SPACES & PLACES
SPACES & PLACES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS - SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE GENSLER, LAS VEGAS GUEST CRITICS JOHN CARROL, RA, LEED AP STEVEN CLARKE, ASLA, CSLA, BCSLA KYLE FISCHER, AIA MICHAEL HOWE, AICP, LEED-GA JARED LEBO, RA, NCARB, LEED AP GEORGE SOVICH HUNG TRAN, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP EDWARD A. VANCE, FAIA, NCARB ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY ARIFUL HASNAT VINCENT LANDIN
DISCLAIMER: THE OPINIONS, ADVICE, STATEMENTS, AND INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PUBLICATION ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AUTHOR(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY STATE OR REFLECT THOSE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS. THIS PUBLICATION WAS DEVELOPED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. UNDER SECTION 107 OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT 1976, THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD BE LIMITED TO NON-COMMERCIAL “FAIR USES” ONLY. THIS PUBLICATION FEATURES THIRD-PARTY COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS CONFERRING ANY LICENSE OR RIGHT TO USE OR EXPLOIT ANY COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL.
1 2 3 4 5 6
PROLOGUE URBAN STUDY T.O.D. PRECEDENTS SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES T.O.D. PLACEMAKING EPILOGUE
1
PROLOGUE SPACES AND PLACES IS A STUDIO OF 11 ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS UNDER THE INSTRUCTION OF LUDWING VACA AND JEFFERY ROBERTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS. THE WORK PRESENTED IN THIS BOOK WAS PRODUCED OVER THE COURSE OF THE FALL 2017 SEMESTER. THE STUDIO’S FOCUS WAS ON TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (T.O.D.) ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY. THIS TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT IS FUELED BY THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION’S RECENT PROPOSAL FOR THE CITY’S FIRST LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM THAT WILL CONNECT MCCARRAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WITH THE BONNEVILLE TRANSIT CENTER VIA MARYLAND PARKWAY. THE STUDIO SAW THIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EXCITING RESEARCH-BASED DESIGN AND BEGAN THE SEMESTER BY CONDUCTING AN URBAN INVENTORY COMPOSED OF DIAGRAMS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. FROM THERE, STUDENTS EXTRACTED THAT RESEARCH AND BEGAN TO DESIGN WITH THE URBAN CONTEXT IN MIND. TWO CRITICAL SITES FOR THESE DEVELOPMENTS WERE SELECTED THIS SEMESTER: THE UNIVERSITY SOUTH STOP AND THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT STOP. THE CHAPTERS THAT FOLLOW SHOW OUR PROCESS OF DESIGNING A TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY.
PROLOGUE | 12
STUDIO MEMBERS AAE 771: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V FALL 2017
STACY JACOBSEN
MYRIAM LOPEZ
PROF. JEFF ROBERTS AIA, LEED AP BD+C
PROF. LUDWING VACA AIA, NCARB, LEED AP
SILVIA QUIROZ-PEREZ
YASMIN SOLIMAN
PROLOGUE | 13
PEDRO BORQUEZ
RON CANO
EMY CARNATE
ANTHONY VUONG
NAJIA YASMEEN
WILLIAM ZHENG
WENDY GARCIA
PROLOGUE | 14
PROBLEM & OPPORTUNITY
LAS VEGAS IS A RAPIDLY GROWING CITY THAT IS DEPENDENT ON THE PRIVATE VEHICLE AS THE MAIN MODE OF TRANSPORTATION. AS THE CITY CONTINUES TO GROW, THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE IS STRAINED AND ALTERNATIVE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION NEED TO BE SOUGHT. ONE SUCH EXAMPLE OF THIS STRAIN IS MARYLAND PARKWAY, WHICH IS A VITAL CORRIDOR FOR THE LAS VEGAS VALLEY THAT CONNECTS MCCARRAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WITH DOWNTOWN LAS VEGAS AND MANY HIGH-ACTIVITY CENTERS, SUCH AS THE UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS (UNLV), BOULEVARD MALL, SUNRISE HOSPITAL, AS WELL AS NUMEROUS COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS. MARYLAND PARKWAY CARRIES NEARLY 10,000 TRANSIT RIDERS AND 35,000 CARS PER DAY, AND INVESTMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE ALONG THIS MAJOR CORRIDOR WILL IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY’S MOBILITY BY ENHANCING VEHICLE, TRANSIT, PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE ACCESS TO THE AREA. IN JUNE 2017, THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION GAINED PERMISSION TO PROCEED WITH AN 8.7 MILE PROJECT ON MARYLAND PARKWAY THAT CONNECTED MCCARRAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WITH DOWNTOWN LAS VEGAS. WHILE THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION HAS PUBLISHED PLANS FOR THE LIGHT RAIL, IT HAS NOT PUBLISHED PLANS REGARDING DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE LIGHT RAIL. IN ORDER FOR THE LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM TO BE SUCCESSFUL, TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY MUST OCCUR. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT, IS A TYPE OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT THAT MAXIMIZES THE AMOUNT OF RESIDENTIAL, BUSINESS, AND LEISURE SPACE WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. SEEING AS THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION DID NOT SPECIFY PLANS FOR TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS, THE STUDIO SAW THIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DESIGN INTERVENTION AT TWO CRITICAL SITES: THE UNIVERSITY SOUTH STATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AT THESE TWO SITES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REVITALIZE THE SURROUNDING AREA BY PROVIDING JOBS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH HIGHER LEVELS OF URBAN DENSITY. THE STUDIO WAS DIVIDED INTO GROUPS OF TWO, WITH THREE GROUPS DESIGNING FOR THE UNIVERSITY SOUTH STATION AND TWO GROUPS DESIGNING FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT. EACH OF THE GROUPS DESIGNED TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS THAT FOCUSED ON DESIGNING SUSTAINABLY FOR THE DESERT CLIMATE, RESPONDING TO THE LOCAL CULTURE, AND CREATING A SENSE OF PLACE.
PROLOGUE | 15
PROLOGUE | 16
PROLOGUE | 17
PROLOGUE | 18
PROLOGUE | 19
PROLOGUE | 20
PROLOGUE | 21
PROLOGUE | 22
PROLOGUE | 23
PROLOGUE | 24
PROLOGUE | 25
PROLOGUE | 26
PROLOGUE | 27
PROLOGUE | 28
PROLOGUE | 29
PROLOGUE | 30
PROLOGUE | 31
PROLOGUE | 32
PROLOGUE | 33
PROLOGUE | 34
PROLOGUE | 35
PROLOGUE | 36
PROLOGUE | 37
PROLOGUE | 38
PROLOGUE | 39
PROLOGUE | 40
PROLOGUE | 41
PROLOGUE | 42
PROLOGUE | 43
PROLOGUE | 44
PROLOGUE | 45
PROLOGUE | 46
PROLOGUE | 47
PROLOGUE | 48
PROLOGUE | 49
PROLOGUE | 50
PROLOGUE | 51
2
URBAN STUDY THE DESIGN PROCESS BEGAN WITH AN URBAN STUDY THAT COMPRISED DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. THE SCOPE OF OUR URBAN STUDY EXTENDED FROM MCCARRAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO SAHARA AVE. THE DOCUMENTATION FOCUSED ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND THE UNDERLYING DEMOGRAPHICS THAT SHAPE THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE URBAN STUDY IS A COMBINATION OF CENSUS DATA, COUNTY DATA, AND OBSERVATION. CONDUCTING AN URBAN INVENTORY WAS INTEGRAL TO OUR DESIGN PROCESS, AS EACH GROUP ADDRESSED A SPECIFIC PROBLEM THAT WAS REVEALED IN THE URBAN STUDY.
PARTIAL LIGHT RAIL *RTC OF SOUTHERN NEVADA
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 54
RUSSELL RD.
A
AIRPORT
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS LIGHT RAIL STOP 1/4 MILE RADIUS
HACIENDA
RENO
TROPICANA
UNIVERSITY SOUTH
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 55
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
UNIVERSITY NORTH
FLAMINGO
INTL DISTRICT
THE BLVD DISTRICT
DESERT INN
SUNRISE MEDICAL
VEGAS VALLEY
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
BUS STOPS
*RTC OF SOUTHERN NEVADA
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 56
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS BUS STOPS 1 ROUTE 201 2 ROUTE 202 3 ROUTE 109
201
1
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 57
FLAMINGO AVE.
109
B
202
3
2
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
BIKE PATHS *RTC OF SOUTHERN NEVADA
STUDY | 58
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS SHARED-USE PATH BICYCLE LANE
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 59
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
A SHARED-USE PATH IS A PAVED TRAIL FACILITY THAT IS PHYSICALLY SEPARATED FROM VEHICULAR TRAFFIC. THESE FACILITIES ARE OPEN TO CYCLISTS AS WELL AS OTHER NON-MOTORIZED USERS, NONE IN THIS AREA. A BICYCLE LANE IS A PORTION OF A ROADWAY THAT HAS BEEN DESIGNATED FOR THE USE OF BICYCLISTS. A BICYCLE ROUTE IS A ROADWAY CORRIDOR WITH WIDER OUTSIDE LANES AND/OR SHARE THE ROAD SIGNS.
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
PEAK TRAFFIC: WEEKDAYS, 9AM/4PM TRAFFIC STOPS *GOOGLE MAPS
STUDY | 60
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS TRAFFIC STOPS
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 61
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
PEAK TRAFFIC: WEEKEND, 12PM/7PM TRAFFIC STOPS
*GOOGLE MAPS
STUDY | 62
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS TRAFFIC STOPS
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 63
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
PARKING LOTS & GARAGES
*GOOGLE MAPS
STUDY | 64
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS PARKING LOTS GARAGES
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 65
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
NOISE LEVELS *CLARK COUNTY AIRPORT ENVIRONS REPORT
STUDY | 66
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS AE-60 (60DBA) AE-65 (65DBA) AE-70 (70DBA) AE-75 (75DBA)
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 67
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
COMMON NOISE REFERENCES 10DBA: RUSTLE OF LEAVES 40DBA: AVERAGE OFFICE ENVIRONMENT 60DBA: ORDINARY CONVERSATION, THREE FEET AWAY 80DBA: BUSY STREET 120DBA: ROCK MUSIC, WITH AMPLIFIER
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
LANDMARKS & HISTORICAL BUILDING TYPE
*CLARK COUNTY
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 68
RUSSELL RD.
2 3
1
A
4
MCCARRAN AIRPORT WAS ORIGINALLY BUILT ON LAS VEGAS BLVD, BUT MOVED TO PARADISE RD IN 1948. THE TERMINAL DESIGN WAS INSPIRED BY TWA FLIGHT CENTER IN NEW YORK CITY
UNLV FIRST STARTED CLASS IN 1957 FROM A PIONEER OUTPOST THEN IN AN ACADEMIC POWERHOUSE AND TRANSFORMED INTO THE CAMPUS IT IS TODAY
LEGEND 1 2 3 4
SITE LOCATIONS MCCARRAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT UNLV TRANSIT CENTER FLORA DUNGAN HUMANITIES GREENSPUN HALL
CLARK COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 6 MISSION CENTER 7 THE BOULEVARD MALL 8 THE SUNRISE HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER 5
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 69
FLAMINGO AVE.
6 5
B
7
8
THE BOULEVARD MALL WAS BUILT IN 1968 WHICH WAS THE FIRST ENCLOSED CLIMATE CONTROLLED SHOPPING MALL TO BE OPEN IN NEVADA
THE SUNRISE HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER WAS FOUNDED IN 1958 WHICH WAS THE FIRST NEONATAL ICU IN 1974
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
FOOD & BEVERAGE BUILDING TYPE *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
STUDY | 70
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS FOOD & BEVERAGE (CHAIN) FOOD & BEVERAGE (LOCALLY OWNED)
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 71
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
RETAIL BUILDING TYPE *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
STUDY | 72
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS CORPORATION SMALL BUSINESS
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 73
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING TYPE *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
STUDY | 74
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS MULTI FAMILY SINGLE FAMILY
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 75
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
EDUCATION BUILDING TYPE *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 76
RUSSELL RD.
7
1
A
LEGEND 1 2 3 4
SITE LOCATIONS G.WARD ELEMENTARY PARADISE ELEMENTARY PETERSON ELEMENTARY ORR MIDDLE SCHOOL
THOMAS ELEMENTARY 6 LAKE ELEMENTARY 7 UNLV
5
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 77
FLAMINGO AVE.
2
7 3
4 5
6
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
GOVERNMENT & MEDICAL BUILDING TYPE
*OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
HACIENDA AVE.
STUDY | 78
RUSSELL RD.
TROPICANA AVE.
4
3
2
4
A
LEGEND 1 2 3 4
SITE LOCATIONS FIRE STATION POLICE STATION LIBRARY GOVERNMENT BUILDING
5
MEDICAL BUILDING
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 79
FLAMINGO AVE.
1
4 5
4
5
4 5
3
4
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
PARKS & RECREATION CENTERS *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
STUDY | 80
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS RECREATION CENTERS PARKS
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 81
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
PLANTS & VEGETATION *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 82
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS MINIMUM VEGETATION LOW VEGETATION AVERAGE VEGETATION HIGH VEGETATION
PLANT TYPES ON MARYLAND PARKWAY *BASED ON VAST MAJORITY
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 83
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
VACANT LOTS *OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTATION
STUDY | 84
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS VACANT LOTS
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 85
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
POPULATION DENSITY *US CENSUS BUREAU
STUDY | 86
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS 23,777 PERSON PER SQUARE MILE 19,876 PERSON PER SQUARE MILE 3,710 PERSON PER SQUARE MILE
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 87
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
MEDIAN HOME VALUE *US CENSUS BUREAU
STUDY | 88
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS $0 - $80,000 $81,000 - $160,000 $161,000 - $240,000 $241,000 - $320,000
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 89
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME *US CENSUS BUREAU
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
STUDY | 90
RUSSELL RD.
A
MEDIAN US HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $54,149
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS $20,000 - $40,000 $40,000 - $60,000
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 91
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE *US CENSUS BUREAU
STUDY | 92
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS 30% - 40% 20% - 29.9% 10% - 19.9% 1% - 9.9%
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 93
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS WITH POPULATION 65+ *US CENSUS BUREAU
STUDY | 94
RUSSELL RD.
A
LEGEND SITE LOCATIONS 80+ NUMBER OF ELDERLY 65+ 50 - 79 NUMBER OF ELDERLY 65+ 30 - 49 NUMBER OF ELDERLY 65+ 1 - 29 NUMBER OF ELDERLY 65+
HACIENDA AVE.
TROPICANA AVE.
KATIE AVE.
DESERT INN RD. STUDY | 95
FLAMINGO AVE.
B
1/4 mi SCALE - 1:1500
0’
750’
1500’
3000’
STUDY | 96
4
3 2
1
AXONOMETRIC LAS VEGAS, NV MARYLAND PARKWAY CORRIDOR
1
UNIVERSITY DISTRICT
2
MALL DISTRICT
3
MEDICAL DISTRICT
4
HUNTRIDGE DISTRICT
THE UNIVERSITY DISTRICT IS ANCHORED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA - LAS VEGAS (UNLV) SUPPORTING COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS. UNLV IS ONE OF THE MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS IN THE CORE CORRIDOR. THE UNIVERSITY HAS APPROXIMATELY 28,000 STUDENTS ENROLLED, ALONG WITH 3,000 EMPLOYEES AND FACULTY MEMBERS.
THE MALL DISTRICT IS ANCHORED BY BOULEVARD MALL WITH ADJACENT AND DISTINCT SINGLE FAMILY AND MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS WITH COMMERCIAL FRONTAGES. APPROXIMATELY 1,000 WORKERS ARE EMPLOYED AT THIS 1,180,000 SQUARE FOOT REGIONAL CENTER, WHICH IS ANCHORED BY MACY’S, JC PENNEY, AND SEARS.
THE MEDICAL DISTRICT CONSISTS OF COMMERCIAL FRONTAGE WITH A MIX OF MEDICAL FACILITIES ANCHORED BY SUNRISE HOSPITAL, A MAJOR REGIONAL HOSPITAL THAT EMPLOYS NEARLY 2,800 WORKERS. ADJACENT NEIGHBORHOODS CONTAIN A MIX OF SINGLE AND MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENCES.
THE HUNTRIDGE DISTRICT IS COMPRISED OF SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOMES ON A STREET GRID NETWORK WITH A REASONABLE BALANCE OF COMMUNITY AMENITIES SUCH AS SCHOOLS AND PARKS.
STUDY | 97
WITHIN THE MARYLAND PARKWAY CORRIDOR, THERE ARE FOUR UNIQUE DISTRICTS. THIS SEMESTER, THE STUDIO STUDIED THE MEDICAL DISTRICT, THE MALL DISTRICT, AND THE UNIVERSITY DISTRICT. PARTS OF THE HUNTRIDGE DISTRICT WAS STUDIED AS WELL.
STUDY | 98
5
2 3
3
4
1
2
2
2 3
1
3 23'
12'
14'
11'
2
11'
2
4
13'
84'
PLAN / SECTION MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY DISTRICT - SOUTH
1 PROPOSED RAIL 2 MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING 3 SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING
4 OPEN PARKING SHED 5 E HACIENDA AVE
0'
25'
50'
100'
STUDY | 99 1
AXONOMETRIC MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY DISTRICT - SOUTH
5
2
STUDY | 100
3
1
4
5
6
2
5 3
26’
10’
10’
10’
8’
10’
10’
10’
10’ 6’ 12’-3”
122’-3”
PLAN / SECTION MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY DISTRICT - NORTH
1 PROPOSED RAIL 2 GREEN SPUN 3 REBEL BOOKS
4 PARKING LOT 5 MARYLAND PARKWAY 6 UNIVERSITY DRIVE
0'
25'
50'
100'
STUDY | 101 1
AXONOMETRIC MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY DISTRICT - NORTH
3
STUDY | 102
3
1
2
2
1
2 6'
12'
6' 6'
30'
16'
13'
13' 2' 10' 10' 10' 85'
2 11'
8' 7'
64' 79'
PLAN / SECTION MARYLAND PARKWAY MALL DISTRICT - SOUTH
1 PROPOSED RAIL 2 COMMERCIAL 3 KATIE AVE
0'
25'
50'
100'
STUDY | 103 1 3
AXONOMETRIC MARYLAND PARKWAY MALL DISTRICT - SOUTH
4
STUDY | 104
2
3
1
2 69'
13' 82'
PLAN / SECTION MARYLAND PARKWAY MALL DISTRICT - NORTH
4
3
13'
16'
16'
14'
15'
14'
13'
15'
159'
105'
1 PROPOSED RAIL 2 COMMERCIAL 3 CROSS STREET
4 COMMERCIAL PARKING 5 DUMONT BLVD
0'
25'
50'
100'
STUDY | 105 5
1
AXONOMETRIC MARYLAND PARKWAY MALL DISTRICT - NORTH
STUDY | 106
3 1
3
2
1
8'
12' 28'
8'
14'
14'
14'
14' 85'
14'
14'
8'
20'
25' 53'
PLAN / SECTION MARYLAND PARKWAY MEDICAL DISTRICT
1 HOSPITAL 2 COMMERCIAL 3 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
0'
25'
50'
100'
STUDY | 107 3
AXONOMETRIC MARYLAND PARKWAY MEDICAL DISTRICT
3
T.O.D. PRECEDENTS THE STUDIO CONDUCTED PRECEDENT STUDIES OF DENVER, PHOENIX, SAN DIEGO, SALT LAKE CITY, PORTLAND, AND SAN FRANCISCO. ALL OF THESE PRECEDENTS HAVE AN EMERGING OR DEVELOPED LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM SIMILAR TO WHAT THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION IS PROPOSING. IN ADDITION TO THE EXISTENCE OF A LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM, THESE PRECEDENTS WERE SELECTED BECAUSE OF THEIR SIMILARITY TO LAS VEGAS IN TERMS OF LAND AREA AND/OR POPULATION SIZE. THROUGH THE PRECEDENT STUDIES, THE STUDIO DISCOVERED INFORMATIVE STATISTICS THAT WILL HELP IMAGINE WHAT MARYLAND PARKWAY WILL LOOK LIKE IN THE FUTURE. IN ALL OF THE PRECEDENT STUDIES, THE LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM ACCELERATED ECONOMIC GROWTH AND IMPROVED PROPERTY VALUES. ALL OF THE CITIES ALSO REPORTED SIGNIFICANT DROPS IN CO2 EMISSIONS. FURTHERMORE, ALL CITIES ARE EXPECTING INCREASES IN RIDERSHIP AND ARE PLANNING TO FURTHER DEVELOP THEIR LIGHT RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE FUTURE. THESE STATISTICS HELPED THE STUDIO REALIZE THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT OF THE SEMESTER’S PROJECTS.
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
PRECEDENTS | 110
*RTC OF SOUTHERN NEVADA
SINCE THE CITY’S FOUNDING IN 1905, THE LAS VEGAS METRO AREA HAS RAPIDLY GROWN TO A CITY OF 2.2 MILLION PEOPLE. THIS GROWTH IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE AND THE CITY IS FORECASTED TO GROW TO 2.8 MILLION PEOPLE BY 2050. THIS LARGE POPULATION GROWTH PUTS A STRAIN ON THE CITY’S RESOURCES, AND ONE OF THE MOST VALUABLE RESOURCES TO A CITY IS TRANSPORTATION. CURRENTLY, THE CITY’S MAIN FORM OF TRANSPORTATION IS PRIVATE CARS, WHICH PUTS A HUGE STRAIN ON THE CITY’S TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE. TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM, THE REGIONAL TRANSIT COMMISSION DEVELOPED A PLAN FOR A LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM ALONG ONE OF THE CITY’S MOST IMPORTANT CORRIDORS - MARYLAND PARKWAY.
PRECEDENTS | 111
5 4
3
2
1
AERIAL MAP LAS VEGAS, NV 1 2 3 4 5
MCCARRAN INTL AIRPORT UNLV - MAIN CAMPUS LAS VEGAS STRIP DOWNTOWN LAS VEGAS UNLV - SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
PORTLAND, OREGON
PRECEDENTS | 112
*THE 2035 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLAN, PORTLAND BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION *THE 2040 GROWTH CONCEPT PLAN, OREGON METRO
IN THE 1990’S, THE RESIDENTS OF OREGON SET FORTH TO CREATE A PLAN FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS REGION. WHAT TRANSPIRED WAS A 50 YEAR INITIATIVE ENTITLED THE 2040 GROWTH CONCEPT THAT HELPED TO SET A FRAMEWORK THAT WOULD SET GOALS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM THAT WOULD IN TURN GENERATE A HEALTHY ECONOMY THAT PROVIDES JOBS, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, AND EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL. THE 2040 GROWTH CONCEPT IDENTIFIED TEN URBAN DESIGN TYPES THAT ARE THE MAIN FOCAL POINTS OF THE GROWTH AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION. THOSE TEN URBAN DESIGN COMPONENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS: CENTRAL CITY, TOWN CENTERS, MAIN STREETS, REGIONAL CENTERS, STATION COMMUNITIES, CORRIDORS, INDUSTRIAL AREAS / FREIGHT TERMINALS, PARKS AND NATURAL AREAS, RURAL RESERVES, AND NEIGHBORING CITIES. IN CONJUNCTION WITH OREGON’S INITIATIVE OF THE 2040 GROWTH CONCEPT, THE PORTLAND BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION SET FORTH AN INITIATIVE ENTITLED THE 2035 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLAN THAT FOCUSES ON THE CITY’S CURRENT MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, INCLUDING THAT OF THEIR ADVANCED LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM. CURRENTLY, THE MAX LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IN PORTLAND SERVES 116,800 RIDERS DAILY. WITH 5 LINES SPRAWLING THROUGHOUT PORTLAND AND CONNECTING NEIGHBORHOODS, AND 97 STATIONS SCATTERED ALONG THE WAY, THE MAX HAS ENABLED THE CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN THE COMMUNITIES. THE MAX LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IS CURRENTLY UNDERGOING PROPOSALS TO ADD A 12 MILE LINE (TO THE ALREADY EXISTING 60 MILES) CONNECTING DOWNTOWN PORTLAND TO A NEIGHBORING TOWN OF TUALATIN. CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR PLAN IS SET TO BEGIN IN 2025.
116,800 RIDERS A DAY IN THE NEXT 20 YEARS...
GOALS
5
140,000 NEW JOBS 260,000 NEW RESIDENTS 2035 URBAN DESIGN GOALS... CONNECT PEOPLE & NEIGHBORHOODS COMPLETE NEIGHBORHOODS ENCOURAGE JOB GROWTH FIT LOCAL CONDITIONS IMPROVE NATURAL AREAS & OPEN SPACES
PRECEDENTS | 113
CURRENTLY ON THE MAX LIGHT RAIL...
1
2
5
3
PRECEDENTS | 114
4
6
2
17'
10' 39'
PLAN / SECTION PORTLAND, OR PIONEER SQUARE
5
1
3
11'
12' 16'
23'
EXISTING LIGHT RAIL 1 PIONEER SQUARE COURTHOUSE 2 PIONEER SQUARE 3 SW 6TH AVE
0'
10'
17'
38'
19'
4 SW YAMHILL 5 SW 5TH AVE 6 APPLE STORE
25'
50'
100'
2
PRECEDENTS | 115
9 1
8 7
5
4
6 3
AERIAL MAP PORTLAND, OR 1 2 3 4 5
WILLAMETTE RIVER PORTLAND INTL AIRPORT POWELL BUTTE NATURE PARK MT TABOR PARK PORTLAND TRANSIT PARK
6 7 8 9
COUNCIL CREST PARK OREGON ZOO PORTLAND JAPANESE GARDEN FOREST PARK
0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
PRECEDENTS | 116
*TRAX, UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY
THE SALT LAKE CITY LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IS CALLED TRAX AND IS OPERATED BY UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY. THE SYSTEM BEGAN IN 1999 AND THE MOST RECENT EXTENSION WAS COMPLETED IN 2013. TRAX SERVES THE GREATER SALT LAKE CITY AREA POPULATION OF 2,240,265 AND HAS A DAILY RIDERSHIP OF 67,300. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF 3 LINES AND 50 STATIONS. THE GREEN LINE RUNS FROM SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO DOWNTOWN CONNECTIONS IN DOWNTOWN SALT LAKE CITY AND ON TO THE WEST VALLEY. THE BLUE LINE RUNS FROM THE INTERMODAL HUB, A COUPLE OF BLOCKS WEST OF DOWNTOWN, THROUGH DOWNTOWN, AND ON TO THE SOUTH END OF THE SALT LAKE VALLEY. THE RED LINE RUNS EASTWARD TO THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH AND THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH MEDICAL CENTER, AND WESTWARD TO SOUTH JORDAN AND DAYBREAK. TRAX PROVIDES CONVENIENT TRANSPORTATION TO SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, THE INTER MODAL HUB, VIVINT SMART HOME ARENA, HISTORIC TEMPLE SQUARE, CITY CENTER, THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, AND RIO TINTO STADIUM. ALL LINES MEET AT STATIONS IN DOWNTOWN SALT LAKE CITY. THE LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IS INTENDED TO REDUCE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC IN THE RAPIDLY GROWING CITY. AIR POLLUTION IS A HUGE PROBLEM IN SALT LAKE CITY, WHERE INVERSION IN THE WINTER TRAPS WARM, POLLUTED AIR BENEATH COLD AIR. TRAX IS A PART OF AN EFFORT TO REDUCE DEPENDENCY ON VEHICULAR MODES OF TRANSPORTATION, WHICH CAN HAVE DETRIMENTAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON THE CITY.
67,000 RIDERS A DAY PROJECTED COST OF THE TERMINAL... 1,300 NEW JOBS $66 MILLION IN INCOME GENERATED $227 MILLION IN ANNUAL BUSINESS SALES
BY 2030...
90% OF RESIDENTS WILL LIVE WITHIN 3 MILES FROM A MAJOR STATION
PRECEDENTS | 117
CURRENTLY ON THE TRAX LIGHT RAIL...
1
PRECEDENTS | 118
1
10'
35'
35'
30'
1
20'
130'
PLAN / SECTION SALT LAKE CITY, UT TROLLEY STATION
EXISTING LIGHT RAIL 1 COMMERCIAL
0'
25'
50'
100'
1
PRECEDENTS | 119
2
AERIAL MAP SALT LAKE CITY, UT 1 TEMPLE SQUARE 2 TROLLEY STATION 0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
DENVER, COLORADO
PRECEDENTS | 120
*RTD OF DENVER
THE DENVER LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IS OPERATED BY REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT (RTD). THE LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM SERVICES THE METRO DENVER POPULATION OF 2.92 MILLION PEOPLE. THE DAILY RIDERSHIP OF THE RAIL SYSTEM IS 86,900. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF NINE RAIL LINES THAT SERVICE 53 STATIONS ALONG DENVER’S NORTH, EAST, SOUTHEAST, SOUTHWEST, AND WEST RAIL CORRIDORS. TWO OF THESE LINES ARE COMMUTER RAIL LINES, WHICH PROVIDE FASTER TRANSPORTATION IN AND OUT OF THE CITY CENTER. THE B LINE SERVES THE NORTH CORRIDOR, THE A LINE SERVES THE EAST CORRIDOR, THE E,F,R,H LINES SERVE THE SOUTHEAST CORRIDOR, THE C AND D LINES SERVE THE SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR, AND THE W LINE SERVES THE WEST CORRIDOR. THE LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS STOPS AT MAJOR HOT SPOTS LIKE DENVER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, THE THEATRE DISTRICT, CONVENTION CENTER, SPORTS AUTHORITY FIELD AT MILE HIGH, PEPSI CENTER, THE 16TH STREET MALL, AND PARK MEADOWS MALL. ALL LINES MEET AT 16TH STREET MALL, WHICH IS A FREE RIDE ZONE. THE RTD HOPES TO MEET THREE GOALS THROUGH THE CREATION OF AN EXTENSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. THESE THREE GOALS ARE AIMED AT INCREASING THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR THE RESIDENTS OF DENVER. THE FIRST GOAL IS TO BALANCE TRANSIT NEEDS WITH REGIONAL GROWTH, AS DENVER’S POPULATION IS INCREASING. THE SECOND GOAL IS TO INCREASE TRANSIT MODE SHARE IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC. THE THIRD GOAL IS TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS AND CHOICES, MAKING TRIPS TO DOWNTOWN SHORTER AND MORE PREDICTABLE.
86,900 RIDERS A DAY THE DENVER LIGHT RAIL HAS RESULTED IN...
GOALS
3
56% INCREASE IN SURROUNDING PROPERTY VALUE PER FT2 RTD’S THREE GOALS... BALANCE TRANSIT NEEDS WITH REGIONAL GROWTH INCREASE TRANSIT MODE SHARE IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION CHOICES AND OPTIONS
PRECEDENTS | 121
CURRENTLY ON THE DENVER LIGHT RAIL...
1 2
PRECEDENTS | 122
2
42'
4'
26'
2'
40'
9'
72'
27'
9'
32'
119'
PLAN / SECTION DENVER, CO UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
EXISTING LIGHT RAIL 1 RESIDENTIAL 2 MIXED-USE
0'
25'
50'
100'
PRECEDENTS | 123
1 2
3
AERIAL MAP DENVER, CO 1 UNION STATION 2 16TH STREET MALL 3 UNIVERSITY OF DENVER 0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI II
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
PRECEDENTS | 124
*SAN DIEGO MTS - HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT PAGE *SAN DIEGO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT SYSTEM COMMUNITY IMPACT REPORT
THE TROLLEY BEGAN SERVICE ON JULY 26, 1981 MAKING IT THE OLDEST OF THE “SECOND GENERATION” LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE ENTIRE TROLLEY NETWORK SERVES 53 STATIONS, AND COMPRISES 53.5 MILES OF ROUTE, AND THREE PRIMARY LINES NAMED THE BLUE LINE, THE ORANGE LINE, AND THE GREEN LINE,AS WELL AS A SUPPLEMENTARY HERITAGE STREETCAR DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR KNOWN AS THE SILVER LINE THAT OPERATES ON SELECT WEEKDAYS, WEEKENDS AND HOLIDAYS. IN 2014, THE TROLLEY WAS THE 4TH MOST-RIDDEN LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH AN AVERAGE OF 119,800 RIDERS PER WEEKDAY. LIGHT RAIL SERVICE IS OPERATED BY SDTI ON FOUR LINES (THE UC SAN DIEGO BLUE, ORANGE, GREEN AND SILVER LINES) WITH A TOTAL OF 53 STATIONS AND 54.3 MILES OF RAIL. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES THE MID-COAST TROLLEY EXTENSION WHICH IS ESTIMATED TO CREATE 24,000 JOBS. AND FOR EVERY $1 INVESTED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, IT GENERATES $4 IN ECONOMIC RETURNS. AND FOR EVERY $1 BILLION OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN TRANSIT, CREATES 12,000 JOBS.
119,000 RIDERS A DAY IN THE NEXT 5 YEARS...
34,000 NEW JOBS 300,000 NEW RESIDENTS ON AVERAGE...
17% PROPERTY VALUE INCREASE 400% INVESTMENT RETURN IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PRECEDENTS | 125
CURRENTLY ON THE MTS LIGHT RAIL...
3
2
PRECEDENTS | 126
1
2 1
3
23'
12'
12'
12'
59'
PLAN / SECTION SAN DIEGO, CA AMERICA PLAZA STATION
EXISTING LIGHT RAIL 1 ONE AMERICA PLAZA 2 AMERICA PLAZA STATION
3 SAN DIEGO-SANTA FE TRANSIT CENTER
0'
25'
50'
100'
PRECEDENTS | 127
1
3 2 4
5
7
6 8
AERIAL MAP SAN DIEGO, CA 1 2 3 4 5
SAN DIEGO INTL AIRPORT 6 SAN DIEGO CONVENTION CENTER SAN DIEGO ZOO 7 NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER MARTIME MUSEUM OF SAN DIEGO 8 NAVAL BASE SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO PASSPORT AGENCY MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
PRECEDENTS | 128
*VALLEY METRO ONLINE PAGE *URBAN ECONOMICS - TOD MIXED USE HOUSING MARKET DEMAND STUDY
PART OF THE VALLEY METRO PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM, IT SERVES THE CITIES OF PHOENIX, TEMPE, AND MESA. CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN MARCH 2005; OPERATION STARTED DECEMBER 27, 2008. THE LINE HAD A WEEKDAY RIDERSHIP OF 43,543 IN 2015, MAKING IT THE 14TH BUSIEST LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM IN THE COUNTRY. IN THE YEARS SINCE IT OPENED IN 2008, THE SYSTEM HAS UNDERGONE TWO EXPANSIONS, WITH AT LEAST FIVE MORE SCHEDULED, INCLUDING TEMPE STREETCAR. FURTHERMORE, EXTENSIONS ARE PLANNED IN GLENDALE, AND INTO SOUTH PHOENIX TO BASELINE ROAD, ALL OF WHICH WERE EXPANDED AS A DIRECT RESULT OF OBTAINING FUNDING UNDER THE PROPOSITION 104 SALES TAX INCREASE. THE RAIL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF 26 MILES, 35 STATIONS, OPERATES 7 DAYS A WEEK, 20+ HOURS A DAY, WITH A 12 MINUTE PEAK FREQUENCY. DEVELOPMENT IS CONSTANTLY OCCURRING AROUND THE RAIL SYSTEM, T.O.D. HOUSING AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN MAN BUSINESSES IS OCCURRING RAPIDLY
63,000 RIDERS A DAY IN THE NEXT 5 YEARS...
12,000 NEW JOBS 60,000 NEW APARTMENTS ON AVERAGE...
6% PROPERTY VALUE INCREASE 16% OF ALL WORKERS USE THE SYSTEM TO COMMUTE TO WORK (WITHIN 1/2 MI RADIUS)
PRECEDENTS | 129
CURRENTLY ON THE VALLEY METRO LIGHT RAIL...
2
3 4
PRECEDENTS | 130
1
1 4
3 2 10'
11'
11'
11'
14'
57'
PLAN / SECTION PHOENIX, AZ CENTRAL AVENUE STATION
EXISTING LIGHT RAIL 1 FREEPORT-MCMORAN CENTER 2 THE WESTIN
0'
3 LIGHT RAIL STOP 4 CENTRAL PLAZA STATION
25'
50'
100'
PRECEDENTS | 131
3 5
4 2
7 8
6
1
AERIAL MAP PHOENIX, AZ 1 2 3 4 5
PHX SKY HARBOR INTL AIRPORT UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT PHOENIX ART MUSEUM CIVIC SPACE PARK UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
6 ARIZONA SCIENCE CENTER 7 ARIZONA STATE HOSPITAL 8 PHOENIX ZOO 0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
PRECEDENTS | 132
*TRANSBAY CENTER WEBSITE
TRANSBAY TERMINAL / CALTRAIN DOWNTOWN EXTENSION / REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT AIMS TO IMPROVE PUBLIC ACCESS TO BUS AND RAIL SERVICES, MODERNIZE THE TRANSBAY TERMINAL, AND TO IMPROVE SERVICES. CALTRAIN IS A COMMUTER RAILROAD OPERATING BETWEEN SAN FRANCISCO AND SAN JOSE. THE CALTRAIN MODERNIZATION PROGRAM IS THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE TO THE PENINSULA RAIL SERVICE. SINCE THEN IT HAS UPGRADED THE CORRIDOR AND IMPROVED SERVICE DUE TO THE CONVERSION TO ELECTRIC POWER. THIS SWEEPING REINVENTION OF THE RAILROAD ARMED CALTRAIN’S PIVOTAL ROLE AS A KEY MODE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE REGION. IT BRINGS MORE SERVICE TO MORE PEOPLE AT MORE STATIONS, REDUCED THE TRAIN’S GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY MORE THAN 90 PERCENT, CUT THE SUBSIDY REQUIRED TO OPERATE THE TRAIN AND TOOK MORE CARS OFF THE REGION’S ROADS. SUSTAINABILITY BENEFITS -REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION -SAVING HOUSEHOLDS MONEY -MITIGATING TRAFFIC CONGESTION -REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND RELATED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS -IMPROVING REGIONAL AIR QUALITY
45 MILLION PEOPLE A DAY THE TRANSBAY TERMINAL IS PROJECTED TO COST...
$2.3 BILLION IN PROJECT COSTS THE TRANSBAY TERMINAL IS PROJECTED TO CONTAIN...
100,000 FT2 IN RETAIL SPACE 235,000 FT2 IN PARK SPACE
PRECEDENTS | 133
THE TRANSBAY TERMINAL IS PROJECTED TO SERVE...
9 7
PRECEDENTS | 134
8
6
6
5
4
7 11’
8 30’
40’
1
11’
3
2
PLAN / SECTION SAN FRANCISCO, CA TRANSBAY CENTER
1 2 3 4 5
RETAIL BART TICKETING BUS DECK URBAN PARK
6 7 8 9
0'
25'
FUTURE TOWER MINNA ST NATOMA ST FINANCIAL BUILDING
50'
100'
3
PRECEDENTS | 135
2
1 6 5
7 8
AERIAL MAP SAN FRANCISCO, CA 1 2 3 4 5
GOLDEN GATE PARK PALACE OF FINE ARTS THEATRE CHIRADELLI SQUARE UNION SQUARE TWIN PEAKS
6 MISSION DOLORES PARK 7 SAN FRANCISCO ZOO 8 LAKE MERCED PARK 0
1 MI
2 MI
4 MI
4
SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IS A SUSTAINABLE URBAN PRACTICE, BUT TO MAKE A BIGGER IMPACT IN SUSTAINABILITY, EACH TEAM WAS TASKED WITH DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES INTO THE BUILDINGS. THE FOLLOWING CHAPTER PROVIDES A GLIMPSE OF SOME OF THE SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES THE STUDIO USED IN THEIR PROJECTS. THE STRATEGIES WERE ADAPTED FROM THE 2030 PALETTE, WHICH IS A DATABASE OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT HELP DESIGNERS CREATE NET ZERO CARBON BUILDINGS. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IS INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT IN A RAPIDLY GROWING DESERT CITY, AS ALREADY SCARCE NATURAL RESOURCES ARE STRAINED EVEN MORE. THUS, THE TRANSIT-ORIENTED PROJECTS OF THE STUDIO SHOWCASE BOTH THE POSSIBILITIES OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE.
URBAN BIKEWAYS *2030 PALETTE
THERE ARE FOUR BIKEWAY MODES: BIKE LANES, CYCLE TRACKS, CYCLING BOULEVARDS, AND OFF-ROAD ROUTES. BIKE LANES ARE THE CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATED LANES ADJACENT TO THE CURB. CYCLE TRACKS ARE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED FROM MOTOR TRAFFIC AND THE SIDEWALK BY A BARRIER AND PROVIDE A SAFER ENVIRONMENT FOR BICYCLISTS. CYCLING BOULEVARDS ARE DESIGNATED STREETS FOR CYCLING, COMPLETE WITH SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LOW SPEED LIMITS, OFTEN DISCOURAGING MOTORIZED VEHICLES. OFF-ROAD ROUTES ARE BICYCLE ROUTES THAT ARE TYPICALLY LOCATED OFF THE STREET LEVEL AND PROHIBIT ANY MOTORIZED VEHICLES.
APPROACHES | 138
WELL-DESIGNED BIKEWAYS LINK NEIGHBORHOODS, BUSINESS DISTRICTS, AND MASS TRANSIT, WHILE CREATING A CYCLING ENVIRONMENT THAT IS SAFE, COMFORTABLE, AND AESTHETICALLY PLEASING.
APPROACHES | 139 *INDIANAPOLIS CULTURAL TRAIL, INDIANAPOLIS, IN - PHOTO CREDIT: KELLEY JORDAN SCHUYLER
COMPLETE STREETS *2030 PALETTE
WHEN ONE MODE OF TRANSPORTATION DOMINATES OTHERS, TRAVELING CAN BECOME A VERY DANGEROUS TASK. COMPLETE STREETS ARE DESIGNED TO MAKE TRANSPORTATION EASIER AND SAFER.
APPROACHES | 140
SIDEWALKS, BIKE LANES, TRAFFIC LANES, AND ON-STREET PARKING (OPTIONAL) ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS THAT MAKE A COMPLETE STREET. THE SCOPE VARIES ACCORDING TO ITS COMMUNITY CONTEXT, SO A COMPLETE STREET IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA WILL LOOK DIFFERENT FROM A COMPLETE STREET IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA. REGARDLESS OF THE MODE OF TRANSPORTATION, BALANCING THE NEEDS OF PEDESTRIANS, CYCLISTS, MOTORISTS, AND PUBLIC TRANSIT WILL MAKE THE STREET COMFORTABLE, SAFE AND CONVENIENT FOR EVERYONE. SOME OF THE BENEFITS PROVIDED BY COMPLETE STREETS INCLUDE ENHANCED SAFETY, STRONGER ECONOMIES, REDUCED SPEEDING, AND IMPROVED OVERALL HEALTH.
APPROACHES | 141 *GUADALUPE STREET, AUSTIN, TX - PHOTO CREDIT: CITY OF AUSTIN
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT *2030 PALETTE
TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS (T.O.D.’S) ARE A MIX OF HOUSING, RETAIL, AND/ OR COMMERCIAL AREAS AND AMENITIES WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.
APPROACHES | 142
T.O.D.’S ARE ESTABLISHED WITHIN 1/4 MILE OR 1/2 MILE WALKING DISTANCE TO PUBLIC TRANSIT, WITH AREAS NEAR THE TRANSIT INCREASING IN INTENSITY. T.O.D.’S CONSERVE LAND, ENCOURAGE WALKING AND BICYCLING, WHILE REDUCING INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. T.O.D.’S ARE CATEGORIZED INTO THE FOLLOWING TYPES: CORE: DENSE DOWNTOWN CORES OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE WITH TWO OR MORE MODES OF HIGH-CAPACITY TRANSIT. CENTER: MIXED-USE RESIDENTIAL AND EMPLOYMENT DISTRICTS CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO MODES OF TRANSIT. VILLAGE: SMALLER CENTERS OF LOCAL ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY WITH TRANSIT SERVICE. DESTINATION: INSTITUTIONAL AND UNIVERSITY CENTERS, STADIUMS, AND REGIONAL PARKS.
DENSE DOWNTOWN CORES
TWO OR MORE TRANSIT OPTIONS
CORE
MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL AND EMPLOYMENT
SMALL CENTERS OF LOCAL ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY
INSTITUTIONAL, STADIUMS, AND REGIONAL PARKS
TWO OR MORE TRANSIT OPTIONS
CENTER
VILLAGE
DESTINATION
APPROACHES | 143 *THE BLOC, LOS ANGELES, CA - PHOTO CREDIT: STUDIOONELEVEN
RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES *2030 PALETTE
RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES ARE MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT, COMBINED WITH HIGHER RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES, ENCOURAGES TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AND WALKING. THE PROPORTION OF MULTIFAMILY TO SINGLE-FAMILY UNITS MAY VARY IN A TRANSITORIENTED DISTRICT (T.O.D.), BUT THE OVERALL RESIDENTIAL DENSITY SHOULD REACH THE MINIMUM AVERAGE FOR THE ENTIRE T.O.D. AND TRANSIT SERVICE PROVIDED.
APPROACHES | 144
AS RESIDENTIAL DENSITY INCREASES, TRANSIT RIDERSHIP INCREASES AND BECOMES MORE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE. ACTUAL DENSITIES SHOULD BE DETERMINED BY LOCAL CONDITIONS AND PUBLIC TRANSIT CAPACITIES.
RECOMMENDED ‘MINIMUM AVERAGE’ RESIDENTIAL DENSITY FOR T.O.D. TYPE AND TRANSIT SERVICE: BUS SERVICE
RAIL SERVICE
CORE: 20 HEC (50) ACRE CENTER: 10 HEC(25) ACRE VILLAGE: 6 HEC(15) ACRE
CORE: 30 HEC(75) ACRE CENTER: 16 HEC(40) ACRE VILLAGE: 15 HEC(30) ACRE
APPROACHES | 145 *THE TUPELO ALLEY MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT, PORTLAND, OR - PHOTO CREDIT: SERA DESIGN ARCHITECT
DISTRICT CENTERS *2030 PALETTE
DISTRICT CENTERS ARE MIXED-USE, HIGH-DENSITY CORE AREAS SERVED BY PUBLIC TRANSIT. DENSITIES IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED DISTRICTS ARE NORMALLY GREATEST IN THE DISTRICT CENTER – THE ¼ MILE RADIUS SURROUNDING A TRANSIT STATION.
APPROACHES | 146
AT LEAST 40% OF A MIXED-USE DISTRICT CENTER HAS GROUND FLOOR RETAIL, RESTAURANT, COMMERCIAL AND/OR PERSONAL SERVICES. DISTRICT CENTER CHARACTERISTICS (EMPLOYEES, HOUSING UNITS, FLOOR AREA RATIO): CORE EMPLOYEES: 500/HA HOUSING: 125-185/HA, FAR: 3.0 CENTER EMPLOYEES: 185/HA HOUSING: 60-100/HA, FAR: 1.0 TO 2.0 VILLAGE EMPLOYEES: 185/HA HOUSING: 60-100/HA ,FAR: 1.0 TO 2.0
FAR = 4.3
THE USE OF SOFTSCAPE AND HARDSCAPE TO CREATE PUBLIC INTERACTION IN A SUCCESSFUL CORE DESIGN.
FAR = 3.2
APPROACHES | 147 *PEARL DISTRICT, PORTLAND, OR - PHOTO CREDIT: FLICKER
BUILDING FACADES *2030 PALETTE
A CLIMATE-BASED BUILDING FACADE IS A FILTER, BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR THAT CREATES COMFORTABLE INTERNAL LIVING CONDITIONS. AL BAHAR, IN THE 145 METER TOWERS DESIGNED A RESPONSIVE FACADE WHICH TAKES CULTURAL CUES FROM THE “MASHRABIYA”, A TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC LATTICE SHADING DEVICE.
APPROACHES | 148
A DYNAMIC AND SENSITIVE SHADING SCREEN ACTING AS A SECONDARY SKIN FILTERS THE LIGHT AND REDUCES GLARE. THE SYSTEM IS POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY DERIVED FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS. WRAPS GIANT LATTICE ALMOST TWO TOWERS COMPLETELY EXCEPT FOR THE AREA NORTH-FACING FACADES. THE SCREEN OPERATES AS A CURTAIN WALL, SIX FEET OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGS’ EXTERIOR ON AN INDEPENDENT FRAME. EACH TRIANGLE IS COATED WITH FIBERGLASS AND PROGRAMED TO RESPOND TO THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN TO REDUCE SOLAR GAIN AND GLARE. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT SUCH A SCREEN WILL REDUCING SOLAR GAIN BY MORE THAN 50 PERCENT,AND REDUCE THE BUILDING’S NEED FOR ENERGY-DRAINING AIR CONDITIONING. PLUS, THE SHADE’S ABILITY TO FILTER THE LIGHT HAS ALLOWED THE ARCHITECTS TO BE USE NATURALLY TINTED GLASS, FOR WELL-LIT, BETTER VIEWS AND LESS ARTIFICIAL LIGHT.
APPROACHES | 149 *AL BAHAR TOWERS, ABU DHABI - PHOTO CREDIT: AEDAS ARCHITECTS
FORM FOR DAYLIGHTING *2030 PALETTE
BUILDING FLOOR PLATES CAN BE ELONGATED, CURVED, OR ORGANIZED INTO MANY SHAPES. BUILDINGS ELONGATED IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION EXPOSE THE LONGER NORTH AND SOUTH SIDES FOR CONTROLLED DAYLIGHTING, AND HIGH CEILINGS AND WINDOWS ALLOW FOR GREATER INTERIOR DAYLIGHT PENETRATION. BUILDING WITH LARGE FLOOR PLATES CAN INTRODUCE DAYLIGHT THROUGH ATRIUMS AND COURTYARDS. LOW-RISE AND ONESTORY STRUCTURES CAN BE ANY SHAPE SINCE INTERIOR SPACES HAVE ACCESS TO THE ROOF FOR DAYLIGHT.
APPROACHES | 150
DESERT NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE CORN CREEK VISITOR CENTER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILT WITH AN ELONGATED IN THE NORTH TO SOUTH SIDES TO CONTROL THE DAYLIGHT AND HAVE THE ATRIUM AT 17’-5” HIGH CEILINGS AND POSITIONS WINDOWS THAT ARE ALIGNED TO INCREASE THE INTERIOR DAYLIGHT. TO ACCOMPLISH SUCCESSFUL FORM OF DAYLIGHT: -USE THE 15/30 FEET RULE-OF-THUMB FOR DEVELOPING BUILDING SHAPES AND FLOOR PLATES. -ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING -DIFFUSE LIGHT
APPROACHES | 151 *CORN CREEK VISITOR CENTER, CORN CREEK, NV - PHOTO CREDIT: JMA ARCHITECTURE STUDIO
SHADING DEVICES *2030 PALETTE
APPROACHES | 152
A TECHNIQUE WHICH INVOLVES THE USE OF ACTIVELY RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS TO POSITION OF THE SUN THROUGH THE USE OF BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOUVERS, HORIZONTAL PANELS, OR VERTICAL FINS TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT THAT ENTERS INTO THE BUILDING. SHADING DEVICES CAN RANGE FROM MANUAL METHODS OF ADJUSTMENT ALL THE WAY TO THE EXTREMELY COMPLEX AUTOMATED SYSTEMS WHICH TRACK THE SUN THROUGHOUT THE DAY. STRATEGIES SUCH AS THESE HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REDUCE 80% OF HEAT GAIN WITHIN A BUILDING. GENERAL TIPS -UNDERSTANDING OF SUN ANGLES IS CRITICAL TO VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DESIGN INCLUDING DETERMINING BASIC BUILDING ORIENTATION -CONDUCT MODELING AND ANALYSIS. ENERGY MODELING, LIGHTING MODELS, DAYLIGHTING STUDIES, COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ARE ALL TOOLS THAT DESIGNERS CAN AND SHOULD USE TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE DESIGN BEST INTEGRATES WITH THE LOCAL CLIMATE -PERFORM MULTIPLE ITERATIONS. IT WILL TAKE THE DESIGN TEAM MULTIPLE PASSES OF JUST THESE BASIC LAYOUTS IN YOUR PRE-DESIGN OR SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE TO HONE IN ON THE LOWEST ENERGY USE POSSIBLE, OPTIMIZED FOR YOUR SPECIFIC SITE
APPROACHES | 153 *EDITH-GREEN WENDELL WYATT FEDERAL BUILDING, PORTLAND, OR - PHOTO CREDIT: SERA ARCHITECTS AND CUTLER ANDERSON ARCHITECTS
SOLAR SHADING *2030 PALETTE
APPROACHES | 154
IN EXTREMELY HOT CLIMATES DIRECT SUNLIGHT IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TOWARDS HEAT GAIN WITHIN A BUILDING.. IN SOLAR SHADING WE USE THE BUILDINGS ORIENTATION ALONG WITH PASSIVELY FIXED HORIZONTAL PANELS, LOUVERS, VERTICAL FINS, AND EGG CRATE TECHNIQUES TO BLOCK THE SUN BEFORE ENTERING THE BUILDING. THE 8 DIAGRAMS SHOWN ARE JUST SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH WE ACHIEVE PASSIVE SOLAR SHADING. GENERAL TIPS -UNDERSTANDING OF SUN ANGLES IS CRITICAL TO VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DESIGN INCLUDING DETERMINING BASIC BUILDING ORIENTATION -SHADING DEVICES MUST BE CAREFULLY ENGINEERED TO ALLOW THE SUN TO PENETRATE ONLY DURING PREDETERMINED TIMES OF THE YEAR. -LIMIT EAST/WEST GLASS. GLASS ON THESE EXPOSURES IS HARDER TO SHADE FROM THE EASTERN MORNING SUN OR WESTERN EVENING SUN. VERTICAL OR EGG-CRATE FIXED SHADING WORKS WELL IF THE SHADING PROJECTIONS ARE FAIRLY DEEP OR CLOSE TOGETHER
PLAN
APPROACHES | 155 *QUASITUM Q-FOUR OFFICE BUILDING, INDIA- PHOTO CREDIT: FLUID SPACE ARCHITECTS
EAST WEST SHADING *2030 PALETTE
EAST / WEST SHADING IS GEARED AT SHADING LOW MORNING AND EVENING SUN ANGLES. MORNING AND EVENING SHADING HAS TWO FUNCTIONS: -REDUCE SUN GLARE -BLOCKING RADIATION TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN
APPROACHES | 156
THOUGH MINIMIZING HEAT GAIN IN THE SUMMER IS OF A VITAL CONSIDERATION IN LAS VEGAS, IN THE WINTER SOLAR HEAT GAIN CAN BE ADVANTAGEOUS. IN ORDER TO SHADE THE LOW SUN ANGLES A VERTICAL DEVICE IS SUGGESTED. VERTICAL SHADING DEVICES CAN BE ORIENTED TO BLOCK THE ANGLE OF THE AZIMUTH OF THE SUMMER SUN. THE SUN RISES AT SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT LOCATIONS ALONG THE EASTERN HORIZON THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ALLOWING US TO BLOCK ONLY THE SUMMER SUN RISES AND SETTINGS. THE AZIMUTH OF LAS VEGAS’ SUN RISE AND SET FOR BOTH SUMMER AND WINTER CAN BE FOUND USING A SUN PATH DIAGRAM FOR THE 36° LATITUDE. VERTICAL SHADING ON EAST / WESTERN FACING WINDOWS SHADE DIRECT MORNING SUN AND RADIATION ALLOW FOR THE MID-DAY AMBIENT LIGHT TO PROVIDE DAYLIGHTING TO THE ROOMS WITHIN
SUN ANGELS FROM 36° LATITUDE SUN PATH DIAGRAM 30° SUMMER SUN RISE ANGLE
120° PLAN
30° WINTER SUN RISE ANGLE
APPROACHES | 157 *COUNCIL HOUSE 2, AUSTRALIA - PHOTO CREDIT: CITY OF MELBOURNE
5
T.O.D. PLACEMAKING AFTER CONDUCTING AN URBAN ANALYSIS, LOOKING AT PRECEDENTS, AND STUDYING SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES, THE STUDIO APPLIED THE NEWLY DISCOVERED KNOWLEDGE TO THE TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. THE STUDIO WAS SPLIT INTO GROUPS OF TWO AND DESIGNED FOR ONE OF TWO SITES. THE FIRST SITE IS UNIVERSITY SOUTH STOP AND THE SECOND SITE IS THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT STOP. EACH OF THESE PROJECTS WAS DESIGNED WITH CULTURE, ECOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, AND URBAN CONTEXT IN MIND. THE FIRST THREE PROJECTS WERE DESIGNED FOR THE UNIVERSITY SOUTH SITE AND THE LAST TWO PROJECTS WERE DESIGNED FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT SITE. THE NATURE OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IS MIXED USE, SO THE PROGRAM OF THE DESIGNS INCLUDES AT LEAST 20,000 SQUARE FEET OF RETAIL, 120,000 SQUARE FEET OF OFFICE SPACE/EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, AND 8,00015,000 SQUARE FEET OF CEREMONIAL SPACE.
GATEWAY TOWERS UNIVERSITY SOUTH STACY JACOBSEN & ANTHONY VUONG
PROGRAM RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RESEARCH RETAIL TOTAL
PLACEMAKING | 160
PARKING RATIO 6 - 2BED RESIDENTIAL 1.75:UNIT 2:UNIT 10 - 3BED RESIDENTIAL 4:1,000 FT2 OFFICE RESEARCH 2:1,000 FT2 RETAIL 4:1,000 FT2 TOTAL PROVIDED
47,467 FT2 19,517 FT2 25,253 FT2 26,782 FT2 119,019 FT2
REQ’D 11 20 80 75 108 294 146
THE NEW GATEWAY TOWERS TRANSIT STATION IS LOCATED AT THE INTERSECT BETWEEN UNIVERSITY ROAD AND MARYLAND PARKWAY. GATEWAY TOWERS TRANSIT CENTER CREATES A NEW CONNECTION WITH UNLV’S PROPOSED FUTURE RAPID TRANSIT STATION , WHICH WILL BE SITUATED ON THE EXISTING IN & OUT LOCATION. THE CONCEPT ADDRESSES ESSENTIAL T.O.D PRINCIPLES BY ACTIVATING THE GROUND LEVEL THROUGH RETAIL, BIKE LANES, RAISED TABLE, AND ENLARGED SIDEWALKS. THE PROJECT USES THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE TOWERS THAT COMMUNICATES BETWEEN ONE ANOTHER TO FORM A CENTRAL CEREMONIAL SPACE FOR BOTH MASS TRANSIT AND PEDESTRIAN REALM. A UNIQUE FEATURE IN BUILDING IS THE VARIOUS WAYS THAT TRANSPORTATION IS CELEBRATED AT VARIOUS LEVELS OF THE PROJECT. THE SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES THAT WERE ADOPTED ARE VERTICAL LOUVERS, CARVED OUT SPACES THAT CREATE SHADE, AND AN ACTIVE SYSTEM TO BLOCK DIRECT SUN LIGHT.
PLACEMAKING | 161
3
4 11
6
11
10 12 2 5
1
7
PLACEMAKING | 162
8
7
SITE / GROUND LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH GATEWAY TOWERS
9
1 2 3 4 5 6
CAFE RIO WELLS FARGO PARKING GARAGE AMPHITHEATER RTC WAITING AREA RESIDENCE LOBBY
7 8 9 10 11 12 0'
25'
RTC RAPID TRANSIT STATION MARYLAND PARKWAY COLLEGE TOWN PLAZA CVS PHARMACY BACK OF HOUSE COFFEE SHOP 50'
100'
3
4
6
2 5
1
7
7
TYPICAL LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH GATEWAY TOWERS
PLACEMAKING | 163
8
9
1 2 3 4 5 6
CAFE RIO UNLV GRADUATE COLLEGE UNLV PARKING GARAGE AMPHITHEATER TRANSIT STATION TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL 0'
7 RTC RAPID TRANSIT STATION 8 MARYLAND PARKWAY 9 COLLEGE TOWN PLAZA
25'
50'
100'
PLACEMAKING | 164
PLACEMAKING | 165
PLACEMAKING | 166
PLACEMAKING | 167
C3
UNIVERSITY SOUTH WENDY GARCIA & WILLIAM ZHENG
PROGRAM RESIDENTIAL OFFICE EDUCATIONAL RETAIL CEREMONIAL SPACE RESTAURANT TOTAL
PLACEMAKING | 168
PARKING 2BED RESIDENTIAL 4BED RESIDENTIAL OFFICE EDUCATIONAL RETAIL CEREMONIAL SPACE RESTAURANT TOTAL PROVIDED
64,240 FT2 48,180 FT2 26,393 FT2 13,936 FT2 9,639 FT2 6,027 FT2 168,415 FT2
RATIO 1.75:UNIT 2:UNIT 4:1,000 FT2 2:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2 10:1,000 FT2
REQ’D 73 42 192 52 52 36 60 507 520
C3 STANDS FOR COLIVING, COWORKING, AND COLLISION. THE PROGRAMMING OF C3 TIES TOGETHER ELEMENTS OF COLIVING AND COWORKING UNDER THE OVERARCHING THEME OF COLLISION - THE PHENOMENON OF SERENDIPITOUS INTERACTION. C3 IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE OPEN SPACES AND OPEN CIRCULATION THAT INCREASE THE CHANCES FOR THESE COLLISIONS TO OCCUR. C3 IS DESIGNED FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS WHO WANT TO STRENGTHEN THEIR NETWORK AND LIVE A MORE AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORM OF THE BUILDING CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO THREE COMPONENTS: PLINTH, TERRACE, AND TOWER. THE SOUTH FACADE HAS DEEP OVERHANGS THAT EXTEND 7-8’ OUTWARDS, WHICH SHADES THE FACADE FROM THE SUN DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS. THE WEST FACADE IS POPULATED WITH OPERABLE COPPER LOUVERS OF VARYING WIDTHS, CREATING A SCATTERED MOVEMENT ACROSS THE FACADE. THE FORM AND FACADE OF THE BUILDING ARE DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, WHICH OPTIMIZES THE CHANCES FOR COLLISION.
PLACEMAKING | 169
3
6 6 6 4 5 6
6
1
10
2
PLACEMAKING | 170
8
9
SITE / GROUND LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH C3
1 2 3 4 5
CAFE RIO RTC LIGHT RAIL STOP EXISTING PARKING GARAGE FREAKING FROG IN N OUT 0'
6 7 8 9 10 25'
RETAIL DOROTHY AVE MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY PLAZA PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE 50'
100'
6
UP
DN
UP
DN
3
1 10
2
PLACEMAKING | 171
8
9
TYPICAL LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH C3
1 2 3 4 5
CAFE RIO RTC LIGHT RAIL STATION EXISTING PARKING GARAGE FREAKING FROG IN N OUT 0'
6 7 8 9 10 25'
RETAIL DOROTHY AVE MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY PLAZA PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE 50'
100'
PLACEMAKING | 172
PLACEMAKING | 173
PLACEMAKING | 174
PLACEMAKING | 175
BRICOLAGE UNIVERSITY SOUTH SILVIA QUIROZ-PEREZ & YASMIN SOLIMAN
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL - CLASSROOMS - STUDIOS - GALLERIES - OFFICES CULTURAL RETAIL TOTAL
PLACEMAKING | 176
PARKING EDUCATIONAL - CLASSROOMS - STUDIOS - GALLERIES - OFFICES CULTURAL RETAIL TOTAL PROVIDED
12,600 FT2 50,400 FT2 12,600 FT2 12,600 FT2 50,000 FT2 18,900 FT2 144,500 FT2 RATIO
REQ’D
2:1,000 FT 2:1,000 FT2 10:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2 3.3:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2
25 101 126 51 165 76 544 640
2
BRICOLAGE SEEKS BRICOLAGE SEEKS TO TO BE BE A A LINK LINK BETWEEN BETWEEN THE THE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY AND AND THE THE COMMUNITY COMMUNITY AROUND AROUND MARYLAND PARKWAY. LAS VEGAS IS A TRANSIENT CITY AND PRESENTS AN ELEMENT OF DISCONNECTION BETWEEN THE CULTURES IN THE CITY. THEREFORE, THE PROGRAM CHOSEN FOR THIS PROJECT INCLUDES RETAIL AT THE BASE FLOORS, A CULTURAL CENTER, AND GRADUATE ART AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS. THE CULTURAL CENTER IS PRESENTED AS A GEM AND A LINK, ENCASED IN A FRAME CREATED BY THE EDUCATION AND RETAIL COMPONENT. THE RIBBON OF THE CULTURAL CENTER TIES THE UNIVERSITY TO THE COMMUNITY. THE ABUTTING FORMS AND MATERIALS REFLECT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUNCTIONS WITHIN. THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS AT THE TOP TWO FLOORS WERE CHOSEN TO PROVIDE A CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO DISCIPLINES WHICH ARE ACROSS THE CAMPUS.
PLACEMAKING | 177
3
10
6 2
4
1
5 7
PLACEMAKING | 178
8
7 9
SITE / GROUND LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH MARYLAND LINK
1 2 3 4 5
CAFE RIO COFFEE BAR RESTAURANT CEREMONIAL SPACE RTC WAITING AREA
6 7 8 9 10 0'
25'
CULTURAL CENTER RTC RAPID TRANSIT STOP MARYLAND PARKWAY UNIVERSITY PLAZA LOADING DOCK 50'
100'
4 2
2
3
2
2
7 4
3 2
2
1
6
7
5
PLACEMAKING | 179
2
2
TYPICAL LEVEL PLAN UNIVERSITY SOUTH MARYLAND LINK
1 2 3 4 5
STUDENT GALLERY STUDIO LOUNGE RESTROOMS STUDENT MEETING ROOMS 0'
6 7 8 9 10 25'
STORAGE JANITOR LOUNGE RESTROOMS LOADING DOCKS 50'
100'
PLACEMAKING | 180
PLACEMAKING | 181
PLACEMAKING | 182
PLACEMAKING | 183
THE BIKE+WAY INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT RON CANO & NAJIA YASMEEN
PROGRAM YUPPIE RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL OFFICE YOUTH CENTER RETAIL TOTAL
PLACEMAKING | 184
PARKING 51 - YUPPIE RESIDENTIAL 27 - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL OFFICE YOUTH CENTER RETAIL TOTAL PROVIDED
RATIO 1.25:UNIT
40,540 FT2 43,795 FT2 91,050 FT2 19,980 FT2 19,581 FT2 214,946 FT2
REQ’D 64
1.75:UNIT
48
4:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2
92 20 20 244 VEHICLES 540 BICYCLES
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE BIKE+WAY IS TO DEVELOP A BICYCLE-BASED TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ON MARYLAND PARKWAY (B-TOD). BY INCORPORATING COMPLETE STREETS AND CYCLE TRACKS, USERS OF ALL MODES OF TRANSPORTATION ARE SAFER. THE BIKE+WAY’S SPACES ARE ACCESSIBLE, SUSTAINABLE, FLEXIBLE, AND VIBRANT TO SERVE THE DIVERSE COMMUNITY. THE PROJECT COMPRISES OF “YUPPIE” (YOUNG URBAN PROFESSIONAL) STUDIO APARTMENTS AND SINGLE-FAMILY APARTMENTS, A YOUTH CENTER, AND AN OFFICE TOWER. ON THE FIFTH LEVEL, A LARGE PUBLIC GREENWAY ALLOWS ACCESS TO A CYCLE PARK. THE GROUND LEVEL INCLUDES BICYCLES SERVICES, SUCH AS RETAIL, RENTAL, AND REPAIR AS WELL AS PARKING FOR THE BUILDING’S OCCUPANTS. THE BIKE+WAY PROMOTES AN ACTIVE AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE.
PLACEMAKING | 185
UP
5
6
UP UP
UP
2
1
2
UP
4
3
PLACEMAKING | 186
7
SITE / GROUND LEVEL PLAN INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT THE BIKE+WAY
1 2 3 4
COURTYARD LOBBY BIKE RENTAL BIKE REPAIR
5 BIKE RETAIL 6 WAREHOUSE 7 RTC LIGHT RAIL STATION
0'
25'
50'
100'
3 DN UP DN
UP
5 1
4
PLACEMAKING | 187
2
TYPICAL LEVEL PLAN INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT THE BIKE+WAY
1 YOUTH CENTER 2 YUPPIE STUDIO APARTMENTS 3 FAMILY APARTMENTS
0'
4 COURTYARD 5 BIKE PARKING
25'
50'
100'
PLACEMAKING | 188
PLACEMAKING | 189
PLACEMAKING | 190
PLACEMAKING | 191
THE NARROW INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT PEDRO BORQUEZ & MYRIAM LOPEZ
PROGRAM RESIDENTIAL OFFICE EDUCATIONAL RESTAURANT RETAIL PARKING / INTERSTITIAL SPACE TOTAL
PLACEMAKING | 192
PARKING HOUSING OFFICE RETAIL BICYCLE PARKING TOTAL PROVIDED
RATIO 1.75:UNIT 4:1,000 FT2 4:1,000 FT2 N/A
44,680 FT2 40,000 FT2 53,748 FT2 14,480 FT2 10,581 FT2 46,599 FT2 209,507 FT2
REQ’D 138 149 80 300 433 135
THE SITE OF THE NARROW, A COLLABORATIVE MIXED-USE FACILITY, IS LOCATED ON THE CORNER OF KATIE AVENUE AND MARYLAND PARKWAY WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT OF LAS VEGAS. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO ESTABLISH A CONVERGENT POINT FOR THIS DIVERSE, WALKABLE, NEIGHBORHOOD. BY SPLITTING THE SITE INTO TWO MAJOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TOWERS, A CENTRAL PLAZA WAS ESTABLISHED, AND WITH THE BUILDINGS HEIGHT, WOULD CREATE A SELF SHADING CONDITION BENEFICIAL FOR THE DESERT CLIMATE. THE BUILDINGS PROGRAM CONSISTS OF COMMERCIAL ON GROUND PLANE TO CREATE COMMUNITY “THIRD SPACE”, OFFICE SPACE IN THE PUBLIC TOWER, RESIDENTIAL SPACE IN THE PRIVATE TOWER, AND LINKED TOGETHER THROUGH EDUCATION FACILITIES AND RESTAURANT IN THE SKY OVERLOOKING THE ICONIC VEGAS STRIP. THE FAÇADE OF THE BUILDING CONSISTS OF A CLIMATE BASED PERFORATED METAL SKIN THAT IS MEANT TO READ AS A PIECE OF PAPER CRAWLING DOWN THE BUILDING CAPTURING THE COLOR OF THE MOJAVE DESERT.
PLACEMAKING | 193
9
6
10
3
8
5 2
4
7
PLACEMAKING | 194
1
SITE / GROUND LEVEL PLAN KATIE SITE THE NARROW
1 2 3 4 5
RTC STOP MAIN EXT. ENTRY PLAZA PARKWAY COFFEE OFFICE MAIN ENTRY
6 7 8 9 10 0'
25'
RESIDENTIAL ENTRY BIKE SHOP SUPPORT MARKET MULTI USE COMMUNITY ROOM 50'
100'
4
5
6
3
1
PLACEMAKING | 195
2
TYPICAL LEVEL PLAN KATIE SITE THE NARROW
1 START UP OFFICES 2 MAIN OFFICES 3 EDUCATION FACILITIES
4 DAYCARE 5 EXTERIOR TERRACE 6 RESIDENTIAL FLOOR
0'
25'
50'
100'
PLACEMAKING | 196
PLACEMAKING | 197
PLACEMAKING | 198
PLACEMAKING | 199
6
EPILOGUE LIKE MANY OTHER CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, LAS VEGAS IS EXPERIENCING RAPID URBANIZATION THAT DEMANDS NEW FORMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. ONE OF THE BIGGEST STEPS TOWARD A STRONGER PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IS THE PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL BY THE RTC. THIS NEW LIGHT RAIL WILL OPEN UP MANY NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY. THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF THE SEMESTER, THE STUDIO FOCUSED ON DESIGNING T.O.D.’S ON TWO VITAL SITES ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY: UNIVERSITY SOUTH AND THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT. THE T.O.D.’S PRESENTED IN THIS BOOK WERE DESIGNED THROUGH INTENSIVE RESEARCH OF THE URBAN CONTEXT, PRECEDENT STUDIES, AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES. THE STUDIO WORKED TOGETHER AT DIFFERENT SCALES ALL THROUGHOUT THE RESEARCH AND DESIGN PROCESS, FROM WHOLE CLASS COLLABORATION TO PARTNERED DESIGN WORK. AS DESIGNERS, WE ARE NOT ONLY PROBLEM SOLVERS BUT ALSO OPPORTUNITY SEEKERS. THE PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL ALONG MARYLAND PARKWAY WILL AFFECT OUR LIVES AS STUDENTS, ALUMNI, AND DENIZENS, AND WE SAW THIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO SHAPE A BRIGHTER FUTURE FOR US, THE CITY, AND FUTURE RESIDENTS OF LAS VEGAS.
CITATIONS “11 OF THE NATION’S BEST ‘COMPLETE STREETS’ POLICIES OF 2014.” BUILDING DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION, 11 FEB. 2015, WWW.BDCNETWORK.COM/11-NATION%E2%80%99S-BEST-%E2%80%98COMPLETE-STREETS%E2%80%99-POLI CIES-2014. 2030: “VERTICAL SUN SHADING SYSTEMS???” ARCHINECT, ARCHINECT.COM/FORUM/THREAD/76147/VERTICAL-SUN-SHAD ING-SYSTEMS. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. DENVER CO WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@39.7420049,-105.00775,20973M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. LAS VEGAS, NV WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@36.1287055,-115.1090451,22079M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. PHOENIX AZ WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@33.57102,-112.2558913,26367M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. PORTLAND, OR WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@45.5536185,-122.7510675,15917M/DATA=!3M1!1E3 AERIAL MAP IMAGE. SALT LAKE CITY, UT WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@40.739138,-111.9799861,24741M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. SAN DIEGO, CA WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@32.7091515,-117.1667949,18519M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. AERIAL MAP IMAGE. SAN FRANCISCO, CA WWW.GOOGLE.COM/MAPS/@37.7749826,-122.4825752,12906M/DATA=!3M1!1E3. “ANIMAL CAMPUS DOG ADOPTION PARK.” TSK ARCHITECTS, WWW.TSKA.COM/ANIMAL-CAMPUS-DOG-ADOPTION-PARK. BROWN, G. Z., AND MARK DEKAY. SUN, WIND & LIGHT: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES, SECOND EDITION. JOHN WI LEY & SONS, 1991. “BUILDING.” 2030 PALETTE, 2030PALETTE.ORG/BUILDING/.
EPILOGUE | 202
ARCHITECTS, RICHARD MURPHY. “BRITISH HIGH COMMISSION, COLOMBO, SRI LANKA.” RICHARD MURPHY ARCHITECTS: BRITISH HIGH COMMISSION, COLOMBO, SRI LANKA, WWW.RICHARDMURPHYARCHITECTS.COM/VIEWITEM. PHP?ID = 2388. BURTON, BJÖRN. “LAS VEGAS WETLANDS.” FLICKR, YAHOO!, 2 AUG. 2012, WWW.FLICKR.COM/PHOTOS/BJORNBURTONPHO TOGRAPHY/7696527362. CITY OF PORTLAND BUREAU OF PLANNING. “PORTLAND PLAN, CONDITIONS, TRENDS & ISSUES”. WWW.PORTLANDORE GON.GOV/BPS/ARTICLE/502352.
CITATIONS CLARK COUNTY AIRPORT ENVIRONS REPORT. CLARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING, 2007. “COMMUNITY PROFILE: INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.” SARIS, WWW.SARISPARKING.COM/POST/BLOG-COMMUNITY-PROFILE-IN DIANAPOLIS-INDIANA. “DESERT NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE (CORN CREEK VISITORS CENTER).” SH ARCHITECTURE, 28 JUNE 2016, SH-ARCHI TECTURE.COM/PORTFOLIO/DESERT-NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE-CORN-CREEK-VISITORS-CENTER. “ENERGY ENGINEERING CONSULTING.” TRIDENT ENERGY SERVICES, INC., WWW.TRIDENTENERGY.COM/ENERGY-ENGI NEERING-CONSULTING/. HOT TO COLD: AN ODYSSEY OF ARCHITECTURAL ADAPTATION. TASCHEN, 2015. KAREN CILENTO. “AL BAHAR TOWERS RESPONSIVE FACADE / AEDAS” 05 SEP 2012. ARCHDAILY. ACCESSED 16 NOV 2017. <HTTPS://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/270592/AL-BAHAR-TOWERS-RESPONSIVE-FACADE-AEDAS/> ISSN 0719-8884. MARYLAND PARKWAY ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS. REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION OF SOUTHERN NEVADA, 2014. “MARYLAND PARKWAY, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.” MAP. OPENWEB. CLARK COUNTY GIS MANAGEMENT OFFICE, 16 NOV. 2017. WEB. 16 NOV. 2017. MAX LIGHT RAIL. “PORTLAND’S EFFICIENT LIGHT-RAIL SYSTEM CONNECTS THE METRO AREA AND DOWNTOWN CORE” UP DATED OCT. 25, 2017. HOME. WWW.TRAVELPORTLAND.COM/ARTICLE/MAX-LIGHT-RAIL/. “MAX LIGHT RAIL”. WIKIPEDIA. EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/MAX_LIGHT_RAIL MEIER, RICHARD, ET AL. RICHARD MEIER, ARCHITECT: 1985/1991. RIZZOLI, 1991.
OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE, BRAD SCHMIDT | THE. “RIVER DISTRICT -- A 20-YEAR LOOK AT HOW THE PEARL TRANSFORMED.” OREGONLIVE.COM, 6 NOV. 2014, WWW.OREGONLIVE.COM/PORTLAND/INDEX. SSF/2014/11/RIVER_DISTRICT_--_A_ LOOK_AT_HO.HTML. O’SHEA, AIDAN. “HOW PHOENIX, AZ IS USING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT TO REINVENT DOWNTOWN”. AUGUST 13, 2013. SMARTGROWTHAMERICA.ORG/HOW-PHOENIX-AZ-IS-USING-TRANSIT-ORIENTED-DEVELOPMENT-TO-REIN VENT-DOWNTOWN/.
EPILOGUE | 203
OJEDA, OSCAR RIERA, ET AL. THE MODERN IMPULSE. ORO EDITIONS, 2008.
CITATIONS “REGIONAL TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY”. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE AND REGIONAL GROWTH PROJ ECTS. SANDAG. WWW.SANDAG.ORG/INDEX.ASP?CLASSID=12&PROJECTID=500& FUSEACTION=PROJECTS.DETAIL. REID, GRANT W. LANDSCAPE GRAPHICS. WHITNEY LIBRARY OF DESIGN, AN IMPRINT OF WATSON-GUPTILLPUBLICATIONS, 1987. RTC: REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION OF SOUTHERN NEVADA. REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION OF SOUTHERN NEVADA, HTTPS://WWW.RTCSNV.COM/. ACCESSED 16 NOV. 2017. “MARYLAND PARKWAY, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.” MAP. GOOGLE MAPS. GOOGLE, 16 NOV. 2017. WEB. 16 NOV. 2017. “SAN DIEGO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT SYSTEM”. MTS. WWW.SDMTS.COM/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/ATTACHMENTS/ADOPTED FY2014BUDGET.PDF. “SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR LIGHT RAIL PROJECT”. COMMUNITY PLANNING. HTTP://WWW.TIGARD-OR.GOV/CITY_HALL/SOUTH WEST_CORRIDOR_PLAN.PHP. “STUDIO ONE ELEVEN AWARDS.” AWARDS, STUDIO-111.COM/BLOG/DETAIL/STUDIO-ONE-ELEVEN-AWARDS/. “TUPELO ALLEY -.” SERA ARCHITECTS, SERADESIGN.COM/PROJECTS/TUPELO-ALLEY/. “TRANSIT ORIENTED DENVER”. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIC PLAN T 2014. WWW.DENVERGOV.ORG/CON TENT/DAM/DENVERGOV/PORTALS/193/DOCUMENTS/TOD_PLAN/TOD_STRATEGIC_PLAN_FINAL.PDF. “TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD STUDY” DRACHMAN INSTITUTE. CALA.ARIZONA.EDU/SITES/DEFAULT/ FILES/FILE_UPLOADS/ADOH_CENTRAL%20%26%20MCDOWELL.PDF.
EPILOGUE | 204
“TRANSIT-ORIENTED FOR ALL:THE CASE FOR MIXED-INCOME TRANSIT-ORIENTED COMMUNITIES IN THE BAY AREA”. THE GREAT COMMUNITIES COLLABORATIVE. COMMUNITYINNOVATION.BERKELEY. EDU/PUBLICATIONS/GCCFRAMING PAPER_FINAL.PDF. “TRAX/LIGHT RAIL SERVICE AND BUS”. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. WWW.SLCAIRPORT.COM/PARKING-AND-TRANSPORTA TION/PUBLIC-TRANSPORTATION/. UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, HTTPS://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/EN.HTML. ACCESSED 16 NOV. 2017. US-IALE 2001 - ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, LEML.ASU.EDU/IALE2001/TEMPE.HTML.
CITATIONS “UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY YEAR IN REVIEW 2014”. WWW.RIDEUTA.COM/UPLOADS/UTAYEARINREVIEW2014. PDF. WALKER, CHRIS. “KEEPING IT COOL.” HOME, WWW.PROFESSIONALROOFING.NET/ARTICLES/KEEPING-ITCOOL--06-01-2010/1712. WHITE, EDWARD T. SITE ANALYSIS: DIAGRAMMING INFORMATION FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN. ARCHITECTURAL MEDIA, 1983. W. SCOTT, ROBERT. “PORTLAND’S STREETCAR REVIVAL”. HOME. CS.TRAINS.COM/TRN/B/OBSERVATION-TOWER/AR CHIVE/2017/09/26/PORTLAND-39-S-STREETCAR-REVIVAL.ASPX. WWW.CLARKCOUNTYNV.GOV-+/PARKS/PAGES/WETLANDSPARK/WP-NATURE-CENTER.ASPX.
EPILOGUE | 205
WWW.RIDEUTA.COM/SERVICES/TRAX.
EPILOGUE | 206
EPILOGUE | 207
THANK YOU,