Chapter 19: Nutrition and Metabolism

Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not considered part of metabolism?

a. Assimilation b. Catabolism c. Anabolism d. All of the above are part of metabolism.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction a. Producing plasma proteins b. Producing bile for the chemical digestion of fat c. Helping maintain the proper blood glucose level d. All of the above are functions of the liver.

2. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 534

TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver a. Detoxifying bacterial toxins b. Detoxifying certain drugs c. Storing iron d. All of the above are functions of the liver.

3. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver a. Fibrinogen b. Prothrombin c. Albumin d. All of the above proteins are involved in blood clot formation.

4. Which of the following proteins produced by the liver is not involved in blood clot formation?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver a. It is the first step in carbohydrate metabolism. b. It occurs in the mitochondria. c. Its end product is pyruvic acid. d. It does not require oxygen.

5. Which of the following is not true of the process of glycolysis?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism. b. It occurs in the mitochondria. c. One of its end products is carbon dioxide. d. It requires oxygen.

6. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. It occurs in the mitochondria. b. It takes the high-energy electrons and converts them to energy in the form of ADP. c. It is the third step in carbohydrate metabolism. d. All of the above are true of the electron transport chain.

7. Which of the following is not true of the electron transport chain?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

8. Glycogenesis a. is also called glucose anabolism. b. can occur in liver cells. c. can occur in muscle cells. d. All of the above are true of glycogenesis.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 536 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. Glucagon b. Growth hormone c. Insulin d. Hydrocortisone

9. Which is the only hormone that can reverse hyperglycemia?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 537

TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. Glucagon b. Growth hormone c. Insulin d. Both A and B

10. Which hormone raises blood sugar levels?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 537 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. Metabolized fat is used as a source of energy. b. Fat is catabolized by the process of glycolysis. c. Anabolized fat is stored in adipose tissue. d. All of the above are true of fat metabolism.

11. Which of the following is not true of fat metabolism?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 537-538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. In a healthy person, protein anabolism occurs more often than protein catabolism. b. In a healthy person, protein catabolism occurs more often than protein anabolism. c. Nonessential amino acids are needed in the formation of proteins. d. Amino acids can be built into complex proteins.

12. Which is not true of protein metabolism?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism a. They are inorganic molecules. b. They attach to enzymes to help them function. c. They can act as antioxidants. d. Too little or too much of a vitamin can be harmful.

13. Which of the following is not true of vitamins?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Vitamins and minerals a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K

14. The body is unable to store which of the following vitamins?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 539 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

15. The condition scurvy results from a lack of vitamin a. A. b. E. c. C. d. K.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 539 TOP: Vitamins and minerals a. They are inorganic substances. b. They are as important as vitamins. c. They assist in the function of enzymes. d. Unlike vitamins, large amounts of minerals are not harmful.

16. Which statement about minerals is untrue?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals a. Not digesting a meal b. Being asleep c. Being in a comfortably warm room d. All of the above are basal conditions.

17. Which of the following is not part of basal conditions?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates a. The BMR must be lower than the TMR. b. The TMR must be lower than the BMR. c. Consistent caloric intake above the BMR will cause a gain in weight. d. Both A and C are true.

18. Which of the following statements is true?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 541

TOP: Metabolic rates

19. The condition that results from a diet that is sufficient in calories but deficient in protein is called a. anorexia nervosa. b. marasmus. c. kwashiorkor. d. bulimia.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders a. Evaporation b. Radiation c. Convection d. Conduction

20. Which type of heat loss is the flow of heat waves away from the body?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature a. Evaporation b. Radiation c. Convection d. Conduction

21. Which type of heat loss occurs when liquid water turns to water vapor?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature a. Evaporation b. Radiation c. Convection d. Conduction

22. Which type of heat loss occurs when body heat is used to heat the air flowing away from the skin?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature a. Reducing blood flow to the skin b. Shivering c. Increasing the level or metabolism-stimulating hormone d. All of the above are methods to conserve heat.

23. Which of the following is a method used by the body to conserve or generate heat?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 545 TOP: Body temperature a. Malignant hyperthermia b. Heat exhaustion c. Fever d. Hypothermia

24. Which of the following is a rise in body temperature that is used to help the immune system fight a pathogen?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 545 TOP: Body temperature a. Malignant hyperthermia b. Heat exhaustion c. Fever d. Hypothermia

25. Which is an inherited condition that causes a rise in body temperature in response to some types of anesthesia?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 545-546 TOP: Body temperature a. Catabolism releases energy. b. It is part of metabolism. c. It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules. d. All of the above are true of catabolism.

26. Which of the following is not true of catabolism?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction a. Anabolism releases energy. b. It is part of metabolism. c. It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules. d. All of the above are true of anabolism.

27. Which of the following is not true of anabolism?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction a. It contains an adenosine group. b. It stores energy for the body. c. It can be used by the cell directly for energy. d. All of the above are true of ATP.

28. Which of the following is not true of ATP?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 535-536 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

MATCHING a. Glycolysis b. Glycogenesis c. Catabolism d. Mineral e. ATP f. Assimilation g. TMR h. Citric acid cycle i. Anabolism j. Glucose k. Electron transport chain l. BMR m. Vitamin

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.

1. The second process of glucose catabolism; it occurs in the mitochondria and uses oxygen

2. The number of calories needed per hour to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortable

3. The food the cell would prefer to use for energy

4. The process of glucose anabolism

5. Term that refers to food entering the cell and undergoing many chemical changes

6. An inorganic substance that attaches to enzymes and helps them function

7. The last process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP

8. Substance the body uses as its source of immediate energy

9. An organic substance that attaches to enzymes and helps them function

10. The first process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the cytoplasm and does not use oxygen

11. Process used to release energy from food

12. The total amount of energy used by the body per day

13. Process that builds simple food molecules into more complex compounds

1. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

2. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates

3. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 536 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

7. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

8. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

9. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

12. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates

13. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction a. Vitamin D (calciferol) b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin B12 d. Vitamin E (tocopherol) e. Vitamin B3 f. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) g. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.

14. Helps in the manufacture of collagen fibers

15. Helps maintain epithelial tissue and produces visual pigments

16. Protects cell membranes from being catabolized

17. Aids in calcium absorption

18. Involved in blood production and other processes

19. Helps enzymes in the citric acid cycle

20. Helps enzymes that catabolize amino acids

14. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

18. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

19. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

20. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals a. Malignant hyperthermia b. Heat exhaustion c. Hyperthermia d. Scurvy e. Marasmus f. Heatstroke g. Bulimia h. Fever i. Kwashiorkor j. Anorexia nervosa

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.

21. A serious condition in which the body is unable to maintain normal body temperature in a very warm environment; body temperature can rise to dangerous levels

22. Results from too little vitamin C

23. Results from a diet that has enough calories but too little protein

24. An inherited condition that causes an increase in body temperature in response to certain anesthetics

25. A behavioral disorder characterized by a chronic refusal to eat, often because of an abnormal fear of becoming obese

26. Condition that occurs when the body loses a large amount of fluid resulting from heat-loss mechanisms in warm conditions; normal body temperature is usually maintained

27. Results from an insufficient intake of both protein and calories

28. The inability to maintain normal body temperatures in very cold environmental conditions; characterized by a body temperature lower than 95° F

29. A behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food followed by periods of self-deprivation

30. An abnormally high body temperature brought about by a systemic inflammation response

21. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature

22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 539 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

23. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 545-546 TOP: Body temperature

25. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 543 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature

27. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 543 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature

29. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 543 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

30. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 545 TOP: Body temperature

Short Answer

1. Define and give examples of the processes of anabolism and catabolism.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

2. List the functions of the liver. Which of these are specifically related to nutrition and metabolism?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

3. Explain the role of the hepatic portal system in helping to maintain a constant source of nutrients for the body.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

4. Explain the process of glycolysis. Include the starting substance, the end products, and where it occurs.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

5. Explain the citric acid cycle. Include the starting substance, the end products, and where it occurs.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

6. What occurs in the electron transport chain?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 535

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

7. Defend the statement that the catabolism of all food substances has the goal of reattaching a phosphate group to ADP.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 535-536

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

8. Explain the process of glucose anabolism. Where does it occur?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 537

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

9. What is the result of fat anabolism?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 537-538

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

10. Explain what is meant by a nonessential amino acid. How can nonessential amino acids be obtained?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 538

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

11. Explain how a diet that is low in carbohydrates would reduce the amount of fat in the body.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 537

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

12. What are vitamins, and what is their function in the body?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 538-539

TOP: Vitamins and minerals

13. Name and give the function of four vitamins needed by the body.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 540

TOP: Vitamins and minerals

14. What are minerals, and what is their function in the body?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

15. Name and give the function of four minerals needed by the body.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 541 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

16. What is the BMR? What is meant by basal conditions?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 541

TOP: Metabolic rates

17. If a person’s TMR is 2,400 calories, would the BMR be more or less than this? Explain your answer.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates

18. Describe anorexia nervosa. Who is most at risk and how is it treated?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 543

TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

19. Explain the cycle of bulimia. What harmful consequences can result from bulimia?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 543

TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

20. What is obesity? List the conditions for which obesity is a risk factor.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 543

TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

21. Explain the protein-calorie malnutrition conditions marasmus and kwashiorkor.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 543-544

TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

22. List and explain the four ways that heat is lost from the body.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 544

TOP: Body temperature

23. Why is sweating an inefficient way of cooling the body in a humid environment?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature

24. Explain the four conditions that occur when body temperature rises or there is a problem associated with the heat-loss mechanisms.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 545-546

TOP: Body temperature

25. Explain the two conditions that occur when the body is unable to keep itself sufficiently warm.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 546

TOP: Body temperature

TRUE/FALSE

1. The way the body uses food is one definition for metabolism.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

2. The end products of catabolism are simpler molecules than the original reactants.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 533

TOP: Introduction

3. The end products of anabolism are simpler molecules than the original reactants.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 533

TOP: Introduction

4. Bile is made in the liver and breaks down fat to glycerol and fatty acids.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

5. The liver makes the plasma proteins albumin and fibrinogen, both of which are important in blood clot formation.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

6. The liver makes the plasma protein albumin, which helps maintain blood volume.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

7. The liver is able to store the fat-soluble vitamins A and E.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

8. The three consecutive phases of glucose metabolism are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

9. Glucose is the cell’s first choice of energy because it can be used directly by the cell.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

10. The starting substance for glycolysis is glucose; the end product is carbon dioxide.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

11. The end product of glycolysis is the starting substance of the citric acid cycle.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

12. Of the three chemical processes in glucose catabolism, only glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

13. Of the three chemical processes in glucose catabolism, only glycolysis requires oxygen.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

14. In most people, glucose catabolism occurs more often than glucose anabolism.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

15. One of the end products of the electron transport system is ATP.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

16. The ATP molecule is used as a direct source of energy.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

17. ADP has fewer phosphates than ATP, but it contains more energy.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 536

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

18. Glycogenesis is an anabolic process that forms glucose.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 536

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

19. The main function of the electron transport chain is to supply energy for the reattachment of the third phosphate onto ADP.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 536

TOP: Nutrient metabolism

20. Insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas, is the only hormone that reduces the level of glucose in the blood.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 537 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

21. Glucagon, a hormone made in the pancreas, is the only hormone that increases the level of glucose in the blood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 537 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

22. The primary function of fat in the body is to be catabolized for energy.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 537-538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

23. Adipose tissue results from the anabolism of fat.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

24. In most people, protein anabolism occurs at a greater rate than protein catabolism.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

25. Nonessential amino acids are not needed by the body because they are not used to build human proteins.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

26. The reason nonessential amino acids do not need to be in the diet is because other substances can be converted to the nonessential amino acids.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

27. Nonessential amino acids are needed by the body as much as essential amino acids.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 538 TOP: Nutrient metabolism

28. One difference between vitamins and minerals is that vitamins are organic compounds and minerals are inorganic compounds.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 | p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

29. One difference between vitamins and minerals is that vitamins attach to enzymes and minerals attach to cell membrane receptors.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 538 | p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

30. The body can store the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 539 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

31. Scurvy results from a lack of vitamin K.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 539 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

32. Minerals are helpful in maintaining good health, but they are not as necessary as vitamins.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 540 TOP: Vitamins and minerals

33. The basal condition assumes that a person is awake, has not just eaten, and is in an environment with a comfortable temperature.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates

34. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is always less than the total metabolic rate (TMR).

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 541 TOP: Metabolic rates

35. A person who consistently has a caloric intake greater than his or her BMR will gain weight.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 541

TOP: Metabolic rates

36. Both too little thyroid hormone and too much thyroid hormone have a profound impact on a person’s BMR.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 542

TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

37. Both marasmus and kwashiorkor result from an insufficient number of calories in the diet.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 543-544 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

38. A person can be eating a sufficient amount of food and still suffer from kwashiorkor.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

39. A person can be eating a sufficient amount of food and still suffer from marasmus.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 543 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

40. About 40% of the energy released from food is converted to heat.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature

41. The flow of heat waves away from the body defines conduction.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature

42. The transfer of heat energy to the air that is flowing away from the body defines convection.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature

43. An environment that has very high humidity would interfere with evaporative cooling.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 544 TOP: Body temperature

44. Because fever is always harmful to the body, every effort should be made to immediately reduce the fever to normal body temperature.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 545 TOP: Body temperature

45. A person who has never had surgery has a low risk of malignant hyperthermia.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature

46. Even though they are not used for energy or structure, vitamins and minerals are required for proper nutrition.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

47. One end product of the anabolic process is energy release.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

48. Assimilation occurs when food moves out of the digestive tract and into the blood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 533 TOP: Introduction

49. The function of bile is mechanical digestion of fat rather than chemical digestion.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

50. By the time blood from the digestive organs reaches the liver, it has already been through one capillary bed.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 534 TOP: Metabolic functions of the liver

51. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

52. Most of the energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

53. One function of ATP is to store energy for the body.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 535 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

54. Glucose anabolism is called glycolysis.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 536 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

55. The hypersecretion of insulin by the pancreas can lead to diabetes mellitus.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 537

TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

56. The secretion of too little insulin can lead to hyperglycemia.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 537 TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

57. If a person had a blood glucose level of 95 mg/100 mL of blood, it would indicate that too little insulin was being secreted by the pancreas.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 537

TOP: Carbohydrate metabolism

58. Hypervitaminosis is much more likely to occur with fat-soluble vitamins than with watersoluble vitamins.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 539

TOP: Vitamins and minerals

59. Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia are classified as behavioral disorders.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 543 TOP: Metabolic and eating disorders

60. Heatstroke and heat exhaustion are equally severe conditions.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature

61. The condition in which damage to tissue results from the formation of ice crystals is called hyperthermia.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 546 TOP: Body temperature