TELEGRAPH & DURANT
BERKELEY’S SOUTHSIDE
CAMILLA BRETTHAUER, PREMA KRISHNAN, SAM LEVISON LEILANI MAIN, DANIEL REARDON
1 SATHER GATE AND TELEGRAPH
PROSPECT
Sather Gate was built to mark the southern edge of the University in 1911. Beyond, Telegraph Avenue filled with apartments, hotels, and shops after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
WARRING
PIEDMONT
2 GROWING CAMPUS, SHRINKING SPEECH
FINA
After World War II, UC Berkeley grew rapidly. The university acquired land in the Southside, and anti-Communist sentiment caused administrators to require loyalty oaths from faculty and to restrict political speech on campus. When Sproul Plaza was created out of a previously public stretch of Telegraph in 1962, the Free Speech Movement arose to demand students’ right to protest in the space.
COLLEGE
5 BENVENUE
3 BATTLE FOR A PARK
TELEGRAPH
HILLGRASS
3
REGENT
4
DWIGHT
A
5 4 HASTE
B
CHANNING
1
2
DURANT
Conflict over University land acquisition came to a head when administators proposed to turn a piece of land condemned by eminent domain into a parking lot and playing fields in 1969. Protestors occupied the property and created a “People’s Park.” When the police were sent to cordon off the park, protests erupted on Telegraph and a student was killed, prompting mass resistance.
BANCROFT
BOWDITCH
4 SIGNS OF DECAY Changing times took their toll on bohemian Telegraph. After the Berkeley Inn, a relic of turn-of-the-century opulence, burned in 1990 and was demolished, and its corner of Telegraph and Haste has stood empty for over 20 years. The famous Cody’s Books, which sheltered protestors from the police in better times, closed in 2006.
4
DANA
ELLSWORTH
5 THE UNIVERSITY EXPANDS The University continues to intensify its presence in the Southside. In the mid-2000s, the Underhill projects added a playing field as well as new housing and parking, and the new Maximino Martinez Commons added a large apartment-style dorm just across the street from People’s Park.
FULTON
TELEGRAPH & DURANT A
SHATTUCK
TELEGRAPH & BANCROFT B
05TELEGRAPH & DURANT
H. FERNANDO BURGA PHD, NICOLA SZIBBO, LEAH STOCKSTROM
The corner of Telegraph and Durant lies at the heart of the Southside - a formerly opulent neighborhood that UC Berkeley made into its backyard, and also a center of student and radical resistance. [IN]CITY 2014 URBAN ANALYTIQUE
TRANSPORTATION
CAMILLA BRETTHAUER, PREMA KRISHNAN, SAM LEVISON LEILANI MAIN, DANIEL REARDON
Multi-Modal Use and Prioritization on the Telegraph Avenue Commercial Corridor Student Transportation Modes Other
“An appropriate transportation strategy is critical to the economic vitality of local businesses, the operational success of area institutions, the quality of life of residents and surrounding neighbors, and the ease of access for travelers to the Southside.” - City of Berkeley-Southside Plan, 2009
Motorcycle Rideshare Bicycle Walk Public Transit Drive Alone
WALKING
RIDING
Context Sensitive Street Design
Context-Sensitive Street Design is “a custom-tailored approach to street design that takes neighborhood context into account. Such design recognizes that once a high-speed or major arterial enters a community, a neighborhood, or a special, walkable district, it needs to transition into a more human-scaled design that obligates cars to drive in a slower, safer, more courteous and aware manner. BANCROFT
3157
51B
BIKING
Making Public Transportation Affordable and Accessible
Promoting the Goals of the UC Berkeley Long Range Devleopment Plan
The 2001 Southside/Downtown Transportation Demand Management Study found that “75% of commute trips to the Southside and Downtown are generated by employees living within five miles and that there is great potential to increase the share of trips made by transit, bicycle, and walking”
As part of UC Berkeley’s 2020 Long Range Development Plan, the campus will expand student housing in a 1-mile radius around campus. Bicycling is a preferred mode for those who live more than .5 miles from their destination, and is thus becoming an increasingly popular transportation mode.
51B
1
131
152
51B
BANCROFT
BANCROFT
71
61
1R
51B
DURANT COLLEGE
BOWDITCH
TELEGRAPH CHANNING CHANNING
1
HASTE
HASTE
DWIGHT
DWIGHT
1
Peak Hour Pedestrian Volumes
1R
Source: Southside TDM Study, (2003)
AC Transit 1R Line AC Transit 1 Line AC Transit 51B Line
1R 1
Estimated number of Students, Staff, and Faculty who walk to campus every day.
17,000
27,000
Number of Pedestrians per hour who walk on Telegraph between the University and Parker Street
2,000
DRIVING
Major Soutside Bus Routes to and from South Berkeley and Oakland
Approximately 85% of Berkeley students use the AC Transit Class pass each semester as of October 2002. They pay a nominal amount as part of their student fees and receive unlimited rides on AC Transit busses.
Accomodating Those From Out of Town
TRAFFIC FLOW
THE “RIGHT KIND” OF PARKING
BANCROFT
DURANT COLLEGE
BOWDITCH
TELEGRAPH
DANA
ELLSWORTH
CHANNING
2
hrs
The City orients its parking to short-term and neighborhood resident-oriented uses. This is because commuters (who would be all-day parkers) generally have more practical choices of nonautomotive modes than do shoppers and short-term visitors.
HASTE
DWIGHT
North-bound Only
West-bound Only
South-bound Only
East-bound Only Two Way Traffic
“ Southside is not only a destination, but a travel route to other points in the Berkeley area. Southside streets, particularly the Bancroft/Durant and Haste/Dwight pairs, serve as major east-west routes through Berkeley . . . Moreover, two major north-south streets serving North Oakland and Southeast Berkeley, Telegraph Avenue and College Avenue, end at the UC campus, forcing through traffic onto east-west streets in the Southside.” These traffic patterns are exacerbated by the prominance of one-way streets, which assist in flow but also can contribute to speeding and reckless driving activities. (Southside Plan, 2011)
05TELEGRAPH & DURANT
DANA
1
781
PARKING
ELLSWORTH
COLLEGE 51B
COLLEGE
BOWDITCH
TELEGRAPH
DANA
ELLSWORTH
DWIGHT
51B
CHANNING
1572
HASTE
DURANT
51B
BOWDITCH
1019
1
TELEGRAPH
CHANNING
1R
DANA
4497
ELLSWORTH
DURANT
1
Number of Parking Spaces in the Southside (University and City-owned)
3,500
7,400
10,000
Number of University vehicle parking spaces on the central campus and at its perimeter (1,800 in the Southside)
Number of spaces expected to be needed by 2020 to accomodate campus and community growth
H. FERNANDO BURGA PHD, NICOLA SZIBBO, LEAH STOCKSTROM
Bike Boulevard Peak Hour Bicycle Entrance From Southside to UC Berkeley Campus
Class 2.5 Bike Lane Class 2 Bike Lane
4,200
Number of bicyclists who commute to campus each day
500
Expected number of bicycle commuter increase by 2020
Multi Modal Use and Context Sensitive Street Design on the Telegraph Commercial Corridor will become increasingly important as the Southside continues to grow. Meeting the safety needs of pedestrians and bicyclists will become increasingly difficult amidst growing demand for parking if not effectively managed. [IN]CITY 2014 URBAN ANALYTIQUE
HOUSING / LAND USE
CAMILLA BRETTHAUER, PREMA KRISHNAN, SAM LEVISON LEILANI MAIN, DANIEL REARDON
LAND USE+ ACTORS The Southside contains a diverse mixture of land uses including: housing, offices, retail shops, religious, cultural and social institutions, schools, parking, and recreational uses. The physical form of the Southside has evolved over the years, particularly with University acquisition and demolition of buildings in the Southside during the 1950s and 1960s
REGENT
HILLGRASS
FINA
BENVENUE
SUBAREAS LAND USE SUBAREAS IN THE SOUTHSIDE
57% housing 12% retail
FULTON
CHANNING
SHATTUCK
ELLSWORTH
DANA
TELEGRAPH
BOWDICH
HASTE COLLEGE
PIEDMONT
WARRING
PROSPECT
DWIGHT
5.5% offices
DURANT
10% religious
BANCROFT
12% parking Residential Medium Density
Residential High Density
A Residential Medium Density Subarea applying to areas that are predominantly medium density residential in use and character including areas of fraternities, sororities, miscellaneous residential buildings, and single-family homes.
A Residential High Density Subarea applying to areas that are predominately high density residential in use and character and located in close proximity to the University of California.
Residential Mixed Use Subarea
Telegraph Commercial Subarea
A Residential Mixed Use Subarea applying to areas containing a mix of University, office, and institutional uses as well as multi-family housing and small-scale neighborhood serving commercial uses.
A Telegraph Commercial Subarea applying to the retail district on Telegraph and adjacent portions of Bancroft and Durant.
3.5% public/ rec
COMMUNITY CHARACTER DESIGN As with much of the Southside, “eclectic, diverse, and rich in style and detail” are appropriate words to describe the architectural character of the Residential Subareas.
HOUSING STATISTICS There are three providers of housing in the Southside: the University, University-affiliated non-profits, and the private sector. The housing stock in the Southside includes many building ages and types, including pre-WW II wood frame housing, pre-WW II apartment buildings, and post-war apartment buildings
POPULATION MEAN AGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS AVG. HOUSEHOLD SIZE NON-FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS VACANT HOUSEHOLDS RENTAL OCCUPIED UNIT
SOUTHSIDE
BERKELEY
11,000 21.7 5,350 2.06 7,756 630 8,255
177,843 34.5 65,419 2.66 18,278 7,953 18,038
R4H - 3 STORIES R4 - 6 STORIES CT - 4 STORIES
QUICK FACTS 30%
165 - 230 230 - 298 298 - 374 374 - 493 493 - 677 677 - 931
BERKELEY
0 - 68 68 - 135 135 - 195 195 - 248 301 - 364
SOUTHSIDE
58 - 108
OWNER OCCUPIED UNITS
BERKELEY
0 - 58 108 - 165
SOUTHSIDE
RENTER OCCUPIED UNITS
9,000 students live in Southside.
364 - 448 448 - 568 568 - 746
30% of the Southside is owned by UCB.
UCB is exempt from following local zoning conditions but still follows CEQA codes.
Southside consists of 28 city blocks. That is 2.5% of Berkeley.
With multiple actors, varied land use and one of the highest turnovers for rent in the city, the Southside inevitably anything but singular.
746 - 1302
931 - 1,284
05TELEGRAPH & DURANT
H. FERNANDO BURGA PHD, NICOLA SZIBBO, LEAH STOCKSTROM
[IN]CITY 2014 URBAN ANALYTIQUE
COMMERCIAL / RETAIL
CAMILLA BRETTHAUER, PREMA KRISHNAN, SAM LEVISON LEILANI MAIN, DANIEL REARDON
NUMBERS AND STATS QUICK OVERVIEW
14 % OF STOREFRONTS ARE VACANT DUE TO HIGH A TURNOVER RATE
1/3 ARE CHAIN STORES
SALES TAX REVENUE 1800 1600 1400
$, thousands
CUSTOMERS
APPROX. Chain Stores: Student Customers and Other Customers
Am. Apparel
1200 1000 800 600 400 200
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
City of Berkeley Office of Economic Development, 2013 Sales Tax Analysis and Reporting Service, Muni Services
The Melt Rasputin TYPE OF SHOPS
Peet’s 0
Mars
20
40
60
80
Individual Stores: Student Customers and Other Customers
100
AGE OF SHOPS Others
15
Smoke Shops
12
Books, Art, Music
Moe’s
Clothes
Lhasa Karnak
Food
0
20
40
60
80
9 6 3 0
1-2
3-5
5-10 11-20 21-30
30+
100
Chain Store Individual Store 1-2 yrs 30+ yrs
Telegraph’s retail and cultural aspects face tensions including a clash between the desire for mainstream shops and the preservation of a unique culture. 05TELEGRAPH & DURANT
H. FERNANDO BURGA PHD, NICOLA SZIBBO, LEAH STOCKSTROM
[IN]CITY 2014 URBAN ANALYTIQUE