vol3 - Ghor

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 4 Page No:

31

Chapter 4: Community Development Block Bilaspur Gohar 1. Data

TABLE NO:10

HORTICULTUR E CROPS

ARE A

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL %

Apple

21

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE

IMPROVED %

100

0

UNIRRIGATE D %

IRRIGATED %

0

100

MEA N FYM

45

MEAN YIEL D

1.23

MEAN SALE

CHEMICAL FERTILIZER S YES%

NO %

100

0

12261.9

PESTICIDES

YES %

NO %

100

0

AVAILABILIT Y OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL %

GOVT. %

100

0

NO %

0

YES %

NO %

100

0

TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS

Barley Maize Paddy Potato Rajmash Urd Wheat

AREA

1 8 5.5 9 3 1 10

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

MEAN FYM

10 25 13.33 16.25 10 10 25

MEAN YIELD

0.6 3.38 0.82 3.44 0.37 0.35 2.13

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 4 Page No:

32

TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS

AREA

Peas

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%

3

100

MEAN FYM

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%

0

0

100

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%

MEAN YIELD

15

3

0

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%

100

0

100

TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCKS

Bullocks Cows

NO OF LIVES

HEALTH CARE YES NO% %

NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATURAL BOTH AI% % %

2

0

100

0

10

0

100

50

0 33.3 3

0 0

BREED IMPROV LOCAL% ED%

NO %

100 16.6 7

STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH STALL GRAZIN BOTH% No% % G%

MEAN CONCE NTRAT E FED

MEAN LACTAT ION

100

0

0

100

0

0

1

0

50

50

50

16.67

33.33

0

1.5

510

TABLE NO : 14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES GENERAL% CAST CATEGORY

SC% ST% OBC %

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

6 16.67 16.66 0 66.67

MEAN YIELD

0 106 5

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%

NO%

0 16.6 7

100 83.3 3

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 4 Page No: YES%

ELECTRICITY CONNECTION

NO% YES%

MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE

NO% YES%

DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE

TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER

NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE% +TWO%

EDUCATION(MALE)

MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE% +TWO%

EDUCATION(FEMALE)

MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% SERVICE

ANNUAL INCOME

AGRI/HOTI LABOUR MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

100 0 83.33 16.67 83.33 16.67 1.17 100 0 100 0 19 12 0 31.5789 15.7895 15.7895 26.3158 10.5263 0 0 16.67 0 41.67 41.66 216000 257500 138000 0 101916.7

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Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 4 Page No:

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TABLE NO:14(A)

MAHILA MANDAL %

16.67

YOUTH CLUB %

0

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA MANDAL MAHILA /YOUTH MANDAL/SHG % CLUB %

SHG %

16.67

0

0

MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE COOP %

0

ANY OTHER %

0

NO%

PRIVATE%

66.66

NO%

100

0

SOURCE OF BORROWING

COOP%

BANK%

0

COOP %

100

RELATIVES%

0

FRIENDS %

0

0

FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENT % YES%

FUEL/FODDER

Fuel Fodder

NO%

100 100

FUEL SOURCE

GAP %

35 35

65 65

0 0

SOURCE TO COVER GAP %

Forest LPG,Forest

AVALIBILITY%

FODDER SOURCE

66.67 33.33

Forest Purchase

SOURCE TO COVER GAP %

83.33 16.67

INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING

INTERESTED

No

Mushroom, Poultry , Sewing

MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTINGNAME

No

ANNUALINCOME

SUGGESTION

0

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

No

ANY OTHER %

0

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2. Analysis District Mandi Community Development Block Gohar The socio-economic conditions of Gohar Block are summarized in the following tables.

Table: 1

Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Per cent)

Religion Hindu

100.00

Category General 16.67 OBC 66.66 SC 16.67 ST 0.00 It can be observed from the Table-1 reveals that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100.00. As far as caste category was concerned OBC category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 66.66 per cent. Next in importance were general and scheduled caste categories with the percentage of 16.67 in each category.

Table: 2

Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.

Village Level Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility

Family level

Yes 83.33 83.33 1.17 K.M.* 100.00 100.00 100.00

(Per cent) NO 16.67 16.67

0.00 0.00 0.00

*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 83.33 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads.

As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 83.33 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 1.17 KM to get medical help. Table further indicates that all the sampled households were having electricity and tap water connections. Toilet facility was also there in all the sampled households.

Table: 3

Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Number)

Gender Male 19 Female 12 Total 31 Average size of family 5.16 Sex ratio* 631 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender - wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 5.16 members. In the study area sex ratio was 631.

Table: 4

Educational Level, Study Area,2009-10

Educational Level Illiterate Primary Middle Matriculate

Male 10.53 26.31 15.79 15.79 Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

(Per cent) Female 41.66 41.66 0.00 16.68

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Sr. Secondary 31.50 0.00 Degree 0.00 0.00 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regards the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (41.66 per cent) had their education up to primary level. It can be seen from the table that only 16.68 per cent of the female population were having education up to matriculation. Among the males, majority of the population (31.50 per cent) were having education up to senior secondary level.

Table: 5

Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10

Sr. No 1.

Particulars Service

2.

Horticulture/Agriculture

3.

Labour

(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 36000 (35.32) 42916 42.11 23000 (22.57) 101916 (100.00)

Total

Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages.

In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were service, horticulture/agriculture and labour. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 1, 01,916. The major source of annual family income was agriculture/horticulture. It contributed about 42.11 per cent towards total family income.

Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 35.32 per cent. Labour was the next important source of family income. Its contribution was 22.57 per cent.

Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (33.34) Co-operatives 0.00 Youth Club 0.00 Mahila Mandal 16.67 Self Help Groups 16.67 No Participation (66.66) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 33.34 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals and Self Help Groups with 16.67 and 16.67 percentages, respectively.

Table: 7

Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 100.00 Government 0.00 Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that all the respondents (100.00 per cent) were selling their produce to private parties.

Table: 8

Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent)

Bank Cooperative Society Relatives Friends Any other

100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

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The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The all of the respondents (100.00 per cent) had taken loans from banks.

Table: 9

Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10

(Activities) Existing Interested No Sewing, Poultry, Mushroom Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. No income generating activities existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Sewing, Poultry, Khaddi, and Mushroom cultivation.

Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 Requirement

Availability

Gap

Fuel

100

35

65

Fodder

100

35

65

(Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Forests (66.67) LPG (33.33)

Forest (83.33) Market (16.67) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to mange 35 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 66.67 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 65 percent, majority of the people (83.33 per cent) were dependent on forests.

Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be developed and strengthened.

•

Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram Panchayat level.

•

Family planning campaign needs to be started at Gram Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal variation form the average of state.

•

The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high in higher education.

•

In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education.

The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity.

•

The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.

•

In the study area agriculture/horticulture is one of the major sources of family income. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:4 Page No:

38

view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.

•

Social participation should be encouraged. There is no participation in cooperatives and Youth Clubs. People should be educated and motivated to establish these rural institutions. During People Rural Appraisal it has come to notice that most of the people are not having knowledge about development activities. This can be taken care by enhancing their social participation.

•

Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.

•

In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.

•

There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.

•

To cover the gap in fuel majority of people re dependent on forests for fuel wood.

To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.

•

Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.

•

Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:4 Page No:

39

3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GOHAR Basic Statistics • •

No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land

• • •

Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan •

• •

•

• • • •

•

•

•

30 % 35 % Rs. In Lakhs

Cost of 0.5% additional area(12 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha) Cost of 1 % area (23 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (12 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (12 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** 0.5 % of area (12 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (4 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (12 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 4 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 4 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (4 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total

Source * ** *** **** ***** ******

4 ** 30 to 80 %** 2311 ha** < 10 %**

Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

12.00

2.30 1.80

7.20

12.13 17.25 11.84 12.00

0.76 0.91 1.00

14.60 1.73 5.00 101.22