Unit 17

Objectives of the unit: Outcomes:

• Grammar: Past simple passive • Reading: • • •

Lessons 1 & 2: To discuss inventions and discoveries To read about ancient recipes and answer Reading a magazine article about questions discoveries To use the past simple passive Listening: Lessons 3 & 4: To listen to a talk about the history of flight Listening to a short talk about the history of flight To give a talk Speaking: To carry out an internet search about the Giving a short talk Wright brothers Writing: To learn about inventions Writing a talk about an invention To write about and give a talk about an invention

• • • • • • • •

Lessons 1and2

SB pages 41-42 WB page 31

Vocabulary Key Vocabulary

‫المفردات الرئيسية‬

discover (ed)

‫يكتشف‬

fire

discovery / discoveries

‫إكتشاف‬

century

)‫ عام‬100( ‫قرن‬

invent (ed)

‫يخترع‬

boil (ed)

‫يغلي‬

invention

‫إختراع‬

original

‫أصلي‬

papyrus

‫ورق بردي‬

fat

‫دهون‬

ashes

‫رماد‬

coffee beans

coffee toothpaste recipe

‫ بودرة‬/ ‫مسحوق‬

archaeologist

‫عالم آثار‬ ‫المفردات اإلضافية‬

‫صابون‬

Turkish

‫ اللغة التركية‬/ ‫تركي‬

‫قهوة‬

ink pen

‫قلم حبر‬

‫معجون أسنان‬ ‫وصفة طعام‬

BCE (Before Common Era) ‫قبل الميالد‬

ancient Egyptians

‫حبوب البن‬

powder

Additional Vocabulary soap

‫ حريق‬/ ‫نار‬

‫المصريون القدماء‬

the Chinese

‫الصينيون‬

paper

‫ورق‬

artist

‫فنان‬

stamp

) ‫طابع ( بريد‬

wool

‫صوف‬

diamond

‫الماس‬

cotton

‫قطن‬

envelope

‫ مظروف خطاب‬/ ‫ظرف‬

prepare (d) materials clothes 262

‫ يجهز‬/ ‫يُعد‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫مالبس‬

London Underground ‫مترو أنفاق لندن‬

railway message

‫سكة حديد‬ ‫رسالة‬

Important discoveries

UNIT

leaf / leaves

17

‫ورقة شجر‬

symbol

‫رمز‬

medicine

‫دواء‬

station

‫محطة‬

plant (ed)

‫ نبات‬/ ‫يزرع‬

until

‫حتي‬

later

‫ فيما بعد‬/ ‫في وقت الحق‬

sign decade

ً‫حديثا‬

current

describe (d)

‫يصف‬

amazing

‫ملح‬

herbs

‫أعشاب‬

grey

‫لون رمادي‬

bits

‫ فتات‬/ ‫أجزاء‬

Ethiopian

‫ حبشي‬/ ‫إثيوبي‬

)‫ أعوام‬01(‫عِقد زمني‬

The Romans

recently

salt

‫الفتة‬

‫الرومان‬ ‫ جاري‬/ ‫حالي‬ ‫ مدهش‬/ ‫مذهل‬

world’s oldest papyrus ‫أقدم بردي في العالم‬

Tutankhamun

‫توت عنخ آمون‬

text message uniform date

‫رسالة نصية‬ ‫ زي موحد‬/ ‫زي رسمي‬ )‫تاريخ (يوم وشهر وسنة‬ ‫دول ومدن‬

countries and cities North Africa the Middle East Ethiopia

‫شمال أفريقيا‬ ‫الشرق األوسط‬ ‫دولة أثيوبيا‬

Turkey

‫دولة تركيا‬

Fayoum

‫مدينة الفيوم‬

South Africa

‫جنوب أفريقيا‬

‫تصريف األفعال غير المنتظمة‬ Conjugations of irregular verbs Present Past simple Past participle

show

‫ يوضح‬/ ‫ يبين‬/ ‫يعرض‬

drink

‫يشرب‬

wear

‫ يلبس‬/ ‫يرتدي‬

showed

shown

drank

drunk

wore

worn ‫الكلمات وعكسها‬

Words and Opposites modern at first

‫حديث‬ ‫في البداية‬

ancient at last

‫ أثري‬/ ً‫قديم جدا‬ ‫في التهاية‬

263

UNIT

17 ‫حروف الجر‬

Prepositions mix with

‫يخلط بـ‬

cook over a fire

‫يطهى على نار‬

cook on a fire’s ashes ‫يطهى على رماد النار‬

«be» made by «be» made into

‫مصنوع بواسطة‬ ‫يتحول إلى‬

all over the world ‫في جميع أنحاء العالم‬

look for

‫يبحث عن‬

under the ground

‫تحت االرض‬

ashes from a fire

‫رماد من نار‬

The Great Pyramid of Giza ‫هرم الجيزة األكبر‬

Pyramid of Saqqara protect from

‫يحمي من‬ ‫تعريفات‬

Definitions * archaeologist

people who look for ancient things under the ground. ‫عالم أثار‬

* ashes

the grey material that is left after a fire.

* original

the first of something.

* powder

very small bits like sand.

as medicine

‫مثل الرمل‬ ‫كدواء‬

make toothpaste ‫يصنع معجون أسنان‬

‫أصلى‬ ‫ بودرة‬/ ‫مسحوق‬

make a powder paint a picture make discoveries

‫يصنع مسحوق‬ ‫ يلون صورة‬/ ‫يدهن‬ ‫يقوم بإكتشافات‬

discover )‫يكتشف (شيء موجود ولكنه غير معروف لدي الناس‬ invent )‫يخترع (شي جديد لم يكن موجود من قبل‬

1

Columbus discovered America. ● Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. ●

264

‫رماد‬

‫تعبيرات لغوية‬

Language Expressions like sand

‫هرم سقارة‬

Important discoveries

2

UNIT

17

‫عند عطف فعل على فعل النكرر الفعل المساعد بل نكتب الفعل‬ ‫في شكل الفعل االساسي السابق‬

The coffee beans were cooked over a fire and made into a powder. ● This was mixed with water and cooked slowly on a fire’s ashes. ●

“be” used to + inf. )nuon( ‫) أو‬gni + .fni( + rof desu ”eb“

3

‫ُيستخدم لـ‬ ‫ُيستخدم لـ‬

The soap was used to wash wool and cotton. ● A pen is used for writing. ●

Check Point Read and correct the underlined words: 1. A knife is used for cut food.

2. Scientists try to invent new medicine.

3. Oil is made into petrol and using as fuel.

(.................) (.................) (.................)

Pre-reading questions:

Lesson

1

hich two sentences do you think are true about soap, coffee and W toothpaste? a) They are all inventions or discoveries from North Africa or the Middle East. b) They are all modern inventions or discoveries. c) They are all made using very old recipes.

3. Read the magazine article and check your answers to exercise 1

SB Page 41 Ancient recipes A papyrus from 1500 BCE shows how soap was made by the ancient Egyptians: fat was mixed with ashes from a fire.

265

UNIT

17 The soap was used to wash wool and cotton to prepare the materials to make clothes.

Coffee was discovered in Ethiopia in the eleventh century. At first, the leaves of the coffee plant were boiled in water.

The drink was used as medicine. Coffee wasn’t planted outside Ethiopia until the fourteenth century. For 300 years, the original recipe from Ethiopia was used. Later, coffee became popular in Turkey. The coffee beans were cooked over a fire and made into a powder. This was mixed with water and cooked slowly on a fire’s ashes . This recipe was taken all over the world .

Archaeologists recently found a toothpaste recipe from the fourth century. It was discovered near Fayoum. The recipe was written on papyrus and describes how to mix salt with herbs, to make a powder for cleaning teeth.

Post-reading questions 3 Answer these questions: 1. What did the ancient Egyptians use soap for?

- They used it to wash .............................. to make clothes.

2. Why did the Ethiopians first drink coffee?

- They used it .............................. .

3. How was Turkish coffee different from Ethiopian coffee?

- In Turkey, coffee beans were cooked .............................. . This was mixed with water and cooked slowly on a fire’s ashes. In Ethiopia, the leaves .............................. .

4. What did the ancient Egyptians use to make toothpaste?

- They used .............................. .

266

Important discoveries

Vocabulary Exercises

UNIT

17

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. 1999 was the last year of the twentieth ..................... .

WB a) century b) year c) hundred d) decade 2. The Romans gave the city of London its ..................... name. This was Londinium.

WB a) only b) newest c) original d) current 3. ..................... are the grey material that is left after a fire.

SB a) Coffee beans b) Ashes c) Papyrus d) Recipes 4. Many scientists ..................... great discoveries to benefit humans. a) gave b) took c) did d) made 5. Computers and mobile phones are all modern ..................... . a) discoveries b) inventions c) materials d) machines 6. The ancient Egyptians used ..................... for writing. a) paper b) papyrus c) wood d) cotton 7. ..................... usually look for ancient things under the ground. SB a) Inventors b) Discoverers c) Archaeologists d) Professors 8. The ancient Egyptians mixed fat ..................... ashes from a fire. a) on b) at c) over d) with 9. The Ethiopians boiled the coffee plant in water then used it ..................... medicine. b) such c) like d) unlike a) as 10. In Turkey, coffee beans were cooked over a fire and made into a/ an ..................... . b) water c) liquid d) powder a) oil 11. We should use good toothpaste to ..................... our teeth every day. a) brush b) dry c) wash d) pull 12. Every student should ..................... the lessons before going to school. a) prepare b) collect c) do d) make

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. A papyrus from 1500 BCE shows how soap was found by the ancient Egyptians. (.................)

267

UNIT

17

2. Coffee was invented in Ethiopia in the eleventh century. (.................)

3. Turkish coffee was different at Ethiopian coffee. (.................)

4. The ancient Egyptians use salt and herbs to do toothpaste. (.................)

5. We should wash our hands with soup to be clean. (.................)

6. Powder is very small bits like bricks. (.................)

Past simple passive

‫الماضي البسيط في المجهول‬

(Coffee was discovered in Ethiopia in the eleventh century.) .‫ تذكر الماضي البسيط في المعلوم‬:ً‫أوال‬ .‫( للفعل وهناك أفعال شاذة‬ied - d - ed) ‫● وهو يتكون من التصريف الثاني للفعل بإضافة‬ :‫● و يُستعمل مع كلمات و تعبيرات مثل‬

In the past – ago – last – yesterday – in ( 2010 ) ● The Chinese first made paper. ● Archaeologists discovered many important things in Egypt. :‫● ويُنفي الماضي البسيط المعلوم بـ‬ ‫ الفاعل‬+ didn’t + inf. ●

Egyptians didn’t invent stamps. :‫● ويتكون السؤال من‬ ‫ أداة االستفهام‬+ did + ‫ الفاعل‬+ inf.?

Why did the Ethiopians first drink coffee?

EX.: I travels to Paris 2 years ago. ●

(.................)

Form ‫التكوين‬ ‫ المفعول‬+ was / were + P.P. )‫ (التصريف الثالث للفعل‬+ by + ‫الفاعل‬

Fat was mixed with ashes from a fire. ● The ink pen was also invented by the Egyptians. ● These cakes were made an hour ago.

EX.: Paper was first make by the Chinese. ●

268

(.................)

Important discoveries

UNIT

17

Negative ‫النفى‬ ‫ المفعول‬+ wasn’t / weren’t + P.P. )‫ (التصريف الثالث للفعل‬+ by + ‫الفاعل‬

Toothpaste wasn’t invented in Europe. ● Stamps weren’t invented by Egyptians.

EX.: Stamps wasn’t invented by the Egyptians. ●

(.................)

Question ‫السؤال‬ ‫السؤال بمعنى هل‬

Yes/ No questions:

was / were + ‫ المفعول‬+ P.P. )‫? (التصريف الثالث للفعل‬ Was the world’s biggest diamond found in South Africa? ● Were stamps invented by Egyptians?

EX.: Was that picture paints by a famous artist? (.................) ●

Wh-questions: ‫ أداة استفهام‬+ was / were + ‫ المفعول‬+ P.P. )‫?(التصريف الثالث للفعل‬

When was the first email sent? ● What were the first envelopes made of? ●

‫الحظ‬

.‫● يُستخدم الظرف قبل التصريف الثالث‬

The ink pen was also invented by the Egyptians.

EX.: Where did the world’s biggest diamond found? ●

(.................)

Check Point Underline the two parts of the verb: 1. Fat was mixed with ashes from a fire.

2. At first, the leaves of the coffee plant were boiled in water.

3. Coffee wasn’t planted outside Ethiopia until the fourteenth century.

4. It was discovered near Fayoum.

5. The recipe was written on papyrus.

269

UNIT

17

Structures Exercises

1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. This house ..................... built by my grandfather. a) have

b) has

c) was

d) were

2. The policemen ..................... by our friends two hours ago. a) were called

b) are called

c) have called

d) called

3. “Robinson Crusoe” was written ..................... D. Defoe at the age of sixty. a) at

b) of

c) with

d) by

4. We were ..................... to a big party in a wonderful club. a) invited

b) inviting

c) invite

d) invites

5. The game ..................... by our team yesterday. a) is won

b) was won

c) has won

d) is winning

6. The world’s oldest papyrus ..................... written 4,500 years ago. a) were

b) was

c) are

d) is

7. Who ..................... painted by? a) was that picture

b) that picture was

c) has that picture

d) that picture has

8. Stamps ..................... invented by Egyptians. a) don’t

b) haven’t

c) weren’t

(SB) d) didn’t

9. What ..................... the ancient Egyptians use to make toothpaste? a) do

b) have

c) were

d) did

10. They ..................... the world’s biggest diamond in South Africa a long time ago. a) found

b) are found

c) were found

d) have found

11. Uniforms ..................... by children when they go school. a) were often wearing

b) are often wearing

c) were often worn

d) are often worn

12. The Pyramid of Saqqara ..................... 4,600 years ago. a) were built 270

b) was built

c) was building d) built

Important discoveries

UNIT

17

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Archaeologists were found a toothpaste recipe from the fourth century. (.................)

2. This papyrus shows how soap was made of the ancient Egyptians. (.................)

3. Coffee discovered in Ethiopia in the eleventh century. (.................)

4. The first envelopes are made of animal skins. (.................)

5. When the first car was made? (.................)

6. Tutankhamun was finding in 1922 by Howard Carter. (.................)

271

General Exercises

Lessons 1&2

1 Listen and choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d: 1. What was sent in 1971? a) The first mail b) The first email c) The first message d) The first car 2. Where was the world’s biggest diamond found? a) in South America b) in North Africa c) in South Africa d) in North America 3. Who was the telephone invented by? a) Graham Bell b) Guglielmo Marconi c) John Logie d) Charles Babbage

2 Read the following, then answer the questions: Coffee beans were first brought from Ethiopia to Yemen. Some people in Yemen used it to keep themselves awaken during their nighttime.

Coffee was moved from Yemen to Mecca and Medina, and then to the larger cities of Cairo, Damascus and Baghdad. Many coffee houses grew up in Cairo around the religious University of Al Azhar. During the 16th century, it reached the rest of the Middle East. From the Middle East, coffee drinking got to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, and coffee plants were moved by the Dutch to the East Indies and to the Americas.

A. Answer the following questions: 1. Why did people in Yemen use coffee? ...................................................

2. Where were coffee houses found in Cairo? ...................................................

3. Who moved the coffee plants to the Americas? ...................................................

B. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4. Coffee reached the rest of the Middle East in the ..................... century. a) 14th b) 15th c) 16th d) 17th 5. Coffee was discovered in ..................... . a) Ethiopia b) Mecca c) Cairo d) the Far East 272

3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. The ..................... recipe of coffee came from Ethiopia. a) fast b) last c) original d) origin 2. Coffee wasn’t ..................... outside Ethiopia until the fourteenth century. a) planted b) plant c) planting d) plants 3. Every year, scientists make important ..................... in medicine. WB a) news b) discoveries c) find d) roads 4. The London Underground railway ..................... in 1863. a) is opening b) is opened c) was opening d) was opened 5. Mona would like the ..................... for the amazing cake that your mother made.

WB a) book b) recipe c) list d) diary 6. The first car ..................... made in 1886. a) is b) was c) has d) does 7. My brother finished school and looked ..................... a good job. a) at b) for c) after d) forward 8. The first text message ..................... in 1992. a) was sent b) sent c) send d) was sending

4 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Archaeologists invented many important things in Egypt. (.................)

2. Toothpaste wasn’t invent in Europe. (.................)

3. We usually put a litter in an envelope. (.................)

4. This book was written from a group of great teachers. (.................)

5 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on:

‫مجاب عنه نهاية الكتاب‬

“Coffee” ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................

273

UNIT

17 Check Your

Vocabulary

1 Give the meaning in Arabic: recently

....................

as medicine

....................

materials

....................

invention

....................

diamond

....................

make a powder

....................

2 Give the meaning in English:

274

....................

‫رماد‬

....................

)‫ عام‬001( ‫قرن‬

....................

‫في جميع أنحاء العالم‬

....................

‫تحت االرض‬

....................

‫يحمي من‬

....................

‫حبوب البن‬

....................

‫رسالة نصية‬

....................

‫رمز‬

....................

‫ شعبي‬/ ‫محبوب‬

....................

)‫ أعوام‬10( ‫عِقد زمني‬

Lessons 3and4

SB pages 43-44 WB pages 32-33

Vocabulary ‫المفردات الرئيسية‬

Key Vocabulary flight

‫ طيران‬/ ‫رحلة طيران‬

design (ed)

‫ تصميم‬/ ‫يصمم‬

drawings

‫رسومات‬

hot air balloon )‫منطاد (يعمل بالهواء الساخن‬

passenger

‫ راكب‬/ ‫مسافر‬

complete (d) last (ed)

‫يكمل‬ ‫ يدوم‬/ ‫يستمر‬

finally sun clock shadow windmill sail (ed)

‫يبحر‬

‫مؤرخ‬ ‫المفردات اإلضافية‬

) ‫تاريخ ( مادة دراسية‬

take place

‫يحدث‬ ‫سجادة‬

carpet

French

‫فرنسي‬

research (ed)

basket

‫سلة‬

only

‫طاحونة هواء‬

historian

‫إيطالي‬

American

‫ظل‬

‫كهرباء‬

Italian

flying machine

‫ساعة شمسية‬

electricity

Additional Vocabulary history

ً‫أخيرا‬

‫آلة طيران‬ ‫أمريكي‬ ‫فقط‬

originally wind energy sail boats flour

‫ بحث علمي‬/ ً‫يبحث علميا‬ ً ‫أص‬ ‫ في األصل‬/ ‫ال‬ ‫طاقة الرياح‬ ‫مراكب شراعية‬ ‫دقيق‬

seconds

‫ثواني‬

wheat

carry / carried

‫يحمل‬

traveller

‫مسافر‬

Europe

‫اوربا‬

clock

‫ساعة حائط‬

artist

‫فنان‬

the country

‫قمح‬

‫الريف‬

275

UNIT

17

candle clock

‫ساعة شمعية‬

The Wright brothers› flyer ‫طائرة األخوين رايت‬

Ornicopter ‫أورنيثوبتر طائرة ليوناردو دافنشي‬

hill

‫تل‬

Greeks

‫اليونانيون‬

kick (ed)

‫يركل بقدمه‬

‫تصريف األفعال غير المنتظمة‬ Conjugations of irregular verbs Present Past simple Past participle

fly

‫يطير‬

blow

‫ ينفخ‬/ ‫تهب‬

sit

‫يجلس‬

burn

‫ يحرق‬/ ‫يحترق‬

flew

flown

blew

blown

sat

sat

burned / burnt

burned / burnt ‫الكلمات وعكسها‬

Words and Opposites correct

‫صح‬

incorrect

large

‫ضخم‬

tiny

interesting

‫شيق‬

boring

low

‫منخفض‬

expensive

‫غالي الثمن‬

beautiful

‫جميل‬

high cheap ugly

talk about

‫يتكلم عن‬

start by + (inf. + ing)

‫يبدأ بـ‬

blow hot air into the balloon ‫ينفخ هواء ساخن في داخل المنطاد‬ ‫يربط بـ‬

flight with people ‫رحلة طيران مع الناس‬ do experiments with planes ‫يقوم بتجارب مع طائرات‬

276

ً‫صغير جدا‬ ‫مُمل‬ ‫عال‬ ٍ / ‫مرتفع‬ ‫رخيص الثمن‬ ‫قبيح‬ ‫حروف الجر‬

Prepositions

tie (d) to

) ‫خطأ ( صفة‬

different to point to around 520 CE burn down over the years on the Nile

‫مختلف عن‬ ‫يشير إلى‬ ‫ م‬025 ‫حوالي عام‬ ‫يحترق‬ ‫على مر السنين‬ ‫في النيل‬

Important discoveries

UNIT

over the next years ‫على مدار السنوات المقبلة‬

hot air for

‫هواء ساخن لـ‬

idea for

17 ‫فكرة لـ‬

on the road

‫في الطريق‬ ‫تعبيرات لغوية‬

Language Expressions build a plane

‫يبني طائرة‬

move boats

‫يحرك القوارب‬

give a talk

‫يلقي حديث‬

sail boats

‫يبحر بالقوارب‬

tell the time

‫يخبر الوقت‬

make electricity

make a flight

‫يقوم برحلة طيران‬

by + (inf. + ing) ●

‫يصنع ( يولد ) كهرباء‬

‫بواسطة‬

We play football by kicking a ball.

‫نص االستماع‬

Tapescript

Lesson

3

Pre-listening question: 1. Have you ever flown by plane?

2. Would you like to fly in a plane?

2. Listen to a talk about the history of flight and check your answers to exercise 1 SB page ???

Teacher : T oday, I’m going to talk about the history of flight. I’ll start by telling you how the first plane was designed. Does anyone know anything about it?

277

UNIT

17 Boy 1

: I think the first plane was designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

Teacher : That’s correct. The first drawings of planes were made in the 1480s. A plane was designed by the famous Italian scientist and artist, Leonardo da Vinci.

Boy 2

: Did they use his original drawing to build a plane?

Teacher : No, they didn’t. But the drawing helped people to think about how they could fly. Now, much later, two French brothers, the Montgolfier brothers, invented the first hot air balloon.

This is how it worked. They used a fire to blow hot air into the balloon. Passengers sat in a large basket that was tied to the balloon. The first passengers in the hot air balloon were animals! The first flight with people in a hot air balloon was completed in 1783. Many other flying machines were invented after this time. Some worked, but some didn’t!

Then, after years doing experiments with planes, the first flight was made by the American Wright brothers, in 1903. I’ll tell you something interesting about this flight. It lasted only twelve seconds! Finally, let’s look at how their plane design was changed over the next years ……..

278

Important discoveries

UNIT

17

Post-listening questions 3 Answer these questions: 1. What was Leonardo da Vinci’s job?

- He was a scientist .............................. .

2. Where did the hot air for the first hot air balloon come from?

- It came from .............................. .

3. What did the first hot air balloon carry?

- It carried .............................. .

4. How long was the Wright brothers’ first flight?

- It lasted .............................. .

Internet Search ...

Where did the Wright brothers make their famous flight in 1903? www.aladwaa.com

‫لمعرفة اإلجابة ومصادر تساعدك انتقل إلى بوابة األضواء التعليمية‬ )Internet Search / ‫(داخل قسم دروس‬

Vocabulary Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Magda’s mother bought some eggs and put them carefully into her ..................... .

WB a) racket b) net c) basket d) ball 2. There was no electricity in the house in the country, so we used ..................... for light.

WB a) candles b) bottles c) lamps d) windmills 3. The sun was low and my ..................... looked very big on the road. WB a) sight

b) view

c) show

d) shadow 279

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17

4. I’ll go to the airport early as my ..................... is at 7 a.m. a) fly

b) flight

c) picnic

d) voyage

5. My uncle is a/an ..................... . He has many beautiful drawings. a) artist

b) engineer

c) architect

d) doctor

6. Leonardo da Vinci ..................... the first plane in his drawings in the 1480s. a) worked

b) discovered

c) invented

d) designed

7. Passengers sat in a large basket that was tied ..................... the balloon. a) at

b) on

c) to

d) of

8. The first flight was ..................... by the American Wright brothers, in 1903. a) made

b) did

c) had

d) taken

9. A football match ..................... ninety minutes. a) lists

b) lets

c) allows

d) lasts

10. In the past, the wind were used to ..................... boats. a) sell

b) sail

c) go

d) fly

11. A ..................... is a person who writes what happened in the past. a) history

b) historian

c) historical

d) geographer

12. We use ..................... for making bread and cakes. a) flame

b) flower

c) floor

d) flour

2 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Today, I’m going to talk in the history of trains. (.................)

WB 2. I’ll start by tell you about the early 1800s. (.................)

WB 3. I’ll tell you something interested about the early trains. (.................)

WB 4. The first flight with people in a hot air cartoon was in 1783. (.................)

5. I hope I’ll spend comfort time in Alexandria. (.................)

6. Windmills were original used to help make flour from wheat.

(.................)

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Important discoveries

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17

‫إلقاء حديث‬ Giving a talk ● Today I’m going to talk about ..................... ● I’ll start by telling you ..................... ● Much later, ..................... ● This is how ..................... ● I’ll tell you something interesting about ..................... ● Finally, let’s look at .....................

‫اليوم سأتكلم عن‬ ‫سأبدأ بإخبارك‬ ‫بعد ذلك بكثير‬ ‫هذا كيف‬ ‫سأخبرك شيئاً شيق عن‬ ‫أخيراً هيا ننظر إلى‬

Examples: ● Today, I’m going to talk about the history of flight. I’ll start by telling you how the first plane was designed. ● Now, much later, two French brothers, the Montgolfier brothers, invented the first hot air balloon. ● I’ll tell you something interesting about this flight. It lasted only twelve seconds! ● Finally, let’s look at how their plane design was changed over the next years.

Language Functions Exercises 1 Complete the following dialogue:

WB

A teacher is talking about the history of the windmills.

Teacher : Today, I’m going to talk about the history of windmills.

Student : It’s a wonderful subject.

Teacher : I’ll start (1) .................................. telling you when windmills were invented.

Student : How were they moved (2) .................................. Europe?

Teacher : Travellers took the idea for the windmill to Europe. Now, much (3) .................................. , the same idea is used to make electricity in many countries.

Student : (4) .................................. you, teacher.

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UNIT

17

2 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Samia : How was your flight to London?

Norhan : I’ll tell you .......................... about my flight. It took seven hours.

Samia : How interesting! The plane was fast.

2. Nadeen : .......................................................................?

Teacher : Today, I’m going to talk about the history of flying!

Project Windmills The ancient Egyptians understood that wind can be used to move boats. They used wind energy to sail their boats on the Nile. There are pictures of sail boats from 3,200 BCE. Windmills were invented in the Middle East in the ninth century. They were used to help make flour from wheat. Travellers took the idea for the windmill to Europe. Today, the same idea is used to make electricity in many countries.

1. You are going to give a talk. First, research some information about the history of one of the things in exercise 1. .1 ‫ ابحث عن بعض المعلومات الخاصة بتاريخ احد االشياء الموجودة فى التدريب رقم‬،‫ اوال‬.‫ستقوم بالقاء حديث‬

2. Think about the following: ‫فكر فى التالى‬ ● Who invented it? ‫● من اخترعة؟‬ ● Where, when and why did they invent it? ‫ ولماذا تم اختراعة؟‬، ‫ متى‬، ‫● أين‬ ● What did people originally use it for? ‫● فيما استخدمة الناس فى البداية؟‬ ● What was it originally made of? ‫● مم صنع فى االساس؟‬ ● How has it changed over the years? ‫● كيف تم تغييرة بمرور السنين؟‬ 3. Write a paragraph about the information you researched. .‫اكتب فقرة عن المعلومات التى بحثت عنها‬

4. Give a talk about your information.

282

.‫قم بالقاء حديث عن معلوماتك‬

General Exercises

Lessons 3&4

1 Listen and answer the following questions: 1. In which country were first trains used?

2. When were first trains used?

3. How were first trains used?

................................................... ................................................... ...................................................

2 Complete the following dialogue: Mrs Samira is discussing how the first trains were used in the past.

Mrs Samira : Today, I’m going to talk about the history of trains.

Abdullah : Wow! That’s exciting!

Mrs Samira : I’ll (1) .................................. by telling you about the early 1800s.

This is when the first trains were used in England.

Abdullah : I want to know what they (2) .................................. trains for.

Mrs Samira : I’ll tell you something interesting (3) .................................. the early trains. They were all used in factories.

Abdullah : That’s (4) .................................. information.

3 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Anwar : Who was the sun clock invented by.

Amal : ....................................................................... .

Anwar : That’s correct. The ancient Egyptians were great?

2. Malak : .........................................................................................?

Basma : Flour is made from wheat.

4 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. There used to be a ..................... on that hill. The farmers used it to make flour from wheat. a) factory b) lighthouse

WB

c) windmill

d) field 283

UNIT

17

2. The sun clock ..................... by ancient Egyptians. a) invented b) was invented c) is invented d) was inventing 3. A ..................... is very expensive because it looks beautiful.

WB a) diamond b) balloon c) candle d) flour 4. The first flight ..................... made by the American Wright brothers in 1903. a) was b) is c) has d) can 5. The first flight ..................... people in a hot air balloon was in 1783. a) at b) to c) in d) with 6. The ancient Egyptians ..................... wind energy to sail their boats on the Nile. a) were used b) are used c) used d) use 7. The teacher told us to ..................... some information about the history of flight. a) research b) speak c) look d) talk 8. The first drawings of planes were ..................... in the 1480s. a) make b) made c) making d) makes

5 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Two French brothers invented the first heat air balloon.

2. Did the first plane designed by Leonardo da Vinci?

3. The Chinese used candle clocks to say the time.

4. The first text message is sent in 1992.

6 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on:

(.................) (.................) (.................) (.................)

‫مجاب عنه نهاية الكتاب‬

“important inventions . Your name is Salah.” .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................

Check Your

Vocabulary

1 Give the meaning in Arabic: candle clock

....................

originally

....................

historian

....................

flying machine

....................

drawings

....................

make electricity

....................

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Important discoveries

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17

2 Give the meaning in English: ....................

‫ راكب‬/ ‫مسافر‬

....................

‫بعد ذلك بكثير‬

....................

‫يقوم برحلة طيران‬

....................

‫في النيل‬

....................

‫يشير إلى‬

....................

‫ يتغير‬/ ‫يتغير‬

....................

‫ظل‬

....................

‫على مدار السنوات المقبلة‬

....................

‫يلقي حديث‬

....................

‫ يدوم‬/ ‫يستمر‬

Review time

SB page 45

Remember

Vocabulary

‫المفردات‬

archaeologist Ashes

‫عالم آثار‬ ‫رماد‬

Candle

‫شمعة‬

Soap

‫صابون‬

1 Complete the sentences with these words:

‫مجاب عنه‬

1. Before electricity, ..................... were used for light. (candles) 2. ..................... look for ancient things under the ground.

(Archaeologists) 3. I always use ..................... to wash my hands. (soap) 4. ..................... can be hot after a fire, so pour water or sand onto them.

(Ashes)

Remember

Past simple passive

‫الماضي البسيط في المجهول‬

The Suez Canal was dug by the Egyptians. ● Was The Suez Canal dug by Egyptians? ● Stamps weren’t invented by Egyptians. ● What were the first envelopes made of? ●

285

UNIT

17

2 Make sentences using the past passive:

‫مجاب عنه‬

1. Glasses were first invented in Italy in the 1200s.

2. The first sandals were made of papyrus.

3. The first x-ray was taken by a German doctor, Wilhelm Rontgen, in 1895.

4. The metro in Cairo was built in 1987.

5. The first text message was not sent until 1992.

Remember ‫إلقاء حديث‬ Giving a talk - Today I’m going to talk about ........

- I’ll start by telling you ....

- Much later, ........

- This is how .........

- I’ll tell you something interesting about .......

- Finally, let’s look at ........

3 Put the dialogue into the correct order:

‫مجاب عنه‬

1. Today, I’m going to talk about the history of pizza.

2. I’ll start by telling you about the name of the margherita pizza.

3. I’ll tell you something interesting about why it got that name. It was made for the Italian Queen Margherita.

4. Much later, the recipe was taken to the USA from Italy.

5. Finally, let’s look at how many pizza restaurants there are in the world today.

Dictionary skills ● We

often use the suffix –al to make adjectives from nouns. :‫ في نهاية االسم لنكون الصفة‬al ‫عادة نستخدم‬

Noun history origin music tradition 286

Adjective historical original musical traditional

Important discoveries

UNIT

1 Choose the correct words:

17

‫مجاب عنه‬

1. This castle is one of the most (history / historical) buildings in England.

2. What is the (origin / original) of the word ‘email’?

3. Magdi is very (music / musical). He can play the piano and the flute.

4. I prefer (tradition / traditional) music to most of the music you hear on the radio.

Test 10

Based on Unit 11

A Listening 1 Listen and choose the correct answer from a, b or c: 1. When might have the game of football started? a) 2000 BCE b) 2500 BCE c) 1000 BCE d) 1500 BCE 2. Who might have invented football? a) the Chinese b) the Egyptians c) the Greeks d) all of them 3. What part of their body did ancient players use to play football? a) their hands b) their heads c) their legs d) their arms

2 Listen and answer the following questions: 1. Why can’t Tamer go out?

2. What did mother want to make?

3. What did mother want to buy?

................................................... ................................................... ...................................................

B Language Functions 3 Complete the following dialogue: Mr Nader is talking about computer games.

Mr Mayar : I like computer games very much. Can you tell us about it?

Mr Nader : Sure. I’ll start by (1).......................... you that the first computer game for a TV was a tennis game, in 1967.

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UNIT

17

Mayar : I think many people tried it.

Mr Nader : I’ll tell you something (2).......................... about computer games for the TV in the 1970s: they were very expensive.

Mayar : How (3).......................... they changed?

Mr Nader : (4).......................... later, in 1986, you could buy computer games that you could hold in your hand.

4 Supply the missing parts in the following two mini-dialogues: 1. Miss Eman : Today, I’m going to talk about the history of pizza Alaa : That’s fine with me. What would you like to ask?

Miss Eman : ................................. the name of the margherita pizza.

2. Salma

: ....................................................................... .

Sama : I think the first plane was designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

C Reading Comprehension 5 Read the following, then answer the questions: A famous scientist lived with his wife, his two sons and a daughter.

He often forgot about his food when he was studying all day. His wife used to put some food in a place where he was sure to see it. One night, after he had been working very hard, he began to feel hungry.

He looked round the room. He saw some eggs in a small basket. At once, he decided to cook one of them. The scientist took the egg in one hand and his watch in the other. He went to the kitchen to cook the egg. As he was thinking of his work and not of his food, he put his watch in the pan thinking it was the egg. To his surprise, he found the egg in his hand.

A) Answer the following questions: 1. Why did the scientist forget about his food?

2. When did the scientist begin to feel hungry?

3. What did the scientist decide to cook?

288

............................... ............................... ...............................

Important discoveries

UNIT

17

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4. The scientist put the watch in the pan because he was thinking of his ..................... . a) family b) work c) food 5. The scientist saw the eggs in a small ..................... . a) basket b) pan c) nest

d) wife d) hand

D The Reader 6 A) Put the events into the correct order: Therefore, the thieves were digging a tunnel to steal the gold.

The bank was behind Mr Wilson’s shop.

The thieves planned to take the gold on Saturday.

When the tunnel was finished, they closed the Red-Headed League.

B) Answer the following questions: 1. What made Clay choose the idea for the Red-Headed League?

2. Why did Clay and Ross invent the job for the Red-Headed men?

3. Why do you think the job with the Red-Headed League was for men with red hair only?

4. Do you think that the questions Holmes asked about Spaulding helped him to solve the mystery? Why?

E

Vocabulary and Structure

7 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. My father is a/an ..................... . He looks for ancient things under the ground. a) architect b) archaeologist c) doctor d) professor 2. The first x-ray ..................... by a German doctor, Wilhelm Rontgen, in 1895. a) was taken b) taken c) was taking d) took 289

UNIT

17

3. I always use ..................... to wash my hands. a) wood b) wool c) soup d) soap 4. The metro in Cairo was ..................... in 1987. a) build b) building c) built d) builds 5. That statue is the ..................... one. All the others are copied. a) origin b) original c) tradition d) traditional 6. The first sandals ..................... made of papyrus. a) were b) are c) do d) have 7. Before electricity, ..................... were used for light. a) windmills b) lights c) candles d) sandals 8. Dinner ..................... by my sister. a) was cooking b) is cooking c) cooked d) is cooked

8 Read and correct the underlined words: 1. Soap is made by the ancient Egyptians. (.................)

WB 2. Windmills are inventing in the ninth century. (.................)

WB 3. I can’t see in the dark. Please, lit a candle. (.................)

4. Mr Ramzy used to write down history. He was a great historic. (.................)

9 Write a paragraph of SIX (6) sentences on: “Important discovery” .................................................................................................................................................................... ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ www.aladwaa.com .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................

‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ www.aladwaa.com

www.aladwaa.com ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬

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