Vol3- Karsog

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 7 Page No:

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Chapter 7: Community Development Block Karsog 1. Data TABLE NO:10 HORTICULTURE CROPS Almond Apple Citrus Daroo Lemon Mango Pears Plum Pomegranate

AREA

14.5 594.75 7 15 2 8 20 10 1

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL % 100 98.2 100 100 100 75 0 100 100

IMPROVED % 0 1.8 0 0 0 25 100 0 0

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED % 0 1.8 100 16.67 0 25 0 0 0

UNIRRIGATED % 100 98.2 0 83.33 100 75 100 100 100

MEAN FYM 7.5 20.24 1 0 2 6.5 5 5 1

MEAN YIELD 1.44 154.59 0 1.07 0 1.83 0.12 0.2 0.5

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

MEAN SALE

PESTICIDES

YES%

NO%

YES%

NO%

1682.76 7728.7 0 21333.33 0 2125 312.5 200 1500

75 73.87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 26.13 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

87.5 96.4 0 16.67 100 25 0 0 100

12.5 3.6 100 83.33 0 75 100 100 0

MEAN FYM

MEAN YIELD

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%

6.47 15.3 3.67 3 10.49 8.18 6.33 5 14.34

1.69 2.44 0.42 1.9 2.27 1.93 1.31 2.94 1.87

0.83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.59

SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOC AL% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

GOVT .% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%

NO%

87.5 74.77 0 100 100 75 100 100 100

12.5 25.23 100 0 0 25 0 0 0

TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS

Barley Maize Mustard Onion Paddy Potato Rajmash Urd Wheat

AREA

151 477 4 1 130.5 130 86 21.5 534.25

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%

6.61 7.84 33.33 100 31.11 7.69 2.35 22.73 10.06

93.39 92.16 66.67 0 68.89 92.31 97.65 77.27 89.94

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

99.17 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99.41

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%

23.97 23.53 33.33 0 22.22 19.23 22.35 36.36 23.08

76.03 76.47 66.67 100 77.78 80.77 77.65 63.64 76.92

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TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS

Arbi Bookli Cabbage Cauliflower French Beans Ginger IceVerg Jugni Juogari Papchi Peas Red salad Yellow Salad

AREA

2 1 15 11 1.5 7 1.5 2 0.5 1 230 1.5 1.5

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%

100 0 100 100 100 100 33.33 0 100 0 100 0 33.33

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%

0 100 0 0 0 0 66.67 100 0 100 0 100 66.67

100 0 66.67 88.89 0 66.67 100 66.67 100 0 13.54 50 100

0 100 33.33 11.11 100 33.33 0 33.33 0 100 86.46 50 0

MEAN FYM

MEAN YIELD

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%

5 6 6.42 5.89 15 6.67 6.67 7 5 6 11.22 5.5 6.67

3.5 3 3 2.55 2 2.86 1.33 5 0 2 2.26 1.33 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.08 0 0

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97.92 100 100

0 0 58.33 77.78 0 50 66.67 66.67 0 0 32.29 50 66.67

100 100 41.67 22.22 100 50 33.33 33.33 100 100 67.71 50 33.33

TABLE NO:13

LIVES STOCKS

NO OF LIVES

HEALTH CARE YES%

NO%

NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATURA BOTH AI% NO% L% %

BREED IMPROV LOCAL% ED%

STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH GRAZIN STALL% BOTH% No% G%

MEAN CONCE NTRATE FED

Buffalo Bullocks

3 236

0 0.85

100 99.15

33.33 1.71

33.33 0

0 0

33.34 97.44

100 98.29

0 1.71

100 55.56

0 34.19

0 10.25

0 0

0.83 0.38

Cows Donkeys/Mules Goat Heifers Horse/Ponnies Sheep

302 5 429 7 1 171

0 0 0 0 0 4.76

100 100 100 100 100 95.24

35.59 0 85.71 0 0 61.9

54.86 0 4.76 0 0 0

6.21 0 0 0 0 0

2.86 100 9.53 100 100 38.1

61.02 100 100 100 100 85.71

38.98 0 0 0 0 14.29

80.23 66.67 9.52 100 100 14.29

13.56 33.33 85.71 0 0 80.95

6.21 0 4.77 0 0 4.76

0 0 0 0 0 0

7.47 0.5 0 0.12 0.5 0

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

MEAN LACT ATIO N

MEAN YIELD

181.3 3 0 484.0 7 0 0 0 0 0

1166.

67 0 1840.

14 0 0 0 0 0

AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%

NO%

100 72.65

0 27.35

76.27 66.67 85.71 50 100 57.14

23.73 33.33 14.29 50 0 42.86

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 7 Page No:

TABLE NO : 14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES GENERAL% CAST CATEGORY

SC% ST% OBC %

ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE

YES% NO% YES% NO% YES%

DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE

NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM)

TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER

YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE% +TWO%

EDUCATION(MALE)

MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE%

EDUCATION(FEMALE)

+TWO% MATRIC% MIDDLE%

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

194 84.54 14.94 0 0.52 98.97 1.03 73.2 26.8 54.12 45.88 2.07 97.94 2.06 90.72 9.28 580 527 8.7931 15.5172 24.3103 14.4828 26.3793 10.5173 4.36 10.82 18.03 11.57

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Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 7 Page No:

25.05 30.17 8021350 10719450 4334000 1085000 124535.1

PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% SERVICE AGRI/HOTI

ANNUAL INCOME

62

LABOUR MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME

TABLE NO:14(A)

MAHILA MANDAL %

45.36

YOUTH CLUB %

0

SHG %

0

MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA MANDAL MAHILA /YOUTH CLUB MANDAL/SHG % %

0

COOP %

0

0

ANY OTHER %

1.55

NO%

53.09

PRIVATE%

NO%

97.94

2.06

SOURCE OF BORROWING

COOP%

0

BANK%

CO-OP %

RELATIVES%

FRIENDS %

95.36

0.52

4.12

0

ANY OTHER %

0

FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER

Fuel Fodder

FUEL SOURCE

Forest LPG LPG,Forest

REQUIREMENT % YES%

AVALIBILITY%

NO%

99.48 89.69

0.52 10.31

SOURCE TO COVER GAP %

FODDER SOURCE

63.4 6.19 30.41

Forest Forest, Purchase Purchase No

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

GAP %

25.44 44.54

73.71 56.47

SOURCE TO COVER GAP %

82.47 4.64 4.12 8.77

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 7 Page No:

INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING

INTERESTED

No

Bee Keeping,Khaddi,Green House, Floriculture,Fishery,Poultry,Mushroom

MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTINGNAME

No

ANNUALINCOME

0

SUGGESTION

No

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64

2. Analysis District Mandi Community Development Block Karsog The socio-economic conditions of Karsog block are summarized in the following tables.

Table: 1

Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Per cent)

Religion Hindu

100.00

Category General 84.54 SC 14.94 OBC 0.52 ST 0.00 Table-1 reveals that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100.00. As far as caste category was concerned general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 84.54 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste category (14.94 percent).

The OBC category constituted 0.52 percent of the total sampled households.

Table: 2

Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.

Village Level

Family level

Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility

Yes 73.02 54.12 2.07 K.M.* 98.97 97.94 90.72

(Per cent) NO 26.08 45.88

1.3 2.6 9.28

*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 73.02 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads.

As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 54.12 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 2.07 K.M. to get medical help. Table further indicates that 2.6 per cent households were not having water connection and 9.28 per cent were going in open for defecation. As far as electricity connection is concerned 1.3 per cent households were not having electric connection in their houses.

Table: 3

Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Number)

Gender Male 580 Female 527 Total 1107 Average size of family 5.70 Sex ratio* 908 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 5.70 members. In the study area sex ratio was 908.

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Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:7 Page No:

Table: 4

65

Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent) Educational Level Male Female Illiterate 10.52 30.17 Primary 26.38 25.05 Middle 14.48 11.57 Matriculate 24.31 18.03 Sr. Secondary 15.52 10.82 Degree 8.79 4.36 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regards the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (25.05 per cent) had their education up to primary level. The proportion of the female population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 11.57, 18.03 and 10.82 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 4.36 per cent of the female population were having degree. Among the male, majority of the population (26.38 per cent) were having education up to primary level. About 54 percent of male population had gone beyond primary level but there were only 8.79 per cent degree holder among the male sampled population.

Table: 5

Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10

Sr. No 1.

Particulars Horticulture/Agriculture

2.

Service

3.

Labour

4.

Miscellaneous

(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 55254 (50.66) 41347 (37.91) 6876 (6.30) 5592 (5.13) I09069

Total Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages.

In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were horticulture/agriculture, service and labour. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 1, 09,069. The major source of annual family income was agriculture/horticulture. It contributed about 50.66 per cent towards total family income.

Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 37.91 per cent. Labour was the next important source of family income. Its contribution was 6.30 per cent.

Table: 6

Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent) Participation (51.36) Mahila Mandal 45.36 Co-operatives 6.00 Youth Club 0.00 Self Help Groups 0.00 No Participation (48.64) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 51.36 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals and Co-operatives with 45.36 and 6.00 percentages, respectively.

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Table: 7

Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Cooperatives 0.00 Government 0.00 Private 100.00 Table – 7 reveals that all the respondents (100.00 per cent) were selling their produce to private parties.

Table: 8

Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent) Bank 95.36 Cooperative Society 0.52 Relatives 4.02 Friends 0.00 Any other 0.00 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (95.36 per cent) had taken loan from banks. The percentage of people who had taken loans from relatives was 4.02.

Table: 9

Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10

(Activities) Interested Bee Keeping, Poultry, Mushroom, Khaddi Floriculture, Fishery, Green House Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Very rare income generating activities existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Bee Keeping, Poultry, Mushroom, Khaddi, Floriculture, Fishery and Green House. The first three activities (Bee Keeping, Poultry, and Mushroom) had more attention.

Existing Khaddi

Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 Requirement

Availability

Gap

Fuel

100.00

25.00

75.00

Fodder

90.00

45.00

55.00

(Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Forests (78.00) LPG (22.00)

Forest (82.00) Market (18.00) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to mange 25 per cent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 78.00 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 55.00 percent, majority of the people (82.00 per cent) were dependent on forests.

Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be developed and strengthened.

•

Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram Panchayat level.

•

Family planning campaign needs to be started at Gram Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal variation form the average of state.

•

The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from primary to middle and similar pattern is clearly visible for higher education.

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•

In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education.

The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity.

•

The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.

•

Social participation should be encouraged. People should be educated regarding rural social institutions and encouraged to build these institutions as no existence of social participation is noticed in youth clubs and self help groups. During People Rural Appraisal it has come to notice that most of the people are not having knowledge about development activities. This can also be taken care be enhancing their social participation.

•

In the study area major source of family income is agriculture/horticulture. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors.

Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.

•

Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.

•

The presence of banks remains quite low in study area. The banks already working in the study area has gained no confidence among local people. People prefer to borrow money from relatives. Bank people are required to establish rapport with villagers to win their confidence.

•

In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.

•

There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.

•

To cover the gap in fuel majority of people re dependent on forests for fuel wood.

To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.

•

Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.

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Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.

3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK KARSOG

• •

Basic Statistics No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land

•

Farmers' owned land area

• •

Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan

• Cost of 0.5% additional area(60 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha) Cost of 1 % area (120 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** • Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (60 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** • Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (60 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** • 0.5 % of area (60 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** • One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** • One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (27 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** • 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (60 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** • Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 50 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 50 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha • One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (27 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** • Cost of two Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads each 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 8 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures

27 ** 30 to 85 %** 11969 ha** < 10 %** 30 % 45 % Rs. In Lakhs 60.00

•

Total Source * ** *** **** ***** ******

Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

12.00 9.00 36.00 64.13 17.25 79.92 60.00

9.56 11.40 6.75 29.20 3.46 10.00 408.67