18 minute read
Chapter 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases
Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition
Multiple Choice
1. During cell division, each replicated strand of chromatin coils to form a compact mass called a a. gene. b. messenger RNA. c. chromosome. d. both A and C.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
2. The final product of a gene is a a. chromatin strand. b. protein. c. messenger RNA molecule. d. chromosome.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
3. The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the a. genome. b. karyotype. c. chromosomes. d. both B and C.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes a. 100,000 b. 75,000 c. 50,000 d. 20,000
4. The human genome contains about how many genes?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes a. l b. p c. q d. s
5. The shorter segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes a. l b. p c. q d. s
6. The longer segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
7. The structure that divides the chromosome into longer and shorter segments is called the a. centromere. b. genome. c. mitochondria. d. centrioles.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 680
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
8. The process by which gametes have their chromosome number reduced by half is called a. mitosis. b. crossing-over. c. meiosis. d. linkage.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
9. A mechanism that helps ensure genetic variation is a. sperm cells not sharing the same genome. b. egg cells not sharing the same genome. c. crossing-over. d. all of the above.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 681-682
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
10. If both the mother and father are carriers for albinism, the probability that their offspring will be albino is a. 0%. b. 25%. c. 50%. d. 100%.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 682-683
TOP: Gene expression | Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
11. The mother is a carrier for albinism and the father has two dominant genes for normal skin color. The probability that their offspring will be albino is a. 0%. b. 25%. c. 50%. d. 100%.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 682
TOP: Gene expression | Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
12. If both the mother and father are albino, the probability that their offspring will be albino is a. 0%. b. 25%. c. 50%. d. 100%.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 682-683
TOP: Gene expression | Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases a. 25% of their daughters will be color-blind b. 50% of their daughters will be color-blind c. 25% of their sons will be color-blind d. 50% of their sons will be color-blind
13. A mother who is a carrier for red-green color-blindness and a father with normal vision will produce which of the following offspring?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression a. 100% of the sons will be color-blind b. 50% of the sons will be color-blind c. 100% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness d. 50% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness
14. A mother with normal vision (not a carrier for color-blindness) and a father who is colorblind will produce which of the following offspring?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression | Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases a. Radiation b. Virus c. Chemicals d. All of the above can be genetic mutagens.
15. Which of the following can be a genetic mutagen?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression a. 45 b. 46 c. 47 d. 48
16. A person with trisomy has _____ chromosomes.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 688
TOP: Genetic diseases a. 45 b. 46 c. 47 d. 48
17. A person with monosomy has _____ chromosomes.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 690
TOP: Genetic diseases a. Down syndrome b. Turner syndrome c. Klinefelter syndrome d. Both A and C
18. Which of the following conditions results from trisomy?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 688
TOP: Genetic diseases a. Down syndrome b. Turner syndrome c. Klinefelter syndrome d. Both A and C
19. Which of the following conditions results from monosomy?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 689
TOP: Genetic diseases a. Pedigree b. Karyotype c. Punnett square d. Plasmid
20. Which of the following is a photograph of chromosomes that are cut out and pasted onto a chart and used to detect chromosomal disorders?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 690-691 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases a. Pedigree b. Karyotype c. Punnett square d. Plasmid
21. Which of the following is a grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases a. Pedigree b. Karyotype c. Punnett square d. Plasmid
22. Which of the following is a chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases a. A sequence of DNA nucleotide bases b. Used to transcribe a specific mRNA molecule c. Used to determine the structure of regulatory enzymes for the cell d. All of the above describe a gene.
23. Which of the following does not describe a gene?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes a. Less than 2% b. Close to 5% c. About 10% d. More than 25%
24. What percent of DNA carries functional genes?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: The human genome a. Genome b. Pseudogene c. Genomic d. Proteome
25. Which of the following terms describes a noncoding part of DNA that may be a fragmented or a nonfunctional gene?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: The human genome a. Tay-Sachs disease b. Cystic fibrosis c. Phenylketonuria d. Turner syndrome
26. Which of the following genetic diseases results from a recessive gene that fails to produce an enzyme needed to convert an amino acid into tyrosine?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Single-gene diseases a. Tay-Sachs disease b. Cystic fibrosis c. Phenylketonuria d. Turner syndrome
27. Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by a recessive gene that causes impairment of chloride ion transport across the cell membrane?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Single-gene diseases a. Tay-Sachs disease b. Cystic fibrosis c. Phenylketonuria d. Turner syndrome
28. Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by a recessive gene that fails to make an essential lipid-processing enzyme?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 688 TOP: Single-gene diseases a. A pedigree b. A Punnett square c. A karyotype d. Both A and B would be useful in detecting Turner syndrome.
29. Which of the following would be most useful in detecting Turner syndrome?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 690 TOP: Karyotype
MATCHING a. Proteome b. Crossing-over c. Dominant gene d. Gene e. p-arm f. Trisomy g. Genetics h. Recessive gene i. Genome j. q-arm k. Sex-linked trait l. Genetic mutation m. Monosomy n. Autosome o. Nondisjunction
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
1. Gene that does not get expressed in an individual who is a carrier
2. The shorter segment of a chromosome
3. The scientific study of genetic inheritance
4. The entire collection of genetic material in each cell in the human body
5. The group of proteins encoded by the genes of the human cell
6. A condition in which a cell has only one member of a chromosome pair
7. The discrete unit of DNA that is passed from parent to offspring and carries a genetic trait
8. Gene that expresses itself whenever it is in a cell
9. A process in which parts of chromosomes are exchanged between chromosome pairs during meiosis
10. The longer segment of the chromosome
11. A nonsex chromosome
12. A trait found on the X chromosome
13. Occurs during meiosis and can lead to monosomy or trisomy
14. A change in the genetic material
15. A condition in which a cell has three members of a chromosome pair
1. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 682
TOP: Gene expression
2. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
3. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 679-680 TOP: Genetics and human disease
4. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
6. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Genetic diseases
7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
9. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
10. ANS: J PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
11. ANS: N PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
12. ANS: K PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 683 TOP: Gene expression
13. ANS: O PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 685-686 TOP: Genetic diseases
14. ANS: L PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 684 TOP: Gene expression
15. ANS: F PTS: 0 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 685-686 TOP: Genetic diseases a. Turner syndrome b. Cystic fibrosis c. Down syndrome d. Pedigree e. Single-gene disease f. Klinefelter syndrome g. Karyotype h. Genetic predisposition i. PKU j. Punnett square
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
16. The condition of having a gene that makes it more likely that you will develop a disease
17. Condition that causes the presence of an extra 21st chromosome
18. Condition caused by having a gene that makes a faulty protein that prevents the movement of sodium ions into and out of the cell
19. A chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations
20. A grid used to determine the probability of inheriting genetic traits
21. A photograph of chromosomes that are cut out and pasted onto a chart in pairs according to size
22. Disease that occurs because of the presence of a single gene
23. Condition of people with only a single X chromosome (XO)
24. Condition of people who are missing an enzyme that should convert one amino acid into another
25. Condition of people with XXY chromosomes
16. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 685 TOP: Genetic diseases
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 688-689 TOP: Genetic diseases
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Genetic diseases
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
20. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
21. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
22. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Genetic diseases
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 689 TOP: Genetic diseases
24. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Genetic diseases
25. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 689 TOP: Genetic diseases
Short Answer
1. Explain how genes control the activity of a cell.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 680
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
2. Draw an ideogram of a hypothetical chromosome and label the p-arm and q-arm.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 680-681
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
3. Explain the ways in which genetic variation is increased when passing genetic information on to the next generation.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 681-682
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
4. Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of albinism in offspring from a mother who has normal skin color but carries the albinism trait and a father who is an albino.
ANS:
Fifty percent of the children will be albino; 50% of the children will have normal skin color.
PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 690 | p. 692
TOP: Gene expression
5. Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of sickle cell disease in offspring from a mother and father who both have sickle cell trait.
ANS: 25% normal blood cells, 50% sickle cell trait, and 25% sickle cell anemia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 690 | p. 692
TOP: Gene expression
6. Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of color-blindness in offspring from a mother who is a carrier for color-blindness and a color-blind father.
ANS: 25% color-blind female, 25% color-blind male, 25% carrier female, and 25% normal vision male.
PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 690 | p. 692
TOP: Gene expression
7. What is a genetic mutation? List three possible genetic mutagens.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
8. Which is more likely to stay in a population: a helpful mutation or a harmful mutation? Explain your answer.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
9. Explain the difference between a genetic disease and a genetic predisposition.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 685
TOP: Genetic diseases
10. Explain the cause and symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 686
TOP: Genetic diseases
11. Explain the cause of and treatment for PKU.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 686-688
TOP: Genetic diseases
12. Explain the cause and symptoms of Down syndrome.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 688-689
TOP: Genetic diseases
13. Explain the cause and symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 689
TOP: Genetic diseases
14. Explain the cause and symptoms of Turner syndrome.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 689
TOP: Genetic diseases
15. Turner syndrome is caused by monosomy of the sex chromosome XO. Why is there no corresponding condition for monosomy of the sex chromosome YO?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 689 TOP: Gene expression
16. What is a pedigree? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 690
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
17. What is a Punnett square? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 690
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
18. What is a karyotype? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 690-691
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
19. Explain the difference between gene replacement therapy and gene augmentation therapy.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 692-693
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
20. Explain the methods used by gene therapists to insert genetic material into a patient’s body.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 692-693
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
21. Evaluate the current success of gene therapy.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 692-693
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
22. Define or describe what is meant by a pseudogene.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 680 TOP: The human genome
TRUE/FALSE
1. The scientific study of inheritance is called genetics.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 679-680 TOP: Genetics and human disease
2. Another term for a chromatin strand is a gene.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
3. The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete independent units called genes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
4. The first step in gene expression is the formation of a molecule of mRNA.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
5. All DNA in a human cell is found in the nucleus.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
6. The entire collection of genetic material in a cell is called the genome.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
7. The final step in gene expression is frequently an enzyme.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
8. The human genome contains about 100,000 genes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
9. Only slightly more than 25% of the genetic material contains functional genes; the other 75% is filler.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
10. The study of the proteins that are made by the human genome is called proteomics.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
11. An ideogram is a drawing of a chromosome.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
12. The p-arm is the long segment of the chromosome.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
13. The q-arm is the long segment of the chromosome.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
14. The p-arm and q-arm are determined by the location of the centromere.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 680
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
15. A gene can be reduced to a sequence of DNA nucleotides.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 680
TOP: Chromosomes and genes
16. Sperm from the same father will always carry the same set of chromosomes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 681 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
17. Ova from the same mother will always carry the same set of chromosomes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 681 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
18. Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes each.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 681 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
19. The exchange of genetic material between pairs of autosomes is called crossing-over.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
20. The process of crossing-over helps prevent genetic variation in the offspring.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
21. Two genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be linked.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
22. The human genome contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 681 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
23. A dominant gene will prevent the recessive gene from being expressed.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 682 TOP: Gene expression
24. A recessive trait on an autosome will be expressed only if both chromosomes have a recessive gene.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 682
TOP: Gene expression
25. Two albino parents will have all albino children.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 682-683
TOP: Gene expression
26. An albino father and a mother with normal skin color who carries the gene for albinism have the probability of having 25% of their offspring be albino.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 682-683
TOP: Gene expression
27. A father and mother who both have normal skin color but carry the gene for albinism will have only offspring with normal skin color.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 682-683
TOP: Gene expression
28. A person with one dominant gene for normal skin color and one gene for albinism will look the same as a person with two dominant genes for normal skin color.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 682
TOP: Gene expression
29. Because sickle cell anemia is a codominant trait, people who have one gene for sickle cell anemia are different from people with two genes for normal blood.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 683
TOP: Gene expression
30. Because the father has both X and Y chromosomes, it is his gamete rather than the mother’s that determines the sex of the offspring.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 683
TOP: Gene expression
31. A recessive trait carried on the X chromosome acts like a dominant trait in a male offspring.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
32. A color-blind mother and a normal vision father will have both sons and daughters who are color-blind.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
33. A color-blind father and a normal vision mother who did not carry the gene for colorblindness will have 50% of the sons color-blind and 100% of the daughters as carriers for color-blindness.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
34. A mother who is a carrier of the color-blind trait and a father with normal color vision will pass on color-blindness to 50% of their sons.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 684
TOP: Gene expression
35. The terms sex-linked and X-linked trait mean the same thing.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 683-684 TOP: Gene expression
36. A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA code.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 684 TOP: Gene expression
37. All mutations are harmful to the organism.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 684 TOP: Gene expression
38. A mutagen is an agent that causes a mutation.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 684 TOP: Gene expression
39. Monosomy and trisomy are considered a genetic predisposition for disease.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 685-686 TOP: Genetic diseases
40. Both monosomy and trisomy result from nondisjunction.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 685-686 TOP: Genetic diseases
41. The term genetic disease means the same thing as genetic predisposition
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 685 TOP: Genetic diseases
42. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a dominant gene that prevents the proper movement of sodium into and out of the cell.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 686 TOP: Genetic diseases
43. PKU can be managed by careful dietary restrictions of certain amino acids.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 687 TOP: Genetic diseases
44. Down syndrome results from nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 688-689 TOP: Genetic diseases
45. People with Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome have at least 47 chromosomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 688-689 TOP: Genetic diseases
46. People with Down syndrome and Turner syndrome have at least 47 chromosomes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 688-689 TOP: Genetic diseases
47. A photograph of chromosomes that have been cut out and pasted onto a chart in pairs according to size is called a pedigree.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
48. A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a pedigree.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
49. A grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait is called a pedigree.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 690 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
50. A karyotype can be used to detect Down syndrome.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 689-690
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
51. A Punnett square can be used to determine the probability of two carriers of albinism having an albino offspring.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 690
TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
52. Viruses and bacterial plasmids have been used to get genetic material into the cell to treat genetic diseases.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 692 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
53. Adenosine deaminase deficiency and cystic fibrosis have been successfully cured with gene therapy.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 693 TOP: Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases
54. A person can inherit genetic diseases and genetic risk factors.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: Genetics and human disease
55. When DNA is in its chromosome form, transcription cannot occur.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 680 TOP: Chromosomes and genes
56. Fragments of formerly functioning genes in the DNA are called genomics.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 680 TOP: The human genome
57. If a creature normally has 32 chromosomes in its cells, the gametes it produces would have 16 chromosomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 681
TOP: Distribution of chromosomes to offspring
58. If both parents have sickle cell trait, none of their offspring can have sickle cell anemia.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 683
TOP: Hereditary traits
