Nadine Zaza | Portfolio 2017

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Heavy Timber Column

Fiber Glass Thermal Spacer Aluminum Clip to Continuous Panel R 13 Cellulose Insulation Continuous Panel

Exterior Grade Plywood Sheathing

1 in = 4.25 mm

1 2

NOMAD

ADDRESS: 131 S. MAIN PROVIDENCE PHONE: 401

PROJECT: MIXED USE ADDRESS: 125 WICKEN NOTES:

CHILLED BEAMS LOC BEAMS PROVIDE PAS COOLING

WOARMBOARD WATE FLOOR HEATING. SYS PV ENERGY COLLECT

CHILLED B

WARMBOA

RIGHT PAN

LEFT PANE

CONT. PAN

DRAWING TIT HEATING / CO GROUND FLO

NOMAD ARCH DRAWN BY: ODILE SCHLO SCALE: 18'' - 1' DATE: 12.02.

HEATING / COOLING GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 18'' - 1'

P - 00

1 403

NADINE.ODILE.MELIS.ANUSHKA.DEXTER

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TYPICAL ROOF SECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

1 4

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CONCRETE CA 1’-0 = 1/2”

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ADDRESS: 131 S. MAIN ST. PROVIDENCE, RI PHONE: 401XXXXXX

6 7

1

PROJECT: MIXED USE ADDRESS: 125 WICKENDEN ST.

402 8 9 10

2 403

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

1

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

NOTES:

12’-0”

1

ADDRESS: 131 S. MAIN PROVIDENCE, PHONE: 401X

CONCRETE CANTILEVER CONNECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

2

PROJECT: MIXED USE ADDRESS: 125 WICKEND

18’-0”

erracotta baguette sun shade urtain Wall uminium Mullion trut sulated Metal Panel ght Weight Steel Frame 6” ense Packed Cellulose lu-Lam Timber Column oncrete Floor Glu-Lam Beam Metal Pan CMU blocks Foundation

NOTES:

1

TYPICAL ROOF SECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

2

CONCRETE CANTILEVER CONNECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

3 403

DRAWING TITLE:

11

PRINCIPLE WALL SECTIONS: DETAILS

12 13

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CONCRETE CANTILEVER CONNECTION 1’-0 = 1/2”

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smaller lighting fixtures (concentrated)

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windows

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A5 55

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2 0 1 6

Three Bay Gallery house Shihabi house, Jabal Amman

L iv ing and d ining [ c entral hall ] Central hall

Stairc ase [ Ap artment E ntranc e ]

Front Gallery

Balc ony

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

cut-out

FROZEN IMAGINARIES

FROZEN IMAGINARIES

URBAN PLANS AND URBAN FAILURES

URBAN PLANS AND URBAN FAILURES

Project Team:

Studio X Amman is developing a research initiative exploring various typologies of housing in Amman, particularly looking at speculative projects that fell short of realizing their intended results.

The project both documents and analyzes frozen construction sites, abandoned residential buildings and real estate development projects. Through mapping exercises, documentation, presentations and informal discussions, participants worked closely with photographer Antonio Ottomanelli and Jawad Dukhgan, co-curator at Studio X Amman, on mapping those suspended sites throughout the city. The series of exercises culminated in a spatial analysis, mapping and a narrative through photography, mappings, diagrams, and other audiovisual material. Participants also analyzed the evolution of masterplans for the city of Amman from 1955 to 2025, in parallel to political events that took place in the region, and identified these histories’ impact on housing typologies in the city.

In this project we seek to understandAmman’s development through the locations of which visions for progress failed to materialize.

Compiling those unrealized visions, Amman would have had a Central Park surrounded by zoned neighbouring hills connected

Directed by: Jawad Dukhgan Collaborators: Antonio Ottomanelli, Rand Abdul Jabbar Participants: Hani Qudah, Sumaya Abu Hayeh, Adam Ishaqat, Nadine Zaza

the city center. An agriculture green belt enveloping the city and resisting the expansive growth and urban sprwal, funneling this sprawl through the agriculture corridors to neighbouring areas enhancing its development. Yet here the city stands littered with frozen construction sites and abandoned buildings right from the central park and real estate investments still continue to rely on expansion as means to push the city towards a brighter future Zoning and Ring Roads 1980’s Vision

1950’s Vision

Agriculture Corridors

in

35

15 20

2011 SYRIAN CRISIS

9.4 M

IS s IS ugee CR Ref

2025’s Vision

N rian Sy RIA000 SY 250, 15 of 1, 20 flux

N pality In IO unici VISan M 25 m 20 er Am at AN re M the G AM by 08 20 08 oped in 0 2 evel an rd D Jo of n io at ul Pop

AN e PL ensiv R preh TE om AS C M mant Plan

85 er Am en 19 reat elopm

METROPOLITAN GROWTH CORRIDORS

AIRPORT

PROPOSED SATELLITE TOWNS

PROPOSED ROADS

G ev D

The 1985 Master Plan’s main objectives revolved around securing urban land for low income housing through the introduction of newly zoned areas thus encouraging a more compact area to minimize costs of services and infrastructure in addition to protecting the agricultural land from the urban sprawl

Between 1973 and 1983, the city experienced “boom years” in both population and workers and investors in oil-rich Arab states, and migration to Jordan from neighboring population trend continued into the 1990s, as another massive wave of refugees came to Amman following the 1991 Gulf War, though the Jordanian economy suffered

PREFERED SETTELMENTS CENTERS

BUILT UP AREA

PROPOSED SATELLITE TOWNS

2.1 M

of

n io at ul Pop

an rd Jo

in

75 19

Agricultural housing corridors were proposed on strategic zones connecting the city of Amman to adjacent cities.

Emphasizing on the on the role of agriculture and economy that the plan focuses on

MUNICIPALTY BORDER ANTICIPATED GROWTH

During the 60’s Master Plan, the US - Jordanian team proposed that the expansion of the city would be enclosed by an agricultural envelope surrounding the projected growth of built area. The agricultural lands would serve as catalyst to both enhance the city’s economy and provide work opportunities.

As a strategy this envelope would act as a transitioning buffer zone between Amman and nearby municipalities

J or d a n E ng ine e r ing A ssoc ia t ion P r oj e c t [ 1980’s]

Associations Union H ousing Project

[ 1983]

Villa in Rabieh neighbourhood in west Amman, this type of relatively large villas with areas ranging between 5001000m2 was introduced after the 1991 Gulf War, usually inhabited by a single family.

Around 350,000 Jordanians and Palestinians returned to Jordan from Kuwait and the Gulf. Although that increase in population contributed positively to the economy, about one tenth of these people went to refugee camps and many have joined unemployment.

GDP

7

USD BIL

1980’s HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS BY ASSOCIATIONS

Residential Area Type A

T w o S t or e y H ou se s a nd Vil l a s

Abdoun Gated Compound T w o S t or e y H ou se s a nd Vil l a s [ 2009]

1985 MASTER PLAN

The 1955 master plan of Amman aimed to create a “central park” in the Amman Valley forming green fingers of public space, while the neighbourhoods on hilltops would be connected through overhead bridges crossing the valley without having to go through it.

H owever, the unrealised vision of the plan led to a dense downtown full of traffic. Eventually the living conditions in central Amman led the inhabitants to migrate away from the city centre, leaving behind abandoned buildings.

1985-2005, (GACDP) The Greater Amman Comprehensive Development Plan Jordanian government adopts active policy towards foreign investments. As the metropolitan area of Greater Amman is defined, covering a population of around 1 million the plan aims to; minimize cost of services and infrastructure by encouraging a more compact form of the city, secure availability of urban land or housing of lower-income groups and protect valuable agricultural land against urban sprawl.

GDP

0.56 USD BIL

Proposed by British planners Lock & King in the shadow of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war doubling the population of Amman and was focused on solving issues in housing and unemployment (at this point, 29% of the city population lived in tents, and 8% in caves).

1948 ARAB-ISRAELI WAR

1955 Master Plan’s G r e e n F ing e r s unrealized proposal

Residential Area Type A

T w o S t or e y H ou se s a nd Vil l a s

“Associations Union H ousing Project” built between 1983 - 1989 for doctors, lawyers and engineers associations of Jordan. The Project consists of 22 semi-detached villas and 3 apartment buildings consisting of 63 apartments. This Project hosts 85 households.

Al Yarmouk H ousing Project was developed in the 1980s by Jordan Engineers Association for for Jordanian engineers.

The project consists of 120 apartments in 10 buildings sharing a communal garden and car parkings on the ground level of each building.

“Abdoun Gated Compound” built in 2009 by the private sector in Abdoun, that is considered one of the city’s most luxurios residential neighborhoods, this type of residential projects was introduced after the 2003 war in Iraq due to an increase of investments in real estate.

Jabal Amman N eighbourhood

Jabal Amman N eighbourhood

With the first wave of Palestinian refugees Amman’s population doubled between 1984-1952. The refugees in the Capital settled in temporary refugee camps.

1950

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1965

1.9MIL housing program for middle income groups that

would be socially and economically desirable. In 1965 “The H ousing Corporation” was established as the corporation would provide housing loans, promote and support housing estates and provide housing development finance. The H ousing Corporation acted as a financial institute only.

Population

1967 ARAB-ISRAELI WAR Palestinian refugees in Jordan increased from 700,000 to a number around 1 million.

1968 MASTER PLAN

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Proposed by a US-Jordanian team following the 1967 war which led to a huge population increase (about 150,000 Palestinian refugees settled in Amman) and a decrease in Jordan’s

2.1MIL tourist economy due to the Israeli occupation

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BUILT UP AREA PROPOSED URBAN SPRAWL NEARBY GROWTH CENTERS AGRICULTURAL HOUSING CORRIDORS

Proposal of elevated roads that would span the valleys underneath encircling the city center area to

Master Plans compiled

PROPOSED ZONING AREA NEARBY GROWTH CENTERS

MAIN ROADS PROPOSED MUNICIPALITIES

In the 1955 Master Plan, King and Lock proposed that the city center area in the valleys would be transformed into a Central Park creating self contained neighbourhoods on the hills of Amman. Those neighbourhoods will be grouped around green strips including a town hall, library, theater art gallery and pedestrian promenades.

Buildings influenced with modernity in 1960’s in Jabal al-Wiebdeh and Jabal Amman built by the private sector.

The residential apartment building concept was also introduced in that era.

CREATION OF “THE HOUSING CORPORATION

50’s Unrealized Visions

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ZONED AREA

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1988

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1995

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of the West Bank. In the housing sector the planners’ main concern was the informal areas developed from refugee camps.

Amman N ew Refugee Camp “Wehdat Camp” was the second refugee camp in Amman, being established in 1955. H osting around 55,000 Palestinian refugees, similar to the other refugee camps, through the years the camp transformed from a refugee camp into a high density compact built up neighbourhood.

The camp has gone through many development projects done by the government, “Urban Development Department” and later “H UDC”, regarding infrastructure and housing conditions. The Wehdat Sports Club is based inside the camp and it is one of Jordan main sports clubs.

Amman N ew Camp [ 1955] 55, 000 P a l e st inia n R e f u g e e s

F ou r st or e y s h ig h d e nsit y r e sid e nt ia l b u il d ing s

CREATION OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT In 1980 the “Urban Development Department” was created targeting low income groups and informal areas in Jordan. The department worked on infrastructural development for 39 informal areas in the kingdom with more than 400,000 population; improving the water, sewage, electricity and transportation. Also solving land ownership issues and providing funding for reconstructing and improving housing as well as providing social services and improving production; encouraging women to take part in the work force.

Decent H ousing for Decent Living G ov e r m e nt a l L ow I nc om e H ou sing [ 2010] S t a t u s: I nc om p l e t e

2008

5.8MIL

Population

2010 GOVERNMENTAL LOW INCOME HOUSING

MUNICIPALITY BORDER

This plan was crafted in the shadow of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, as a result of which Amman’s to articulate and advance an identity for the city and for the new-born nation state. With 29% of the population living in tents, and 8% in caves, there was a focus on solving issues of housing and unemployment. The planners also focused on creating self-contained mountain neighborhoods, between neighborhoods, a central park located at the city center that would include a town hall, library, theater, art gallery, pedestrian promenade, new marketing center (farmers’ market, storage and retail facilities), a hippodrome for ceremonials, parades, a sports stadium, and a new governmental complex at the Citadel (the “head” of the nation). These visions for the city also included an elevated road that would span between the crests of mountain tops and encircle the city center area. A modernist approach evident in the planners’ suggestion to clear a large part of the city center.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY GSAPP STUDIO X

2015 2015

9.4MIL

Population

Master Plan

Po p u l a t i o n of Jordan

Event

GDP

Originating in the Levant Region, the three bay house was one of the popular housing typologies from 1920s till the 50s, it was usually built for a single family of high income Many hybrid forms of three bay houses were found in Amman.

The Circassian house was introduced by Circassian refugees settling in the center of Amman in the late 1800s. That typology no longer exists in the city, abandoned in history. The Circassian house introduced the concept of the front porch.

Mustanida Project is one of three projects in Amman that are part of the “Decent H ousing Decent Living” initiative.

Developed by H UDC “H ousing & Urban Development Corporation”. That type of projects consists of residential buildings, commercial zoned land lots and public services; of which are green areas and two public schools. The project has 38 apartment buildings providing 620 residential units to an approximate population of 4000 people. H owever, the project status remains “incomplete”.

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“Sakan Kareem Li ‘ Aysh Kareem” translating “Decent H ousing for Decent Living” Referred as The Royal Initiative, it is a governmental five year plan to provide low income housing for 100,000 citizens in Jordan. Targeted group are employees working in governmental, militarian and public security sectors, retired civil servants and military servants and also low income groups. Three housing projects are in Amman providing 3650 residential units.

PROPOSED GREEN FINGERS MAIN NEIBORHOODS MAIN ROADS

Residential Area Type C F ou r st or e y s h ig h d e nsit y r e sid e nt ia l b u il d ing s

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Green fingers central park | public space

BUILT UP AREA

1955 Master Plan

F ou r st or e y s h ig h r e sid e nt ia l b u il d ing s

Population

1968 The Civic Center Development Plan

along the main axis road. The Civic Center Development Plan was composed after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, which again caused a drastic population increase (around 150,000 Palestinian refugees), and a decrease in Jordan’s tourist economy with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. The plan also intended to improve agricultural yield through the agricultural growth corridors linking Amman to surrounding cities.

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1991 GULF WAR

1948

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Amman Living Wall is a six tower project of which two are residential towers rising from a multi-storey podium.

With an approximate cost of 160mil USD, the construction has been on hold since 2010 due financial issues.

Al Madeenah Street M a j or A r t e r ia l C or r id or

Jordan Gates Towers hosts a 44 storey hotel and a mixed use tower. This type of mixed use towers were introduced after 2003 Iraq war due to foreign direct investments.

With an approximate cost of 300mil USD, construction has been frozen incomplete since 2008 due to the global economic recession and infrastructural constraints.

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Yarmouk H ousing Project

Following the US invasion to Iraq, an influx of 300,000 Iraqi refugees entered the country. H owever, the refugees brought huge sums of money into Jordan raising prices of real estate which led to an increase of foreign direct investments and increased the need for more housing projects.

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Throughout the 1970s, Amman’s footprint doubled with the city expanding towards the north-west and with capital investments

Amman’s development due to a huge increase in US economic and military aid during this period. The Greater Amman boundary was established, which rendered the planning process independent of “local authority boundaries.” The plan was to decentralize commercial activity in order to

2006-2008, “Amman 2025” is not a traditional master plan, but rather “multi-purpose tool” that articulates a vision. One of the main goals of the master plan was to drastically reduce the distance between planning and implementation and launch innovative initiatives. In 2007, the Greater Amman Municipality anounced a growth strategy towards high rise buildings; allocating zones for such growth in several areas in the city and mainly allocating these zones in the valleys of the city rather than hilltops.

During the 70’s Master Plan the Municipatly’s objectives congestion at the city center and expand buisness and commercial facilities. The plan proposed introducing multi storey parkings, commercial centers, the King Talal Commercial Center which resembled the gate to the city center for both inhabitants and tourists

1978 Master Plan

commercial facilities, the Municipality of Amman invited the Japanese government to draft the city’s third major master plan in 1978. The International Engineering Consultants Association, Japan’s (IECA), proposed large commercial centers and multileveled car parks for Amman continuing Lock and King’s vision to connect Amman’s hilltops with an elevated ring road. The IECA’s plan was to link major hills in the downtown area with “parking bridges,” a parking structure that would link commercial facilities. Placed strategically at King Talal Street, this bridge was to act as a “symbolic gateway” to the city for tourists coming from the airport.

2008 COMPREHENSIVE MASTER PLAN

Given the constantly shifting political landscape in the Middle East, and the role Jordan plays not only as a refuge to waves of refugees, it is also a gateway to Iraq’s and the West Bank’s economies. H owever, the constant instability within the region inevitably plays a role in the consistency of FDI “Foreign Direct Investment”. Furthermore, Jordan’s proximity to the Arabian Gulf, and the direct cultural and economic links to the region play a detrimental role in incoming inflows, mostly from the region. As the period between 2005-2009 had the most significant FDI inflows into the country, the FDI flows into Jordan are focused around real estate and commercial investments as opposed to targeting Jordan’s industrial base, thus playing a detrimental role in shaping the residential form of the city.

2003 US IRAQ INVASION

80’s Unrealized Visions

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the introduction of several ring roads starting from the city center and moving outwards to encompass the projected growth area improving transport connections within the city and with satellite towns

In

MAIN ROADS

Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis around 1.25 million Syrian refugees fled to Jordan of which about 400,000 lives in the city of Amman.

metropolitan area of Amman and in continuation of the previous plans emphasizing on providing solutions for the

AR IW AQs - IR0 Iraqi US 0,00

Greater Amman Comprehensive Development Plan (GACDP)

the late 1980s. In 1990, the Municipality of Greater Amman used a $30 million World Bank loan to implement a fourth master plan, drafted by Jordanian and British planners and funded by USAID. This plan, The Greater Amman Comprehensive Development Plan (GACDP) spanned from 1985 to 2005 and continued to stress the same priorities from years prior: housing, creating more green space, and limiting urban sprawl.

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USD BIL

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2015

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threatened the water supply. At the same time, in 2003, foreign investment from the Gulf began to set off sudden shockwaves of high-density, mixed-use real estate developments that were left unregulated by the Greater Amman municipality. Facing rapid growth and haphazard, Gulf-funded real estate developments (like the stillmunicipality set out to make a plan that not only projected a particular physical future for the city, but that would also meet other development goals: including enhanced civic engagement, local government capacity, and reducing the historic time lags between planning and implementation in Amman. The plan operates as a “metaplan.” Veering from a traditional master plan, Amman 2025 is more so a vision towards an accelerated future. Amman 2025 focuses on improving legislation, implementation and the planning process

Route of Investigation

2015

9.4MIL

Population

Agriculture Belts

Amman 2025 Vision The 2003 US invasion of Iraq brought another major wave of refugees to Amman.

By 2008, the population had doubled since the late 1980s, and the footprint of Amman had tripled in size. Rapid growth and expansion caused cataclysmic

Amman Borders

Central Park

70’s Unrealized Visions

Studio X Amman is developing a research initiative exploring various typologies of housing in Amman, particularly looking at speculative projects that fell short of realizing their intended results. The project both documents and analyzes frozen construction sites, abandoned residential buildings and real estate development projects.

Through mapping exercises, documentation, presentations and informal discussions, participants worked closely with photographer Antonio Ottomanelli and Jawad Dukhgan, co-curator at Studio X Amman, on mapping those suspended sites throughout the city.

The series of exercises culminated in a spatial analysis, mapping and a narrative through photography, mappings, diagrams, and other audiovisual material. Participants also analyzed the evolution of masterplans for the city of Amman from 1955 to 2025, in parallel to political events that took place in the region, and

War

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY GSAPP STUDIO X

Project Team: Jawad Dukhgan Antonio Ottomanelli Hani Al Qudah Sumaya Abu Hayeh Adam Ishaqat Nadine Zaza

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