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Chapter 10: Community Development Block Narkanda 1. Data TABLE NO:10 AREA HORTICULTURE CROPS Almond Apple Apricot,Chuli Cherry Pears Plum
117.5 477 10.5 3 7.5 6.5
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL IMPROVED % % 100 0 98.31 1.69 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATED IRRIGATED UNIRRIGATED % % 4 96 1.69 98.31 0 100 0 100 20 80 0 100
MEAN FYM 15.7 44.53 30.3 3.5 5.2 9.5
MEAN YIELD 2.81 59.19 0.19 16.67 1.73 1.69
MEAN SALE 3617.27 17731.19 0 2500 6571.43 3076.92
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES NO % % 60 40 94.92 5.08 50 50 50 50 80 20 50 50
PESTICIDES YES NO % % 92 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 80 100 100
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL GOVT NO % % % 96 0 4 100 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 50 100 0 0 100 0 0
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES NO % % 44 56 49.15 50.85 50 50 0 100 20 80 100 0
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS Barley Kolth Maize Paddy Potato Rajmash Urd Wheat
AREA 53 3 83 16 11 34 21 89
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL % IMPROVED % 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATED IRRIGATED % UNIRRIGATED % 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
9.94 15 14.24 11.88 7 7.79 8.64 18.47
0.29 0.67 0.61 1.09 0.86 0.25 0.24 0.57
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES % NO % 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES % NO % 96.77 3.23 100 0 96.97 3.03 100 0 77.78 22.22 96.43 3.57 92.86 7.14 97.22 2.78
TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS Peas
AREA 23
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL % IMPROVED % 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED % UNIRRIGATED % 0 100
MEAN FYM 45
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
MEAN YIELD 1.87
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES % NO % 50 50
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES % NO % 100 0
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TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCK Bullocks Cows Heifers
NO OF LIVES 19 96 5
HEALTH CARE YES %
NO %
0 13.7 0
100 86.3 100
NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATURAL % 0 8.22 0
AI % 10 90.41 0
BOTH % 0 0 0
BREED NO % 90 1.37 100
LOCAL % 0 0 0
IMPROVED % 100 100 100
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH STALL % 0 93.15 0
GRAZING % 90 4.11 0
BOTH % 0 2.74 0
MEAN CONCENTRATE FED
MEAN LACTATION
MEAN YIELD
0 2.8 0
0 257.47 0
0 2917.4 0
TABLE NO : 14
CAST CATEGORY
NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES GENERAL % ST%
ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER
OBC % SC % YES % NO% YES% NO% YES% NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE % +TWO %
EDUCATION(MALE)
MATRIC% MIDDLE % PRIMARY ILLITRATE %
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
88 81.82
0 0 18.18 98.86 1.14 92.05 7.95 60.23 39.77 2 95.45 4.55 98.86 1.14 269 245
14.5 14.5 31.97 19.7 14.13 5.2
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES NO % % 100 0 82.19 17.81 100 0
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12.17 10.43 24.35 21.74 15.22 16.09 10722570 9442400 1095600 1099600 254092.8
DEGREE % +TWO % MATRIC %
EDUCATION(FEMALE)
MIDDLE % PRIMARY % ILLITRATE % TOTAL SERVICE AGRI/HOTI
ANNUAL INCOME
92
LABOUR MISC
TOTAL INCOME
TABLE NO:14(A) MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE %
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION % MAHILA MANDAL %
NO%
61.37
SHG% 34.09
CO-OP%
2.27
2.27
PRIVATE% 98.86
NO% 1.14
SOURCE OF BORROWINGS %
BANK %
FRIENDS%
84.08
1.14
RELATIVES %
FRIENDS/RELATIVES %
10.23
4.55
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER FUEL FODDER
REQUIREMENTS YES % 98.86 68.18
NO % 1.14 31.82
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
AVAILABILITY %
GAP %
26.99 31.7
71.99 37.22
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Forest LPG LPG,Forest LPG,Private
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
4.55 34.09 53.41 7.95
FODDER SOURCE
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
Forest Forest, Purchase LPG LPG,Forest No Private Purchase
38.64 9.09 1.14 1.14 35.23 3.41 11.36
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING
INTERESTED
No
Bee Keeping,Sewing,Embroidery,Poultry,Mushroom,Khaddi,Floriculture,Fishery,Dairy form
MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTIN GNAME
ANNUAL INCOME
No
SUGGESTIONS 0
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No
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2. Analysis District Shimla Community Development Block Narkanda The socio-economic conditions of Narkanda block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Hindu
100.00
Category General 81.82 SC 18.18 OBC 0.00 ST 0.00 It can be observed from the Table-1 that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100.00. As far as caste category was concerned general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 81.82 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste category (18.18 percent). Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level
Family level
Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Yes 92.05 60.23 2.00 K.M.* 98.86 95.45 98.86
(Per cent) NO 7.95 39.77
1.14 4.55 1.14
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 92.05 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 60.23 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 2.00 K.M. to get medical help. Table further indicates that 4.5 per cent households were not having water connection and 1.14 per cent were going in open for defecation. As far as electricity connection is concerned 1.14 per cent households were not having electric connection in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 269 Female 245 Total 514 Average size of family 5.8 Sex ratio* 911 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 5.08 members. In the study area sex ratio was 911.
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Table: 4
95
Educational Level, Study Area,2009-10
(Per cent) Educational Level Male Female Illiterate 5.02 16.09 Primary 14.13 15.22 Middle 19.07 21.74 Matriculate 31.97 24.35 Sr. Secondary 14.05 10.43 Degree 14.05 12.17 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regards the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (24.35 per cent) had their education up to matriculation. Among the male also majority of the population (31.97 per cent) were having education up to matriculation. The degree holder among males and females were 14.05 and 12.17 per cent, respectively. Table: 5
Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10
Sr. No 1.
Particulars Service
2.
Horticulture/Agriculture
3.
Labour
4.
Miscellenous Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 121847 (47.96) 107300 (42.23) 12450 (4.89) 12495 (4.92) 254092 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were service, horticulture/agriculture. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 2, 54,092. The major source of annual family income was service. It contributed about 47.96 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was horticulture/agriculture, as it contributed about 423.23 per cent. Miscellaneous and labour were having almost equal contribution as sources of family income. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (65.91) Co-operatives 2.27 Mahila Mandal 61.37 Self Help Groups 2.27 Youth Club No Participation (34.09) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 65.91 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals, Self Help Groups and Cooperatives with 61.37, 2.27, 2.27 percentages, respectively. The participation in youth club was nil. Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 98.86 Government 1.14
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Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that majority of the respondents (98.86 per cent) were selling their produce to private parties followed by Government with 1.14 percent percentage. Table: 8
Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent)
Bank 84.08 Relatives 10.23 Friends 1.14 Cooperatives 0.00 Any other 4.55 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (84.08 per cent) were taking loans from banks followed by relatives and friends. The table further reveals that 4.55 per cent of households were approaching money lenders to take loans. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10
(Activities) Interested Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Poultry, Mushroom, Khaddi, Floriculture, Fishery Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. The existing income generating activities in the study area were sewing and poultry and people were interested in Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Poultry, Mushroom, Khaddi, Floriculture, and Fishery. Existing Sewing, Poultry
Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Requirement Availability Gap Sources to cover gap by household Fuel 100.00 26.99 73.01 Forests (23.00) LPG (59.00) Kerosene (18.00) Fodder 68.18 31.07 68.93 Forest (79.00) Market (21.00) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to mange 26.99 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 23.00 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 68.93 percent, majority of the people (79.00 per cent) were dependent on forests. Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be developed and strengthened. •
Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram Panchayat level.
•
Family planning campaign needs to be started at Gram Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal variation form the average of state.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from matriculation to senior secondary. In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and develop self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity. Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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•
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.
•
Social participation should be encouraged. There is a need to educate the people about the importance of co-operatives, self help groups and youth clubs. Further, they may be motivated to establish these rural institutions. While using the People Rural Appraisal (PRA), it is noted that most of the people were not having knowledge about development activities. Thus, their participation in such institutions may be encouraged to improve their knowledge about developmental activities.
•
In the study area agriculture/horticulture is one of the major sources of family income. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.
•
Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
The presence of banks remains quite good in study area. But people still prefer to borrow money from relatives and other agencies. Bank people are required to establish rapport with villagers to win their confidence.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap in fuel majority of people re dependent on forests for fuel wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.
• •
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates. Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
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3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK NARKANDA
• • • • •
Basic Statistics No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan
• Cost of 0.5% additional area(26 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha) Cost of 1 % area (53 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** • Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (26 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** • Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (26 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** • 0.5 % of area (26 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** • One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** • One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (10 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** • 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (26 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** • Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 20 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 20 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha • One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed ( Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** • Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures
10 ** 30 to 85 %** 5257 ha** < 5 %** 41 % 55 % Rs. In Lakhs 26.00
•
Total Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
5.30 3.90 15.60 27.79 17.25 29.60 26.00
3.82 4.56 2.50
14.60 1.73 5.00 183.65