Europe Ko NepaliPatra Issue 51 by Global NepaliPatra Print Edition

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NEPALIPATRA

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a]nfot / c:6]«]lnofaf6 Ps;fy k|sflzt Published simultaneously from Europe and Australia

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Year 9, Issue 51, 21 - 27 July 2015

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pNn]v 5 . t/, cWoIf sF8]nn] eg], …xfdLn] cgf}krfl/s ?kdf t cfO;L;L;Fu s'/f ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ca kq n]v]/ klg cfu|x u5f}{ . o's]sf] ljz]if kl/l:ylt ;fyLx?n]

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u/L ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o'ss ] f] olx ljz]if kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cfO;L;LnfO{ ;]K6]Da/ @) sf} clwj];gsf nflu slGeG; ug]{ Pgcf/Pg o'ss ] f] of]hgf 5 . 

21 - 27 July 2015

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sf]iffWoIfdf o'jf Joj;foL >]i7n] pDd]bjf/L lbg] n08g÷a]nfotsf Ps ;kmn o'jf Joj;foL lbks >]i7n] Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] sf]iffWoIf kbdf pDd]bjf/L lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g . Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] jt{dfg sfo{;ldltdf ;b:o /x]sf >]i7n] ;+:yfsf] cfly{s kIfnfO{ kf/bzL{ / ljjfb/lxt agfpg] k|lta4tf;lxt pDd]bjf/L 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g . …Pgcf/Pg h:tf] ul/dfdo ;+:yfk|lt klg clxn] ;j{;fwf/0fx?df z+sf, cljZjf; pTkGg x'g' b'ef{Uosf] s'/f xf],Ú >]i7 eG5g\, …of] ;a} ;d:ofsf] s]Gb| ljGb'd} cfly{s kIf 5 . d}n] sf]iffWoIfsf] e"ldsfaf6 ltg} cfz+sf / cljZjf; x6fpg rfxG5' .Ú slknj:t' ;dfh o's]sf cWoIf ;d]t /x]sf >]i7 ;fdflhs sfdx?df klg lgs} cu|;/ cu'jfsf /kdf lrlgG5g\ . e"sDk kLl8tsf] ;xof]ufy{ pgs} ;+of]hgdf ;dfhn] bzf}+ nfvsf] /fxt g]kfn k7fPsf] lyof] . g]kfn kmf]/df ;x–sf]iffWoIfsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf >]i7 cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL snfsf/ ;f];fO6Lsf pkfWoIf klg x'g\ . >]i7n] a]nfotdf /]i6'/G] 6, ka, Sof; P08 Sof/Lnufotsf Joj;fo ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . …Pgcf/Pg cleofgsf ;xsdL{ ;fyLefO{ / z'elrGtsx?sf] ;'emfjdf Pgcf/Pg o'ss ] f] sf]iffWoIfdf pDd]bjf/L lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5' . ;a}sf ;Nnfx, ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5',Ú pgn] eg] . 

;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf o"s]sf a]nfotdf kb\d;'Gb/ nfjtLsf] :d[lt;ef kqsf/n] k7fP ;'emfj n08g÷g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 a]nfot zfvfn] k|:tfljt ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf /fo ;'emfj k]z u/]sf] 5 . n08gl:yt g]kfnL b"tfjf;dfkm{t ;+ljwfg;ef cWoIf ;'ef;rGb| g]DjfªnfO{ ;'emfj k7fOPsf] xf] . a'waf/ zfvf cwoIf lr/g zdf{ g]t[Tjsf] 6f]nL b"tfjf; k'u]/ sfo{jfxs /fhb"t t]haxfb'/ If]qLnfO{ ;'emfj x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . 6f]nLdf al/i7 pkfWoIf g/]z vkfªuL, kfif{bx? ?k]z l;njfn, kml8Gb| e§/fO{, lbg]z kl/of/, kqsf/åo /l~ht a:g]t / gf/fo0f 9'+ufgf lyP . zfvfn] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf :jtGqtf / cfd;~rf/sf] xs;DaGwL Joj:yfdf c;xdlt /fVb}+ ;+zf]wgsf nflu ;'emfj k]z u/]sf] 5 . zfvfn] ;+ljwfg;efn] gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf xfl;n u/]sf] k|ultsf] :jfut u/]sf] 5 .

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cWoIf zdf{n] k|:tfljt ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ;+zf]wg ul/g'kg]{ ljifodf k|sfz kf/]sf lyP . zfvfn] ;'emfj x'ax' :jLsf/ u/L gofF ;+ljwfgnfO{ k|]; tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtf d}qL agfpg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . 

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d'5]qsf] ;dy{gdf sdn u'?ªsf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ n08g÷Pgcf/Pg o's]sf cWoIf kbsf nflu r'gfj n8g] 3f]if0ff u/]sf td'lw+ o's]sf k"j{ cWoIf sdn u'?ªn] cfkm\gf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] kbsf nflu td'lw+ o's]s} csf{ k"j{ cWoIf d'5]q u'?ªnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ pgn] cfkmgf] pDd]bjf/Laf6 kl5 x6\g] lg0f{o u/]sf x'g\ . o;cl3 b'j} k"j{ cWoIfn] Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] cWoIf kbdf r'gfj n8\g] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 Ps hgfsf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ u/fpg td'lw+ o's]leq kxn ePsf]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx k|of]hgsf nflu b'O{ r/0fdf ePsf] 5nkmnkl5 cGttM a'waf/ u'?ª kl5 x6\g] lg0f{odf k'u]sf lyP .

…Pp6} ;+:yfsf b'j} k|ltlgwL r'gfj n8\bf /fd|f] ePg eGg] ;a}sf] dt eof],Ú lsg pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ ug'{eof] eGg] g]kfnLkqsf] k|Zgdf u'?ªn] eg], …Pshgf lkmtf{ x'g] eGg]

;a}sf] ;Nnfx eof] . d'5]qhLn] d}n]eGbf klxn] g} pDd]bjf/L 3f]if0ff ul/;Sg'ePsfn] klg d cfkm} kl5 x6]/ pxfFnfO{ ;3fpF5' eg]sf] x'F .Ú o;cl3 Pgcf/Pg o's]leqsf]

cfly{s ljjfbaf/] 5fglag ug{ ul7t ;ldltsf] ;+of]hssf ?kdf sfd ubf{ ;+:yfleqsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ a9L a'em\g] df}sf kfPsf] eGb} ltg} ;d:of ;'Nemfpg] p2]Zon] pgn] pDd]bjf/L lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . o;}aLr cfkm\gf] ;dy{gdf sdn u'?ªn] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnPkl5 cWoIf kbsf k|Tof;L d'5q] u'?ªn] v'zL JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] g]kfnLkqnfO{ eg], …;a} ;Fusf] 5nkmn / ;Nnfxdf bfOn] dnfO{ ;3fpg] lg0f{o ug'e{ of] . o;af6 d yk pT;flxt ePsf] 5' .Ú pgn] cWoIf kbsf c? pDd]bjf/;Fu klg 5nkmn ub}{ hfg] / o:t} ;dembf/L ;a};uF aGg] ljZjf; ;d]t JoQm u/] . 

cWoIf uh]Gb| nfjtLn] :juL{o nfjtLsf] lhjgL k9]/ ;'gfP . To:t} :juL{o nfjtLsf HjfO{ 8f= cg]s u'?ª, 8+usf:6/ g]kfnL sDo'lg6Lsf cWoIf g/jL/ cfªuaf], k"j{ cWoIf v'd cfn], ltnljqmd

nfjtLnufotn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf :juL{o nfjtLsf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ u/] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;+3 cfa4 xl/axfb'/ nfjtLn] u/]sf lyP . 

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21 - 27 July 2015

a]nfotsf g]jf/x?sf] a[xt e]nf cui6 @( df n08g÷kf;fk'r u'7L o's]n] cfpFbf] cui6 @( tfl/vsf lbg /]l8ªdf a[xt g]jf d'gf e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . x/]s b'O{ jif{df cfof]hgf x'g] of] a[xt e]nfdf a]nfotsf ljleGg If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ g]jf/ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /xG5 . e]nfdf ljleGg g]jf/L kl/sf/sf] k|j4{g, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] k|:t'lt;Fu} cfkm\ gf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] xfl;n u/]sf ;kmntfx?sf nflu ;Ddfg ug]{ ul/G5 . klxnf] k6s ;g\ @))( df n08gdf cfof]hgf ePsf] of] e]nf To;kl5 ;g\ @)!! df cN8/;6 / ;g\ @)!# df Kndl:68df cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] . e]nf kf;f k'r o's]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmd ePklg If]qLo ;ldltn] ;+of]hg ug]{ k/Dk/fcg';f/ o; k6ssf] e]nf /]l8ª zfvfn] ;+of]hg ug]{ kf;f k'r o's]sf dxf ;lrj lzjhL >]i7n] atfP . ut zlgaf/ a;]sf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] a}7sn] /]l8ª zfvf

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:jo+;]js kl/rfng ;ldlt ;+of]hs r'qaxfb'/ >]i7, ;x–;+of]hs lq/Tg t'nfw/, :jfut ;ldlt ;+of]hs hfgsL sfo:y / cltyL Joj:yfkg ;+of]hs /d]z >]i7 tf]lsPsf] d'n cfof]hs ;ldlt ;+of]hs >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . em08} Ps xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf a]nfotl:yt g]jf/ ;d'bfosf ;b:o ;xefuL x'g] e]nfdf pkl:yltsf

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nfld5fg]sf] sf]l/of]u|fkmL 5 . rnlrqsf] 5fofFsg aGbLk'/, uf]/vf;lxt sf7df8f}+ / cf;kf;sf /d0fLo :yfgx?df ul/Psf] lyof] . gfosbQsfcg';f/ ;a} pd]/sf bz{snfO{ x]g{sf nflu pko'Qm …tLg 3'DtLÚ Ps snfTds rnlrq xf] . rnlrqdf JolQmut / /fhgLlts hLjgaLr ;Gt'ng ug{ ;+3if{ ul//x]sf Ps /fhgLlt1sf] syf 5 . 

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n08g÷uf]vf{ ;Tofu|x ;+3if{ ;ldlt g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ngdf o'jfx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\g] p4]Zon] la|l6z uf]vf{ o'jf ;+3 g]kfn u7g u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+df a;]sf] ;ldltsf] ljz]if a}7sn]

dxf;lrj ;f]gf lnDa', ;lrj k|ef yfkf / sf]iffWoIf lbns'df/L lnDa' rog ePsf 5g\ . ;+3sf] ;b:ox?df eg] kfj{tL yfkfdu/, lglDbsL z]kf{, 8Da/ /fO{ / pdf u'?ª 5g\ . ;+3 u7gsf] nflu ljz]if kxn u/]sf ;Tofu|x g]kfnsf k|jQmf tyf e"k" ;}lgs dxf;+3 g]kfnsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf lxdfn /fO{n] jiff}{b]lv hf/L uf]vf{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ z}lIfs, af}l4s Pj+ k|fljlws ?kdf klg ;zQm agfpg] p4]Zon] ;+3 u7g ePsf] atfP . ;+3 u7g ePnuQ} ;DkGg sfo{;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sn] ;+3sf] sfo{If]q tyf p4]Zo lgwf{/0f;Fu} g]kfndf /x]sf uf]vf{sf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug]{, gful/stf lg/Gt/tfsf] cfGbf]ngdf P]Soa4tf;lxt ;xefuL x'g] nufotsf lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . 

n08g÷pBf]uklt c?0fs'df/ rf}w/Ln] ;xf/f o's]nfO{ !) nfv ?k}ofF ;xof]u u/]sf 5g . ;xf/f o's]sf ;+/Ifs ;d]t /x]sf rf}w/Lsf] ;Ddfgdf Snan] a]nfotd} u/]sf] sfo{qmddf pgn] ;f] ;xof]usf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . e" s Dk k| e fljt If] q df ljBfno ejg lgdf{ 0 f ul/lbg] ;xf/fsf] k| f ] h ] S 6df ;f] /sd vr{ x' g ] 5 . kmfg{ a | f ] l :yt uf] v f{ Kofn] ; /] i 6' / ] G 6df ul/Psf] sfo{ q mddf rf} w /L;F u } pgsL >LdtL lznf rf} w /L / 5f] / fx? s/0f rf} w /L / ;' o { x f+ u rf} w /LnfO{ ;d] t Snan] ;Ddfg u/of] . Snasf tkm{af6 cWoIf

lblnk u'?ªn] pgLx?nfO{ vfbf cf]9fPsf lyP . ;xf/f o's]sf dxf;lrj s'df/ u'?ªn] ;~rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmddf cWoIf u'?ªn] Snasf] cj:yf tyf kl5Nnf ultljwLaf/] hfgsf/L u/fP . pgn] cN8/;6 6fpg km'6an Sna;Fusf] ;xsfo{ ;'? ePsf] , kf]v/fdf ;xf/f Ps]8]dLsf] ejg lgdf{0f k'/f ePsf] nufotsf k|;+u pNn]v u/] . pgn] e"sDk kLl8t ufpF tyf ljBfnox?sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{sf nflu g]kfndf pko'Qm 7fpFx? vf]hL eO/x]sf] eGb}+ cfly{s ;+of]hgsf nflu pkfWoIf dLgaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ ;+of]hs tf]lsPsf] klg hfgsf/L u/fP .

;+/Ifs rf}w/Ln] ;xf/fsf] sfdx?af6 cfkm" lgs} v'zL ePsf] eGb} cfkmgf] P]Soa4tf :j?k !) nfv ?k}ofFsf] ;xof]u lbPsf] atfP . ;+/Ifs tyf k"j{ cWoIf gjLg u'?ªn] e"sDk kLl8tsf nflu o;cl3 ;+slnt /fxt tyf ;xof]u g]kfn k'¥ofP/ ljt/0f eO;s]sf] atfP . sfo{qmddf Pgcf/Pg o's]sf k"j{ cWoIf ;'o{ u'?ª, td'lw+ o's]sf cWoIf /fdrGb| ;'h]{ u'?ª, pkfWoIf 1fd u'?ª, ;xf/f km'6an Snasf cWoIf xl/ s'df/ >]i7, d'Vo ;Nnfxsf/ dx]z u'?ªnufot ;xf/f sna cfa4 ;b:ox?sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . m  afr:klt /]UdL

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g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ …b la|l6; sn]hÚsf klxnf] Aofrsf ljBfyL{ Uo|fh'P6 cfo/Nof08df b"tfjf;sf] sfo{qmd n08g÷dxfe"sDkkl5 ;':tfPsf] g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ p4]Zon] n08gl:yt g]kfnL b"tfjf;n] cfo/Nof08df Ps ljz]if sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . e"sDkkl5sf] cj:yfdf klg ljb]zL

ko{6ssf nflu g]kfn 3'Dg of]Uo / ;'/lIft 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg ;f] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfhsf] ;+of]hgdf ;f]daf/ /fhwfgL 8lAngdf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltyLsf] ?kdf 8lAng n8{ d]o/ sfplG;n/ u|]u s]NnL ;xefuL ePsf lyP . sfo{qmddf a]nfot tyf cfo/Nof08sf nflu sfo{jfxs g]kfnL /fhb"t t]haxfb'/ If]qLn] e"sDkkl5sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ko{6g;DaGwL cjwf/0ff k|:t't u/] .

pgn] ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ g]kfn 3'Dgsf nflu of]Uo 5}g eGg] e|d x6fpg] sfo{df ;xof]usf nflu cfu|x u/] . e"sDkkl5sf] /fxt tyf k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cfo/No08sf] ;/sf/ tyf hgtfaf6 ePsf] ;xof]usf nflu

pgn] wGojfb 1fkg u/] . g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfhsf cWoIf lbk]zdfg zfSon] e"sDksf sf/0f !% k|ltzt ko{6sLo :yn dfq} k|efljt ePsf] tYo Ps lk|h]G6];gdfkm{t k|:t't u/] . afFsL ;a} 7fpF 3'Dgsf nflu of]Uo / ;'/lIft /x]sf] atfpFb}+ pgn] zL3| g]kfn e|d0fsf] of]hgf agfpg ;a}df ckLn u/] . sfo{qmddf cfo/Nof08sf k"j{ ljb]z /fHodGqL ;d]t /x]sf ;f+;b hf] sf]:6]nf]n] g]kfnnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]usf nflu ;/sf/ / ;+;bdf

kxn ug]{ cfZjf;g lbP . Pln;g Olj{gn] ;~rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmddf 8lAngsf k"j{ n8{ d]o/ sfplG;n/ tyf o"/f]k]nL ;+;bsf ;b:o Pd/ sf]:6]nf], n8{ d]o/ sfplG;n/

u|]u s]NnLnufotn] g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu cfkm"x?n] JolQmut ?kdf ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ cfZjf;g lbb} ;/sf/L ;xof]usf nflu klg kxn ug]{ jrg lbP . g]kfn cfo/Nof08 ;dfhsf dxf;lrj u+uf/fd sF8]nn] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ sfo{qmdn] g]kfn e|d0f ug]{ cfOl/; ko{6ssf] ;+Vof a9fpg] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . b"tfjf;n] o;cl3 ut dlxgf klg cfo/Nof08df Ps ko{6g k|j4{g sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . 

…b la|l6; sn]hÚ sf7df8f}}+sf ljBfyL{ s/0f rf}w/L …Uo|fh'P6Ú ePsf 5g\ . pgL !% h'nfO{df … Uo|fh'P6Ú ePsf x'g\ . o;}u/L sn] hsf r]tgf zdf{, /fx'n k/fh'nL, ?ljgrGb| dxh{g / ;'bt ah|frfo{ …kf]:6Uo|fh'P6Ú ePsf 5g\ . pgLx? ut !^ h'nfO{df …kf]:6Uo|fh'P6Ú ePsf x'g\ . ;a} ljBfyL{x? …b la|l6; sn] hÚ sf7df8f}}+Úsf klxnf] Aofrsf ljBfyL{ x'g\ . pgLx?n] …b la|l6; sn]hÚ sf7df8f}}+af6 sf];{ k'/f u/]

sf lyP . gf]j]Da/df ;'? x'g] cfufdL z}lIfs ;qdf w]/} ljBfyL{ cfpg] sn] h n] ck] I ff u/] s f] 5 . sn] h n] Uo| f h' P 6 ePsf ljBfyL{x?sf] nflu cfufdL ;]K6] Da/df sf7df8f}+df 5'6\6} sfo{qmd ug{] atfPsf] 5 . Uo|fh'P6 ePsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ o' l ge;L{ 6 L ckm bL j] : 6 ckm Oª\ N of08sf s' n ktL ;/ Oofg s?y{;, pks'nktL :6Le j]:6 / ;xpks'nktL hfg x]l/ª6n] klg

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u'NdLsf] ljBfnonfO{ e08f/Lsf] ;xof]u n08g÷u'NdL lhNnf ;dfh o's]sf k"j{ pkfWoÔ Pj+ jt{dfg ;Nnfxsf/ df]tL/fh e08f/Ln] u[x lhNnf u'NdL ?kfsf]6sf] Ps ljBfnonfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . ?kfsf]6–! , Dofn kf]v/fl:yt 3/ k'u]sf] a]nf :yfgLo zf/bf dfWolds ljBfnonfO{ e08f/Ln] ! nfv %! xhf/ ! ;o %! ?k}of“ cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf x'g\ . ;f] ljBfnonfO{ pRrdflj agfpg e08f/Ln] pQm /sd ;xof]u u/]sf] atfP . cfkm" a]nfotdf /x“bf To; ljBfnon] ut df3df ;DkGg u/]sf] :j0f{ dxf]T;jsf] cj;/df cfkm\gf efO{ uf]s'nk|;fb e08f/L dfkm{t pQm ;xof]u /sd 3f]È0ff u/]sf pgn] ut dlxgf g]kfnuPsf] a]nf ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ . e08f/Lsf :juL{o lktf lbjfs/ e08f/L To; ljBfnosf ;+:yfks lyP . ut df3 !! b]lv !% ut] ;Dd dgfOPsf] :j0f{ dxf]T;jsf] cj;/df ;+:yfks

e08f/LsL wd{ kTgL e'dsnf e08f/Ln] ;d]t pgsf] :d[ltdf ;xof]u u/]sL lyOg . e08f/Ln] ;f]lx ljBfnosf] sKo'6/ sÔfdf OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwf / cGo ef}lts ljsf;sf nflu yk ;xof]u ug]{ of]hgf ;d]t agfPsf 5g\ . u'NdL lhNnf ;dfh o's]df /x]/ e08f/Ln] u'NdL lhNnfsf] lzÔf, :jf:Yo ,ckfªu c;fxo

/ cGo ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofp“b}+ cfPsf 5g\ . e08f/Ln] g]kfn k'u]/ e"sDk kLl8tsf nflu u'NdL lhNnf ;dfh o's]sf tkm{af6 /fxt ljt/0fdf ;d]t ;lqmo eP/ nfu]sf lyP . u'NdL lhNnf ;dfhsf] ;+:yfksx? dWo]sf Ps pgL sfo{sf/L e"ldsfdf g/x]klg ;dfhdf pgsf] ;lqmotf eg] cem} 36]sf] 5}g\ . 

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n08g÷Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] clwj];gsf nflu em08} b'O{ dlxgf dfq afFsL /xFbf r'gfjL ;/udL{n] a]nfotsf] g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ klg ttfpFb}+ nu]sf] 5 . cWoIf kbsf nflu cfwf bh{g a9Ln] pDd]bjf/L lbg] 3f]if0ff ul/;Sbf jt{dfg sfo{;ldltsf dxf;lrj /fhs'df/ lqkf7Ln] klg yk Ps sfof{sfnsf nflu dxf;lrj kbd} r'gfj n8\g] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . …d}n] ^ dlxgf dfq Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] dxf;lrjsf ?kdf sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfP“ . s]xL u5'{ eGg] dfG5]nfO{ of] ;do

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e]63f6 u/]sf lyP . ljBfyL{;Fusf] e]63f6df sn]hsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t -;LO{cf]_ /fh]g sF8]nsf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] . s' n ktL Oofgn] g] k fndf cfP s f] e" s Dk s f a fa h ' t ;kmntfk" j { s plQ0f{ ePsf] d f ljBfyL{x?sf] k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . s'nktL Oofgn] pRr Ifdtf ePsf ljBfyL{ la|:6f]ndf cfPsf] df uj{ dx;'; ePsf] atfP . pgn] la|l6; sn]h;Fu ePsf] ;xsfo{nfO{ cem dha't agfpg] klg atfP .

yf]/} xf]Ú, cfkm\gf] pDd]bjf/L lbg] lg0f{oaf/] lqkf7Ln] eg], …w]/} cw'/f sfd k"/f ug{ af“sL 5 . u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3 o's]nfO{ ;+:yfut agfpg] cleofg ePsfn] csf]{ sfo{sfndf ;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{odf k'u]sf] x'F .Ú Pgcf/Pgleq lehg ePsf g]tfx?sf] sdL /x]sf] eGb} lqkf7Ln] cfkm\gf] cWoog, g]kfn tyf a]nfotdf kfPsf] sfd ug]{ cj;/ tyf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfdf nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] ;+nUgtfaf6 lnPsf] cg'ej Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] lxtdf ;b'kof]u ug]{ rfxgf ePsf] atfP . ljut !@ jif{b]lv a]nfotd}

a:b} cfPsf lqkf7L k]zfn] Ol~hlgo/ x'g\ . lqkf7Ln] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 s:G6«S;g k|f]h]6 l8hfOg Dofg]hd]G6df :gfsf]Q/ u/]sf 5g\ . pgL g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt a]nfotsf] dxfdGqL, olt g]kfnL P;f]l;o;g o's], sf]8fs, PgaL;L o's]nufot cfwf bh{geGbf a9L ;+3;+:yfdf ;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf ;d]t ;lqmo 5g\ . xfn;fn} g]kfndf cfPsf] dxfe"sDkkl5 Pgcf/Pg o's]sf] tkm{af6 g]kfndf ul/Psf] /fxt ljt/0f klg lqkf7Ls} ;+of]hgdf ul/Psf] lyof] . 

Krishna Prasad Dahal FCCA, FCA (India), Registered Auditor Partner at Focus Tax Accountants LLP Chartered Accountants www.focusaccountants.co.uk Premier House, Suite 406, 1 Canning Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA3 7TS Tel: 0208 8930 6861, Mobile: 07703510739 & Audit Partner at Synergy Accountancy LLP www.synergyaccountancy.com Berkeley Square House, Mayfair, London, W1J 6BD our audit registration can be viewed at www.auditregister.org.uk, under reference number 2785367

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;+ljwfg agfpg] s'Ded]nf o:tf] nfU5, g]kfndf oltv]/ ;+ljwfgsf] d]nf nfu]sf] 5 . uNnL uNnL÷rf]s rf]sdf ;+ljwfgsf] ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . hftLo ;+u7gx? h'd/{' fPsf 5g\ . x/]s kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] d'4fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf 5g\ . ;fpg] em/Ldf klg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? tyf ;ef;b\x? ufpFufpFdf k'us ] f 5g\ . kxf8 xf];\ of lxdfn of t/fO{ g} lsg gxf];\, ;a}lt/ ;+ljwfgsf] ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . ;ef;b\x? hgtfnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] dxTj a'emfO/x]sf 5g\ . /, hgtfn] klg cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg] df}sf kfPsf 5g\ . ;fpg÷ebf}sf] j]df};ddf klg ;+ljwfgsf] ahf/ tft]sf] b]Vbf nfU5, ca g]kfndf ;+ljwfg s'g} tTj ljz]ifn] /f]s/] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . ca d'ns ' df ;+ljwfg ckl/xfo{ ljifoj:t' eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg s:tf] agfpg] < slt k|bz ] /fVg] < ;+3Lotfdf hftLo ;jfn s] x'g] < l;df+sg s;/L ug]{ < ofjt s'/fdf g]kfnL zLif{ /fhgLlts txdf df]6fdf]6L ;xdtL eO;s]sf] 5 . oBkL, ToxL s'/f hgtfaf6 cg'df]bg ug{ dfggLo ;ef;b\x? hgtfaf6 /fo–;Nnfx lnO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df hgtfaf6 /fo–;Nnfx lnP/ ;+ljwfg aGg nfu]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf] . en} ufpF:t/df cfPsf ;LdfGts[t cfjfhx? ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s;/L ;+jf]wg x'G5, Tof] x]g{ afsL g} 5 . t/ klg ;'vb\ kIf of] 5 ls, ufpF, 6f]x / ;x/df ;+ljwfgdf oL j:t' x'gk} 5{ eg]/ hgtfn] v'n/] af]Ng] df}sf kfPsf 5g\ . s;}n] wd{ lg/k]Iftf eg]/ cfjfh p7fPsf 5g\ eg] s;}n] ;+ljwfgd} ;gftg lxGb' wd{ x'gk' 5{ eg]/ dfu /flv/x]sf 5g\ . nf]stflGqs cEof;df hf];s ' n } ] cfkm\gf ;'emfj jf km/s dt /fVg kfpF5g\ . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb+} klg Psyl/ ;d"x clxn] ahf/df NofPsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfnfO{ RofTg]÷hnfpg] sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ . s]xL l56k'6sf 36gfafx]s clxn];Dd To:tf] csNkgLo b'36{ gfsf] ;dfrf/ ;'Gg' k/]sf] 5}g . /, ef]lnsf lbgdf ;'Gg' klg gk/f];\ . lsgeg], ljZjs} Oltxf;df km/s dt jf u'gf;f]sf] cfjfhlag} ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 36gf 5}g\ . t/, lj/f]wsf :j/x?nfO{ klg ;+ljwfgdf ;+jf]wg ug]{ k|of; ug{' g} clxn]sf] pko'Qm dfu{ xf] . )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ tTsfnLg cj:yfsf] ;fgf] kf6L{ g]skf dzfnsf] cfjfh gx'Fbf d'ns ' n] !) jif]{ åGå ef]Ug' k/]sf] tLtf] Oltxf; xfd|} ;fd' 5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof s]jn s'Ded]nf dfq gagf];,\ ;fy{s lgrf]8 l5§} ;'Gg kfOof];\ . xfd|f] clu|d z'esfdgf .

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21 - 27 July 2015

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Xbo3ftsf] sf/0f / pkrf/ s:tf] rfprfp ;~rf/sdL{ ;~hLj l3ld/]sf] Åbof3ftsf] sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf] va/n] :tAw agfof] . d :jod\ o;sf] l;sf/ ePsf]n] x[bof3ft;DaGwL s] s:tf] x'g] dnfO{ k|ToIf cg'ej 5 . To;}n] x[bof3ft s] xf] < eg]/ hfgsf/L oxfF k|:t't ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] d"n p2]Zo eg]sf] Åbo3ftaf/] r]tgf hufpg' xf] . hlxn] klg …cfˆgf] :jf:Yosf] gDa/ hfgf}Ú+ eGg] cfu|x klg ug{ rfxG5' . xfdLn] cfˆgf] gfd, 7]ufgf, pd]/ cflb yfxf ePh:t} cfˆgf] /Qmrfk, sf]n:] 6«fn ] , /utdf lrgLsf] dfqf yfxf kfpg' h?/L 5 . o; cg'¿k hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . :j:Yos/ hLjgz}nLsf] Go"gtd 1fg lng' klg cfjZos x'G5 . cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] Oltxf;df d'6/' f]u 5 eg] To:tf] JolQmn] ;dodf c¿ ;fjwfgL x'gk' 5{ . Åbo3ftsf] nIf0f 5ftLsf] aLr efudf Psbd b'Vg], 5ftLdf ;fwf/0f c;lhnf] cg'ej x'G5 . b'vfO rflxF Psbd u?ª\uf] of sl:;Psf] x'G5 . b'vfO kfv'/f, 3f6L, uw{g, k5fl8 efu of e'8F Ldf klg ;g{ ;S5 jf 3fF6L, a+uf/f, kfv'/f of e'8F Ldf dfq} c;/ ug{ ;S5 . Åbo3ft eO/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ kl;gf cfpg], 6fpsf] xn'u+ f] x'g,] jfGtf cfpg] of ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] klg x'G5 . slxn]sfxL+ Åbo3ft …zfGtÚ x'G5 / o;n] sd c;'ljwf dx;'; x'G5 . h:t} sf]xL dfG5]x¿nfO{ 5ftL b'Vg olt sd x'G5 ls 8fS6/sxfF hfFbg} g\ . c¿ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ubf{ w]/} ;dokl5 yfxf x'g ;S5 cyjf lgoldt :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ubf{ dfq Åbof3ft ePsf] eGg] kQf nfU5 . s;}nfO{ Åbof3ft eO/x]sf] 5 eg] t'?Gt PDa'n]G; of c:ktfn k'Ug'k5{ . w]/} dfG5]x¿ PDa'nG] ; af]nfpg s'bf{ of c:ktfn hfg l9nf] u/] hLjg hf]lvddf k5{ . Åbof3ft lbg, /ft h'g;'s} a]nfdf klg x'g ;S5 sfd ul//x]sf] a]nfdf of To;} cf/fd u/]sf] a]nfdf klg . Åbo3ft ePkl5 tkfO{s + f] zl//n] gf]S;fg ePsf] d'6s ' f] d;N;df vt cfpF5 . o;sf nflu s]xL lbgb]lv dlxgf};+ Dd nfUg ;S5 . b'O{ tLg dlxgfleqdf Åbof3ft ePsf la/fdLx¿sf] d'6n ' ] Åbof3ft x'ge' Gbf klxn]sf] h:t} u/L sfd u5{, t/ sf]xL la/fdLx¿sf] d'6s ' f] d;n olt w]/} lau|s ] f] x'g ;S5 ls d'6n ' ] klxnfsf] h:tf] u/L /fd|f;] uF kDk ug{ ;Sb}g . o;n] ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] ysfO nfUg] / uf]nLufF7f ;'lGgg] x'g ;S5 . Åbof3ft Pp6f 8/nfUbf] cg'ej x'g ;S5 . olb tkfO{n + fO{ clxn]eGbf klxn] Psbd /fd|f] :jf:Yo lyof] eg] o;n] c¿ eo k}bf ug{ ;S5 . c:ktfndf x'bF fdf w]/} dfG5]x¿n] 8/fPsf] k|ltlqmof lbG5g\ . clg d]l;gx¿ / c:ktfnsf] glrlgFbf] jftfj/0fn] c¿ b'Mv / bb{ a9fpg ;S5 . dg{ b]lv 8/fpg', cyjf klxnfsf] h:t} ;Ifd x'g ;lSbgF eGg] kL/ x'G5, Åbo3ft eO;s]kl5 . 8fS6/n] lbPsf cf}iflwx¿ vfg] / :j:Yos/ hLjgofkg ug]{ xf] eg] hf]lvdnfO{ w]/} sd ug{ ;lsG5 . w]/} la/fdLx¿ / p;sf kl/jf/x¿ Åbo/f]u k'g:yf{kg s]G›df uPkl5 :j:Yos/ hLjgz}nLaf/] w]/} s'/fx¿ l;Sg] df}sf kfpF5g\ . Åbo3ft ePkl5 Jofofd ug{nfO{ cln ge{; eOG5, t/ d'6' Pp6f df+;k]zL xf] / z/L/sf c¿ df+;k]zL h:t} d'6n ' fO{ /fd|f] cj:yfdf /fVg Jofofd ug{k' 5{ . 8fS6/, g;{x¿n] s:tf] lsl;dsf] zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfk tkfO{s + f] nflu 7Ls x'G5 eg]/ ;Nnfx lbG5g\ . ;'?df sd lqmofsnfk ug]{ / la:tf/la:tf/} alnof] / lgw{Ss ePkl5 Jofofd a9fpg] ;Nnfx lbG5g\ 8fS6/x¿ . Pshgf la/fdLnfO{ lbOPsf] ;'emfj c¿nfO{ km/s x'g ;S5 lsgeg] k|To]s la/fdL km/skm/s x'G5g\ . c:ktfnaf6 3/ uPkl5 Jofofd ;'rf? ¿kdf /fVg' dxQ\jk"0f{ s'/f xf] lbOPsf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ rNg'k5{ . Åbof3ftkl5 c:ktfndf /xFbf, 3/df a:bf cfˆgf] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g u/] ljrf/ ug]{ df}sf kfOG5 . s'g} If]qdf kl/jt{g u/] Åbof3ft km]l/ x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 . hLjgz}nL kl/jt{gaf/] ;sf/fTds ;f]r agfpg' k5{ . w]/} la/fdLx¿nfO{ Åbo3ftkl5 klxnfsf] eGbf /fd|f] x'G5 . k|foM dfG5]x¿ Åbo3ft ePkl5 cfˆgf] k'/fg} sfddf kms{g] u5{g\ . xn'u+ f] lsl;dsf] sfd ePdf Åbof3ft ePsf] ^ xKtfkl5 sfddf kms{g ;lsG5 . c¿ dfG5]nfO{ cfˆgf] sfdsf] k|sl[ tdf k/ k5{ . 8fS6/ of g;{;uF of] ;DaGwL ;'emfj lng' pko'Qm x'G5 .

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8fS6/n] lbPsf cf}iflwx¿ vfg] / :j:Yos/ hLjgofkg ug]{ xf] eg] hf]lvdnfO{ w]/} sd ug{ ;lsG5 . w]/} la/fdLx¿ / p;sf kl/jf/x¿ Xbo/f]u k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|df uPkl5 :j:Yos/ hLjgz}nLaf/] w]/} s'/fx¿ l;Sg] df}sf kfpF5g\ . Åbo/f]u nfu]sf dfG5]sf >Ldfg\ >LdtLdf of}gaf/] k|foM cof]n ePsf x'G5g\ . Åbof3ft eO;s]kl5 k|foM dfG5]x¿ k'/fg} of}g lqmofsnfkdf kms{g ;S5g\ . c¿ zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfk h:t} of}g lqmofsnfkn] d'6s ' f] w8\sg / /Qmrfk a9fpF5 . o;n] d'6s ' f] sfo{ a9fpF5 / sf]/f]g/L d'6/' f]u ePsf] dfG5]nfO{ ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] eO{ 5ftL b'Vg] x'g ;S5 t/ zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ c¿ zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfk of Jofofd u/] hlt g} ;'/lIft x'G5 . Åbo3ft ePsf] dfG5]n] olb hl6ntf lagf g} lgsf] ePsf] 5 eg] Åbo3ft ePsf] b'O{ / tLg ;ftfkl5 of}g ;Dks{ ug{ ;S5g\ . Xbo/f]u a9fpg] tTjx¿ w'dk| fg :sf]/f]g/L d'6' /f]u nfUg'sf k|dv ' sf/0fdWo] w"dkfg Ps xf], o;n] Åbo3ft x'g] hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpF5 . Åbo3ft eO;s]sf] dfG5]n] w"dkfg 5f]8] csf]{ Åbof3ft eO{ dg]{ hf]lvdnfO{ sd u5{ . cfkmGtaf6 ;g]{ :sf]/f]g/L d'6/' f]u kl/jf/df ;g{ ;S5 . cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o h:tf] afa' cfdf, bfh', efO, lbbL aflxgL km'k", dfdf, ;fgLcfdf,

7"nLcfdfnfO{ o:tf] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 eg] o;sf hf]lvdsf tTjx¿nfO{ lgjf/0f ug{ s] ul/Psf] 5, of] klg dxQ\jk"0f{ sbd xf] . pRr /Qmrfk pRr /Qmrfkn] Åbo3ft / :6«fs ] x'g] hf]lvd a9fpF5 / o;n] ubf{ d'6s ' f df+;k]zLnfO{ Iflt x'G5 . To;sf/0f ;dodf pRr /QmrfknfO{ lgoGq0f ug{k' 5{ . jhg a9L x'g' :j:Yos/ jhg /fVgfn] /Qmrfk sd x'g] / d'6n ' fO{ sd sfd ug]{ agfpF5, o;n] sf]n:] 6«fn ] 36fpFb5 / dw'dx] sf] ljsf; x'g] hf]lvdnfO{ sd u/fpFb5. cfˆgf] prfO cg'¿ksf] jhg x'gk' 5{. lrGtf lrGtfsf] k|sl[ t / cy{ x/]s dflg;df km/s x'g ;S5 . Pp6f JolQmnfO{ ePsf] lrGtf csf]{ JolQmnfO{ gx'g ;S5 . s]xL lglZrt dfqfdf lrGtf x'g' cfjZos x'G5, o;n] xfd|f] hLjgdf sfd ug{ xf};nf / d2t k'¥ofpF5 . ta ;d:of k}bf x'G5 ha lrGtf xfd|f] jzaf6 aflx/ hfG5 . b}lgs af]emk"0f{ lqmofsnfkn] lbdfunfO{ lzlyn agfO{ dflg; ;+odaf6 b"/ ePsf] cj:yf ljz]if g} lrGtfu|:t kl/j]z xf] . lrGtf eof] egL w'dk| fg ug{,' af]/ nfUof] elg /S;L lkpg', cN5L nfUof]

Jofofdsf] sdL d'6' df+;k]zL ePsf]n] o;nfO{ :j:Yo /fVg Jofofdsf] h?/L k5{ . hf] dflg; zf/Ll/s lx;fadf lqmofzLn 5}g\ p;nfO{ lqmofzLn ePsf] dfG5]eGbf b'O{ u'gf a9L d'6/' f]u nfUg] x'g;S5 . pRr sf]n:] 6«fn] /utdf w]/} sf]n:] 6«fn ] ePdf o;n] d'6/' f]u nfUg] hf]lvd a9fpF5 . sf]n:] 6«fn ] a9fpg] d'Vo sfd lrNnf]n] u5{ . vf;u/L hgfj/af6 kfOg] lrNnf]n] cTolws sf]n:] 6«fn ] a9fpF5 . c:j:Yos/ vfgf kmnkm"n / ;AhLn] d'6n ' fO{ /fd|f] u5{ . Ps lbgdf slDtdf klg kfFr lsl;dsf ljleGg lsl;dsf kmnkm"n / t/sf/L vfg'k5{ . t]no'Qm df5f / cf]df]uf ;w}+ vfPdf sf]/f]g/L d'6' /f]unfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 / Åbof3ft ePsf dfG5]nfO{ arfpg ;xof]u u5{ . dw'dx] dw'dx] n] sf]/f]g/L d'6/' f]u nfUg] hf]lvd k|an ¿kn] a9fpF5 . dw'dx] gePsf] dflg;nfO{ eGbf tkfO{n + fO{ b'O÷{ rf/ u'gf a9L d'6/' f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf a9\5 . d'6/' f]uaf6 aRg ckgfpg'kg]{ pkfo – d'6/' f]usf hf]lvdsf tTjx¿dfly Wofg lbof},+ sf]n]:6«f]n, /Qmrfk, /utdf lrgLsf] dfqf, cfˆgf] tf}nh:tfsf] cfˆgf] gDa/ hfgf}+ . o;cg';f/ hLjgz}nL abnf}+ . – lbgdf ^ u|fdeGbf sd g'g vfcf}+ . – Jofofd u/f}+ / lqmofzLn xf]cf}+ . – dlb/f ;fjwfgLk"js { tf]lsPsf] kl/0ffd dfq lkpg'k5{ . – h?/L eP jhg 36fcf}+ . – w"dkfg Tofuf}+ – lrNnf] sd vfcf},+ hgfj/af6 kfOg] lrNnf]nfO{

w]/} sd u/f}+ . – lrGtfnfO{ ;dodf sd u/f}+ . – olb d'6/' f]usf hf]lvdsf tTjx¿ a9\5 eg] c¿ hLjgz}nL / vfgfdf k|oTg u/f}+ / 8fS6/nfO{ e]6f}+ . Xbof3ftsf nIf0f – 5ftL Psbd b'Vg], Psbd ;dfltPsf] h:tf] x'g] / Psbd u?ª\uf] x'g ;S5 . – b'vfO 5ftL, 3fF6L, kfv'/f, uw{g, k5fl8 e'8F Ldf x'g;S5 . – kl;gf cfpg], 6fpsf] xn'u+ f] x'g,] afGtf cfpg] / Zjf; lng ufx|f] x'g ;S5 . oL nIf0f eP s] ug]{ t < – h] sfd ul//xg' ePsf] 5, /f]lsg] . – a:g] / cf/fd ug]{ . – olb hLPg6L :k|] 5 eg] elgP adf]lhd lng] . olt ubf{ !% ldg]6leqdf klg b'vfO g/f]lsPdf t'?Gt PDa'nG] ; af]nfpg] c¿ gs'g{] . olb :k|] 5}g eg] zfGt eP/ !)÷!% ldg]6 a:g] / b'vfO eO/x]df t'?Gt PDa'nG] ; af]nfOxfNg] . olb Pl:k|gdf PnhL{ 5}g eg] (#) PdhLsf] Pl:k|g rkfpg] . Tof] gkfOPdf PDa'nG] ; gcfpGh]n cf/fdn] a:g] .  -n]vs g]lKnh xf6{ kmfpG8];g a]nfotsf cWoIf x'g_\

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NRNA UK PO BOX: 65476 LONDON SE7 9BP

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Bank Details: BARCLAYS BANK NRNA UK Sort code: 20-42-73 Account no.: 43997871

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21 - 27 July 2015

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21 - 27 July 2015

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===lsg aflxl/of] g]kfn < cl3Nnf] jif{ a+unfb]zdf ePsf] 6\jfG6L–@) ljZjskdf ;g;gLk"0f{ k|bz{g ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o 6\jfG6L–@) sf] dfGotf kfPsf] lyof] g]kfnn] . t/, o; k6s g]kfnn] Tof] 6\jfG6L–@) cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf nfh /fVg ;d]t ;s]g . g]kfn ljZj Sjflnkmfo/ klxnf] k6s k|j]z u/]sf gjk|j]zL l6dx?;Fu} k/flht eof] . Tof] k|bz{gn] g]kfnsf] ljZjsk ;kgf klg t' l xof] . ;d" x …PÚdf /x]sf] g]kfnn] 5gf]6df ;d"x r/0fdf cd]l/sfnfO{ dfq k/flht ug{ ;Sof] . To;kl5 g]kfn nuftf/ rf/ v]ndf k/fho eP;Fu} ;d"xsf] k'5f/df /x]/ k|ltof]lutfsf] kL8fbfoL cGTo ug{ afWo eof] . xf/sf] sf/0faf/] clxn] ljleGg sf] 0 fdf ljZn] i f0f x' g yfn] s f 5g\ . o:tf]df g]kfnL lqms]6 k|lzIfs ;fd;ªh+u yfkf g]kfnn] /0fgLlt agfP/ v]Ng g;Sbf ;d:of cfPsf] atfpF5g\ . xfn o"–!( lqms]6 l6d 5gf]6 lzlj/df d'Vo k|lzIfs hut 6fdf6fnfO{ ;3fO/x] s f k| l zIfs yfkfn] eg], …g]kfnL l6dn] ;fdfGo of]hgf klg agfpFg g;Sbf xfg{ afWo eof] . Ú ;d"x ljh]tf aGg] dfq xf]Og\, k|ltof]lutf g} lhTg] nIo /fv]sf] lyof] g]kfnn] . To;sf k5fl8 ef/tsf] lxdf~rn k|b]zdf ePsf] tof/L, OªNof08sf Sanx?;Fusf tof/L v]nx? / g]b/Nof8\;;Fusf] 6\jfG6L–@) cGt/f{li6«o l;l/hsf] cg' e jnfO{ pkflw lhTg] sf/0f dflgPsf] lyof] . t/, g]kfn ;d"x r/0faf6} 3/ kmls{of] . cflv/ lsg eof] g]kfnsf] nHhf:kb k/fho < g]b/Nof08;Fusf] l;l/hnfO{ pkof]u ug{ g;Sg' g]kfnn] 6\jfG6L–@) ljZjskcl3 g]b/Nof08;Fu rf/ Dofrsf] 6\jfG6L–@) cGt/f{li6«o l;l/h v]n]sf] lyof] . h'g l;l/h g] k fnn] #–! n] u' d fof] . km/s sl08;gdf v]lnPsf] of] l;l/h g]kfnsf nflu lzIff x'g ;SYof] . h'g 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu /0fgLlt agfpg pkof]uL x'g ;SYof] . t/, g]kfnn] g]b/Nof08\;;Fusf] Dofrdf k|fKt cg'ejnfO{ /0fgLlt agfpg pkof]u ug{ ;s]g\ . Aofl6ª c8{/ / alnª nfOgcknfO{ klg g]kfnn] ;]6 ug{ ;s]g / k6s–k6s kl/jt{g ul//x\ of] . h;sf sf/0f s] x L km\ n k Aof6\;Dofgx?nfO{ bf]xf]l//x] eg] s]xLn] df}sf kfPgg\ . Aofl6ª c8{/ / cf]klgª hf]8Ldf v]nlkR5] u/]sf] kl/jt{g x]bf{ nfUYof] g]kfn cEof; v]n v]Nb}+5 . k|ltof]lutfsf nflu an/ / Aof6;Dofgx?sf] kl/If0f ub}{5 . To;sf] a]kmfObf g]kfnn] s'g} klg Aof6;Dofgaf6 nfe lng ;s]g . 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] clGtd v]ndf 8]Ao'sf u/fOPsf l;4fGt nf]xgLnfO{ g]b/Nof08\; lj?4sf] l;l/hdf df}sf glbg' g]kfnL l6dsf] uNtL 7fGg]x? klg 5g\ . k|lzIfs yfkfn] klg l;4fGtnfO{ df} s f glbg'sf] sf/0f cfkm"n] ga'em]sf] atfP . …ef/tdf ePsf] k|lzIf0fb]lv g} pgnfO{ df}sf lbg kYof]{,Ú yfkfn] eg], …t/, clGtd v]ndf dfq df}sf

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lbOof], s] sf/0fn] xf] d}n] a'eg ;s] s f] 5} g .Ú /fli6« o 6f] n Lsf d'Vo k|lzIfs k'a'b' bf;fgfos]n] eg] l;4fGtnfO{ gv]nfOg'df pgL cem} kl/kSj gePsf] bfaL k] z u/]sf lyP . o:t} g] b /Nof08lj?4sf] l;l/hdf wfl/nf] alnª ug{ g;s]sf s/0f s];Lsf] ljsNk vf]Hg g;Sbf klg g]kfnL 6LdnfO{ ufx|f] k/]sf] yfkfsf] a'emfO 5 . alnªdf ;f]dkfnn] cf]klgª hf]8L g} kfPgg\ . …s/0fsf] Osf]gf]dL /]6 w]/} x'Fbf pgsf] ljsNk vf]Hg' kYof{],Ú yfkfn] eg], …pgsf] :yfgdf Aofl6ª ug{ ;Sg] v]nf8L /fv]sf] eP g]kfnsf] vftfdf /g a9\g ;SYof] .Ú cj:yf slt;Dd aGof] eg] sKtfg kf/; v8\sf cfkm} cf]klgª alnªdf cfpg'k¥of] .

ækfj/Kn]’sf] pkof]u ePg ha a] n kmf:6 / 8lAng u| f p08df g] k fnL Aof6;Dofg Aofl6ª ul//x]sf x'Gy] . Tolta]nf nfUYof], g]kfn Pslbj;Lo jf 6]i6 v]Nb}+5 . g]kfnn] cfqmfds lqms]6 ;+/rgf 6\jfG6L–@) v]ln/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'g} nIf0f g]kfnL Aofl6ªdf b]lvb}+GYof] . cj:yf slt;Dd gfh's lyof] b'O{ lkmN8/dfq ;s{nsf] aflx/ /xFbf klg g] k fnL Aof6;Dofgx? Ps /g hf]8\gs} nflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf x'Gy] . 7Ls pN6f] ljkIfL 6f]nLx? ^ cf] e /sf] kfj/Kn] d f %) /g s6fO;s]sf x'Gy] . k|lzIfs yfkf klg kfj/Kn]sf] kmfObf p7fpg g;Sg'nfO{ xf/sf] csf]{ sf/0f dfG5g\ . …g]kfnn] s'g}

klg v]ndf kfj/ Kn]sf] pkof]u ug{ ;s]g . v]nf8Ln] afpG8«L xfGg w]/} ;do s'/],Ú pgL eG5g\, …ha s'g} l6dn] kfj/ Kn]sf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sb}g eg] Tof] l6dn] lhTg] ;Defjgf klg sd x'G5 .Ú g]kfnsf] kfj/ Kn]df k|bz{g cd]l/sflj?4 – @& /g ! ljs]6 , cfo/Nof08lj?4 – @* /g # ljs]6, xªsªlj?4 – !& /g # ljs]6, kk'jf Go'lugLlj?4 – #$ /g ! ljs]6, h;L{lj?4 – !( /g @ ljs]6 km\nk Aof6\;Dofg k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL Aof6\;Dofgx? nflu la;{g nfos /Xof] . cd]l/sflj?4sf] v]ndf 1fg]Gb| dNnn] cw{zts agfpg' afx]s g]kfnL 6Ldsf Aof6\;Dofg k|ltof]lutfdf s'g}

klg v]ndf /fd|f] k|bz{g ug{ ;s]gg\ . cf]klgª ul/Psf ;a} kl/If0fx? c;kmn eP . cf]kg/ cfp6 ePkl5 tf;sf kQf em} g]kfnsf ljs]6x? eml//x] . Aof6\;Dofg x/]s v]ndf xtf; b]lvGy] . o:t} lqmhdf cfkm\gf] hf]8L;Fu ;dembf/L gx'Fbf /gcfp6sf] l;sf/ x'g' g]kfnL Aofl6ª c8{/sf] csf{] ;d:of b]lvof] . k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL Aof6\;Dofgsf] k|bz{g 1fg]Gb| dNn – *@ /g -cd] l /sflj?4 %@ /g_ , z/b e]ifjfs/ – ^@ /g, ;fu/ k'g– %# /g , kf/; v8\sf– $* /g , /fh]z k'nfdL– $@ /g , k|bLk P]/L– #! /g, clgn d08n– #! /g, ;f]dkfn sfdL– @# /g, a;Gt /]UdL– @!

8lAngdf x]lnsK6/ cfof]=== 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] clGtd v]ndf g] k fnL l6ddf 8] A o' u/] s f l;4fGt nf]xgLn] eljiodf /fd|f] ug]{ ;Defjgf b]vfPsf 5g\ . clGtd v]ndf h;L{la?4 l;4fGtn] agfPsf] @& /gsf] d4tdf g]kfnn] h;L{lj?4 ;Ddfghgs :sf]/ agfPsf] lyof] . v]n g]kfnsf] nflu la;{gnfos ePklg l;4fGtsf] nflu eg] clj:d/0fLo aGof] . v]ndf @–@ rf}sf / 5Ssf k|xf/ u/]sf l;4fGtn] !( cf}+ cf]e/sf] klxnf] andf xfg]sf] 5Ssf clxn] rrf{sf] lzv/df 5 . ef/tLo sKtfg dx]Gb|l;+x wf]gLsf] z}nLdf …x]lnsK6/ ;6{Ú k|xf/ u/]kl5 6]lnlehg sd]G6]6/n] eg]sf lyP, …x]lnsK6f/ sD;\ Og 8lAngÚ -8lAngdf x]lnsK6/ cfof]_ . v]nkl5 l;4fGtsf] Oª\Nof08sf v]nf8L df6{ kLo/ b]lv g]kfnL l6dsf sKtfg kf/; v8\sfn] k|z+;f u/] . v]nkl5 kf/;n] eg]sf lyP, …k|ltof]lutf xfd|f] nflu v/fa /x\of] .

cfufdL k|ltof]lutfdf /fd|f] v]Ng]5f} . l;4fGtn] cfhsf] v]ndf h;/L k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . ca xfd|f] 6f]nLn] /fd|f] ug{ ;S5 eGg]df cfzfjfbL 5f} . Ú k|lzIfs yfkfn] klg l;4fGtsf] k|bz{gnfO{ ;sf/fTds lng ;lsg] atfP . yfkfn] eg],

…8]Ao' Dofrdf l;4fGtn] h'g z}nLdf Aofl6ª u/] Tof] k|z+;fof]Uo 5 . Ú cl3Nnf] jif{ sf7df8f}d + f ePsf] l;lgo/ /fli6«o lqms]6 df !( andf cw{ z ts k|xf/ u/]kl5 l;4fGtsf] rrf{ lqms]6a[Qdf r'lnPsf] lyof] . kf]v/fla?4sf] v]ndf lj/f6gu/sf l;4fGtn] @% andf ^ rf}sf / ^ 5Ssf] d2tdf ^& /g agfPsf lyP . pgsf] k| b z{ g af6 k| e fljt ePsf k|lzIfs k'a'b' bf;fgfosn l;4fGtnfO{ glhaf6 lgofnL /x]sf lyP . Aofl6ª Ifdtfsf sf/0f bf;fgfosfn] l;4fGtnfO{ g]kfnL /fli6«o 6f]nLdf :yfg lbPsf lyP . ljZjlqms]6df pTs[i6 ;6{ k|xf/ ug{] PaL l8lelno;{sf] z}nLdf Aofl6ª ug{] l;4fGtnfO{ g]kfnL l8lelno;{ klg obfsbf elgG5 . pgL l8lelno;{n] h:t} l:jr lx6, l/e;{ l:jk xfGg ;S5g\ . o:t} ef/tLo sKtfg wf]gL h:t} x]lnsK6f/ ;6 klg l;4fGtn] /fli6«o lqms]6df xfg]sf lyP . h'g pgn] cGt/f{li6«o v]ndf b]vfO;s]sf 5g\ .

an/nfO{ k|];/ Aof6\ ; Dofg x/] s v] n df c;kmn ePkl5 g]kfnL an/n] cfkm\ g f] …g] r ' / nÚ v] n b] v fpg kfPgg\ . ! ;osf] cf;kf;df /g agfPsf] g]kfnL l6d dgf}j}1flgs sdhf]/ 7xl/of] . h;sf] k|ToIf c;/ an/nfO{ k¥of] . g]kfnn] xf/ Joxf]/]sf rf/} j6f Dofrdf klxn] Aofl6ª u/]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sf;Fu agfPsf] !@@ /g g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf pRr :sf]/ xf] . h'g v]ndf g]kfn nIo k5\ ofPsf] lyof] . cGo v]ndf g]kfnn] klxn] Aofl6ª u/]sf] lyof] . cfo/Nof08;Fu v]ndf g]kfnn] clxn];Dds} 6\jfG6L–@) Oltxf;sf] bf];|f] sd /g agfof] . h;df g]kfn %# /gdf cncfp6 ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnn] cGo v]ndf klg !!) /g s6fpFg xDd]–xDd] k¥of] . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnL an/n] cfkm\gf] g]r'/n v]n k|bz{g ug{ ;s]gg\ . sltko cj:yfdf g]kfnn] alnª nfOgckdf u/]sf l8l;hgx? klg :jefljs lyPgg\ . xªsª / kk'jf Go' l ugL;F u sf] v] n df g] k fnsf ljs]6 6]s/ an/ a;Gt /]UdLnfO{ ljkIfLn] %) /g s6fPkl5 dfq alnªdf NofOPsf] lyof] . g]kfnn] agfPsf] /g != cd]l/sf– !@! /g, g]kfn– !@@÷$ -g]kfn ^ ljs]6n] ljhoL_ @= g]kfn– %# /g, cfo/Nof08– %$÷@ -cfo/Nof08 * ljs]6n] ljhoL_ #= g]kfn – !)( /g, xªsª –!!)÷% -xªsª % ljs] 6 n] ljhoL _ $= g]kfn – (# /g, kk'jf Go"lugL – ((÷@ -kk'jf Go"lugL * ljs]6n] ljhoL_ %= g]kfn – !)% /g, h;L{ – !)&÷# -h;L{ & ljs]6n] ljhoL_ o'/f]ksf] kLrdf cEo:t gx'g' km/s sl08g;df uP/ lqms]6 v]Ng' kSs} c;xh xf] . cfkm\gf] 3/]n'e"dL / blIf0f Pl;ofnL e"– agf]6df lqms]6sf] …afbzfxÚ aGg] ef/t klg c:6«]lnof / o"/f]k]nL e"dLdf xf/ Aoxf]b}{ cfPsf] x'G5 . g]kfnsf] xf/sf nflu s]xL xb;Dd o"/f]ksf] lkr klg sf/s xf] . o'/f]ksf] kLrdf cEo:t x'g g;Sbf g] k fnL l6dn] sdhf] / Aofl6ª k|bz{g u¥of] . kmfi6 an/nfO{ pkof]uL dflgg] lkrdf g]kfnL x/]s v]ndf Aof6\;Dofgn] Aof6 3'dfPklg /g aGg ;s]gg\ . k|ltof]lutfsf] bf}/fg sKtfg kf/;n] klg g]kfnL v]nf8LnfO{ kLrsf cEo:t x'g ;do nfu]sf atfPsf lyP . x/]s Dofrkl5sf cGt/jftf{sf] qmddf kf/;n] o'/f]ksf] kLrdf g]kfnL v]nf8LnfO{ cEo:t x'g s7Lg ePsf] atfpg] uy{] . ljZjsk v]Ng] 6Ldn] h:tf];s ' } kLrdf cfkm\ gf] snf b]vfpg;Sg'kg{] x'G5 . h'g s'/f kf/; :jo+dn] klg :jLsf/ u/] s f lyP . To;} n ] g] k fnsf] c:jefljs xf/sf] Pp6f sf/0f ToxfFsf] sl08g ePklg ;a} sf/0f Tof] dfq xf]Og\ . 

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kmfu'gsf] ;'? a]nf Gofgf] 3fdsf] /flknf] t]hdf cfglGbt 5' . sf7df8f}+af6 efUg nfu]sf] lr;f] . ljbfsf] lbg . Jo:t hLjgaf6 ldn]sf] ;fgf] cjsf; / kqklqsfsf] ;fy . Pp6f Dofu]lhg kN6fpFb} lyPF, crfgs e]6 eof] o'j/fh gofF3/];Fu …km];a'sdf kmQ]dfofÚ zLif{ssf] …gglkmS;gÚ /rgfdf, k9]F . ;'?d} n]lvPsf] 5M …x/fPsf dfG5] e]l6P e6fe6 .Ú xf], y'k|} dfG5]x? x/fPsf lyP . x[bo / z/L/x? x/fpg] qmd al9/x]Yof] . lxhf] cfh tL e]6\b}+5' . lj:tf/} lj:tf/} . ;"rgfsf] hfnf]n] ga]l/Psf] 3/ /x]g . va/sf] cFufnf]af6 cnlUuPsf] lkF9L c5'tf] /x]g . ===== d t p;nfO{ a"9f] x'nfsLsf :jfF:jfFdf va/ klv{/x]y]F, pm cfO;s]5 km];a'sdf Û sqf] v';L JoQm ul/Psf] 5 oxfF Û x/fPsf dflg;x? e6fe6 e]l6Psf] xif{ Û e]l6Fb}5g\ z/L/ / x[box? qmlds ?kdf km];a'sdf . km];a's lglZrt ?kdf qmflGt xf]–;fdflhs ;~hfn lgdf{0fdf . cg'e"lt, ljrf/ / dfgl;s cj:yfsf] cgf}krfl/s ?kdf tTsfn ;~rfl/t ug]{ k|efjsf/L k'n ag]sf] 5 of] . nlxl/Psf 5g\ o;sf t/ªux?df v';L, lj/lQm, lbSbf/L / pQ]hgf Û k|]d, ljof]u, ldng / dgf]bzfsf cgGt cGt/ txx? Û wGojfb lbg dg nfU5 cd]l/sL /Iff dGqfnonfO{ h;n] cfkf{ k|f]h]S6af6 agfof] sDKo'6/ ;~hfn ;g\ !(^) df / ;nfd ug{ dg nfU5 6Ld ag]{;nfO{ h;n] cfljisf/ u/] ljB'tLo clen]vnfO{ hf]8\g] Pr6LPdPn efiff ;g\ !((! df . log} cfwf/df plePsf] km];a'sdf e]l6Fb}5g\ x/fPsf dflg;x? . ;f]Rg k'U5'– …sf] e]l6G5g\ <Ú c´, sf] e]l6G5g\ km];a'sdf < e]l6gnfO{ x/fpg' k5{ . x/fpgnfO{ :ki6 ?kdf b]lvg] u/L cl:tTjdf /xg' k5{ . klxrfg x'g'k5{ k|:6–:ki6 ljz]iftfx? ;lxtsf] . x]5'{– d afFr]sf] ;dfh, h'g ag]sf] 5 klxrfgljxLgx?sf] ;dli6df . lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5– ;ª\3if{ / ljikmf]6 ePsf] 5 qmflGt . t/ k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g klxrfg . log} klxrfgljxLgx?sf] lgwf/af6 au]sf] 5 /ut / ToxL /utdf 6]s]/ plePsf 5g\ :tDe / ;flnsx? . oL lglh{j :tDe / ;flnsx? lrlGtt 5g\ cfkm\gf] klxrfg x/fpg]df g ls cfwf/e"dLsf] klxrfg :yflkt ug{df . logs} s[ltd / s'l6n d':sfgn] ckxl/t u/]sf] 5–;fwf/0f dflg;sf] klxrfg . d ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] aLrdf plePsf] 5', hf] sxLF clen]lvt 5}gg\ /fHosf clen]vx?df . hf] sxLF e]l6Ps} 5}gg\ / h;sf] cl:tTj :jLsfl/Ps} 5}g slxNo} . To;}n] tL x/fpg] ;Defjgf g} 5}g / gx/fPsfx? e]l6g] ´g\ s'g} ;Defjgf g} /xFb}g . h;sf] klxrfg g} 5}g, pgLx?;Fu x/fpg] of]Uotf klg x'Fb}g . xf], km];a'sdf w]/} Ifdtf 5 :k];sf], nrstf 5, lgs6tf 5, ;"rgfsf] :yfoLTj 5, cGt{lqmofTds 5 . t/ s;sf nflu 5 Tof] < af/Daf/ oxL k|Zgsf gªu|fn] sf]kl//xG5 d]/f] cg'xf/ . s;nfO{ e]6] gofF3/]n] km];a'sdf < sfd vf]Hb} hfg]x? x/fPsf lyP nG8glt/ . sfdsf] ef/n] 5f]lkPsf lyP l;8\gLlt/ . bfdsf]

21 - 27 July 2015

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olb tkfO{+ x:6 k'i6 x'g'x'G5 k};f]n] tGb'?:t x'g'x'G5 eg] 6fpsf] b'v]sf] eP klg xfd|f] v:kftndf cfpg'xf]; /fd|L–/fd|L odb"tLsf klg 5g /fd|} ;]jf kfpg'xf]; g/d–g/d xftn] u/d–u/d kfgL l;t cf}ifwL v'jfp5g PS;/], l;l6:Sog cg]s d]l;gn] 5'jf5g tkfO{+ uwf g} eP klg e}+;LnfO{ em} b'jf5g tkfO{+ t xfF;L xfF;L dg{' x'G5 olb dg{' ePg eg] klg lan b]vfPkl5 eg] kSsf 7x/} kg{' x'G5 . cDaf h:t} kfs]sf] eP klg hLjg b]lv yfs]sf] eP klg dg{ lt/ nfu]sf] eP klg xfd|f] v:kftndf cfpg'xf]nf 6fpsf] b'Vof] dfq eGg' xf]nf tkfO{+nfO{ a]xf]; agfP/ tkfO+{sf ls8\gL ufoa kfl/G5 tkfO{n] jiff}{kl5 yfx kfP xfdLn] rf]/]sf] s;/L 7l/G5 cfpg'xf]; xfd|f odb'ltsfx?n] klg 3'8fsf] ;'O uf]8fdf nfpg'x'G5 cefuL eP afRg' x'G5 efUodfgL eP l;w} :ju{df afF; kfg'x'G5 . tg sdhf]/ eP klg dg sdhf]/ eP klg kfNg'xf]; t/ wg sdhf]/ ePsfn] xfd|f] v:ktfndf v'§} gxfNg'xf];\ oxfF gofF–gofF odb"taf6 zNolqmof u/fOG5 cefuL eP tkfO{+sf] Hofg hf]luof] efUuLzfnL eP tkfO{+nfO{ l;w} :ju{ k7fP/ sfh lqmof ;d]t u/fOG5 .

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21 - 27 July 2015

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The Great Earthquake of 2015

how skilled NRNs could contribute during recovery and reconstruction?

Dr. Jagadish Timsina and Dr. Hom Pant

The Great Earthquake of 2015 Nepal was hit by a devastating earthquake of magnitude 7.6 at 11:56 AM on April 25 with epicentre at Barpak village of Gorkha which was followed by another big earthquake of magnitude 6.8 on May 12. In between these two earthquakes and after, there were several aftershocks of magnitude greater than 4 and that the earthquakes are still continuing. Just within a minute, the first major earthquake destroyed or extensively damaged hundreds of century old historical and cultural monuments, over half a million houses, about 7,000 schools, and another 8,000 or so public buildings. In addition, several rural roads and bridges, water supply systems, agricultural lands, trekking routes, hydropower plants, geodetic network centres and sports facilities in the region were also heavily damaged or destroyed. With the destruction of man-made structures, it took the lives of about 10,000 and injured about 25,000 people, mostly women and children, and killed about 200,000 cattle and other live assets. It is estimated that the lives of about eight million people have been impacted by these earthquakes and aftershocks. Thirty-one districts have been affected, of which 14 were declared ‘crisis-hit’. The damage exposed the weaknesses of the structures that were either old and/or did not have any seismic-resistant features (consequence of poverty) or were recently built by crossing the limits set by building codes (e.g., Gongabu/ Dhapasi area) and public accountability (consequence of rampant corruption). Damage assessment by government A f te r t h e e ve nt , t h e go ve r n m e nt , l e d by t h e National Planning Commission, conducted a Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), and has published its report. This article draws heavily on that report. The PDNA report estimates that the total value of disaster effects (damages to wealth and income losses) caused by the earthquakes is NPR 706 billion or its equivalent of US$ 7.0 billion. Of that, NPR 517 billion (or 76% of the total effects) represents the value of destroyed physical assets, such as homes and other structures (wealth loss), and NPR 189 billion (24% of the total effects) reflects the losses and higher

costs of production of goods and services arising from the disaster such as reduced business in the tourism sector and loss of food stored in homes (income losses). The estimated value of total damages and losses (changes in flows) is equivalent to about one third of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or close to the level of national investment undertaken in a normal year. This loss can be compounded further if the monsoon rain causes landslides where the land has been ruptured and destabilised by the earthquakes. Distribution of the burden of damages Preliminary assessment of incidence and impact suggests that the earthquakes have disproportionately affected the poorer, rural locations relative to the urban and less poor areas. Even within the relatively prosperous areas that have been affected, for example the Kathmandu Valley, households that were already either poor or vulnerable have been particularly exposed (PDNA exec. summary p.10). More women and girls died than men and boys, partly because of gendered roles that disproportionately assign indoor chores to women. Poorer people suffered more than well to do families, who have had built better homes. The World Bank projected that this impact may translate into creation of at least 700,000 additional poor during the FY 2015-2016. If reconstruction and rehabilitation activities are delayed many marginal households will be pushed below the poverty line for an extended period (PDNA exec. summary p. 10).This is especially so because, with the exception of the Kathmandu Valley, the central and western regions that have been affected by the earthquake account for 30% of the total cottage industries in the country and livestock maintained by an average household is more than the national average. Households in these regions also derive 45% of their income from remittances. Key issues and challenges Important questions and key issues and challenges in short- and long-term include: (i) how to provide short-term housing to protect against the upcoming monsoon rains and long-term earthquake-resistant housing? (ii) how to rerun classes in schools where they are fully or partially damaged? (iii) how to perform day-today activities in government offices which are fully or partially damaged? (iv) how to revive business activities in district headquarters and other business hubs? (iii) how to bring back tourism to its

pre-earthquake state? (v) how to assist farmers (e.g., by providing rice, maize and vegetable seeds as soon as possible for the upcoming monsoon season, and assist them in transport, storage and marketing, etc.)? (vi) how to address the health and water quality related issues due to possible spread of disease due to temporary settlements under tents in open spaces for more than a month during and after earthquakes and several aftershocks? G o v e r n m e n t ’s p l a n f o r recovery and reconstruction As the government is preparing to develop a largescale recovery programme on the basis of the PDNA study, there is a widely shared realization that it has to be a multi-pronged effort with a strong orientation towards the poorest and the most vulnerable and that it improves the resilience of the country. For this the government is trying to promote the principle of “Build Back Better” in the recovery and reconstruction. Assistance in rebuilding the livestock, catching up in agriculture and enhancement of entrepreneurial skills and physical connectivity of the affected areas to market centres are therefore critical in stopping additional people to fall below the poverty line again. In addition to rebuilding of earthquake-resistant private housing, restoration as well as rebuilding of earthquakeresistant school buildings and community centres will also be equally important to support both learning in a secure environment and to help the local authorities to efficiently manage resources and relief operations at times of emergency. To t h i s e f f e c t t h e government wants to conduct a geophysical study of the affected areas to assess the level of risks to settlements and then follow a habitat-based approach in which clustering of houses will be encouraged wherever feasible. It will be implemented in a way that improves settlements and provides a better quality of life for all the residents. On the housing front, the government intends to provide several safer designs of housing based on building codes with the principle of Build Back Better and the affected families will exercise their preference for any one of them. These designs will be based on the existing construction practices in rural Nepal and will use locally available construction materials. Technical and some financial support for such construction will be provided by the government. The recovery strategy also includes restoration and reconstruction of all damaged and collapsed

historic buildings including refurbishment of cultural institutions and museums. With these strategies in mind, the government has estimated the total recovery needs of NPR 669 billion (or US$ 6.7 billion) that takes into account the cost of reconstruction with better specifications, equipment, improved governance and risk reduction. Donor countries have already pledged about two-thirds of this amount in grant and soft loans. It appears that the financial resources will not be the limiting factor to build back better Nepal. C l e a r l y, t h e re cove r y p ro g ra m m e wo u l d n e e d considerable technical and managerial support. The government is planning to secure required expertise by out-sourcing if that cannot b e o b ta i n e d w i t h i n t h e government. The government has recognised that the Nepali diaspora has a huge pool of skills and talent and would like to contribute to recovery and reconstruction. The PDNA report mentions that the government will make a special effort to utilize their financial and technical resources for recovery and reconstruction. However, no specific announcements have been made so far except appointing Mr Shesh Ghale, president of the International Coordination Council (ICC) of the Non-resident Nepalese Association (NRNA), as a goodwill ambassador to raise funds. To h av e a n e f fe c t i v e recovery and reconstruction of the affected areas the government needs to develop a master plan first that in itself requires a large pool of engineers, architects, and planners. The implementation of the plan would then require managers, engineers, masons, artisans, plumbers, electricians, etc. To meet this need, the government is planning to partner with academic institutions and professional organizations to d eve l o p a n d s u p p o r t a large number of training and skills development programmes. This is fine for skills that can be acquired in few weeks or months, but the country will also need highly skilled professionals with many years of training and professional experience at the cutting edge not only in construction engineering but also in remote sensing, seismology, geo-technology, hydrology, anthropology, culture, sociology, agronomy, architecture, planning, etc. Non-resident Nepalese (NRNs) could be a potential s o u rc e o f s u p p l y o f t h e required skills in all of these areas. The government needs to open up the demand side of the skills.

NRNA’s response and NRNs possible role NRNA has responded at the rescue and relief stage by timely providing the relief materials and service and assistance to 17,000 families (or approx. 68,000 individuals) to date in eight most affected districts (Sindhupalchowk, Kav re p a l c h o w k , G o r k h a , Lamjung, Nuwakot, Rasuwa, Dhading, and Ramechhap). For the reconstruction and rebuilding phase, it has already committed to build 1000 houses in most disastrous districts. The question now is: in addition to what is committed, what should be the NRNA’s role in meeting the potential shortages of specialised skills? Specifically, what kinds of skills NRNs can/ should transfer and what the mechanisms of transfer should be for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction? How NRNs will contribute their expertise and knowledge to the government’s effort on rebuilding and reconstruction? What will be their terms of engagement (on a voluntary basis or receive some in-kind support such as airfare, on site meals and accommodation, or charge standard professional rates for the services)? To answer the above questions effectively, however, the government should identify its current skill needs by type, assess their domestic supplies, and determine the deficits by skill type. The government can then make a call to the NRNs to meet the gaps where possible. NRNA, at the same time, can help the process by updating its skills or expertise database along with contact details, pass this information to the concerned parties, help develop terms of re fe re n c e s , a n d p ro v i d e co ntact p o i nts i n N ep al . In the July 2014 workshop o n S k i l l , Kn o w l e d ge a n d Innovation (SKI) Transfer to Nepal organised by NRNA A u s t ra l i a i n S y d n e y, w e have proposed a roadmap for a wide range of skills and knowledge transfer by g l o b a l l y- s p re a d N R N s to Nepal and that roadmap can also be followed for the systematic transfer of skills and knowledge for any postearthquake reconstruction a n d re c o v e r y a c t i v i t i e s . Immediately after these two earthquakes in April and May, NRNA Australia also organized a SKI workshop in Canberra on 31 May where several NRNs with skills and expertise on agriculture, engineering, medicine, and social sciences presented papers and concentrated in various brainstorming sessions. The workshop proceedings have been prepared and submitted to the government via the Nepalese Embassy in Canberra. NRNA-ICC has also

decided to organise a special SKI workshop on role of NRNs in post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction during the upcoming NRNA global conference in Kathmandu in October this year. In our view, some of the skills that can be transferred immediately are: (i) higher level skills needed to inspect, identify and recommend actions for all damaged or destroyed public as well as private structures in all earthquake-affected districts, (ii) assess site specific risks for resettlement (iii) appropriate settlement planning (iv) higher level construction workers (housing, hospitals, government and nongovernment buildings, roads, etc.), (v) demolition experts, and (vi) crane and heavy equipment operators. Many NRNs from across the world and especially from middleeast and Asian countries have already returned to Nepal and started transferring or using their skills voluntarily in the above areas. Some of knowledge that related to (i) engineering (e.g., design and construction) and (ii) medical assistance can be transferred immediately through conducting seminars, trainings, and formal and informal classes. Actual transfer of innovative skills will be realized if the NRNs with engineering knowledge and skills succeed in the designing earthquake resistant and durable homes, schools and hospitals within the financial limits posed by the assistance the government has announced. Likewise, there could be opportunities for innovative skill transfer in health and agriculture sectors that need to be seriously explored and utilized to assist the neediest victims of the disastrous earthquakes and the aftershocks. In addition to these, in partnership with the academic institutions and training schools, NRNs can also provide appropriate trainings to the affected locals to improve the supply of skilled labour force in the country for the recovery and reconstruction programme. In the long run, after the reconstruction phase is over, should this labour force chooses (or is forced) to go for foreign employment, they will be earning more as skilled labour and remitting more back to their families. If carefully planned and coordinated a number of retired or semiretired NRNs would be happy to provide their time for free on a longer term basis, or few months of volunteering from other NRNs in their prime working stage of their life. It is however important to convince them that the government is really committed to build back better Nepal and that the NRN’s time and labour would not be wasted. 

www.nepalipatra.com

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21 - 27 July 2015

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tkfOnfO{ crDd nfUg ;Snf, t/ casf] @÷# jif{d} Pgfnu k|ljlwsf] 6]lnlehg b]Vg kfOg] 5}g\ . :jefljs lh1f;f p7\5– s;/L < cGt/f{li6«o b' / ;~rf/ ;+ u7g -cfO6Lo"_n] ;g @)!* ;Dddf ;a} s]an 6]lnlehgx? l8lh6n k|0ffnLdf ;~rfng eO;Sg'kg]{ gLlt ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn klg cfOl6o"sf] ;b:o ePsfn] of] gLlt g]kfnsf] nflu afWosf/L x'G5 . cfOl6o" s f] ;f] x L k| f jwfgnfO{ Wofg lbb} g] k fn ;/sf/n] klg dxfgu/kflns tyf pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf tLg jif{leq, gu/kflnsf If]qdf rf/ jif{leq / cGo If]qdf kfFrjif{leq Pgfnu k|0ffnLnfO{ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf kl/jt{g ul/;Sg'kg]{ k|fjwfg agfPsf] 5 . pQm ldltsf] u0fgf )&) a};fv !^ b]lv ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] @)&$ ;Dddf ;a} s] a n 6] l nlehgnfO{ l8lh6n k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ul/;Sg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . s;/L ;~rfng x'G5 t l8lh6n 6]lnlehg < o;sf nflu s'g} 5'§} 6]]lnlehg sDkgL :yfkgf x'g] xf]Og . g t ePsf 6]lnlehg sDkgLx?nfO{ g} l8lh6n agfpg] elgPsf] xf] . o;sf nflu clxn] s] a n dfkm{ t eO/x] s f] 6] l nlehg ljt/0fsf] Pgfnu k|0ffnLnfO{ l8lh6n k| 0 ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . clxn] s]a'n dfkm{t eO/x]sf] 6] l nlehg ljt/0f ca clK6sn kmfOa/ dfkm{t ljt/0f x'G5 . cfOl6o'sf] k|fjwfg / ;/sf/sf] of]hgf cg';f/ cfufdL @)&$ ;Dddf ;a} 3/df o:tf] l8lh6n k|0ffnL k'¥ofO;Sg'kg]{ 5 . …ca x/ 3/ l8lh6nÚ eGg] gf/fsf] ;fy l;Dkn ldl8of g]6js{ k|fln -;Ld l6eL_n] l8lh6n 6]lnlelhgsf] ljt/0f ;'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . hfkfg, hd{gL, xªsª / tfOjfgsf nufgLstf{ ;lxtsf] nufgLdf g]kfndf :yfkgf ePsf] gLlh If]qsf] sDkgL l;Dkn

x'Fbf ;/sf/n] ToxL cg';f/ 6]lnlehg Rofgn ljt/0f ug]{ sDkgLaf6 /fhZj ;+sng u5{ . u|fxsn] eg] l/rfh{ ubf{ g} s/ ltl/;s]sf x'G5g\ . …ca u|fsxn] 6]lnlehg Rofgn /fd| f ] cfPg eg] / lrGtf lng] lbg

;lsP . s'g} k|fljlws ;d:of cfof] eg] s'g} klg Rofgn cfpFb}g . geP ;a} Rofgn lSno/ cfpF5Ú kf}8]nn] eg] . s] km/s 5 ;Ld l6eL / l8; l6eLdf < l8; l6eL :of6fnfO6 dfkm{t k|;f/0f x'G5 . :of6fnfO6 l/l;e

u/]/ 6]lnlehg ;]6;Dd k'¥ofpgsf] nflu PG6]gf rflxG5 . ;Ld l6eL eg] clK6sn kmfOa/ dfkm{t k|;f/0f x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;]6ck aS; rflxG5 . Pp6f ;]6ck aS;af6 Pp6f l6eL dfq} rN5 . 

Work Permit for Nurses at Care Home in UK ldl8of g] 6 js{ k| f lnn] l8lh6n 6]lnlehgsf] ljt/0f ;'? u/]sf] xf] . clxn] sf7df8f}+, lrtjg, kf]v/f, g] k fnu~h, bfª, O6x/L, wgu9L nufotsf d"Vo zx/df o:tf] ;]jf ;'? eO;s]sf] sDkgLsf k|aGw lgb]{zs Pds] kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP . casf] s]xL ;dod} wgu9L, ;Nofg, ?s'd, wf} n flu/L, afF s ] , w/fg lj/f6gu/ nufotsf If]qdf l8lh6n 6]lnlehg ;'? x'g] pgn] atfP . l8lh6n 6]lnlehg k|0ffnL ;'? ePkl5 clxn]h:tf] Pp6f s]a'naf6 #÷$ j6f 6] l nlehg x] g { eg] ldNb}g . l8lh6n k|0ffnL cGt{ut x/]s 6]lnlehgsf] nflu Pp6f ;]6ck aS; lbOG5 . tkfOn] k};f lt/]sf] cfwf/df pSt ;]6ck aS;n] lglZrt 6]lnlehg Rofgnx? pknAw u/fpF5 . h:tf]sL, dfl;s #%) ?k}ofF ltbf{ () a6f P;8L Rofgn x]g{ kfOG5 . To;}u/L, dfl;s % ;o ?k}ofF ltg]{ xf] eg] !!) j6f P;8L / % j6f xfOl8lkmg]zg -Pr8L_ 6]lnlehg Rofgn x]g{ kfOG5 . u|fxsn] rfx]cg';f/ hg/n OG6/6]gd]G6 k|lt Rofgn @) ?k}ofF, nfOkm :6fOn tyf P8e]Gr/ #) ?k}ofF, d'eL $) ?k}ofF / :kf]6{\; Rofgn %) ?k}ofFsf b/n] yKb} hfg klg ;Sg]5g\ . 6]lnlehg Rofgn x]g{sf] nflu df] j fOn l/rfh{ u/] h :t} ;] 6 ck aS;sf] l/rfh{ ug'{k5{ . To;sf nflu

ahf/df df]jfOnsf] h:t} l/rfh{ sf8{ pknAw u/fOg] kf}8]nn] atfP . a}+s dfkm{t klg l/rfh{ ug{ ;lsG5 . sDkgLn] lbPsf] ;]6ckaS;;Fu} Kofs]hdf OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf klg pknAw x'g]5 . t/, of] Kofs]hsf] d"No eg] clxn] g} to geO;s]sf] pgn] atfP . l8lh6n 6]lnlehg ljt/0fsf] nflu sDkgLn] !@ nfv u|fxsnfO{ ;]6ck aS; lgMz'Ns lbg nfluPsf] k|aGw lgb]{zs Pds] kf}8]nn] atfP . …clxn] ahf/df lsGg] xf] eg] Pp6f ;]6ck aS;sf] $÷% xhf/ ?k}ofF k5{ . t/, xfdL !@ nfv u|fxsnfO{ lgMz'Ns ;]6ck aS; lbg]5f}+Ú pgn] eg] . ca 6]lnlehg Rofgn l8lh6n ?kdf k|;f/0f x'g yfn]kl5 ;/sf/nfO{ klg kmfObf x'g] pgsf] bfjL 5 . …clxn] Pgfnuaf6 6]lnlehg Rofgn k|;f/0f x'Fbf slt u|fxsn] 6]lnlehg x]l//x]sf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfpg ;lsb}g . Pp6} s]anaf6 w]/}j6f 6]lnlehg x]l/Psf] x' g ;S5 . t/, l8lh6n ePklk5 Pp6f l6eLsf] nflu Pp6f ;] 6 ck aS; rflxG5Ú, pgn] eg], …ca k|To]s u|fxsaf6 ;/sf/n] /fhZj kfpF5 .Ú u| f xssf] 8f6fa] ; sf] nflu sDkgLn] l;P l;:6d ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . oxL l;:6daf6 l/rfh{ ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] l;:6d g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu klg x'G5 . oxL l;:6daf6 slt hgfn] 6]lnlehg x]l//x]sf 5g eGg] kQf nfUg]

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21 - 27 July 2015

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