29 minute read
Chapter 23: Reproductive Systems
Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition
Multiple Choice
1. The reproductive cells are called a. ova. b. sperm. c. gametes. d. all of the above.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 618 TOP: Sexual reproduction
2. The essential organ of the male reproductive system is the a. testis. b. prostate gland. c. penis. d. All of the above are essential organs.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
3. Each testis is surrounded by a tough, whitish membrane called the a. scrotum. b. seminiferous tubule. c. tunica albuginea. d. interstitial cells.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
4. The hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is a. testosterone. b. follicle-stimulating hormone. c. luteinizing hormone. d. androgenic hormone.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
5. The function of the acrosome in the sperm is to a. store mitochondria to supply energy to the sperm. b. store enzymes to help break down the covering of the ovum. c. reduce the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23. d. propel the sperm.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 621 TOP: Male reproductive system
6. The function of the midpiece of the sperm is to a. store mitochondria to supply energy to the sperm. b. store enzymes to help break down the covering of the ovum. c. reduce the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23. d. propel the sperm.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 621 TOP: Male reproductive system
7. The function of testosterone is to a. masculinize the male. b. promote and maintain the development of the male accessory organs. c. stimulate protein anabolism. d. All of the above are functions of testosterone.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 621-622 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminiferous tubule b. Ductus deferens c. Ejaculatory duct d. Epididymis
8. Which is a comma-shaped coiled tube structure that lies along the top of and behind the testis?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminiferous tubules b. Ductus deferens c. Ejaculatory duct d. Epididymis
9. Which tube is found in the lobes of the testis and makes up most of the mass of testicular tissue?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminiferous tubules b. Ductus deferens c. Ejaculatory duct d. Epididymis
10. Which tube permits sperm to exit the scrotum and is part of the spermatic cord?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminal vesicle b. Prostate gland c. Bulbourethral gland d. Ejaculatory gland
11. Which gland lies just below the bladder and produces a thin milk-colored fluid that makes up about 30% of the seminal fluid?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminal vesicle b. Prostate gland c. Bulbourethral gland d. Ejaculatory gland
12. Which gland produces a thick, yellowish fluid that contains fructose and makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Seminal vesicle b. Prostate gland c. Bulbourethral gland d. Ejaculatory gland
13. Which gland is also called the Cowper gland and supplies only about 5% of the seminal fluid?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive gland a. It is erectile tissue in the penis. b. It surrounds the urethra. c. There are two columns of corpus spongiosum in the penis. d. All of the above are true of the corpus spongiosum.
14. Which of the following is not true of the corpus spongiosum?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Testis b. Epididymis c. Lower part of the ductus deferens d. All of the above are found in the scrotum.
15. Which of the following is not found in the scrotum?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
16. Oligospermia can cause a. sterility. b. cryptorchidism. c. infertility. d. All of the above conditions can be caused by oligospermia.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
17. The condition in which the testes fail to descend into the scrotum is called a. oligospermia. b. cryptorchidism. c. benign prostatic hypertrophy. d. hypospadias.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system a. Cryptorchidism b. Benign prostatic hypertrophy c. Hypospadias d. Epispadias
18. Which of the following is a condition in which the opening of the urethral meatus is on the dorsal surface of the gland or penile shaft?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
19. Viagra would have its greatest effect on the a. number of sperm cells produced. b. corpus spongiosum and cavernosum. c. amount of testosterone in the blood. d. quantity of seminal fluid produced.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 626
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system | Male reproductive system a. ova; female; sperm; male b. penis; male; vulva; female c. testes; male; ovaries; female d. both A and C
20. The gonads include the _____ in the _____ and the _____ in the _____.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 | p. 627
TOP: Male reproductive system | Female reproductive system
21. A mature ovum in its sac is sometimes called a(n) a. oocyte. b. primary follicle. c. graafian follicle. d. ovarian follicle.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
22. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into the hormone-secreting structure called the a. corpus luteum. b. antrum. c. graafian follicle. d. granulosa cells.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
23. Oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in that in oogenesis a. cells with only 23 chromosomes are formed. b. there is only one functional gamete produced. c. there are four functional gametes produced. d. both A and C.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 628
TOP: Female reproductive system | Male reproductive system a. Development and maturation of the female reproductive organs b. Initiation of the first menstrual cycle c. Appearance of pubic hair and breast development d. All of the above are functions of estrogen.
24. Which of the following is not a function of estrogen?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 629 TOP: Female reproductive system
25. The hormone progesterone a. is produced by the corpus luteum. b. causes the development of the secondary sex characteristics. c. is responsible for the development of the female body contours. d. All of the above are true of progesterone.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 629 TOP: Female reproductive system
26. The muscular layer of the uterus is called the a. endometrium. b. fundus. c. cervix. d. myometrium.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 630-631 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Oviduct b. Fimbriae c. Fallopian tubes d. All of the above are alternate names for the uterine tubes.
27. Which of the following is not another name for the uterine tubes?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
28. The part of the uterus that lies above the point where the uterine tubes attach is called the a. body. b. cervix. c. fundus. d. myometrium.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
29. The narrow, lower part of the uterus is called the a. body. b. cervix. c. fundus. d. myometrium.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system a. It is part of the female external genitalia. b. It receives sperm during intercourse. c. It is the last part of the birth canal. d. All of the above are true of the vagina.
30. Which of the following is not true of the vagina?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 632 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Labia majora b. Labia minora c. Clitoris d. Mons pubis
31. Which of the following structures in the female external genitalia is composed of erectile tissue?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 633 TOP: Female reproductive system
32. The phase of the menstrual cycle that directly follows ovulation is called a. the secretory phase. b. the proliferative phase. c. menses. d. menarche.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
33. The phase of the menstrual cycle that directly precedes ovulation is called a. the secretory phase. b. the proliferative phase. c. menses. d. menarche.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone d. Luteinizing hormone
34. Which of the following is the hormone most responsible for stimulating immature ovarian follicles to start growing?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone d. Luteinizing hormone
35. Which of the following is the hormone most responsible for ovulation?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone d. Both A and B
36. A sharp drop in which of the following hormones causes menstruation?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Female reproductive system
37. The absence of normal menstruation is called a. dysmenorrhea. b. amenorrhea. c. dysfunctional uterine bleeding. d. endometriosis.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
38. An inflammation of the uterine tubes is called a. salpingitis. b. oophoritis. c. vaginitis. d. endometriosis.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system a. It requires only one parent. b. It produces offspring with greater variability. c. It produces offspring that age genetically like the parent. d. All of the above are true of asexual reproduction.
39. Which statement does not describe a characteristic of asexual reproduction?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 617 TOP: Sexual reproduction a. They produce spermatozoa. b. They are passageways that carry sperm to the exterior. c. They are the external reproductive organs. d. All of the above statements describe accessory structures of the male reproductive system.
40. Which of the following statements is not descriptive of the accessory structures of the male reproductive system?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 618 TOP: Male reproductive system
41. Testosterone is secreted by the a. tunica albuginea. b. seminiferous tubules. c. interstitial cells. d. prostate gland.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
42. The sperm precursor cell or stem cell is called the a. spermatogonia. b. primary spermatocyte. c. spermatid. d. spermatozoa.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Testes a. The head of the sperm that contains the nucleus b. The acrosome that contains enzymes c. The midpiece that generates energy d. The cilia, which allow the sperm to swim
43. Which of the following is not part of a sperm cell?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 620-621 TOP: Testes a. It contains secretions of accessory glands. b. It contains gametes. c. It is slightly acidic. d. All of the above are true of seminal fluid.
44. Which of the following is not true of seminal fluid?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Accessory or supportive sex glands a. It is erectile tissue. b. It surrounds the urethra. c. There are two columns of corpus cavernosum in the penis. d. All of the above are true of the corpus cavernosum.
45. Which of the following is not true of the corpus cavernosum?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: External genitals a. Hydrocele b. BHP c. Inguinal hernia d. All of the above are causes of swelling of the scrotum.
46. Which is not a cause of swelling of the scrotum?
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the penis and scrotum a. Ducts that extend from near the ovary to the exterior b. External genitals c. Ovaries d. All of the above describe accessory structures of the female reproductive system.
47. Which of the following does not describe an accessory structure of the female reproductive system?
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system a. ovarian b. primary c. secondary d. graafian
48. At birth, a baby girl has about 1 million _____ follicles.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Ovaries
49. Inflammation of the ovaries is called a. pelvic inflammatory disease. b. oophoritis. c. salpingitis. d. candidiasis.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Infection and inflammation
Matching
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a. Seminiferous tubules b. Seminal vesicles c. Interstitial cells d. Scrotum e. Testes f. Ductus deferens g. Prostate gland h. Sperm cell i. Epididymis j. Tunica albuginea k. Corpus spongiosum
1. A column of erectile tissue in the penis
2. The male gonads
3. The tube that carries sperm cells out of the scrotum and forms part of the spermatic cord
4. Part of the testes that produces testosterone
5. Produces a milk-colored fluid that makes up about 30% of the seminal fluid
6. The male gamete
7. Structures in which sperm cells develop
8. A tough, whitish membrane that surrounds each testis
9. A saclike structure that contains the testes
10. Produces a yellowish fluid that is rich in fructose and that makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid
11. A tightly coiled, comma-shaped tube that lies along the top of and behind the testes
1. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
2. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
5. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system 6. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization pp. 620-621 TOP: Male reproductive system
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system
ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system
ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system a. Impotence b. Oligospermia c. Epispadias d. Sterility e. Cryptorchidism f. Hydrocele g. Infertility h. Hypospadias i. Inguinal hernia j. Phimosis
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
12. Causes scrotal swelling due to an accumulation of fluid
13. A decrease in sperm production
14. An abnormally low ability to reproduce
15. Condition that occurs when the foreskin fits so tightly over the glans that it cannot be retracted
16. Condition that occurs when the testes do not descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum
17. Condition that occurs when there is a failure to achieve an erection of the penis adequate to permit sexual intercourse
18. The opening of the urethral meatus on the underside of the glans
19. The opening of the urethral meatus on the dorsal or top surface of the glans
20. The complete inability to reproduce
21. A swelling of the scrotum caused by part of the intestine that has pushed through the abdominal wall into the scrotum
12. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
14. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
15. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
16. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
18. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
21. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system a. Follicle-stimulating hormone b. Fimbriae c. Cervix d. Vulva e. Graafian follicle f. Proliferative phase g. Oviduct h. Ovaries i. Luteinizing hormone j. Corpus luteum k. Vagina l. Ova m. Secretory phase n. Fundus o. Menarche
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
22. Part of the menstrual cycle that begins at ovulation and ends at menses
23. The part of the fallopian tube that catches the ova at ovulation
24. The female gonads
25. Carries the ova from the ovaries to the uterus
26. Another term for the female external genitalia
27. The female gametes
28. Produces the hormone progesterone after ovulation
29. A mature ovum in its sac
30. Lower part of the uterus
31. Phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between menses and ovulation
32. Part of the uterus that is above the entrance of the fallopian tubes
33. Structure that receives sperm during intercourse and is the last part of the birth canal
34. The first menses
35. Main hormone responsible for ovulation
36. Hormone that causes several immature ovarian follicles to start growing
22. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
24. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system 25. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 632 TOP: Female reproductive system
27. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
28. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
29. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
31. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
32. ANS: N PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
33. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
34. ANS: O PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 633 TOP: Female reproductive system
35. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
36. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Female reproductive system a. Salpingitis b. Oophoritis c. Amenorrhea d. Ovarian cysts e. Uterine myoma f. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding g. Dysmenorrhea h. Premenstrual syndrome i. Endometriosis
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
37. Benign enlargements on one or both ovaries
38. Involves a collection of symptoms that regularly occur in some women during the secretory phase of their reproductive cycle
39. Painful periods
40. An inflammation of the uterine tubes
41. The absence of normal menstruation
42. Irregular or excessive uterine bleeding that most often results from a hormonal imbalance
43. The presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus
44. Benign tumors of the uterine fibrous or smooth muscle tissue
45. An inflammation of the ovaries
37. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
38. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
39. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
42. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
43. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
44. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
Short Answer
1. Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 617 TOP: Sexual reproduction
2. Explain the different roles that the male and female reproductive systems have in reproduction.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 617-618
TOP: Common structural and functional characteristics between the sexes
3. List the essential and accessory organs of the male reproductive system.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 618-619
TOP: Male reproductive system
4. Describe the structure and location of the testes.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
5. Explain the process of spermatogenesis.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 619-620
TOP: Male reproductive system
6. Explain why it is necessary that gametes have only 23 chromosomes rather than the normal 46.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 628
TOP: Male reproductive system
7. Describe the structure of the spermatozoa. Include the function of the acrosome and the midpiece.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 619
TOP: Male reproductive system
8. List and explain the functions of testosterone.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 621-622
TOP: Male reproductive system
9. Many steroids that are illegal for athletes are testosterone-based. Which of the functions of testosterone would help an athlete perform better?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 621-622
TOP: Male reproductive system
10. List, describe, and explain the functions of the reproductive ducts of the male reproductive system.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 622
TOP: Male reproductive system
11. List, describe, and explain the functions of the accessory or supportive sex glands of the male reproductive system.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 623
TOP: Male reproductive system
12. Describe the male external genitalia.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 623-624
TOP: Male reproductive system
13. Explain the difference between infertility and sterility.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 624
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
14. What is cryptorchidism, and how can it be treated?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 625
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
15. What is benign prostatic hypertrophy? How can it lead to urinary retention?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
16. What are some treatments for cancer of the prostate?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
17. What is hypospadias? What is epispadias?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 625-626
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
18. What is impotence? How can it be treated?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 626
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
19. What are the essential organs of the female reproductive system? What are the accessory organs of the female reproductive system?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 627
TOP: Female reproductive system
20. Explain the steps in the formation and release of an ovum.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 627-628
TOP: Female reproductive system
21. Explain the process of oogenesis. How is it different from spermatogenesis? What is the function of the polar bodies?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 628-629
TOP: Female reproductive system
22. Explain the functions of estrogen and progesterone.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 629-630
TOP: Female reproductive system
23. Describe and give the function of the uterine tubes.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
REF: p. 630
24. How can the structure of the female reproductive system increase the risk of abdominal infection?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
TOP: Female reproductive system
25. Describe the structure of the uterus.
ANS: Answers will vary.
REF: pp. 627-630
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 630-631
TOP: Female reproductive system
26. Describe the vagina. What are its functions?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 631
TOP: Female reproductive system
27. Describe the structure of the breast. Explain how the size of the breast affects the ability to produce milk.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 631-632
TOP: Female reproductive system
28. Describe the female external genitalia.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 632-633
TOP: Female reproductive system
29. Explain the menstrual cycle including the role of all hormones involved.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 633-635
TOP: Female reproductive system
30. Explain dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 635
TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
31. What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and how can it be treated?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 635-636
TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
32. Name and explain the two types of ovarian cysts.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 637
TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
33. Explain the various treatments for breast cancer.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 637-638
TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
34. What are the risk factors of ovarian cancer, and how is it treated?
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 638
TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
35. What are the two types of uterine cancer? Explain who would be most at risk for each type.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 638 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
36. Give the name, pathogen, and description of three sexually transmitted diseases.
ANS: Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 639-641 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
TRUE/FALSE
1. Both the ova and sperm are considered gametes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 618 TOP: Sexual reproduction
2. The union of gametes produces a zygote.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 618 TOP: Sexual reproduction
3. Zygotes are only produced by organisms that reproduce sexually.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 618 TOP: Sexual reproduction
4. The penis is the essential organ of the male reproductive system.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 618 TOP: Male reproductive system
5. The main reason that the testes are located in the scrotum is to ensure that the increased temperature needed for sperm development can be maintained.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
6. The tough, whitish membrane that surrounds each testis is called the tunica albuginea.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
7. Sperm cells mature within the interstitial cells.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
8. The seminiferous tubules make up the bulk of the tissue of the testes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system
9. The interstitial cells produce testosterone.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
10. The stem cells for spermatogenesis are the primary spermatocytes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 619-620 TOP: Male reproductive system
11. The primary spermatocyte contains 23 chromosomes.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 620 TOP: Male reproductive system
12. The spermatids contain 23 chromosomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 620 TOP: Male reproductive system
13. It is important for human gametes to have only 23 chromosomes so that the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 617-618 TOP: Male reproductive system
14. The sperm cell is one of the largest and most specialized cells in the male body.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Male reproductive system
15. The acrosome stores mitochondria that provide energy for the sperm.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 621 TOP: Male reproductive system
16. The mitochondria in the sperm’s midpiece supply energy by breaking down ATP.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 621 TOP: Male reproductive system
17. The function of the acrosomes of the sperm is digestion.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 621
TOP: Male reproductive system
18. One function of testosterone is the promotion and maintenance of the male accessory organs.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 621-622 TOP: Male reproductive system
19. Chemically, testosterone is a steroid and because of its function, it can be called an anabolic steroid.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 622
TOP: Male reproductive system
20. Sperm cells develop in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
21. The epididymis carries sperm out of the scrotum and becomes part of the spermatic cord.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 622-623 TOP: Male reproductive system
22. The epididymis is contained completely within the scrotum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system
23. The ductus deferens and the vas deferens are the same structure.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 622 TOP: Male reproductive system
24. The ductus deferens is contained completely within the scrotum.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 622-623 TOP: Male reproductive system
25. The ductus deferens carries sperm out of the scrotum and is part of the spermatic cord.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 622-623 TOP: Male reproductive system
26. The prostate gland produces a milk-colored fluid that makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system
27. Each 3 to 5 mL of seminal fluid contains up to 10 million sperm.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system
28. The seminal vesicles produce a yellowish fluid that contains fructose and makes up about 30% of the seminal fluid.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system
29. The bulbourethral gland produces a lubricating secretion that makes up about 5% of the seminal fluid.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Male reproductive system
30. The corpus spongiosum and cavernosum are erectile tissues in the penis.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
31. There are two columns of the corpus spongiosum and one column of the corpus cavernosum.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
32. The scrotum contains the testes, the epididymis, and part of the ductus deferens.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 624 TOP: Male reproductive system
33. Oligospermia causes sterility.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 625
TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
34. Oligospermia causes infertility.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
35. A baby born with undescended testes has the condition of cryptorchidism.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
36. Testes will not function properly in the abdominal cavity because the body temperature is too high.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
37. Testicular cancer is most common in men between the ages of 50 and 70.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
38. A major concern with benign prostatic hypertrophy is the constriction of urine flow through the urethra.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 625 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
39. Both hypospadias and epispadias are conditions in which the urethral meatus opens in an abnormal location.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 625-626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
40. A hydrocele is a condition in which fluid has accumulated in the scrotum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
41. Most cases of erectile dysfunction have a psychological cause.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
42. Medical treatment of erectile dysfunction focuses on the functioning of the corpus cavernosum and spongiosum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
43. An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall into the scrotum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 626 TOP: Disorders of the male reproductive system
44. The gonads of the female are the ovaries.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
45. Unlike the gonads of the male, the gonads of the female are in the pelvic cavity.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
46. There are more primary follicles than ovarian follicles.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
47. A mature ovum in its sac is sometimes called a graafian follicle.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
48. The hollow chamber called the antrum and the ovum together make up a structure called the corpus luteum.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
49. The outcome of oogenesis is one large egg containing 23 chromosomes and three polar bodies.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
50. The egg is one of the largest cells in the body.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 628 TOP: Female reproductive system
51. The main function of the polar bodies is to help reduce the chromosome number to 23 for the egg.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 628
TOP: Female reproductive system
52. The hormone estrogen is produced in the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the development and maturation of the female reproductive organs.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 629 TOP: Female reproductive system
53. One of the functions of estrogen is to help in the initiation of menarche.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 629
TOP: Female reproductive system
54. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 629 TOP: Female reproductive system
55. The uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes are all the same structure.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
56. The oviducts are attached to the ovaries by special structures called fimbriae.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
57. Fertilization usually occurs in the uterus.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 630 TOP: Female reproductive system
58. The muscular layer of the uterus is called the myometrium.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 630-631 TOP: Female reproductive system
59. The fundus is located below the body of the uterus, but above the cervix.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
60. The lower part of the uterus is called the cervix.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
61. The fundus is the area of the uterus above the attachment of the oviducts.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
62. The vagina acts as the last part of the birth canal.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
63. The amount of milk produced is directly related to the size of the breasts.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 631-632 TOP: Female reproductive system
64. Another name for the female external genitalia is the vulva.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 632 TOP: Female reproductive system
65. The labia minora is the part of the female external genitalia that is composed of erectile tissue.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 633 TOP: Female reproductive system
66. The first menses is called menarche.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 633 TOP: Female reproductive system
67. The proliferative phase is the phase between menses and ovulation.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
68. The secretory phase is the phase between ovulation and menses.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
69. The proliferative phase is always longer than the secretory phase.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
70. The secretory phase is always longer than the proliferative phase.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 634
TOP: Female reproductive system
71. Although the proliferative phase can vary in length, the secretory phase is almost always 14 days long.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
72. Both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are secreted by the pituitary gland.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Female reproductive system
73. The hormone most responsible for ovulation is follicle-stimulating hormone.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Female reproductive system
74. The function of follicle-stimulating hormone is to stimulate the growth of immature ovarian follicles.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Female reproductive system
75. Amenorrhea is a term used to describe painful periods.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
76. Salpingitis is the inflammation of the oviducts, and oophoritis is the inflammation of the ovaries.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 636 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
77. Uterine myoma is another term for uterine cancer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
78. An ovarian cyst is the first stage of ovarian cancer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
79. Cervical cancer can be detected by a screening test called a Papanicolaou test, or Pap test.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 638 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
80. The terms infertility and sterility mean the same thing.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 638-639 TOP: Disorders of the female reproductive system
81. The granulosa cells in the female and the interstitial cells in the male both produce sex hormones.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 | p. 627
TOP: The male reproductive system | The female reproductive system
82. Sexually transmitted diseases and venereal diseases refer to the same types of diseases.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 639 TOP: Sexually transmitted diseases
83. The function of the reproductive system is very different from any other system because it does not deal with the survival of the individual.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 617 TOP: Introduction
84. The primary function of the male and female reproductive systems is to transfer genes to the next generation of offspring.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 617 TOP: Introduction
85. The siblings produced by sexual reproduction are more alike than siblings produced by asexual reproduction.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 617-618
TOP: Sexual reproduction
86. Spermatozoa are the gonads of the male.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Male reproductive system
87. Follicle-stimulating hormone causes a spermatogonium to undergo spermatogenesis.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 619 TOP: Spermatogenesis
88. Seminal fluid contains gametes and secretions from accessory glands.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Accessory or supportive sex glands
89. Another name for the seminal vesicles is the Cowper glands.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 623 TOP: Accessory or supportive sex glands
90. Mammary glands are considered accessory organs of the female reproductive system.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 627 TOP: Female reproductive system
91. The corpus luteum secretes a hormone that stimulates ovulation.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 634 TOP: Ovaries
92. Progesterone stimulates proliferation and vascularization of the uterine lining.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 629 TOP: Female reproductive system
93. The part of the uterine tube that enters the uterus is called the fimbriae.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 630 TOP: Reproductive ducts
94. The uterus plays an important role in menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Uterus
95. The lesser vestibular glands are also called the Bartholin glands.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 631 TOP: Female reproductive system
96. The area between the vaginal opening and the anus is called the perineum.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 633 TOP: External genitals
97. The most frequent cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is infection.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 635 TOP: Hormonal and menstrual disorders
98. One possible symptom of vaginitis is leukorrhea.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Infection and inflammation
99. The presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus is called endometriosis.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 637 TOP: Tumor and related conditions
100. The terms sexually transmitted disease and sexually transmitted infection mean the same thing.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 639 TOP: Sexually transmitted diseases
