Unity Plaza- Architecture Studio Folio PT3

Plaza

Landscape

-Sitting Areas

-Yoga/ etc

Interactive Learning

The selected programs enable a hybrid structure whilst combining the landscape, movement and civic architecture. Most programs will be community run such as market stalls and community group activities. This will allow the inclusion of everyone from many different cultural backgrounds to participate in what they like weather sewing classes, games nights or specialty food stores.

As the area of study is situated within the sporting precinct of Melbourne accommodation could be included to pay off the building as well as house a multicultural event for people after the games or concerts. This will bring people into the site for longer therefore retaining interest to the other projects on the site.

Ground

Oval Performance

Amenities/ services

Level 2

Interactive Learning

Community groups

Shopping Mall

Amenities/ Services

Level 3

Offices

Dance Studio/ Gym

Accommodation

Amenities/ Services

Restaurant/ Cafe

Roof

Amenities/ Services

Scale- Precedent Studies

A variety of shopping centers, plazas and markets have been overlaid on the site to identify a scale at which the project can be built in which people are happy to walk around and visit.

From large sites such as Chadstone and Highpoint shopping center to smaller areas like the Ballarat Mall and Queen Victoria Market. A similar study of scale within a nearby site can be found in task 3.

Overall I feel that the chosen site across the sporting precinct will be used and walkable by everyone as people currently visit larger sites completing similar tasks.

Federation Square Highpoint Shopping Center

Queen Victoria Market

Chadstone Shopping Center

Ballarat Mall

Bacchus Marsh Shopping Center

TASK 8: Feel, Space, Form

Task 1

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ricstephens/6122959673

Collective meaning to communicate

- Welcoming

- Connect through cuisines/ goods

- Connect past to present and future

- Awareness and understanding

- Celebration

- Connect australia to other nations

- Temperality

- Create a series of pasts

- Cultural understanding

- Join communities through different cultures including what was previously on the land.

- Educate the self by visiting the space to create a better future, more aligned to culture.

- Create new beginnings

Phenomenological qualities

- Senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste)

- Light

- Trigger memory or meaning

- Subtle and drastic elements

- Belonging

- Welcoming

- Reminiscence

- Sensory connections

- Memory

- Emotion

- Reflection

What is memorialize and celebrated

- Conflicts

- Migration

- New beginnings

- Knowledge

- Riots

- Gold rush

- Culture

- Past, present, future

- Diversity

- Multiculturalism

- Heritage

- Introduced cuisine/ goods

Sense of place

- Temperality

- Connect to heritage and culture

- Educate people on the past

- Movement of people

- Conception of place

- Sensory Observation

Key elements of place

- Interactive spaces

- Markets

- Utilize surroundings and existing spaces

- Cultural activities, spaces and events

How engage with site

- Bridges land connecting rail with water, 2 forms of transport used in migration.

- Pedestrian and bike paths to connect sites together and to existing site

- Flat topography, however when bridging the site sits above ground

- Form curves around existing infrastructure, including buildings, roads and points of interest.

- Connect and use existing spaces to enhance experience. Rail, water, sporting precinct.

Implicit

“My architecture is easy to enjoy, I hope it is also hard to forget” (Oscar Niemeyer)

Arabic

- Geometric

- Screen

- Shadows

- Quality

- Quantity

- Direction

- Reflections

- Colour

- Shadows

- Intensity (dramatic or subtle)

- Translucency, Opacity, Transparency

- Natural or Artificial

Light will predominantly used within the facade creating openings. These will direct light into certain spaces creating sensual experiences. The effects of light will be felt differently depending on the person and how they walk through the space. At night artificial lighting will be used which can dramatize spaces and create an alternate space which can only be experienced at night.

Korean

- Intricate Details

- Tessellated

- Floral

Indian

- Color

- Ornamental

- Repetitive

Islamic

- Patterns

- Detailed

- Symmetry

Chinese

- Simplistic

- Square pattern

- Timber

“As an architect you design for the PRESENT with an awareness of the PAST for a FUTURE which is essentially unknown” (Norman Foster)

The facade patterns will change effects of light within and onto the building. The sketches show the effects of light during the day and night both inside and outside.

Traditionally window screens were built by hand either molded with earth in India, bent by hand for metal or chiseled away using timber or sandstone. Due to increasing technologies these details could be lazercut or cnc routed for a larger building of today.

Symbols are a worldwide guide with 800+ symbols linking to 25 main categories. Each symbol is designed in 4 different ways; light, bold, outlined and coloured, enabling different uses. Most symbols are repetitive, symmetrical, symbolic and used as a guide whilst some also use the golden ratio for their design.

DAY FROM INSIDE

NIGHT FROM INSIDE

Materials

Many traditional European buildings are white contrasting elements such as the blue ocean. This is seen differently in India where bold colours are used in vernacular architecture, specifically the slums where blues, pinks, greens and reds are in abundance. The use of colour creates a welcoming and positive vibe especially in areas which are of 3rd world origins.

Due to the shear size of the building the most sustainable method of construction will be a concrete building. This will allow greater structural integrity and life of the building. For the main plaza and market areas pattens could be created in concrete or tiles could be overlaid to create a more elegant feature of the public spaces.

Some openings will be left without glass to allow natural ventilation to cool the building.

(https://cte.drupal.ku.edu/sites/cte.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/ portfolios/kraus/essay2.pdf)

“Texture is the strongest design feature of phenomenology”

I aim to utilize building materials in different ways such as using colour, texture and imagery to enhance the feeling of the spaces. Patterns such as Kōlam or Rangoli as seen in India and Pakistan could be integrated into materials to add extra dept to the cultural elements of the building.

Materials

- Concrete

- Colour

- Texture

- Designs

- Sandstone

- Colour

- Origin

- Glass

- Texture

- Colour

- Metals

Spatial Arrangement

“Arabic residences are all about families, gatherings and privacy...”

Depending on origins public space is either in the center of the building forming a courtyard or on the outside creating private spaces in the center. For this building to be truly hybrid these spaces will need to cluster together. The main approach is to have public spaces which people will walk through to get to the semi-public and private spaces. This will be done on a vertical plane more so than horizontal.

Many of these spaces in different cultures have gendered specific spaces. For my project I could used aspects of these gendered spaces to create community groups which cater for different genders. Such as a mens shed or a sewing group.

“We shape our buildings thereafter they shape us”

(Winston Churchill)

The spatial arrangement of this building will follow many aspects of traditional architecture, grouping public and private spaces together and increasing the level of privacy as more levels are added.

The spatial layout I am designing is more clustered, creating spaces within and overlapping one another.

Task 2

Site elements associated to the phenomenological qualities

- Materials

- Location- sporting precinct

- Interactive Spaces

How does built form create these qualities

- Materials

- Light

- Shape

- Shadows

- Facade

Building form elements associated to the phenomenological qualities

- Gardens- welcoming

- Staircases- welcoming

- Markets- connect to culture

- Windows/ openings- light

- Community groups- belonging

- Facade- light and shadows, connect to cultural traditions

- Light

-Interactive Spaces

- Materials

- Organization

- Sensory Observation

- Space

- Form

- Circulation

- Unique Experience

- Position

- Spatial arrangement

- Programs

(https://cte.drupal.ku.edu/sites/cte.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/portfolios/kraus/essay2.pdf)

“Design should foremost consider sensory details when integrating a collaborative program. Intimate memories of place are often derived from intricate forms of detail allowing a bond, beyond physical use of a building, an experience, to become ingrained in memory.”

(https://cte.drupal.ku.edu/sites/cte.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/portfolios/kraus/essay2.pdf)

Architectural strategies

- Traditional ways of architecture else ware in the world to link to migration

- Materials that link to imports from external countries and items we do not have in Australia.

- Play of light alike religious architecture, dramatic or subtle

- White backdrop to allow for particular colours to shine, Greek architecture to show off blue of water

- Connect spaces to one another rather than having corridors or gaps between spaces, plazas are one large area with multiple programs housed.

- A open and welcoming height aspect ratio throughout.

- Prominent views used for openings and major programs. Allow light as well as a connection to outside. For this site towards the CBD or gardens. Do not want to face a wall.

- Spaces to be of proportion relating to Australian standards as well as creating comfortable spaces.

- Use Melbourne’s climate including wind and sun for ventilation and light

- The use of a smaller entry and exit will create a different experience walking up to main plaza space. Will create a grander experience.

“The environment influences human beings, and this implies that the purpose of architecture transcends the definition given by early functionalism” (Norberg-Schulz)

Site Analysis:

Existing Buildings

There are many building that currently exist in the sporting precinct, these are shown in black. These buildings will effect light and shade as well as circulation through the spaces.

Contour Map

Each contour line is equal to 1 meter elevation change. The proposed site will need lots of digging out or building up to enable a lake to be built in this area.

The red lines show the roads running through the site. The orange lines around the 2 roads at the base of the map show the underground lines for the tunnels.

Bridges

Legend

Mixed Use (Car, Pedestrian)

Rail

Pedestrian Vehicle

The map provides an outlook on all existing bridges in the site and their use. The main area of interest holds many pedestrian or mixed use paths. These paths are over rail or water which will show similar concepts to our programs.

Bike & Pedestrian Paths

Legend

Footway

Cycleway

Mapping all the pedestrian and bike paths enables a connection from existing paths to our proposals. Bike access is a major part of our site and would be great to include these areas in proposals.

Stadiums & Sport

1. MCG- Cricket, AFL

2. Margret Court- Tennis, Music Events, Basketball, Netball

3. Rod Laver Arena- Tennis, Music Events, Basketball

4. Hisense Arena- Tennis, Basketball, Netball, Music Events

5. Holden Center- Pool, Gym, Theater

6. AAMI Park- Rugby, Soccer

7. National Tennis Center- Tennis, Gym

8. Tennis Courts- Tennis

9. Melbourne Park Function CenterFunction Events

10. Sidney Myer Music Bowl- Music Events

11. Olympic Park Oval- AFL, Cricket, Running

12. Boat Clubs- Kayak, Canoe, Rowing, Training

13. Riverslide Skate Park- Skate, Scoot, Board, Events

14. Gosch’s Paddock- AFL, Rugby, Training

15. Punt Road Oval- AFL, Training

Walking Distance & Time

Each circle on this map represents 400m or 5 minutes walking as direct routes. These figures are taken from Google Maps walking function at a distance of 400m per 5 minutes.

The circles are from the 2 main railway stations currently used in the area, Richmond Station and Flinders Street Station.

In addition to the railway stations, trams also run up the main roads for quicker less strenuous transport if required.

Sun & Wind

The wind roses identify the months of summer and winter solstice and how there is a change of wind direction throughout the year from South to North winds. The changing wind patterns throughout the year identify the abundance in natural ventilation throughout the year. For more effective heating and cooling during winter months designs will need to provide shelter from the North-Easterly winds but enable the cool ocean and harbour breezes from the south in summer.

The sun paths show the solstice months and the changing pattern of the sun throughout the day as well as its temperature. The sunlight from the North will be beneficial in winter to warm up the interior of the building but needs to provide enough shade during the summer months.

Views

The maps show prominent views around the site including the stadiums of the sporting precinct, railways and roads. The views will be a prominent feature of the building with grand outlooks towards the CBD, Yarra River and botanic Gardens.

History of the Site

The images show the changes overtime to the site from 2000 to 2019.

There are significant differences in materials for tennis courts prior to 2010, and the revamp of the old running track and oval in 2012 which now houses Olympic park oval.

Overall the site could use a new civic space with more activities and shelter connecting each building together.

Noise Analysis

A noise analysis enables a detailed look into the site and the areas of most noise. This could be designed for in facades and orientations of a building to enable a more peaceful interior of the building.

Analysis of decibel readings for cars, trams, trains and boats enables a more insightful analysis to the noisiest locations around the site. As per the diagram it can be seen that the trains cause the most noise pollution especially with diesel trains running through every half hour, whereas electric passing every couple minutes.

References

TASK 1

• Anon 2013, Culture Victoria, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://cv.vic.gov.au/blog/archive/what-was-there-before-our-station/>.

• Anon 2020, Customs House Home of the Immigration Museum, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://museumsvictoria.com.au/immigrationmuseum/ resources/customs-house/>.

• Anon 2013, Fishermans Bend Historic Account, 3rd ed, Biosis, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://vpa.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Historical-Account-Biosis_June-2013.pdf>.

• Anon 2020, Making tracks, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://museumsvictoria.com.au/scienceworks/resources/victorian-railways/making-tracks/>.

• Anon 2020, OpenStreetMap, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/-37.8389/144.9316&layers=T>.

• Anon 2020, Sandridge Bridge, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://pocketozmelbourne.com.au/sandridge-bridge.html?fbclid=IwAR3SpM2RLA9jpN540ukncoVgFb9pKdOvhvTmS1vXcO5k8RwWmyJe1eFvxXA>.

• Anon 2016, Spencer Street, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://www.victorianrailways.net/photogallery/suburb/spencer_st/spencer_st.html>.

• Anon 2016, Station Pier History, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://www.vicports.vic.gov.au/about-us/port-history/Pages/station-pier-history.aspx>.

• Cahill, D 2014, Incredible photos of Melbourne by air, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/photo-essay-aerials-ofmelbourne-dating-back-to-1920s/news-story/5d2ffba4e4c3af85cdca30e7ea284c4e>.

• Chen, L 2000, Architecture at the MCG: A History, viewed 6 August, 2020, <http://www.lovellchen.com.au/lc/architecture-at-the-mcg-a-history/>.

• Hankin, B n.d., More Fishermans Bend Migrant Hostel Memories, viewed 6 August, 2020, <https://www.pmhps.org.au/2017/06/more-migrant-hostel-memories/>.

• Anon 2020, Buckland Riot | Monument Australia, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/landscape/settlement/display/30547-buckland-riots>.

• Anon 2020, BURIED ALIVE!, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://www.goldfieldsguide.com.au/blog/81/buried-alive?&c=11>.

• Details | Asia Education Foundation, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://www.asiaeducation.edu.au/curriculum/history/details/year-9-chinese-migrants-and-the-gold-rush>.

• Anon 2016, The Buckland Valley Riot, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://vimeo.com/188246446>

• Anon 2019, The dark side of the Victorian Goldfields, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://www.goldfieldsguide.com.au/blog/56/the-dark-side-of-thevictorian-goldfields?&c=11>.

• The Riots at Lambing Flat 1861, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://remembering-the-past-australia.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-riots-at-lambingflat-1861.html>.

• Hood, J 2020, Jun 30: Lambing Flat Digger Uprising of 1861 – rename Young back to ‘Lambing Flat’ – Australia First Party, viewed 22 August, 2020, <https://australiafirstparty.net/jun-30-lambing-flat-digger-uprising-of-1861-rename-young-back-to-lambing-flat/>.

TASK 2

• Anon 2010, 1972 East Melbourne Aerial Photo | East Melbourne Historical Society, viewed 12 August, 2020, <https://emhs.org.au/catalogue/ eml0001>.

• Customs House, viewed 12 August, 2020, <https://museumsvictoria.com.au/immigrationmuseum/resources/customs-house/>.

• LASSI - Land and Survey Spatial Information, viewed 12 August, 2020, <https://maps.land.vic.gov.au/lassi/>.

• Anon 2020, Maps of Melbourne City & suburbs, viewed 12 August, 2020, <https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/search-discover/explore-collections-format/ maps/maps-melbourne-city-suburbs>.

• Jones, D 2003, 1878 Map of Inner Melbourne, viewed 12 August, 2020, <http://maps-collection.library.unimelb.edu.au/melb1878map.html>.

• Jones, D 2005, Melbourne 1945 Photo-map (848-b4), viewed 12 August, 2020, <http://maps-collection.library.unimelb.edu.au/historical/1945melb/848b4.html>.

• Victorian Railway Maps 1860 - 2000, viewed 12 August, 2020, <http://www.vrhistory.com/VRMaps/>.

• 1855c View of Melbourne | East Melbourne Historical Society, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://emhs.org.au/gallery/early_melbourne/1855c_view_ melbourne>.

• 1858 Melbourne, Bourke Street from Spring Street | East Melbourne Historical Society, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://emhs.org.au/gallery/early_melbourne/1858_melbourne_bourke_street_spring_street>.

• 1931 Yarra Park, MCG, Jolimont | East Melbourne Historical Society, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://emhs.org.au/gallery/yarra_park/history/1931_yarra_park_mcg_jolimont>.

• Anon 2018, Melbourne History Part One | InterContinental Melbourne the Rialto, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://www.melbourne.intercontinental. com/melbourne-history-part1>.

• Cahill, D 2014, Incredible photos of Melbourne by air, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/photo-essay-aerialsof-melbourne-dating-back-to-1920s/news-story/5d2ffba4e4c3af85cdca30e7ea284c4e>.

• Jones, R 2004, Melbourne Tram Museum: Fares Please! An economic history of the M&MTB, viewed 17 August, 2020, <http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/ecohist/ecohist0.htm>.

• La Terra, M 2017, 12 Things You Didn't Know About Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://theculturetrip.com/pacific/ australia/articles/12-things-you-didnt-know-about-flinders-street-station-melbourne/>.

• MERANI, K 2017, History of Australia: Melbourne, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/history-of-australia-melbourne>.

• Nettleton, C 1891, Melbourne, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://viewer.slv.vic.gov.au/?entity=IE1909406&mode=browse>.

• Smiles, J 2020, Melbourne property market 2020: Experts predict market movements - realestate.com.au, viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://www. realestate.com.au/news/melbourne-property-market-2020-experts-predict-market-movements/>.

• Whittock, N 1855, The city of Melbourne, Australia [picture], viewed 17 August, 2020, <https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135867542/view>.

• "Library Guides: Map Resources Of Victoria: Historical Maps Of Melbourne". 2020. Unimelb.Libguides.Com. https://unimelb.libguides.com/c. php?g=402937&p=5926331.

• Works., Melbourne. 1896. "Map Of Melbourne & Suburbs : 800 Feet To 1 In. [Base Maps] /". [Melbourne ] : M.M.B.W.,. https://digitised-collections. unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/23983.

• Jeffrey, Nathaniel. 2020. "Melbourne 1945". Melbourne 1945. https://1945.melbourne/.

TASK 3

• Christchurch Bus Interchange, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://teamprojects.nz/christchurch-bus-interchange/>.

• Anon 2016, Christchurch Bus Interchange / Architectus, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.archdaily.com/791283/christchurch-bus-interchange-architectus-plus-athfield-architects>.

• Anon 2020, Mapbox, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://mapbox.com>.

• Anon 2020, Seafarers Bridge / GRIMSHAW, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://grimshaw.global/projects/seafarers-bridge/>.

• Anon 2020, Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee Park, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.vicstaterosegarden.com.au/home>.

• Anon 2020, Welcome to Auroville | Auroville, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.auroville.org/>.

• Bennett, B & Devitt, S 2016, Christchurch Bus Interchange, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/christchurch-bus-interchange/>.

• Janberg, N 2020, Seafarers Bridge (Melbourne, 2009) | Structurae, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://structurae.net/en/structures/seafarers-bridge>.

TASK 4

• Anon 2020, Welcome to Auroville | Auroville, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.auroville.org/>.

• 25. The Matrimandir | The Mind Matrix, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://mind-matrix.net/the-ascension/the-mind-matrix-kingdoms/multi-dimensional-realities/25-the-matrimandir/>.

• Anon 2017, Auroville: Matri Mandir (Dome Study), viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://vidhibagadiablog.wordpress.com/2017/08/22/auroville-matrimandir-dome-study/>.

• Anon 2020, Day 19: Wisdom, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://shaktileadership.com/campaigns/21-days-shakti-leadership-challenge/day19/>.

• Anon 2020, Google Maps, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.google.com/maps/@12.006859,79.8102694,346m/data=!3m1!1e3>.

• Anon 2020, Lotus Flowers: History, Meaning, Properties, Growth & Care, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.flowerglossary.com/lotus-flowers-meaning/>.

• Matrimandir, Auroville - Archinomy, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/matrimandir-auroville/>.

• Bahga, S 2017, A Modern Temple For All Religions: Roger Anger-designed Matrimandir In Auroville, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvcep/a_modern_temple_for_all_religions_roger_angerdesigned_matrimandir_in_auroville.html>.

• KING, J 2008, Auroville, viewed 18 August, 2020, <http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2008/04/auroville.html>.

• manoharf 2018, Mahakali entrance to Auroville's Matrimandir, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQ5Bv0S6kgU>.

• Nangia, A 2020, The Auroville Experiment, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.boloji.com/articles/1029/the-auroville-experiment>.

• Nayak, S 2019, Matrimandir - The soul of Auroville, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://issuu.com/samse7en/docs/matri_mandir>.

• Pal, S 2018, 50 Years of Auroville: The Fascinating Story of the 'City of Dawn', viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.thebetterindia. com/132379/50-years-auroville-matri-mandir-pondicherry-history/>.

• pandey, V 2014, Matrimandir final, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.slideshare.net/Vishvendupandey/matrimandir-final>.

• Pure Beautiful Lotus Flower Bud Macro Bokeh iPhone 8 Wallpapers, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.ilikewallpaper.net/iphone-8-wallpaper/ Pure-Beautiful-Lotus-Flower-Bud-Macro-Bokeh/32161>.

• Radhika, R 2014, The untold story of Matri Mandir, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.deccanherald.com/content/450667/untold-story-matrimandir.html>.

• thakkar, d 2018, Relational logics - Auroville – IAAC Blog, viewed 18 August, 2020, <http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/25370/>.

• Van 't Veld, E 2020, Visiting Auroville, the City of Dawn, in Tamil Nadu, India - Erika's Travelventures, viewed 18 August, 2020, <https://www.erikastravelventures.com/visiting-auroville-the-city-of-dawn-in-india/>.

TASK 5

• Anon 2017, Hands stacked in unity for MLK Day - Hendrick Honda Bradenton, viewed 26 August, 2020, <http://shop.hendrickhondabradenton. com/2018/01/10/mlk-day-activties/all-for-one-hands-stacked-in-unity-and-support/>.

• Anon 2016, Laffs Supporting Community | Camperdown Community House, viewed 26 August, 2020, <https://camperdownch.com.au/laffs-supporting-community/>.

• Anon 2020, Peace - Wikiquote, viewed 26 August, 2020, <https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Peace>.

• Your Community | The Cat, viewed 26 August, 2020, <https://thisisthecat.com/your-community/>.

• optimarc n.d., Linking Entities Networking Social Media Sns Stock Photo (Edit Now) 588813473, viewed 26 August, 2020, <https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/linking-entities-networking-social-media-sns-588813473>.

TASK 6

• 11th Street Bridge Park, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://oma.eu/projects/11th-street-bridge-park>.

• Anon 2020, Pirouette Bridge by ATAH, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://architizer.com/projects/pirouette-bridge-1/>.

• HAN Shuang 2020, Floating Archipelago, Pedestrian Bridge Design / FCHA, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.archdaily.com/947168/floating-archipelago-pedestrian-bridge-design-fcha>.

TASK 7

• Clip art - unity png download - 2320*2270 - Free Transparent Circle png Download. - Clip Art Library, viewed 14 November, 2020, <http://clipart-library.com/clip-art/silhouette-of-people-holding-hands-22.htm>.

• Sports Vector Art & Graphics | freevector.com, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://www.freevector.com/vector/sports>.

• infinityyy n.d., Black sun icon and symbol vector image on VectorStock, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/black-sun-icon-and-symbol-vector-23677600>.

• nsit0108 n.d., Global refugee migration icon simple style vector image on VectorStock, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://www.vectorstock.com/ royalty-free-vector/global-refugee-migration-icon-simple-style-vector-22836684>.

• panya n.d., Peace sign Hippie symbol of peace vector image on VectorStock, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/peace-sign-hippie-symbol-of-peace-vector-8142034>.

• soleilc n.d., Transport Icons vector image on VectorStock, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/transport-icons-vector-921538>.

TASK 8

• Anon 2020, Colour Oxide | ICR Concrete Supplies, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.icrconcretesupplies.com.au/product/colour-oxide/>.

• Anon 2020, Coloured Window Film - ARC Window Films, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.arcwindowfilms.com/window-film/coloured-window-film/>.

• non 2020, Graphic Concrete - Imaging process for designs and patterns on concrete - AltusGroup, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://altusprecast. com/graphic-concrete/>.

• Anon 2018, Javanese vernacular architecture and environmental synchronization based on the regional diversity of Joglo and Limasan, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263518300384>.

• Anon 2020, Precast Concrete Aggregates & Manufactured Sands | Kafka Granite, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.kafkagranite.com/precast-concrete-aggregates>.

• Anon 2020, Types of Stones – stomeindia, viewed 9 November, 2020, <http://stomeindia.com/types-of-stones/>.

• Anon 2018, Using Stamped Concrete as a Building Material, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.residencestyle.com/using-stamped-concrete-as-a-building-material/>.

• CHAKI, R 2019, How an Ancient Indian Art Utilizes Mathematics, Mythology, and Rice, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.atlasobscura.com/ articles/indian-rice-art-kolam>.

• Delana n.d., Another Wave in the Wall: Vertical Lake Building Facade, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://weburbanist.com/2010/07/23/anotherwave-in-the-wall-vertical-lake-building-facade/>.

• Irmairma n.d., Arabic or Islamic traditional architecture, set of window., viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-arabic-islamic-traditional-architecture-set-window-coloring-page-template-design-image85233696>.

• Kester, B 2007, Exquisitely decorated window screen in the ar-Rifai mosque | Ar-Rifai mosque | Cairo | Travel Story and Pictures from Egypt, viewed 9 November, 2020, <http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/ar-rifai-mosque09.html>.

• kidworldcitizen 2012, Kids’ Rangoli Art from india, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://kidworldcitizen.org/kids-rangoli-art-for-diwali-chalk-coloredsand/>.

• MicroOne n.d., Traditional Korean Door Window Ornament Chinese Stock Vector (Royalty Free) 562944778, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https:// www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/traditional-korean-door-window-ornament-chinese-562944778>.

• MicroOne n.d., Traditional korean symbols korea pattern vector image on VectorStock, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.vectorstock.com/ royalty-free-vector/traditional-korean-symbols-korea-pattern-vector-13248745>.

• Newcomb, T 2020, Architecturally Bound: 20 of the World’s Most Stunning Libraries, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.popularmechanics. com/technology/infrastructure/g30446675/beautiful-libraries/>.

• Raus, K n.d., Theory of Phenomenology:, KRaus, pp. 1-8, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://cte.drupal.ku.edu/sites/cte.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/ portfolios/kraus/essay2.pdf>.

• Sargis, J 2012, art and architecture — Blog — Jeff Sargis, viewed 9 November, 2020, <http://jeffsargis.com/blog/tag/art+and+architecture>.

• Stephens, R 2011, Sense of Place, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.flickr.com/photos/ricstephens/6122959673>.

• Wang, L 2018, Cave houses that stay warm in winter and cool in summer, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://inhabitat.com/6-naturally-insulatedcave-homes-that-stay-cool-in-summer-and-warm-in-winter/cave-houses-that-stay-warm-in-winter-and-cool-in-summer/>.

TASK 8

• Anon 2017, Arabic Architecture, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.cx2-interiordesign.com/single-post/2018/09/20/Arabic-Architecture>.

• Designer Glass Screens ‘Chinese Fretwork’ - Bradley+Basso Studio, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.bradleybasso.com/portfolio/designer-glass-screens-chinese-fretwork/>.

• India | Art of Islamic Pattern, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://artofislamicpattern.com/resources/picture-galleries/india/#/0>.

• Anon 2020, Indoor Markets In Brisbane | Must Do Brisbane, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.mustdobrisbane.com/shop/markets/indoor>.

• Anon 2015, Light - A Natural Ornamental Element in Islamic Architecture!, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.archilovers.com/stories/8534/ light-a-natural-ornamental-element-in-islamic-architecture.html>.

• Set of ornamental islamic window. Arabic traditional architecture..., viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.123rf.com/photo_70944487_stock-vector-set-of-ornamental-islamic-window-arabic-traditional-architecture-template-for-design.html>.

• Anon 2013, Car park in Kallebäck with graphic concrete facade - Kynningsrud, viewed 9 November, 2020, <https://www.kynningsrud.com/2013/04/ car-park-in-kalleback-with-graphic-concrete-facade/>.

TASK 10

• Anon 2020, History of Jalis in Indian Architecture – Perforated Screen Designer, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://sites.psu.edu/perforatedscreendesigner/history-of-jalis-in-indian-architecture/>.

• Anon 2020, Star and Crescent Islamic symbol, viewed 14 November, 2020, <https://symbolikon.com/downloads/star-and-crescent-islam-symbol/>.