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Chapter 5: Community Development Block Bilaspur Janjeli 1. Data TABLE NO:10 HORTICULTURE CROPS
Almond Apple
AREA
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL IMPROVED % %
1 99.25
100 100
0 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRI GATE IRRIGA UNIRRIGA TED% TED%
0 0
100 100
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
MEAN SALE
5 26.76
0 0.85
0 6196.43
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES NO% %
PESTICIDE S YES NO % %
100 100
100 100
0 0
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL GOVT. NO % % %
0 0
100 100
0 0
0 0
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%
100 64.71
NO%
0 35.29
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS
Barley Maize Paddy Potato Rajmash Wheat
AREA
19.25 23 1.25 29.5 18.5 43.5
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%
100 100 100 100 100 100
0 0 0 0 0 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%
0 0 0 0 0 0
MEAN FYM
100 100 100 100 100 100
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%
MEAN YIELD
7.69 11.83 10 9.12 9.07 12.11
3.48 2.66 3.6 2.7 0.41 2.8
0 0 0 5.88 0 5.26
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%
100 100 100 94.12 100 94.74
0 0 0 0 0 0
100 100 100 100 100 100
TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS
Cabbage Peas
AREA
6.5 12.5
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%
100 100
0 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%
0 0
MEAN FYM
100 100
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
9.71 9.18
MEAN YIELD
3.08 2.8
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%
0 0
100 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%
14.29 18.18
85.71 81.82
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TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCKS Bullocks Cows Goat Heifers Horse/ Ponnies Sheep
NO OF LIVES 13 33 2 2 2 17
HEALTH CARE YES NO % % 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0
100 100
NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATURAL BOTH AI% % % 0 0 0 68.42 31.58 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
NO % 100 0 100 0 100 100
BREED LOCAL IMPROVED % % 75 25 78.95 21.05 0 100 100 0 100 75
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH STALL GRAZING BOTH No % % % % 25 50 25 0 47.36 42.11 10.53 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0
0 25
100 0
0 75
0 0
0 25
MEAN CONCENT RATE FED
MEAN LACTATION
GENERAL% CAST CATEGORY
SC% ST% OBC %
ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE
YES% NO% YES% NO% YES%
DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE
TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER
NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
YES%
NO%
0 1.92 0 0
0 486 0 0
0 1280.5 0 0
100 89.47 100 100
0 10.53 0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
100 100
0 0
TABLE NO :14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES
MEAN YIELD
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
23 95.65 4.35 0 0 95.65 4.35 43.48 56.52 13.04 86.96 5.96 100 0 69.57 30.43 61 75
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3.2787 16.3934 26.2295 13.1148 27.8689 13.1147 2.67 9.33 16 10.67 36 25.33 600400 507000 692000 82000 81800
DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC%
EDUCATION(MALE)
MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC%
EDUCATION(FEMALE)
MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% SERVICE AGRI/HOTI
ANNUAL INCOME
42
LABOUR MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
TABLE NO:14(A) MAHILA MANDAL %
43.47
YOUTH CLUB %
0
SHG %
0
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA GRAM MANDAL PANCHAYAT /YOUTH % CLUB %
4.35
MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE CO-OP %
8.7
0
ANY OTHER %
4.35
NO%
PRIVATE%
39.13
95.65
NO%
4.35
CO-OP%
0
SOURCE OF BORROWING BANK%
95.65
CO-OP %
RELATIVES%
FRIENDS %
ANY OTHER %
0
4.35
0
0
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER
Fuel Fodder
REQUIREMENT % YES%
NO%
95.65 86.96
4.35 13.04 Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
AVALIBILITY%
GAP %
17.39 27.83
78.48 59.13
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FUEL SOURCE
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
Forest
86.96
LPG,Forest
13.04
FODDER SOURCE
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
Forest No Purchase
86.98 4.35 8.67
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING
INTERESTED
No
Bee Keeping ,Fishery,Khaddi, Mushroom, Poultry
MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTINGNAME
ANNUALINCOME
No
SUGGESTION
0
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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No
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2. Analysis District Mandi Community Development Block Janjeli The socio-economic conditions of Seraj block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Hindu
100.00
Category General 95.65 SC 4.35 OBC 0.00 ST 0.00 It can be observed from the Table-1 reveals that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100.00. As far as caste category was concerned general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 95.65 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste category (4.35 percent). OBC
Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level
Family level
Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Yes 43.48 13.04 5.96 K.M.* 95.65 100.00 69.57
(Per cent) NO 56.52 86.96
4.35 0.00 30.43
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 43.48 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 13.04 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 5.96 K.M. to get medical help. Table further indicates that all the households were having water connection but only 69.57 per cent people were having toilet facility and remaining were going in open for defecation. As far as electricity connection is concerned 4.35 per cent households were not having electric connection in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 61 Female 75 Total 136 Average size of family 5.9 Sex ratio* 1229 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 5.9 members. In the study area sex ratio was 1229.
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Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:5 Page No:
Table: 4
45
Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10
(Per cent) Educational Level Male Female Illiterate 13.11 25.33 Primary 27.87 36.00 Middle 13.12 10.67 Matriculate 26.23 16.00 Sr. Secondary 16.39 9.33 Degree 3.28 2.67 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regards the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (36.00 per cent) had their education up to primary level. The proportion of the female population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 10.67, 16.00 and 9.33 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 2.67 per cent of the female population were studied up to degree level. Among the male, majority of the population (27.87 per cent) were having education up to primary level. About 56 percent of male population had gone beyond primary level but the illiteracy rate was quite high (13.11 per cent). Table: 5
Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10
Sr. No 1.
Particulars Labour
2.
Service
3.
Horticulture/Agriculture
4.
Miscellaneous Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 30086 (37.00) 26105 (32.00) 22043 (27.00) 3565 (4.00) 81798 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight into the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were service, horticulture/agriculture and labour. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 81,798. The major source of annual family income was labour. It contributed about 37.00 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 32.00 per cent. Agriculture/horticulture was the next important source of family income. Its contribution was 27.00 per cent. The contribution of miscellaneous was 4.00 per cent. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (47.82) Co-operatives 0.00 Youth Club 0.00 Mahila Mandal 47.82 Self Help Groups 0.00 No Participation (52.18) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 47.82 per cent were participating in Mahila Mandals. The participation in cooperatives, Youth clubs and self help groups was nil.
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Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 100.00 Government 0.00 Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that cent per cent respondents were selling their produce to private parties. Table: 8
Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10
(Per cent) Bank 95.65 Cooperative Society 0.00 Relatives 4.35 Friends 0.00 Any other 0.00 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (95.65 per cent) had taken loan from banks. The percentage of respondents who had taken loan from relatives was 4.35. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10
(Activities) Existing Interested Bamboo weaving Bee Keeping, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom, Poultry Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Bamboo weaving was the only income generating activity existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Bee Keeping, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom cultivation, and Poultry. Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Fuel 100.00 17.39 82.61 Forests (86.00) LPG (6.00) Kerosene (8.00) Fodder 86.96 27.83 72.17 Forest (86.00) Market (14.00) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to mange 17.39 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap, 86.00 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 72.17 percent, majority of the people (86.00 per cent) were dependent on forests. Requirement
Availability
Gap
Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be developed and strengthened. •
Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Panchayat level.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from primary to middle and similar pattern is clearly visible for higher education.
•
In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity. Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:5 Page No:
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•
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.
•
Social participation should be encouraged. There is a need to educate the people about the importance of cooperatives, self help groups and youth clubs. Further, they may be motivated to establish these rural institutions. While using the People Rural Appraisal (PRA), it is noted that most of the people were not having knowledge about development activities. Thus, their participation in such institutions may be encouraged to improve their knowledge about developmental activities.
•
In the study area agriculture/horticulture is one of the major sources of family income. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.
•
Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
The presence of banks remains quite low in study area. The banks already working in the study area has gained confidence among local people. But still some percentage of population in study area prefers to borrow money from relatives. Bank people are required to make effort to win the confidence of these people also.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap in fuel majority of people re dependent on forests for fuel wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.
•
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.
•
Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
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3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK SERAJ (Janjehali)
• • • • •
•
• •
Basic Statistics No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan Cost of 0.5% additional area(14 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha) Cost of 1 % area (28 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (14 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)***
• Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (14 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** • 0.5 % of area (14 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** • One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** • One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (5 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** • 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (14 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** • Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 5 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 5 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha • One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (5 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** • Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
5 ** 30 to 85 %** 2817 ha** < 10 %** 28 % 35 % Rs. In Lakhs 14.00
2.80 2.10
8.40 14.96 17,25 14.80 14.00 0.96 1.14 1.25 14.60 1.73 5.00 112.99