Unit 15

Objectives of the unit: Outcomes:

• Grammar: The first conditional • Reading: Reading a science magazine article • Listening: Listening to a science lesson • Speaking: Talking about quantities • Writing: Writing about quantities and opinions

Lessons 1 & 2: To talk about global warming T o read about the global warming and answer questions To use the first conditional Lessons 3 & 4: To talk about the environment To listen to a science lesson and answer questions To talk about quantities To carry out an internet search about the next ENO international tree planting day To read about desertification To talk about saving water and reducing pollution

• • • • • • • • •

Lessons 1and2

SB pages 29-30 WB page 21

Vocabulary Key Vocabulary atmosphere

‫المفردات الرئيسية‬ ‫الغالف الجوي‬

gas / gases

‫ غازات‬/ ‫غاز‬

carbon dioxide

‫ثاني أكسيد الكربون‬

melt (ed) floods

‫يلوث‬

fuel

pollution

‫تلوث‬

increase (d)

temperature global warming

‫ مصانع‬/ ‫مصنع‬ ‫درجة الحرارة‬

diagram

‫ رسم توتضيحي‬/ ‫شكل‬

contain

‫يحتوي على‬

oxygen

‫أكسجين‬

‫كوكب األرض‬

‫يسبب‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫مدرس علوم‬

desert

‫ يزرع‬/ ‫نبات‬

happen (ed)

‫يحدث‬

probably

‫من المحتمل‬

study hard (studied)

‫يذاكر بجد‬

pass (ed)

around

‫حول‬

Tower Bridge

‫إضافي‬

‫محاصيل‬

plant (ed)

windy

‫بالرغم من‬

‫صحراء‬

crops

‫هواء‬

extra

‫البيئة‬

earth

air

although

‫ يزداد‬/ ‫يزيد‬

‫المفردات اإلضافية‬ ‫مشكلة‬

science teacher

‫وقود‬

‫اإلحتباس الحرارى‬

problem

produce (d)

‫يتنفس‬

environment

Additional Vocabulary

cause (d)

‫فيضانات‬

breathe (d)

pollute (d)

factory / factories

‫ ينصهر‬/ ‫يذوب‬

‫ينجح في‬ ‫عاصف‬ )‫جسر البرج (بلندن‬

the Ancient Egyptians ‫القدماء المصريين‬

family party

‫حفلة عائلية‬

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get hotter arctic

ً‫تصبح أكثر حرا‬ ‫المنطقة القطبية الشمالية‬

antarctica

‫القارة القطبية الجنوبية‬

get higher

‫يصبح أعلي‬

dry places

‫أماكن جافة‬

petrol

‫بنزين‬

because of

‫بسبب‬

the Eiffel Tower

‫برج إيفل‬

without

‫بدون‬

‫تصريف األفعال غير المنتظمة‬ Conjugations of irregular verbs Present Past simple Past participle

burn come from grow cut catch read

‫ يحترق‬/ ‫يحرق‬ ‫يأتي من‬ ‫ ينمو‬/ ‫يزرع‬ ‫يقطع‬ ‫يلحق بـ‬ ‫يقرأ‬

burned / burnt

burned / burnt

came from

come from

grew

grown

cut

cut

caught

caught

read

read ‫الكلمات وعكسها‬

Words and Opposites hot natural more wet / wetter

‫حار‬ ‫طبيعي‬ ‫أكثر‬ ً ‫ أكثر بل‬/ ‫مبلل‬ ‫ال‬

cold

‫بارد‬

unnatural

‫غير طبيعي‬

less dry / drier

‫أقل‬ ً‫ اكثر جفافا‬/ ‫جاف‬ ‫حروف الجر‬

Prepositions breathe in

‫ يتنفس‬/ ‫يستنشق‬

good for

‫مفيد لـ‬

explain (ed) to

‫يشرح لـ‬

on the earth difficult for 190

‫على كوكب االرض‬ ‫صعب لـ‬

cut down

‫يقطع‬

do about the problem ‫يفعل تجاه المشكلة‬

crops for food need (ed) to + inf. move to

‫محاصيل للطعام‬ ‫يحتاج أن‬ ‫ينتقل إلى‬

Our earth

UNIT

‫تعبيرات لغوية‬

Language expressions get hotter / higher

‫ أعلي‬/ ‫يصبح أحر‬

science magazine article ‫مقالة من مجلة علمية‬

catch the bus

1

breathe

‫يلحق باالتوبيس‬

‫ يتنفس‬

15

get a good job ‫يحصل على وظيفة جيدة‬ feel ill (felt)

‫يشعر بمرض‬

find it difficult

‫وجدته صعب‬

breath ‫ النفس‬/‫التنفس‬

You can see someone’s breath in a cold day. ● People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. ●

one of + ‫ اسم جمع‬+ ‫ فعل مفرد‬

2 ●

One of the boys is playing outside. ice snow

3

)‫(واحد من‬

)‫ثلج (المتجمد من الماء‬ )‫جليد (متساقط من السماء‬

Would you like ice in your drink? ● In Canada, children sometimes play with snow balls. ●

melt dissolve

4 ●

)‫ يذوب (شيء صلب يتحول إلى سائل‬/ ‫ينصهر‬ )‫يذوب في سائل (ويصبح جزء من السائل‬

The ice melted in the sun.

●

Salt dissolves in water.

Check Point Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Bring me some snow from the fridge.

2. One of the windows are broken.

3. We have to breath in clean air.

(.................) (.................) (.................)

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Lesson

1

Pre-reading question: - What problems do people have when it is very hot?

- What do you do when it’s hot?

2. Read and complete the science magazine article with the bold words from the diagram?

SB Page 29

This week, Mr Mohsen, a science teacher, explains global warming to us.

The atmosphere is the air around the earth. This contains different gases. One of these is carbon dioxide.

Although it is a natural gas, it can also be caused by pollution.

Pollution from cars and factories produces extra carbon dioxide. This is a problem. If there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the temperature on the earth will increase. This is called global warming.

If the earth gets hotter, the ice in the Arctic and Antarctica will melt more quickly. The sea will get higher and this will cause floods. Dry places will become deserts. If these places become deserts, crops will not be able to grow.

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If we don’t have crops for food, it will become very difficult for us to live.

So what can we do about the problem?

First, we need to plant more trees, because these breathe in carbon dioxide. We are cutting down too many trees. We also need to find fuels that cause less pollution.

Post-reading questions 3 Choose the correct answer: 1. Carbon dioxide is (a natural / an unnatural) gas.

2. Global warming happens when the earth gets too (hot / cold).

3. Global warming (can / can’t) cause floods.

4. With global warming, dry places will become (wetter / drier).

5. Cutting down a lot of trees ( is / isn’t ) good for the environment.

Vocabulary Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. We built ..................... to make things. a) schools b) houses c) factories d) clubs 2. Carbon dioxide is a kind of a ..................... gas. a) natural b) unnatural c) normal d) abnormal 3. Man ..................... in oxygen. a) breaths b) breathes c) eats d) smells 4. All cars, buses and trains need ..................... to run. a) foul b) food c) fool d) fuel 5. If you have ..................... time, you have more time than usual.

WB a) less b) extra c) little d) few 193

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6. We will get ..................... if the sea gets higher. a) ice b) snow c) floods d) rain 7. It always snows in the ..................... . a) Africa b) Arctic c) Asia d) Australia 8. ..................... warming happens when the earth gets too hot. a) Local b) National c) International d) Global 9. We shouldn’t cut ..................... trees as they are good for the environment. a) down b) out c) in d) up 10. The ..................... is the air around the earth. a) space b) place c) atmosphere d) sky 11. Many factories and cars can cause ..................... . a) pollution b) rain c) air d) cloud 12. Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can increase the ..................... on the earth. a) heat b) temperature c) smoke d) cloud

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. If you heat ice, it dissolves. (.................)

2. Deserts are wet places. (.................)

3. It will become difficult of us to live if we don’t have clean air. (.................)

4. When we born fuels, we get carbon dioxide. (.................)

5. You should wake up early to hold the bus. (.................)

6. Our factory introduces fantastic goods. (.................)

The first conditional

‫الحالة الشرطية االولي‬

(If you get up early, you will catch the bus.)

If + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

‫و‬

‫ فاعل‬+ will/ won’t + ‫المصدر‬

- We use the first conditional to talk about something that we think will probably happen in the future: ‫● تعبر الحالة األولى من الجمل الشرطية عن شئ محتمل الحدوث أو التنبؤ بشئ فى المستقبل‬

If Ali studies hard, he will pass his test. ● If it is windy tomorrow, they won’t go to the beach.

●

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.‫ وسط الجملتين بهذا الشكل‬if ‫● يمكن وضع كلمة‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ will/ won’t + ‫ المصدر‬+ if + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

Mona will catch the bus if she hurries. ● I will be angry if you don’t come tomorrow. ●

(.................)

EX.: If I finished my homework, I’ll watch TV.

:‫أضف لمعلوماتك‬ :will ‫● يمكن استخدام الكلمات اآلتية بدال من‬

can – may – should – must . ‫ فى جواب الشرط‬will ‫● فى الجمل الشرطية من الحالة األولى يمكن استخدام األمر بد ًال من‬ ● If you are ill, go to doctor. ● If you feel ill, don’t go to school tomorrow. ●

Yes/ No questions: will + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ المصدر‬+ if + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫? مضارع بسيط‬ ●

Will you come if he invites you?

- Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

Wh-questions: ‫ أداة االستفهام‬+ will + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ المصدر‬+ if + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫? مضارع بسيط‬

What will you do if it is too hot tomorrow?

- I will stay at home.

EX.: Are you come tomorrow if I phone you? ●

(.................)

:)‫● تذكر الحالة الصفرية والتي تُستخدم مع الحقائق الثابتة (علمية أو حياتية‬

If + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

‫و‬

‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

If you heat water, it boils. ● If you put wood in water, it floats. ● If (= When ) I feel tired, I go to bed.

EX.: If you put an egg in salty water, it float. ●

(.................)

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UNIT

15 Check Point Underline the verbs in these sentences:

SB

1. If there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the temperature on the earth will increase.

2. If the earth gets hotter, the ice in the Arctic and Antarctica will melt more quickly.

3. If these places become deserts, crops will not be able to grow.

4. If we don’t have crops for food, it will become very difficult for us to live.

Structures Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Your teacher ..................... be pleased if you don’t do your homework. a) doesn’t b) didn’t c) won’t d) isn’t 2. If he ..................... to Cairo, he’ll find a job. a) move b) moves c) moved d) moving 3. If you play all day, you will ..................... tired. a) be b) are c) were d) was 4. I ..................... you with your homework if you find it difficult.

WB a) will help b) am helping c) was helping d) have helped 5. If I finish early, I’ll come and ..................... you. a) will visit b) have visited c) visited d) visit 6. I will go to the club if I ..................... well in my English test. a) will do b) doing c) do d) did 7. What ..................... if you don’t do well in the test? a) will happen b) happened c) happen d) is happening 196

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8. If your old games don’t work on your new computer, what ..................... do? a) will you b) you will c) are you d) you are 9. If you feel hot, ..................... the window. a) will open b) open c) opens d) opening 10. My parents will help me if they ..................... too busy. a) are b) aren’t c) will d) won’t 11. If there ..................... any milk in the fridge I will go and buy some. a) isn’t b) won’t be c) wasn’t d) hasn’t 12. If you heat ice, it ..................... . a) melt b) would melt c) melts d) melted

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. If I will see Amal, I will tell her about the good news. (.................)

2. If you want to see the doctor, you having to wait. (.................) WB 3. Hala not go to work if she feels ill tomorrow. (.................) WB 4. If your sister go to Paris, she’ll have a good time. (.................)

5. You will do well in your test if you don’t study hard. (.................)

6. If I bake a cake, you will have some? (.................)

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General Exercises

Lessons 1&2

1 Listen and choose the correct answer from a, b,c or d: 1. What will dry places become? a) islands b) farms c) deserts d) fields 2. When will the ice in the Arctic melt? a) when the earth gets hotter b) when the earth gets colder d) when the earth gets warmer c) when the earth gets cooler 3. What will happen if the sea gets higher? a) it will cause droughts b) it will cause clouds c) it will cause floods d) it will cause smoke

2 Read the following, then answer the questions: Pollution is when something is added to the environment that is bad for humans. Smoke in the air is a type of pollution as it is bad for the lungs when we breathe in. Dirty water is another type of pollution, as it can make people ill because it contains germs and “viruses”. If people drink it, they will get sick. People living next to a building site where there is too much noise can become sick as they cannot sleep.

As pollution grows, we put more carbon dioxide into the environment.

Pollution is of four types; air, noise, water, and soil or land pollution. If we don’t keep or environment clean, we’ll get sick.

A. Answer the following questions: ...................................................

1. How is air pollution bad for man?

2. Who has much noise pollution? ...................................................

3. How is pollution caused? ...................................................

B. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4. There are ..................... kinds of pollution. a) two b) three c) four d) five 5. The underlined word “viruses” means something ..................... . a) bad b) good c) kind d) polite 198

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3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. The atmosphere contains ....................., for example carbon dioxide. SB a) gases b) clouds c) rain d) wind 2. If it rains, you ..................... wet. a) will get b) gets c) have got d) are getting 3. Trees help us because they breathe ..................... carbon dioxide. a) out b) at c) in d) off 4. You will catch the train if you ..................... earlier. a) left b) leaves c) leave d) will leave 5. What can we do ..................... pollution problem? a) of b) off c) out d) about 6. If I ..................... see Rana today, I will phone her this evening. a) won’t b) don’t c) didn’t d) wouldn’t 7. Farmers grow many ..................... in their fields. a) crops b) cows c) goats d) horses 8. If you eat too many sweets, you will ..................... bad teeth.

SB a) had b) have c) has d) having

4 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Global warning is the increase of the temperature on the earth. (.................)

2. If we not hurry here, will be late. (.................)

3. The atmosphere is the air inside the earth. (.................)

4. She stay in London if she gets a job. (.................)

5 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on:

‫مجاب عنه نهاية الكتاب‬

“Pollution” ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................

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UNIT

15 Check Your

Vocabulary

1 Give the meaning in Arabic: pollution

....................

antarctica

....................

carbon dioxide

....................

get a good job

....................

global warming

....................

breathe

....................

2 Give the meaning in English:

200

....................

‫طبيعي‬

....................

‫محاصيل للطعام‬

....................

‫ يحترق‬/ ‫يحرق‬

....................

‫القدماء المصريين‬

....................

‫إضافي‬

....................

‫يلحق باألتوبيس‬

....................

‫وقود‬

....................

‫ ينمو‬/ ‫يزرع‬

....................

‫البيئة‬

....................

‫يشرح لـ‬

Lessons 3and4

SB pages 31-32 WB pages 22-23

Vocabulary ‫المفردات الرئيسية‬

Key Vocabulary desertification roots

‫التصحر‬

leaf / leaves

‫ أوراق الشجر‬/ ‫ورقة شجر‬

‫جُذور‬

protect (ed)

‫يحمي‬

soil

‫تربة زراعية‬

energy

‫طاقة‬

percent

‫نسبة مئوية‬

seed

‫بذرة‬

rainforests

‫غابات مطيرة‬ ‫المفردات اإلضافية‬

Additional Vocabulary look after

‫يعتني بـ‬

heat (ed)

‫ يُسخن‬/ ‫حرارة‬

Jatropha piece

half

‫نصف‬

oil

two thirds (of )

‫ُثلثان‬

petrol

one sixth (of ) anymore even plan (planned) quantity / quantities

‫سُدس‬

area

‫زيت‬ ‫بنزين‬ ‫باإلضافة إلى‬

reason

‫سبب‬

‫حتي‬

nature

‫طبيعة‬

‫يخطط‬ ‫ كميات‬/ ‫كمية‬

‫مدرسة وشبكة افتراضية عالمية للتنمية المستدامة‬

tree planting day

as well as

‫قطعة‬

‫ لم يعد‬/ ‫بعد اآلن‬

)‫تاريخ (يوم‬ date ENO (Environment Online)

international

‫ يطروفة القحطة‬/ ‫نبات الجاتروفا‬

‫ دولي‬/ ‫عالمي‬ ‫يوم زراعة االشجار‬ ‫ مساحة‬/ ‫منطقة‬

process land

)‫عملية (علمية‬ ‫قطعة أرض‬

spring

‫الربيع‬

tourist

‫سائح‬

growth condensation large

‫ زيادة‬/ ‫نمو‬ ‫ تكثيف‬/ ‫تكثف‬ ‫ضخم‬

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carry away (carried)

ً‫يحمل بعيدا‬

continue (d)

‫يستمر‬

recycled

‫ تدويره‬/ ‫مُعاد تصنيعه‬

population

‫ عدد السكان‬/ ‫السكان‬

‫تصريف األفعال غير المنتظمة‬ Conjugations of irregular verbs Present Past simple Past participle

keep

)‫ يربي (حيوانات‬/ ‫يحفظ‬

kept

kept

build

‫يبني‬

built

built ‫الكلمات وعكسها‬

Words and Opposites warm

‫دافيء‬

cool

worse

‫أسوء‬

better

far

‫بعيد‬

near

talk about

‫يتكلم عن‬

burn fuel for energy ‫يحرق وقود من أجل الطاقة‬

instead of two percent of

‫بد ًال من‬ ‫ في المائه من‬2

in danger all over the world

‫في خطر‬

202

part of by which breathe through on the tree

‫في الطبيعة‬ ‫جزء من‬ ‫والتي بها‬ ‫يتنفس من خالل‬ ‫على الشجرة‬ ‫يذهب ألسفل داخل‬

‫لوقت طويل‬

popular with

‫محبوب لدي‬

‫يعيش مع مشكلة‬

in the Luxor area

in nature

go down into

live with the problem of

carry ….. away

‫قريب‬

‫في كل أنحاء العالم‬

for a long time

put into

‫ أحسن‬/ ‫أفضل‬

‫حروف الجر‬

Prepositions

cut off

‫مائل للبرودة‬

‫في منطقة االقصر‬ ‫ يقطع‬/ ‫يفصل‬ ‫يضع بداخل‬ ‫يحمل (ينقل) بعيدا‬

on that field

‫ في هذا الحقل‬/ ‫على‬

good about

‫جيد عن‬

for shopping

‫للتسوق‬

in this way

‫بهذة الطريقة‬

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‫تعريفات‬

Definitions

* Desertification the process by which land becomes a desert.

‫التصحر‬

* leaf

a tree uses this to breathe through.

* part of

one piece of something.

* roots

a tree uses these to drink water.

‫جذور‬

* seeds

new plants come from these.

‫بذور‬

‫ ياخذ حمام‬/ ‫يستحم‬

as you know

●

2

‫كما تعرف‬

plan a day to + inf. ‫يخطط يوما ما لكي‬ use as a fuel

It is best / better + to + inf.

1

‫جزء من‬

‫تعبيرات لغوية‬

Language Expressions have a shower

‫ورقة شجر‬

‫يستخدم كوقود‬

‫من األفضل أن‬

It is best to save energy. a + ‫ عدد‬+ ‫ اسم مفرد‬+ ‫اسم‬

I usually have a three-minute shower. ● Sara is a ten-year old girl. ●

3

as well as >> ( n/inf. + ing)

‫باإلضافة إلى‬

I do my homework as well as helping my mother. ● Jatropha plant protects the environment as well as the soil. ●

…. is to >> (inf)

4 ●

‫هو أن‬

nother thing people can do to help the environment is to plant A trees.

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UNIT

15 Check Point Read and correct the underlined words:

1. It is better see your doctor now.

2. I want to have a three-days holiday.

3. She is an eleven-years old Egyptian girl.

4. Boys like watching TV as well as play football.

(.................) (.................) (.................) (.................)

‫نص االستماع‬

Tapescript

Lesson

3

Pre-listening question: 1. Choose the correct words: 1. It is best to use (warm / very hot) water for washing clothes.

2. You can save energy if you have a (three-minute / eightminute) shower.

3. Trees (help / don’t help) the environment.

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2. Listen to a science teacher and check your answers to exercise 1

SB page ??

Teacher: Today we’re going to talk about how to protect the environment. Most of us know that global warming is one of the biggest problems for our world. Most global warming is caused when we burn fuel for energy. So if we save energy, we’ll also help to stop global warming. Try to save energy at home.

About one sixth of the energy we use is to heat water, so try to use less hot water.

When we wash our clothes, it’s better to use

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warm water instead of very hot water. Also, try to have shorter

showers. Most showers take about eight minutes. In a threeminute shower, more than half the energy is saved.

Another thing people can do to help the environment is to plant trees.

As you know, trees breathe in carbon dioxide. We need more trees. About two percent of the earth has rainforests, but people are cutting down trees in rainforests every day. Two thirds of the earth’s rainforests are not there anymore. And it’s not just rainforests that are in danger. We are cutting down trees and plants all over the world, even in Egypt. So, why don’t we plan a day to plant trees!

Post-listening questions 3 Match to make sentences: A

B

1. If we save energy, 2. It takes a lot of energy 3. Shorter showers 4. Trees

a) breathe in carbon dioxide. b) use less energy. c) to heat water. d) we will help stop global warming.

Internet Search ...

Find out the date of the next ENO international tree planting day www.aladwaa.com

‫لمعرفة اإلجابة ومصادر تساعدك انتقل إلى بوابة األضواء التعليمية‬ )Internet Search / ‫(داخل قسم دروس‬

205

UNIT

15 EYE ON EGYPT

Pre-reading question: - What is desertification?

- Do you think that desertification will be worse in the future? Why? / Why not?

Lesson

1

SB Page ??

DESERTIFICATION Plants and trees are good for farmers. Their roots help to keep water in the soil. So what happens if we do not have trees or plants? ●

I f we cut down the plants and trees (for example to build houses or to keep animals), the soil will become drier. Wind and rain can carry the soil away. If this continues for a long time, desertification happens. This means that the area becomes a desert.

●

A bout 16 percent of the world’s people live with the problem of desertification. To help stop it, farmers around the world are planting more trees in dry areas.

●

In the Luxor area, farmers are helping to stop desertification by growing plants called Jatropha. These plants have big green leaves and they can grow in very dry soil. They are very easy to grow. If a piece of a plant is cut off and put into the soil, a new plant grows.

●

The seeds of the plants contain oil. It can be used as a fuel which causes less pollution than petrol. In this way, the Jatropha plant protects the environment, as well as the soil.

206

Our earth

UNIT

15

Post-reading questions 3 Answer these questions: 1. How do plants and trees help the farmers?

- Their roots help to keep .............................. .

2. Why are plants and trees cut down? Give two reasons?

- To build houses and to .............................. .

3. How is soil carried away in nature? Give two ways.

- By wind and by .............................. .

4. How many people live with the problem of desertification?

- About .............................. % of the world population.

5. Where can Jatropha plants grow?

- They can grow in .............................. soil.

6. How does the seed of the Jatropha plant help the environment?

- The oil from the seed can be used as .............................. which cause less .............................. than petrol.

3 Critical thinking questions:

)‫( اجب عن هذه االسئلة بنفسك‬

1. Do you think that desertification will be worse in the future?

Why? / Why not?? ...................................................................................................................................................

2. Why is it important to save water? ...................................................................................................................................................

3. What can we do to help stop pollution of our air and water? ...................................................................................................................................................

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UNIT

15

Vocabulary Exercises

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Cutting down all the trees can cause ..................... . a) population

b) pollution

c) desertification d) condensation 2. To grow plants, farmers put the ..................... into the soil and water them. a) roots

b) seeds

c) leaves

d) fruits

3. The ..................... of the plant grow down into the soil. a) roots

b) seeds

c) leaves

d) fruits

4. Farmers can help to stop desertification by ..................... plants called Jatropha. a) grows

b) grew

c) growing

d) grow

5. The seeds of Jatropha contain oil that can be used as fuel which causes ..................... pollution than petrol. a) many

b) less

c) little

d) much

6. Most wild animals are ..................... danger. a) at

b) in

c) on

d) of

7. I usually ..................... a shower twice a day in summer. a) give

b) make

c) do

d) have

8. I usually ..................... money to buy my needs. a) take

b) safe

c) save

d) spend

9. About one ..................... of the energy we use is to heat water. a) six

b) sixth

c) seven

d) eight

10. We have to do our best to ..................... the environment. a) grow

b) increase

c) produce

d) protect

11. About two ..................... of the earth has rainforests. a) percent

b) present

c) hundreds

d) millions

12. It ..................... a lot of energy to heat water. a) gives 208

b) does

c) takes

d) makes

Our earth

UNIT

15

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. To protect the environment, we should plane a day to plant trees. (.................)

2. If we cut down trees, wind and rain can carry the soil way. (.................)

3. The Jatropha plant protects the environment as well the soil. (.................)

4. The oil from the seed of the Jatropha can be used as fool. (.................)

5. The routes of plants help to keep water in the soil.

(.................)

6. Trees use their loaves to breathe through.

(.................)

Talking about quantities ‫التحدث عن الكميات‬ (About two percent of the earth has rainforests.) ●

About one sixth of ...........................

●

More / Less than half ........................

‫ أقل من النصف‬/ ‫أكثر‬

●

About two percent (2%) of ..........................

‫حوالي إثنان في المائه‬

●

Two thirds of .................................

‫حوالي سُدس‬

‫ُثلثان من‬

Practice

●

A bout two thirds of the students in the class use plastic bags for shopping.

●

Fifteen percent (15%) of the students use cotton bags.

●

Less than half of the students use paper bags.

●

Five percent of the students use recycled plastic bags.

●

More than half of the students use plastic bags.

209

UNIT

15

Language Functions Exercises

1 Complete the following dialogue:

WB

Ragab is talking to Ibrahim about his survey about energy.

Ibrahim : What are you doing, Ragab?

Ragab : I’m (2) ....................................................... a survey about energy on my class.

Ibrahim : (2) ....................................................... you tell me about its results?

Ragab : Of course. I found that more(2) ....................................................... half of the students use electricity to heat water.

Ibrahim : What else did you find?

Ragab : F ive (2) ....................................................... of the students use recycled things.

2 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Emad : How many students use plastic bags?

Ziad : ....................................................................... .

Emad : That’s surprising!

2. Son : .......................................................................?

Farmer : The roots of plants help to keep water in the soil.

210

General Exercises

Lessons 3&4

1 Listen and answer the following questions: 1. What is this conversation about?

2. How is most global warming caused?

3. What advice should you take?

WB

................................................... ................................................... ...................................................

2 Complete the following dialogue: Two friends are talking about global warming.

Mahmoud : I am just thinking about the causes of global warming .

Ahmed : (1) ....................................................... is global warming?

Mahmoud : Global warming is the increase of world’s temperature.

Ahmed : What might be the results of (1) ....................................................... warming?

Mahmoud : The ice in the Arctic will (1) ....................................................... and there will be floods.

Ahmed : We must try to (1) ....................................................... global warming.

3 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Hassan

: How many students use recycled bags?

Samy : ....................................................................... .

2. Hamdy

: .......................................................................?

Adel : About one third of students study on their laptop.

4 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Two ..................... of the students in my class like English. a) three b) third c) thirds d) one 2. She ..................... a taxi if it rains. a) took b) takes c) has taken d) will take 211

UNIT

15

3. We should ..................... our environment from any dangers. a) protect b) produce c) increase d) grow 4. If you get a haircut, you will ..................... much better. a) look b) looks c) looked d) will look 5. We must stop throwing rubbish in streets or we will be ..................... danger. a) at b) with c) on d) in 6. If you ..................... come to the party, I will be very angry. a) aren’t b) haven’t c) don’t d) didn’t 7. If cutting down trees ..................... for a long time , desertification happens. a) continues b) connects c) comments d) corrects 8. If he ..................... the prize, he will be happy. a) wins b) won c) will win d) would win

5 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Jatropha plants can grow in very dry oil. (.................)

2. The policeman will tell you the way if you asks him.

(.................)

3. Many farmers grow goats and cows on their farms.

(.................)

4. We will got lost if we forget the town map.

(.................)

6 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on:

‫مجاب عنه نهاية الكتاب‬

“How we stop global warming” .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................

Check Your

Vocabulary

1 Give the meaning in Arabic: rainforests

....................

desertification

....................

condensation

....................

popular with

....................

nature

....................

energy

....................

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Our earth

UNIT

15

2 Give the meaning in English: ....................

‫ في المائه من‬2

....................

‫ زيادة‬/ ‫نمو‬

....................

‫يحمي‬

....................

‫سدس‬

....................

‫نصف‬

....................

‫ تدويره‬/ ‫مُعاد تصنيعه‬

....................

‫بهذة الطريقة‬

....................

‫ دولي‬/ ‫عالمي‬

....................

‫ يزرع‬/ ‫ينمو‬

....................

‫أكثر من‬

Review time

SB page 16

Remember

Vocabulary

‫المفردات‬

atmosphere global warming

‫غالف جوي‬ ‫االحتباس الحراري‬

fuel

gas / gases

‫ غازات‬/ ‫غاز‬

cause

‫يُسبب‬

‫وقود‬

1 Choose the correct words:

(‫)مجاب عنه‬

1. The air around the earth is called ( global warming / the atmosphere).

2. The air around the earth contains many (fuels / gases).

3. Wood is an example of a (fuel / gas).

4. If we cut down trees and plants, it will (cause / stop) desertification.

Remember

The first conditional

‫الحالة الشرطية االولي‬

If Ali comes early, he will meet us. ● If it is cold tomorrow, they won’t go to the beach. ●

213

UNIT

15

2 Match to make first conditional sentences: A

(‫)مجاب عنه‬

B

1. If you eat too many sweets,

a) they will see the Pyramids.

2. If Mr Tarek is ill,

b) he won›t be able to read.

3. If you phone this number,

c) you›ll have bad teeth.

4. If the tourists go to Giza,

d) you will speak to the manager.

5. If you go to the restaurant,

e) Mr Ahmed will teach the lesson.

6. If Karim forgets his glasses,

f) you›ll have a really good lunch.

Answers: 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (d) 4. (a)

5. (f )

6. (b)

Remember Talking about quantities

‫التحدث عن الكميات‬

●

About one sixth of ...........................

●

More / Less than half ........................

‫ أقل من النصف‬/ ‫أكثر‬

●

About two percent (2%) of ..........................

‫حوالي إثنان في المائه‬

●

Two thirds of .................................

‫حوالي سُدس‬

3 Look at the diagram and choose the correct answers: 1. The total number of students is (sixteen / eighteen).

2. Most of the students (recycle / don’t recycle) paper or glass.

3. O ne (sixth / quarter) of the students don’t recycle.

4. (More / Less) than half of the students recycle glass.

5. ( Thirty-one / fifty) percent of the students only recycle paper.

214

‫ُثلثان من‬ (‫)مجاب عنه‬

Our earth

UNIT

15

Writing skills - We use the following words and phrases to show that something is an opinion, not a fact. .‫نستخدم هذة العبارات للتعبير عن رأي وليس حقيقة‬ ●

In my opinion, people waste a lot of water.

...... ،‫في رأي‬

●

I believe (that) we can all help to stop pollution.

.... ‫أعتقد أن‬

●

I think (that) global warming is a big problem in the world. ... ‫أعتقد أن‬

●

I feel (that) we could ‫ من الممكن‬all recycle more.

... ‫أشعر أن‬

More Examples: ●

I think (that) horses are more useful than camels.

●

Some scientists believe (that) we can use water as fuel for cars.

●

I feel (that) not enough has been done to stop people cutting down trees in Brazil.

●

Most people think (that) Cairo is very interesting.

Test 7

Based on Unit 15

A Listening 1 Listen and choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. What can the Jatropha plant help stop? a) fuel b) growth c) desertification d) condensation 2. What is good about this plant? a) It has small leaves and is easily grown b) It has large leaves and is easily grown c) It has small leaves and is hard to grow d) It has large leaves and is hard to grow 215

UNIT

15

3. What is special about the Jatropha plant’s seeds? a) they can be used as water

b) they are not useful

c) they contain oil

d) they cause pollution

2 Listen and answer the following questions: 1. What can horses do shortly after birth?

...................................................

2. How many bones does a horse have in its Skelton? .............................................................................................................................................................

3. How can horses sleep?

...................................................

B Language Functions 3 Complete the following dialogue:

WB

Sama is doing a survey.

Sama : Do you know how many students use plastic bags ?

Salma : (1) ....................................................... one third of students.

Sama : And how many of them use paper bags ?

Salma : ( 2) ....................................................... than half of students use paper bags.

Sama : What about (3) ....................................................... bags?

Salma : M ore (4) ....................................................... half of students use cotton bags.

4 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Nermeen : What do you think of this book?

Maya : ....................................................................... .

Nermeen : I think so, too.

2. Brother : .......................................................................?

Sister

: In my opinion, it’s interesting.

Brother

: Me, too. I will see that film again.

216

Our earth

UNIT

15

C Reading Comprehension 5 Read the following, then answer the questions: A lot of people like eating fish because it is healthy; it helps our brains to think well. Other people like catching fish because it’s fun.

But if we let them do so, in the future, we won’t have enough fish.

Here are some facts about fish. If you read about fish, you will find out that there are over 30000 known types of fish. We don’t eat more than 25 percent of the fish we catch. In 50 years time, it is possible that there will be no more fish in the sea. So, we must stop people catching fish that are very young.

A) Answer the following questions: 1. How many types of fish are known? ...................................................

2. Why do people prefer catching fish? ...................................................

3. How is fish helpful? ...................................................

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4. After ..................... years, there won’t be more fish in the sea. a) five b) fifteen c) fifty d) fifty-five 5. Fish is ..................... food. a) unhealthy b) useful c) bad d) harmful

D The Reader 6 A) Put the events into the correct order: The thieves wanted to steal the gold in the boxes in this cellar.

Holmes thought there was going to be a dangerous crime.

Holmes hoped to catch a famous thief called John Clay.

Holmes started to think of solving the mystery.

B) Answer the following questions: 1. Who was Peter Jones?

WB .............................................................................................................................................................

2. Why did Holmes hope to catch Clay? ...................................................

3. How do you think the thieves planned to take the gold out of the cellar?

SB .............................................................................................................................................................

217

UNIT

15

4. Why do you think the bank manager wanted to move the so much gold out of the cellar? ...................................................

E

Vocabulary and Structure

7 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Many people use wood as ..................... . a) foul b) fool c) fuel d) gas 2. If we visit Giza, we’ll ..................... the Pyramids. a) see b) saw c) seeing d) seen 3. The air around the earth ..................... many gases. a) produces b) contains c) protects d) saves 4. If you play well, you ..................... the match. a) will win b) wins c) won d) are won 5. We have to stop cutting ..................... trees. a) up b) in c) at d) down 6. I’ll meet her if she ..................... to the party. a) will come b) would come c) has come d) comes 7. If we keep the environment, we can ..................... global warming. a) increase b) stop c) use d) produce 8. If it’s hot tomorrow, I ..................... stay at home. a) wouldn’t b) didn’t c) won’t d) haven’t

8 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. The oil from Jatropha causes less pollute. (.................)

2. He won’t come if you asked him. (.................)

3. Carbon dioxide is a natural case. (.................)

4. You will go if he invites you? (.................)

F

Writing

7 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on: “Jatropha plants” .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................

218