Koi

Architectural Design Studio ARC20001

(materials, Fabrication and construction)

2018, semester 1 Nicholas Aylward, 101092817 1

Introduction My name is Nicholas Aylward and I am currently a second year student at Swinburne University of Technology where I am completing a bachelor degree of Architecture. I have completed my first year in Bachelor of Design Interior Architecture.

I decided to follow the path of studying architecture because I had a huge interest in building and materials with my grandfather while growing up. My grandfather, who built his own house, passed on his skills and knowledge to me and taught me how to use my hands to make amazing things with a few tools. As I grew older, I fell in love with the idea of being able to see the things I had made in physical form and the pride that comes with it.

I am excited to develop my digital and physical architecture skills throughout my course and into a professional career. I continue to look to all aspects of the world to learn and educate myself.

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Construction 2 Building services and documentation

Interior Architecture Digital Documentation

Studio 1: Space, form and Human Occupation

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Contents

SECTION A CONCEPT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTION AND PROTOTYPE LEARNING OUTCOME

6 8 10 12

SECTION B DESIGN CONCEPT/ ORIGINAL TASK SITE ANALYSIS PRECENTS MATERIAL TESTING FIRST PROTOTYPE SECOND PROTOTYPE THIRD PROTOTYPE FUTURE CONSTRUCTION LEARNINGS AND CONCLUSION DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FINAL DESIGN FINAL OUTCOMES AND FUTURE IMAGES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

14 16 18 24 36 38 46 54

SECTION C INTRODUCTON DIGITAL SKETCHES DIGITAL PORTFOLIO LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND CONCLUSION

66 68 78 112 114 116 118 120 128

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SECTION A 6

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Original curves

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Pavillion as a loft

Pavillion seperated into panels

CONCEPT DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT

Forming A Grid.

creating the outer labeling the panels.

Transfering the cut lines. panels into the grid.

connecting the outer Adding hatching to allow for sier lines to form the tabs. physical construction.

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Gluing the panels together in individual rows.

Laying the rows out and slowly gluing them together from bottom to top

All panels were glued it was noted that it needed added stiffening to show the intended shape.

Adding lengths of cardboard for extra stiffness and support.

Laser cutting cardboard with numbering for identification.

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CONSTRUCTION

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LEARNING OUTCOME

With the completion of Section A it opened up the opportunity to explore a large variety of new technologies.

First beginning the semester with little understanding of rhino and its plug-ins, gradually learning the many advantages through online classes and Chen.

Furthermor upon finishing the physical prototype its amazing to see just how many new shapes and structures can be created while also being much more efficient to create, Allow in future it would be interesting in evoloving the structures that are created with more accurate settings adjusted while the intended materials are kept in mind.

I look forward to further developing my computer skills and just seeing the limitless possibilities that come with this.

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SECTION B 14

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DESIGN CONCEPT ORIGINAL TASK

With the use of computer software it is intended to create a pavilion that can be included within the park areas directly off wakefield st in hawthorn. With this task indepth site analysis must be taken into consideration to maximise the current aspects and almost improve this with design.

Along with the design of a pavilion real life prototyping must take place as a backing to the design to ensure in future a real life structure can possibly be created.

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SITE ANALYSIS

The allocated site for the pavillion will be situated in the suburb of Hawthorn and is a close walk from the main street of Glenferrie Road.

The area of Hawthorn is well-known for many of its high schools and the Swinburne University of Technology.

Other popular spots nearby the site are the Hawthorn Gardens and the Glenferrie station, which is approximately 500 metres away.

The final location for the pavillion will be situated on the grass lawn area directly off Wakefield Street and across from 21 Wakefield Street.

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SITE ANALYSIS

The importance of the site location was taken into consideration with many different aspects coming into play. These key aspects included the use of the space, the foot traffic, the sun’s path, the public access to the site and surrounding environmental conditions.

The site’s location allows for consistent daylight in all times of the year and with this in mind, it will be a great feature to incorporate into the design.

The overall footprint needed to be considered because of the site’s access to the public while also being close to the busy Glenferrie Road, which incorporates large numbers of people.

As it was noted for its high levels of foot traffic and being a public access site, we saw the chance to design a pavilion that the public could naturally see themselves interacting with. With this in mind, we chose to pick a centralised location within the courtyard area that allowed all these factors to be included.

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FREI OTTO

UNIVERSITY O

MUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM

DEEP SURFAC

Munich, Germany Tensile 1972

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Stuttgart, Ten 20

PRECEDENTS CRITICAL ANAYLSIS

OF STUTTGART

DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE LAB

CE PROTOTYPE

AGGREGATED POROSITY

, Germany nsile 013

Chasha, China Tensile 2011

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PRECEDENT.A FREI OTTO Munich Olympic Stadium 01

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FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

The roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich was developed based on the use of computerized mathematical procedures in determining the form and behaviour of the structure, resulting in an architectural form of “minimal surfaces�.

The metal frame created numerous minimal surfaces and also provided minimal weight.

The surface tension of these forms are completely balanced, providing a very stable construction. The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics. Because of the precision in calculations of the structural system and the membrane, these structural components were manufactured off- site. This level of high precision allows the easy assembly for one of the most innovative and complex structural systems that have been worked only with the premise of stress.

Large pipes and steel cables have been incorporated into the construction as an immediate support to the canopy.

These cables range from 65 to 400 meters long.

The metal frame created numerous minimal surfaces also provided minimal weight. The surface tension of these forms are completely balanced, providing a very stable construction.

The cover membrane is suspended by a multitude of vertical masts enabling sharp bends winding surface draping dynamically changing flow through the space possessing scale and sectional characteristics.

The enclosure of the structure consists of a sheet of of PVCcoated polyester, 2.9 x 29m and 4mm thick. To avoid deformations due to temperature, valves rest on neoprene. Structural members such as straps, parallel cords, knots, cast steel clamps, masts steel tubes, and acrylic (Plexiglas) have all been utilized for the construction.

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PRECEDENT.B UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGARD Deep Surface Prototype 01

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FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

The Hyper-Torodial Deep Surface Prototype shows the investigation of computer generated design. It illustrates cell-based membranes morphologies created as purely tensioned structure with the distributed anchorage points and interconnected elements.

As tension has a continuous flow through the structure of multiple surfaces and cylindrical geometries made through cables and mesh materials.

Use of anchorage points and mesh within different locations it creates a baseline and boundary for which the surface is constrained within. As the tension and anchorage points dictate and warp the surface to show some basic behaviours of meshes and tensioned surfaces.

Provided the computer generated design, the use of algorithms has been incorporated in the template to ensure that the structure is able to be constructed physically in a practical manner within specifications for the acquired material performances and limitations.

As the geometry’s surfaces diversify throughout the structure, the tension and surface behaviour greatly varies.

The origin of this structure’s design and orientation is processed by a simulation engine highly based on particles and springs. Based highly through the evolution of both physical and computational studies with a basic central origin.

The inclusion of cable loading points within the geometries provides more centered locations it backs further tension and allows the creation of more extreme components.

The final structure boasts surfaces and geometry that are manufactured on a large scale plotter providing an easy process creating the essential surface.

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PRECEDENT.C DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE LAB Canopy Design 01

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FABRICATION

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS

Within the dynamic form, curvature varies across the surface. Such a curvature variation provides a basic input for the propagated component to create differentiated openings.

Several steps of optimization have been taken to subdivide the surface: by looking for a balanced point between the most dynamic grid which result in drastic variation in the shape/size of grid cells and the most identical grid cells’ shape that breaks the grid continuity at some high curvature areas.

An orthogonal surface grid is chosen to generate a hexagonal array of panels. Extensive panels are automatically eliminated when they fall out of the surface domain.

Panels are doubly curved in most area of the surface, and in between panels lack any openings. Considering the available panel fabrication technique and material being laser-cut plywood, it’s essential to ensure that all panels are flat.

A steel cable mesh is designed as an immediate support structure between the primary frame and the hexagonal panels. A customized joint is designed to fix the panels on the cable meshes, while it also gives enough flexibility between panels to absorb the construction tolerance and natural deformation due to gravity.

The joint is made from using cable clamps, bolts and custom fabricated like 9mm MDF spacers and 0.4mm steel plates. The slots cut out from the plywood panels align perpendicularly to the slot on the stainless steel plate. When combined with the flexibility of the panel itself, they provide a joint that is flexible and manipulatable in 3 axes.

After the propagation stategy, all hexagonal panels are flattened by projection in a manner to keep 3 points constraint to their original location and projecting the other 3 to a flat plane. This provides a method to constrain the hexagonal panels at 3 of its vertices, while freeing up the other 3 to produce openings where the surface curvature becomes radical.

A second stream of triangular holes on the panels are deployed where the panels are very large.

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DEVELOPABLE SURFACES Developable surfaces allow round forms to be constructed in a physical sense with planar materials such as plywood, sheet metal and fabrics.

DEFINITION: Forms are called ‘developable’ or ‘single curved’ when they can be created through ordinary bending of a planar surface without distortion of the material. These surfaces are characterized by only bending in one direction at a time, like a cylinder or cone.

Developable surfaces are used for the construction of ships, tent sewing, fabrication of ventilation ducts, buildings, and all kinds of architectural structures.

TYPES: Cylindrically Developable Conical Developable Poly-conical Developable Super-poly-conical Developable

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Frank Gehry’s Walt Disney concert hall.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, after in depth analysis and research into the three precedents and the information learned from the case study, we look to apply this into our design process as we move ahead.

As a whole, we share interest in the concept of a cable tension minimal surfacing pavilion and the exploration of a panel-like system that can be included for aesthetic reasons and provide shelter from the elements.

We look to further explore and learn more in depth knowledge of these aspects and almost take them to new levels. As we see with Frei Otto’s stadium, an interesting precedent that used cable tensions, these tools can come to work in a real life sense.

The University of Stuttgard’s Deep Surface Prototype research can help us see the true potential that digital modeling can generate and its limitless possibilities in making materials.

Furthermore, in Digital Architecture Lab’s canopy design, the paneling and connection system can allow a source of design and physical structure inspiration for our project. Possibly combining paneling, materials and tensioned cables is a nice aesthetic feature and can be seen as a chance to conclude with an interesting final design outcome.

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As we looked for a paneling feature to include in prototype 2 the research into bamboo plywood showed its a promising material although to further test its abllilites in relation to our project we took sample sizes and with the aid of hot water showed the amount of flexibility the material has.

With this testing we now knew it would work effectively within our project.

Within prototype 1 and with the concept of using a material for the surface we analysed 3 different polyester materials. Their was 3 main categories.

First seeing analysing the tear and cut resistence as they will need to be able to withstand the tension it was noted the yellow polyester/licra mix outperformed the others.

With the idea of using the laser cutter to cut the materials a sample of all 3 were cut and performed perfectly allowing all materials to work efficiently.

Finally in seeing the higher quality of the woven polyester in the cut and tear tests it was chosen as the material for prototype 1.

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MATERIAL TESTING

A tensioning system was a vital part in the construction of our design while being adjustable and strong being key features.

Turnbuckles were seen as the best option with anchor points being set up and lengths of cable and wire being tightened proving turnbuckles had the necessary abilitities for the project.

In prototype 1 research into a linkage/intersection method was necessary, the original concept of using washers with wires although is effective came to have a limited lifespan as a they endured a large amount of strain while also not being seen as very accurate.

With the completion of the second prototype further research was taken into place with cross wire clamps being the best outcome, being lightweight, strong, durable, time efficient and long lasting. due to their high costs though, wire end connectors and nylon lock nuts combined with bolts was seen as a compromise purely to see a good representation of the overall form in prototype 3.

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PROTOTYPE 1

Our first prototype was seen as an introduction of developable surfaces in a physical form.

Creating a simple surface allowed us to show the effects of a minimal surface at play. Generating the digital model we wanted made sure it could be constructed using different techniques.

We chose to create a material structure first because it allowed us to show a minimal surface, while also being a simple and easy first step in the pavillion prototyping process.

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Surface Creation

A basic frame was generated with 4 anchor points.

Measurements were used in the physical construction stage.

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A digital render of the final surface.

Panel Creation

PROTOTYPE 1 DEVELOPMENT

A developable surface was created through triangular panels as they were layed out in rows.

The final panels as seen below, were generated through rhino and kangaroo then transfered over to an illustrator file to be laser cut. The same polyestr- lycra material was used as discussed in the material testing stage.

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They were then layed out into position with the ade of accurate square assuring then welded into place.

The completed frame then had anchor points screwed into place.

The frame of prototype 1 was constructed by cutting rhs steel tubing using measurements transfered over from the digital file.

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woven polyester with a mix of licra was laser cut to create accurate panels.

PROTOTYPE 1 CONSTRUCTION

The 7 rowed panels were then connected together by hand sewing them.

An image showing the 7 final panels as they are sewn together.

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PROTOTYPE 1 ANALYSIS AND LEARNING OUTCOME The completion of prototype 1 allowed us to not only see a digital copy being transformed into a realistic structure, but it also allowed us to analyse it while transferring it back into the computer files.

Once completed, it was noted that although acceptable on a small scale, new methods of connecting the developable panels together would show important in a realistic structure.

Furthermore, the way each material stretches and turns to shape is unique. A mistake we made in our digital generation was making tolerances for materials and the way in which they act. This recreates an accurate surface. It had to be over extended due to the elasticity of the material and its desire to be further stretched with the slightest force.

Further discussion on a 1:1 scale model is discussed on pages 68-69 where more realistic materials are mentioned.

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PROTOTYPE 2

Prototype 2 was a chance to further explore the in depth the possibilities of generating a physical form from digital software.

The digital components will now include an attempt to include aesthetically pleasing panels through the use of a mesh with metal components and bamboo plywood, showing a more elaborate and realistic prototype.

The footprint of the 2nd prototype is intended to be identical to the original at an attempt to allow comparisons to be seen.

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Mesh Development

Basic sub frame (same measurements for the steel frame)

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Mesh in its unrelaxed form.

Kangaroo applied to relax the mesh.

Adjusted anchor points to creat a more 3 dimensional structure.

Panel Development

Outer panel lines found.

PROTOTYPE 2 DEVELOPMENT

Through scriptwork curved panels were formed

The panels as they would be displayed on the mesh

Upon completion of the digital development the frame and nets measurements were extruded, also the panels were layed out for laser cutting as they will be attached later as seen on the right.

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PROTOTYPE 2 Using 1mm wire each length of the mesh was cut and a loop was created.

The loops were then connected to steel washers as the intercepting point of x and y axis.

The frames construction process is identical to that of the first prototype with the same measurements.

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As multiple intersections were created they were then layed out in their specific location and connected in rows. After connected waste material on the end of the twisted wire was removed.

CONSTRUCTION

Cable turnbuckles were used in order to connect the mesh to the frame making a rigid structure.

The wood panels for each space were laser cut out for future attachment onto the prototype, being generated by computer software.

each bamboo plywood panel was placed in hot water to give it more flexibility then was connected by with a loop of wire.

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PROTOTYPE 2 ANALYSIS AND LEARNING OUTCOME Upon completing the second prototype, the time consuming process showed that the mesh structure can be effectively made by transferring digital information. With this, it was a success and the laser cut panels were aesthetic.

The construction process will be followed over into the third prototype. Further research will be required to connect the intersecting wires as modification may need to be made in future prototypes.

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PROTOTYPE 3

Prototype three was an opportunity to combine past knowledge learned in prototype one and two and to improve its connection to our compter designs.

As we separated a section of the pavillion and slightly tweaked it for physical construction, we were then able to begin the physical construction.

While utilising more realistic materials, we will be able to get a better grasp on what the real pavilion could possibly come to be. As a result, this will enable us to analyse and identify any problems that could occur and make modifications to adjust.

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Selecting a section of the final design to make a 1:5 scale model

The final mesh

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Small modifications were made to ensure physical construction was possible while also exaggerating angles for a more extreme design and testing the construction abilities

Similar panels to those in prototype 2 were then added to the mesh.

PROTOTYPE 3 DEVELOPMENT

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With constructing the 3rd prototype new techniques were explored throughout the process, as the steel frame became vital large amounts of research were undertaken to ensure an accurate phyical model could be created.

all measurements were transfered into cut lengths of 1mm steel cable.

Creating the steel frame and its curvature came to be the most difficult. To reducing the challenge multiple bending tools were used including, wire roller, tube bender and a metal vice.

It was shown that the most efficient way was to create a large curve and through a combination of tools slowly tweek the curvature to fit the template.

Attaching wire end connectors through crimping to the end of each wire.

Construction of the steel mesh included the use of multiple tools.

As we used them it showed just how important they can come to be. With crimping almost 1200 wire ends ease of operations became a key aspect, creating an extention on the crimps showed highly convenient allowing more force to be incorporated.

connecting the whole net with the use of small metric stainless steel bolts and nylon lock nuts

PROTOTYPE 3 CONSTRUCTION The final mesh as its suspended to the ceiling for attachment.

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PROTOTYPE 3 Laser printing a template for the construction of the frame

Combining the laser cut plywood sheets to create a template

The digital curve was transfered over to a template through digital software.

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Using multiple metal bending tools to form the metal rod to the templates curve

CONSTRUCTION Gradually developing the curve with the template used as a refference

The extra lengths of rod were then cut off and prepared for welding.

A mild steel base was then constructed with the measurements marked out by referrence to the digital model.

The frame is seen here in its final form after being welded the mild steel base with an added weight used for more stability 61

PROTOTYPE 3

plotting the outer anchor points. With the aid of the computer model then getting the vertical height of each anchor point from the ground up.

The vertical lengths of steel positioned accuratly with the use of tri squares then precut length s of steel were held into position.

Using a hydraulic lift the frame was raised into position and anchored to the wire ends using small lengths of wire.

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Small bolts used in the mesh were welded to the end of each outer pole for anchorage points.

CONSTRUCTION As the steel frame was completed extended cable end connecters were attached at each anchor point for added tolerance.

the wood panels for each space were laser cut out for future attachment onto the prototype.

Each panel was then attached using small lengths of wire being wrapped around the able lengths and through the wholes previously laser cut.

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PROTOTYPE 3 ANALYSIS AND LEARNING OUTCOME With the completion of the third prototype we were able to show a more realistic concept of a possible design. By using real life 1:5 scaled materials, the model showed us the positives and negatives of a combination of our research, precedents and computer files together.

The prototype as a whole was successful because it showed our design concepts and realistic materials together. However, due to not using tolerances for the specific materials in the digital portion it was necessary to make small alterations along the construction process.

The prototype as a whole was a success and was constructed in just over the period of a week. Even with the large quantities of parts, future designs and life size models could possibly come to use less materials such as cross clamps at each intersection. This would reduce the number of parts down to one rather than six while also reducing the overall weight.

Analysis of the final prototype showed that despite acting like a minimal surface, the required tension to make the whole structure solid was not truly represented in the scale. To overcome this, tensioning mechanisms would need to be incorporated while also possibly more anchor points throughout the central frame section to create a fully tensioned structure.

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Mesh Construction

With the information gathered from the prototyping and research its come to the conclusion that the meshs components need to be long lasting, durable light weight and easy to construct.

With this all in mind the use of stainless steel cable for the mesh would be the most efficient ticking all these boxes, and rather then using bolts and wire en connectors at each interval wire cross clambs seen in figure C are easy to operate, long lasting and adjustable.

Finally as the meshs construction is completed and the tension process is of vital importance and so turnbuckles were chosen due to their low cost, ease of use and ability to produce high levels of tension.

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Panel Construction

FUTURE CONSTRUCTION

The ability to select between a rigid bamboo panel design or a flexible material one in the way of PVA membrane is an interesting feature in our design that can be continued although real 1:1 attachment of the paneling needs to be adressed.

Frame Construction

In the case of the wood panels galvanised hog rings used for the purpose of fencing are efficient very cheap, long lasting and easy to attach.

While in the case of the PVA Membrane this can be attached by industrial sewing or a glue solvent between the 2 layers with a outdoor lifespan of 20+ years.

Seen throughout the world steel tubing being a sustainable and efficient building product being lightweight strong, easy to manipulate and cost effective.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The first step in the design process was learning the computer software Rhino and its multiple plug-ins as we developed the basic skills necessary. This allowed us to feed this information into our physical prototypes as a chance to develop both sections simultaneously.

Once we were able to learn and further develop our computer skills it opened our possibilities up to an endless amount of design options. As we began with basic working shapes, we developed them into a larger variety of forms and shapes as seen in the following pages.

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Development and various form orientations

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

As mentioned in pages 20-23 , the importance of connecting with the original site and the way the public interacts as they go about their daily lifestyle is a key aspect.

We kept the location of the trees and footpaths in mind as well as the cell-like structure when we roughly placed the central locations in order to make no alterations to the environment or area.

Once the central locations were situated, previous learning from generating forms could be transferred into a more realistic concept for further alterations in the designs development.

While working towards designing a final model we were also incorporating the information learned from the three prototypes. We kept this information in mind throughout the entire process, hoping to ensure more possibilities in a real life constructed version.

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Fig. A

Fig. B

Fig. C

Fig. D 74

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

As noted on page 84-85, we were able to create the basic computer generated structure in relation to the site.

Once this was completed, the design development was taken into consideration, beginning with a basic rigid mesh shelter as seen in figure A. Following on with this stage to create a more organic, smooth-flowing shape, digital software was incorporated to relax and bring the feature of a minimal surface into play, as seen in figure B connecting to anchor points.

To add an extra level of dynamic to the pavillion, the top edges were adapted to have varying heights with the size of trees and the vortex dependent on the amount of vertical adjustment.

Finally, three of the curve frames were adjusted to create another level of complexity as seen in figure D.

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Panel Variations

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FINAL DESIGNS We combined our knowledge from the prototyping and physical construction stage with our computer design understanding to create something that covers all the design issues first met in the project brief. This included the site and maximising the footpath, surrounding trees, the high amounts of daily sun and the large levels of available space.

Each design attempted to have the public seamlessly find themselves in their daily lives under the sails with the shadows and the light flowing through and casting shadows on the ground while also giving protection from the environment.

The following pages show three design concepts that share the same footprint and basic form with only slight changes. This allows the viewer to indulge in any future real-life physical concepts

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Option 1- Water Drop Option 1 shows the concept of a pavillion following on with our research and prototype as the prototype was actually generated of a section their are many similarities between the 2.

The design allows for a high level of shelter from the elements while also almost tempting passer-bys with flowing glimmers of light inbetween the shadows of the shade covering panels.

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DESIGN 1

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Option 1- Water Drop

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Option 1- Water Drop

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Option 1- Water Drop

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Hanging Rods

Cladding

Tension Mesh

Plan View Inner Frames 88

Northeast

Southeast

Southwest

Northwest

Images showing the multiple views of option 1 and its components.

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Future construction could see the use of more efficient anchorage points as seen in the images to the right and bottom right.

Inner Frame Anchor Detail

Outer Frame Anchor Detail

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Option 1 - Water Drop - Detail 93 91

Option 2- Paper Breeze Option 2 shows an almost simplified version of option 1 as it has a smoother paneling system and getting inspiration from the practise of origami being more light in weight using see through industrial polyester As the public walks below they feel the overshadowing presence of the above pavillionwhile showing dynamic aspects and an inbuilt frame system adds to the seemless design.

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Option 2- Paper Breeze

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Option 2- Paper Breeze

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Outer Frame and Spacers

Cladding

Tension Mesh

Plan View Inner Frames 98

Northeast

Southeast

Southwest

Northwest

Images showing the multiple views of option 2 and its components.

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Future construction could see the use of more efficient anchorage points as seen in the image to the right while also including other examples such as larger capacity steel rods and larger thickness steel cable compared to that used in the prototype.

Tension Mesh and Spacer Detail 100

Option 2 - Paper Breeze - Detail 101 103

Option 3- Whirlpool Option 3 almost shows the possibilities the design has and the endless possibilities that can be explored in depth in later times using a wood paneling like system and a cable tension system.

The design as a whole shows an intriguing concept working mainly with the use of lightness of wood as a building material allowing continually changing shadows to be transfered onto the ground throughout continous times of the day.

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Option 3- Whirlpool

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Option 3- Whirlpool

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Outer Frame

Cladding

Tension Mesh

Plan View Inner Frames 108

Northeast

Southeast

Southwest

Northwest

Images showing the multiple views of option 3 and its components.

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A possible example of a connection method for the construction of a 1:1 scale version using criss wire clamps and lengths of cable intersepting the wood paneling.

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Tension Mesh and Strip Cladding

Option 3 - Whirlpool - Detail 113 111

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FINAL OUTCOMES AND THE FUTURE The undertaking of this studio and the projects involved allowed me to develop my individual skills in many areas. Looking back to my first week of studio, it feels rewarding to see just how far I have come. Specifically, I feel as though my knowledge in using Rhino, Grasshopper and multiple plug-ins prior to this semester was very minimal and as the semester continued my abilities continually imporved.

Beginning with Section A and learning the basics of Rhino and Grasshopper from Chen, I was able to engage with physical structures in a whole new way. I never thought so many unique structures could be physically created, and the sheer abilities of modern day software is continually advancing. Where 10 years ago the accessibility and ease of use have continued to advance in such programs its exciting to see what the future holds.

I look back at this semester as an opening to many possibilities as i hope to continue my studis in architecture and hopefully one day advance to a proffesional position. I look forward to continually developing my skills and learning new ones that allow me to be the best i possibly can.

Finally i look forward to applying these new found skills into real life practise as i hope to maximise their abilities as i hope to see the artistic side and possibly explore the beautiful sculptures that can be made similar to the deep surface prototype and many more.

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IMAGES

AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

28, archdaily, https://www.archdaily. com/511689/happy-birthday-frei-otto 28, university of Stuttgart, http://icd.unistuttgart.de/?p=6404 28, design bloom, https://www.designboom. com/architecture/digital-architecture-laboratory-aggregated-porosity/ 37, Archdaily, https://www.archdaily. com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry 37, complexitys.com, http://complexitys. com/blog/developable-surfaces/#.WyT-WEiFMuU 70, uicorn stainless, http://www.unicornstainless.com/products/cable-clips-andclamps/cross-wire-clamp-surface-mount

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70, gs products, http://www.gsproducts. co.uk/10mm-7-19-galvanised-steel-wirerope-100-meter-value-reel/ 70, endurance hardware, https://www. endurancehardware.com/1-2-x6-type316-stainless-steel-jaw-jaw-turnbuckles9jj500x06 71, bothbest bamboo flooring,https://www. bambooindustry.com/blog/buy-bambooveneer-reasons.html 71, indiamart, https://www.indiamart. com/proddetail/waterproofingsheet-18544229597.html 71, metal mate, https://www.metalmate. com.au/galvanised-steel-round-tube 71, Fence Screen, http://www.fencescreen. com/Products/Steel-Galvanized-Hog-Rings. aspx

BIBLIOGRAPHY Evan Rawn , 31/5/2018, Spotlight: Frei Otto, archdaily, viewed 15/3/2018, https://www.archdaily.com/511689/happy-birthday-frei-otto MB, March 12, 2015, Frei Otto’s Munich Olympic Stadium: His lasting legacy?, Stadiafile, viewed 15/3/2018, https://stadiafile.com/2015/03/12/frei-otto-munich-olympic-stadium/ Boyan Mihaylov, Viktoriya Nicolova Prof. A. Menges, S. Ahlquist , 2010/11, Deep surface prototype: project 1, university of Stuttgart, viewed 15/3/2018, http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=6404 Jenny filippetti, 27/8/2011, digital architecture laboratory: aggregated porosity ,design bloom, viewed 15/3/2018, https://www.designboom.com/architecture/digital-architecturelaboratory-aggregated-porosity/ Jennifer Krichels, 9/9/2011, Aggregated Porosity Canopy: Digital Architecture Laboratory, 15/3/18, https://archpaper.com/2011/09/aggregated-porosity-canopy-digital-architecturelaboratory/ MinZhouaJunqingYangbHongchanZhengaWeijieSonga, 15/3/2013, Design and shape adjustment of developable surfaces, 20/3/2018, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S0307904X12004787 Rennie jones, 23/10/2013, AD classics: walt Disney concert hall / Frank Gehry, 21/3/2018, https://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry

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DIGITAL SKETCHBOOK

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Possible Voronoi Cell installation For the AMDC building made fully of cable ties.

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