Selected Works by Nathaniel.Krueger

NATHANIEL KRUEGER SELECTED WORKS

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Women’s bureau Granting of restraining order of injunction as dependent on Wage and hour division Judicial review Pickets, banners, strikes Strikes, lockouts, work interference Saving provisions Right of employees as to organization, collective bargaining Right to strike preserved Employees with religious convictions; payment of dues and fees Co-equal obligations of employees, their representatives, and management to minimize la Unlawful activities or conduct; right to sue; jurisdiction; limitations; damages Application of wage rates Establishing minimum wage for federal contractors and subcontractors Wages and payday Countercyclical employment policies Federal emergency administration of public works Report of employers Reports made public information Youth employment policies Job training, counseling and reservoirs of employment projects Minimum wage Maximum hours Apprentice training Training and employees Civil enforcement Child labor provisions Fringe benefits Immigration and nationality act Prevailing rate Application to tipped workers Zone of interest Rate of wages for laborers and mechanics Authority of comptroller general to pay wages and list contractors violating contracts Contract for materials, etc., exceeding $10,000; representations and stipulations Nondiscrimination Terms of office; election procedures Work better Enforcement Impact Duties Paycheck transparency Accept responsibility Prohibition against certain persons holding office Amendment to section 302, labor management relations act, 1947 Extortionate picketing Retention of right under other federal and state laws Economic strikers Boycotts and recognition picketing Priority in case handling General provisions Considerations for agreement Policy Policy Procedure for enforcement Settlement of disputes Bill of Right Issuance of restraining orders and injunctions; limitation; public policy Declaration of policy Equal protection Recognizes union Executive order Economic report of the president and short-term economic goals and policies Operations instructions Complaint dismissed Medium-term economic goals and policies Published Obligation promises Provision applicable to short-term and medium-term goals National priority policies and programs required for full employment and balanced Re-commitment Responsibility of officers and member of association or their organization for unlawful act Bureau of labor statistics Issuance of injunction in labor disputes; hearing; findings of court; notice to affected perso Monetary policy Noncompliance with obligation involved in labor disputes or failure to settle by negotiation Overcoming inflation Management clause Council of economic advisers General provisions Review by court of appeals of issuance or denial of temporary injunctions; record Advisory board or board Repealed Repealed Separability Repeal of conflicting acts Safety The occupational safety and health review commission Representation in civil litigation Separability Confidentiality of trade secrets National labor relations board National labor relations board; eligibility for reappointment; officers and employees; paym National labor relations board; principal office, conducting inquiries throughout country; p Rules and regulations Unfair labor practices A Providing facilities for operations of federal credit Union representation Variations, tolerances, and exemptions Prevention of unfair labor practices Investigatory powers of board Offenses and penalties Construction of provisions Conflict of laws Separability Validation of certificates and other board actions Penalties Declaration of purpose and policy Federal mediation and conciliation service Functions of service National emergencies; appointment of board inquiry by president; report; contents; filing National labor-management panel; creation and composition; appointment, tenure, and c Assistance to plant, area, and industry-wide labor-management committees Board of inquiry Injunctions during national emergency Injunctions during national emergency; adjustment efforts by parties during injunction Payroll records State jurisdiction and state plans Discharge of injunction upon certification of results of election of settlement; report to con Compilation of collective bargaining agreements, etc,; use of data Suits by and against labor organizations Restrictions on financial transactions Repealed Federal agency safety programs and responsibilities Omitted Omitted Administrative agencies Compliance with labor Congressional findings and purpose Declaration of findings, purposes, and policy Designation of parties General findings Publication of list Research and related activities Exclude aliens Federal emergency administration of public works Report of labor Board of directors of federal reserve banks Congressional finding and declaration of policy Kliendienst v. mandel Report of officers and employees of labor organizations Coordination with state and local government and private sector economic activity Administrations Attorney-client communications exempted Regional and structural employment policies Senate confirmation of chairman and vice chairman of board of governors Conflict of interest Repealed References to federal reserve act paragraphs Retention of records Capital formation Effective date Federal emergency administration of public works Repealed Rules and regulations Criminal provisions Court review of wage order in puerto rico and the virgin islands Collection of data Exemptions Employment under special certificates Penalties Repealed Liability for overtime work performed Injunction proceedings Relation to other laws Separability National institute for occupational safety and health Grants to the states Statistics Audits Fair contracting foundations labor-management cooperative committee Annual report Saving clause Economic assistance to small businesses Entire understanding

PART PART BODY BODY ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY

MECHANICS++ MECHANICS MOVEMENT MOVEMENT

01 SITE + MATERIAL HANDLING DATAPROCESSING PROCESSING DATA ORGANIZATION ++ORGANIZATION HUMAN HUMAN SPECIFICATIONS ++ SPECIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONS PRECAUTIONS

04 05

04-11 DUELING COLLECTIONS: TECHNICAL AFTERTHOUGHTS 12-17 TIME IN THIRDS: HEJDUK ARCHIVE 18-23 HUMANS V ROBOTS: LIMITS OF MOTION 24-29 TABERNACLE REMAINS: MARS SANCTUARY 30-33 BRIDGING BORDERS: NO MAN’S LAND 34-37 Folding Petals: Metal Kirigami 38-47 MAPPING MOMENTS: EXPERIENCING DRIFT

Nathaniel Krueger

DUELING COLLECTIONS: TECHNICAL AFTERTHOUGHTS ARCH 555: S 2021 F. Garcia Lammers, J. Garcia Fritz, B. Lee, R. Arlt., and N. Mansour

The studios emphasis on building details and technical afterthoughts drove the studio to its specifity. By analyzing and redrawing past project details, decisions at the detail scale began to drive the project. The building was designed as a gymnasium in Sioux Falls, South Dakota for the frist protion of the semester. In the second half of the project the gymnasium was treated as an existing project and became about adaptive reuse. The refocusing of program was still determined by the technical afterthoughts of the gymnasium and the design positions became flexible to both purposes. The exteriormetal framed structure encompasses the entire width of the site, and begins to defin the public space. The roof structure suspends the rest of the building materials and creates hung space. By hanging the structure, the main floor is not detered by a grid. It becomes more like the park across the street so it becomes more about exploration and creativity. The artwork that exists within the library relates to the established sculpture walk of the city. The library halves conflict with each other. By crossing the the divide of the vertical circulation, you either enter the more public gathering space or the secluded researching modules.

Interior Colonnade Render

Nathaniel Krueger

Exterior Structure Render

Dueling Collections: Technical Afterthoughts North Research

Vertical Divide

South Gallery

S. Phillips Avenue

E. 14 Street

56-60. Sculpture Walk

04 Trans. Section

03 Trans. Section

01 Long. Section 01

01 Long. Section 02

01 Long. Section 03

Site Plan and Main Level

1'-3"

2'-0"

08 3'-0"

7'-3”

3'-0"

2'-6"

3'-0"

2'-0"

3'-0"

4'-6"

3'-0"

9'-0"

3'-0"

5'-7"

Nathaniel Krueger

Detail Section: Colonnade and Gallery

Dueling Collections: Technical Afterthoughts

Front Elevation Render

Nathaniel Krueger

Longitudinal Sections: Academic Library, Dividing Circulation, and Community Gallery

Dueling Collections: Technical Afterthoughts

6'-6"

Detail Section: Academic Library and Secondary Entrance

Nathaniel Krueger

TIME IN THIRDS: HEJDUK ARCHIVE ARCH 452: S 2019 Robert Arlt All work done in collaboration with Joseph Kenny Recipient of the SD. State University Department of Architecture Excellence Award for Outstanding Studio Project.

By researching the present historical layers of Berlin, the Judengang and the Jewish Cemetery behind the site, John Hejduk’s work, and Maison Bordeax, an infill building was designed to archive and display a specific project, the Wall House series, of Hejduk. By taking the main plan parti of Maison Bordeaux and recreating it sectionally, the main form of the building is created. The building parameters must touch the ground lightly, include pedestals to display Hejduk models, have one continuous stair, a volumetric light-well, keep the gates functionality, and have the same structural anomalies found in the precedent. Using the three parts of the building and the three parts of time, (past, present, and future), an overlay and juxtaposition is formed. The structural weight and memorial to the Jewish Cemetery is placed in the present, closest to the park, bringing attention to the past. The building itself acts as the present or gateway to the past or future. The future spaces being the gallery because constant changing of exhibits.

Model Image: Iterative Model in Site Context

Nathaniel Krueger

Judengang Section: Connection of Past to Present

Time in Thirds: Hejduk Archive

Exploded Axonometric Drawing

Nathaniel Krueger

Model Image: Back Elevation

Time in Thirds: Hejduk Archive

Level and Site Plans

Nathaniel Krueger

HUMANS V ROBOTS: LIMITS OF MOTION ARCH 554: F 2020 Federico Garcia Lammers and Jessica Garcia Fritz All work done in collaboration with Joseph Kenny Works published in “Labor Movements: From the Specification of the Panama Canal to Robotic Patents.” BTES Conference Publication, Auburn University, Summer 2021 and included in the Building Arts and Labor Symposium hosted by DoArch and South Dakota Humanities Council. Studio Website: https://languagelimitsmotion.cargo.site/

Without making design proposals, the studio focuses on the link of under examined regulatory documents such as specifications, laws, codes, or patents and their relationship to material and construction movements in relation to building technologies. The project visualizes these documents to tell the stories and expand the knowledge of architectural labor. The growth of industrial robots within the construction field questions what the on site movements and relationships between laborers and works should be. The movements of a body on a site are dictated by the US Labor Laws and the US KUKA Patents. These document however work at different scale than the worksite. US Labor Laws dictate movements in larger assemblies, while the KUKA Patents focus on the smaller movement and components of the robot.

Diagram of Information Gather and Analyzed

Nathaniel Krueger

With the influx of industrial robots used within the construction field there is currently limited means to regulate motion on the worksite between humans, machines, and robots. Through the lens of bricklaying, motion can be broken down into three scales: part, body, and assembly. A part consists of a component of a whole and moves in concert with other parts. The body is the composition of all the parts that make up the whole or individual, and assembly is the congregation of multiple separate bodies that organize around a specific cause or action. From these scales, we are able to filter through the United States Labor Acts (1931 - 2020) and the U.S. Kuka Patents (1985 - 2016) despite their differences of scales in regulating movement to find language that dictates motion on the worksite. Humans and robots are now capable to exist within the same construction system. Robots are defined as a tool that can be reprogrammable to perform multiple tasks on a repetitive basis without human intervention. Humans labor for their occupation and engage in a constant process of exerting their body and mind to complete work. Robots work because they perform a task requiring sustained effort or repeated actions defined by a resulting product. Humans labor, whereas robots work. The methods in which work, and motion are regulated for human and robots are different in relation to scale and how the bodies are described to perform movement of work. Through the analysis of Labor Acts and Patents, an understanding of how motion and the development of motion in labor is regulated in the United states. Labor Acts are a set of documents that mediate the relationship between laborers, unions, and the government that protects the rights of those laborers and sets common standards of humane working conditions. Patents are documents that protect an invention or product through the use of trademarks and brand names. Patents specify the process of creating and operating said inventions within the United States. The motion of humans and robots can be broken down into components to become more predictable and efficient in relation to time. Frank (1868 – 1924) and Lillian (1878 – 1972) Gilbreth were efficiency engineers that conducted motion studies and their relation to time to create a more productive and efficient work site. By taking their past studies and overlaying them on modern bricklaying of both the human and robot construction and analysis of micromotions were able to be compared using the Gilbreth’s therblig elemental motions. The therbligs broke down motions into 18 separate acts that could be described through a multitude of motions. The movement of the humans had more fluid motions with simultaneous actions that were more adaptable but required rest to overcome fatigue. Robots worked in a more linear progression and relied on knowing exact placement of site elements. The language in the documents are filtered through the requirements and scale of the body to directs its motion on site. Both document sets were organized in a similar way as there was many subcategories (sections and classes) to create more specific details and regulations within a similar main idea or category. This allowed the sets of documents to be able to filter through altered categories specific to this study. Both documents were filtered through robot classifications that dealt with the body of the worker, their movement, and how they were able to organize information to move and work on site, and through the three scales of part, body, and assembly to understand how the movements were being controlled. Human motion is regulated through the scale of assembly, for its impossibility to control human movement. Whereas patents became more specific over time, regulating the body at first to exact parts to dictate how the robot moves. The language created by the assembly of people dictate the actions, limitations, and purpose of motion in both humans and robots. The regulating documents through the analysis had another set of underlying ideas that differed based on human or robot. The humans dealt with work opportunities, time and wages, and how laborers could legally strike, whereas the robots dealt with specific movements and manipulations of the robot. Labor Acts dealt with how the body moves on site by creating regulation that apply to the large assembly of people, and robots are regulated through the movements and specifications of the part. The relationship of motion between humans and robots can be seen through the two main sets of regulatory documents, the Gilbreth motion studies, robot classification, and apparent groups to the specific body in relations to the three scales of part, body, and assembly.

Limits of Motion Project Statement

Humans V Robots: Limits of Motion

Therblig Motion Analysis of Human Bricklayer

Nathaniel Krueger

Document Visualization of US Labor Acts. US KUKA Patent Visualization Not Pictured.

Humans V Robots: Limits of Motion

Text Groupings of Visualization: Work Opportunities, Hours and Age Limitations, Unfair Labor Conditions, Wage Compensation, Labor Strikes and Conditions, and Human/Robot Relationship.

Nathaniel Krueger

TABERNACLE REMAINS: MARS SANCTUARY ARCH 452: S 2020 Ben Pennel All work done in collaboration with Joseph Kenny

The church evokes a variety of emotions to its users. It provides a place to worship and praise to a higher power, a place to reflect on the journey of your life, and a place to mourn those who have passed on. The collages of God being dismembered and the emotional and physical tears of Jesus on the cross are brought into a tryptic to sit within a chapel juxtaposed with the setting of Mars. Settlers of Mars brought Christianity to the planet, but had limited construction resources, so they began to build with the bones of a previous life form. Bones eventually became more figurative in the construction process as better materials were found and created, but the foundation of what the Church was built on still remains the same. The church functions similarly to a tabernacle, the predecessor for a church. The crypt of the church, the bell tower, and the sanctuary are all important building components that daily life of the faithful evolve around.

Mars Sanctuary and Site Rendering

Nathaniel Krueger

Generative Design Tryptic: Crucifixion’s Dismemberment

Tabernacle Remains: Mars Sanctuary

Elevations

Nathaniel Krueger

Site and Crypt Plan

Tabernacle Remains: Mars Sanctuary

Generative Model Image

Nathaniel Krueger

BRIDGING BORDERS: NO MAN’S LAND Student Competition Entry Brian Rex All work done in collaboration with Joseph Kenny and Tyson Vogt.

The immediate needs of an asylum seeker are rest, well-being, and safety. The room pods allow for a place to sleep and store belongings. The community space allows everyday needs, communal spaces, and places for spiritual and physical well-being. The respite center is also above the bridge with secure access between the two to provide safety from outside sources. The design is split into three separate spatial hubs. The atrium hubs serve as the community centers of the building. They function as spaces for religion, community, and health where people can congregate and create a feel of township. Between the hubs, are room blocks that allow for more privacy. Community spaces exist within these room block for smaller gatherings. Furthermore, moving into the room pods, the space allows for a private or public space shared by three bunk rooms that can be shared by families or individuals. The façade of the building is reminiscent of a chain link fence. It allows the feeling of protection without being solid and enclosed in a space. The level planes are as open as can be to provide more horizontal space because most people are not used to living above and below one another.

Exterior Bridge Render

Nathaniel Krueger

Interior Community Hub Render

Bridging Borders: No Mans’ Land

Axonometric Drawing: Hub, Bridge, and Room Pods

Nathaniel Krueger

Folding Petals: Metal Kirigami ARCH 451: F 2019 Brian Lee Exhibited in the Student Design Invitational at the Washington Pavilion Art Museum, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. May and June 2020

Kirigami is a variation of origami that includes the cutting, folding, and forming of paper constructs without the use of glue. This project explored the manipulation of regulated (12 in x 12 in) flat sheets of steel. The project explored how and when to strategically weaken the metal to create forms similar to its paper counterpart. In doing so the articulation of joints and connections became the primary focus. These joints exist within the system of the module and coexist with each other to create a larger body. The process of making promotes little to no waste. The plasma cut creates enough width to bend that the cuts consist of only lines. 32 panels would fit on a 4’ x 8’ sheet if scaled slightly. The folding system explores three different joints. The first being independent to each module and creates the base structure. The next joints slides and locks two modules together. The last joint locks the free floating petals to prevent the points protruding farther out.

Detail and Shadow Image

Nathaniel Krueger

Cut Drawing: Flat File

Folding Petals: Metal Kirigami

Model Image: 04x04

Nathaniel Krueger

MAPPING MOMENTS: EXPERIENCING DRIFT ARCH 653: F 2021 Mary Begley and Drew Smith Project recognized for the AIA South Dakota Enrichment Scholarship Award and published in Blueprint South Dakota January 2022.

Through the site of Central Park, New York, an exploration and critique of mapping was inititiated. Through James Corner’s “Agency of Mapping,” the project was constructed. The four new map types were done in conjunction with each other. Mapping is not a documentation asset, but rather an exploratory tool to learn about locations or sets of information. The bias of this projects map lay in the human experience. The question explored in these maps are if moments, or unique ephemeral instances can be designed. How would you design one of these situations, so that the collective people can experience a shared moment. Drift maps explore the sequence of the park, and challenge the focus mapping to become more person oriented. Layer maps isolate and collapse information to begin to read information differently. Rhizome maps begin to collect seemingly unrelated infromation together to see densities and direction, much like how the moments and situations of the park cluster around each other. The last map type challenges whos making the map and the collaboration to design for all in mind. The game board is aconglomerate of the previous maps, as the aspects of game play, isolation, experiences, and interactions of the player communicate Central Park without ever being there.

Collapsed Layer Map Image

Nathaniel Krueger

Drift Maps: Spliced Paths of Rhythm, Sites, and Duration

Mapping Moments: Experiencing Drift

Layer Maps: Park Experiences, Movement of People, Landscapes, and Grids of New York

The Lake: Bethesda Terrace

und Bridge

s Circle

The Mall: Naumburg Plaza

Rink

Rock

my Plaza

15 Warner Leroy Place

The Lake: Ladies’ Cottages Path: Sheep Meadow The Lake: Bethesda Terrace

und Bridge

s Circle

The Rambles The Lake: Strawbery Fields

The Mall: 16 Naumburg Plaza

14 12

Rink

Rock

my Plaza

15 Warner Leroy Place

13 11

ark Zoo

und Bridge

s Circle

The Rambles The Lake: Strawbery Fields

The Mall: Naumburg Plaza

Rink

Rock

my Plaza

The Lake: Ladies’ Cottages Path: Sheep Meadow The Lake: Bethesda Terrace

15 Warner Leroy Place 13

ark Zoo

und Bridge

s Circle

The Rambles The Lake: Strawbery Fields

The Mall: Naumburg Plaza

Rink

Rock

my Plaza

Warner Leroy Place

ark Zoo

und Bridge

s Circle

Rink

Rock

my Plaza

Tschumi 02

The Rambles The Lake: Strawbery Fields

East Meadow 03 NYPD Central Park Precinct 03

North Woods: 5th Avenue North Woods: Loch Waterfall

North Meadow Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03 The Rambles: Cherry Hill 03

Great Hill The Ravine

East Meadow 03 NYPD Central Park Precinct 03

North Woods: 5th Avenue North Woods: Loch Waterfall

North Meadow Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03 The Rambles: Cherry Hill 03

Great Hill

03 NYPD Central Park Precinct 03

The Ravine

East Meadow 03 NYPD Central Park Precinct 03

North Woods: 5th Avenue North Woods: Loch Waterfall

North Meadow Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03 The Rambles: Cherry Hill 03

Great Hill The Ravine

27 East Meadow

North Woods: 5th Avenue North Woods: Loch Waterfall

North Meadow Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03 The Rambles: Cherry Hill 03

20 03

The Mall: Naumburg Plaza

21 03

The Lake: Ladies’ Cottages Path: Sheep Meadow The Lake: Bethesda Terrace

20 03

The Ravine

12 01

Great Hill

20 03

21 03

The Lake: Ladies’ Cottages Path: Sheep Meadow The Lake: Bethesda Terrace

ark Zoo

12 10

11 Krueger Nathaniel The Rambles The Lake: Strawbery Fields

ark Zoo

Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03

Great Hill The Ravine

East Meadow 03 NYPD Central Park Precinct 03

The Lake: Ladies’ Cottages Moment Maps: 03 Path: Sheep Meadow 03 The Lake: Bethesda Terrace 03 Warner Leroy Place

North Woods:

Loch Image, Physical Context and Location, andWaterfall Experience 01 02 03 01

North Meadow Jacqueline Kennedy 03 Onassis Reservoir 03 The Rambles: Cherry Hill

Mapping Moments: Experiencing Drift

Player Situation Box: Self Created Experience that Dictates Gameplay

Nathaniel Krueger

Mapping Moments: Experiencing Drift

Game Board: Creating Situation, Moving Marker through Gridded Park, and Collecting Unique Moments

Nathaniel Krueger

Game Board: Players Moving through Park to Experience Created Situations

Mapping Moments: Experiencing Drift

Game Board Maps: Created Paths of Different Players