moab Entrada Rag Bright 190. The color used is two CMYK colors,Pantone 3375 U, and also different tints of black.
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CHAPTER
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leading
_ tight