6 lobsang-tenzin by Ngawang tharpa

„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾GÅ-mÛü 1966 ¾ô¼¿Ë - Å-£-mG-Ÿô ¾ -hÝ - ºFâ P Åü ¾ô - zMh-mÅ-zTß - GÅÞ ¤ -z¼-zô m Áôh-ÇÀôz-VßP-hÝ-zBôhü ¾ô-zTß-zŸÛ-mÅ-zTß-hGÝ-z¼-¿Ë-Å-ÇÀôzºƒÛ P -ÍP-hP-qô º Û - ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -GmP-ü 1987 ¾ô ¼ -zô h -¿Y ô P ÅÇÀ ô z -IÔ - Vï m -¤ô ¼ -ÇÀ ô z -ŸÝ G Å-GmP-¤Þ ¼ - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å 5 ZÛm-GŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-hP-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-GmP-Aïm-M-h¤G-GÛÅ-º²Ûmz¸Þ P -‚Å-bï - LÝ - ±¼-zTß G - 1989 ¹- 1 ±ï Å - 19 ZÛ m -M-GŸÝ P -FÛ ¤ Å-DP-GÛ Å -Mh¤G-»ô m -Éï - Ém-zÅh-qºÛ - Zï Å -¤Û P -z;¾-zºÛ - ºô G -¾ô - GZÛ Å -Xï Å -Æô G -fô G -GbP-Mã FÛ ¤ Å-fG-zThü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Æô G -FÛ ¤ Å-zTh-»ô h -ˆP-IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DPhÝ - zŸÝ G Å-¼Û P -zô h -hô m -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -fï P Å-GÅÞ ¤ -HÛ - hzÞ - FÛ h -GmP-zÅ-ºhô ¤ -GP-Iâ zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-hÝ-¸Þ¼-zTßG-fïPÅ-zŸÛ-hP-¾ô-GTÛG-hP-¹-z-zMh-¼ÛP-ZÛm-¤±m-¿eôÅ¤ïh-@P-¿UGÅ-zMzü xÛ-mP-Mã-Aïm-Ço-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÆôG-fôG-zbP¤-fÞ z -q¼- 1991 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 ZÛ m -¤fô - ¼Û ¤ -¤Û - ¤P-FÛ ¤ Å-DP-GÛ Å -±ï - z®ô m z¼-hÝ - Zï Å -q-wzü uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 28 ZÛ m -Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -bà - ºFÛ h -hï - DÞ ¾ hï º Û - ºh¤-Vß - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zTß G - 1994 ¾ô ¼ -±ï - z®ô m -mÅ-¾ô - zTô - zMh-hÝ - Zï Å -qwzü Dô P -LÝ - ±-hP-ü IÔ - zŸÛ ü ÍÞ - cï - bà h ü (zô h -¼P-Bô P -¿Y ô P Å-z®ô m -DP-ÍP-GÅÞ ¤ -q)GÅP-»Û z -ÅÛ - Fâ º Þ ü Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -GÛ - ºh¤-Vß - z®ô m -DP-ü ¤²ô - m-z®ô m -DP-zTÅz®ô m -DP-DG-iâ G -ºIÛ ¤ Å-¥ô P -ŸÛ P -h-Ç+ z Å-Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -DÞ ¾ -¤²ô - m-z®ô m -DP-hÝ z®ô m -zTß G -‚Å-»ô h -q-hP-ü M-h¤¼-HÛ - Zï Å -Vh-GŸÛ ¼ -z¸Þ P -m-Dô P -uÛ - ¾ô - 2006 mP-JÀôh-ºIô¾-fôz-Mã-»Ûm-»P-ü h-Ç+zÅ-DôP-¤D¾-¤ºÛ-m-±Å-Ç+ïh-q-hHïh-hGÝ¼h;º-z-hP-ü ŸzÅ-hP-qÞ Å -¤ô ¼ -m-¸Þ G -Gbô P -zü Æô G -½À â P -GÛ Å -Ç‰ Û P -D¼-lô - Vï m ŸÛ G -zŸG-q-¿e - zÞ º Û - ±ô ¼ -Ço P -GÛ - m-¸Þ G -Gbô P -zü ¤Gô - zô ¼ -¸Þ G -G¸ï ¼ -»P-»P-zMzTÛP-um-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-¾Å-¤Û-¤fôP-z-ÅôGÅ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-fh-È-TP-²-iG-GÛÅ-ºWÛG-dïmºhÛ ¼ -º±ô - GmÅ-fÞ z -¤Û - fÞ z -ˆÛ - GmÅ-ÅÞ - H¼-»ô h ü

Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -hï z -yï P .ü 6

9-10-3

Gu-Chu-Sum Book Published by the Gu-Chu-Sum Movement of Tibet (Ex -political Prisoners’ Association) Jogibara Road, P.O Mcleod Ganj, Dharamsala-176219 H.P.India. www.guchusum.org Biography of an activist. Vol 6

(The courage to Rebel Against Oppressor

z®m-Gmôm-¾-Lô¾-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-ÇeôzÅü ¯ô¤-OÛG-qü

„Àô-z¸P-z=-ÁÛÅü

zôh-ˆÛ-hGÝ-zTß-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-±ôGÅ-qü Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-hïz-yïP-ü 6

Printed at Indraprastha Press (CBT), New Delhi.

M¾-GTïÅ-ˆÛ-GŸôm-mÝ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûmü

z®m-Gmôm-¾-Lô¾-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-ÇeôzÅü

zôh-GŸÝP-hGº-¿km-wô-ƒP-hzÞ-z½‰ïÅ-mÅ¤Û-¾ô- 360 ºDô¼-z¼-z;º-iÛmXïÅ-im-ŸÝü

iâ G -qü ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü----------------------------36 zhÝ m -qü Í-¼Û º Û - Ç+ Ý - ±z-±ô G Å-q¼-zhï - Çk Ý G »Û - Gï - wÞ ¾ -zü --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 zMh-qü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-¤Û-Pm-hï¤-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ ü----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52 hGÝ-qü Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-Çtô-Bï¾-‚Å-qü --------------------56 zTß-qü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝÇk ô h -Ç+ z Åü-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65 ¾-ï ± m-GZÛ Å -qü ¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -GŸô m -mÝ „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P -ü-----------------------------------73 ¾ï - ±m-GÅÞ ¤ -qü P-±ô º Û - º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-z¸P-qô ü GPÅ-¿Ë - ¤ô ü ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------87

h;¼-VG ¼P-GŸÝP-xÛ-iÛ¾-¿Ëm-DP-mÅ-z°¾-zºÛ-Vïh-zXôhü q¼-Cæm-GÅ¾-zÁhü hP-qôü ¯ô¤-OÛG-qºÛ-JÀïP-zXôhü ¿S-qü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-¤hô¼-zÇkÝÅü -----------------------------1

¾ï-±m-hP-qôü z®ôm-DP-mP-zIP-‚-GZÛÅ-¿ËG-GÁÛzÅ±ï - Ç¨ ô m -JÀ Û P -Çt ï m -qü qºÛ-ºfz-IôGÅ-z¸P-qôü hP-qô ü n-z¼-fô Å -qºÛ - zG-VGÅü ---------------------------------------------------7 GZÛ Å -qü IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zô h -hô m -±ô G Å-qz®ß G Å-qü ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 GÅÞ ¤ -qü ºIô G Å-ºiÛ Å -ÅÞ - Hã ¼ -qºÛ - zMã h -¼Û ¤ -hP-ü ¤fô - ¼Û ¤ -M-hqô m -¾-zhï m -q-zh¼-zü -------------------------------------------17 zŸÛ - qü ºVÛ - GÅô m -HÛ - Gh¤-;-½‰ ï h -qü------------------------------------------21 ¿S - qü z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü--------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

zMh-qü ¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -qºÛ - JÀ ï P -zXô h ü

TÛ¼-h¤m-q¼-dïm-ºhÛ¼-±ÛG-hôm-GZÛÅ-¾-Bôm-¤VÛÅ-q-mÛ-ºzz-VßfÞ¼-hÝ-MãG-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾-¾Å-¤-ºhÅ-qÅ-Bôm-Åï¾-hGï-zOæz-ˆÛhGôPÅ-ºV¼-¤²âz-¤ô-¼Û-Çeôm-±ß¾-HÛ-¤²h-q¼-hGº-GÝÅ-„À-¤ïh-ŸÝü „À ô - z¸P-z=-ÁÛ Å -ˆÛ Å -zô h -M¾-¾ô - 2130 ¼z-GmÅVß-¾ÞG-¾ôºÛ-Iô-zŸÛm-¹-zºÛ-h;¼-xôGÅ-M¾-z-GÅÞ¤-qü uÛ - ¾ô - 2003 ¹- 9 ±ï Å - 8 ¾ü

q¼-Cæ m -GÅ¾-zÁhü

hP-qô ü

q¼-Cæm-GÅ¾-zÁhü ºwôPÅ-ÁÛP-hôm-¤ïh-z;ô¾-uôh-GhÝP-zÅ-¤m¼üü z½‰Å-ÇkP-ÆôG-¾-ºWÛGÅ-qºÛ-hPPÅ-CG-GÛÅüü GÁÛm-XïºÛ-IôP-Eï¼-¿e-zÞ¼-Hã¼-q-»Ûüü VôÅ-¿km-GPÅ-Tm-q-n¤Å-TÛ-»ÛÅ-môPÅüü ŸïÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÅÞ-zTh-qºÛ-ÇSæm-zÅÞÅ-bï-hïP-Ç+zÅ-±m-¼ÛGºyâ¾-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-bï-º²¤-JÀÛP-ºhÛ-»P-VßP-hÝ-xÛm-q-¿e-zÞ-hP-ü ¤ÛºÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-»P-ŸÛ-z-hP-zhïm-q¼-Mz-Bô¼-hGº-¤ôÅ-Vï-zü M¾Dz-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-zTÅ-h‚ï-z-¤ïh-q¼-¤ÛºÛ-¿Ëm-BïÅ-¼PhzP-¾-Æâ P -Bô z -hP-ü ¤m¼-GTô h -hP-z®m-Gmô m -¼Û P -¾Þ G Å-¾Pô-Lô¾ü ¤m¼-GTôh-¥ôP-¤Dm-¾-Mz-Bô¼-hP-GhÝP-Åï¤Å-¤Z¤zBïh-‚ïh-qºÛ-zÅ¤-hôm-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤fô-½ÀzÅ-ºxã¼-zŸÛm-»ôhü ºhÅqºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-mP-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-¼P-hzP-hP-ü zôh-¤ÛºÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-&GôPÅ-BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-GÛ-¤²¤-JÀÛP-;Ým-Ez-ŸÛ-zhïºÛ-z;º-ÇÀôzfïPÅ-¤P-GmP-z¼-XïÅ-ÅÞ-»Û-¼PÅ-hP-Mz-Bô¼-GmP-¤Dm-»P-

GZÛ Å -qü

q¼-Cæ m -GÅ¾-zÁhü

ZÝ P -ZÝ P -¤Û m ü hï - zŸÛ m -M-mG-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -zô h -ˆÛ - Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qGÅÞ¤-ÇS-XïÅ-JÀôh-q-»P-GôP-GÅ¾-iP-zhïm-¾-hGº-zºÛ-º²¤-JÀÛP¤Û-¤P-n¤Å-ˆÛ-ÇeôzÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¿ËG-q¼-Vïh-hÝ-zôh-hôm-fôG-¼P-mÝÅ»ôh-±h-ºhôm-¤Dm-HÛ-zôh-hôm-Mz-Bô¼-±ôGÅ-q-DG GŸÝP-hPGŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-qü ¤Û-¤P-zTÅ-ˆÛÅ-Ç+Ý-P¾-zBômqºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¾Å-DôP-±ô-±ï-f¼-z®ôm-Iô¾-hP-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-ˆÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅfôz-q¼-ºhÛ-G-±ôGÅ-q-mÅ-fÞGÅ-Xï-Ç‰ÛP-hzÞÅ-mÅ-Vï-ŸÝ-»Û-»ôhü hhÝP-»P-zôh-hÝ-zôh-¤Û-±ô¼-GŸÛ-¯ºÛ-ºIô-z-¤ÛºÛ-fôz-fP-GÛ-¼P-hzP®¤-¾ôPÅ-ÅÞ-uôh-hzP-¤ïh-¾-¤m¼-GTôh-ˆÛ-½ÀâP-º±ßz-Mãm-¤fÞhMG-zŸÛm-»ôhü h-¼ïÅ-ºhÛ-G-±ôGÅ-qÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ¾ô - Mã Å -hï z -yï P -iâ G -q-ºhÛ - zŸÛ m -uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 mÅ-h-z¼-¤m¼-GTôh-¥ôP-zŸÛm-q-zôh-¿YôPÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ôºÛ-ÇÀôzyâG-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-¤Û-±ïºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-hÝ¤-zÞü z®m-Gmôm-¾-Lô¾-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-ÇeôzÅü ŸïÅ-q-ºhÛ-hq¼-Cæm-‚ïh-hGôÅqºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-G®ô-zô-GZÛÅ-»ôhü hP-qôü DôP-M-¤ÛºÛ-z®ôm-DPmP-±h-¾Å-ºhÅ-qºÛ-¤m¼-GTôh-zbP-Aïm-¤ÛG-¤Û-GÅ¾-z-hP-ü Ç‰ Û P -mhü ¤Gô - zô ¼ -¸Þ G -¸ï ¼ -zMz-qü Ç+ ï h -q-hHï ¼ -hGÝ ¼ -h;ºz-ÅôGÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-qôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-È-TP-GÛ-Z¤-Ÿm-hÝ-Hã¼-»ôh-qÅ-

q¼-Cæ m -GÅ¾-zÁhü

GÅÞ ¤ -qü

GP-¤Hô G Å-JÀ ô h -z=ô ¾ -fô z -Vï h -»Û m ü GZÛ Å -qü &uÛ - mô ¼ -Gô P -ÅBzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-mÅ-GÅÞ¤-zTßºÛ-hÝÅ-im-fïPÅ- 28 qºÛfôG-z°¾-zºÛ-z;º-ÇÀôz-mP-ü hï-ÇS-Åô-Åô-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-fôG-¾-GmÅ±ß¾-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm-GŸm-¸ï¼-XïÅ-ºƒPÅ-¤-»ÛmqºÛ-DÞPÅ-¿km-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¼P-GÛÅ-¤fôP-fôÅ-‚ãP-z-hG-±P-¤Åhô - Ço P -Vï m -qô Å -»Û G -fô G -bà - ºGô h -hGô Å ü hï - ºi-¤-‚Å-mü GmÅ±ß¾-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-WÛ-Ç‰ïh-¼P-fôG-bà-¥PÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-¼Û¤-zŸÛmμôGÅ-ºIô-»Û-»ôhü ¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÁÛG-¾-hïºÛ-±ï-hïºÛ-hÝÅÇkÝG-qô-Ÿï-qô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-¼ïh-TïÅ-Çtô¤-±ÛG-®¤-¤-GbôGÅ-GTÛG-mÅGZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zMãh-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛz-±GÅ-ÅÞ-¾ºP-Áôh-Mã-¤ïh-q-VGÅMã º Û - Zï m -D-ºhÝ G hï ¼ -dï m -hPô Å -‚ã P -¾ô - Mã Å -MÅ-zÇk Ý Å -GP»Ûm-»P-»ÛG-fôG-¾-z;ôh-hï-»ÛG-V-¤P-®¤-ºhôm-fzÅ-‚ïh-hGôÅŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-qºÛ-hGôPÅ-hôm-hP-ü ¿ËG-q¼-z®m-‚ô¾-uÛ-±ôGÅ-mPÇS¼-hP-¤Û-ºi-z¼-±ôGÅ-Çkï-hP-¤Û-ÇKï¼-GP-¼ÞP-mÅ-hïz-¼ÛGÅ-Ço±ôGÅ-hq¼-zCæm-‚Å-hP-‚ïh-zŸÛm-»ôh-m-»P-¾Å-GŸÛ-ºhÛºÛ-fôGh¤Û G Å-z;¼-xG-¾Å-GmP-¤Dm-¤ï h -D¼ü ¼P-»Þ ¾ -zô h -mP-hÝ GŸÛ-¯ºÛ-¬-zXôh-¼P-hzP-®¤-»P-¤ïh-m-¤Û-±ïºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-PG-Mãm®¤-¾Å-»ÛG-fôG-ºGôh-Mã-ÁÛm-bà-h;º-z-¤-¸h-GŸÛÅ-‚ïÅ-GZÛÅ-

zŸÛ - qü q¼-Cæ m -GÅ¾-zÁhü

;¼-Lm-¼zÅ-n¤Å-ÇoÝ¤-¸h-ˆÛ-¤¼-¤ï-¿e¼-μôGÅ-¾-Zï-z¼-dïmü BÛhÇkÝG-¤Û-ºi-z-zMãh-qºÛ-¤Û-±ïºÛ-hPôÅ-¥ôP-hPôÅ-‚ãP-GÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-hï-hG¼P-GÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-fôG-GÅôG-Oæz-Z¼-±GÅ-‚-Mã-G¾-Vï¼-¤fôP-Çeïü ºhÛ-G-±ôGÅ-qÅ-P¾-z-ºDÞ¼-„ÀPÅ-ˆÛÅ-¾ô-ÁÅ-ÇSôm-mÅ-¾Å-GŸÛºhÛ-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-bï-h-z¼-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-hïz-yïP-¿S-qz¼-hq¼-Cæm-‚ïh-fÞz-q-‚ãP-z-hP-h-¼ïÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ºhÛ-»P-hô-zhG-¤Þm-z®ôm-hÝ-GmÅ-¤ÞÅ-ÅôPºhÛ-G¼-DôP-GÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ŸÛz-TÛP-y-z-ŸÛG-GmÅ-zz-ˆÛ-Aïm-¾Å-¾Gbà - Åô m -fzÅ-hzï m -»P-ü ºhÛ - G-±ô G Å-q-hP-hï - zŸÛ m -ºƒï ¾ -»ô h ¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾ô-MãÅ-f¼-fô¼-»ôh-q-n¤Å-º±ô¾-ÇkÝh-hP-hïzŸÛ m -Dô P -¼P-GÛ - ºiÛ Å -»ô h -ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-hP-z®ô m -Iô G Å-Åô G Å-¾zT¼-ºiÛ-ŸÝÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-bï-¾ô-MãÅ-ˆÛ-G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m-V-±P-zŸÛG-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Iâz-Çeï-M-VïºÛ->ÀôG-q-qô-n¤Å-¾-um-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-fÞz-qºhÛÅ-GôP-Ç¨ôm-zŸÛm-DôP-GP-¤HôGÅ-JÀôh-ºIô¾-»ôP-zºÛ-Mz-Bô¼»ôP-z-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm-WÛ-ÆÛh-zôh-¤Û¼-¼P-hzP-¤-fôz-hï-ÆÛh-hÝ¼ôGÅ-¼¤-»ôP-zºÛ-¼ï-ºzôh-hP-zTÅü zôh-ˆÛ-hGÝ-zTß-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-G®ô»ï - Áï Å -dô G Å-¿k m -HÛ Å ü uÛ - ¾ô - 2003 ¹- 9 ±ï Å - 5 ZÛ m ü

¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -qºÛ - JÀ ï P -zXô h ü ¿S - qü

¯ô¤-OÛG-qºÛ-JÀïP-zXôhü {}ü üzôh-hôm-¾-fÞGÅ-ÇoP-¤²h-¤Û-ŸÛG-»Ûm-±ï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP-hï-O-º²Ûm-zÞ-G¼-¤-Åôm-q-»ôP-¤Û-ÆÛh-¾-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-¾-GhÝP-Åï¤Å-¤Z¤-zBïh-¤²h-¤Dm-»P-ÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºhÛ¼-IPÅ-ZÝP-ŸÛG-Gbm-mÅ-¤Ûmü DôP-GÛ-¾P-±ô-Áï-¤Þm-hÝ-ºhº»P-ü GÅï¼-Å-ºôG-m-»ôh-mü ºôh-m¤-¤Dº-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-hqï-¿e¼-DôPGÛ-zhïm-qºÛ-ºôh-ÇoP-GPÅ-h;¼-HÛ-hzÞ-©ôG-¾Å-¼ÛP-hÝ-zL¾-»ôhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-G»ô-NåºÛ-ºW¤-ƒÛh-ˆÛÅ-¤Gô-¤Û-ºDô¼-zºÛ-¼PÇe ô z Å-ˆÛ - n¤-hrô h -hP-ü zhï m -Çe ô z Å-Iô G Å-ÅÞ - £m-ŸÛ P -¼P-Æô G ºhô¼-z¼-fï-¤Û-±ô¤-qºÛ-„Àô-ÇeôzÅü ¼P-±ßGÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ¿e-z-»P-GbÛP-¸z-»ôhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-mÛ-Pô-GmôPÅ-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-D-z-¼Û-qºÛwÞ¾-‚ãP-hqº-zô-GŸôm-mÝ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-ŸÛG-hP-M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-GÅ¼zXïºÛ-h¼-h¤¼-ºôG-º±¼-¾ôPÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¤Û-¼zÅ-GÅ¼-q-ŸïÅ-ºÞh-

iâ G -qü ¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -qºÛ - JÀ ï P -zXô h ü

OôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-zôh-ˆÛ-m-GŸôm-n¤Å-ˆÛ-±z-¤±ôm-»P-»Ûmü h-z¼-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ºi-z-zô h -mP-¼P-hzPºfz-¯ôh-q-ÇÀôz-yâG-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-fôm-»ôh-¾-¼P-hzP-GÛ-Vïh-Ç+Ý-ÆôG¾ïGÅ-BïÅ-ÅÞ-wÞ¾-zºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-ˆP-IPÅ-ZÝP-ŸÛG-G-¾-»Ûmü ¿ËGq¼-zôh-¿YôPÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô¼-¼ÛG-GÅ¼-Ç+zÅ-ÇeG-yâG-GŸôm-mÝ±ôGÅ-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-hP-ü ¾ô-¼zÅ-zMh-Tß-qºÛ-mP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Û m -hP-ü GPÅ-¿Ë - ¤ô ü Í-±ï - ¼Û P .ü Zï - hÝ Å -z=-ÁÛ Å -¹-z-hP-ü zÞ-VßP-ÅôGÅ-M-h¤¼-HÛÅ-¿e-z-Pm-q-xÛ-‚ãGÅ-mP-„ÀâGÅ-‚Å-bï-ÇÀôzIÔ-Vïm-¤ô¼-ÇÀïzÅ-q-Á-ÇeG-¾Å-¼P-hzP-hP-¤P-G®ôºÛ-»Þ¾-hÝ-º±ôGmÅ-‚Å-q-ŸÛ G -Gbm-mÅ-¤Û m ü ºô m -bP-Dô - ±ô º Û - „À ô - D-zhï m -qºÛ xôGÅ-¾-ºDô¼-bï-zhïm-q-¤f¼-Bï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vôh-Åï¤Å-ˆP-G®P¤-z®ßGÅ-»ôhü hïÅ-P-±ôºÛ-ºfz-¯ôh-hï-¤fô-¼Û¤-GP-¸G-¼ï-GZÛÅ®¤-HÛ-Gmh-hôm-hP-M-h¤¼-HÛÅ-P-±ô-zTÛPÅ-z=ô¾-zbP-z-¤-»Ûmq¼-¼P-hzP-GÛ-Iô¾-z-¾Å-z®m-qôÅ-zÇk¤Å-q-hP-zÇk¤Å-q-hï¾Å-M¾-ºhôh-zôh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-TÛG-»Ûm-q-zhïmhqP‚Å-»ôhü M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-h-¤ÞÅ-ˆP-P-±ôºÛ-ºfz-¯ôh-hï-&GôP-Å-¤VôGÇ+Ý-ÇKï¼-HÛ-Gmh-hôm-GTÛG-qÞ¼-¿kôG-ºIï¾-‚ïh-zŸÛm-q-mÛ-¤ÛG-¿km-

¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -qºÛ - JÀ ï P -zXô h ü zhÝ m -qü

G»P-¤VôPÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ü hï-¤Ûm-m-ÇkÛG-q-¤ÛG-z®ß¤-ŸÛG-¤-»Ûm-m¤ü h-¿eºÛ-P-±ôÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ºƒï¾-»ôh-¤Û-Ço-hÝ-¤¼-ºƒï¾GbàGÅ-zHÛÅ-q-hP-hïºÛ-mP-mÅ-DôP-GÛ-ÇÀôz-IôGÅ-GPÅ-¿Ë-¤ô-hP-ü z®ôm-IôGÅ-±ï-Ç¨ôm-JÀÛP-Çtïm-qü Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-fÞz-zÇem-±ï-¼ÛP-zTÅˆÛ-zT¼-ºiÛ-hïz-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-»ôhü GPÅ-¿Ë-¤ôÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-ÇÀôz-yâG-Ç+zÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û-±ï-JÀïP-z-hP-ü Çtïm-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-HÛ-z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛ-h;º-ÇkÝG-JÀïP-zü Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-fÞz-zÇem-±ï¼ÛP-GÛÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛ-¤Û-±ï-JÀïP-z-®¤¤-¸h-DôP-GÛÅ-¤Û-¼zÅ-GôP-¤ºÛ-±z-zHÛÅ-mÅ-¤Û-¼zÅ-GÅ¼-q-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-GhïP-ºWôG-¸z-¤ô-GmP-»ôh-qÅ-zôh-GŸôm-ŸÛG»Ûm-m-¼P-GÛ-¤ïÅ-qôºÛ-GhïP-ºWôG-fôz-q-mÛ-¤Û-±ïºÛ-mP-VïÅ-¼Ûm-fP¿k m -q-ŸÛ G -¾ô Å -»Û m ü hï ¼ -dï m -P-±ô Å -h-z¼-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m HÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ÇS¼-hïz-mP-ºDôh-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-TßP-MÅ-ÁôÅ-hP-DôP-uÛ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å -¿S ¼ -z®ô m -hÝ - zTß G -q-mÅ-uÛ - ¾ô - 1992 ¹z-GÅÞ¤-q-z¼-HÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-GÛÅ-hqº-zô-DôP-GÛ-¤²h-qºÛV-ÁÅ-¤Eïm-¿km->ÀôG-q-qô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-um-¾¤-zÇe¼-fÞz-q-mÛ-zhG-TGGÛ-»Ûh-¾-vô-z-zdÅü ºôm-ˆP-ym-¯ô¤-OÛG-qºÛ-¤ÛP-º²Ûm-zhG-ZÛh-ÁïÅ-¥ôP-GP-

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -¤hô ¼ -zÇk Ý Å ü 1

z®m-Gmôm-¾-Lô¾-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-ÇeôzÅü

„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-¤hô¼-zÇkÝÅü *

zT¼-ºiÛ - ‚-»Þ ¾ ü * * *

±ï - Ç¨ ô m -JÀ Û P -Çt ï m -qü fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P .ü GPÅ-¿Ë-¤ôü

zT¼-ºiÛ - ŸÝ - ¤Dm-hP-¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -qü „À ô - z¸P-z=-ÁÛ Å ü hïz-G¸ÞGÅ-ºV¼-OÛG-qü zÅôh-m¤Å-±ï-hzP.ü ¤hÝm-ÁôG-¤±m-‚P-ºƒÛ-¤Dmü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-h¼ü zô h -M¾-¾ô - 2130 uÛ - ¾ô - 2003 ¾ü

„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-mÛ-uÛ-¾ô- 1966 ¾ô¼-zôh-ˆÛ-M¾-Å-¿Ë-ÅºÛ-£mG-Ÿô¾-±ôÅ-DP-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-±P-½‰ÛP-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-bà-ºFâPÅü DôPhGÝ P -IPÅ-Vß P -mÅ-»z-ºWÛ G -dï m -xÛ - ¤¼-GÁï G Å-¸Û m ü »Þ ¤ -HÛ ¤±m-¾-Oô¾-h;¼-¸ï¼-ŸÛP-GTïm-qô-zŸÛ-hP-GTïm-¤ô-GZÛÅü GTßP¤ô-GTÛG-zTÅ-DôP-Çkô¤-m-Çtäm-yâG-zMh-»ôhü hGÝP-¾ô-zMh-mÅzTß-GÅÞ¤-z¼-¿Ë-Å-zôm-Áôh-ÇÀôz-VßP-hÝ-zBôh-q-hP-ü hGÝP-¾ô-zTßzŸÛ-mÅ-zTß-hGÝ-z¼-¿Ë-Å-ÇÀôz-ºƒÛP-ÍP-hP-qôºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-GmP-ü uÛ-¾ô- 1987 ¾ô-mÅ-zôh-¿YôPÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô¼-ÇÀôz-ŸÝGÅ-GmPzºÛ-¤Þ¼ -uÛ-¾ô- 1988 ¹- 3 ±ïÅ - 5 ZÛ m -M-Vï º Û - zô h -¤Û - ¤P-hP¤Z¤-¼P-hzP-ÇKï¼-¾PÅ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-Aïm-BÛh-¼Å-¤PGÅ-GbôP-DPGÛ-Zïm-dôG-qÅ-ZÛm-hï-G¼-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚Å-bï-¾¤-ÅïP-LÝ-±-z®ôm-DPhÝ - ºFÛ h ü ¾ô - hï º Û - uÛ - ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 16 ZÛ m -FÛ ¤ Å-fô G -mÅ-hPô Å -ÅÞ º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚Å-qºÛ-Ez-zOGÅ-‚Å-q-hP-¹-z-hïºÛ-±ïÅ- 25 ZÛm-

2 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

zôh-¿YôPÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ôºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-DôPÅ-mÅ-xÛ¼-wÞh-‚Å-q-½ÀâPºyÛ m -hP-ü GÅ¼-Áô G -fô G -GÅ¾-zOGÅ-‚Åü uÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 1 ±ï Å - 14 ZÛ m -¿U G Å-qô - ¼Û º Û - ¿Ë ô - mÝ z bà-»ôh-qºÛ-iG-VÅ-Zïm-dôG-hqÞP-ÇkïºÛ-uÛ-Ez-h¤G-ÇK¼-HÛ-±ôGÅDP-mP-GÅÞ ¤ -¿S º Û - »ô P Å-Ez-FÛ ¤ Å-ŸÛ z -¸ï ¼ -z-±ô G Å-q-hP-hï º Û Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-iâG-¾-M-h¤G-»ôm-Éï-Ém-zÅhqºÛ-ZïÅ-¤ÛP-z;¾-zÅ-hï¼-DôP-±ôÅ-zhïm-¯ôh-Ç+h-V-zÁh-ˆP-ZmºWô G -bÛ ¾ -ºƒâ - ®¤-‚Å-¤ï h ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 1 ±ï Å - 19 ZÛ m ¿Ë-Å¼-M-¤ÛºÛ-FÛ¤Å-DP-DG-GZÛÅ-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-zOGÅ-±ôGÅVïm-Ç+ôP-mÅ-hïºÛ-fôG-M-h¤G-»ôm-Éï-Ém-zÅh-qºÛ-hôm-Aïm-mPº±ßh-qºÛ-¤Û-iâG-mÅ-DôP-¾ô-GZÛÅ-XïÅ-ÆôG-fôG-GbP-Mã-FÛ¤Å-fGzTh-hï-ZïÅ-ºGm-Vï-ÁôÅ-z¸ôÅ-»ôhü Ç+zÅ-hï¼-zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ¿Ë-Å-IôP-Eï¼-ºƒÛP-¼Û¤-¤Û-h¤PÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP-fôG-mÅzTh-F-zbP-zºÛ - mP-GÅ¾-M-h¤G-»ô m -Éï - Ém-zÅh-qºÛ - zMã h ¼Û¤-DôP-ÅôGÅ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-¤Û-iâG-GÛÅ-Ç~Å-GÅP-¤ïh-q¼-PôÅ-¾ïm‚ï h -ˆÛ - »ô h ü Tï Å -FÛ ¤ Å-ºEô G -z®m-ºGï ¾ -‚Å-ˆP-Gô P -ºDô h -¤Û iâG-qôÅ-¼P-ZÛh-Åô-Åô¼-ZïÅ-¤ïh-ZïÅ-ºGï¾-‚Å-q-¤-z¸ôh-mÅ-zôh¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-¤fô-¼Û¤-¤Û-h¤PÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸïÅ-q¼-ŸÝ-GbàGÅ-‚Å-

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -¤hô ¼ -zÇk Ý Å ü 3

qºÛ - Zï Å -hô m -Fâ m -»Û G -mP-ºDô h -hô m ü “Gô P -Gbà G Å-q-±ô Å -@Pz®ßGÅ-mÅ-¤Û-zÅh-qºÛ-Hôh-GŸÛ¼-»Ûh-¤ôÅ-¤-‚Å-q¼ü ¿Ë-Å-ºƒÛP¼Û ¤ -¤Û - h¤PÅ-FÛ ¤ Å-DP-GÛ - [1989] Zï Å -»Û G - 07 Zï Å -hô m zTh-FºÛ-mP-PôÅ-º²Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-hP-¤fÞm-¤ïhq-ÅôGÅ-Mã-¤±m-hÝ-‚Å-mÅ-ºhÛ-G-FÛ¤Å-DP-¾-GôP-GbàGÅ-Pô-ÁôGwÞ¾-ºhÝG-”TïÅ-hP-ü “ºƒÛP-¼Û¤-¤Û-h¤PÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛÅ-ZïÅ¤ÛP-Gbm-ºDï¾-‚Å-q-»P-hG-¾-ZïÅ-Vh-ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-q-zThºhÝG-qÅ-hï-ÇSºÛ-zTh-F-¼P-ºWGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-Mã-hP-GôP-GbàGÅDG-Åô-ÅôºÛ-GôP-GbàGÅ-‚Å-q¼-Mã-¤±m-¤Û-ºhÝG-qÅ-xÛ¼-¹ôG-‚Mã-»Ûm-”ŸïÅ-@Ým-Mz-WG-¾PÅ-‚Å-bï-¤Þ-¤fÞh-FÛ¤Å-ºEôG-z®mz;¾-‚Å-q-¼ï h ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å 5 mÅ-¾ô-GTÛG-hP-ZÛÛm-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-LÝ-±¼-z®ôm-zTßG-‚Å-bï-uÛ-¾ô1989 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 7 ZÛ m -mÅ-¾ô - GZÛ Å -hP-¹-z-GTÛ G -hP-ZÛ m IPÅ-ÁÛ-ÁÝ-¼ÛP-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zTßG Dô P -M-h¤G-»ô m -Éï - Ém-ºVÛ - ¾¤-hÝ - Åô P -zºÛ - hô m -Aï m -HÛ hôGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-mP-º±ßh-qÅ-¾ô-GZÛÅ-XïÅ-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-fG-zTh»ôh-ˆP-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zŸÝGÅ-¼ÛP-ÆôG-hP-ÇkôÅ-qºÛ-Pô-Lô¾-¾Å-ºGÝ¾fïPÅ-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-GhôP-¤VôPÅ-hzÞ-ºFÛh-GmP-zÅ-ºhô¤-GP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-

4 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

¤Þm-DP-mP-¸Þ¼-zTßG-fïPÅ-zŸÛ-‚Å-ºhÝG-TÛP-ü fïPÅ-hP-qôü LÝ±¼-¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ÛP-¸Þ¼-zTßG-‚Å-q-hPü fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-qü IÔ-zŸÛz®ôm-DP-mP-zôh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-z®ßGÅ-qºÛ-GÅP-GmÅ-ÁïÅ-±ô¼-HÛÅuÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 8 ±ï Å - 3 ZÛ m -JÀ ô - zÞ ¼ -xG-ŸzÅ-¿U G Å-Oô G GÛÅ-zTÛPÅ-ÁÛP-um-GZÛÅ-¼Å-mG-GÛÅ-z;z-Çeï-IÔ-zŸÛ-mÅ-ÍÞ-cïbàh-(zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-ˆÛ-z®ôm-DP-ÍP-GÅÞ¤-q-)¾-ºFÛh-mÅ-hï¼-ZÛm-Zï¼-zŸÛ¸Þ¼-zTßG-hP-Eôm-ZÛm-Åô-zŸÛ-hï¼-zŸG hï-mÅ-z¸ÞP-Çeï-¾ô-GTÛGhP-¹-z-zMh-hP-ZÛm-GZÛÅ-ÅôP-XïÅ-bï-uÛ-¾ô- 1991 ¹- 3 ±ïÅ5 ZÛm-xÛ-mP-Mã-Aïm-Ço-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ŸzÅ-¸ÞP-¿UGÅ-OôG-GÛÅ-zTÛPÅq-¾Å-z=ô¾-mÅ-¾ô-GZÛÅ-ÆôG-fôG-mÅ-ZïÅ-q-±ï-z®ôm-¾-wz-q-¼ïhü ¸Þ ¼ -zTß G -fï P Å-GÅÞ ¤ -qü uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 6 ZÛm-M-mG-bà-GmÅ-Çkôh-Í-¼ÛºÛ-GŸÝP-±z-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ- (James Lilley) ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾Û¼-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-¾-wïzÅ-hÝÅ-zôh-»Þ¾¾ÞP-uÛ-hP-‚ï-ƒG-z®ôm-qºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-»Û-Gï-wÞ¾-zºÛ-ZïÅ-ºGm-ºôGuÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 9 mÅ-uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 27 z¼-ZÛm-zTô-zMh-¸Þ¼-zTßG-‚Å-bï-z®ôm-DP-mP-hP-¿Ë-Å-IôP-Eï¼HÛ-xÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-DôP-GÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-TÛ-Vï-fïzÅ-Aïm-uÛ-¾ô- 1991 ¹- 4 ±ïÅ- 27 ZÛm-DôP-±ô-¤Û-¿S-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-mÅ-GÅP-»Ûz-ÅÛ-FâºÞ-

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -¤hô ¼ -zÇk Ý Å ü 5

¾-ºFÛ h -hï - ¤±m-GTÛ G -hï ¼ -z®ô m -zTß G -‚Å-mÅ-±ï Å - 28 ZÛ m ¾ô-¼zÅ-¿S-zTß-qºÛ-mP-zôh-ˆÛ-z®ôm-q-ÇkÝG-GÅôh-GbôP-»Þ¾-HÛ-hÝ¼Å-¿e-zÞ-;ôP-qô-DÞ¾-ºFÛhü ;ôP-qô-v-©ôG-ºh¤-Vß-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-º‚ô¼¤-fG-Çe ï - uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 30 ZÛ m -mÅ-¾ô - hï º Û - ¹- 6 ±ïÅ- 24 z¼-¹-z-GTÛG-hP-ZÛm-Zï¼-GÅÞ¤-¼ÛP-¸Þ¼-zTßG-fïPÅzŸÛ-q-‚Åü uÛ-¾ô- 1994 mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºôG-±ï-z®ômmÅ-¾ô-zTô-zMh-ˆÛ-z®ôm-zTßG-bà-¾ô-±h-ZïÅ-»PÅ-zbP-ü uÛ-¾ô2001 mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Åô G Å-ºh¤-Vß - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - »ô h qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-n¤Å-¤²ô-m-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-GmÅ-ÇtôÅ-‚ïh-zTßGºhÝ G uÛ - ¾ô - 1993 ¹- 4 mÅ-z¸Þ P -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ GmÅ-ÇePÅ-fh-xÛ-mP-Bï-zô-ÅÞÅ-ˆP-¤fôP-fôÅ-h;º-zÅ-P-±ôÅ-ˆPŸÛz-ºWâG-mÝÅ-q-¿kP-PïÅ-ÁÛG-‚-fzÅ-ƒ¾ü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾GÅ-LÝ-±-hP-ü IÔ-zŸÛü ÍÞ-cï-bàhü(zôh¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-z®ôm-DP-ÍP-GÅÞ¤-q-)GÅP-»Ûz-ÅÛ-FâºÞü Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-GÛ-ºh¤Vß-z®ôm-DP-ü ¤²ô-m-z®ôm-DP-zTÅ-z®ô m -DP-DG-iâ G-ºIÛ ¤ Å¥ôP-ŸÛP-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-¾ô-zTß-GZÛÅ-hP-¹-z-¿S-®¤-ÅôP¸Ûm-qÅ-zŸÝGÅ-»Þm-¼ÛP-ÁôÅ-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-GÛ-ºh¤-Vß-z®ôm-DP-hÝ»Û m -ŸÛ P -M-h¤¼-HÛ - Zï Å -Vh-GŸÛ ¼ -z¸Þ P -m-Dô P -uÛ - ¾ô - 2006 ¾-

6 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

JÀ ô h -ºIô ¾ -fô z -Mã - »Û m -»P-ü uÛ - ¾ô - 2002 ¹- 12 mP-DÞ P Å¿km-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛG-º‚ô¼-z¼-h-Ç+zÅ-DôP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-¾ÞÅ-¾-¤D¾-¤ºÛm-±Å-Ç+ïh-q-hHïh-hGÝ¼-h;º-z-hP-ü ŸzÅ-hP-qÞÅ-¤ô¼-m-¸ÞGGbôP-zü ÆôG-½ÀâP-GÛÅ-Ç‰ÛP-D¼-lô-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-zŸG-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-±ô¼Ço P -GÛ Å -m-¸Þ G -Gbô P -zü ¤Gô - zô - ¾-¸Þ G -G¸ï ¼ -»P-»P-zMz-TÛ P um-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-¾Å-¤Û-¤fôP-z-ÅôGÅ-Ç+Ý-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-fh-ÈTP-²-iG-PP-ºWÛ G -dï m -ºhÛ ¼ -º±ô - GmÅ-fÞ z -¤Û - fÞ z -ˆÛ - GmÅ-ÅÞ H¼-»ôhü

n-z¼-fô Å -qºÛ - zG-VGÅü

z®ôm-DP-mP-zIP-‚-GZÛÅ-¿ËG-GÁÛzÅ-qºÛºfz-IôGÅ-z¸P-qôü ±ï-Ç¨ôm-JÀÛP-Çtïm-qü

hP-qôü n-z¼-fôÅ-qºÛ-zG-VGÅü uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å -¿S º Û - GŸÛ - M-Vï - zºÛ - zô h -¤Û º Û - ¼PhzP-ÇKï¼-¾PÅ-ZÛm-M¾-Å-¿Ë-Å¼-»-P-Ç‰ÛP-Xï-ƒ¾-zºÛ-M-GŸÝP-GÛÅzôh-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-FG-iÛ-iô-zºÛ-h¤¼-GÅôh-hP-¼P-hzP-ºfz-¯ôhq-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-hI-»Û-¾G-q¼-fïzÅ-bï-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-z®ôm-zTßG-‚Åq-¼ïhü G¸ÞGÅ-¤fôP-JÀôG-ºyÛm-mÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-¹-z-±ï-¼ÛP(hGÝ P -¾ô - hô m -GZÛ Å -¾-Åô m -Ç+ z Å-bï - uÛ - ¾ô -

2002 ¹- 1 ±ï Å - 16 ¾-¿Ë - Å¼-hGô P Å-q-

μô G Åü ) „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü zÅô h -m¤Å-hzP-ºhÝ h - (Mã m -hÝ - Tô G -ÁÝ P bÛ ¼ -Ÿï Å -¸ï ¼ -ŸÛ P -zô h -ˆÛ - zhï m -hô m -Vï h -Çk Ý G -¢ô P -GÛ - ¤m¼-GTô h -»Þ m -¼Û P -¥PÅ-Aï m -mh-GTô P hÝ-Hã¼-mÅ-uÛ-¾ô- 1999 ¹- 3 mP-M¾-Å-¿Ë-Å¼-Ç+Ý-GÁïGÅü hïºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hGÝP-¾ô- 43 ¾Åô m -»ô h ü )zTÅ-fï P Å-¤P-zÇe m -mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-zÅô h -

8 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

m¤Å-hzP-ºhÝh-ˆÛ-mG-ZïÅ-¾-M-h¤G-»ôm-Éï-Ém-zÅh-q-¼ïh-TïÅzÁh-ˆÛ - ºhÝ G hÝ Å -hï - mÅ-z¸Þ P -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Ÿï Å -qºÛ Û ¤ÛP-hï-n-z¼-fôÅ-‚ãP-¾-GŸôm-mÝ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-hï¼-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hôÇoP-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºGô-»P-z®ßGÅ-q-»Ûmü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-FÛ¤Å¼¼-ÇÀïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-Ÿïh-ÇoP-¯-z-mÅ-¤ïh-q¼-FÛ¤Å-fôG-M-hqôm-¾-¯ôhJÀïP-‚ïh-hÝÅ-M-hqôm-D-IGÅ-Mã-¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-fÞz-qºÛ-GŸôm-mÝ-ÁïÅ»ôm-Tm-hqº-zô-ŸÛG-ºhÝG-TïÅ-¿Ë-ÅºÛ-mP-Ç+h-IGÅ-Vïm-qô-‚ãP-q¼ïhü FÛ¤Å-¼-Iô¾-mÅ-¤ô-‡¼-º²â¾-Ç+zÅ-M-h¤G-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Ç‰ÛPmh-z¸ÞP-Çeï-¤ï-¤hºÛ-¤WâG-ÁÛP-lïG-Aïm-¿eG-DÞP-GÛ-FG-¯-ŸÛG-Çeô¼mÅ-»Þm-®¤-im-¤ïh-zM¾-z-hP-hÝÅ-hï-mÅ-z¸ÞP-ºiïm-‚ïh-GZÛÅ¼z-¼Ûz-bà-Hã¼-»ôhü GÅÞ¤-qºÛ-¿SºÛ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-Ç+zÅ-M-¤ÛÅ-iG-Gmôm-¤ï-¤hº-zÇeàh¤¼-zMz-qÅ-©Å-Bôm-‚ãP-zºÛ-zôh-¤Û-n¤Å-Çtô¤-¤hº-±P-GÛ-DPqºÛ-GÅP-uôh-mP-hzô¼-bï-©Å-Bôm-¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-zôh-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-ÆâPBôz-ºôG-Eôm-zôh-¤Û-ÅÞ¤-Tß-®¤-Gz-Çeï-zÇkhü hïºÛ-Ç+zÅ-M-h¤G»ôm-Éï-Ém-hP-»P-G»ÞÅ-Fïm-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-GÅP-GTôh-ÇKô-zTG-TÛP¤ï-¤hº-ºEï¼-mÅ-mP-hÝ-zôh-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-ÇkÛG-Ç+zÅ-zôh-¤Û-ºGÅ-¾Gº²Û P -‚Å-bï - ¤ï - ¤hº-ºyô G -q-hP-M-h¤G-GZÛ Å -z¸Þ P -¯Û Å -‚ï h -

n-z¼-fô Å -qºÛ - zG-VGÅü

Ç+ z Å-±¤-±ô ¤ -PP-ÇK ï º Þ - DÞ P -mÅ-¤¼-¤Vô P Å-q-¼ï h ü »P-G»Þ Å Fïm-©Å-Bôm-ºwôG-q-hP-»ôm-Éï-Ém-¤¼-¿ËàP-hÝÅ-JÀôG-Ç+Ýh-¾-zlzÇeï-»¼-ºwGÅ-mÅ-»P-zB¼-¿eG-DÞP-¯ÛG-q¼-zlz-qÅ-©Å-BômVï-®¤-‚ãP-ºhÝG hï-XïÅ-M-¤ÛÅ-Å-GmÅ-hï-mÅ-mh-q-GZÛÅ-hzô¼»P-»ôm-Éï-Ém-ÁÛ-z-hP-»P-G»ÞÅ-Fïm-ÁÛ-¤ïhü »ôm-Éï-Ém-GÅôh¤Dm-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¼ïh-TïÅ-ZïÅ-z®ßGÅ-‚Å-q-hP-ü »PhïºÛ-XïÅ-GÅôh-¤Dm-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-M-¤ÛºÛ-Vz-ÆÛhhGô Å -¤Dô ¼ -zdï m -mÅ-GmÅ-±ß ¾ -¾-ºHã ¼ -z-Gbô P -GÛ - »ô h -q-¤GbôGÅ-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-xÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-¤Û-ÅÞ-GTÛG-GÛÅ-ÁïÅ-fzÅ¤ï h ü GP-¿e ¼ -»P-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -M-¤Û Å -Zï Å -ºGm-¿Y Û h -qô ŸÛG-¾-PôÅ-z¸ÞP-mÅ-¾ô-GZÛÅ-XïÅ-ÆôG-fôG-GbP-Mã-z¸ôÅ-bï-LÝ-±¼zTßG-mÅ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-IÔ-zŸÛ¼-ÇtôÅ-ºhÝG M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-G-hÝÅ‚ãP-»P-zôh-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Gbô¼-ºyôG-zÅh-GÅÞ¤-‚Å-bï-uÛ-±ôGÅzhï-ºWGÅ-¾-Gmôh-Bôm-zbP-GÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-M¾-Dz-xÛ-mP-GP-Å¼Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-q-¾Å-zôh-¤Û-zÅh-©Å-z¸ôÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-¤Pôm-¤ïhGÅP-Ç~Å-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-q-zŸÛm-Ç+zÅ-hï¼-GÅÞ¤-¿SºÛ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-¾-zôh¤Û-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-ÁÛ-©Å-‚ãP-»ôh-ˆP-hï-hG-Ç~Å-Ç+Ý¤-‚Å-bï-M-h¤GGTÛ G -ÁÛ - z¼-Å-ºx¼-Gm¤-ºx¼-PP-GÅ¼-ºHã ¼ -zMã h -¾¤-DG-

10 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

mÅ-M-Vï¼-Ez-zOGÅ-‚Å-q-¤-¸hü »ôm-Éï-Ém-HÛ-Í-¤-G¸ÞGÅ¤fôP-JÀôG-ºyÛm-mP-zÇem-bï-Ç+h-V-±ÛG-¼ï-GZÛÅ-zÁh-ÅôP-z-‚hzŸÛm-hP-VÅ-GôÅ-GÁÛÅ-uôh-D-Ç+h-GP-mÅ-zôh-qºÛ-iÛ-®¤-¤ïh-ˆP±GÅ-q¼-fôG-¤ôÅ-zÁh-qºÛ-Ç+h-V-ŸïÅ-q-ŸÛG-z;ôh-hômü PºÛ-zÞ¿Ë-Å¼-¤-ºIô-GôP-GŸÝP-GÛ-z;º-zŸÛm-¿Ë-¿km-Ç¨ôm-¾¤-Vïm-¤ôºÛ-VôÅ¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-Æô¾-Mãm-¤²h-ÇKô-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-q¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-qºÛ-Ç+ô¼-zÁh‚ãP-zÅ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-EÛ¤-±P-mÛ-mP-q-ÅPÅ-MÅ-qºÛ-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¾hh-¤ôÅ-ŸÝ-zºÛ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-EÛ¤-±P-ŸÛG-»Ûm-Aïm-Åï¤Å-ºGÝ¾-fïzÅqºÛ-PP-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-z;º-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-D-ƒ¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-qºÛ-ÅÛ¤-º²â¾z;G-ºGôG-‚Å-bï-¿Ë-ÅºÛ-Ç¨ôm-¾¤-Vïm-¤ô-¾ïGÅ-Iâz-»ôP-z¼-‚ÅXï Å -ºWô G -hGô Å -Ÿï Å -zÁh-q-»Û m ü Çe z Å-¤-¾ï G Å-q¼-PºÛ - zÞ - ¤Û Pm-D-ƒ¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-qÅ-Aïm-¾¤-zbP-z-fôÅ-ºy¾-Åï¤Å-w¤-±h¤ïh-‚ãP-ŸïÅ-±GÅ-q¼-fôG-z;ôh-q-hP-ü Ç+h-VºÛ-¾z-Çoï-hï-mÅiPÅ-bï - zô h -¼Û G Å-»Û m -±ß ¾ -Ez-zOGÅ-‚Å-ÁÛ P -zô h -q-mP-DÞ ¾ h=âGÅ-ÁÛP-zMG-MãºÛ-DôG-Pm-zTPÅ-ÅôP-»P-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-»Ûm-qºÛ»Ûh-VïÅ-hP-M-h¤G-ÁÛ-z¼-¤Û-¤P-mÅ-Åï¤Å-ºDÞ¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-¯z-mÅ-¤ïh-Aïm-GP-¤±¤Å-mÅ-ºEôG-Gb¤-hï-mÛ-m¤-¤DºÛ-ºWºzŸÛm-¼P-»¾-Hã¼ü

IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zô h -hô m -±ô G Å-q-z®ß G Å-qü 11

IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zôh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-z®ßGÅ-qü 1989 ¾ô º Û - ¹-z- 3 ±ï Å - 5 hP- 6ü 7 zTÅ-ÅÞ - zô h ¤ÛÅ-ŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-Pô-Lô¾-Hïm-¾PÅ-zÇeàh-¤¼-‚Å-qÅ-M-GŸÝP-GÛÅzôh-¤Û-ÇeôP-yG-GZÛÅ-GÅÞ¤-ŸÛG-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-z®ôm-zTßG-‚Å-q-hP-ü M¾-ÆÛh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-®ßP-¾Û-(ÆÛh-„Àôm)¾Û-—˜P-GÛÅ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-z;ºzbP-z-¿e ¼ -±ï Å - 7 hGô P -¤ô º Û - Vß - ±ô h - 12 hP-Ç+ ¼ -¤->À h -;ô ¼ fôG-zôh-¤Û-xÛ-¼zÅ-qºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-D¤Å-mÅ-¸Þz-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ˆÛBô-G¼-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-¤Gô-Gmôm-z;º-M-iG-qô-hï-¾ô-ºDô¼-ÉÛ¾-qô-GTÛG¼ÛP-zÇk¤Å-q-¼ïhü hïºÛ-hGôP-¤ô-GÝÅ-q-¼P-EÛ¤-mÅ-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP‚Å-bï-ÍÞ-=ï-bàh-(zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-ˆÛ-z®ôm-DP-ÍP-GÅÞ¤-q-)hP-GÅP-»ÛzÅÛ-FâºÞ-GÅ¼-½‰ÛP-hÝ-iÛ-GTôh-‚Å-mÅ-uÛ-¹- 8 mP-FÛ¤Å-fG-zThTÛP-¾ô-±h-z¸ôÅ-bï-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zB¾-‚ãP-ü Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-ŸÛLô¾-HÛ-hôm-Aïm-¾Å-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-z®ôm-zTßG-‚Å-q-mÅ-¾ô-±h-z¸ôÅbï-IÔ-zŸÛ¼-zB¾-z-ym-hP-qô-»Ûmü hï-hÝÅ-IÔ-zŸÛ¼-¼Þ-DG-hP-qô-

12 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

hP-ü GZÛ Å -qü GÅÞ ¤ -qü zŸÛ - q-zTÅ-»ô h -TÛ P -ü ¼Þ - DG-hP-qô ü ¼Þ-DG-hP-qô-hP-GZÛÅ-q-ÇeïP-Áôh-»Ûm-ˆP-ÇKô-xôGÅ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-zbôm»ôhü ¼Þ-DG-hïºÛ-mP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅzMh-ºhÝG-q-DôP-±ô-±¾-ŸÛP-ºhïzÅ-¾Å-‚ïh-zTßG-GÛ-ºhÝG ¼Þ-DG-GZÛÅ-qü ¼Þ-DG-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-mP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-zhÝm-ºhÝGq-hP-DôP-±ô-¾-Í¼-¾Å-zÇ+Ý¾-HÛ-ºhÝG ¼Þ - DG-GÅÞ ¤ -qü ¼Þ - DG-GÅÞ ¤ -q-zÞ - ¤ô º Û - ¼Þ - DG-»Û m -qÅ-hï º Û - mPVz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-Í-mïï-D-ÁÅ-»ôh-q-hP-DôP-±ôºÛ-¾Å-;-hï-±¾-ŸÛPºhïzÅ-¾Å-hP-¿Ë-ÅºÛ-mP-z®ôG-q-hP-¾Þh-OæG-q¼-ºIôhGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG ¼Þ-DG-zŸÛ-qü ¼Þ-DG-zŸÛ-qºÛ-mP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-zTß-GTÛG-ºhÝG¾-h-hÝP-hïºÛ-XïÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-¤P-hÝ-xÛm-qÅ-IPÅ-PïÅ-¤-fÞzü ¼Þ - DG-zŸÛ - qºÛ - z®ô m -q-n¤Å-ˆÛ - ¾Å-;-mÛ - iô h -DP-GÛ - ¾Å-;-‚ï h ¤Dm-D-ÁÅ-¾Å-w¾-Vï-z-¤ô-‡-hP-ü @P-ºDô¼-z¸ô-zTôÅü ¿UGÅlÝP-Mã-ÅôGÅ-¼ïhü hïºÛ-Ç+zÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q¼-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¼ÞDG-¤ïh-qÅ-ym-¼Þ-DG-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-mP-zŸG-‚ãP-ŸÛP-hï¼-Çkôh-Ç+zÅ„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Ç+ô¼-hô-ÇoP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-ˆP-hPôÅ-GÅ¾-hôh-qô‚Å-m-Zïm-ºGm-Vï-zÅ-z®ôm-q-ŸÛG-¾-ÇoP-hôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-±ß¾-HÛÅ-

IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zô h -hô m -±ô G Å-q-z®ß G Å-qü 13

Ç+h-V-iÛ-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-GmÅ-±ß¾-‚ãP-mÅ-ºhô¤-GPIâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-hÝ-zTßG-»ôh-z¸ô-ºhÝG-¸ï¼ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-±ß¾GÅ¾-ÁïÅ-‚ãP-z¼-uÛ-¾ô- 1987 ¾ô¼-¾ô-GZÛÅ-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-FÛ¤ÅfG-zTh-qºÛ-ZïÅ-hôm-ZïÅ-GÅôG-¿Ë-Å-z-¤ÛG-h¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-hP-uÛ¾ô- 1988 ¾ô¼-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-fG-zTh-qºÛ-ZïÅ-hôm-ZïÅ-GÅôG¿Ë - Å-z-¹-z-GZÛ Å -ZÛ m -ŸÛ G -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¤hÝ m -»ô P -mÅ-PGZÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-mÅ-ƒôÅ-Mã¼-fG-zTh-¸Ûm-qÅ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-Eïh¼P-¾-iÛ-ºhôh-ˆP-¤-ºôPÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾-xÛ¼-H¼-‚ãP-m-P-GZÛÅ-ºVÛÛz¼-G¾-ºGPÅ-¤Û-Vï-»P-Eïh-¼P-¾ô-GZÛÅ-ÆôG-fôG-ÇeïP-GmÅ-±ß¾‚ãP-m-¾¤-ÅïP-h¤¼-GÅôh-GbP-Mã¼-dïm-IôÅ-iÛ-Mã¼-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoPºhÝG-ˆP-GŸm-iÛ-»Þ¾-ÅÞ-»P-¤ïh-Aïm-Eïh-¼P-GÛ-¤hÝm-hÝ-ºôP-hGôÅ‚ãP-ÅôP-zÅ-iÛ-m-ºIÛG-G¤ü ŸïÅ-zXôh-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²ÛmHÛÅ-Eïh-GZÛÅ-¾-wm-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-m-G-¼ï-»Ûm-mºP-‚-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅzXôh-ºhÝG-hï-mÅ-Dô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-P-GZÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-mÅ-fzÅ-zMWâÅ-ÇeôP-GÛÅ-ƒôÅ-Mã-hP-¤¼-hôm-mÅ-xÛ-M¾-¾-ºIô-Mã-hP-Gz-mÅzÇkh-ºhôh-¤ïh-q¼-ÇS¼-‚ïh-Mã-¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-zôh-hôm-¾-D-GÅz-VïhŸzÅ-ºhïGÅ-ŸÝ-Mã-zÅ¤Å-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-m-GP-hGº-¾¤-Çeôm-ŸÛG-‚ïh¼ôGÅ-ŸïÅ-zXôh-ºhÝG-qÅü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Eïh-¼P-GZÛÅ-

14 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

zôh-uÛºÛ-hôm-hÝ-hï-¿e-zÞºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àô-zbP-z-»G-qô-¼ïh-ˆP-¼P-ZÛhˆÛ-±ï-ÆôG-¯-Vïm-qô-¼ïhü hï¼-dïm-hP-qô-zÅ¤-„Àô-»G-qô-GbôP-hGôÅP-¼P-mÛ-zôh-hôm-Vïh-ÆôG-„ÀôÅ-zbP-‚-Mã-fG-zTh-¸Ûm-qÅ-Eïh-±ôhP-¤Z¤-IôÅ-mP-fï-z¼-ZïÅ-Bôm-‚ãP-hôGÅ-¤-‚ïh-¸ï¼ü Dô-GZÛÅˆÛÅ-P-GZÛÅ-hÝÅ-ÇS-xÛ-®¤-¾Å-GP-¿e¼-GÅh-Mã¼-Gbm-ºDï¾-zÅ¤-ºVÛ-z¼-zôh-hôm-Vïh-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-‚ïh-fÞz-m-„Àô-D-hï-»ÛÅ-±Û¤ÅŸï Å -„À ô - fG-Vô h -qô Å -zÁh-ºhÝ G „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -h-ºô m-¤¼-ƒô Å -mÅ-¾Å-;-Vß P -±GÅ-‚ï h -q-¾Å-uÛ - ¾ô - 1987 ¹- 9 ±ï Å - 27 m¤ü ¹- 10 ±ï Å - 1 ¾-im-GÅô - ‚ï h -Mã º Û - Vï h -¿Ë - Å¼ŸÛ-zºÛ-Ç+h-ºzôh-hP-»ÛG-V-hI¤-m-È-TP-wm-½ÀzÅ-»ôP-z-ºhÝGq-hGôÅ-¤Dô-G-¼ï-¤VÛÅ-ˆP-P-¼P-GÛÅ-IôGÅ-wm-‚ïh-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅzÁh-ºhÝG-DôP-±ô-w¼-±ß¼-zIô-JÀïP-ŸÛz-mm-‚Å-¤f¼-ºGô-FÛh-hP±ôGÅ-q-z®ßGÅ-¤Û-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ü Mã-Iôm-fzÅ-º±ô¾‚ïh-¤Û-hGº-¿km-z=-ÁÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-q-¼ïhü ¤ÛG-h¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-hP-¹-z-GZÛÅ-hP-ü Dô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Pô-ÁïÅ-H-GÅÞ¤mP-z®ôm-hÝ-zTßG-qºÛ-ZïÅ-GÅôG-q-hôm-Iâz-¸ï¼-zÅ-ˆP-ÆôG-„ÀôÅzbP-GÛÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-hï¼-º²â¾-HÛ-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-qÅ-¤Û-¿S-»ôh-qºÛ±ô G Å-q-hï - uÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 5 mP-IÔ - zŸÛ - ¼Þ - DG-hP-qô º Û - mP-

IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zô h -hô m -±ô G Å-q-z®ß G Å-qü 15

GÅP-zºÛ - PP-z®ß G Å-q-¼ï h ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Vz-ÆÛ h -fô G GZº-Oï P -q-¤-Gbô G Å-m¤-Mã m -Åï ¤ Å-Vß P -zG-»ô h -»-¼zÅ-iP±ßGÅ-fÞz-q-hP-ü ¤Û-GŸm-hP-¤fÞm-¾¤-Vïm-qô-;Ým-HÛ-hP-z-ºiïmq-ŸÛG-»ôh-Aïm-z®ôm-q-±P-¤Å-Åï¤Å-GbÛP-mÅ-hGº-Ÿïm-Vïm-qô‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛ-G¸ÞGÅ¤fôP-JÀôG-ºyÛm-DP-zhG-GZï¼-ZïÅ-GÅôG-q-Çtïm-q-Vï-z¼-ºƒï¾z-‚Å-bï-¤Û-¿S-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-º±ôG-»Þ¾-G¸ÞGÅ-¤fôP-JÀôG-ºyÛm-DP-hÝ»Ûm-q-hP-Dô-±ô-mP-hÝ-º±ôGÅ-Ç+zÅ-Çtïm-q-Vï-zÅ-xÛ-¼ô¾-mÅ-ÇKô¿UGÅ-zMz-ˆÛ-»ôhü Dô P -±ô - ºV¼-GŸÛ - ±P-¤-zbÛ P -±¼-mÅ-¾G-¾ï m -Çe ¼ -IzÅˆÛ-¤±¤Å-ÁÛG-hôm-Iâz-¾-Gmh-hôm-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôG-hôm-Aïm-¿ËGÅqÅ-uÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 8 ±ï Å - 2 ZÛ m -hô m -Iâ z -ˆÛ Å -z®ô m -qºÛ - hô h¤-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-»ÛG-±P-hÝ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ºGô-ºFÛh-qºÛP-±ô-±ôGÅ-q-ºhÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-z®ßGÅ-q-hP-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-ºhÛ-ºi-ºhÛ-ºiÇtï¾-Mã-‚Å-q-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm-ŸÝÅ-q-hP-ü hï-¤-fG-Zïm-dôG-qÅ„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-¤¾-Çem-zÇSôGÅ-qÅ-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-D-ÁÅ¾G-bà-fïzÅ-Aïm-ZÛm-hï¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-GhôP-q¼-¼Å-mGz;z-Çeï-@P-¿UGÅ-hP-¾G-¿UGÅ-zMz-mÅ-ÍÞ-cÛ-bàh-(zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-

16 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ºIô G Å-ºiÛ Å -ÅÞ - Hã ¼ -qºÛ - zMã h -¼Û ¤ -hP-¤fô - ¼Û ¤ -M-hqô m -¾-zhï m -q-zh¼-zü 17

ˆÛ - z®ô m -DP-ÍP-GÅÞ ¤ -q-)¾-¸Þ¼-zTßG-‚Åü

ZÛm-GZÛÅ-q¼-hGº-¿km-z=ÁÛÅ-hP.ü ¹-zü ¤ÛG-h¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-zTÅ-¾-@P-¿UGÅ-¾G-¿UGÅzMz-Çeï -ºhô¤-DP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-hÝ-Åô-Åô¼-¸Þ¼-ºWâG-‚Å-ºhÝG

ºIôGÅ-ºiÛÅ-ÅÞ-Hã¼-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-hP-¤fô¼Û¤-M-hqôm-¾-zhïm-q-zh¼-zü hï-mÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-GP-®¤-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ºhô¤-GPIâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-mÅ-JÀôh-ºhÝG-q-MP-mÅ-¤fôP-»P-Pô-GbàG-‚ïhqºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-hzïmü ZÛm-ŸÛG-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ¼-»ôP-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zl-º‚ô¼‚ãP-zÅ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-º±ôG-»Þ¾-ÇKô-ºI¤-º‚ô¼-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-ÇÀïzÅ-ºhÝG-q-ÇS¼-HÛ-zG-VGÅ-hïÅ-Ç+Ý¾-bï-¤hÝm-hÝ-xÛm-mÅ¼P-ZÛh-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-»Ûm-±ß¾-hP-ü wm-±ßm-uÛ¼-zbP-GÛ-JÀïP¤ô¾-zÁh-mÅ-»Þm-®¤-Çkôh-¼ÛP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-m¤-MãmuÛ-ÇKï¼-ÅÞ-fh-ˆÛ-¾Å-hôm-¾-½‰ôG-º²ÛP-z¸ô-Mã-¤ïh-q-Åï¤Å-VßP-‚ÅmÅ-Çkôh-hGôÅü ºôm-ˆP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-±P-¤-z®ôm-DP-mP-VzÆÛh-ˆÛ-hôm-hÝ-ºôPÅ-q¼-dïm-M-¤ÛºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-ºôG-¤Gô-ÇKÝ¼-m-hï-mÛ-@PXïÅ-¾G-zÅÞz-»Ûm-q-P-±ô-±P-¤Å-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü z®ôm-q-mP-DÞ¾ºFâG-¯ôh-hP-ü @Ý-MG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-Pm-q-¤ïh-q¼-Vz-ÆÛh-

18 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

z®ôm-q-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-ZïÅ-hôm-ZïÅ-GÅôG-q-hï-hG-¾-¤ÛG-hqï-z¸P-qôzÇem-fÞz-q-‚ïh-hGôÅü z®ôm-DP-hÝ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-GÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-hzïm»P-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-h¤-hÝ-z¸ÞP-mÅ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ¤Û-ÁïÅ-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¤²h-‚ãP-ü hï-XïÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-¤P-hÝ-xÛmqÅ- 1990 ¹- 1 (IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-GÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -hï z -Áô G -IPÅ-74 uÛ - ¾ô - 1990 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 5 ¾-zÁh-q-mô ¼ -º²ô ¾ -‚ã P -ü ) mP-Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-Dï ¼ -AP-¼Þ DG-¿S-q-GÅ¼-hÝ-z®ßGÅ-q-¼ïhü ºIô-ÇePÅ-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-m-¼Þ-DGzŸÛ-qºÛ-ÇeïP-GÛ-DP-q-hï-¿S-q-z¸ô-ºôÅ-ˆP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q¼-VïhhÝ-ÇkÝG-¢ôP-vôh-Vïh-Mz-bà-DP-½‰ÛP-GôG-¼Þ¾-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hïºÛ-mPzTßG-mÅ-zŸG-‚ãP-ü hï-hÝÅ-mÅ-z¸ÞP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-P±ô-¤Z¤-hÝ-‚ãP-zÅ-„Àô-¤fÞm-¤Û-z¸P-¤Z¤-º²ô¤Å-‚ãP-Aïm-P-±ôºÛ¤²º-z¯ï - ZÛ m -¼ï - ¾Å-¤-ºhÅ-q-Gô P -¤fô ¼ -xÛ m -mÅ-È-TP-»Û h GTßGÅ-ÅÞ-Hã¼ü hÝÅ-xÛÅ-ym-hP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Z¾-DP-GTÛG-bà-Dï¾ŸÛP-¼P-PôÅ-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-D-Ÿï-GZÛÅ-¤ïh-Åï¤Å-hzÞÅmÅ-GÝ Å -ŸzÅ-hP-z¯Û - ¤fô P -Vï m -qô - ‚ï h -ˆÛ - »ô h -¾-Dô P -GÛ - @P-q¿UGÅ-OôG-GÛÅ-zTÛPÅ-»ôh-Aïm-h;º-P¾-È-TP-Vï-zÅ-Hôm-GôÅ-z=âMãÅ-¤±ôm-ŸzÅ-xÛ-ŸÝ-Mã¼-Èà¼-Åï¤Å-ˆÛÅ-ºzh-z¯ôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü

ºIô G Å-ºiÛ Å -ÅÞ - Hã ¼ -qºÛ - zMã h -¼Û ¤ -hP-¤fô - ¼Û ¤ -M-hqô m -¾-zhï m -q-zh¼-zü 19

hGÝm-hÝÅ-»Ûm-»P-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hô¼-¤-Æz-qô-ŸÛG¾Å-Hôm-¤Û-fÞz-TÛP-P-±ôÅ-hï-zXï-hÝÅ-@P-q-GZÛÅ-hz¼-¾-¿UGÅ»ôh-qÅ-hô¼-d-zÁGÅ-mÅ-fïzÅ-VÛ-zMz-Mã-»ôh-q-z¸ôÅ-»ôhü hô¼¤-mP-ºW¤-zXï-¾ïm-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-@P-¿UGÅ-ˆÛ-ÍÛ-DÞP-zMãh-ÇSôm-¾»-GTÛ G -zÁÝ ¼ -mÅ-wÞ h -Xï Å -@P-q-GŸm-hï - GŸÛ - mÅ-zÁÝ ¼ -bï - wÞ h hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG fzÅ-ÁïÅ-hï-¿e¼-uh-ˆP-@P-¿UGÅ-È-TP-h¤-qÅm-¸Þ G -±h-¤ï h -zbP-GÛ - ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zXô h -ˆÛ - ºhÝ G GmÅ-±ß ¾ GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-mP-GÛ-¾ô-;Å-Tßh-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)hzÞz½‰ ï Å -qºÛ - hÝ Å -Vï m -ŸÛ G -¾-=â P -h‚P-ÅÛ - wG-qÞ º Þ - Ÿï Å -M-mG-M¾»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-z®ôm-q¼-hô-h¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-M-hqôm-G®ô-zô-hïhP-hqôm-qô-GŸm-D-ÁÅ-ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-GTÛG-qÞ-fÞG-ºyh-‚Å-ÁÛP-M-hqôm-mÅ-¤fôP-VßPGÛ - n¤-qÅ-Ç+ h -Nå ¼ -ŸÛ G -ºFÛ h -Áô G -Tï Å -zÁh-qÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Ç+h-Nå¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-PÅ-M-Ç+h-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-»ôh-TïÅ-zÁhü Mhqôm-hïÅ-Eïh-±ô-zôh-¿YôPÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô¼-M-»ÛG-ÇÀôz-±m-»ôh-h¤Ÿï Å -zXô h -ºhÝ G „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-Dô - ±ô - wm-±ß m -»Þ m ¼ÛP-Ç+h-V-zÁh-qºÛ-mP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zôh-¼P-z®m-»ÛmqºÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -hP-Mã - ¤±m-hÝ - ¤-MÅ-zÁh-‚Å-q-hP-ü Dô º Û - Ç+ h -V-

20 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

±P-¤¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ºWÛGÅ-ŸÝ¤-Çtä-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-GhÝP¯ï-D-Gbh-‚Å-qÅ-¤WâG-bà-DôÅ-Zm-ºWôG-¤-‚Å-m-¾¤-ÅïP-h¤¼GÅh-GbP-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-ºhÝG-qü hïºÛ-¾m-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²ÛmHÛÅ-Z¤Å-ÇoP-Çtä-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-G-¼ï-‚ïh-Mã-»ôh-ˆP-Eïh-±ôºÛ-¾G-q¼»ôh-qÅ-ºhôh-q-¿e¼-HÛÅ-ÁÛG-TïÅ-zXôh-q-hP-ü DôÅ-zÅ¤-„Àô-»Þm®¤-zbP-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-GhôP-¾-G¸Û¼-z¿eÅ-ˆÛÅ-Eïh¼P-ºVÛ-Mã¼-ºWÛGÅ-CG-¤Û-ºhÝG-G¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅü „Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-HÛÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-»Ûm-»P-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-±ï-ÆôG-¯-Vïm-qô-»Ûm-qÅ-PºVÛ-Mã¼-Ÿïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG ºôm-ˆP-Eïh-¼P-±ô¼-V-zŸG-m-M-mG-M¾Dz-hôm-hÝ-h;º-¾Å-MG-¤Û-hP-ÆôG-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-¤Dm-hï-±ô-¤Û-f-Á¾ŸÛG-¾-¤-z¯ÛÅ-q¼-hqº-zô¼-z¯Û-»Û-ºhÝG-q-hï-zŸÛm-P-zôh-zÇemq-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-hôm-hÝ-ºVÛ-m-zôh-¤Û-¤P-GÛÅ-hqº-zô¼-z¯Û-»Û-¼ïhü Mã¤±m-hï ¼ -dï m -P-¾-zhï m -qºÛ - Mz-¯-»ô h -qÅ-P-ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -CG-GÛ ºhÝG-ˆP-ºVÛ-z¼-wPÅ-Åï¤Å-hP-„Àô-ºHôh-¯-z-mÅ-¤ïh-TïÅ-GhïPÅÇtôzÅ-Vïm-qôÅ-zÁh-qÅ-M-hqôm-¾z-Mã-TP-¤-½‰ïh-q¼-DôP-Fô-iGqôÅ-zŸÛm-HÛ-Fô-GZï¼-zÇkÝÅ-bï-z®ôm-DP-ºGô-ºFÛh-¾-¤Û-ºhÛ-¼ÛGÅ¾-mm-®¤-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-ºhÝG

ºVÛ - GÅô m -HÛ - Gh¤-;-½‰ ï h -qü

ºVÛ-GÅôm-HÛ-Gh¤-;-½‰ïh-qü uÛ - ¾ô - 1990 ¹- 5 ±ï Å - 27

(wô - Z-ºhô m -fï P Å-GZÛ Å -q¼-uÛ - ¾ô -

HÛ Û - Ÿô G Å-q-ym-ÇK ô - xï - zhP-¾¤-ÅïP-GTÛm-q-GbôP-z¼-xÛm-mÅ-Ç+ï-¼GÅ-zTÛPÅ-ˆÛm-»¼ºôP-Ç+zÅ-P-±ôºÛ-z®ôm-DP-¸Þ¼-HÛ-z®ôm-ÆâP-z-Çkôh-»Þ¾-DP-q-¤fômqô-hï-z®ôm-DP-mP-»Ûm-Aïm-Mãm-Gbm-Zïm-dôG-q-¼ï-GZÛÅ-¾Å-zÇkhˆÛ-¤ïh-ˆP-hïºÛ-ZÛm-¿UGÅ-ŸÐ-Hôm-qºÛ-h¤G-¤Û-¤ï-¤hº-Ç~G-Ç~G-¼POÛG-ºEï¼-z-hÝ-¤-zÇkh-ºhÝG-q-TÛ-»Ûm-m¤-Ç‰¤-mÅ-G»Å-G»ômDô ¼ -»Þ G -±P-¤¼-z¿e Å -qÅ-GP-Å¼-hï - ºi-zºÛ - M-h¤G-GÛ Å -EzºhÝ G ¿Ë G -q¼-¼Þ - DG-¿S - qºÛ - fô G -Çe ï P -GÅ¼-qºÛ - Çe ï P -¤ï - ¤hºÇ~G-Ç~G-zP-OÛG-mÅ-ºwïm-VôG-zÇkh-ºhÝG-q¼-hôGÅ-q-¸-Çeïü „Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-mP-ÇSôm-º±ßh-mÅ-I-OÛG-‚ãP-m-»GÇ‰¤-Çeï-bz-bôz-PP-»¼-º²â¾-mÅ-GTïm-qô-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-f¤G-GTÛG-ºfïm-hP-zÁh-qÅ-¤Ûm-ŸïÅ-zXôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-PºÛ-Pô-¤-

1990 ¹- 5 ±ï Å - 16 ¾-zÁh-q-mô ¼ -º²ô ¾ -‚ã P -ü )

22 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

GTôG-q¼-f-¤G-GTÛG-ºfïm-ÅôP-m¤-Mãm-f-¤G-ºfïm-HÛ-¤ïh-ˆPPÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-zMz-Ç+zÅ-h-G¸ôh-¼ï-®¤-ºfïm-HÛ-¼ïhü PÅ-º±zº±ßz-¤ïh-q-¿ËÛP-qôÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-I-OÛG-»ôh-h¤ü ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅü IOÛG-G-¼ï-‚ïh-hGôÅ-Å¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-ü hï-¼ÛP-»G-dGÅ-¤Û-ºhÝGºhº-hGôP-¤ÛG-h¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-hP-¹-z-mP-¤Û-fÞG-bà-zTßG-qºÛ-Ç+hV-Gô - ‚ã P -¾-hï - ¼Û P -fô G -D¼-¤ï - ¤hº-Ç~ G -Ç~ G -zP-OÛ G -mÅ-zÇk h ºhÝG-qÅ-‚ïh-±ß¾-ºhÛ-Eïh-¼P-±ô-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-ZÛm-¤ô-hï-¼ÛP¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-qÅü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-GÅh-mºP-GÅh-GP»P-¤Û - ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zXô h -‚ã P -ü PÅ-hï - ¼Û P -Eï h -±ô - GÅh-ˆÛ - ¼ï h -mzÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-mP-I-OÛG-hP-zTô¾-Gb¤-‚-Mã-¤ïh-h¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅ-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-P-mÛ-ÇSôm-¤-mÅ-I-OÛG-‚Å-mÅ-zÇkh-»ôh-¾¼ï-z-GŸm-GP-»P-¤ïh-G¾-ÆÛh-hï-¼ÛP-GÅh-ÅôP-m-Í-¤-¾GÅ-ˆÛÅP-¾-zÇ+Ý¼-qºÛ-¼-¿tGÅ-ˆÛ-Z¾-VÅ-ºhÛ-@P-¿UGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Z¾-¤WâGÇtä-±P-¤-¸h-mÅ-fÞGÅ-wm-ÅôÅ-q-¤Û-ºhÝG-ˆP-Í-¤-¾GÅ-ÅÞ-imdï m -vh-¼ô G Å-HÛ Å ü Hô m -Gô Å -hï - hG-¼P-hGô Å -m-zhG-Z¼-‚ï h hGô Å -q-hP-¤Û - hGô Å -m-GŸm-¾-vô h ü hï z -D-ÁÅ-»ô h -q-ºhÛ - hGz®ôm-DP-mP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-ÅÞ-»ôh-ˆP-hï-±ô¼-vôh-hGôÅü Eïh¼P-¤-ºôPÅ-z®ôm-DP-mÅ-JÀôh-Iô¾-‚ãP-Çeï-xÛºÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-ÇÀïzÅ-

ºVÛ - GÅô m -HÛ - Gh¤-;-½‰ ï h -qü

m-P-±ô-zôh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-Ez-zOGÅ-»Ûm-GTÛG-HÛÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-zü GTïm-qô-Eïh-¼P-hï-¼ÛP-h¤¼-GÅôh-GbP-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-‚ãP-m-P»P-GÅôm-qô¼-zÇkh-MãºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àô-ºDô¼-HÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁh-qÅVô-¤ïh-qºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àô-¤-GbôP-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü hï-mÅ-GP-®¤-ŸÛG¾-Vß-±ôh-hGÝ-q¼-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-»ôh-TïÅ-qºÛ-zl-º‚ô¼-‚ãP-z-Vß-±ôh¾-z¿e - Ç+ z Å-hGÝ - q-¸Û m -¾-Zï ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -Çt ï m -q‚Ûm-½ÀzÅ-»ôh-qÅ-¸ï¼-‚ãP-z-PÅ-GÅP-zºÛ-PP-Z¼-zºÛ-‚Ûm-½ÀzÅTßP-®¤-»ôh-q-Vß¼-Ç~P-mÅ-vh-qÅ-hï-zbàP-mÅ-ºVÛ-MãºÛ-I-OÛG‚Å-mÅ-ÇKÝG-zÇkh-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-P-mÛ-»Ûh-¼P-zŸÛm-hÝ-¤Û-GmÅ-q¼-Ç+hV-zÁh-¯ÛÅ-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-±ÛG-GTÛG-ˆP-PG-mÅ-fôm-HÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG hïmÅ-ƒG-¿Ë->Àâ-ÇKÝG-¹-zºÛ-¤hÝm-w¼-xÛm-mÅ-hï-¼ÛP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-ÆôG-fôG-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-m-P-±ô¼-zBz-fÞz-qºÛ-GhïP-±ôh-¤ïhˆP-ÁÛ-GÅôm-G-q¼-fÞG-ˆP-Ç+h-ºzôh-‚ïh-ˆÛm-Pô-Lô¾-‚Å-m-¤WâGbà-ºHôh-q-»ôh-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-q-»Ûmü ƒG-¿Ë->Àâ-ÇKÝG-¹-zÅ-P-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-Ç+h-zMz-xÛm-z®ôm-IôGÅ-±ô-XïÅ¤fÞh-ºôP-Mã-Gbm-Dï¾-zÅ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-M-Vï-‚ïh-fÞz-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁhmÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hï¼-fG-zThü Vß-±ôh-hGÝ-q-¸Ûm-q-hP-z®ôm-q-±P¤-FÛ¤Å-zOGÅ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ¼-Ç+ôP-ŸÛP-±ôGÅ-ºhÝºÛ-fôG-¤ÛG-h¤¼-

24 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

z=-ÁÛÅ-hP-¹-z-GZÛÅ-fG-qÅ-zÇk¤Å-mÅ-¼Û¾-¼Û¾-z¸ôÅ-bï-ºFÛh»ôP-mÅ-Dô-GZÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-mÅ-ƒôÅ-MãºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-zbÛP-±ß¾-hP¼ôGÅ-q-‚ïh-¤Û-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-hGº-¿km-z=-ÁÛÅ-»Ûm-±ß¾zXôh-q-¾Å-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-hôm-Aïm-»ôh-q-GTÛG-ˆP-zÁh-¤-ÅôP-¾¤fº-¤ºÛ-fG-GTôh-¾-hGº-¿km-z=-ÁÛÅ-¾ô-hGÝ-Çt¼-Mã-hP-„Àô-z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -¸Þ ¼ -hÝ - fG-GTô h -‚-Mã ü hô m -Iâ z -ˆÛ Å -¼P-ºDÞ ¼ -Pô Å ¾ï m -ŸÝ Å -qÅ-Zï Å -¤ï h -VG-»P-GbP-Mã ü ¤Û G -h¤¼-z=-ÁÛ Å -hP¹-z-GZÛÅ-ÆôG-fôG-GbP-Mã-ŸïÅ-Ez-zOGÅ-‚Å-±¼-q-hP-¾¤-ÅïPP-±ôºÛ-¤FÛÅ-hï¼-D-z;G-qºÛ-Á¼-½ÀâP-dGÅ-Tm-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-(½ÀPÅºDô¼-Vï-IÅ-ÁÛG-)ŸÛG-ºhÝG-q-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-M-h¤G-¤Z¤-¼Þz-ˆÛÅ-T-hPôÅzŸÛm-G»ÞGÅü ym-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-HÛ-¤FÛÅ-hï¼-zÇkh-»ôh-qÅ-¤ÛGh¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-HÛ-Oô¤-Bô¼-ÇeïP-mÅ-ÇKÝ¼-ÇKÝ¼-PP¤¼-z¿eÅ-bï-ÇSôm-mÅ-P-GZÛÅ-Pô-ÁïÅ-q¼-dïm-¤Gô-G»ÞGÅ-®¤-‚ÅÁÛP-Çkôh-Í×-¸ï¼-‚ãP-ü ºVÛ-¤Dm-¾-MãGÅ-Í×-ŸïÅ-zXôh-¤Û-zhï-z¤-¸hü ¾m-¤-ÇÀôG-±ï-„Àô-w¤-ºôP-Mã¼-dïm-»Þm-®¤-TÛ-im-¤ïh-q¼¾ÞÅü hï-mÅ-„Àô-zhï-qô-‚ïh-hGôÅ-q-hP-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-±P-¤ÅEïh-GZÛÅ-¾-Ç¨ôm-¾¤-zMG-GÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-¿+ÝGÅ-zl-vh-q-»Ûm-qÅº²â¤-®¤-hP-¤Gô-zô-¿UôG-®¤-‚ïh-zŸÛm-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-zBôh-mÅ-M¾-

ºVÛ - GÅô m -HÛ - Gh¤-;-½‰ ï h -qü

GTïÅ-hqº-zô-hï-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Ç+Ý-ÆôG-hïºÛ-ZÛm-Çeôh-¾ÞP-Å-fôG-bà-z=ôPÅq-¼ïh-TïÅ-zXôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG P-hP-ƒG-¿Ë - >À â - ÇK Ý G -¹-z-GZÛ Å -ˆÛ Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m GÅh-MãºÛ-FÛ¤Å-fG-zTh-q-»Ûm-m-Pô-Lô¾-‚-Mã-fG-zTh-»ôh-ˆPhï-ZÛm-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-fG-¤-zTh-q¼-¤ÛGh¤¼-z=-ÁÛÅ-hP-¹-z-GZÛÅ-¾¤-ÅïP-h¤¼-GÅôh-GbôP-zºÛ-FÛ¤ÅfG-zTh-ˆP-P-±ôÅ-½‰ôG-i-zÇÀPÅ-±ï-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-¤P-qô-ŸÛGºyôG-z½ÀGÅ-ºIô-Mã¼-dïm-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-DôG-bà-¤Ûh-mÅ-ºÞ-fÞG-¤±¤ÅºWôG-¤Û-‚ïh-;-¤ïh-‚ãP-ü

26 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

z®ôm-q-ºhÅ-GÅôm-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-HÛhzÞ-ºFÛh-GmP-zü 1990 ¹- 10 mP-GÛ - hGô P -¤ô - ŸÛ G -P-±ô - Z¾-±¼-®¤-¾MºÛ-Zïm-dôG-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-ÍÞ-»ôm-GŸôm-q-qh-¤-¼Ûm-Vïm-hP-ü ÅÞºÞzÛ P -ü (zô h -q- ) Ÿºô - =â º Þ - (M-¤Û -) ;©ü zTÅ-JÀ ô - zÞ ¼ -¿Ë G Å-bï - Z¾DP-iâG-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-G®ßG-¾G-DP-GÛ-¹-z-hzP-ºhÝh-hP-ü ¼-Çeôh¹-zü(h-Ç+zÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-DôP-zŸÝGÅ-ÇK¼-wô-ƒP-mP-»ôhü) P-±ôºÛ-Z¾-DP-mÅ-„Àôz¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü ±ï - ¼Û P -lô - Xï ü ymü Z¾-DP-zMh-qºÛ mP-mÅ-PG-hzP-qh-h;¼-hP-ü zÇem-º²Ûm-wÞm-±ôGÅü ±ï-¼ÛPzÅô h -m¤Åü ¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P -ü ¤Û G -h¤¼-±ï - ¼Û P -ü zTÅ-Z¾-DPÅô-Åô-mÅ-zbôm-bïï-@P-Xïm-¤¼-Vß-¼Å-GTÛG-qÞ-¾Å-Hôm-¤-zTßG-q¼MãG-zTßG-q-hP-JÀôG-MãG-hP-ü lôG-MG-ŸÝ-zü fG-qÅ-zÇk¤Å-qü ±P-¤-»¼-¾PÅ-¤¼-Çkôh-zMh-zM-‚ïh-zTßG-q-ÅôGÅ-ÇkÝG-¢ôP-ÇoLÝ-zbP-‚ãP-ü hïºÛ-mP-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-@P-¿UGÅ-»ôh-

z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü 27

Aï m -Mã G Å-hÝ Å -hP-hHï h -hGÝ ¼ -h;º-zÅ-JÀ ô G -Mã G -ŸÝ - z-hP-JÀ ô G zbP-mÅ-z®ßGÅ-q-zTÅ-ˆÛ-h;º-P¾-Vï-ÁôÅ-‚ãP-ÅôP-ü ZïÅ-lÝPGbôP-¤Û-Zïm-dôG-q-;©-¤-GbôGÅ-GŸm-±P-¤-ZÛm-GÝP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh»Ûm-q-¾Å-hGôP-¤ô-ºGm-ºFÛ-GP-»P-¤ïh-ˆP-P-±ôºÛ-¿e-uôh-m¤Mãm-mÅ-HôP-qô-ºhÝG-TïÅ-Vïh-hÝ-¤m¼-GTôh-GbôP-z¼-»ôP-z-¼ïhü ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-(¿Ë-Å-ÇÀôz-ºƒÛP-hP-qôºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-)hï-hÝÅ-¾ô-zTß-hGÝ¼-Åôm-»ôhq-hP-P-GZÛÅ-MP-Dh-Zï-zÅ-Ç+h-V-Áôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-¾Å-‚ïhq-Ÿºô-=âºÞ-ŸïÅ-qÅ-fÞP-¤hºÛ-D-¯ï-¾ôP-D¼-ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼-ŸÝÅ-¤-fGDÞ¤Å-ÅôP-»P-h-hÝP-JÀôG-MãG-hP-ü lôG-MG-ŸÝ-zü lôG-qÅ-μÛÅq-zTÅ-‚Å-ÅôP-ü hï-¿eºÛ-¤m¼-GTôh-iG-qô-ÅP-ZÛm-ŸôGÅ-q-Vß±ô h -zŸÛ - q¼-GŸÛ - mÅ-¤±¤Å-zŸG-®¤-‚ã P -ü ¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P -Z¾DP-zMh-q-hP-P-zhÝm-q-»Ûm-qÅ-hGôP-¤ô-¤Z¤-hÝ-¤ïh-ˆP-ZÛm¤ô-¾Å-;¼-¤Z¤-hÝ-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-qô¼-m-¸ÞG-zbP-z-hP-ü D¾G-z¸º-ÁÝGÅ-VßP-hÝ-ºIô-±ß¾-dG-q¼-JÀïP-GÛ-ºhÝG-¾-P-±ôÅ-¼ôGÅ¼¤-‚Å-mÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-Ç¨m-DP-fïPÅ-¤P-zÇeïm-»P-wm-fôGÅ¤ïh-q-ZÛm-¼ï-¾Å-¤-ºhÅ-q-ÇkÝG-bà-xÛm-mÅ-uÛ-¹-zTß-GTÛG-qºÛ-¹ºGô¼-È-TP-Zïm-ºGm-hÝ-Hã¼-q-¼ïhü ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-Ç¨m-DP-GÛ-ÇKôºI¤-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-ÇKÝ¼-ÇKÝ¼-PP-ºIô-z-;Ým-HÛÅ-¤fôP-»Þ¾-»Ûm-»P-Ç¨m-

28 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

DP-¾-zdG-hrh-‚Å-bï-m-±-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁh-qÅ-z®ôm-q-±P¤Å-h-G-¼ï-‚-hGôÅ-Å¤-ŸïÅ-»Ûh-GZÛÅ-fï-±ô¤-PP-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¿ËGq-±ï - ¼Û P -ZÛ m -GÝ P -ŸÛ G -P-±ô - D-¾G-¸-»Þ ¾ -hÝ - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ¤hÝm-»ôP-mÅ-GTïm-qô-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûmü P-m-¸ÞG-GÛÅ-z¸ôhfzÅ-¤Û-ºhÝG-ˆP-Ç¨m-DP-GÛ-zhG-vôh-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-m-G-¼ï-‚ïhhGôÅ-Å¤ü ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-ÅôP-zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-hô-hGôP-¤±mHÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-Gbm-Dï¾-ŸÛG-¾-¼P-GÛÅ-¸ÞG-Qâ-zbP-zºÛ-±ß¾-HÛÅ-VôPï-ºhôm-hGôÅ-hïºÛ-XïÅ-P-±ôÅ-Ç+h-zMG-¼ôGÅ-‚Å-mÅ-¤±m-¤ô-²iG-qô-zHÛ-m-zhG-vôh-‚ïh-q-¤Û-»ôP-P¤-ŸïÅ-zÁh-hï-P-¾-zÅ¤±ß¾-iÛÅ-‚ãP-z-»G-qô-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zXôh-q-»Ûmü hïºÛ-¤±m-¤ô-Vß-±ôhzTß-q-®¤-¾-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-GÛÅ-¸ÞG-Qâ-zbP-zºÛ-Ç+h-zbôm-q-fôÅ¤-fG-Z¾-DP-zhÝm-q-hP-ü zMh-qºÛ-z®ôm-q-±P-¤Å-ÇKïºÞ-DÞPmP-mÅ-Ç‰m-ÅïP-ŸÝ-Mã¼-¤Û-ºVÛ-IzÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-Ç+h-zMzqºÛ - Ç+ z Å-q-ÅPÅ-Dºô - =P- (z®ô m -DP-hô - h¤-‚ï h -qºÛ - ºGô - ºFÛ h -¤fô - IÅÁÛ G )ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ-PG-hzP-qh-h;¼-hP-zÇem-º²Ûm-wÞm-±ôGÅ-GZÛÅˆÛ Å -mh-G»ô G -‚Å-bï - Ç¨ m -DP-¾-ºFÛ h -q-¼ï h ü mh-G»ô G -GZÛ Å mÅ-zÁh-q-¿e¼-m-Ç¨m-DP-hÝ-ÇÀïzÅ-q-hP-w-GÛ¼-Ç‰ô¾-ŸïÅ-zXôh-hïzdG-hrh-TÛ - »P-¤-‚Å-Gô P -Ç¨ m -Vß - ¤ï h -qºÛ - Dz-¯ï - hrÛ - ¤Gô ¼ -

z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü 29

z®ßGÅ-mÅ-bôG-®¤-XïÅ-G-¼ï-m-»Û-»ôh-h¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-ºhÝG-hïºÛ-hGôP¤ô-Ç¨m-DP-hÝ-¤-Z¼-z¼-Ç¨m-ŸÛG-vh-mÅ-¾ôG-zbP-ºhÝG-q-hÝÅ-hïmÅ-z¸ÞP-ZÛm-¼ï-¾Å-¤-ºhÅ-q¼-m-±-ÇkÝG-bà-xÛm-mÅ-Bôz-fzÅ-¤ïhqºÛ - ¤±¤Å-bï - uÛ - ¾ô - 1990 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 11 ¾-GŸÛ - mÅ-zhGqô-zMz-ˆP-m-±-½ÀÛh-TÛh-(zÁ¾-mh-ˆÛ-ƒï-ƒG-ºGôÅ-mh-TÛG-)»Ûm-qÅ-Ç¨mP-±ôÅ-vh-VôG-z®ôm-DP-mP-»¼-ºFÛh-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-zÅ-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-½ÀÛh-TÛh-m-±-ºGôÅ-mh-»Ûm-qÅ-z®ôm-DP-mP-»¼ºFÛh-m-ºIÛG-GÛ-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-q-hïºÛ-XïÅ-PG-hzP-qh-h;¼hP-zÇem-º²Ûm-wÞm-±ôGÅ-GZÛÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ˆP-mm-Vï¼-zÁh-ÅôPzÅ-¤fº-¤¼-Ç¨ m -DP-mP-Z¼-Mã ¼ -DÅ-„À P Å-®¤-‚ã P -»P-mhG»ôG-Z¼-HÛ-¤Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü hï-¾-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅmh-G»ô G -¤ï h -±ï - mh-q¼-¸Å-¼G-fzÅ-¤ï h -qÅ-mh-G»ô G -¤Z¤ºFÛh-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-q-hïºÛ-GŸôGÅ-ºhïGÅ-P-±ôÅ-‚Å-bïGP-fÞz-zÁh-qÅ-¤fº-¤¼-mh-G»ôG-ZïÅ-GÅôG-z®ôm-q-ŸÛG-ºFÛhmÅ-Ç¨m-DP-hÝ-Z¼-z-¼ïhü uÛ - ¾ô - 1990 ¹ 12 ±ï Å - 14 ¤±m-¤ô - P-±ô Å -ÇK ï - DÞ P mP-mÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-q-D-ÁÅ-ƒï¾-z-Vïm-qôÅ-z½‰m-ºyÛmz¿e-»Þ¾-mP-Vß-hzô¼-z-¤fôP-zÅ-w¾-Vï¼-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-IôPÅ-qºÛ-

30 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

GmÅ-±ß¾-Pm-q-‚ãP-z-¤Ûm-m¤-Ç‰¤ü ÅP-ZÛm-±ïÅ-zTô-¿SºÛ-ŸôGÅq-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ÇS-qô-mÅ-»¼-¾ôPÅ-¸ï¼-HÛ-ºhÝG-q-»¼¾PÅ-Ç+zÅ-ºhº-hGôP-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-IôPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-Pm-q‚ã P -z-»Û m -ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zÁh-‚ã P -ü hï º Û - Xï Å -hï ¼ -Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qhôm-Iâz-lô-Xï-±ß¼-ÇÀïzÅ-‚ãP-z-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-hôm-Iâz-lôXï-¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-GÅ¼-q-Gô-Mã-¤Û-ºhÝG-G¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-ÅôP-ü hôm-Iâzlô-XïºÛ-Z¾-DP-GÛ-ºFÛÅ-¾-z®ôm-ÆâP-zºÛ-Z¾-DP-»ôh-qÅ-Dô-±ôºÛ¾z-JÀïP-¾Å-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-IôPÅ-q-fôÅ-Ç+ô¼-zÁh-ÅôP-zÅ-»Þm-®¤TP-¤Û-¬-z¼-h-¿eºÛ-hÝÅ-ºhÛ¼-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-ŸÛG-¤-Çtï¾-z¼-ºIÛG-fzÅGbm-mÅ-¤Û - ºhÝ G -GP-ºi-‚ï h -h¤-Ÿï Å -zXô h -‚ã P -z¼ü PÅ-¾ÅºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-Mã¼-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-»ôh-¾-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GP-ŸÛG-Çtï¾-zºÛ-ºV¼GŸÛ-»ôh-Eïh-¼P-GÛÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-‚ïh-¼ôGÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-qÅ-¼Å-ÇeïP»Û-Gï-ƒÛÅ-mÅ-Pô-Lô¾-Fô¤-Ç+ô¼-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1990 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 14 ¤±m-¤ô º Û - Vß - ±ô h -zTß GTÛG-®¤-¾-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-IôPÅ-ºhÝG-hïºÛ-hGôP-¤ô-Vß-¤P-qô-hzô¼ºIô - z-wÞ P -qô - z=â - ‚ï h -»Û m -m¤ü FG-Bå G -q-z=â - ‚ï h -»Û m ü hÝ G GÛ-mÝÅ-¿ËG-wÞP-ÇeïP-mÅ-¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-‚ïh-»Ûm-GP-¿e¼-z®ôm-q-±P¤¼-hÝG-GÛÅ-zÅh-qºÛ-hôôGÅ-GŸÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-ü hï-mÅ-PÅ-z®ôm-qºÛ-

z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü 31

¼Å-ˆÛ-D-Ghm-h;¼-qô-Vïm-qô-GTÛG-¤¼-zÁGÅ-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-HÛÅ-ÆÛm-z¾-HÛ-«å-GÝºÛ-±z-‚Å-bï-ÇoG-±-mG-qôÅ-»Ûh-Bô-zºÛPP-mÅ-ºhÅ-qô-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-¾-¥-Pm-ŸÝ-ŸïÅ-hP-ü GŸm-GTÛGGÅôm-qô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ-GmÅ-zz-¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïhhGôÅ-ŸïÅ-»ÛG-yïP-Vïm-qô-GZÛÅ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-yïh-h¼-GZÛÅ-z¸ôÅ-XïÅym-h¼-MãG-zOæz-q¼-ºIô-D¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¾Å-;-¤Gô¤-z®ßGÅ-GôP-GŸm-HÛÅ-ÁïÅ-m-¾Å-hôm-¾-z¼-Vh-»ôP-GÛ-¼ïhü hï¼dïm-G¸z-G¸z-‚Å-mÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-¾-»P-hôGÅ-ºiôGÅ-¤-ÇÀôPÅ-ÁÛG¸ï ¼ -HÛ - ºhÝ G -qÅ-PÅ-»× - »× - ¸ï ¼ -mÅ-¤¼-hô m -mÅ-fz-±P-GÛ - ÁÛ P zŸG-»Þ¾-mÅ-MãG-q-zŸÛ-zOæGÅ-q-»Ûmü Z¾-DP-iâG-qºÛ-¤WâGhï¼-z®ôm-q-GŸm-±P-¤-¼Þz-¼Þz-‚Å-mÅ-ZÛ-ºôh-Æô-ŸÛP-¿ËG-q-±ï¼ÛP-Ç+ô¼-zÁh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG PÅ-fz-±P-GÛ-ÁÛP-zŸG-»Þ¾-hï-mÅ-MãGq-zŸÛ-ºEï¼-»ôP-Ç+zÅ-z®ôm-q-±P-¤Å-P-¾-¿e-»Û-ºhÝG-qÅ-hôGÅq-ŸÛ-‚ïh-ÇKïºÞ-DÞP-GÛ-fôh-hï¼-z¸ô-zTôÅ-ÁÛG-‚ïh-Mã-»ôh-qºÛ-¸ô¾-HÛÅw¼-z®ßGÅ-±ß¼-z®ßGÅ-‚ïh-zŸÛm-»Þm-®¤-zÇkhü hï-mÅ-»¼-º²â¾¾¤-ÅïP-ÇKô-¤¼-zMz-Çeï-yïh-h¼-z®ï¤Å-¼ôGÅ-‚Å-bï-M-h¼-hPVß - ÁÝ ¼ -¹-z-GZÛ Å -ˆÛ Å -yï h -h¼-GTÛ G -z®ï ¤ Å-±¼-z-hP-„À ô - z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¾¤-ÅïP-¾G-bà-z¸ÞP-Çeï-¤¼-ºIô-ŸïÅ-zXôh-q-hP-

32 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ºƒÅ-ÇtäPÅ-Ç+¾-z¸P-hP-DôP-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-»Ûh-Bôºô-PP-mÅ-ºhÅ-qô¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-¾-¥-Pm-ŸÝ-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-yïh-h¼-hï-ºEï¼-mÅ-hôm-xÛm-¤fG-M-h¼-hP-P-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-GÅôm-qô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛGmÅ-zz-zNå¼-zTôÅ-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-yïh-h¼-hï-z¸ÞP-Çeï-P-±ô¤Û-zŸÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-¤¼-º±P-G-ÁÛG-ÁÛG-hôm-mÅ-¤ï-bôG-¿kÝ¤-¼¼-Ç+ô¼-zzMz-q-»Ûmü P-±ôÅ-¤Û-ÅÞ-GTÛG-¾-»P-Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP-ºzôh-Ç+Ý¾-‚Å-¤ïh-ˆPz®ôm-q-±P-¤Å-yïh-h¼-HÛ-»Û-Gï-¾-»P-¤-z¿eÅ-q¼-¤WâG-bà-zPOÛG-±¼-ºhÝG-q-¤Z¤-¼Þz-z®ôm-DP-mP-Ç+ô¼-z-zMz-Çeï-P-±ôºÛ¤WâG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-z®ôm-q-DG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-ÇKô-z;G-ÅôPz-hP-ü P-±ô Å -¾Å-‚ï h -q-Ÿºô - =â º Þ - »Û G -±P-mP-zÇk h -ºhÝ G -qºÛ ¤hÝm-xÛm-mÅ-ÇKô-z;G-Çeï-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-zºÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¯h-GTôh‚ïh-hGôÅ-»ôh-TïÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-zMz-mÅ-zÁhü M-¾Å-ˆÛÅ-Eïh-±ôWâÅ-GbôGÅ-»ôh-¤-¼ïh-zXôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-qÅ-P-±ôÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ¾-M-GTÛG-ºHã¼-»Ûm-±ß¾-¤P-hG-zÁh-hï-¥-Pm-¤±ôm-Vïh-ŸÐ-¤ôwÞh-Ç+zÅ-¾Å-‚ïh-q-Ÿºô-=âºÞ-»ÛÅ-Eïh-±ô-Å-ºhÛ¼-ºhÛ-ºi-¤-‚ïhxÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-ºIô-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-zÅ-P-±ôÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-xÛ-ÇKô-xïmÅ-xÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-zBôh-hï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-P-±ô-¤hÝm-hï¼-zÇkhü

z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü 33

ŸÐ-¤ô-wÞh-TÛP-yïh-h¼-¤hÝm-hÝ-z=¤Åü ¼Þ-DG-ºGô-ºFÛh-¾-h-¿eºÛGmÅ-±ß¾-ºhÛºÛ-fh-Eïh-¼P-±ô-hP-Ç+h-V-zÁh-ˆÛ-¤Ûmü G-¼ï-»ÛmŸï-mü z®ôm-DP-GÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-ˆÛÅ-fG-Vôh-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Ûmü Ç+hV-Áôh-»Þ¾-¾ô-;Å-Tßh-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)hP-ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ü ¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅzTÅ-»Ûm-qÅ-ºGô-ºFÛh-¤fô-z-ºFÛh-ÁôG-TïÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-¤f¼-Bï¾PP-zÇkh-qÅ-hGôP-iô-GP-®¤-ŸÛG-¾-z®ôm-DP-¾Å-‚ïh-ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-zºÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¯h-GTôh-hGôÅ-»ôh-TïÅ-¼ï-z-zbômqÅü Eï h -¼P-±ô Å -V-Aï m -G-¼ï - zbô m -»P-P-±ô Å -DÅ-„À P -GÛ - »Û m ü ºôm-ˆP-Eïh-±ôÅ-hï-¼ÛP-GÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-ºhÛ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-hGôÅü G¾-ÆÛh-h-hÝP-¤Þ-¤fÞh-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Mãm-ºEôPÅ-‚-m-iG-Gmôm-‚-MãºÛn¤-q-zÇem-ÅôP-ü hï-hÝÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ü ¤Û-D-ÁÅ-ˆÛÅhGô Å -ºhÝ m -»Û G -fô G -¾-ƒÛ Å -mÅ-vh-Åô P -z-hP-ü hGº-¿k m -=â º Þ ¼Ûm-VßP-zhG-GÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-¾Å-‚ïh-qÅ-hqôm-Z¤Å-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-‚ïhˆÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-¼-vôh-hP-zTÅ-zÁhü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-mP-GÛ-¤Û-Ço-G®ôzô-hï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-»Ûm-Aïm-P-±ôÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅG-¼ï-zÁh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-zÅ¤Å-GŸÛGÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛm-zÁh-q-¼ïhü P-±ô-¾ÅºGÝ¾-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-hÝÅ-¾-ÇÀïzÅ-hÝÅ-¤º-Dºô-=P-(z®ôm-DPhô-h¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-¤fô-IÅ-ÁÛG-)GÛÅ-yïh-h¼-VßP-z-hï-»¼-zÇkÝÅ-q-hP-

34 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

PºÛ - yï h -h¼-„À P -z¼-»ô P -Ç+ z Å-¯Û Å -vô h -¤-zHÛ Å -qÅü „À ô - z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Çtïm-q-¯ÛÅ-vôh-HÛÅü ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-z-PÅ-GTïmqô-ºhÛ-ºiºÛ-PP-zŸG-Mã-»Ûm-m¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-qÅü ¼P-zÅ¤-„Àô-»Gqô-fôPÅ-hP-ü hï-¼ÛP-P-±ôÅ-¾Å-;-ºhÛ-®¤-‚Å-qÅ-ºIÛG-q-¼ïhü h-¿e-P-±ôÅ-Mz-¿YôPÅ-¾-zÅ¤-„Àô-¤-GbP-m-mÝÅ-q-fôm-qºÛ-hôm-¤ºIâz-q¼-¤Û-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-ºyôG-z½ÀGÅ-ºIô-Mã-»Ûm-q-Gbm-ºDï¾-zÅzÅ¤-„À ô - Gbô P -zºÛ - hÝ Å -±ô h -ÇÀ ï z Å-ºhÝ G h-z¼-»G-qô - ‚ã P -Åô P -ü h-hÝP-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-MG-GÛm-zÇkh-q-»Ûm-m-Dï-HôP-zÇkÝ¼-fÞz-ˆÛ-¤-¼ïh¸ï¼-‚ãP-zÅ-GŸÛ-mÅ-JÀôh-q-»Ûmü M-¤ÛÅ-GÅh-Mã-»Ûm-qºÛ-zl-zbP±¼-z-hï¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ˆP-zÅ¤-„Àô-GbôP-hGôÅ-q-¾ÅºGm-hÝ-Hã¼-»ôhü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-¤±¤Å-¤-zŸG-GôP-P-±ôÅ-¼ï-z-¿Szbôm-q-¼ïhü hP-qôü z®ôm-q-±P-¤-Ç+Ý-wÞP-¤W¾-z¼-GbôP-hGôÅü GZÛÅ-qü ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-zºÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¯h-GTh-mÅ-fG-GTôh‚ïh-hGôÅü GÅÞ¤-qü Mãm-hÝ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q¼-hôm-¤ïh-ZïÅ-lÝP-GbôP-zŸÛmq-ZïÅ-Tm-¤Û-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-¾G-Çe¼-‚Å-mÅ-hôm-¤ïh-lÝPlïG-GbP-¤Û-VôG

z®ô m -q-ºhÅ-GÅô m -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - Vï h -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ -HÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -GmP-zü 35

zŸÛ-qü Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-mh-q-»Ûm-xÛm-Ç¨m-DP-¾-ºIô-zºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅz®ôm-q-GŸm-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-hGôÅü ¿S-qü G¸º-¹-z-hP-Çtïm-q-¾Å-Ç¨m-DP-zÇeïm-¤Û-VôG-q-hï¼-zNå¼zTôÅ-GbP-hGôÅ-q-¤-¸hü m-±-¯h-¤-Vôh-qºÛ-Íï¤-VÛ-xÛ¼-ºfïm‚Å-mÅ-»ôm-bm-GmÅ-±h-¤fô-z¼-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-vh-hGôÅü P-±ôÅ-zbôm-qºÛ-hôm-±m-GŸm-n¤Å-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-bï-hôm-±m-hP-qô¼Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-qºÛ-¤fÞÅ-±z-GTÛG-GÛÅ-Ç+Ý-wÞP-¾-z¿e-z¼-xÛm-VôGq-¾Å-±P-¤-xÛm-m-¤Û-ºIÛG-TïÅ-zÁh-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅzÁh-q-zŸÛm-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-¾GÅ-ÅP-ZÛm-GmPÅ-ZÛm-ŸÛG-wïzÅMã-‚Å-bï-hï-ZÛm-HÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-hï-ŸôGÅ-q-Vß-±ôh-zMh-q-mÅ-ºGô±ßGÅ-bï-hGôP-¤ô-Vß-±ôh-zŸÛ-q-¿S-q¼-GŸÛ-mÅ-¤WâG-OÛ¾-q-¼ïhü

36 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ºVÛ-Mã¼-I-OÛG-‚Å-mÅ-zÇkh-»ôhü z®ô m -DP-mP-m¤-Mã m -¤Vô h -¤ï - Çt ¼ -Vô G -GÛ - ¤ï h -ˆP-hï º Û hGôP-¤ô-P-±ô¼-fÞG-ºyh-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-GZïm-ZïÅ-vh-qºÛ-¤¼-ym-zÞ-»ôhqÅ-®ßºÞ-(±ôGÅ-VßP.ü)mP-wô¼-q-hP-ÇtG-GÛ-¤Vôh-;ôP-z¸ôÅ-mÅ-¿ËG-q±ï - ¼Û P -hï - ZÛ h -ˆÛ - Vï h -Z¾-DP-GÛ - M-Tô G -Çe ï P -¤Vô h -¤ï - wÞ ¾ -z-»Û m ü Tß P -xÛ - qô - Hã ¼ -Xï Å -GŸm-±P-¤-Z¾-Åô P -»P-P-¼P-¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P ºhÅ-qô-»Ûh-¾-ºDô¼-bï-Åï¤Å-n¾-hÝ-¤Û-GmÅ-qÅ-¤-Z¾-z¼-zÇkh»ô h ü hGô P -¤ô - Vß - ±ô h - 10 ®¤-¾-¤-‚m-HÛ - ±ô G Å-Vß P -mP-Ç+ h Tô¼-MG-GÛ-ºhÝG-q-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-G-¼ï-»Ûm-m¤-»G-qôZô m -hP-¸ï¼ -‚ãP-z-Zm-Ç+zÅü ;ÐÅü Môz-hP-Eïh-„Àô-DôG -»ôh-mü ;ÐÅü ŸïÅ-P¼-Ç+h-OôG-zŸÛm-ºhÝG-q-hï-mÛ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzPIGÅ-»Ûm-qºÛ-Ç+h-Pô-Vôhü ÅP-ZÛm-hï-Gô-z¼-GŸÛGÅ-m-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅzÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-ˆÛÅ-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ºhÅ-qôºÛ-Vïh-¤Vôh-¤ï-wÞ¾z¼-z=-ÁÛ Å -Dºô - =P-(z®ô m -DP-hô - h¤-‚ï h -qºÛ - ºGô - ºFÛ h -¤fô - IÅ-ÁÛ G)hP-q-

ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü

ÅPÅ-=P-ÍÞh-(Vz-ÆÛh-hô-h¤-q-)GZÛÅ-Zïm-dôG-q-D-ÁÅ-ºFÛh-mÅ-Ç+ô¼z-MG-q¼-»ôP-z-hP-z=-ÁÛÅ-Dºô-=P-GÛÅ-Eïh-¤Vôh-¤ï-Çt¼-mÅG-¼ï-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-h¤ü ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-ºhÝG-qÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzPIGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Eïh-±ô-¤Û-zÅh-VôG-q¼-P-¤Vôh-¤ï-Çt¼-¤-VôG-q-G-¼ï»ô h -h¤-Ÿï Å -zÁh-ºhÝ G z=-ÁÛ Å -Dºô - =P-GÛ Å -¤ï - ¤hº-zbô m mÅ-ºWÛGÅ-¸Û¾-zÇem-ºhÝG-q¼-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-ˆÛÅƒP-DôG-h¤¼-ÉïP-hÝ-zbôm-mÅ-Eïh-¼P-GÛ-¤ï-¤hº-hï-MG-VôG-qºÛhzP-V-hP-lïºÞ-»ôh-¤ïh-PÅ-ÁïÅ-¤-ÅôP-ü ºôm-ˆP-Eïh-¼P-hzPV-hP-lïºÞ-»ôh-m-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-zMz-¼ôGÅ-‚ôÅü P-¾ÞÅ-PG-»Ûh-GÅÞ¤&M¾-z-zÇe m -º²Û m -M-¤±ô ¼ -wÞ ¾ -¸Û m -q-»Û m -h-Mô z -¼ô G Åü Mô z TÛ G -Tï Å -ÍÞ - ±ß G Å-zMz-ˆÛ m -zÇk h -ºhÝ G z®ô m -DP-GÛ - ºGô - FÛ h ¤fô-ÁôÅ-q-ÅPÅ-=P-ÍÞh-½‰ôG-i-¿ËGÅ-hôGÅ-G»ÞGÅ-ŸôG-TïÅ-zÁhºhÝG-hï-mÅ-Z¾-DP-zMh-q-zMãh-P-±ôºÛ-Z¾-DP-hï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-ÅôP-ü P-¤-Z¾-z¼-GTÛG-qÞ¼-zÇkh-»ôh-Aïm-z=-ÁÛÅ-Dºô-=P-GÛÅ-Dô-¼ïZ¾-HÛ-¤Ûm-m¤ü ¸ï¼-PÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-¸Ûm-¤Û-ºhÝGZ¾-HÛ - ¤Û m -Ÿï Å -zXô h ü q-ÅPÅ-=P-ÍÞ h -ˆÛ Å -Gm¤-GÁÛ Å -IP-¤ô »Û m -q¼-dï m -ÇS - ®¤-Z¾-m-zÅ¤-HÛ - ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zÁh-‚ã P -zÅü PºEG-GÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁh-q-»Ûmü M-TôG-ÇKP-GÛ-¤Vôh-¤ï-hï-hG-

38 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

Çt¼-VôG-GÛ-¼ïh-h¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-z-Çt¼-¤Û-VôG-ˆP-¤Û-ÁÛ-zÅ-Çt¼HÛ-»ôh-TïÅ-Dô-q¼-Eh-GÅôh-Á-ÇeG-zHÛÅ-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²ÛmZ¾-Å¼-Gh-¤ô - zGh-mÅ-zÇk h -ºhÝ G P-±ô Å -»-¾m-hï - ¿e ¼ -ÇÀ ô G ˆP-±ß¼-iG-Gmôm-¤-‚Å-q-mÛü z®ôm-q-±P-¤-P¼-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-»ÛmqÅ-½‰ôG-i-‚ãP-hôGÅ-¼ïhü ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-wÞP-ºW¾-z¼-Ç+ÝŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-¾GÅ-ÅP-ZÛm-GmPÅ-ZÛm-ŸÛG-ºFÛh-Mã-‚Å-ˆP-Dô-q±ôÅ-JÀô-zÞ¼-Ç+Ý-wÞP-hÝ¼-Fôh-hÝ-zB¾-±¼-ºhÝG ¹-hïºÛ-uÛ-±ïÅ- 20 ¾-P-±ô-fÞG-ºyh-ˆÛ-ZÛm-¤ô-Ç+h-V-Gô-Mã¼-¿Ë-ÅºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-hô-ÇoP-TmºGº-ŸÛG-hÝ¼-Fôh-hÝ-Ç+Ý-wÞP-¾-z¿e-z¼-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-hÝG-wôG-ºhÝG-¸ï¼zºÛ-Ç+h-V-ŸÛG-Ez-ºhÝG-q-hP-hï-ÇSôm-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-V-±P-mÅ-hÝGvh-hï - zÅh-qºÛ - Pô Å -º²Û m -‚Å-q-¾Å-z®ô m -q-ÅÞ - GTÛ G -GÛ Å -ˆPhPôÅ-Xïm-hqP-qô-¤fôP-¤ïhü hï - Xï Å -ZÛ m -D-ÁÅ-ÁÛ G -mÅ-Íï ¤ -VÛ - ŸÛ G -Ç+ h -zbP-Çe ï - z®ô m DP-ºGô-FÛh-mÅ-Eïh-±ôÅ-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-Aïm-¯h-zTh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅzÁh-q-hï-¼ÛP-P-±ôÅ-DôP-ºIï¾-zÁh-MG-q¼-Ç+h-zbP-»ôh-TïÅzÁhü Íï ¤ -VÛ - hï Å -P-¿Y ô P Å-¤Û - ¤P-Ç¨ m -DP-GÛ - Ç¨ m -q-»Û m ü ¿Ë G q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-Aïm-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-hP-Íï¤-VÛºÛ-GÅ¾-zÁh-¾Eïh-±ô-»Ûh-VïÅ-ˆÛ-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-Vïh-¤PGÅ-P-Ç+h-zbP-q-zŸÛm-»ôP-

ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü

q-»Ûmü ¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ÁÛ-zºÛ-Mã-Aïm-Mã-¿ËG-GÛ-mh-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁhü hï-¾-P-±ôÅ-¤Û-hÝ-¤Å-iÛ-z-z;ôh-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-Mã-¿ËG-»Ûm-m-®ôG-qºÛmP-FG-hP-nG-hôm-q-G-¼ï-»Ûm-m¤ü ÇSôm-¤-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-Íï¤-VÛÅ½ÀÛh-TÛh-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-qÅ-m-±-¯h-¤-Vôh-qºÛ-Íï¤-VÛ-Ç¨m-DP-mPzŸG-mÅ-hGô Å -q-G-¼ï - »ô h -h¤ü Ÿï Å -iÛ Å -q-¼ï h ü Íï ¤ -VÛ - hï Å Mã - ¿Ë G -m-±-¯h-GTô h -q-È-TP-h;º-hqï ¼ -mü ¼P-Bô P -¿Y ô P Å-ˆÛ ºGô-ºFÛh-TÛG-Mã-¿ËG-GÛ-mh-¤m¼-mÅ-Mãm-¼ÛP-XïÅ-P-¼P-GÛ-hGïLm-Ç¨m-DP-GÛ-¤fô-¼Û¤-ºGô-ºFÛh-TÛG-GÛÅ-m-±¼-zdG-hrh-‚ÅqÅ-¯h-¤-Vôh-ˆP-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Dô-¼P-GÛÅ-zdG-hrh-‚Å-bï-hGï-Lm-HÛÅ¯h-¤-Vôh-q-hï-hGï-yâG-GÛÅ-¯h-Vôh-q-¼ïhü XïÅ-ÅÞ-Lm-¾GÅ-GôÅ-wz-JÀ-V-zTGÅ-‚Å-ˆP-hôm-hPôÅ-Mã-¿ËG-GÛ-m-±-hï-Íï¤-VÛ-ÅÞ»Ûm-»P-¯h-Vôh-q¼-h;º-¾Å-bôG-®¤-»ôh-q-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-ÅôP-ü PÅ-hGï-Lm-HÛÅ-¯h-¤-Vôh-qºÛ-m-±-hGï-yâG-GÛÅ-Vôh-q-hP-Eïh¼P-GZÛÅ-¤Z¤-ºhïGÅ-fôG-mÅ-¤Û-hï-zBzÅ-fÞz-q-¤-¸hü ¤Û-¤ÁÛ - mºP-m-±-¯h-¤-Vô h -q-GTÛ G -qÞ Å -JÀ - V-zTGÅ-Gô - Å-wz-‚ÅºhÝG h-¼ïÅ-m-±-¯h-¤-Vôh-q¼-¤Û-ÁÛ-z-hï-¾-ZïÅ-q-wôG-GÛ-¼ïhh¤ü ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅ-hôm-hï-PÅ-zÁh-fÞz-ˆÛ-¤-¼ïh-Eïh-¼P-±ô-z®ômDP-GÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-¾-Ç+h-V-iÛÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü h-hÝP-hôm-GŸm-

40 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ŸÛG-iÛ-Mã¼-Ç¨m-qºÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-G®ô-zô-G-¼ï-¼ïh-h¤ü ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅºGm-ºFÛ-mÛ-mh-q¼-‚¤Å-BôP-PP-ÆôG-zBz-‚-Mã-¼ïh-¸ï¼-‚ãP-zÅP-±ôºÛ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-Íï¤-VÛÅ-‚¤Å-BôP-hP-ÆôG-zBz-‚ïh-MãºÛ-±zmh-q-ÇÀïzÅ-q-hP-D-ƒ¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-q-ÇÀïzÅ-‚ãP-ŸïÅ-zXôh-q-hPm-±-»ôh-ˆP-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zXôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-q-ºGm-ºFÛ-ºEï¼-»ôh-h¤ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅ-hPôÅ-GmÅ-hï-ºi-»Ûm-¤Ûm-¤Û-ÁïÅ-ˆP-hï-ºi-»Ûm-mºGm-ºFÛ-ºEï¼-»ôh-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-ü Íï¤-VÛºÛ-ºGm-ºFÛºEï¼-¤ïh-m-z®ôm-DP-mP-Íï¤-VÛ-»ôh-¤ïh-GP-¯ÛÅ-hGôÅ-Å¤ü »ôhq-¯ÛÅ-m-ºGm-ºFÛ-¤Û-ºEï¼-z¼-Ç¨m-q-ŸïÅ-zXôh-ˆÛ-¤-¼ïhü h-G¼ï-zÁh-Mã-»Ûm-zXôh-qÅü hGôPÅ-q-¤-º±ô¤Å-P-ºhÛ¼-GP-‚ãPzÁh-VôG-GÛ-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-z-hP-¾ô-;h-Tßh-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)ˆÛºGô-ºFÛh-M¾-¾GÅ-ˆÛÅ-ˆP-Çtïm-q-DôP-±ô¼-GP-‚ãP-iÛÅ-VôG-GÛ¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁhü GP-¿e ¼ -¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P -GÛ - ºhÅ-Aï m -¾Å-‚ã P -zºÛ - Pô - Lô ¾ Ç+zÅ-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-hôm-±m-n¤Å-z®ôm-DP-¾Å-‚ïh-qÅ-GTÛG-ˆP¾G-¾ïm-¤-zÇe¼-zºÛ-D¼-ºGm-ºFÛ-¯h-GTôh-‚ïh-Vïh-¤fô-¼Û¤-ºGôFÛh-‚¤Å-q-hP-±ï-¼ÛP-¼Ûm-Vïm-GZÛÅ-¾Å-hôm-¼Þ-DG-bà-z;ôh-OÛG‚Å-bï-Dô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-z®ôm-q-GŸm-¾Å-;¼-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-¤Û-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-

ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü

¸Þ ¼ -ºFÛ h -‚Å-bï - iÛ - ¯h-‚Åü Ç+ z Å-hï ¼ -ZÛ m -ŸÛ G -P-hP-„À ô - z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkôh-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-M¾-¤±m-VôÅ-ºwï¾-hP-ºW¤hq¾-Ç¨ôm-¾¤-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¤hÝm-ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ-h-¿eºÛ-¿ËG-q±ï-¼ÛP-GÛ-hôm-Aïm-hïºÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-Eïh-¼P-GÛÅ-‚Å-±ï-Eïh-¼P-¾ôGZÛ Å -Æô G -fô G -GÛ - Zï m -D-¾Å-zL¾-»ô h -qÅ-hô m -Aï m -hï º Û - ºGm-PGZÛÅ-¿e-zÞ-Eôh-¾Å-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-vh-m-GP-ºi-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁhü „Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-PÅ-¾Å-;-¤-z¯¤Å-GôP-zÅ¤-„Àô-zbP-ÇeïºV¼-GŸÛ-zbÛP-q-»Ûmü ºGô-PÅ-z¯¤Å-¤WâG-DÞPÅ-ºEô¾-z-¤ÛºhÝG-TïÅ-¤Û-GŸm-¾-¯ÛÅ-vôh-‚-Mã-PºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-ŸÛG-¤Ûm-¾-ZïÅºGm-TÛ - ºi-ŸÛ G -wô G -ˆP-G®ô - zô º Û - ºGm-ºFÛ - P-¼P-GÛ Å -ºEï ¼ -bï GmÅ-±ß¾-G-q¼-fÞG-ˆP-Eh-q¼-GP-»P-¤Û-ºhÝG-hï-¤Ûm-¼ôGÅ-qÅÞ-ÅÞ-»ôh-h¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-m-±P-¤Å-¤fôP-zÅ-PÅ-Ç~Å-Ç+Ý¤-‚ïh-fzÅ¤ïh-TïÅ-zXôh-ÅôP-ü hï-ÇSôm-¾ô-GTÛG-hP-¹-z-zMh-ˆÛ-GôP-Çeï-uÛ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 5 mP-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü hGº-¿k m -z=ÁÛ Å ü hô m -Iâ z ü Ç+ Ý - GÁï G Å-hqº-zô - ¤Û G -h¤¼-z=-ÁÛ Å -hP-¹-zzTÅ-ˆÛ-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-hôm-Aïm-GmÅ-±ß¾-‚ãP-mÅ-GŸm-n¤Å-¾-fGGTôh-‚Å-ˆP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¸Þ¼-hÝ-fG-GTôh-‚-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅzŸG-qÅ-fG-GTôh-G-¼ï-‚ïh-¤Ûm-±ôh-hqGÅ-fÞz-ˆÛ-¤ïh-¾-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-

42 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

»P-zB¼-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-GÛ-hôm-Aïm-HÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-G®ô-zô-»Ûm-qÅZïm-ºGm-ÁÛm-bà-¿YÛh-qô-Hã¼-qÅ-z®ôm-q-±P-¤ºÛ-Åï¤Å-mP-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-¾-Åï¤Å-F¾-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü PÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-¾-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GÅ¼-q-Çtï¾-hGôÅ-ºhÝG-m-P-¾-¾¤-Çeôm-‚ïh¼ôGÅ-P-z®ôm-zTßG-¾ô-±h-Eïh-¼P-¾Å-h¤º-z-»ôh-q-hP-¾ô-m-VßPzÅ-ZïÅ-lÝP-wôG-ˆP-¾ô-±h-G®P-mÅ-¤¼-JÀôh-XïÅ-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-‚Åm-iG-zBïh-zhï-»Û-¼ïhü Eïh-¼P-GÛÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GÅ¼-q-Çtï¾-mz®ôm-zTßG-¾ô-±h-¤fô-qô-»Ûm-q-hP-ZïÅ-lÝP-GÛÅ-mh-q-z¸ôÅ-±ïz®ôm-DP-mP-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-ˆÛ-V-Aïm-¤ïh-qÅ-h;º-P¾-Vïm-qô-ºyhPïÅ-»Ûmü ŸïÅ-Áôh-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-P-ZïÅ-ºGm-¿YÛhqô-z¸ôÅ-¸Ûm-qÅ-z®ôm-DP-mP-¾-M-¤ÛÅ-G-hÝÅ-GÅh-¤Ûm-¤Û-ÁïÅˆP-ºVÛ-Mã¼-I-OÛG-‚Å-mÅ-zÇkh-»ôhü ºôm-ˆP-¤-GÅh-z¼-zôh¤Û-¤P-¾-wm-fôGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;-ym-zÞ-¾Å-¤ïh-ˆP-‚ïïh-fÞz-m-¼PGÛ - h¤Û G Å-»Þ ¾ -hP-º±¤Å-q-ŸÛ G -»Û m ü Eï h -¼P-¾ô - ±h-ZÝ P -ZÝ P »Ûm-qÅ-z®ôm-DP-mP-Pô-Lô¾-¤-‚Å-q¼-uÛ-±ôGÅ-fôG-ÇS-®¤-hômXïÅ-zôh-hôm-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-m-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-»ÛÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-hï-¼PZÛh-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-„ÀôÅ-zbP-zºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àô¼-P-±ô-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Åï¤Å-ºDÞ¼‚Å-ˆP-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-±ß¼-¬-¤Û-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-hGº-BôºÛ-±ô¼-

ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü

z-»-¤-¸ÞP-ŸÛG-Bï-zTßG-GÛ-¼ïhü ¾Å-hô m -¼Þ - DG-GÛ Å -z®ô m -q-¼ï - ¼ï - zŸÛ m -¸Þ ¼ -ºFÛ h -‚Å-bï Ç+h-V-iÛÅ-ˆP-z®ôm-q-±P-¤Å-GTÛG-ºHã¼-¿e-zÞÅ-G®ô-zô-¤-ºôPÅVz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - GmÅ-zz-»¼-MÅ-GbP-hGô Å -Ÿï Å -Åô G Å-Ç+ h V-HôP-qô-Á-ÇeG-zÁh-hï-hôm-Aïm-hï-mô¼-ºFâ¾-»Ûm-q¼-DÅ-¾ïm-¤‚Å-ˆP-Ç‰ÛP-mh-zÅPÅ-zÅPÅ-¾Å-¼ï-ºhôh-n¤Å-zOæzÅ-fÞz-¤ïhü ¿ËG-q¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-ZïÅ-lÝP-GÛÅ-mhGTôPÅ-z¸ôÅ-±ß¾ü mh-q¼-Hã¼-mÅ-P-±ôÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh¾-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-zhG-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¼ï-Ç+Ý¾-‚Å-ˆP-Zm-ºWôG-bÛ¾ºƒâ-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-¤f¼-Ç+Ý-ÆôG-Áô¼-z-¼ïhü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-hï-ºi-ŸÛG¤-Çtï¾-m-¤-ºôP-q¼-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-Vßh-¸ôÅ-ºIô-MãGbm-ºDï¾-zÅ-PÅ-ºGô-ºFÛh-hï-Pô-Lô¾-HÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-z-»ÛmŸïÅ-DÅ-¾ïm-hôm-qÅ-¾Å-hôm-¼Þ-DG-GÛ-¾Å-;-ÇezÅ-zhï-qô-Hã¼-bïÇ+zÅ-hï¼-¤Û-ÅÞ-¾ºP-¾¤-ÅïP-fG-GTôh-‚Å-¤-ÅôP-»P-XïÅ-ÅÞ-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-bà-zB¾-hGôÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾-h-ïhP-ºƒï¾z-»ôhü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -z²Û m -¾ô - GZÛ Å -Æô G -fô G -Çe ï P -Zï Å -ºGm-¿Y Û h qô-GZÛÅ-zÅGÅ-»ôh-qÅ-¾¤-ÅïP-ÆôG-fôG-GbP-Mã-¾Å-ZïÅ-q-GŸm-

44 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ºGï ¾ -Mã - ¤ï h -ˆP-ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 ZÛ m -GTÛ G -¤fô ¼Û¤-¤Û-¤P-FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-¤Û-ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-Eïh-¼P¾-P-±ôÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-hïºÛ-¼ÛP-¼ï-z-GTÛG-‚Å-»ôh-hï-G-¼ï-¼ïh-h¤-Ÿï-mü Eïh-¼P-»G-qô-VGÅ-Mã-hï-¼ïhü P-±ôÅ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-‚ïh-hÝÅ-Eïh-¼P»G-qô-VGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïh-zÅ¤Å-qºÛ-»Ûh-VïÅ-ˆP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü P-±ôÅhï-¼ÛP-fG-GTôh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-Mã¼-Eïh-¼P-GÛ-ZïÅ-Vh-¾ô-GZÛÅÆôG-fôG-mÅ-±ï-z®ôm-¾-ZïÅ-»PÅ-zbP-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-@P-¿UGÅ-ˆPz=ô¾-z-¼ïhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-Ç+Ý-GÁïGÅ-hqº-zô-¤ÛG-h¤¼z=-ÁÛ Å -Åô G Å-ˆÛ - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -¿Ë G Å-q-mÅ-z¸Þ P -¾ô - GTÛ G -hP-¹-zzMh-hP-ZÛm-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-@P-¿UGÅ-zMz-q-hP-z®ôm-q-GŸm-¾-M¤ÛÅ-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-hï¼-GZïm-Zï-fÞG-VôG-ˆP-hÝÅ-»Þm-hïºÛ-¼ÛP„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-xÛ-¤Û-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-fÞG-zTßG-¤ïhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-¾ô-hï-»Û-¼ÛP-¤m¼-GTôh-ˆÛÅ-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-±h-¾Å-ºhÅ-q-¥PÅ»ôh-ˆP-JÀô-zÞ¼-z¸P-xôGÅ-ºHã¼-z-hïÅ-ÁïÅ-ºWôm-GZÛÅ-¿km-M¾GTïÅ-hqº-zô-hïºÛ-Ç+Ý-ÆôG-Zïm-DºÛ-G»P-Å-¾Å-Iô¾-z-hï-mÛ-Ç+zÅhïºÛ-ÇS-XïÅ-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-¼Ûm-qô-VïÅ-»ô-¼ôz-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝŸÛG-¾-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Zïm-D¼-GmÅ-»ôh-Ç+ô¼-¤²âz-Çeôm-GmPzÅ-º²¤-JÀÛP-ÇeïP-¤Û-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-¾-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÆôG-Zïm-¾-

ºVÛ - Mã ¼ -I-OÛ G -‚Å-mÅ-zÇk h -»ô h ü

GmÅ-q-hô - Ço P -‚ã P -z-hP-ü »P-GŸm-ŸÛ G -mÛ - M-mG-bà - GmÅzŸÝ G Å-Í-¼Û º Û - GŸÝ P -±z- (James Lilley) ºWï ¤ -ÅÛ - ¾ï - ¾Û - Xï Å -ÅÞ z®ôm-DP-mP-G¸ÛGÅ-Ç+ô¼-¾-wïzÅ-q-hï-hP-»P-ºƒï¾-z-»ôhü „Àôz¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾¤-Åï P -h¤¼-GÅô h -zbP-m-M¾-uÛ º Û - mP-hï º Û ¤Wâ G -ºƒÅ-TÛ - »ô P -¤Û - Áï Å -q-hP-ü ÇS ¼ -¸Þ ¼ -hÝ - fG-GTh-Mã - Ÿï Å Fô ¤ -zOGÅ-‚Å-qÅ-D-Bï P Å-PP-¾ô - ±h-zTG-q-hP-@P-¿U G Åz=ô¾-q-¼ïhüxÛ - mP-GÛ - Mã - Aï m -hï - hG-GÛ Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m zBzÅ-fÞz-q-‚ãP-z-hï-mÛ-Ç+zÅ-hï¼-z®ôm-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-»Ûh-¾-P¾-GÅôŸÛG-‚ãP-z-¤-¸h-¤f¼-GbàG-m-zôh-M¾-Dz-hP-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-zhïm-qºÛG¸Û-zXÛh-hP-M¾-DºP-»Ûmü

46 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

Í-¼ÛºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-±ôGÅ-q¼-zhï-ÇkÝG»Û-Gï-wÞ¾-zü hï-mÅ-ZÛm-D-ÁÅ-xÛm-¤±¤Å-ŸÛG-mÅ-P-±ôºÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP-DGbô ¼ -bï - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -±ô G Å-Vß P -hP-qô - hP-P-±ô G Å-Vß P GÅÞ¤-qºÛ-mP-zB¾-‚ãP-ü P-±ô-±ôGÅ-VßP-¤Û-ºi-»P-hGôP-iô-Z¾hÝÅ-¾Å-ZÛm-¤ô-¾Å-»Þ¾-GTÛG-»Ûmü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ŸôGÅq-ŸÛG-M-mG-bà-GmÅ-Çkôh-Í-¼ÛºÛ-GŸÝP-±z-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-(James Lilley) ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾ï - ¾Û - uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 6 ZÛ m -z®ô m -DP-mPG¸ÛGÅ-Ç+ô¼-¾-wïzÅ-ˆÛ-»ôh-±ß¾-M-Ç+h-Çkï-±m-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-mÅ-zÁhÅôP-¸ï¼ü hÝÅ-Mãm-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-Zm-m-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-¼ïh-ˆP-±P-¤ÅfzÅ-ÁïÅ-ˆÛÅ-GÅP-zºÛ-fôG-z®ôm-DP-mP-º‚ô¼-fzÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhq-hP-z®ôm-q-ÅÞ-¾-¼G-ˆP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-vh-hï-„Àô-z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -M-Ç+ h -zMã h -¾¤-DG-Zm-mÅ-G¾-Vï - ±P-¤-EzÇtï¾-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü PÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-DôP-wïzÅ-Gbm-»Ûm-m¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-

Í-¼Û º Û - Ç+ Ý - ±z-±ô G Å-q¼-zhï - Çk Ý G -»Û - Gï - wÞ ¾ -zü 47

qÅü Dô P -wï z Å-Mã ¼ -zM-V-zM-fG-Vô h -ºhÝ G h-hÝ P -„À ô - z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¯ïh-¤ôºÛ-n¤-qÅ-Eïh-ºV¼-GŸÛ-G-¼ï-»ôh-h¤-¸ï¼‚ãP-ü PÅ-h-z¼-ÁïÅ-¤-‚ãP-zÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-GP-»P-¤ïh-GTïm-qô¼ºV¼-GŸÛ-GP-»ôh-h¤-iÛÅ-qÅü GÅ¼-ºHã¼-hP-qô-fôÅ-q-mÅ-¾¤Åï P -IÔ - zŸÛ - z®ô m -DP-mP-GÛ - hPô Å -»ô h -GmÅ-±ß ¾ -hP-ü Vz-ÆÛ h z®ô m -q¼-M-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -z¿e - Çe P Åü h-»ô h -Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - ¿e z-hP-zÅ¤-±ß ¾ ü zô h -qºÛ - zÅ¤-„À ô º Û - ºEï ¼ -±ß ¾ -zTÅ-»Û - Gï - ºƒÛ zŸÛm-»ôh-ˆP-h-¿e-±¼-¤-ÅôP-¸ï¼ü ÅÞ º Û - ¤Û P -fô G -mÅ-ºzÞ ¾ -h¤-Ÿï Å -iÛ Å -qÅü hP-qô º Û - ºV¼GŸÛ¼-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-±P-¤ºÛ-Å-»ÛG-„ÀP-hGôÅ-zÅ¤Å-ˆP-¾Å;-¤-ºIâz-GôP-GÅP-z-xÛ-H¼-‚ãP-Zïm-dïm-Å-»ÛG-„ÀP-Mã-xÛ¼-ºfïm‚Å-bï-IÔ-zŸÛºÛ-z®ôm-q-»ôPÅ-mÅ-ŸïÅ-¤WâG-hï¼-ƒÛÅ-m-GP-ºiºhÝ G -Tï Å -iÛ Å -‚ã P -ü ºIÛ G -ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zÁh-q-»Û m ü G¾-ÆÛ h -»Û Gï-ºzÞ¾-fÞz-m-Pô-GÅô-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-q-±P-¤¼-ºfôz-Mã-hP-hï-M-¤ÛÅÁïÅ-±ô¼-‚ãP-m-z®ôm-q-GTÛG-GÛ-Å-»ÛG-ˆP-¤ïh-qÅ-ZïÅ-ºGm-±P¤-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-wôG-Mã-Gbm-ºDï¾-»P-‚Å-XïÅ-Pô-GÅô¼fôz-MãºÛ-¼ï-z-¤ïh-q¼-ZïÅ-ºGm-hP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-„Àô-ÇeôzÅ-hï¼-¼PZÛh-¾-Åï¤Å-ºDÞ¼-±h-¤ïh-fïzÅ-bï-Eïh-ˆÛÅ-h-z¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-;-

48 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

±P-¤¼-¼P-hôm-HÛ-iÛ-®¤-¤ïh-q-zôh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hP-M¾-Dz-Vïh-hÝ»ôh-±h-„ÀôÅ-GbP-‚Å-q-ºhÛ-¿ËG-P-¾-zÁh-Mã-¤ïh-fÞGÅ-Xï-Vï-ŸïÅzÁh-q-»Ûmü ÅP-ZÛm-hï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-»Û-Gï-DG-GZÛÅz¸ô - hGô Å -ˆÛ - ºhÝ G -¸ï ¼ ü PÅ-G-¼ï - ‚Å-mÅ-GZÛ Å -z¸ô - hGô Å -Å¤Ÿï Å -iÛ Å -qÅü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ- (James Lilley) ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾ï - ¾Û ¼ -ºzÞ ¾ MãºÛ-»Û-Gï-hï-M-¤ÛÅ-ºyôG-q-»Ûm-m-¤-hqï-GTÛG-P-±ô¼-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïh¸ï ¼ ü PÅ-zÁÝ - ¼ô G Å-‚-hGô Å -Å¤-Ÿï Å -iÛ Å -qÅü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m º²Ûm-HÛÅ-»Û-Gï-»¼-vh-¤¼-vh-‚Å-m-GÅP-hôm-H¼-Zïm-Vï-zÅ-PÅmP-hÝ-ƒÛ-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü G¸º-Çtïm-qºÛ-ŸôGÅ-q-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-n¤Å-¾-ÇS¼-zŸÛmzÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-ÇÀôz-GÅôºÛ-Vïh-±GÅ-q¼->ÀôG-Mã-vh-mÅ-ŸôGÅ-q-ÇÀôz-¢ôPhP-hGôP-iô-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁhü ZÛm-GÝP-»ô¾-®¤-ŸÛG¾-JÀô-zÞ¼-¼Þ-OÛG-zTßG-mÅ-ŸôGÅ-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ¼-¤-GmÅ-q-¾Å;¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-¸ï¼ü ¾Å-;¼-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-PÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô¾GÅ-ÅÞ-hï-¼ÛP-hôGÅ-q-GP-¤Û-ºhÝG-G¤-ŸïÅ-ŸÝÅ-qÅ-GP-»P-¤ÛºhÝG-GÅÞPÅü PÅ-hï-¼ÛP-ŸôGÅ-q-hGôP-iô-IôÅ-zÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-hGôÅŸïÅ-zÁh-ˆP-h-¿e-JÀô-zÞ¼-¾Å-;¼-zbP-z¼-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-»ôP-GÛ-¤ïhh¤-Ç‰ ¤ -Ÿï Å -ŸÝ Å -qÅü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-ˆÛ Å -w¾-Vï ¼ -ºi-qô - ‚ã P -ÇÀ ô z -IÔ -

Í-¼Û º Û - Ç+ Ý - ±z-±ô G Å-q¼-zhï - Çk Ý G -»Û - Gï - wÞ ¾ -zü 49

±ßGÅ-»ôh-¤ïh-ÇÀôz-IÔºÛ-¸Þ¼-hï¼-¤ÛG-¿eôÅ-ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-‚ãP-z-hï-¿e¼GÅÞPÅ-hGôÅ-hôm-mÛü m¤-Mãm-ÇÀôz-±m-±ßGÅ-ˆÛ-¤ïh-ˆP-z¿e-Ç+ô¼»ôP-Ç+zÅ-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-G®P-£-hP-º²Ûm-VÅ-zTÅ-I-OÛG-V-±P-z‚Å-bï-ÇÀôz-±m-º±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü ºôm-ˆP-hï-hÝÅ-PÅ-z¿e-Ç+zÅ-ÇÀôzIÔºÛ-mP-ÇÀôz-±m-º±ôGÅ-¤Û-ºhÝG P-±ô-;Ý-ÁÝ-JÀÛP-GºÛ-ŸÛP-¼ºÛmP-zTßG-ÅôP-»P-hï-ZÛm-P-±ô-Ç¨m-DP-¾-ºIô-VôG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Dï¾-HÛ»ô h -qÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Ç¨m-DP-¾-ºIô-hGôÅ-»ôh-TïÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-zMz-mÅ-xÛmbï - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅü Íô ¼ôP-Ç+¾-z¸P-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Ç¨m-DP-GÛ-DÞG-GTÛG-bà-Gz-mÅ-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-»Û-Gï-I-OÛG-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅˆÛÅ-h-¿eºÛ-»Û-Gï-PÅ-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-¾G-q¼-vh-ˆÛ-»Ûm-¾-vh-¤-fÞzm-P-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-¤Ûmü P-mÛ-BÛh-ÇkÝG-¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-G-¼ï-‚ãP»P-„ÀôÅ-zbP-±¼-z-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-zMz-mÅ-zÁh-qÅ-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Zïm-D-GP-»ôh-q-hï-hG-DôP-¾-ºIï¾-zÁh-zMzmÅ-P-¼P-GÛÅ-vh-Mã-ŸïÅ-zÁh-ˆP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅˆÛÅ-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-¤f¼-Bï¾-¤²h-Aïm-¤fº-¤¼-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzPIGÅ-¾-vh-mÅ-I-OÛG-‚Å-bï-ÇKÝG-»ôh-q-hP.ü

50 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-¤P-Vï - z-ŸÛ P -¼¼-zbP-ŸÛ P -mh-q-Èô ¼ -„À Lm-hP-ü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P -ü ¤-‚m-M-h¼-zTÅ-z®ô m DP-mP-zTß G z®ô m -DP-±P-¤-Çe ô P -q-»Û m -±ß ¾ -ÇK ô - ¿U G Å-zMzˆP-Èô¼-„À-Lm-hP-M-h¼-HÛÅ-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-z-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-q-ÁïÅ-mÅ-ÇKô¾-lôG-MG-ŸÝÅ-ˆÛm-zôh-¼P-z®m-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-Ç+h-MG-GÛ-»ôhü z¿e-Ç+ô¼-z-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-ÇÀïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-¾GÅ-fÞGºyh-‚ïh-zTßG-qÅ-xG-GbôP-Ç+zÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-ˆÛÅ-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-zºÛ-¾GmP-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hP-xÛ-M¾-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-z-hP-z®ôm-qºÛz¼-Ç+h-Nå¼-HÛÅ-ºEôG-zXôh-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-Ç+ô¼-ºDôh-qºÛ-»ÛG-VßP-ŸÛG„ÀâGÅ-bï-h‚Ûm-Ç+h-fôG-Eïh-¼P-±ô-zôh-hôm-fôG-Mz-Bô¼-GmP-z¼PÅ-Ç‰ÛP-fG-q-mÅ-fÞGÅ-Xï-Vï-GmP-ŸïÅ-ŸÝ-Mã-»Ûmü P-±ôºÛ-¿e-zhï - G-hÝ Å -»Û m -»P-zô h -¼P-z®m-z®ô m -¾ï m -hP-GŸÛ Å -‚ï Å -¤Z¤º²ô¤Å-»ôP-z-‚-Mã-¾Å-¤ïh-mü hôm-hï-¾-¤Þ-¤fÞh-Mz-Bô¼-GmP¼ôGÅ-HÛÅ-ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-q-¼ïhü Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-¾GÅ-h‚Ûm-Ç+h¤Eïm-HÛ-¤ïh-ˆP-hï-ÇSôm-ÅÞh-ÅÛºÛ-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛG-hP-¤W¾-ºyh-Ç+zÅÅÞh-ÅÛºÛ-¤Û-hïÅ-Åï¤Å-ºGÝ¾-fïzÅ-qºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-zÇem-HÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP¤WâG-hï¼-Ç+h-V-ŸÛG-zÁh-q-Ç+h-Nå¼-M-¤ô-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hïÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅG»Þ-¾ô¼-Eïh-¼P-ºhÛºÛ-mP->Àh-½‰ÛP-¤FïG-z¸ÞP-¤-‚Å-q¼-¿e-z-½‰ÛP-

Í-¼Û º Û - Ç+ Ý - ±z-±ô G Å-q¼-zhï - Çk Ý G -»Û - Gï - wÞ ¾ -zü 51

q-hô¼-mÅ-¿e-z-GÅ¼-q-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-HÛÅü GÝP-Fm-bP-GÛ-hzÞ-ºFÛhºôG-xÛm-qºÛ-XïÅ-Eïh-¼P-¾-HôP-¼G-GÛ-¤-¼ïh-hï¼-dïm-ºhÛºÛ-mPzNå¼-z;ôh-»G-qô-GbôP-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-Nå¼-z-¼ïhü Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ôÅÅÞh-ÅÛºÛ-¤ÛºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-¾-ŸÛz-mm-G¸ÛGÅ-qÅ-hï-ºi-¾z-ˆÛ-¤ïh-q±ôh-hqG-¤Eïm-mÅ-»¼-wïzÅ-XïÅ-Ç+h-Nå¼-HÛÅ-hï-ºi-zÁh-‚ãP»P-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-zºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-hP-Ç+h-V-GZÛÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅhP-ü ÇÀ h -¼P-ZÛ h -ˆÛ Å -Pô Å -mÅ-h‚Û m -Ç+ h -±Û G -D-ÁÅ-zÁh-fÞ z m-z¿e-Ç+ô¼-zÅ-P-±ôºÛ-zÅ¤-±ß¾-±ôh-hqGÅ-‚ïh-fÞz-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-GôPGÛ-h‚Ûm-Ç+h-hÝ¤-zÞ-hï-¢PÅ-bï-hï-ZÛm-Í-¼ÛºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ- (James Lilley) Wï ¤ -Åï - ¾ï - ¾Û - ¤W¾-Ç+ z Å-Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-ˆÛ Å -¾¤-Åï P -Ÿ¾-mÅGÅÞPÅ-q-¼ïhü Í-¼Û - z-Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾ï - ¾Û Û º Û - Ç+ h -zNå ¼ -Zï m -dô G -q-M¤ô-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-hP-¤W¾-ºyh-GmP-Ç+zÅ-ZïmdôG-qÅ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-mÅ-»ôhü JÀô-zÞ¼-Lm-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-fï-±ô¤Çtä-®¤-¤ïh-q-MãGÅ-»ôP-Çeï-º±P-GÅ-I¾-Çe¼-zÁGÅ-bïï-»Û-Gï-¼Û¾¼Û¾-z¸ôÅ-ÁÛP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾ÛºÛ-xG-mÅ-z¸ÞP-Çeï-zÀâGÅ-Ç+zÅÇ+Ý-ŸzÅ-ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾Û-TÛ-»Ûm-¤Û-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-JÀô-zÞ¼-HÛÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-hï¼ÈP-ÅP-qºÛ-n¤-qÅ-¼P-GÛ-xG-D-xï-mÅ-um-G¸ÛGÅ-Ç++zÅ-Ç+h-Nå¼-

52 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

HÛÅ-»Û-Gï-¾¤-ÅïP-ºyôG-Çeï-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-¾-vh-q-¼ïhü hï - Xï Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü Lm-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅDô-±ô-;Ý-ÁÝ-JÀÛP-DºÛ-¼Þ-DG-mP-»¼-ºFÛh-‚ãP-z-PÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-¾-GP-ºi-‚ãP-ÅôP-P¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅ-‚ãP-¼Û¤-hï-hG-ºIï¾zÁh-V-±P-zMz-‚ãP-ü ¤WâG-bà-P-±ôÅ-»Û-Gï-GŸm-hï-ºyôh-fzÅGÅP-ºV¼-ŸÛG-zHÛÅ-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-»Û-Gï-ºhÛ-D-ÇSômEïh-±ô¼-z®ôm-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ÆôG-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-vh-ˆP-Pô-±-¤ïh-qºÛÇ+h-Nå¼-HÛÅ-ºyôG-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-hï-hP-mP-hôm-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-ŸïÅ¤Vm-zÞ-ŸÛG-ƒÛÅ-bï-ºfz-IôGÅ-ŸÛG-GÛ-@P-¿Ë¤-¤fÛ¾-z;ôG-mÅ-hïºÛmP-»Û-Gï-„ÀâGÅ-bï-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾Û-wm-bm-(GÅô¾-¤Iôm-DP-)mPzŸÝGÅ-ºhÝG-q-¤Û-zMãh-PïÅ-vôh-‚Å-ºhÝG-(P-M-G¼-hÝ-ÇÀïzÅ-XïÅ-zhï-ÆâPiâ P -Vï - hPô Å -Iâ z -¾GÅ-ˆÛ Å -»Û - Gï - hï - ºi-ŸÛ G -º‚ô ¼ -»ô h -q-¼ï h -Tï Å -GÅÞ P Å-‚ã P -ü )

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -ÇS ô m -¤ºÛ - ¤Û - Pm-hï - ¤-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ ü 53

„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ¤Û-Pm-hï-¤-¼ïh-¸ï¼ü ºV¼-Tm-¾ô - ¿e ¼ -uÛ - ¹- 6 ±ï Å - 23 ZÛ m -¾ô - ;Å-Tß Å - (P¾Nå¼-DP-)hzÞ-z½‰ïÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Vïm-¾-h¤G-¤Û-hP-¾Å-‚ïh-±P-¤-º²ô¤ÅhGôÅ-q-¤-¸hü z®ôm-q-±P-¤-zÇkÝ-Ç+ôP-‚Å-bï-D-ÁÅ-GŸÅ-GbôPzTßG-q-hP-ü D-ÁÅ-ŸzÅ-ƒô-MG-zTßG-Çeï -¼P-ZÛh-¾-¤m¼-GTôhGbôP-±ß¾-HÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GÅ¼-hÝ-z®ßGÅ-qºÛ-¤Þm-mG-GÛ-ZÛm-¤ô¼Åï¤Å-mP-¥-Pm-PP-¼P-hzP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-xÛ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-fôG-mÅhGº-Çeôm-dïm-ºƒï¾-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü uÛ-¾ô- 1991 ¾ôºÛ-hÝÅ-Vïm-I-OÛG-‚-hGôÅ-qºÛ-Ç+h-V-Ez»ôP-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-hï-hP-zÇeàm-ƒG-¿Ë->Àâ-ÇKÝG-¹-z-P-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-¿kÛP-VºÛÇeïP-hôm-mÅ-M¾-h¼-ºx¼-Mã-hP-»ÛG-V-hI¤-MãºÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾zºÛ-GÅP-ºV¼-‚Å-mÅ-I-OÛG-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-M¾-h¼-z¸ô-±ß¾M-h¼-¾-fïPÅ-D-ÁÅ-ƒÛÅ-hGôÅ-‚ãP-ü M-h¼-zMãh-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-

54 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

º²Ûm-HÛÅ-GÅP-GmÅ-hï-fôÅ-bï-ZÛm-ŸÛG-P-GÅP-uôh-DÞG-ˆôG-¾ºFÛh-mÅ-Eïh-¼P-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-ŸÛG-Çtï¾-¯ÛÅ-»ôh-q-ºi-¼ïh-h¤-ŸïÅiÛ Å -‚ã P -ü ºV¼-GŸÛ - GP-»ô h -¤-GÅP-iP-qô ¼ -zXô h -qÅü P-¾¤-zÁh-q-GP-»Ûm-m¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-z-PÅ-h-z¼-Eïh-¼P-GÛÅ-¾ÅºGÝ¾-hÝ-¤ºÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-hï-zÅ¤-»Þ¾-¾Å-ºhÅ-qºÛ-h;º-P¾-È-TP¤P-qôô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-hP-ZïÅ-ºGm-»P-¿YÛh-qô¼-ÇÀïzÅ-»ôh-hï¼-dïm-¾ÅºGÝ¾-±P-¤-Eïh-¼P-hP-ºƒï¾-z-»ôh-q-z¸ôÅ-bï-dG-q¼-Eïh-¼PZïm-D¼-zB¾-m-ºIÛG-GÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¼P-GÛÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-¤±¤Å-zŸGmÅ-PG-hzP-wÞ¾-‚ãP-hP-P-GZÛÅ-¾-»P-ºV¼-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hï¼¼P-GÛÅ-¼ôGÅ-q-‚ïh-¼ôGÅü Çkï-hGï-MG-qÅ-¼P-¾-Mãm-mÅ-GbÛPmh-z¸ÞP-GÛ-»ôh-qÅ-hïºÛ-ZÛm-¤ô-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-»P-¤ïhqºÛ-fôG-Çkï-hGï-MG-q¼-JÀïP-¯ôh-TÛG-z¸ôÅ-bï-¾G-º²ÛP-‚ïh-hGôÅü Dô-q¼-M-¾Å-ˆÛÅ-ºGm-ŸÛG-vh-»ôh-qÅ-ÇkÝG-mh-¤-fïzÅ-q¼-±ß¼ŸÝ-Ç+zÅ-lÝP-lïG-GP-®¤-G¸ïh-fÞz-q-hGôÅü hï-XïÅ-z®ôm-q-±P¤Å-Çkï-hGï-MG-qÅ-¼P-Áïh-‚Å-bï-Mãm-mÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q¼-iPzhïm-¯-z-mÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤m¼-GTôh-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-¤Û-¼Þz-zMzÇeï-Çkï-hGï-MG-q-(¤ÛP-hPôÅ-¾-±ÛP-lô-Xï-¸ï¼-z-hP-BïÅ-»Þ¾-Çkï-hGï-mÅ-»Ûm-ŸÛP-ü hï-

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -ÇS ô m -¤ºÛ - ¤Û - Pm-hï - ¤-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ ü 55 ÇS ô m -Dô - q-Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -z®ô m -DP-GÛ - Zï m -dô G -q-»Û m -q-hP-hï º Û - Ç+ z Å-Dô - qÅ-Ç~ G -DP-mP-Mm¯ïh-ˆÛ-hôm-¾Å-¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-¤ï-¤hº-ºwïm-mÅ-zÅh-qÅ-±ï-z®ôm-HÛ-ZïÅ-Vh-ºôG-IÔ-zŸÛ¼-zB¾ü hï - hÝ Å -Dô - q-¾ô - m-¿S - zTß º Û - mP-Åô m -»ô h ü hÝ Å -Mã m -Dô - qÅ-Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - fô G -Çk P -¸Þ G -‚Å-

lÝPXïÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-fôG-ºIô-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü P-hP-ƒG-¿Ë->Àâ-ÇKÝG¹-zÅ-ÇkÛPÅ-VºÛ-ÇeïP-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-hôm-mÅ-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-hôm-Aïm-zÇÀPfzÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-q-hP-DôP-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hï¼-M-¤ÛÅ-VzÆÛh-ˆÛ-mG-ZïÅ-fôG-¾¤-ÅïP-¾G-q-ºVP-¤-fÞz-q-¿e-zÞ-z¸ôÅ-ºhÝGˆP-¤-ºôP-hïºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ¼-±ôh-hqGÅ-fÞz-fzÅ-h;º-zÅ-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-¾-Åï¤Å-F¾-TÛ-Vï-‚ãP-»P-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hï¼ºHã¼-z-GbôP-fzÅ-ƒ¾-zÅ-PÅ-GTïm-qô-Eïh-¼P-GÛÅ-¾Å-;-GPŸÛG-Çtï¾-»P-hGôÅ-q-Mã-¤±m-hP-wm-½ÀzÅ-Vïm-qô-»ôP-zºÛ-»ÛhVïÅ-»ôh-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-q-»Ûmü P-±ô Å -ºV¼-GŸÛ - ±P-¤-OÛ G -±¼-zºÛ - Xï Å -¾-ºƒÅ-Çt ä P ÅÇ+¾-z¸P-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-hï-Çtï¾-m-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-¤P-qô-ŸÛG¾-zlz-ÅÛG-ºyh-Mã-»Ûm-qÅ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-mm-bmzXôh-‚ãP-»P-ü P-±ô-±P-¤Å-Åï¤Å-fG-G®P-¤-zTh-hï-I-OÛG‚Å-q-»Ûm-¾-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-hïÅ-Dï-HôP-GZÛÅ-zÇkÝ¼-fÞz-ˆÛ-¼ïh-m-xÛ¼ºfïm-‚ïh-fzÅ-¤ïh-TïÅ-zÁhü ¤WâG-bà-Mã-Aïm-Ço-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-¾Å-

mÅ-¼P-ZÛh-GÝ-»PÅ-ºfôz-q¼-ºzh-z¯ôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-@P-ºiïm-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm- )

56 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

hôm-zOæz-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-GÁ¤-hÝ-zÁh-Mã-»Ûmü uÛ-¾ô- 1991 hGô P -¤ô - ŸÛ G -P-±ô - G¸Þ G Å-¤fô P -JÀ ô G -ºyÛ m -z¿e - zºÛ - Ç+ z Å-GÅ¼ºHã¼-mP-Í-¼Û-z-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ- (James Lilley) ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾Û-hP-¼PBôP-¿YôPÅ-ˆÛ-ºGô-FÛh-fÞG-ºyh-‚Å-mÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-ºWï¤-Åï-¾ï-¾ÛÛÅ„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-ºyôh-zÇeïm-GP-ºi-ºhÝG-TïÅ-iÛ-Ç+zÅ-¼P-BôP¿YôPÅ-ºGô-ºFÛh-ˆÛÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-zhï-qô-»Ûm-q-¤-¸hü hÇ+zÅ-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-¤Û-Pm-hï-¤-¼ïhü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûm-¾ô-GZÛÅ-XïÅ-h¤¼-GÅôh-GbP-Mã-hP-@P-¿UGÅ-zMz»ôh-ˆP-Dô-¼P-GÛÅ-ÇS¼-HÛ-mG-ZïÅ-¾-ºHôh-Åï¤Å-PP-zNå¼-z;ôh»G-qô - zbP-mÅ-=â P -Gô - GÝ P -FP-bP-¾-„À ô - Gbh-ˆÛ Å -z;º-zŸÛ m zOæz-qºÛ-¤Û-ŸÛG-VGÅ-»ôhü Dô-¼P-GÛÅ-‚Å-XïÅ-»G-qô-zŸG-qÅÆôG-fôG-GbP-Mã-xÛ¼-ºfïm-HÛÅ-ZïÅ-ºGm-±ï-z®ôm-hÝ-wz-»ôh-TïÅ¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-¾-Ç‰ôm-qºÛ-μâm-Gb¤-iÛ-Pm-iô-z-ŸÛG-‚Å-Åôü ühïP-Ç+zÅ„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Ç+ô¼-ºhÛ-G-xÛ-xôGÅ-¼P-hzP-M¾-Dz-bà-»PGô-ÁïÅ-ZÝP-z-GmÅ-±ß¾-hïºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-»Ûm-m-¾Å-GŸm-HÛ-Mã-¤±m¼Û-zôP-¼-»Û-Çtäm-¹¼-¤±ßPÅü P-±ôÅ-‚Å-q-Tm-HÛ-M¾-GTïÅ-hqºLôh-hïºÛ-z;º-iÛm-¤Gô-¼Þ¾-n-zÅ-¤-±ô¼-z-¿e-zÞ-¤Þ-¤fÞh-GmÅ-mm¤-ŸÛG-M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-

„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -ÇS ô m -¤ºÛ - ¤Û - Pm-hï - ¤-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ ü 57

¤f¼-fÞG-hï-ºIâz-q¼-fG-¤Û-¼ÛP-ü M-¤Û Å -Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ- (James Lilley) ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾ï - ¾Û ¼ -zTô Å -¤ºÛ ¤²â¤-¤hPÅ-hï-ºi-ŸÛG-zÇem-»ôh-ˆP-z®ôm-DP-mP-DôP-¾-»Û-GïwÞ¾-zºÛ-hôm-Aïm-±-±-ºÞ¼-ºÞ¼-PP-z®ôm-q-±ô¼-iÛ-¯h-‚Å-»ôh-¾¿ËG-q¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-GZÛÅ¾-fïPÅ-hÝ-¤¼-iÛ-¯h-‚Å-ºhÝG „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-»Û-GïPÅ-ƒÛÅ -q-hP-vôh-¤Dm-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-»Û m ü ºô m ˆP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-DôP-GÛÅ-»Û-GïºÛ-mP-hôm-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-¤ïh-¾-z®ôm-q-ÅÞ-ŸÛGGÛÅ-ˆP-hôm-Aïm-hïºÛ-Ç+ô¼-TÛ-»P-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-¤ïhü hïºÛ-mP-G-¼ï-ºDôh»ôh-¤ïh-Eïh-¼P-±ôºÛ-¾G-q¼-»ôh-qÅ-Ç+h-V-iÛ-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GŸÛ-¯¤ïhü P-±ôºÛ-zôh-ºhÛ-»P-º²¤-zÞ-JÀÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûm-qÅ-zôhˆÛ-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-º²¤-JÀÛP-¤Û-¤P-GÛÅ-ÁïÅ-hGôÅ-q-¼ïh-¾uÛ-±ôGÅ-GP-Å¼-zMãh-¾¤-DG-mÅ-GÅ¼-ºHã¼-Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïhqºP-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾-Gô-dôG-fÞz-Vïh-¼ïhü PºÛ-»Û-GïºÛ-mPhPôÅ-»ôh-¾Å-ºhÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-GTÛG-ºhÝG-m-P-¾-ZïÅ-ºGmfG-GTôh-TÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-zÅ¤Å-ˆP-Eïh-¼P-±ôºÛ-¾G-q¼»ôh-qÅ-¼ï-ºhôh-¿e¼-HÛÅü ŸïÅ-zÁh-q-hP-ü Lm-zÇem-q-hzPIGÅ-ˆÛÅ-»Û-Gï-PÅ-vh-q-Eïh-¼P-±ôÅ-¤ÛG-¤fôP-¾G-¸Ûm-‚ãP-zÅ-

58 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

GÅh-Gbà z -GP-‚ï h -ˆP-ºHô h -q-¤ï h ü P-»Û Û - ¾Þ Å -PG-»Û h -GÅÞ ¤ &GôP-Å-zÇem-º²Ûm-M-¤±ô¼-wÞ¾-¸Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-q-¼ïhü ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 9 ZÛ m -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅzÇem-q-hzP-IGÅ-GZÛÅ-;Ý-ÁÝ-JÀÛP-DºÛ-¾Å-Å-mÅ-ºFÛh-hï-P-±ôhGôP-iô-¾Å-¤±¤Å-zŸG-mÅ-¤¼-ºôP-hÝÅ-DôP-GZÛÅ-¤Þm-DP-ºhô¤GP-Iâ - zŸÛ ¼ -z®ô m -zTß G -‚Å-ºhÝ G hï ¼ -Z¾-VÅ-zB¾-z¼-ºIô Ç+zÅ-Z¾-VÅ-vh-¤Û-VôG-q-GôP-GÛ-z;º-¼ïh-TïÅ-z;G-‚ãP-z-Ç+ÝŸzÅ-G»Þ-¾ô-hP-ü zÇem-q-wÞ¾-‚ãP-ü P-¼P-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤-HÛÅ-ŸÝmm-ÍÞ-±ßGÅ-¤f¼-Bï¾-HÛÅ-¤fº-¤-hï-¾-Z¾-VÅ-GTÛG-GbP-Mã¼DÅ-¾ïm-‚ãP-z-ym-¾-Mz-Á-h¤¼-Tm-HÛ-ÆÛm-z¾-z¼-º±PÅ-¤¾VÅ-ÁÛG-»ôh-q-hï-vh-q-»Ûmü P-±ôÅ-ŸÝ-Ç+Ý¾-Çoï-¤P-‚Å-q-zMãh¾Å-‚ïh-q-¼ïÅ-ºGº-Á-±-Ç‰ÛP-Xï-¤-z¸ôh-q¼-D-¾G-¤P-®¤-GbôPfzÅ-‚Å-ˆP-P-±ô-ÆâP-¤Û-Í¤-fï¼-¸ï¼-zºÛ-ZïÅ-GÅôG-q-ŸÛG-»ôhq-hïÅ-ÁïÅ-qÅ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-GôP-¾-¾m-zB¾-mÅ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-ZÛm-GTÛG-¾D-¾G-ÆP-GP-¾Å-zbP-GÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-q-zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-Pm-EÛuP-ºi-z-hï¼-DôP-Fô-Gmôm-fzÅ-ƒ¾-z-BïÅ-bï-hI-¾m-ŸÛG-ºyôhq-‚ïh-Ç‰¤-‚ãP-ü

Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zB¾-zü 59

Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zB¾-zü ZÛ m -ŸÛ Û G -P-±ô - G¸Þ G Å-¤fô P -z½‰ m -ºyÛ m -¿e - Ç+ z Å-PÅ-Gô Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-zÅ¤Å-mÅ-wÞ¼-±ÛP-¾-GÅP-hôm-bôG-®¤-zÁh-¿eh-¤ô-±¼mÅ-¤¼-fôm-hÝÅ-¾¤-ÅïP-Í¤-fï¼-zºÛ-(¤ÛP-hPôÅ-„Àô-z¸P-¢Ûm-qº¤-Í-¤hô„À ô - z¸P-¸ï ¼ -ŸÛ P -ü M-G¼-lô - Xï - JÀ Û P -D¼-ÁP-hÝ - uÛ - ¾ô - 1970 ¾ô ¼ -Bï Å ü hï - Xï Å -ÁÛ G -mÅ-¤hP-¤Z¤-hÝ - lï - ¼-lô m -;-¾-¤m-Iï - =ºô - ¼Þ - GmÅ-Çt ô Å -‚Å-mÅ-¤-ÅÞ - ¼Û - zô h -EÛ ¤ -hP-ü ;-¾-¤mIï-=ºô-mï-¼ôºÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ¼-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-hP-ü z=-ÁÛÅ-ºEÛ¾-hGôm-q¼-VôÅ-ŸÝGÅ-‚Åü uÛ-¾ô- 1985 ¾ô ¼ -hÝ Å -hzP-GÛ - ¤Wâ G -®¤-¾-Í-DÞ - ºWÛ G Å-¤ï h -Tï Å -q-hP-„À - ƒP-ºW¤-h‚PÅ-Ÿï Å -q-hP¤Z¤-zô h -hÝ - Gbm-¾ô G -‚Å-mÅ-w-»Þ ¾ -Í-¤hô - ;m-¿Ë ô - DÞ ¾ ü zÅP-Vß - μô P -ü ¾Û - FÛ - Çk ï - q¼-zÇk h uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 12 mP-¿Ë - Å¼-»ô P -mÅ-ºFâ G -¸Û P -hP-@Ý - MG-GÛ - hô m -Aï m -¾Å-ÇS - xÛ ¼ -¾ô zhÝ m -¿Ë G -®¤-z®ô m -hÝ - zÇk h ü uÛ - ¾ô - 2000 ¹- 6 ±ï Å - 12 ZÛ m -»P-zB¼-M-G¼-hÝ º‚ô¼-mÅ-h-Ç+zÅ-lô-Xï-JÀÛP-D¼-ÁP-Mãh-±ôP-GZï¼-‚Å-mÅ-zÇkh-»ôh-Ç+hü Dô-q-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ômhÝ-Çkôh-¼ÛP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¾-M-GbÛP-zXïh-ˆÛÅ-M-h¤¼-HÛ-MãG-EÛ-GÅôm-q-ŸÛG-‚Å-mÅ-Vz-ÆÛhz®ô m -q¼-ÇK ô - GP-Å-mÅ-Gmô h -q-Bï ¾ -zºÛ - GbÛ - fÞ G -qºÛ - ¤Û - Pm-ŸÛ G -»Û m ü )Mz-bà - ¼Þ - OÛ G -

Çeï-P-±ôºÛ-¼Þ-DG-GÛ-z®ôm-DP-ÇKô-»¼-º²â¾-®¤-¾-@Ýz-hï¼-lôG-MGfÞG-®¤-ŸÝÅ-qÅ-Çkôh-±ßGÅ-hP-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü ym-HÛÅ-P-¾-ŸÝÅmÅ-h-hÝ P -G-¼ï - ¸ï ¼ -HÛ - »ô h -Tï Å -zÁh-qÅü ±ß ¼ -Eô h -È¤-q-Vï - z-

60 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

¾-PÅ-G-hÝÅ-ŸÝÅ-‚ãP-Eôh-¼P-GÛÅ-P-¾-ŸÝÅ-¤ïh-h¤-¸ï¼ü PÅ-ÍqºÛ-¼ô-ŸïÅ-W-h¤-hï-w¼-zŸG-DôºÛ-ƒP-DôG-mÅ-¾G-G»ôm-HÛÅ-z¸ÞP¾G-G»Å-ÅÞ-ºEï¼-zºÛ-¤ôG-hï-ÁÝGÅ-GP-»ôh-ˆÛÅ-DôºÛ-GhôP-q¼ŸÝÅü »P-zB¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-q-ŸÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-¾G-q-»P-qô¼-ÇeôP-G»ÞGHã¼-ÅôP-z-G-¼ï-»Ûm-Ç‰¤-z¿eÅ-qÅ-¤ôG-GôG-mÅ-¿UGÅ-¾ÞP-¾Å-¾Gq¼-zÇk h -¤Û - ºhÝ G -Í¤-fï ¼ -z¼-¤ô G -ºwô G -ÅºÛ - Ghô P -q-h¤¼-qô z¸ôÅ-q-¤-¸hü ¤ôG-¯Û-GhôP-q¼-ºGôÅ-mÅ-®Û¼-®Û¼-ŸïÅ-±ß¼-GôG»ôP-GÛ-ºhÝG Í¤-fï¼-zÅ-PÞ-PG-Vï-z¼-OôG-GÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-PÅ-Chï-mÅ-z¸ÞP-¤¼-¤mm-ZïÅ-lÝP-„Àô-»Ûh-±ÛÛ¤Å-q-ŸÛG-GbôP-Ç+zÅ-wÞ¼±ÛP-GÛÅ-z¼-¤ÛºÛ-±ß¾-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-Í¤-fï-¼Å-¿kï-¤ÛG-P-¾-ŸÝ-Ç+zÅfÞG-®¤-ºwôG-q¼-Ç‰h-ºhôGÅ-‚Å-bï-P-¾-¿kï-¤ÛG-ŸÝÅ-‚ãP-ŸïÅ-ZïÅlÝP-¤Z¤-¼Þz-ˆÛÅ-zbP-Ç+zÅ-Èô¼-„À-Lm-(¤±m-hPôÅ-¾-„Àô-z¸P-z¯ôm-ºIâÅŸÝ - ŸÛ P -ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1911 ¾ô ¼ -‚P-mG-Vß - μô P -hÝ - Ç+ Ý - ºFâ P Åü mG-Vß - μô P -Dô P Å-Á¼-¼ô P -qô hGô m -hP-ºƒÅ-Çt ä P Å-hGô m -hÝ - Vô Å -ŸÝ G Å-GmP-ü z®ô m -DP-mP-fï P Å-zŸÛ - º±ß h -TÛ P -ÇS - xÛ Eô m -Çk ô ¤ -¤Û - ¾ô - ÉÛ ¾ -qô - 22 ¼Û P -z®ô m -DP-hÝ - zŸÝ G Åü Dô P -mÛ - zô h -¤Û - ¤P-hP-M¾-Dz-Vï h Ç+ Ý - Æô G -ºhô ¼ -z¼-fï - ±ô ¤ -®¤-»P-¤ï h -qºÛ - zô h -M¾-Dz-ˆÛ - hqº-zô - ŸÛ G -hP-ü GZm-ºyP-GPºi-ŸÛ G -GÛ - Ç+ z Å-ÅÞ - »P-&M¾-¤Vô G -»z-ÆÅ-GZÛ Å -¾-¤±m-Ç¨ h -®¤-»P-¤Û - ŸÝ - zºÛ - hh-h¤G»ô - z-¤ï h -qºÛ - Vô Å -¾Þ G Å-q-ŸÛ G -ˆP-»Û m ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1999 ¾ô º Û - ¹-hP-qô º Û - mP-ºƒÅ-Çt ä P ÅhGô m -hÝ - Ç+ Ý - GÁï G Å- )fÞ G Å-M¾-Vï m -qô Å -wï z Å-mÅ-z®ô m -DP-GÛ - ÇK ô - zMz-

Çe ï - ¿e Å -Pm-Dô - ¾-z¸ô - ¿e - ŸÛ G -z¸ô - hGô Å -Ÿï Å -Zï Å -lÝ P -mm-qô - zbP-

z-¼ïhü z®ô m -q-GŸm-±P-¤-hGº-Ço P -Vï m -qô Å -¿e h -¤ô - z¿e Å -mÅzÇkh-q-¾Å-z¼-¤Û-‚ïh-¤Û-ÅÞ-GTÛG-¤Û-ºhÝG-ˆP-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-fÞz-zÇem±ï-¼ÛP-¾GÅ-wïzÅ-bï-hï-¼ÛP-hï-®¤-¼ïh-G»ÞGÅ-ŸôG-TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ‚ãP-z-¤±¤Å-zŸG-‚Å-q-»Ûmü h-hÝP-Eïh-¼P-GP-‚ïh-h¤-ŸïÅzXôh-qÅ-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-ºGô-ºFÛh-Ç+h-zbP-GÛ-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü GbôP-ÁôG-TïÅ-ÇKô-xï-z-»Ûmü hGôP-¤ô-DôÅ-q-ÅPÅ-=P-ÍÞh-(Vz-ÆÛhhô-h¤-q-)ºFÛh-mÅ-»ôP-Çeï-q-ÅPÅ-=P-ÍÞh-ˆÛÅ-z®ôm-q-ŸÛG-¾-hï-¼ÛPGmÅ-±ß¾-G-¼ï-‚ãP-ÅôP-¸ï¼-¤-fG-z®ôm-q-±P-¤-¼Þz-mÅ-q-ÅPÅ=P-ÍÞh-hˆÛ¾-¾-zTßG-ÅôP-zÅ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP-PP-z®ôm-DP-ºhÛ¼Ÿï h -Ço P -ºhÝ G -Tï Å -¾¤-Åï P -¾ô G z®ô m -q-±P-¤Å-ym-Zï m -D¼ÇÀïzÅ-q-ÁïÅ-qÅ-Åï¤Å-P¾-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-PÅ-ºHôh-Åï¤Å-GP»P-¤ïh-TïÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-I-OÛG-‚Å-bï-zÇkh-q-»Ûmü hï-mÅ-M-¤ÛÅ½‰ ô G -i-¿Ë G Å-Mã ¼ -hô G Å-¸ô m -HÛ Å -¤Û - ±P-¤-»¼-zTß G -Çe ï - Z¾-DPf¤Å-Th-ÇKô-zMz-mÅ-P-GTÛG-qÞ¼-ÁôG-¸ï¼-‚ãP-z-»ÛG-±P-mP-xÛmqÅ-hï-¼ÛP-GmÅ-±ß¾-HÛ-º‚ãP-Aïm-GP-¼ïh-h¤-ŸïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-ü ymHÛ Å -ÇS ô m -hÝ - ±ß ¼ -¾G-q-zˆG-qÅ-w¼-¾m-ºW¾-z-ŸÛ G -»Û m -Ÿï Å zÁhü DôÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-Vïh-GbÛP-mh-z¸ÞP-mÅ-P-¾-

62 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

ZïÅ-lÝP-zbP-‚ãP-ŸïÅ-zÁh-ºhÝG-q-ym-HÛÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm¾-Ÿïm-‚Å-mÅ-GbÛP-mh-z¸ÞP-zºÛ-hzP-V-P-¾-¤ïhü P-G¸ÞGÅ¤fô P -JÀ ô G -ºyÛ m -DP-mÅ-¤¼-hô m -qºÛ - Ç+ z Å-lô G -MG-ŸÝ Å -‚ã P -zºwôG-q-»Ûm-m¤-ŸÝÅ-q-»Ûm-¤-ÁïÅ-ˆP-G-¼ï-‚ïh-h¤-¸ï¼-hÝÅ-D-¾m¤-¤W¾-z¼-¾¤-ÅïP-¿kï-¤ÛG-lïG-q¼-»ôP-GÛ-ºhÝG-qÅ-MG-¼ïÅ-Áô¼ÅôP-ŸïÅ-zÁh-q-»Ûmü hï-mÅ-ZïÅ-lÝP-¤-zbP-z¼-¾ôG-MãGÅ-ŸïÅ¾z-‚ãP-zÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-TßP-»-¤±m-‚ãP-±ß¼-¾¤-±ï-¼ÛP-Dºô-=P(ºGm-º²Û m - )GÛ Å -Eï h -ˆÛ Å -‚ï h -zz-¾-z¿e Å -m-hï - ¼Û P -¤m¼-GTô h -TÛ G GbôP-hGôÅ-ˆP-Vô-¤Û-ºhÝG-Eôh-¼P-Å-V-G-q¼-ÇÀïzÅ-ˆP-ºhÛ-G¼dG-bà-ÇSôm-fôm-‚Å-q-zŸÛm-zHÛ-m-HôP-¾Å-Dï-z¸P-fôz-fzÅ-¤ïhqÅ-G¸z-G¸z-HÛ Å ü hï - ¤fº-¤ºÛ - fG-GTô h -¼ï h ü GŸm-zÁhMã-GP-»P-¤ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP.ü ¤fº-¤ºÛ-fG-GTôh-TïÅ-qºÛ-Ç+hV-hï¼-ZïÅ-Vh-TÛG-ºGï¾-Mã¼-hôôGÅ-q-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-BïÅ-‚ãP-¾-hï-¿eºÛPP-ZÛm-D-ÁÅ-ÅôP-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-Mãm-Gbm-;Ý-ÁÝ-JÀÛP-DºÛ-ŸÛP-¼¼-¾Å;-ZÛm-¾-V-zGôÅ-ˆÛÅ-±¼-hGôÅ-z;º-zbP-GÛ-»ôh-q-hï-»P-GbôP¤Dm-¤-‚ã P -ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1991 ¹- 4 ±ï Å - 27 ZÛ m -P-±ô - z®ô m -q±P-¤-;Ý-ÁÝ-JÀÛP-DºÛ-ŸÛP-¼ºÛ-¾Å-;-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÇKô-ÆâP-ZïmdôG-qÅ-»¼-¤¼-¤Û-GP-‚ãP-¯-z-mÅ-zbP-GÛ-¤Û-ºhÝG-ˆP-P-¤¼-

ºFÛh-hï-¼Þ-ºƒÛP-mP-º‚ô¼-hÝÅ-zÇem-q-wÞ¾-‚ãP-hP-ü M-h¼-hï¼Ç+ ô P -ºhÝ G -q-hP-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-hP-ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m GZÛÅ-ºhô¤-GP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-mÅ-±ß¼-ºFÛh-‚ãP-ü hï-mÅ-±PDÞP-mP-zTô¾-qºÛ-Hôm-GôÅ-ym-®¤-»ôh-q-n¤Å-¤¼-vh-q-hP-Z¾VÅ-zÇkÝ-GÅôG-zMG-zTßG-XïÅ-±P-¤-¾G-¿UGÅ-zMz-mÅ-ÇKô-ºI¤hï¼-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-VßP-VßP-ŸÛG-zŸG-ºhÝG-q-hï¼-„ÀâGÅ-bï-GÅP-»ÛzÅÛÛ-FâºÞ-z®ôm-DP-¾-ºFÛhü hï¼-º‚ô¼-Ç+zÅ-T-¾G-ÇSôG-zÁïï¼-‚ïhqºÛ-Ç+zÅ-PÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-¾ô-±h-Çt¼-Mã-¤Ûm-m¤-ŸïÅzXôh-qÅü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-M-h¤¼-Dô-qÅ-G-¼ï-»Ûm-»P‚ïh-ÆÛh-q-¼ïh-ºôm-ˆP-P-±ôÅ-h-z¼-‚Å-q-±P-¤-ºIÛG-»ôh-qÅzÅ¤-„Àô-zdm-qôºÛ-fôG-ºHôh-q-Çtä-®¤-‚ïh-hGôÅ-¤ïhü G¾-bï-ÅÛFâºÞ-mP-DP-q¼-GTÛG-qÞ-zTßG-±ï-¾Å-;-¤ïh-q¼-zŸG-GÛ-»ôh-qÅG¸ÞGÅ-qô-Vßh-¸ôÅ-¤-ºIô-zºÛ-Vïh-Ç+Ý-xG-ºzÞ¾-Mã-hP-¾ÞÅ-¯¾-¯ïhhGôÅü G¸ÞGÅ-qô¼-ºGÝ¾-zBôh-¤ïh-m-G¸ÞGÅ-qô-ºyôG-z½ÀGÅ-ºIôMã-»Ûm-qÅ-»Ûh-G¸z-HÛÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü P-±ô - GÅP-»Û z -ÅÛ - Fâ º Þ - ÇK ô - ¼ºÛ - mP-mÅ-¤Û - ¼ï - ¼ï - ºFÛ h -mÅzTßG-qÅ-¼P-ZÛh-Å-xôGÅ-G-q¼-zTßG-¤Ûm-»P-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û-ºhÝGqÅ-Zï-ºDô¼-¾-¤Û-»ôh-¼ïÅ-Ç+h-zMz-qÅ-»-¾m-vôh-¤Û-GTÛG-ˆP-

64 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

¤Û-ºhÝG hï-XïÅ-D-¾G-Bï¾-¤Û-º‚ô¼-‚ãP-z-Çe¼-q-ºhÛ¼-PºÛ-¼ôGÅq-ÅÞ-zTßG-ºhÝG-G¤-ŸïÅ-iÛÅ-qÅ-Eïh-¼P-GTÛG-qÞ-¼ïh-ºhÝG-TïÅzXôh-‚ãP-ÅP-ZÛm-ŸôGÅ-q-ÇS-qô-mÅ-»¼-¾PÅ-DP-q-G®P-¤-z¸ôÅmÅ-ŸôGÅ-¸Å-z¸º-¯ÛÅ-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-¤¼-ÁôG-TïÅ-ºFÛh-‚ãP-ü DôP±ô-P-zTßG-ÅºÛ-¤hÝm-HÛ-Çe¼-q-hï-mÅ-¤¼-ºFÛh-»ôP-Çeï-T-hPôÅ-±P¤-Á¼-½ÀâP-dGÅ-Tm-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-(½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-Vï-z-ŸÛG)ŸÛG-mP-„ÀâGÅ±¼-XïÅ-Çkï-hGï-MG-q-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-hïºÛ-mP-fôm-ÅôP-ü XïÅ-hï-¤-fGP¾-Nå¼-DP-GÛ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-ŸÛG-»ôP-mÅ-M¾-¾GÅ-hP-ü Pô-¤Û-ÁïÅqºÛ-hqôm-qô-ŸÛG-ºhÝG-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-ÆâP-h¤G-¿S-¼ï-hP-ü ±ï-¼ÛPDº-=P-(z®ôm-DP-hô-h¤-ºGm-º²Ûm-)¤-D-=P-ü bÛP-bÛP-(¤ÛP-Pm-¾-M-¤Û-qº;ôP-bàh-¸ï¼-)zTÅ-Eôm-¤Û-IPÅ-zTô-¿S-ºhÝG-q-hqôm-qô-hïÅ-P-±ô¼-Eïh±ô-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DP-¾-zÇkh-q-mÅ-h-¿e-z¼-hÝ-D-ƒ¾-HÛ-¿e-z-Dô-mºEï¼-bï-zNå¼-z;ôh-»G-qô-¤-‚Å-q¼-½‰ôG-i-ºi-¤Ûm-z¸ôÅ-bï-¤Û¤P-qôºÛ->Àh-q¼-Bôm-zbP-GÛ-ºhÝG-Mã-¤±m-hï-hG-GÛÅ-GôP-GÛ-z;ºGŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-Eïh-±ô-Dô¼-»ÞG-zXïÅ-mÅ-;ôP-qô-DÞ¾-»ôh-qºÛ-P-±ôºÛz®ôm-DP-ÍP-GZÛÅ-q-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-TïÅ-q-hï¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh‚ãP-ü hï-hÝÅ-P¾-Nå¼-DP-hzÞ-z½‰ïÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Vïm-ÇÀïz-Mã-»Ûm-qÅP-±ôºÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-zºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hï-»P-©ïG-©ïh-hÝ-Hã¼ü ¤Û-Åô-

Åô¼-¾G-¿UGÅ-zMz-mÅ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-VßP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-ºFÛh-hï-ÇeG¯ï-¸¤-Vïm-Iô¾-¤±¤Å-fP-Vïm-ŸÛG-ÇeïP-ÇSôm-zBôh-Á¼-½ÀâP-dGÅTm-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-ÇKÝG-zÇkh-ºhÝG-q-hïºÛ-Ç~äG-hï¼-P-±ô-±P-¤-¿UGÅˆÛÅ-¾G-q-wm-±ßm-£ï¾-bï-ºGÝ¾-zBôh-ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼-zMG-»Þ¾-¤ïh-qz¸ôÅü ¤WâG-hï¼-h¤G-¤ÛÅ-¤ï-¤hº-ºwïm-VôG-I-OÛG-ÍP-GÅ¼Ç~ï-¾ïm-‚Å-mÅ-ºFÛh-hï-Çtô-zô-v-¤ô-z¼-ZÛm-¤-GZÛÅ-hP-¤±m-GTÛGºGô¼-»P-¾¤-z¼-D-¾G-fïPÅ-GTÛG-hP-D-bôG-fïPÅ-GTÛG-¾Åvh-¤-‚ãP-ü P-±ô-Iôh-DôG-¿eôGÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-D-¾G-vôh-hP-ŸïÅ-zXôhÇ+zÅ-Eôh-¼P-±ô-zÅôh-m¤Å-Vïm-qô-¼ïh-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-z®ôm-q-hï-hG-¾D-bôG-®¤-»P-vh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-zXôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG v-©ôG-μôPmÅ-¤²ô-m-z®ôm-DP-¸ï¼-z-hï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-P-±ô-hP-qô-hï¼-zŸGMã-‚Å-ˆP-Mã-¤±m-TÛ-»Ûm-¤Û-ÁïÅ-q¼-¤²ô-m-mÅ-zzÅ-¤-zTßG-q¼¤Þ - ¤fÞ h -ºFÛ h ü ¤²ô - m-mÅ-Ç+ ¼ -¤-ÅÞ ¤ -Tß - ®¤-xÛ m -qºÛ - Å-Dh-ˆÛ VßºÛ-w¼-xôGÅ-hï¼-LÝ-±-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-¾ô-±h-h¤º-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅzTßG-»Þ¾-¾ô-Tºô-Åô-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)ŸïÅ-qºÛ-z®ôm-DP-ŸÛG-ºhÝG-q-hP-ü hï-mÅ-Ç+¼-¤-¿S-®¤-xÛm-XïÅ-ˆÛ-ºh¤-Vß-¸ï¼-zºÛ-Å-GmÅ-hï¼-»Pz®ô m -DP-ŸÛ G -ºhÝ G ºh¤-Vß - mÅ-»¼-xô G Å-¤Û - ¼Û P -zºÛ - Å-hï ¼ »P-z®ôm-DP-ŸÛG-ºhÝG-q-zTÅ-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-DÞ¾-z®ôm-DP-Eôm-zŸÛ-

66 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

»ôh-q-hP-h-¿e-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-q-ºh¤-Vß-z®ôm-DP-hP-¤²ô-mz®ô m -DP-¼ï h ü ºh¤-Vß - z®ô m -DP-hÝ - P-±ô - ±ï Å - 30 ZÛ m -º‚ô ¼ zÅ-¾ô-;Å-Tßh-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)ˆÛÅ-P-±ô-z®ôm-DP-hï¼-zŸG-Mã-hP-ºGôFÛh-Çkï-hGï-MG-q-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-zÁhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-P-GZÛÅ¤Z¤-hÝ-zŸG-‚ãP-zÅ-z=ïÅ-¿eôGÅ-hP-¾¤-P¾-zTÅ-ˆÛÅ-fP-VhqÅ-»Þ h -®¤-¿Ëôh -¾-zz-¼ïÅ-Z¾-VÅ-zÁÛG -mÅ-P¾-GÅô-¯ÛÅ -ˆPGhm-zbÛP-¾ôP-¤ïh-q-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ü Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-zÇemq-hzP-IGÅ-GZÛÅ-ºhô¤-GP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-hÝ-ºFÛh-¯ÛÅ-‚ïhq¼-PÅ-Lm-¾GÅü fÞ G Å-Xï Å -G¸Û G Åü P-±ô - ¿Ë - Å-mÅ-ºhÛ - z¼¾G-¿U G Å-zMz-Çe ï - ZÛ m -GZÛ Å -hP-¤±m-GTÛ G -¼Û P -D-bô G -fï P ÅGTÛG-¾Å-¤ïh-q¼-»ôP-qÅ-h;º-P¾-GP-»ôh-¤Eïm-GÅ¾-¼ïh-mü fÞGÅ-zÅ¤-zŸïÅ-mÅ-bôG-®¤-¼ÛP-P¾-GÅô-zMG-zTßG-¼ôGÅü hïºIÛG-GÛ-¤ïh-m-D-¾G-z¸º-zTßG-¼ôGÅ-¸ï¼-»P-M-¾Å-hïÅ-P-¾fzÅ-ÁïÅ-¤Û-ºhÝG-GôP-¼Û¤-HÛ-z;º-»ÛG-mP-hï-¿e¼-ºDôh-ºhÝG-TïÅfzÅ-Áï Å -¤ï h -qºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Xï º Û - n¤-q-ŸÛ G -Çe ô m -HÛ - ºhÝ G GP-¿e ¼ DôP-GZÛÅ-h;º-P¾-Vï-ŸÛP-Iôh-DôG-ÇeôP-q¼-ºhô¤-GP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤ÞmDP-mP-zTßG-Çeï-¿eô-VÅ-ZÛm-¼ï¼-ÆP-GTÛG-¾Å-vh-ˆÛ-¤ïh-qÅ-P±ôÅ-fzÅ-ÁïÅ-GP-»ôh-ˆÛÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-zbP-fÞz-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-hÝÅ-±ôh-

¤P-Vï-z-z=ïÅ-¿eôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-¥P-mÅ-zÇkh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¼ïhü ¾ô;Å-Tßh-(P¾-Nå¼-DP-)hzÞ-z½‰ïÅ-qºÛ-ZÛm-GZÛÅ-q-hï¼-Dô-GZÛÅ-ºhô¤GP-Iâ-zŸÛºÛ-¤Þm-DP-mÅ-JÀôh-ˆP-hï-mÅ-z¸ÞP-GZÛÅ-;ºÛ-¤ÛG-ÁïÅ¾-Bôm-Áô¼-Vïm-qô-‚ãP-Çeï-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-wô¼-q¼-»P-lôG-qÅ-μÛ-z-hP-ü ŸÝ-z-ÅôGÅ-fïPÅ-¤P-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG

68 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-Çtô-zô-v-©ôGz®ôm-DP-hÝ-Çkôh-Ç+zÅü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 5 ±ï Å - 14 ZÛ m iÛ-GbàG-‚Å-XïÅ-¤¼-¾¤-M-h¤G-GÛÅ-ÇeG-DÞP-hÝ-¤ï-¤hºÛ-¤WâGÁÛP-lïG-Aïm-¤ÛG-¯¼-Bôm-‚ãP-Çeï-ŸôGÅ-q-ºiïm-‚ïh-¤fôP-GÛ-¤ïhq-hP-iôh-G-¾ï¼-BïÅ-XïÅ-GÅ¾-hÝ-ºIô-»Û-»ôh-q-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-h-hÝP-¤ÛG¾-Bô m -Áô ¼ -Vï - ®¤-‚ã P -ºhÝ G Dô P -GZÛ Å -ˆÛ - ¤Û G -GÛ - GmÅ-Çe P ÅÈ-TP-Z¤-fG-q¼-Hã¼-»P-¾Þh-¤P-qô-zÁôÅ-qºÛ-±¾-ŸÛP-ÇeïP-lôÉâG-zOæG-qºÛ-¾Å-;¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-Aïm-¾Þh-ˆÛ-½ÀPÅ-qÅ-¤ÛG-¾-ÈTP-Gmôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-ÇkÝG-»ÞÅ-zÁh-»Þ¾-hP-ÇkÝG-»ÞÅ-zÁh-mÅzÅ¤-ÁïÅ-‚ïh-¤Û-ŸÛG-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-DôP-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-¾zÇ+ôÅ-¤ïhü P-±ô-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-hP-qô-º‚ô¼-Ç+zÅ-z®ômq-hP-¾Å-‚ïh-q-±P-¤Å-GŸm-hP-¤Û-ºi-z¼-hôGÅ-G¸ôm-‚ïh-qhP-Ç+h-V-Áôh-¤Dm-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-±P-¤-Ÿïh-ÇoP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-

hï-mÅ-¼Û¤-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-G®ôÅ-z®ôm-¼ôGÅ-n¤ÅˆÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-z¸P-zºÛ-uôh-q-hP-wÞGÅ-MP-¼ÛP-ŸÛP-½ÀzÅ-Vï-zºÛzÅ¤-„Àô-zTÅ-¾Å-z®ôm-q-®¤-¤Ûm-q¼-¾Å-‚ïh-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-»ÛhºGÝ¾-‚ïh-¤Û-‚ãP-mÅ-Ç+h-V-zÁh-hômü Eïh-±ô-IÔ-zŸÛ-z®ôm-DPmÅ-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-®¤-¾-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-mP-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-º±ôGÅ-mÅ¤Û-Pm-ºhÛ-hP-ºhÛ-‚-z-ÇÀïzÅ-ˆÛ-»ôh-qÅ-G¸z-G¸z-¤-‚Å-m-Dô±ôÅ-GÅh-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-hP-ü ¾Å-‚ïh-q¼-»P-Eïh-¼P-±ô-Ç+ô¼-G»ïP¾-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-ZïÅ-G¸ôm-¿Ëôh-¤ïh-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-ÅôP-zÅ-P-±ômÛ-Eïh-±ô-¤Û-ºE¤Å-¼ïh-zÅ¤Å-‚ãP-ŸïÅ-Ç‰ÛP-Gb¤-zÁh-¤Û-‚ãP-ü Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-mP-D-¾G-Bô-qô-hP-¾Å-;¼-h;º-P¾-»ôhq-zÁh-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-¤-¸hü Å-Vß-¤-ºyôh-qºÛ-h;º-P¾-HÛÅ-z®ômq-±P-¤-G¸ÞGÅ-qô-CP-Ç~ôÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-mP-mÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm¾-h;º-P¾-Vï-ÁôÅ-ºyh-ÅôP-»P-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-m-±-hP-Åï¤Å-¾-P¾-hÝzGP-ŸÛG-z¸ôÅ-ˆP-z®ôm-q-GŸm-¾-ÇÀôz-GÅô-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-vôh-MãÅôGÅ-Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-ÇS¼-zŸÛm-¤Þ-¤fÞh-Mãm-ºEôPÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-P-GZÛÅ-¾-¤Û-GŸm-¾-ºƒï¾-z-‚Å-¤Û-VôG>Àh-Bôm-GbôP-¤Dm-¼ïh-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü ¿ËG-q¼-»Ûm-=P-¤º-Dº=P-(z®ôm-DP-GÛ-hô-h¤-ºGm-º²Ûm-)¸ï¼-z-hïÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hIºÛ-

70 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

hÐPÅ-¤¼-z¸ÞP-mÅ-Mãm-hÝ-GbÛP-mh-z¸ÞP-GÛ-»ôh-¾-ZÛm-ŸÛG-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-¸Þ¼-¸ºÛ-±ÛG-GTÛG-¬Å-ÅôP-z¼-¤fº-¤¼-DôGZÛÅ-¯ôh-JÀïP-ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼-fÞG-Çeï-¯ôh-JÀïP-M¾-D-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm¾-fôz-mÅ-Dô-zÁh-Mã-¤ïh-q¼-Hã¼-Aïm-DôP-Fô-iG-qôÅ-zŸÛm-h¤¼qô¼-Hã¼ü Ç¨Ûm-¤-zÇkÝÅ-bï-Eïh-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô-»Ûm-qºÛ-„Àô-Áïh-z¸ÞPmÅ-P-¾-¤fôP-VßP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-ˆP-GP-»P-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤-¼ïh-P-±ô-=âPGôºÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô-fôm-qºÛ-¤Û-¤P-qô-»ôh-TïÅ-»Þm-®¤mÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-¤ô-fôm-q-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-ŸÛG-ºFÛh-mÅ-¾ô-MãÅ-hPFÛ¤Å-zTÅ-ˆÛ-fôG-Mãm-¼ÛP-¯ôh-ÅôP-»P-¤fº-¤¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-¾-»P-zB¼-M¾-D-fôzü hï-mÛ-fïPÅ-GTÛG-‚ãP-zºÛ-hqï-¤±ôm®¤-»Ûm-q-¾Å-Mãm-hÝ-M-hqôm-ÅÞ-»Ûm-»P-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾Bôm-zXôh-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¾m-mm-qô-zMz-AïmD-IGÅ-fzÅ-¤ïh-q-z¸ô-»Û-¼ïhü P-±ô-Çtô-zô-v-©ôG-z®ôm-hÝ-Çkôh¼ÛP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¾ÞP-DÞG-ºhÛºÛ-mP-hÝ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-ºi¤Ûm-Çtï¾-±ï-ºWâG-ºƒÅ-Pm-q-fôm-Mã-¾Å-¤ïh-qÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾Mã-¤Û-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-z-±P-¤Å-PôÅ-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GP»P-Çtï¾-¤ïhü ºôm-ˆP-P-±ôºÛ-hs¾-q¼-GÝP-Fm-bP-GÛÅ-mG-fÛGzMz-±¼-zÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-¤-Çtï¾-z-GTÛG-qÞÅ-zhï-BÛh-ˆÛ-ŸÛP-D¤Å-

¾-¼ô¾-fzÅ-¤ïh-q¼-h;º-fÞz-ˆÛ-¥-P¤-fP-Vïm-hÝ-Ç+zÅ-ºG¼-iGV¼-½ÀâP-º±ßz-hP-ü Ç+zÅ-ºG¼-fm-ZÛºÛ-±-GhÝP-GÛÅ-hzÞÅ-¸h¤fº-¤ïh-qºÛ-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-¥ôP-zŸÛm-»P-h;º-FÛ-Eh-zÅh-PP-wÞGÅ¼ï-¼P-hzP-GÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-¾-¼ï-zŸÛm-wm-±ßm-BÛh-ÇkÝG-¤Z¤-¥ôPGÛÅ-ÇoP-z-BÛh-qô-»ôP-fzÅ-G®ô-zô-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü uÛ-¾ô- 1992 ¹3 mP-PºÛ-z®ôm-Vh-¾ô-±h-G®P-GÛ-»ôh-ˆP-¼P-»Þ¾-¿Ë-¿km-xôGÅ¾-¤-zbP-z-P-hGÝºÛ-z®ôm-q-zŸÛm-¾Å-¤Û-‚Å-mÅ-zŸG-GÛ-»ôh-Ç+ô¼fôÅ-‚ãP-ü P-¼P-PôÅ-mÅ-h;º-P¾-hP-GhÝG-¯çz-Vï-zºÛ-z®ôm-DPmP-„Àô-Åï¤Å-GTÛG-¤fÞm-PP-»Þm-¼ÛP-GÁÛzÅ-qºÛ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-HÛÅ-G®ôÅ-IôGÅ-qô-n¤Å-zŸG-mÅ-º±ô-¾¤-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-Ç‰ïGºhôh-Gbm-mÅ-¤Û-ºhÝG-ˆP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-G®ôÅ-z®ôm¼ôGÅ-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Mã-¤±m-¿km-qºÛ-¯ôh-JÀïP-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qô-‚Å-q¼-dïmJÀôh-ºIô¾-GbP-Mã¼-fG-GTôh-‚Åü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ym¾-h-z¼-Eïh-¼P-z®ôm-DP-¾-º±ßh-hGôÅ-hôm-P-±ôºÛ-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-h;ºP¾-Vïh-¼ïh-mü ÇÀh-¤¼-hôm-mÅ-º±ô-fzÅ-GŸm-¾-¤Gô-¤-ºDô¼z¼-h-Ç+zÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hP-ü ¿ËG-q¼-Eïh-¼P-z®ôm-DPDG-¿S- (z®ôm-DP-DG-¿S-mÛü IÔ-zŸÛ-hP-ü ÍÞ-cÛ-bàhü GÅP-»Ûz-ÅÛ-FâºÞ-GÅ¼-½‰ÛP-ü Çtôzô - v-©ô G -GÛ - ºh¤-Vß - zTÅ-Åô ü )Mã Å -¤Pº-»ô h -qÅ-z®ô m -qºÛ - GmÅ-Çe P Åü

72 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

z®ôm-DP-hï-hG-ºIï¾-zÁh-zMG-Mã-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-M-G¼-hÝ-zBôhfÞ z -m-»G-qô - ºhÝ G M-G¼-hÝ - ÇÀ ï z Å-m-&BzÅ-¤Gô m -¼Û m -qô - Vï ¼ zôh-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-z®ôm-q-f¤Å-Th-GÅh-Gbàz-GP-‚ïh-ˆP-ÆôG-„ÀôÅzbP-»Û m -qÅ-P-±ô º Û - h;º-P¾-¾-hGô P Å-mÅ-GŸÝ P -GÛ - Vz-ÆÛ h ¾PÅ-xôGÅ-Vï-y-GP-»Ûm-»P-M-GŸÝP-¾-zÇeàm-¤DÅ-zNå¼-zTôÅGbm-mÅ-¤²h-¤Û-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-ŸÝ-zÇ+Ý¾-HÛÅ-ŸïÅ-zÁh-‚ãP-ü P-hPô Å -ÅÞ - JÀ ô h -ºIô ¾ -Gbô P -zºÛ - ZÛ m -P-±ô - ±P-¤-Åï ¤ Å-Bô qôºÛ-PP-wm-±ßm-HïÅ-¤W¾-ŸÝ-Ç+zÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ü zÇemq-wÞ ¾ -‚ã P -¾GÅü M-h¼ü zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-¾GÅ-zTÅ-±P¤-¤ÛG-Vß-yâ¤-yâ¤-GbôP-zŸÛm-ºhÝG-¾-ym-»P-Åï¤Å-Bô-z-±h-¤ïhˆÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-GTïm-qô-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-ü z®ômIô G Å-Eô h -n¤Å-hÝ Å -ºhÛ - mÅ-m¤-ŸÛ G -Pô - ¤W¾-fÞ z -z¤-Ç‰ ¤ -¼PhzP-¤ïh-q¼-¤ÛG-Vß-Áô¼-‚ãP-ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¤Gô-fôG-bà-ºhÝÅ-qºÛ¤fº-¤-ƒ¾-z-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-zTôÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-VôÅ-ZÛh-ˆÛBô-GhÝP-iG-qô-¿YÛh-ˆÛÅ-¿ËàP-zÅ-¾¤-z¼-hÝ-Dô-±ôºÛ-‚h-zŸÛm-»Ûh¾-¿ËP-¿ËP-im-zŸÛm-±ï-¾-z¼-Vh-¤-»ôP-z-hP-¤HôGÅ-¥ã¼-¤W¾zºÛ-Ç¨ôm-¾¤-ºhïzÅ-ˆÛm-zBôhü ¼P-»Þ¾-¿Ë-¿km-¾-ÇÀïzÅ-XïÅ-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-Í-¤-¾GÅ-hP-Çtäm-¤Vïh-±ô¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-

º²Ûm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ºIï¾-zÁh-zMz-Ç+zÅ-EÛ¤-±P-hï¼-BÛh-qôZÛÅ-¯ïG-¤ïh-q¼-ÇkÝG-qô-GÅÞ¤-¯ïG-TïÅ-qºÛ-hqï-¿e¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-HÛ-GTïm-qô-¿Ë-Å-MP-IGÅ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-q-ŸÛG-zôhhôm-Vz-ÆÛh-hôm-Aïm-¾Å-¾ô-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-¾ô-±h-z¸ôÅ-bï-FÛ-¸¤-z®ômDP-mP-zTßG-ºhÝG-ˆP-Gmh-hôm-hï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-¾-GÅPmÅ-zŸG-ºhÝG >À ô G -q-qô - n¤-q-±ô ü Gô P -hÝ - zXô h -q-hï - n¤Å-zhG-hP-„À ô z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-GZÛÅ-¤Z¤-GÁÛzÅ-mP-GÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-hG-»Ûm-ŸÛPh-mÛ-GÁ¤-hÝ-¤WâG-Çkô¤-fÞP-fÞP-ŸÛG-ŸÝÅ-mÅ-¼ï-ŸÛG-¤±¤Å-ºWôGŸÝ-»Û-»Ûmü z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-hï-mÛ-ym-HÛ-¤Û-±ïºÛ-mP-G¾ºGPÅ-Vï - z-ŸÛ G -¾-Pô Å -º²Û m -»ô h -¾-z®ô m -Iô ô G Å-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m º²Ûm-hP-¾ô-»Þm-GZÛÅ-hP-¹-z-GZÛÅ-GÁÛzÅ-Mã-‚ãP-z-hï-mÛ-hï-zÅˆP-zhG-GÛ-¤Û-±ï-hôm-hP-¿km-q¼-Hã¼ü GP-¾GÅ-Ÿï-mü ym-hP„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-GÁÛzÅ-¼ÛP-DôP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-uôh-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛG-Çeômz¸P-qôÅ-¼P-ZÛh-¾-zG-VGÅ-z¸P-qô-fïzÅ-‚ãP-¾-¼Ûm-fP-ƒ¾zºÛ-z;º-ÇÀôz-ˆÛÅ-¼P-ZÛh-¾-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-hÝ-¤-¤²h-ˆÛ-»ôhü Mã-¤±m-hï-hG-¾-dïm-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-GTïm-qô-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-z¯Û-z;Ý¼hP-m¤-Mãm-DôP-¾-GTïm-qô-ŸïÅ-ºzôh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¾-h-V-¤Û-»Þ¾-H¼-»P-

74 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

DôP-GÛ-z;º-ÇÀôz-n¤Å-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¤Û-±ïºÛ-mP-Z¤Å-ÅÞ-Çe¼-HÛ-»ôhü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-zôh-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-Vïh-¾Å-hôm-Vï-y-GP-ŸÛG-Çtï¾Ç+ z Å-ˆP-wÞ G Å-MP-¼Û P -ŸÛ P -‚-zºÛ - ¾ï G Å-Zï Å -¤Wâ G -¿k ô G -¾¤²PÅ-qü hÝ Å -Mã m -z®ô m -q-hP-¾Å-‚ï h -zTÅ-ÅÞ - ŸÛ G -»Û m -»PºiÛ Å -zhï - ŸÛ P -ü Ç‰ ô ¤ Å-Vß P -n¤Å-¾-‚¤Å-z¯ï - Vï - zü ¤fô - h¤mÅÞ-ŸÛG-¤hÝm-GÁÛÅ-;-ºHã¼-z-¤ïh-qü uôh-q-zG-»ôh-±ß¾-hP-¿kmŸÛP-h;º-fÞz-¾-z¸ôh-fÞz-qü GŸm-HÛ-h;º-z-hP-hÝ-¾ïm-qºÛ-Ç‰ÛPÇeôzÅ-Vï-zü ºGG-¯¼-fÞG-Ç+zÅ-¾ÞÅ-ÆôG-GbP-Mã¼-fï-±ô¤-hPºHô h -Åï ¤ Å-®¤-»P-¤ï h -qºÛ - zô h -M¾-Dz-hP-¤Û - ¤P-GÛ - ¤DÅ¤²PÅ-GZÛ Å -¿k m -HÛ - hqº-zô - Pô - Gmô P Å-¤Û - hGô Å -q-ŸÛ G -»Û m ü hz¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-z®ôm-hÝ-¾ô-zTô-¿S-hP-¹-z-zhÝm-zTßG-qhP-ym-hP-D-ƒ¾-mÅ-¾ô-Pô-zTß-GTÛG-ºhÅ-qÅ-hïºÛ-¼ÛP-DôP-GÛºyôh-zÇeïm-fh-P-¾-dG-q¼-Åï¤Å-P¾-»ôP-zŸÛm-ºhÝG-m¤-ŸÛG„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-GhÝG-¯çz-Ço-hGÝ-¿km-qºÛ-z®ôm-hôP-mÅ-GÅômqô¼-ºWÛG-dïm-ÇeïP-¼P-hzP-GÛ-¤Dº-½ÀâP-zQâz-Mã-ºôP-P¤ü

±ï-Ç¨ôm-JÀÛP-Çtïm-q-mÛ-uÛ-¾ô1970 ¾ô ¼ -¿Ë - ¿k m -hÝ - z®Åü Vß P -hÝ Å ÇÀ ô z -IÔ - hP-Í¼-¾Å-¾-zBô h ü uÛ - ¾ô 1987 ¹- 10 ±ï Å - 1 ZÛ m -hP-ü uÛ - ¾ô 1989 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 hP- 6ü 7 zTÅ-zÇe à h -¤¼-zô h -¼Pz®m-HÛ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-mP-ŸÝGÅ-qÅ-¹-z-hïºÛ-±ïÅ- 7 ¤±m-¤ô-º²Ûmz¸ÞP-‚Å-mÅ-¾ô-GÅÞ¤-¼ÛP-z®ôm-zTßG-‚Åü z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zŸÝGÅ¼ÛP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-zôh-hôm-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Ço-¤P-GÛGhôP-¤VôPÅ-q-¤²h-¥ôP-ŸÛP-z®m-‚ô¾-hÝ-º‚ô¼-zºÛ-mP-mÅ-„Àôz¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-hP-GÁÛzÅ-»Þm-¼ÛP-ÁôÅ-ˆÛ-ºfz-IôGÅ-ÁÛG-ˆP»Ûm-qÅ-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-ÁïÅ-uôh-GP-TÛ¼-MãÅ-¤Pº-Vï-®¤»ô h ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1992 ¹- 8 mP-BzÅ-zTô ¾ -hÝ - wï z Å-mÅ-h-¿e z¾-»Þ ¾ -hÝ - zŸÝ G Å-»ô h ü

76 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -GŸô m -mÝ - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü 77

¤Û-¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ-Çoï-ºiïm-GŸôm-mÝ-„Àô-z¸PzÇem-º²Ûmü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P -ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1987 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 16 GÛ - ¤Þ m -¼Þ z -®¤-¾ymM-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -º²Û m -z¸Þ P -z®ô m -zTß G -‚Å-bï - ¹-z-GZÛ Å -hP-ZÛ m ZÛ ÁÝ º Û - Xï Å -bï - uÛ - ¾ô - 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 ZÛ m -hGº-¿k m -hGô m HÛ - hGï - ºhÝ m -qÅ-hzÞ - FÛ h -M-Vï º Û - Åï ¼ -B-¤Û - ¤P-GÛ Å -M¾-Å-¿Ë Å¼-zô h -Eô m -»ô P Å-¾-G»ô - ºGÝ ¾ -fï z Å-qºÛ - Pô - Lô ¾ -Hï m -¾PÅ¤²h-Ç+ z Å-M-h¤G-»ô m -Éï - Ém-¾G-Zï Å -Áô ¼ -zºÛ - hô m -Aï m -¾Åzô h -¿Y ô P Å-ÇÀ ô z -IÐ Vï m -¤ô º Û - ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -TÛ G -M-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -º²Û m -z¸Þ P -‚Å-ºhÝ G -Tï Å -

fô Å -‚ã P -ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1989 ¹- 1 ±ï Å - 14 ZÛ m -HÛ - Ÿô G Å-q-Ç+ Ý ŸzÅ-G»Þ - ¾ô - ¹-z-±ï - ¼Û P -ü Çe ô h -¾Þ P -fÞ z -zÇe m -M¾-¤±mü ym-fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P -ü hGº-¿k m -hGô m -HÛ - Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-zTß - GZÛ Å zTÅ-½À P Å-ºDô ¼ -mP-¤Û - ¼ï ¼ -Zï m -dô G -q-GZÛ Å -¼ï Å -z¸Þ P -Çe ï Zï m -G¸ô m -¤ï - ¤hº-¼P-OÛ G -Zï m -dô G -qºÛ - ½À P Å-ºDô ¼ -ÇS - dÛ P Xï Å -Gmô m -hÝ - »ô P -mÅ-¿U G Å-qô - ¼Û º Û - ¿Ë ô - mÝ z -bà - »ô h -qºÛ - iG-VÅZï m -dô G -hqÞ P -Çk ï º Û - uÛ - Ez-h¤G-ÇK ¼ -HÛ - ±ô G Å-DP-GÛ - ÇK ô - ºI¤hÝ - ½À P Å-ºDô ¼ -Tß P -D-z;G-Xï Å -LÝ - ±-mÅ-Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-DÁÅ-FÛ h -ºhÝ G -q-Eô m -¤Û - IPÅ-ZÛ - ÁÝ - Ç+ ô ¼ -¾-hÝ Å -GTÛ G -iG-VÅZï m -dô G -hqÞ P -Çk ï º Û - ±ô G Å-DP-mP-FÛ ¤ Å-GTô h -‚ï h -q¼ºFÛ h ü- hï º Û - ZÛ m -¤ô - ±ô G Å-DP-Vï m -qô º Û - mP-¤Û - Çe ô P -yG-D-ÁÅÇÀ ï z Å-ºhÝ G -TÛ P -P-±ô - ±P-¤-Çk Û P Å-VºÛ - Çe ï P -D-¤¼-ÇÀ ô G -zTß G mÅ-h¤G-¤Û - GZÛ Å -¼ï Å -¤Û - ¼ï º Û - ¾G-q-Mz-bà - z¸Þ P -mÅ-FÛ ¤ Åz®ß G Å-‚Å-bï ¾G-q¼-¿U G Å-zMzü hï º Û - ZÛ m -FÛ ¤ Å-zOGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ - mP-„À ô z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - ¾ô - Mã Å -¤hô ¼ -zÇk Ý Å -Pô - vô h -hP-‚Å-Zï Å zIPÅ-bï - ¾ô - GZÛ Å -Xï Å -h¤¼-GÅô h -GbP-Mã º Û - fG-GTô h -‚ÅÅô P -z-FÛ ¤ Å-fG-zTh-qºÛ - mP-Zï Å -ºGm-¿Y Û h -Áô Å -¼ï h ü M-

78 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -iG-¯ç z -ˆÛ ²-iG-hP-Ÿï - GbÛ P -mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾-ºDô m -º²Û m -HÛ Å Pm-¬Å-¼Û ¤ -q¼-‚Å-Åô P -»P-hï ¼ -ºDô h -M-Vï º Û - ¤Û - ¤P-n¤Å-¾„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Ç+ ô ¼ -hô - Ço P -ÁÝ G Å-Vï - ‚ã P -Åô P -¾-ym-¾»P-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -GŸÛ - mÅ-Pô - ºyô h -‚ã P -ü M-h¤¼-HÛ iG-¯ç z -ºô G -Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-n¤Å-ˆÛ - »-P-zºÛ - GmÅ-Çe P Å-¾hï ¼ -º±ô G Å-¤Û - ¤P-n¤Å-¤Û G -Vß - yâ ¤ -yâ ¤ -Gbô P -zŸÛ m -ºhÝ G -qwm-±ß m -±P-¤-»Û h -Bô - z-hP-M-Vï º Û ¤Û - ¤P-mÅ-Åï ¤ Å-ºDÞ ¼ -hï - ¿e - zÞ - ‚ï h -q-¤fô P -Ç+ z Å-Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åºwï ¾ -z-ŸÛ G -ˆP-‚ã P -ü FÛ ¤ Å-fG-zTh-±¼-mÅ-P-±ô - GÅP-»Û z -ÅÛ - Fâ º Þ - z®ô m DP¾-zB¾-z-hP-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -Åô G Å-LÝ - ®¼-ºFÛ h -TÛ P -ÅÛ Û Fâ º Þ - mÅ-ZÛ m -zTß - ®¤-Xï Å -Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-G»Þ - ¾ô - ¹-z-±ï - ¼Û P -hP-ymIÔ - zŸÛ ¼ -Çt ô - zTß G -Çe ï - z®ô m -DP-½‰ Û P -Gô G -ŸÛ G -mP-P-GZÛ Å GTÛ G -qÞ ¼ -zŸG-q-hP-ZÛ m -D-ÁÅ-mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hPzÅô h -m¤Å-hzP-ºhÝ Å - (Tô G -ÁÝ P -bÛ ¼ - )Åô G Å-¤Û - IPÅ-zTß - GTÛ G IÔ - zŸÛ ¼ -Çt ô Å -mÅ-hGô P -¤ô -

¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -GŸô m -mÝ - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü 79

GZÛ Å -®¤-P-±ô - ¼-Ç+ ô ¼ -GTÛ G -mP-¤Z¤-º²ô ¤ Å-‚ã P -ü hÝ Å GTÛ G -JÀ ô - zÞ ¼ -P-±ô - Z¾-VÅ-zÇk Ý Å -zTß G -mÅ-¼Þ - DG-zGô - zÁºzMz-Çe ï - P-¼Þ - DG-zŸÛ - q-hP-ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü Ç+ Ý ŸzÅ-G»Þ - ¾ô ü zÅô h -m¤Å-hzP-ºhÝ Å ü zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅü hGº-¿k m -z=ÁÛ Å -zTÅ-¼Þ - DG-hP-qô ¼ -Zï Å -hô m -Zï Å -GÅô G -q-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ zŸG hï - Xï Å -ˆÛ - Ç+ z Å-ÁÛ G -JÀ ô - zÞ ¼ -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü hGº-¿k m -z=-ÁÛ Å -GZÛ Å -z®ô m -DP-mÅ-@P-¾G-GZÛ Å -¾-¿U G ÅzMzü Ghô P -¾-¼Å-z;z-Çe ï - ºFÛ h -Åô P -Ÿï Å -fô Å ü ºFÛ h -hGô Å hô m -Zm-ŸÛ z -‚ï h -hÝ Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -ºGô - ºFÛ h -hï Zï Å -hô m -Zï Å -GÅô G -q-¹-z-hP-ü ¤Û G -h¤¼-z=-ÁÛ Å ü hô m -Iâ z GÅÞ ¤ -hP-Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-hGº-¿k m -z=-ÁÛ Å -zTÅ-¤Û - ¿S Å OÛ G -º²â G Å-ÁÛ G -z®ß G Å-mÅ-Zï Å -hô m -Zï Å GÅô G -q-GÅÞ ¤ -ƒô Å -Mã º Û - ºV¼-GŸÛ - zbÛ P -q-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ ü hÝÅ-±ôh-GP-®¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-DôP-±ô-JÀôh-hï-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²ÛmhP-z=-ÁÛ Å -GZÛ Å -@P-¿U G Å-zMz-mÅ-¼Þ - DG-hP-qô º Û - mP-ÇS ¼ zŸÛm-zŸG-q-hP-ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-¼Þ-DG-¿S-q-z®ßGÅ-XïÅ-¼Þ-DG-¿S-qºÛmP-P-±ô-¤Z¤-hÝ-‚ãP-zÅ-hï-mÅ-z¸ÞP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛ-Åï¤Å-

80 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

Mãh-V-±P-¾ôm-‚ãP-ü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-@P-¿UGÅ-zMz-»ôhˆP-ZÛm-GÝP-¾Å-;¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-q-hP-¾Å-;¼-P¾-hÝz-WÛ-¿e¼-Vï»P-¼P-ZÛh-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-ŸÛG-»Ûm-q¼-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-uÛ¼-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-hP¿ËG-q¼-Ç+zÅ-hï¼-P-±ôºÛ-Z¾-DP-mP-¤P-Vï-z-VôÅ-‚ïh-¼z-‚ãPq-»Ûm-qÅ-DôP-mÅ-mP-VôÅ-hP-VôÅ-º‚ãP-GÅm-Mã¼-È-TP-vô-z¤²h-ˆÛ - ºhÝ G Ÿô G Å-q-ŸÛ G -JÀ ô - zÞ ¼ -hï - ¼Û P -FÛ ¤ Å-zOGÅ-ˆÛ ±ôGÅ-Vïm-»ôh-TïÅ-zXôh-‚ãP-z-±P-¤-ºWÛGÅ-»ï-z¼-„Àô-z¸P-zÇemº²Ûm-h¤¼-zÅh-GbP-Mã-¼ïh-zÅ¤Å-bï-D-ÁÅ-ˆÛ-DôP-¾-Åï¤Å-GÅôzbP-z-hP-ü D-ÁÅ-ˆÛÅ-‚Ûm-dïm-vh-hï-±P-¤-hPPÅ-º±z-PPGmÅ-ˆP-„Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-º±z-Çtä-®¤-¤ïh-qºÛ-fôGÇ+h-G¸ïPÅ-¤fôm-qôÅ-PÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-mÛ-zôh-M¾-Dz-hP-¤Û¤P-GÛ-Vïh-»Ûm-Aïm-PºÛ-±ï-¾-Aïm-Pm-‚ãP-»P-P-¾-Åï¤Å-F¾-GP»P-¤Û-ºhÝG-qÅ-Eïh-n¤Å-fÞGÅ-F¾-Gbm-mÅ-¤²h-¤Û-hGôÅ-ŸïÅÅï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qôºÛ-fôG-Åï¤Å-¿Ëôh-¿Ëôh-ˆÛÅ-h-hÝP-P-±ô¼-vô-zBï - hGô Å -qºÛ - z;º-¤ô ¾ -zXô h -‚ã P -ü hï - mÅ-FÛ ¤ Å-¼-±ô G Å-mÅ-hGº-¿k m -z=-ÁÛ Å -¾ô - hGÝ Çt ¼ -zhP-ü ¤Û G -h¤¼-z=-ÁÛ Å -hP-ü ¹-z-¾¤-Åï P -Æô G -fô G -GÛ -

¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -GŸô m -mÝ - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü 81

FÛ ¤ Å-Vhü ¼P-ºDÞ ¼ -Pô Å -¾ï m -ŸÝ - ¤Dm-hô m -Iâ z -»Û m -qÅ-Zï Å ¤ï h -VG»P-zbP-ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾ô - GZÛ Å -Æô G -fô G -»Û m -qÅhï º Û - Çe ï P -hô m -Aï m -‚ã P -m-¾¤-Åï P -Æô G -fô G -GbP-GÛ - »ô h -ˆP¸Þ ¼ -hÝ - fG-GTô h -‚ï h -ˆÛ - »Û m -Ÿï Å -zÁhü »P-hï º Û - Xï Å -uÛ - ¾ô 1990 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 14 ¤±m-¤ô - Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-m-GŸô m ¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P -ºhÅ-Aï m -¾Å-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾-@P-¿U G Å»ô h -zŸÛ m -»P-Dô P -GÛ Å -yï h -h¼DG-GZÛ Å -Çe ï P -»Û - Gï - ƒÛ Å -q-hP-Dô P -±ô - ¤Û - zŸÛ Å -yï h -h¼-ºx¼mÅ-ºGô - ºFÛ h -hï - Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-¿Ë G -q-±ï - ¼Û P -ºhÅ-qºÛ - Aï m ¯h-GTô h -hP-ü ¤-ºô P Å-Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - GmÅ-zz-»¼-MÅGbP-hGô Å -Ÿï Å -Pô - Lô ¾ -M-Vï ¼ -‚Åü hï - mÅ-ZÛ m -ŸÛ G -Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -qºÛ - ¼Þ - DG-h=â G Å-mÅP-±ôLm-Lô m -n¤Å-hP-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¼Þ - DG-hP-qô º Û - mPzŸG-‚ã P -z-mÅ-¤Û - ¼Û P -z¼-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾-¾ô - GTÛ G hP-¹-z-zMh-hP-ZÛ m -GZÛ Å -¼Û P -zMz-qºÛ - @P-¿U G Å-z=ô ¾ -zhP-¾ô - GZÛ Å -Æô G -fô G -

82 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

mÅ-Zï Å -ºGm-wz-Çe ï - ±ï - z®ô m -z¸ô Å -ºhÝ G -q-hï º Û - hGô P -¤ô - P-±ô Çe z Å-zhï º Û - W-¤P¼-z¸ô Å -mÅ-È-TP-GÛ - »G-qô - ‚ã P -Ÿï Å -„À ô z¸P-zÇe m º²Û m -¾-º±¤Å-ºiÛ - ¤±ô m -q¼-‚Åü hï - ¤Wâ G -M-mG-bà - GmÅÇk ô h -Í-¼Û º Û - GŸÝ P -±z-ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾Û - ¾ï - (James Lilley) z¿e - Ç+ ô ¼ ¾-wï z Å-ˆÛ - »ô h -Ç+ ô ¼ -fô Å -q-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅG»Þ - ¾ô - ¼Û m -qô - Vï Å -z®ô m -qºÛ - zhï - Çk Ý G -ºDô h -qºÛ - »Û - Gï - ¼ï - ¼ï vh-Mã - ‚Å-ºhÝ G hï º Û - Ÿô G Å-q-mÅ-¼Þ - DG-G®P-¤-z¸ô zTß G -q-hP-z¿e - Ç+ ô ¼ -z¼-¤Gô - Ç+ ô ¼ -Gbô P -Vï h -fz-±P-mP-ÇS ¼ ¤ï h -qºÛ - Á-hP-¸-¼Û G Å-ºi-¤Û m -OÛ G -bï - z®ô m -qºÛ - º±ô - z-»G-qô »ô h -qºÛ - Vô - z¸ô - zÇe m ü xÛ - iô - Vz-ÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-w¾-Vï - z-;Ý - ÁÝ JÀ Û P -GºÛ - ŸÛ P -¼¼-¾Å-;-‚ï h -q¼-ºFÛ h -q-hP-P-hP-Èô ¼ -„À - Lmmh-q-»Û m -q-hP-M-h¼-¤-Vï m -»Û m -qÅ-¼Þ - DG-mP-DPq¼-ÇK ô - ¿U G Å-zMz-mÅ-zTß G -Çe ï - Ç+ h -zMG-¤Û - Vô G -Tï Å -zXô h ‚ã P »P-z¿e - Ç+ ô ¼ -z-ÇÀ ô z -IÔ - ¤Û G -Çe ô m -‚ï h -q¼-ºFÛ h -mÅ-ÇÀ ô z -IÔ º Û ¸Þ ¼ -hï ¼ -ÇÀ ï z Å-q-M-h¼-HÛ Å -ÇK ô º Û - GÅï P -mÅ-¤fô P -zÅ-Èô ¼ -„À Lm-hP-M-h¼-HÛ Å -ÇK ô - ¾-lô G -MG-ŸÝ - ŸÛ P -zô h -¼P-z®m-»Û m -

¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -GŸô m -mÝ - „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m ü 83

Ÿï Å -Ç+ h -ºzô h -‚Åü Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-G»Þ - ¾ô - ¹-z-±ï - ¼Û P -hP-„À ô - z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -»Û - Gï - vh-Mã - zHÛ Å -q-vh-fÞ z -»ô h -h¤-¤ï h Ç‰ ¤ -mÅ-Åï ¤ Å-G»ï P -TÛ - Vï ¼ -GmÅ-¤Þ ¼ -GP-®¤-ŸÛ G -mÅ-¾Å‚ï h -q-ŸÛ G -GÛ Å -Fô m -qºÛ - D¼-»Û - Gï - ŸÛ G ->À ô G -GÛ - ºhÝ G -q-ÇK ï º Þ DÞ P -mÅ-¤fô P -zÅ-h-»G-¤-Åô P -»Û - Gï - ºyô G -ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zÁh-q»Û m ü Dô - ±ô - hGô P -¤ô - ¾Å-Å-mÅ-Z¾-DP-hÝ - º‚ô ¼ -bï - zÁh-hô m „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-GZÛ Å -±¾-ŸÛ P -mÅÇ¨ m -DP-¾-Gbô P -¼ô G Å-Ÿï Å -z¿e - Ç+ ô ¼ -z-ÇK Ý G -Çk ô h -qºÛ - Ç+ z Å-Í¼Û º Û - GŸÝ P -±z-Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-ºWï ¤ -Åï - ¾Û - ¾ï - ¤Vô G -GÛ Å -Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-G»Þ ¾ô - ¼Û m -qô - Vï º Û - Ç+ Ý - q¼-ºEï ¼ -mÅ-ºW¾-ºyh-ŸÝ - hGô Å -»ô h -Tï Å zÁh-hï - Dô P -ºW¾-ºyh-ŸÝ - Ç+ z Å-zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-ˆÛ Å -„À ô z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -ƒÛ Å -qºÛ - »Û - Gï - hï - Í-¼Û º Û - GŸÝ P -±z-ºWï ¤ Åï - ¾Û - ¾ï ¼ -¾G-bà - vh-q-Ç+ h -Nå ¼ -M-¤ô - ŸÛ G -»ô h -q-hï Å -ºyô G -Çe ï ¾Å-‚ï h -q¼-vh-Åô P -¸ï ¼ ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾ô - GZÛ Å -Æô G fô G -GÛ - Çe ï P -hï - hÝ Å -hô m -Aï m -GÅÞ ¤ -q-»Û m -q-hP-ü »Û - Gï - ƒÛ Å qºÛ - Zï Å -ºGm-G»ô ¾ -fzÅ-¤ï h -hÝ Å -P-±ô - ±P-¤ºÛ - Åï ¤ Å-º±zVï - Áô Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾-»Û m -»P-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m HÛ Å -Ÿï h -Ço P -¯-z-mÅ-¤ï h -q-Zï Å -ºGm-±P-¤-GŸm-ÅÞ - GTÛ G -¾-

84 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

h=Û - fzÅ-¤ï h -q¼-P-¼P-GÛ Å -ºEï ¼ -Mã - »Û m -Ÿï Å -ÍÞ - ±ß G Å-¤fºmm-‚ï h -q-hP-ü zÇe m -q-hzP-IGÅ-ˆÛ Å -PºÛ - ¾Þ Å -PG-»Û h GÅÞ ¤ -&M¾-z-zÇe m -º²Û m -M-¤±ô ¼ -wÞ ¾ -¸Û m -qÅ-PÅ-»Û - Gï - Áï Å ˆÛ - ¤ï h -Aï m -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾-ƒÛ - ¼ô G Å-zÁh-q-»Û m -Ÿï Å M-¾Å-¾-zXô h -Mã - »Û m -¸ï ¼ ü P-±ô º Û - ±ô G Å-Vß P -GÛ - ¤Û - zTß - GZÛ Å Pô Å -mÅ-wm-Iô G Å-GŸm-‚-fzÅ-¤ï h -qÅ-»Û - Gï - hï º Û - Ç+ ô ¼ -Áï Å ˆÛ - »ô h -ˆP-Áï Å -ˆÛ - ¤ï h -Tï Å -¬-Mã - zHÛ Å ü xÛ - ZÛ m -HÛ - Ÿô G Å-q-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -hP-ü zÇe m -qhzP-IGÅ-GZÛ Å -¤Þ m -DP-Iâ - zŸÛ º Û - ºhô ¤ -GP-mP-zTß G -mÅh¤-iG-‚Å-bï - ZÛ m -zTô - zMh-®¤-mÅ-Dô P -GZÛ Å -hP-ü Mh¼ü zÇe m -q-wÞ ¾ -‚ã P -ü Çt ï m -q-zTÅ-½À P Å-ºDô ¼ -mP-;ô P -qô DÞ ¾ -HÛ - z®ô m -DP-¾-zB¾-q-hï - mÅ-P-±ô - fÞ G -ºyh-¤-‚ã P -»PhÝ Å -±ô h -GP-®¤-Åô P -zºÛ - Xï Å -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ Å -IÔ - zŸÛ z®ô m -DP-GÛ - z®ô m -q-±P-¤ºÛ - ¤Û P -fô G -Çt ô - zô - v-©ô G -mÅ-GÅPzºÛ - »Û - Gï - ŸÛ G -zbP-ºhÝ G -q-hï º Û - mP-ºDô h ü Eï h -n¤Å-ˆÛ Å ¤Eï m -¤Pº-¿e ¼ -Dô - zô - ¾ô - GZÛ Å -Æô G -fô G -mÅ-±ï - z®ô m -hÝ - Zï Å Vh-VG-»P-zbP-z-hP-»P-h-Ç+ z Å-¾ô - ±h-zTô - zMh-hÝ - Zï Å »P-zbP-Åô P -»P-xÛ - ¼ô ¾ -hÝ - M-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -¤Û - zhï m -μâ m -OÛ G -

Ez-zOGÅ-TÛ - ‚ï h -Pï Å -GÅ¾-¤ï h -ˆP-GÝ Å -q-mÛ - ÇS ¼ -HÛ - „À ô - z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -Ÿï Å -qºÛ - ¤Û - hï - ¾Å-ºHã ¼ -z-¯-z-mÅ-¤ï h -qÅ-Eï h n¤Å-fÞ G Å-G»ï P -Ç+ h -TÛ G -ˆP-GmP-¤Û - hGô Å -Ÿï ï Å -ƒÛ Å -ºhÝ G M-GŸÝ P -GÛ Å -GÅ¼-Áô G -Çe ï P -„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¾ô - m-Vß P -ŸÛ P ÇÀ ô z -¢ô P -»G-qô »ô h -q-hP-ü Nå ¼ -z;ô h -»G-qô - ‚ï h -ˆÛ - »ô h -±ß ¾ -z;ô h -»ô h -q-hï „À ô z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - fô Å -q-»Û m -m¤-Ç‰ ¤ ü M-¾Å-ˆÛ Å -VzÆÛ h -z®ô m -q-mP-DÞ ¾ -ºwÞ P -h=â G -z¸ô - Vï h -zMã h -¾¤-DG-mÅEz-zOGÅ-hï - ¿e ¼ -‚Å-ˆP-z®ô m -q-ÅÞ - GTÛ G -GÛ Å -ˆP-„À ô - z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -ÇS ¼ -HÛ - h¤-zTº-¼Û - hzP-¿e - zÞ - hï - ¾Å-m¤-»PºHã ¼ -z-ºIô - zºÛ - hô G Å-q-®¤-»P-¤ï h ü ym-hP-GÁÛ z -¼Û P -„À ô z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -mÛ ü zz-z½À Û P -zdm-GÅÞ ¤ -¿k m -ŸÛ P -hÝ Å -±ô h m¤-‚ã P -ÇÀ ô z -¢ô P -¾-hô m -GZï ¼ -¿Ë ô h -¤ï h -¤²h-qü Vz-ÆÛ h -¿e - z¸z-TÛ P -zô h -M¾-Dz-Vï m -qô - hP-¤Û - ¤P-GÛ - Vï h -Æô G -„À ô Å -Gbô P ‚-z¼-fï - ±ô ¤ -®¤-»P-¤Û - ¤²h-qºÛ - wÞ ¾ -‚ã P -GÛ - m-GŸô m -hqº-zô P-±ô - Lm-¼zÅ-n¤Å-ˆP-¤Û - ¼zÅ-GÅ¼-qºÛ - Ço ï - ºiï m -ºhÛ - ¿e zÞ º ô - Ç‰ ¤ -Çe ï - zÇe ô h -qºÛ - ¤ï - bô G -hzP-¤ï h -hÝ - ºfô ¼ -hGô Å -q-ŸÛ G -

86 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

»ô h -hô ü ü ¤Wâ G -bà ü h-z¼-Mã - ¤±m-TÛ - »Û m -¤Û - Áï Å -ˆP-„À ô - z¸PzÇe m -º²Û m -HÛ - Ç+ ô ¼ -xÛ - ¼ô ¾ -¼P-hzP-¾Þ P -q¼-IGÅ-q-È-TPVß P -zÅ-z®m-‚ô ¾ -zô h -GŸÝ P -hP-ü º²¤-JÀ Û P -Çe ï P -iP-zhï m -¾hGº-zºÛ - M¾-Dz-hP-ü ±ô G Å-q-¤Û - ÇK ï ¼ -zTÅ-ˆÛ Å -Dô P -¥ã ¼ -hÝ Bô z -qºÛ - ¼ï - ºhÝ m -ŸÝ »Û - »ô h ü

Ç+ Ý - ŸzÅ-fÞ z -zÇe m -±ï - ¼Û P -¾GÅ-mÛ ü uÛ - ¾ô 1926 ¾ô ¼ -¿Ë - ÅºÛ - ‚P-xô G Å-ºh¤-hzÞ - ¤-fP-hÝ Ç+ Ý - ºFâ P Åü hGÝP-¾ô-zhÝm-mÅ-Åï¼-‚ïÅ-IÔ-±P-hÝVôÅ-ŸÝGÅ-¤²hhï - Vô Å -¤²h-ˆÛ - Gbô P -ÇK ô - hP-m¼-Åô m -mÅ-¼Û ¤ -qÅ-IÔ - ±P-GÛ xG¤²ô h -¾ô - GÅÞ ¤ -GmP-ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1959 ¾ô ¼ -M-h¤G-hP-h¤Gºfz-hÝ - ¤-¤²h-qÅ-ºwm-qô - ¿Ë à m -Iâ z -μô P -hÝ - º²Û m -z¸Þ P -‚Å-

P-±ô º Û - º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-z¸P-qô ü

bï - ¹-z-GTÛ G -¿Ë G -®¤-hï - G¼-z;G-Z¼-‚Å-ˆP-h¤G-ºfz¤²h-q-Ÿ¾-zŸï Å ¤-zHÛ Å -qÅ-w-»Þ ¾ -ºh¤-GŸÝ P -hÝ - wï z Å-Mã - ‚ã P -ü uÛ-¾ô- 1962 ¾ôºÛ-hGÝm-D¼-z®m-‚ô¾-hÝ-wïzÅ-MãºÛ-ºhÝmqÅ-ƒôÅ-‚ô¾-wïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-¾¤-z¼-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚Å-bïü ÇS-xÛºÛ-hômAïm-±P-¤¼-¯h-ŸÛz-ˆÛÅ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-¾ô-zhÝm-zTßG-q-hP-¾ô-zTßzŸÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hzP-V-ºyôG uÛ-¾ô- 1979 ¾ô¼-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-ZïÅ-ŸÐ-wÞh-ˆP-P¾-¯ô¾-Nå¼z;ô h -¼-z¼-uÛ - ¾ô - 1987 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 16 z¼-zŸÝ G Å-hGô Å ‚ã P -ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1987 ¹- 12 ±ï Å - 16 ZÛ m -xÛ - M¾-z¼-zô h -ˆÛ GmÅ-ÇePÅ-GÅÞPÅ-q¼-D-ƒ¾-qºÛ-ZïÅ-ŸÐ-z;¾-mÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-G»Þ¾ô-¹-z-±ï-¼ÛP-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚Å-mÅ-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-¾ô-iâGhP-ÆÛ h -hzP-¾ô - zMh-ºyô G z®ô m -DP-hÝ - ÇS - xÛ - Çk ô ¤ -¤Û - ¾ô - ÉÛ ¾ qô - 13 zŸÝ G Å-hGô Å -‚ã P -»ô h ü uÛ - ¾ô - 1997 ¹- 11 mP-BzÅ-zTô ¾ -hÝ - wï z Å-q-hPhïP-Ç+zÅ-Ç+Ý-ŸzÅ-DôP-zôh-ˆÛ-hGÝ-zTß-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-±ôGÅ-qºÛmP-n¤-h;¼-hGï-zºÛ-‚-z¼-z¯ôm-zŸÛm-vô-zŸÝGÅ-GmP-»ôhü

88 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

P-±ô º Û - º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-z¸P-qô ü

P-±ôºÛ-º²Ûm-IÔºÛ-Lm-zhG-z¸P-qôü GPÅ-¿Ë-¤ôü uÛ - ¾ô - 1987 ¾ô º Û - ¹- 9 q¼-Å-DÞ ¾ -DG-GÛ - ÇÀ ô z -¤n¤ÅÇÀ ô z -IÔ - Vï - ¤ô - z¼-Hã ¼ -zºÛ - Dï P Å-iï G Å-hP-zTÅ-hÝ Å -GTÛ G -bà zô h -¿Y ô P Å-ÇÀ ô z -IÔ - Vï m -¤ô º Û - M¾-ÇK ô º Û - mP-º²â ¾ -z-mÅ-¤Wâ G ºƒÅ-z¸P-qô Å -zô h -»Û G -¯ô ¤ -¼Û G -º²Û m -IÔ º Û - ÇÀ ô z -¤-ŸÛ G -bà Hã ¼ -qÅ-hGº-vô hqG-¤ï h -hÝ - Bï Å ü º‚ô ¼ -fô - z;ô h -qºÛ - ZÛ m -hï ¼ -ÇÀ ô z -¤-¤P-Vï - zG¸Þ G Å-ˆÛ - Hô m -VÅ-Bô - ¾-D-Z¤Å-Ÿm-qºÛ - Iô P -GÅï z -yâ - GÝ º Û n¤-q-¤Pô m -GÅ¾-hô h -ˆP-hï º Û - hzÞ Å -G¸Þ G Å-±h-¼m-TÛ P G®P-£-hô h -¾-D¤Å-GÁÛ Å -hÐ P Å-zü hï P -¼zÅ-ˆÛ - Hô m -Gô Å -V±P-vÅ-qºÛ - GŸô m -mÝ - ŸÛ G -h¤Û G Å-zÅ¾-fô m -ºhÝ G -q-Dô P -mÛ - ¿Ë Å-Iô P -Eï ¼ -HÛ - yâ - GÝ - ŸÛ G -»Û m -q-Áï Å -‚ã P -ü º‚ô ¼ -fô - z;ô h -mÅ-ZÛ m -GZÛ Å -Xï Å -P-±ô - hPô Å -ÅÞ - ÇÀ ô z -

ŸÝ G ÅˆÛ - hÝ Å -»Û m -qÅ-ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -ÅÞ ¤ -Tß - ¿Ë G -fô G -¯ï G -zŸÛ - fô G -ÇK ô - ÍP401 HÛ - º²Û m -IÔ º Û - mP-º²â ¾ -zÅ-Lm-¿Ë - ¤ô - ¾GÅ-ˆÛ Å -ÇÀ ô z -IÔ º Û OÛ G -Æô ¾ -DG-Pô - vô h -hP-ü º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m º²Û m -¾GÅ»Û m -Ÿï Å -GÅÞ P Åü ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -±ô Å -P-±ô - zh¤Å-¤-zTß G -q-GP»Û m -m¤ü „À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¸ï ¼ -z-ÅÞ - ¼ï h -h¤ü Ÿï Å -ÁÝ z zÞ º Û - Ç+ h -ˆÛ Å -Iô Å -¤ô ¾ -‚ï h -Ç+ z Å-Lm-¾GÅ-ˆÛ Å -¾¤-Åï P -Eï h ±ô - ±P-¤-xô G Å-¤fº-mÅ-»ô P -q-Á-Çe G -»Û m -qÅ-Eï h -±ô º Û - ¾ô Mã Å -GÅ¾-qô - ÇÀ ô z -IÔ Å -Áï Å -ˆÛ - ¤ï h -hï ¼ -dï m -hGï - Lm-n¤Å-Iô Å ¤ô ¾ -fô G -ÇS ¼ -¤fô - ºƒÛ P -ÇÀ ô z -IÔ º Û - Iâ z -ºƒÅ-¤Wâ G -Çk ô ¤ -¾G¸Û G Å-mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-‚-Mã ¼ fG-zTh-»ô h ü Dô P -Eï h -±ô º Û - mP-ÇÀ ô z -fô m Mã G -ºƒÅ-¤fô - Áô Å -»Û m -¾-;Ý m -uô h -z¸P-zÅ-z¸P-qô - GÅÞ ¤ ¿k m -HÛ - ÇÀ ô z -¤¼-fï P Å-¤P-zh¤Å-fô m -‚ã P -zºÛ - ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -TÛ G ¼ï h -Tï Å -GÅÞ P Å-¤-fG-D¤Å-GÁÛ Å -hÐ P Å-zºÛ - ÇÀ ô z -¤-hï - mGqP-¤hÝ m -xÛ m -mÅ-ym-HÛ - ¤Û P -¾-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -¸ï ¼ ü Lm¾GÅ-n¤-qÅ-GÝ Å -q¼-»Û h -Vï Å -GmP-z-fÞ G Å-Xï - Vï ü GÝ Å -qÅ-

90 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

º²Û m -IÔ º Û - ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-±ô º Û - ¤Z¤-hÝ - ¾Å-ºGm-¾ï G Å-Iâ z -»ô P -zhP-ü ±P-¤Å-¤Z¤-ºhï G Å-Èà ¼ -z¯ô m -PP-ÇÀ ô z -IÔ º Û - ÇS ô m -fô m hP-wÞ ¾ -‚ã P -º²Û m -IÔ - ŸÛ G -VGÅ-q-z¯ô m -¾ï m -‚ï h -ˆÛ - »Û m ü ÇÀ h xÛ m -PÅ-¤-ºIÛ G -q-‚ã P -m-fh-;¼-¤hÝ m -hÝ - Bô m -zXô h -GmP¼ô G Å-Ÿï Å -zXô h ü GŸô m -mÝ - Áï Å -»ô m -Tm-hï º Û - zz-¿Ë Û P -zdmGÅÞ ¤ -HÛ - hô m -¿k m -z;º-ÇÀ ô z -¤hô ¼ -zÇk Ý Å -hï ¾Å-±P-¤Å-hGï - Lm-mÅ-„À ô - z¸P-zÇe m -º²Û m -º²Û m -IÔ º Û - LmzhG-¾-zh¤Å-q-hï ¼ -fÞ m -¤ô P -GÛ Å -»Û - ¼PÅ-hP-hGº-zÅÞ - ŸÝ Å »ô h -¾-fÞ m -¤ô P -hï - G¸Û - zXÛ h -Vï m -qô - »Û m -qºP-zÇ+ Ý ¾ -¿U G Åfï z Å-Åô ü ü fï P Å-ÁÛ G -GÝ Å -¤ô - hP-ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-¹-z-GZÛ Å -¤Û P -GŸÝ P GŸÛ ¼ -z¸Þ P -Gh-¼ï Å -ˆÛ - ÅP-ZÛ m -Ÿô G Å-q-ÇÀ ô z -¤-n¤Å-ÇÀ ô z -DPhÝ - ±ô G Å-Xï Å -Dô P -GÛ Å -Ç+ h -ÁÝ G Å-Vï m -qô Å -D-ÅP-Gh-xG-¼ï Å ÅÞ - ¼ï h -h¤ü Ÿï Å -zÁh-P-¼P-h¾-zÞ º Û - PP-»¼-¾PÅ-Ç+ z Å-Dô P GÛ Å -Eï h -¼P-GZÛ Å -Gh-G®P-¤-¤-zMz-q-GP-»Û m -m¤ü º²Û m IÔ º Û - G¸Û - zXÛ h -¾-GTï Å -Bô P -¤ï h -q-±P-¤Å-hï - ¿e ¼ -‚Å-m-ºIÛ G G¤ü ¾¤-Åï P -G®P-¤¼-xG-hGô Å -Ÿï Å -mm-qô Å -zÁh-‚ã P -zÅÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-±P-¤-Mã Å -¤Pº-‚ã P -¤-fG-»Û m -Aï m -Dô P -GÛ Å -ºfï ¼ -

P-±ô º Û - º²Û m -IÔ º Û - Lm-zhG-z¸P-qô ü

ºhô m -hï ¼ -Pô - ±-D-Bï P Å-PP-Ghô P -h¤¼-qô ¼ -Hã ¼ -zŸÛ m -‚-zzOæ z -hGô Å -‚ã P -ü º²Û m -IÔ - ±ß G Å-mÅzhÝ m -GÅÞ ¤ -®¤-Åô P -»P-P-±ô - Vz-¤hô - Å-DÞ ¾ -HÛ - zÞ - ¤ô - GÅÞ ¤ Ç+ h -»Û G -¤-Áï Å -qºÛ - Ÿm-VÅ-ÇÀ ô z -FÛ h -Ç+ z Å-¸Û m -ƒÛ Å -zMz-ˆP¸Û m -ƒÛ Å -V-¤-±P-zºÛ - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -hï - Åï ¤ Å-DÞ ¼ -Vï - zºÛ - Lm-zhGGÛ Å -Áï Å -dô G -‚ã P -Çe ï - h¤Û G Å-zÅ¾-¤±m-±ô G Å-¼P-¢ô P -zï h uô h -ˆÛ Å -P-±ô ¼ -hzÞ Å -Ç+ h -zÇÀ z -q-¤-¸hü ¸Û m -ƒÛ Å -zMz¼ô G Å-hP-Gô - zl-¤-ºyô h -z¼-ºIï ¾ -zÁh-Mã m -ºEô P Å-¤Þ - ¤fÞ h GmP-GÛ - »ô h ü hï - ®¤-¤-¸h-Dô P -GÛ Å EÛ ¤ -±P-hzÞ ¾ -zºÛ - ÇÀ ô z -¤¼-¼ô G Å-¼¤-GmP-z-zTÅ-ˆÛ - ¤²hz¸P-¾-±P-¤Å-z¯Û - z;Ý ¼ -hqG-¤ï h -ŸÝ - »Û - ¼ï h ü hï - ¿e ¼ -»Þ m ¼Û P -GÛ - ºƒï ¾ -z-zMã h -ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -±P-¤Å-Dô P -GÛ - hzÞ - ºFÛ h -ºô G ¤fÞ m -¾¤-z¸P-zü G®P-£-hô h -qü GÝ Å -ŸzÅ-¿k m -qü Dô P GÛ Å -z;º-Æâ P -zOæ z Å-qÅ-zô h -»Û G -±m-DG-GÛ - wÞ ¾ -‚ã P -º²Û m IÔ - Ÿï Å -ÇÀ ô z -IÔ º Û - mP-¤±m-Ç‰ m »P-fô z -zô ü ü GŸm-»P-PÅ-Dô P -Ç‰ Û P -Xï - Tm-ŸÛ G -»Û m -q-dô G ‚ã P -Çe ï ü Dô ¼ -»Þ G -G®P-£-‚ï h -Ç+ z Å-Æô G -VGÅ-Vß P -PÞ º Û ¼Û G Å-¾-»P-Gmô h -hô G Å-º±ï - z-¤ï h -qºÛ - Å-GmÅ-zhï - Å¼-

92 z®m-Gmô m -¾-Lô ¾ -zºÛ - Ç‰ Û P -Çe ô z Åü

‚¤Å-ˆÛ Å -zB¾-ŸÛ P -Æâ P -Bô z -‚ï h -q-hP-ü fï P Å-ÁÛ G -P-hPÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-»-¾ï P -GÛ Å -£P-mG-ÁÛ - ¼ô - ŸÛ G -Dô P -GÛ - ¸Û m -ƒÛ Å -hï z mP-zŸG-qÅ-ÇÀ ô z -IÔ - ±ô G Å-hÝ Å -Dô P -GÛ Å -¸Û m -hï z -D-xï - ¤-fG£P-mG-ÁÛ - ¼ô - ¤fô P -zÅ-Ç+ h -Áô ¼ -bï - DÞ - ÅÛ ¤ -HÛ - Dô ¼ -»Þ G -h=ô G Åq-¤-¸h-Ghô P -h¤¼-AP-Hã ¼ -mÅ-Ç+ h -VºP-zÁh-¤-fÞ z -q¼Hã ¼ -Åô P -ü Lm-¾GÅ-ˆÛ Å -Eï h -¼P-G-¼ï - ‚Å-Åô P -P¤-Ÿï Å -iÛ Å Åô P -zÅ-Dô P -GÛ Å -ºzÞ ü ºzÞ - Ÿï Å -Ç+ h -V-¤Û - GÅ¾-z-ŸÛ G -zXô h ü Dô P -GÛ - n¤-ºHã ¼ -hï - ¤fô P -zÅ-P-±ô Å -Dô P -¾-;Ý - ¼ï - ‚Å-q-¾¤-hÝ Åô P -Aï m -ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -±P-¤ºÛ - Gh-¤ô Å -º²Û m -DP-mP-ƒG-V-ºDô ¾ ü »Þ m -¼Û P -qô - ŸÛ G -¿Ë - Å-¸P-¸Û P -GÛ - Dô ¼ -»Þ G -mP-GmÅÁÛ P -ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -GŸô m -mÝ - ±ô - ¾-»P-¼P-¼ï º Û - ¤Û - ¼Û G Å-ˆÛ - Çk Ý G zÇS ¾ -HÛ - Gmô m -ÁÝ G Å-ÁÛ G -ºyh-hï - Åï ¤ Å-n¾-hÝ - ¤Û - GmÅ-ˆP»Þ m -¼Û P -ŸÛ G -mP-Dô P -hP-ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-±ô - ¤²º-ŸÛ P -z¯ï - zºÛ - PP»ô m -bm-M-¤±ô ¼ -¤Z¤-¼ô ¾ -GmP-»ô h ü zhï - BÛ h -ˆÛ - ZÛ - ¤-JÀ ô zÞ ¼ -vÛ m -mG-GÛ Å -OÛ z -qºÛ - hÝ Å -bï ï - uÛ - ¾ô 1988 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 5 ZÛ m -ÇÀ ô z -yâ G -TÛ G -ƒï ¾ -º±ß z -PP-ÇÀ ô z DP-hÝ - Mã G -»ô P -Çe ï - Dô P -±ô ü Dô - ±ô - GÅô m -hP-ü P-±ô º Û - Lm-zhG¾GÅ-º²Û m -z¸Þ P -‚Å-ºhÝ G Ÿï Å -zXô h -¤-fG-ÇÀ ô z -¤-±ô Å -

¤Z¤-¼Þ z -GmÅ-±ß ¾ -Zm-Ç+ z Å-ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-hï Å -P-±ô º Û - Lm-zhG¾GÅ-ˆÛ Å -M-h¤G-TÛ G -zÅh-q-¼ï h -¸ï ¼ -HÛ - ºhÝ G -Tï Å -zXô h -¤fG-P-¼P-ÈP-ÅPÅ-mÅ-Dô P -ºzÞ - Vß P -Vß P -ŸÛ G -¾-Ÿï h -Ço P -Bï - »Û »ô h -m-¤Û - GP-ºi-‚Å-mÅ-zÅh-h¤-Ç‰ ¤ -qºÛ - fï - ±ô ¤ -Vï - »P-hô m hPô Å -ˆÛ - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -mÛ - P-±ô º Û - ¿+ ô G -ºHã ¼ -ŸÛ G -»Û m -qÅ-hï º Û - fhÅÞ - ŸÛ G -GÛ Å -PºÛ - fï - ±ô ¤ -Åï ¾ -h¤ü GmÅ-±ß ¾ -hï Å -ÇÀ ô z -¤-±ô - Èô m fô ¼ -ŸÛ P -GÝ Å -ÁÛ P -z¯ï - zºÛ - Lm-zhG-z¸P-qô - GhÝ G -¯ç z -Tm-HÛ z®m-º²â ¾ -q-M-¤Û - h¤¼-qô º Û - ¾G-bà - fï z Å-qÅ-hÝ Å -hï - mÅz¸Þ P -¤²º-z¯ï - Vï - zºÛ - Ÿ¾-¤W¾-Mã - ¤ï h -¾-ºi-¤Z¤-fô G -¤Û Áï Å -ÇÀ ô z -Çe ô m -¤²h-qºÛ - ‚¤Å-z¯ï º Û - GÅÞ P -fô Å -Mã - »P-¤Û - ºhÝ G ¤Eï m -uô h -¸z-¾-wÞ G Å-¼ï - ¿k m -qºÛ - GŸô m -mÝ - hï ¼ -VGÅÇK ô - hï ¿e - zÞ - ‚ã P -zÅ-ÇÀ ô z -Iô G Å-±ô - Bô - Ço P -Åï ¤ Å-Çk Ý G -GÛ Å -Ez-Çe ï ü º²Û m -IÔ º Û - OÛ G -Æô ¾ -¿Ë ô h -qü ÇÀ ô z -¾-¤-z¯ô m -qü zhG-hPzTÅ-qºÛ - Iô G Å-¤ô - ºGº-Çk Ý G -zÇS ¾ -HÛ Å -hzP-¤ï h -PÞ - PG-Áô ¼ ü hï - mÅ-P-±ô º Û - º²Û m -IÔ Å -G®ô Å -zô h -»Û G -±m-DG-ÇÀ ô z -¤-ºGºz®ô m -DP-hÝ - LmzhG-¾GÅ-fï P Å-¤P-¤W¾-z¼-xÛ m -»P-EÛ - uP-hP-ºi-zºÛ MºÛ -

G»ôm-mÅ-¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¤hÝm-I¾-hP-qô-zÇem-q-wÞ¾-‚ãP-ü zÇem-q-hzP-IGÅü M-h¼ü G»ôm-¯ÛÅ-Mz-PôÅhP-qô„Àô-z¸P-z=-ÁÛÅü DP-GÅ¼-M¾-¤±mü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-º²Ûm-zTÅ-v-©ôG-z®ôm-DP-hÝ-zŸÝGÅ-Ç+zÅü (q¼-ºhÛ-¼P-GŸÝP-zhï-ÆâP-¿Ëm-DP-mÅ-¤Dô-ºhôm-GmP-ü)

(q¼-ºhÛ-¼P-GŸÝP-zhï-ÆâP-¿Ëm-DP-mÅ-¤Dô-ºhôm-GmP-ü)

v-¤ôG-z®ôm-DP-GÛ-¿UGÅ-¼Û-hP-Åô-¿e-DP-ü

M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-DôP-hÝÅ-z;G-z®ôm-zTßG-‚-Mã¼-zbP-zºÛ-zTh-Fü

hrh-FºÛ - ºi-ÁÝ Å ü

M-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-DôP-hÝÅ-z;G-z®ôm-zTßG-‚-Mã¼-zbP-zºÛ-zTh-Fü

hrh-FºÛ - ºi-ÁÝ Å ü