Chapter 20: Urinary System

Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

a. Removing waste products from the blood b. Maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in the blood c. Maintaining the proper pH level of the blood d. All of the above are functions of the urinary system.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 555

TOP: Introduction a. The right kidney is slightly higher than the left kidney. b. The kidneys are outside the peritoneal cavity. c. The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of fat. d. All of the above are true statements.

2. Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40%

3. To properly clean the blood, the kidneys must receive how much of the blood pumped by the heart?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

4. The outermost layer of the kidney is called the a. renal pelvis. b. renal medulla. c. renal cortex. d. calyx.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

5. The inner portion of the kidney is called the a. renal pelvis. b. renal medulla. c. renal cortex. d. calyx.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Renal pelvis b. Renal medulla c. Renal cortex d. Calyx

6. Which of the following parts of the kidney is actually an expansion of the upper end of the ureter?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Renal pelvis b. Renal medulla c. Renal cortex d. Calyx

7. The papilla of the renal pyramids opens into which of the following structures?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Bowman capsule b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Loop of Henle

8. Which of the following is one of the structures in the renal corpuscle?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Glomerulus b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Collecting duct

9. Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Glomerulus b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Loop of Henle

10. Which of the following structures drains into the collecting duct?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 558 TOP: Kidneys a. Glomerulus b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Bowman capsule d. Loop of Henle

11. Which structure is included in the discussion of the urinary system even though it is part of the circulatory system?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 557

TOP: Kidneys

12. The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys releases an enzyme a. called antidiuretic hormone. b. that dilates blood vessels. c. that constricts blood vessels. d. that increases the absorption of sodium from the filtrate.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 560 TOP: Renal physiology

13. Glycosuria is a failure in a. filtration. b. reabsorption. c. secretion. d. micturition.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

14. The process that moves blood plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule is called a. filtration. b. reabsorption. c. secretion. d. micturition.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 560

TOP: Formation of urine a. Filtration b. Reabsorption c. Secretion d. Micturition

15. Substances are added to the urine in the distal and collecting tubules through what process?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 562 TOP: Formation of urine

16. The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called a. filtration. b. reabsorption. c. secretion. d. micturition.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 561 TOP: Formation of urine a. Antidiuretic hormone b. Aldosterone c. Atrial natriuretic hormone d. Both A and B

17. Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 563

TOP: Formation of urine a. Antidiuretic hormone b. Aldosterone c. Atrial natriuretic hormone d. Both A and B

18. Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

19. The tube that carries urine out of the kidney is called the a. urethra. b. collecting tube. c. ureter. d. bladder.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

20. The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the a. urethra. b. collecting tube. c. trigone. d. ureter.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urethra

21. The process by which urine is passed out of the body is called a. urination. b. voiding. c. micturition. d. all of the above.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition a. Urinary retention b. Urinary suppression c. Incontinence d. Enuresis

22. Which condition occurs when the kidneys are no longer producing urine?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition a. Urinary retention b. Urinary suppression c. Incontinence d. Enuresis

23. What condition occurs when the kidneys produce urine but the bladder cannot empty the urine?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition a. Urinary retention b. Urinary suppression c. Incontinence d. Enuresis

24. Which of the following conditions can be treated by the insertion of a urinary catheter?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition a. Cystitis b. Pyelonephritis c. Renal calculi d. Urethritis

25. Which of the following is considered an obstructive disorder of the urinary system?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders a. Cystitis b. Pyelonephritis c. Urethritis d. Renal calculi

26. Which condition refers to an inflammation of the bladder?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 569 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders a. Renal columns b. Renal papillae c. Renal pelvis d. Calyces

27. Which of the following are extensions of the cortical tissue that dip down into the medulla between the renal pyramids?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. Bowman capsule b. Loop of Henle c. Glomerulus d. Renal corpuscle

28. Which structure is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys a. It is secreted by the kidneys. b. It stimulates the formation of red blood cells. c. It acts on the blood-forming tissue of the spleen. d. All of the above are true of erythropoietin.

29. Which of the following is not true of erythropoietin?

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 560 TOP: Function

30. Filtration occurs in a. the renal corpuscle. b. the loop of Henle. c. the collecting duct. d. all parts of the kidney.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 560

TOP: Formation of urine

31. The hormone ADH is released from the a. kidney. b. hypothalamus. c. adrenal cortex. d. pituitary gland.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Control of urine volume a. It is initiated by the kidney. b. It stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. c. It causes constriction of blood vessels. d. All of the above are true of RAAS.

32. Which of the following is not true of RAAS?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Control of urine volume

MATCHING a. Calyx b. Urinary bladder c. Bowman capsule d. Loop of Henle e. Renal cortex f. Collecting tubule g. Proximal convoluted tubule h. Renal medulla i. Ureters j. Renal pyramids k. Juxtaglomerular apparatus l. Glomerulus m. Urethra n. Distal convoluted tubule o. Renal pelvis

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.

1. Tubes that connect the kidney and the urinary bladder

2. A cup-shaped structure that catches the filtrate in the nephron

3. Formed by the tubules of a number of different nephrons; the last tubule in the nephron

4. The inner portion of the kidney

5. The outer portion of the kidney

6. Triangular-shaped structures in the inner portion of the kidney

7. Part of the nephron that lies between the distal and proximal convoluted tubules

8. The blood vessel in the Bowman capsule

9. A muscular sac that stores urine until it is released from the body

10. An extension of the ureters into the kidney

11. The first of the tubules in the nephron

12. Tube that carries urine out of the body

13. Tube that drains into the collecting tubule

14. Structure into which the papilla of the pyramids of the kidney opens

15. Structure that releases hormones that can cause constriction of blood vessels and raise blood pressure

1. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 558 TOP: Kidneys

4. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

5. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

6. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 557-558 TOP: Kidneys

8. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

9. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urinary bladder

10. ANS: O PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

11. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

12. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urethra

13. ANS: N PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 558 TOP: Kidneys

14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

15. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 559-560 TOP: Kidneys a. Secretion b. Polyuria c. Filtration d. ADH e. Oliguria f. Uremia g. ANH h. Reabsorption i. Micturition

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.

16. Actions of this hormone result in the production of a smaller volume of urine

17. Refers to the production of a large amount of urine

18. The movement of material from the blood to the urine in the distal convoluted or collecting tubules

19. The production of a small amount of urine

20. Another term for urination or voiding

21. Moves water and dissolved substances out of the blood and into the Bowman capsule

22. The accumulation of toxic substances in the blood from the catabolism of food; functioning kidneys prevent this from happening

23. Actions of this hormone result is an increase in the amount of urine

24. The moving of substances out of the tubules of the nephron back into the blood

16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

17. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 562 TOP: Formation of urine

19. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

20. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition

21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 560 TOP: Formation of urine

22. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 555 TOP: Introduction

23. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

24. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 561 TOP: Formation of urine a. Renal calculi b. Nephrotic syndrome c. Cystitis d. Urinary retention e. Glycosuria f. Hydronephrosis g. Urinary suppression h. Glomerulonephritis i. Incontinence j. Nephritis

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.

25. Symptoms of this condition result from the loss of protein from the blood

26. Refers to kidney disease, especially inflammatory conditions

27. Refers to the lack of production of urine by the kidney

28. Occurs when there is glucose in the urine; a sign of diabetes mellitus

29. Describes a bladder infection

30. Results from damage to the glomerular-capsular membrane; can be caused by an immune mechanism, heredity, or a bacterial infection

31. Another term for kidney stones

32. Describes pathological swelling or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by blockage of the urine outflow

33. Occurs when the kidneys produce urine but the bladder is unable to release it

34. Refers to the involuntary voiding or loss of urine in an older child or adult

25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

26. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

27. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition

28. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 562 TOP: Formation of urine

29. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 565 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

30. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

32. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

33. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition

34. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition

Short Answer

1. Define uremia, and explain how it occurs.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 555

TOP: Introduction

2. Describe the location of the kidneys, and explain the ways in which the kidneys are protected.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

3. Explain why kidney surgery is less likely to cause peritonitis than is stomach surgery.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

4. List and describe the internal structures of the kidney.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 557

TOP: Kidneys

5. List and describe the microscopic structures of the nephron. Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 557-558

TOP: Kidneys

6. What are the physical and functional differences between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 558-559 TOP: Kidneys

7. Explain the functions of the kidneys. What substances do the kidneys help regulate?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 559-560

TOP: Kidneys

8. Explain how the juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain proper blood flow to the kidney.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 559-560 TOP: Kidneys

9. Explain the process of filtration in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in filtration?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 560-561

TOP: Formation of urine

10. Explain the process of reabsorption in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in reabsorption?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 561-562

TOP: Formation of urine

11. Explain the process of secretion in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in secretion?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

12. Name the hormones that affect urine production. Give the function and source of each.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 563

TOP: Formation of urine

13. If a person is becoming dehydrated, would that person’s blood have high levels of ADH or ANH? Explain your answer.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 563

TOP: Formation of urine

14. Describe the structure and function of the ureters.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

15. What is urinalysis? What conditions can be detected by the physical examination of urine, the chemical examination of urine, and the microscopic examination of urine?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 567 TOP: Ureters

16. Describe the structure and function of the urinary bladder.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 565 TOP: Urinary bladder

17. Describe the structure and function of the urethra. Explain the differences between the male and female urethra.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 565 TOP: Urethra

18. Explain the process of micturition.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition

19. Explain why the insertion of a urinary catheter would be an ineffective treatment for urinary suppression.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition

20. Define incontinence. Name and explain three types of incontinence.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 566-567 TOP: Micturition

21. What is hydronephrosis, and what are some of its causes?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 567

TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

22. What is cystitis? Explain how a person’s gender affects the risk of developing cystitis.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 569-570

TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

23. What is pyelonephritis? Explain the difference between the acute and chronic form.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

24. Explain the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. How are all of these symptoms related to the loss of protein from the blood?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

25. What is glomerulonephritis?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 570-571 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

26. Describe the three stages in chronic renal failure.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 573 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

27. What is erythropoietin? What stimulates its release, and what effect does it have on the body?

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 560 TOP: Kidneys

28. What is RAAS? Explain how it functions.

ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 563 TOP: Control of urine volume

TRUE/FALSE

1. The regulation of blood pH is an important function of the urinary system.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 555 TOP: Introduction

2. The kidneys are protected by the lower part of the rib cage and the muscles of the back.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

3. The kidneys are protected by the parietal peritoneum and a heavy layer of fat.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

4. Because of the location of the kidneys, there is less risk of peritonitis after kidney surgery than there is after stomach surgery.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 556

TOP: Kidneys

5. The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal medulla.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

6. Even though they are often considered to be part of the structure of the kidney, the renal pyramids are actually part of the ureters.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

7. The calyces drain urine from the renal pyramids into the pelvis of the kidney.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 558

TOP: Kidneys

8. The order in which filtrate flows through the nephron is the Bowman capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and the collecting tubule.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 557-558

TOP: Kidneys

9. Even though it is included as part of the nephron, the glomerulus is actually part of the circulatory system.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 557

TOP: Kidneys

10. The loop of Henle separates the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 557-558 TOP: Kidneys

11. Both the glomerulus and the loop of Henle make up the renal corpuscle.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 557-558 TOP: Kidneys

12. The collecting tubules of most nephrons remain within the renal cortex, but the collecting tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons dip deeply into the renal medulla.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 558-559 TOP: Kidneys

13. The catabolism of carbohydrates can cause nitrogen wastes to accumulate in the blood. If the kidneys do not clear these wastes, they can quickly reach toxic levels.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 559 TOP: Kidneys

14. The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases a hormone that helps the body regulate the pH of the blood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 559-560 TOP: Kidneys

15. The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 559-560 TOP: Kidneys

16. Filtration occurs only in the renal corpuscle.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 560

TOP: Formation of urine

17. Reabsorption and secretion occur only in the tubules of the nephron.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 561 | p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

18. The amount of fluid reabsorbed is only slightly less than the amount of fluid filtered.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 561 TOP: Formation of urine

19. The function of reabsorption is to move the filtrate back to the peritubular capillaries.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 561

TOP: Formation of urine

20. A failure in reabsorption causes glycosuria.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

21. Both active and passive mechanisms are used to move materials from the nephron back to the blood.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 561

TOP: Formation of urine

22. The amount of filtrate can never be more than the amount reabsorbed.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 561

TOP: Formation of urine

23. The processes of filtration and secretion both move material into the nephron.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 560 | p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

24. Both ADH and aldosterone tend to reduce the amount of urine produced.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

25. Both ADH and aldosterone tend to decrease the amount of material reabsorbed back into the blood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 563

TOP: Formation of urine

26. ADH and ANH have opposite effects on the amount of urine produced.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 563

TOP: Formation of urine

27. The adrenal gland produces both ADH and aldosterone.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

28. ANH is a unique hormone because it is produced by the heart.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

29. Someone with anuria produces more urine than someone with oliguria.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

30. Someone with polyuria produces more urine than someone with oliguria.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 563 TOP: Formation of urine

31. Ureters are tubes connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

32. Gravity moves urine through the ureters.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

33. Renal colic results from a streptococcal infection of the urinary tract.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 564 TOP: Ureters

34. Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Ureters

35. Chemical analysis is used to determine whether there are casts in the urine.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Ureters

36. Urinalysis can sometimes be used to detect inborn errors of metabolism.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Ureters

37. Urinalysis can be used to help diagnose diabetes mellitus.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 572 TOP: Ureters

38. A full bladder contains folds in its wall called rugae.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urinary bladder

39. The trigone consists of three openings: two leaving the bladder and one entering the bladder.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 565

TOP: Urinary bladder

40. The urethra is the last part of the urinary system.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 565

TOP: Urethra

41. The urethra in the female is about half as long as the urethra in the male.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urethra

42. In the male, the urethra is part of two systems: the urinary system and the reproductive system.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Urethra

43. Micturition and voiding mean the same thing.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition

44. The voluntary internal urethral sphincter and the involuntary external urethral sphincter regulate urination.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition

45. The adult bladder can hold more than 300 mL of urine.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 565 TOP: Micturition

46. Urinary suppression is a kidney problem, whereas urinary retention is more of a bladder problem.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 566

TOP: Micturition

47. The emptying reflex causes contraction of the muscle of the bladder and relaxation of the two sphincter muscles.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 566 TOP: Micturition

48. Renal calculi are considered an obstructive disorder.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

49. Renal calculi can cause both renal colic and hydronephrosis.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

50. Bladder cancer is much more common than kidney cancer.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

51. Tumors in the kidney are very rare and are almost always benign.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 567 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

52. Pyelonephritis is a general term referring to kidney disease, especially inflammatory conditions.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

53. All the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are caused by the loss of protein in the blood.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

54. Glomerulonephritis usually occurs several weeks after a systemic viral infection and is caused by a delayed immune response.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 570 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

55. In chronic renal failure, the first two stages have no symptoms.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 573 TOP: Renal and urinary disorders

56. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethras, one bladder, and one ureter.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 555 TOP: Introduction

57. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

58. Normally, more than 30% of the total blood pumped by the heart each minute enters the kidneys.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 556 TOP: Kidneys

59. Extensions of cortical tissue that dip down into the medulla between the renal pyramids are called the renal papillae.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

60. The calyces are the narrow, innermost ends of the pyramids.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Kidneys

61. The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 557 TOP: Microscopic structure

62. Besides the excretion of waste products, the kidneys help regulate blood levels of chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 559 TOP: Function

63. One function of erythropoietin is to help reduce the amount of oxygen carried by the blood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 560 TOP: Function

64. Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 560 TOP: Function

65. Secretion can be defined as the movement of water and dissolved substances out of the blood and into the Bowman capsule.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 562 TOP: Formation of urine

66. Reabsorption and secretion move material in opposite directions.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 562

TOP: Formation of urine

67. The juxtaglomerular cells release the enzyme angiotensin to initiate the RAAS.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Control of urine volume

68. The end result of the RAAS is constriction of blood vessels and the secretion of aldosterone.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 563 TOP: Control of urine volume