INVASIVE LANDSCAPES
from punctual interventions to a self-healing land strategies for the modern rural landscapes in the city of Cremona
Devoted to degradation to the detriment of an expanding urbanization,
So as to reach that matter, we conduct a mapping analysis considering
the landscape of Cremona was and still can be sustained to remain one
both the territorial and the municipal physical scopes of Cremona, then we
of the main riches of the region. Thus, in order to rekindle its environmental
brainstorm the findings into a set of strategical directives allowing us, at the
sensitivity, the intervention triggers its upgradation as a peri-urban system
end, to sense how punctual interventions can exert pressure on the territory
that will serve not just as a disconnected land that the user is only in touch
and bring it gradually to its high environmental sensitiveness.
with its production but also with the land itself. In other words, the intention is to force delightfully the user to consume the landscape as both a
Key words: rural-urban connectivity; productive landscape; active
productive and an aesthetical one; creating and branching up then new
promenade
ecological components linking rural to urban, natural to built and humans to non-humans.
2
INDEX ABSTRACT 2 QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS 4 Analysis of study area using georeferenced data and QGIS application: seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using NDVI index, long term evolution and built-up areas using NDVI and NDTI in 2018-2020, new urban green areas using remote sensing images
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
28
Large scale analysis of the province, identifying aspects related to the quality of the green areas and the different ecosystems that compose the Cremona landscape
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
50
Linking the Municipality of Cremona and the Po River using an analysis of the different urban and rural morpho-typologies, vegetation, and connection systems working in this particular territory
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
76
Rediscovery of neglected landscapes using human level point-of-view analysis and identifying the gaze of the users
STRATEGY
98
Proposed interventions at punctual points identified throughout the analysis that revitalize and reuse the existing landscape
CONCLUSIONS
110
4
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS analysis of study area using georeferenced data and QGIS application: seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using NDVI index, long term evolution and built-up areas using NDVI and NDTI in 2018-2020, new urban green areas using remote sensing images
5
THREE SEASON ANALYSIS seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
6
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
1
SPRING
2km
580000.00
24 APRIL 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
590000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
575000.00
0
5005000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
RED - GREEN - BLUE
NIR - RED - GREEN
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
7
SUMMER
0
20 JUNE 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
585000.00
590000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
RED - GREEN - BLUE
8
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
5005000.00
580000.00
2km
5005000.00
575000.00
1
NIR - RED - GREEN
1
AUTUMN
2km
580000.00
28 OCTOBER 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
590000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
575000.00
0
5005000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
RED - GREEN - BLUE
NIR - RED - GREEN
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
9
NDVI
0 1
3 SEASONS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
590000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
590000.00
575000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
590000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
SPRING
Cremona Municipality NDVI ≤ -0.5 -0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5
10
585000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
4km
5005000.00
575000.00
2
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
SUMMER
AUTUMN
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
585000.00
VEGETATED AREAS
4km
590000.00
3 SEASONS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
590000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
590000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
2
5005000.00
575000.00
0 1
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
Cremona Municipality High Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5 Low Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.3 0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0.5
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
11
THREE-YEAR ANALYSIS long term evolution of built-up areas using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI) and Normalized Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) in 2018-2020
12
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
1
2018
2km
580000.00
21 JUNE 2018 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
575000.00
0
5005000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
TRUE COLOR
FALSE COLOR
RED - GREEN - BLUE
NIR - RED - GREEN
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
13
2019
0
13 JUNE 2019 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
14
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
5005000.00
580000.00
2km
5005000.00
575000.00
1
TRUE COLOR
FALSE COLOR
RED - GREEN - BLUE
NIR - RED - GREEN
1
2020
2km
580000.00
20 JUNE 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
575000.00
0
5005000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
TRUE COLOR
FALSE COLOR
RED - GREEN - BLUE
NIR - RED - GREEN
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
15
NDVI
0
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
4km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
2
5005000.00
575000.00
1
2018
2020
Cremona Municipality
These maps show the NDVI in pseudocolour representation, with dark green corresponding to high density vegetation (NDVI>0.5)
NDVI ≤ -0.5
and light green representing less dense vegetation (0.3<NDVI<0.5).
-0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5
16
2019
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
2
585000.00
VEGETATED AREAS
4km
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
1
5005000.00
575000.00
0
2018
2019
2020
Over the period of three years it can be observed that there has been a slight decrease in density from 2018 to 2019, followed
Cremona Municipality
by a subsequent increase in density of vegetation in 2020. Extracting the vegetation cover from NDVI helps in analysing the
High Density Vegetation
transformation of the green areas over the years.
NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5 Low Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.3 0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0.5
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
17
NDTI
0
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
4km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
2
5005000.00
575000.00
1
2018
2020
Cremona Municipality
These maps show the NDTI calculated using bands 11 and 12 correspond to SWIR (Short Wave Infrared). This pseudocolour
NDTI ≤ 0
representation highlights the built-up areas in dark orange (0<NDTI<0.1)
0 < NDTI ≤ 0.1 0.1 < NDTI ≤ 0.4 NDTI > 0.4
18
2019
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
2
585000.00
NDTI BUILT-UP
4km
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
1
5005000.00
575000.00
0
2018
2019
2020
Extracting the built-up areas from NDTI, it can be observed that although it is accurate in terms of representating the built, there
Cremona Municipality
is a certain percentage of inaccuracy due to which, some agricultural fields are also highlighted.
NDTI Built-up Analysis NDTI > 0.1 (non-built) 1 < NDTI â&#x2030;¤ 0.1 (built)
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
19
NDBI
0
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
4km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
2
5005000.00
575000.00
1
2018
2020
Cremona Municipality
Comparing NDTI with other indices representing the built-up, namely NDBI and BUI, with the satellite image as reference, it is
NDBI ≤ 0
observed that NDTI represents most effectively, the built-up area, in comparison to NDBI and BUI.
0 < NDBI ≤ 0.1 NDBI > 0.1
20
2019
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
2
585000.00
BUI
4km
3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
1
5005000.00
575000.00
0
2018
2019
2020
Most of the built fabric is not represented accurately in the case of NDBI and even less, in BUI, in which the waterbodies are
Cremona Municipality
prominent along with the built, and there is very poor distinguishment between built-up and bare soil.
BUI ≤ -1 -1 < BUI ≤ 0 0 < BUI ≤ 1 BUI > 1
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
21
BUILT AREA COMPARISON
0
NDTI, NDBI, BUI USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGES 2020
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
4km
575000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
2
5005000.00
575000.00
1
NDTI 2020
NDBI 2020
Cremona Municipality
Cremona Municipality
Cremona Municipality
NDTI ≤ 0
NDBI ≤ 0
BUI ≤ -1
0 ≤ NDTI ≤ 0.1
0 < NDBI ≤ 0.1
-1 < BUI ≤ 0
0.1 < NDTI ≤ 0.4
NDBI > 0.1
0 < BUI ≤ 1
NDTI > 0.4
NDTI ≤ 0.1 (non-built)
BUI > 1
NDTI > 0.1 (non-built)
NDTI > 0.1 (built)
BUI ≤ 0 (non-built)
0 < NDTI ≤ 0.1 (built)
0 ≤ NDTI ≤ 0.1 gives a clear distinction between the built fabric (dark orange) against the agricultural landscape (lightest orange) which represents bare soil.
22
BUI 2020
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
0 < BUI ≤ 1 (built)
NDBI > 0.1 represents the built fabric. However, compared to NDTI, it does not cover certain built areas on the periphery of the historic center towrads the west.
0 ≤ BUI ≤ 1ideally highlights the built-up and bare soil areas. However, it is observed that the areas hightighted are the least accurate compared to NDTI and NDBI. The index has also highlighted the waterbody.
NEW URBAN GREENS new urban green areas to be integrated into the database using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
23
NEW URBAN GREEN
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
2
575000.00
4km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
NDVI > 0
24
585000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
1
5005000.00
575000.00
0
NDVI 0.25
NDVI > 0.5
NDVI ≤ 0
NDVI ≤ 0.25
NDVI ≤ 0.5
NDVI > 0
NDVI > 0.25
NDVI > 0.5
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
1
NDVI PSEUDOCOLOR
2km
585000.00
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
5000000.00 4995000.00
4995000.00
5000000.00
5005000.00
580000.00
5005000.00
575000.00
0
NDVI > 0.25
NDVI PSEUDOCOLOR
NDVI ≤ 0.25
NDVI ≤ -0.5
NDVI > 0.25
-0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0.3 -0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 3 3 < NDVI ≤ 5
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
25
NEW URBAN GREEN
0
MACRO SCALE
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
Municipality of Cremona New Urban Green
4995000.00
5000000.00
Existing Urban Green
26
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
0
0.5
NEW URBAN GREEN
1km
MICRO SCALE
Municipality of Cremona New Urban Green
4996000.00
4998000.00
5000000.00
Existing Urban Green
578000.00
580000.00
582000.00
584000.00
QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS
27
28
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS large scale analysis of the province, identifying aspects related to the quality of the green areas and the different ecosystems that compose the Cremona landscape
29
HISTORY
1555 - 1617
30
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
1661 - 1711
1820 - 1840
Above (L-R): (1) Lombardy, Italy (2) Cremona Province,
The province of Cremona is formed by a series of natural physical
Lombardy (3) City of Cremona
processes, most notably by water, and by human factors. Water and
direction. Even the farms differ according to their locations.
people are concentrated at towns and villages, canals, artificial river banks,
and the traces of Roman and Late Medieval roads. The waterways have
of Cremona have enclosed yards determined by defensive needs (fortified
important recreational and wildlife values.
farms) and those in the Casalmaggiore area are characterized by their
The main task that people had to undertake in the past was the
mixed typologies. The main elements which characterize the Cremonese
transformation of vast areas for agricultural use which were previously
landscape include: river valleys, canals, the area of fontanili, an area of
inaccessible and unhealthy. The present landscape still shows the signs of this
higher ground and mounds, the dead Navigli River system, and the high
slow process of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;conqueringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the marshes for agriculture. This transformation
Cremona plain.
was accomplished by careful hydrological management, which had to
consider even subtle changes in the elevation.
escarpments and significant full river systems, is especially rich in humid areas
with landscapes of outstanding natural beauty, noteworthy for its peculiar
We, thus, find the Crema plain to the north - rich in water courses
and other morphologically significant features, with the flow axes running
developmental origin and with few water courses, running in a west east The Crema farms are comprised of juxtaposed elements, while those
The Po Valley, characterized by its wide territorial coverage, small
bodri.
from north to south. In the south, the Cremona plain, of older geological
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
31
WATER BODIES 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rivers and channels Artificial Reservoirs Surface Water Bodies Natural River Bed
Serio River
5020000.00
Floodplains
Adda River
Oglio River 5000000.00
0
5
4980000.00
Po River
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
32
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
For Aquifer Group A, the network is characterized by a good territorial distribution, also in relation to the existing pressures. In addition to piezometers, the monitoring points also consist of some wells for drinking purposes. For Aquifer Groups B and C, the monitoring points consist exclusively of wells for drinking purposes. A dense hydrographic line of an artificial nature, consisting of canals and canals, also characterizes the countryside. The province is totally devoid QUALITATIVE NETWORK 2012
QUALITATIVE NETWORK 2012
above left
above right
of reliefs, but the territory is shaped by the river valleys, both of the current rivers and
Province of Cremona
Province of Cremona
of the relict ones (Serio Morto,
Urban Areas
Urban Areas
Water Courses
Water Courses
Morbasco, Delma, Lisso, etc.)
Local Water
Local Water
Acquifer Group A
Acquifer Group A
Acquifer Group B
Acquifer Group B
Acquifer Group C
Acquifer Group C
which have modulated the plain with slight undulations and small deep depressions a few meters above the floodplain.
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
33
PROTECTED AREAS 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Regional-National Parks
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
5020000.00
Local Parks
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
34
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
The GOLENA DEL PO PARK is
PARCO DEL PO E DEL MORBASCO,
TORNO RIVER PARK extends over
a local park of supra-municipal
established in 1999, covers a stretch
flat areas crossed by a vast network
Interest, located in Casalmaggiore
of the river territory of Gerre de’
of watercourses developped within
on the banks of the Po river, in the
Caprioli, a Municipality situated
the catchment area of the Tormo
floodplain area of the city. The
along the left bank of the River Po,
river. Many fountains (important
park covers the floodplain areas of
about 2 km in the south of Cremona.
evidence of the ancient rural
the Po river in the municipalities of
The topographical conformation is
landscape) are registered only in the
Casalmaggiore and Martignana
characterized by sublevel surfaces
park, which constitutes a connection
Po. The vegetation aspect is the
slightly degrading towards the
between the largest “strip of
characterizing element of the
bed of the river Po and towards
fountains” of the Lombard plain and
landscape.
the south-east. secondary but
the Adda river (to the south).
particularly developed water system which is mainly represented by reclamation channels.
The PARCO DEI FONTANILI DI
The territory intended for the
MOSO PARK is underlined by
CAPRALBA was recognized with a
PIANALTO DI ROMANENGO AND
the strong presence of various
resolution of the Provincial Council
CREMONESE NAVIGLI PARK
watercourses including the Vacchelli
of Cremona in 2003. The tour of the
embraces a large territorial area
Canal and the Cresmiero Canal and
fountains around the small village of
coinciding, in its most important
the constant presence of vegetation
the Bassa allows you to appreciate
nucleus, with the “Pianalto di
distributed in rows, poplar groves,
a spectacle of nature, but also a
Romanengo” which represents a
wooded strips and partly from
great heritage for rural life. Magic of
residual strip of an ancient level of
stretches of areas with more distinctly
the springs that seem to spring out
the Po Valley. This morphological rise
natural characteristics in which
of nowhere and that give life to an
rises about ten meters above the
various species of birds can nest.
oasis.
fundamental level of the plain.
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
35
FOREST AREAS 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
5020000.00
Forest Areas
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
36
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
RIPARIAN WOOD
SOFT WOOD FLOODPLAIN FOREST
STRONG WOOD FLOODPLAIN FOREST
In the contours of the marsh basins an
It is an arboreal complex that includes various
Wth the appearance of the elm (Ulmus
arboreal vegetation usually develops
vegetational aspects, grouped under this
minor), the greater ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
essentially consisting of white willow which
conventional definition because they are
and some sporadic specimens of linden
represents the most simplified woodland
dominated by softwood species, among
(Tilia platyphyllos), the floodplain wood is
formation. The qualities of this tree species
which poplars form the best represented
established and a strong bond in which the
allow it to quickly establish itself on soils
component. It settles on soils subject only
presence of the oak is normal. , is almost
subject to seasonal submersion, giving
occasionally to river floods which are however
exclusively identified with the English oak
rise to fairly dense forest coenosis, mostly
well tolerated by the constitutive species. In
(Quercus robur). The area occupied by
monospecific. Thus a wood of generally
the case of spontaneous formations, now
this arboreal consortium is not affected, if
contained height (from 10-12m up to about
very rare and of small size, a structure can
not exceptionally, by river floods and the
20m) is set, dominated by an arboreal plain
be observed, attested to around 20 and
deposition of alluvial silt. The forestry examples
normally devoid of statification except
even 25m, but, being usually uneven, it has
of this genus, present in the province,
towards the margins or in the clearings.
different levels of height and, often, shows
sometimes retain a well-established and
Instead, the herbaceous layer formed by tall
large discontinuities.
articulated structure: they are mostly unsettled
The presence of woods is currently modest. The most significant wooded areas are found along the course of the PO, from Cremona Municipality to south of the province. There are no woods or arboreal formations of a certain importance along the northen zone. The woods present in the area are mainly composed of: - the riparian wood - the soft wood floodplain forest - the strong wood floodplain forest
grasses and by invasive species, capable of
woods with variable coverage, but at times
very high coverages and almost always close
rather high, framed by clearings or clearings
to 100%, takes on importance within the latter.
where the shrub phase prevails.
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
37
CULTIVATED MEADOWS 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields
5020000.00
Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
Uncultivated Pastures
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
38
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
AGRICULTURAL LAND COVER (%) Total Agricultural Area
AVERAGE VALUE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS 85.5
AMOUNT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Arable Lands
4.95
Utilized Agricultural Land (UAA)
Arable Crops 80.7
Arable Lands in Irrigated Meadows
5.50
Land 177.1
Permanent Crops
3.5
Water Meadows 4.40
Permanent Pastures 1.2
Orchards 4.22
Change in % (1999-2007)
-1.6
Uncultivated Productive Land
Absolute Average Annual
300
0.53
UAA/Land (%)
135.5 76.5
*In this region, the Province of Cremona has the greatest share of UAA to total surface.
*Unit of Measure: Euro x sqm
*In this region, the Province of Cremona has the greatest share of agricltural land.
PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS ITEMS
WINE GRAPES: SURFACE AREAS OF CULTIVATION AND OUTPUT
Corn Area 23.000
Total Area 29
Corn Total Production
2.990
Area in Production 29
Corn Harvested Production
2.990
Total Production 1.392
Sorghum Area
350
Production Harvest 1.392
Sorghum Total Production
28.000
Sorghum Harvested Production
28.00
Other Cereals Area
58
Other Cereals Total Production
2.030
Other Cereals Harvested Production
2.030
*Unit of Measure: values in quintals for grapes and wine
*Unit of Measure: area in hectares (ha), production in quintals (q)
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
39
URBAN GREENS 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
5020000.00
Hedges
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
40
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
URBAN PARKS IN CREMONA left-right, top-bottom
01
Giardino Papa Giovanni Paolo II
02
Giardino di Piazza Marconi
03
Parco del Vecchio Passeggio
04
Giardino dei Profumi
05
Parco di Porta Mosa
06
Giardino di Piazza Castello
07
Giardino di Piazza Fiume
08
Giardino Giovanni Palatucci
09
Giardini di Borgo Loreto
10
Giardino di via Orti Romani
11
Parco Rita Levi Montalcini
12
Giardino città di Alaquàs
13
Giardini del Cambonino
14
Giardino di via Zana
15
Parco Ex Colonie Padane
16
Parco Iginio Sartori
17
Parco Tognazzi
18
Parco al Po - Maffo Vialli
19
Parco del Lugo
20
Lanca Bosconello
21
Parco Bissolati
22
Giardini di Sant’Ambrogio
23
Giardini del Boschetto
24
Parco Stradivari
25
Parco Caprera
26
Parco Asia
27
Giardino Falcone e Borsellino
28
Giardini di San Felice e San Savino
29
Giardino Braille
30
Giardino di via Argine Panizza
31
Parco Rosa Mariani
32
Parco Cascinetto
33
Giardino Albero della Libertà
34
Giardino di Piazza Caccia
35
Giardino delle Farfalle
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
41
5040000.00
TREES
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rows of Trees
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
5020000.00
Isolated Trees
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
42
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
Acer campastre
Ailanthus altissima
Alnus glutinosa
Alnus incana
Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa
Celtis australis
Ficus carica
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus ornus
Gleditsia triacanthos
Juglans nigra
Juglans regia
Maclura pomifera
Platanus hybrida
Populus alba
Populus canadensis
Populus canescens
Populus nigra
Populus termula
Prunus avium
Prunus cerasifera
Quercus cerris
Quercus robur
Robinia pseudoacacia
Salix alba
Tilia platyphyllos
Ulmus minor
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
43
RURAL & SEMI-RURAL 5040000.00
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rural and Semi-Rural Areas
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
5020000.00
Built Areas
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
44
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
RURAL MORPHOLOGIES
Milano The first agriculture area
The other agriculture pattern,
pattern, INTENSIVE
EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES,
ACTIVITIES, is typical of a much
is typical of the primary
smaller part of the province.
landscape in the province. It is
It is characterized by a high
characterized by an intensive
productive agricultural activity.
productive agricultural
A richer landscape exists, with
Parma, Reggio-Emilia,
activity based on a high use
smaller fields with tree lines
Modena, Carpi, Sassuolo
of chemical fertilizers and
and hedgerows and a close
pesticides.
irrigation canal network.
The FIRST SETTLEMENT
The SECOND SETTLEMENT
PATTERN is typical of both the
PATTERN consists of the
agricultural area patterns and
only two urban areas in
is characterized by rural villages
the province, the towns of
of between 500 and 2000
Cremona and
inhabitants. The villages are
Crema.
Vigevano, Pavia, Cremona, Piacenza
Bologna, Ravenna, Forli, Cesena
Rimini
URBAN AND PERI-URBAN MACRO REGION Cremona Area
This map demonstrates an interesting effect of the urbanization
Core Urban Municipalities
process that currently affects both regions that is the creation of
Peri-Urban Municipalities Other Municipalities
a sort of urban and peri-urban macro-region between Varese and Rimini. This happens as peri-urban areas of all small-medium cities extend and tend to contract and merge. This macroregion is the largest in Italy. Finally, the peri-urbanization of the whole area depends on agricultural intensification, changed preferences for industries and familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s localization (ISTAT, 2019).
connected by little roads.
TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
45
SYNTHESIS 5040000.00
TERRITORIAL SCALE
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Street Network Vineyards Orchards Vegetable Gardens Arable Lands Irrigated Areas
5020000.00
Arable Lands Rice Fields Urban Parks Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Forests Nurseries
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
Rivers and Channels
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
46
TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
From looking at the larger scale analysis we tried to rightly understand Cremona in its physical context. We come up with a variety of layers that speak the myriad of natural features the region has. A dense hydrographic line of an artificial nature, consisting of canals and artificial riverbanks, characterizing both the city and the countryside. The waterways are a prominent asset for recreation and attracting the wildlife. Tackling the protected areas, there was a conservation policy starting from the 1980s to preserve large areas affected by rapid development processes. The major intervention concerns the project called “Ten Great Forests of the Plains” which allowed the formation of vast green systems with multiple functions in harmony with the rural one. Observing the agricultural scape, the land is formed following two main patterns. The first called `intensive agricultural activities’ is typical of the primary landscape in the province of Cremona. Both patterns are pointed by isolated ‘cascine’, which over 200 of them in province of Cremona are stated abandoned.
TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS
47
5040000.00
ECOSYSTEMS
Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rivers and Channels Surface Water Bodies Regional-National Parks Local Parks Flowerbeds Trees
5020000.00
Gardens Meadows Hedges Forest Areas
0
5
4980000.00
5000000.00
Rows of Trees
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
48
TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
5040000.00
RURAL MORPHOLOGIES Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows
5020000.00
Vegetable Gardens Nurseries
4980000.00
5000000.00
Agricultural Field Subdivisions
0
5
10km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
540000.00
560000.00
580000.00
600000.00
620000.00
TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS
49
50
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS linking the Municipality of Cremona and the Po River using an analysis of the different urban and rural morpho-typologies, vegetation, and connection systems working in this particular territory
51
HISTORICAL MAPS
1702
52
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
1729
1889
1924
INFRASTRUCTURE GROWTH
1702
1729
1889
1924
Concerning the road infrastructure, this latter was mostly confined within the city wall and there was only one main connection to the river which was used for trades. In the 19th and 20th century, people started to utilise its strategic location, which is between Milan, Verona, and Genoa. Hence, most of the road infrastructure was developed on its connection. Also, more roads were formed to connect the city to the river, but this was mostly for military purposes.
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
53
HISTORICAL VALUE
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue Historical Shop
4995000.00
5000000.00
Historical Activity
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
54
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
RELIGIOUS VALUE
CULTURAL VALUE Religious Value. Landscape Top (L-R): Seminario Vescovile Via Milano, Cremona Il Duomo e Battistero VG, Cremona Duomo Interno VG, Cremona Chiesa di S. Agata. Bottom (L-R): Cremona Chiesa S. Agata VG SB, Cremona Palazzo Citta Nova Edicola Corriere Lombardo, Cremona Duomo e Battistero VG FP, Vaiano
Cremasco
Veduta
Chiesa
Parrochiale.
Vertical (L-R): Cattedrale Madonna Della Grazie di A. Massarotti, Cremona Portale Del Duomo, Cremona Duomo e Torrazzo. Cultural Value. Vertical: Cremona Scorrcio Panoramico VG Piega. Top (L-R): Saluti da Cremona Vedute Violino Stemma VG, Cremona La Galleria 25 Aprile, Saluti da Cremona Vedute Acquerellata VG, Pasticceria Milanese Ebbli. Bottom (L-R): Cremona Cortile del Palazzo Trecchi, Saluti da Cremona Vedute Stemma Acquerellata VG, Cremona Scorcio Panoramico Il Torrazzo Museum, Cremona Soc. Canottieri Baldesio La Piscina VG. Natural Value. Top (L-R): Cremona Veduta Panoramica Giardini Pubblici VG, Cremona Viale Po Rifilata Asportazioni Dietro VG SB, Cremona Il Ponte Sul Po Visto
NATURAL VALUE Salla Sirenella VG. Bottom (L-R): Piazza L. Cadorna Fontana
VG
Benzina
Shellesso, Tramonto
Cremona Sul
Fiume
Po, Cremona Piazza L. Cadorna Benzina
La Esso
Fontana Viaggiata
Rara. Vertical: Cremona Giardini
Pubblici
La
Fontana.
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
55
LAND USE
Municipality of Cremona Rivers and Channels Artificial Reservoirs Fruit Orchards Horticultural Lands Arable Lands Poplar Groves Greens, Meadows, Shrubs Parks, Gardens 5000000.00
Forests Riparian Wetland Water Basins
4995000.00
Cascine
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
56
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
1954
1999
It can be observed that around 85-90% of the area of the Cremona municipality comprised
Over the 45 year period, the residential and industrial facilities expanded widely, with the
of arable lands. The white areas represent the dense residential fabric with the historic
built fabric doubling up in surface area, expanding across the regions where the canal as
centre at its heart, and the settlements along river Po (artisanal, commercial and industrial).
well as river Po meet the municipality. The residential fabric is also distributed in fragments away from the centre.
2009
2018
While less change can be observed in the growth of the built fabric, there is a growing trend
Over the course of 60 years, there can be observed, a dense riparial axis running in the
in the distribution of fruit orchards, open field horticultural crops, meadows, and poplar
direction from West towards the city centre, along one of the linear water channels
groves all across the municipality region.
connecting to Po at the south-end of Cremona.
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
57
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Buildings Soil Grain Very Fine Clay Fine Coarse 5000000.00
Fine Silty Soil Type Clay Frank Frank Silty Frank Silty Clay
4995000.00
Frank Sandy
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
58
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
GEOMORPHOLOGY SOIL GROUP
GEOMORPHOLOGY PLAIN TYPE
Municipality of Cremona
Municipality of Cremona
Buildings
Buildings
River Po
River Po
Artificial Reservoirs
Artificial Reservoirs
Calcisols
Floodable Plain
Cambisols
Low Plain
Fluvisols Luvisols
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
59
HYDRAULIC RISK
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Wet Area of Watercourse
4995000.00
5000000.00
Water Elements
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
60
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
PO RIVER ALARM PHASE Intervention 4
Intervention 2
The alarm phase is officially triggered when the level of the river po at the reference hydrometer (bridge of po) reaches
Intervention 3
+2.69m. The alarm phase for the floodplain area is triggered when the maximum water level is about 0.5 m. from the roadway Intervention 1
in via Lungopo Europa, upstream of the bridge over the Po, equivalent to an altitude of + 2.69 m. of the free surface of the water with respect to the hydrometric zero, in anticipation of growth in the following 6-12 hours.
INTERVENTION 1
Arrangement of expansion areas in the stretch near the Lugo park
INTERVENTION 2
Adjustment of the expansion areas in the stretch between via Milano and via Acquaviva at the mouth of the Bonisolo spillway
INTERVENTION 3
Restoration of the hydraulic section between the bridge in Via Marasca Bassa and the bridge in via Acquaviva
INTERVENTION 4
Protection against regurgitation in the town of Cavatigozzi following the activation of the spillway in the navigable canal
YEAR AND MONTH
DURATION
MAX. LEVEL
1968 November
5 days
+5.35 m
1969 May 1976 October / November
3 days 20 days
+3.47 m +5.00 m
1977 May
14 days
+4.16 m
1977 September / October 1979 October
12 days 6 days
+5.17 m +4.22 m
1985 May
3 days
+3.10 m
1986 April
5 days
+3.40 m
1992 October 1993 September / October
6 days 20 days
+3.75 m +4.30 m
1994 November
4 days
+5.94 m
2000 October 2002 November 2009 April
4 days 7 days 3 days
+6.34 m +4.30 m +5.376 m
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
61
CULTIVATED MEADOWS
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields 5000000.00
Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries
4995000.00
Uncultivated Pastures
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
62
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
AMOUNT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
AGRICULTURAL LANDCOVER TYPES
PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS ITEMS It is identified that with respect to the total available agricultural land in the Cremona province, the utilized agricultural land takes up to 76.5 percentage. In this part of agriculture land cover, arable crops take up the higher land coverage in comparision with the permanent crops. Considering
the
land
value,
calculated
as euros multiplied by square meters, the average value of orchards takes the upper hand, followed by arable irrigated areas, arable lands, and meadows. And the least being
the
uncultivated
productive
land.
Other major production of crops which are prominent in the region of Cremona are corn,
Utilized Agricultural Land
Arable Crops
Corn Production Area
Other Land Use
Permanent Crops
Sorghum Production Area
harvested production is almost equivalent to the
Permanent Pastures
Other Cereals Area
total production, which is measured in quintals.
sorghum, and other cereals, where the total
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
63
URBAN GREENS
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows
4995000.00
5000000.00
Hedges
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
64
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
PARCHI LOCALI DI INTERESSE SOVRACOMUNALE (PLIS) The PLIS are parks that arise “from below”, by the express will of the local administrations. They constitute elements of “environmental reconstruction”
aimed
at
safeguarding
the
landscape-
environmental values of supra-municipal interest, in relation to the surrounding urban and natural context. The PLIS established by the Municipalities are subjected to provincial evaluation aimed at recognizing , through a provincial council resolution, the supramunicipal character of the area. Currently, 8 parks have been recognized in the Province of Cremona: Parco del Fiume Tormo, Parco dei Fontanili, Parco Agricolo del Moso, Parco del Pianalto di Romanengo e della valle dei Navigli Cremonesi, Parco di Ariadello e della Valle dei Navigli, Parco del Serio Morto, Parco del Po e del Morbasco, and Parco della Golena del Po. PARCO DEL PO E DEL MORBASCO The park was established in 1999 and occupies a portion of the riparian territory of Gerre de ‘Caprioli, a municipality located on the left bank of the River Po, about 2 km south of Cremona. The topographical conformation is characterized by sub-flat surfaces slightly degrading towards the bed of the River Po and towards the south-east, where there is a dense secondary hydrographic network particularly developed, mainly represented by drainage channels. The park, covering 500 hectares, is crossed by carriage roads, floodplain embankments, and minor paths that connect the various environments. The paths are easy and allow the parks recreational and informative function while respecting nature. There are three main nature trails in the park: anong the Cavo Morta, the Morbasco, and the Po River. The park has become a place to go on weekends– for walking, cycling, horseback riding, or attending the Sunday street market. The most populated center is Bosco Ex Parmigiano, located on the left bank of the Po, while the area called Isolone is located on the right bank.
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
65
ECOLOGICAL INTEREST
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Green Areas Local Parks Other Woods Woods
5000000.00
Ecological Interest
4995000.00
A
B
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
66
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
PATTERNS OF ECOLOGICAL INTEREST AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PO RIVER
GROWTH OF THE “GREAT PLAIN FORESTS” REFORESTATION PROJECT (1940s vs PRESENT)
A
B The recovery of the floodplain area, through actions aimed at increasing the wooded areas, creating about 40 Ha of woods (10 Large lowland forests, Multifunctional Green Systems). The most significant intervention in terms of interest and breadth of areas involved concerns the “Un Po di Foreste” project as part of the regional initiative called “Ten Great Forests of the Plains” which allowed the formation of vast green systems with multiple functions in harmony with the rural system and the guidelines of the European policy for the improvement of the quality of life and the environment, with the aim of rebalancing the territory, reducing pollution and increasing biodiversity. This program has allowed the start of a complex forestation operation of stable and typical species of the Po Valley.
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
67
RURAL & SEMI-RURAL A
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Buildings Rural & Semi-Rural
B
Identified Pattern
5000000.00
C
4995000.00
D
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
68
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
PATTERN A
PATTERN C
intensive
first
agricultural
settlement
activities
pattern
PATTERN B
PATTERN D
extensive
second
agricultural
settlement
activities
pattern
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
69
TREES
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Woods Other Woods
4995000.00
5000000.00
Tree Rows
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
70
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
The
family,
Salix alba
Populus termula
Salicaceae
the
a
family,
of
most
Poplar cultivation is the
Widespread
throughout
the provincial territory, the black
flowering plants. The traditional
throughout the Po floodplain. The
poplar appears above all along
family (Salicaceae sensu stricto)
poplar groves present along the
the river courses, but it can
included
poplar,
course of Adda and Oglio also
also be found in the remaining
aspen, and cottonwoods. Under
have great extension, especially
countryside,
the
all
in the central-southern sectors, as
degraded areas, such as disused
members of the family are trees
well as along the Serio and often,
quarries or other. In the tree-lined
or shrubs that have simple leaves
even in the open countryside of
rows it has disappeared almost
with alternate arrangement and
the fundamental level of the plain.
everywhere, replaced by the now
temperate members are usually
Finally, the Euro-American hybrid
ubiquitous hybrid poplar, more
deciduous. Most members have
poplars are the most cultivated
profitable economically.
serrate or dentate leaf margins,
arboreal plants in rows along
and those that have such toothed
irrigation canals, on the edge of
margins all exhibit salicoid teeth.
fields and roads, and wherever it
the
willows,
circumscription,
widespread
cultivation
new
willow
are
in
marginal
or
is possible to plant some trees. Populus nigra
Populus canescens
Populus canadensis
Juglans regia
Prunus cerasifera
Populus alba
Juglans nigra
Prunus avium
Acer campastre
Ailanthus altissima
Alnus glutinosa
Platanus hybrida
Salicaceae
Juglandaceae
Rosaceae
Aceraceae
Simaroubaceae
Betulaceae
Platanaceae
Quercus robur Robinia pseudoacacia
Fagaceae
Leguminosae
Ulmus minor
Ulmaceae
MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS
71
SYNTHESIS MUNICIPAL SCALE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT flowerbeds trees gardens meadows woods water elements
72
MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS
MANMADE ENVIRONMENT cascine historical places cultivated meadows uncultivated pasture floodplain
With the municipal scale analysis, we have taken into consideration these factors that would be impactful for our strategical proposal. Firstly, the areas of the historic floodplain of the Po and the adjoining fluvial territories are of fundamental importance in the development of the Cremonese territory linked to the irrigating waters of the productive countryside. This being said, urban landmarks, historical avenues and water flows can go hand in hand to interlace with the green system offering a complete wisely used and appealingly apprehended landscape. Secondly, regarding the cascines,(where quite a lot have been abandoned) specifically the ones located close enough to larger urban areas as Cremona are often specialized in cultivating fresh perishable vegetables that were very profitable in urban markets. Therefore, an activation of these rural identity-holders will allow a contextual response nay a land palimpsest. Lastly, Cremona has a respectable consistency of green heritage, in relation to its size, particularly concentrated in the riparian belt of the Po Park and in the areas outside the historic centre and the old city walls. There are also areas with leisure furniture throughout the municipality along with few bike paths whose itineraries cross the floodplain areas. Many of these areas were created to complete subdivision interventions. In coordination with Regione Lombardia and the Provincial Administration, it was possible to benefit from funding for the construction of new woodlands.
MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS
73
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Municipality of Cremona River Po Wet Area of Watercourse Water Elements Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows Woods 5000000.00
Other Woods
4995000.00
Tree Rows
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
74
MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
MANMADE ENVIRONMENT
Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain Shops and Historical Places Cascine Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue 5000000.00
Historical Shop Historical Activity Cultivated Meadows Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries
4995000.00
Uncultivated Pastures
0
1
2km
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
575000.00
580000.00
585000.00
MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS
75
76
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS rediscovery of neglected landscapes using human level point-of-view analysis and identifying the gaze of the users
77
HISTORICAL SITES
A
River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain
4998000.00
Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue Historical Shop Historical Activity Main Path
4996000.00
B
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
78
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
VIEW A
VIEW B
Piazza Antonio Stradivari & Cremona Torrazza
Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Imbarcadero di Pedroni Gaia Impresa Individuale
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
79
HYDRAULIC RISK
River Po Medium Danger Flood Medium Hydraulisk Risk
4998000.00
Low Danger Flood
A
High Hydraulic Risk Main Path
4996000.00
B
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
80
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
C
580000.00
582000.00
VIEW A Floodplain: In The City
VIEW B Floodplain: Agricultural Lands
VIEW C Floodplain: Riverside
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
81
FORESTS
River Po Local Parks Woods 4998000.00
Other Woods Main Path
A
4996000.00
C
0
250
500m
B CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
82
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
VIEW B Monofunctional Infrastructure
A Stratified Urban-Rural Landscapes
C Deforested Riparian Landscape
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
83
CULTIVATED MEADOWS
River Po Buildings Main Path 4998000.00
A
B
4996000.00
C
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
84
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
A
Transition from Urban Fabric to Cultivated
B
Transition from Public Urban Green to More Rural
Meadows with Tree Lines along the Path
Cultivated Meadows
C
Landscape along the Riparian Area of the River Po
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
85
URBAN PARKS
River Po Parco Lanca Bosconello Parco Avventura Cremona 4998000.00
Parco Lungo Po Europa Camping Parco al Po Parco al Po Maffo Vialli Parco Colonie Padane Parco Igino Sartori
4996000.00
Main Path
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
86
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
Camping Parco al Po
Parco Igino Sartori
Parco Lungo Po Europa
Parco Colonie Padane
Parco Lanca Bosconello
Parco al Po Maffo Vialli
Parco Avventura Cremona
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
87
TREES
River Po Tree Lines
4998000.00
Main Path
8
7
6 5
4
4996000.00
3
0
250
500m
2
1
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
88
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
89
RURAL & SEMI-RURAL
River Po
A
Buildings
4998000.00
Main Path
B
4996000.00
C
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
90
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
PATTERN A
VIEW A
PATTERN B
VIEW B
PATTERN C
VIEW C
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
91
LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION POINT 1 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE River Po Heightened Perception Framed View 4998000.00
Panoramic View View Cone Symbolic Landmarks Pedestrian Path Bicycle Path Main Path
4996000.00
POINT 2 AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
92
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
580000.00
582000.00
4998000.00
POINT 3 TREE-LINED AVENUE
4996000.00
POINT 4 EXPLORATIVE PATH
0
250
500m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
580000.00
582000.00
FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS
93
SYNTHESIS FOCUS AREA SCALE From the analysis of the focus area we can say that the
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
CIRCULATION INFRASTRUCTURE
LANDMARKS
observerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s view is influenced by several elements along
tree-lined streets
cycle circulation area
buildings & built-up spaces
this path, as we walk from the historic centre towards river
isolated trees
pedestrian circulation area
parks & natural landmarks
Po. In the city centre it focuses on the cultural landscapes
urban parks
vehicular circulation area
and also provides visual frames of historically significant
agricultural areas
structures. There is a change in the paving which marks the
water & particular formations
transition from the historic centre outwards. Moving away from the city centre, we observe that, at the junction where the path takes a turn, there is an abandoned structure with a tower that becomes a landmark along this path. We then begin to approach the agricultural fields, where the landscape directs the gaze. The agricultural fields align themselves along one edge while the row of trees along the other, thereby providing a panoramic view on the fields as seen in the perspective view. These row of trees create a serene experience along this pathway. As we approach the river edge, the tree-lined edges define and frame the view, with a porous edge that merges into the Parco al Po Lanca Bosconello, the other end of our circuit. Hence, the chosen strategy area can be defined as an in-between space which the two edges of it is the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban landscape and the river Po. It has the double characteristic of dividing and connecting two opposite types of environments: the built and the rural one. The site is composed by a multitude of elements despite of what can be seen just at first sight. The main presence is the one of agricultural fields considered to be an advantage for the area thanks to their proximity to some residential cores of the city. In this case, a Peri-urban agriculture. This typology of landscape also hosts several Cascine. Overall, we observe a possibility in developing a soft mobility on the main promenade with more integration with the agro-landscape.
94
FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS
4998500.00
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Isolated Trees Tree-Lined Street Water Elements Agricultural Area Crop Formations Uncultivated Pastures Alfalfa Soft Wheat Sorghum Grain 4998000.00
Ryegrass Corn Silage Urban Parks & Green Areas Particular Formations
4997500.00
Forests
4997000.00
0
100
200m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
579000.00
579500.00
580000.00
580500.00
FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS
95
CIRCULATION
4998500.00
INFRASTRUCTURE Vehicular Circulation Cycle Circulation Pedestrian Circulation Road Junctions Vehicle Pathway Cycle Pathway
4997500.00
4998000.00
Pedestrial Pathway
100
200m 4997000.00
0
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
96
FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS
579000.00
579500.00
580000.00
580500.00
4998500.00
LANDMARKS Abandoned Building Cascina Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Activity Piazza Religious Site Historical Venue Cultural Site Historical Shop 4998000.00
Recreational Sites
4997500.00
Urban Park
4997000.00
0
100
200m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
579000.00
579500.00
580000.00
580500.00
FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS
97
98
FOCUS AREA CONCLUSION
STRATEGY proposed interventions at punctual points identified throughout the analysis that revitalize and reuse the existing landscape
99
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
100
URBAN AREA
URBAN - RURAL AREA
URBAN - RURAL AREA
improvement of the connectivity of historical landmarks
development of community gardens along the
outward expansion of the riparian area as an agro-forest
and cultural centers as green soft mobility pathways
urban side; regeneration of agricultural fields and
and peri-urban forest to interconnect with the urban parks
renaturalization of the river along the rural side
and rural landscape
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY MAP
4998500.00
1
Giardini Papa Giovanni
2
Piazza Stradivari
3
Cascina Via Boscone
4
Canal Renaturalization
5
Shared Street Vision
6
Sense of Direction
7
Continuous River Path
8
Panoramic Tower
4998000.00
2
1
3
4997500.00
5
6 4
7
8
4997000.00
0
100
200m
CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)
579000.00
579500.00
580000.00
580500.00
STRATEGY MAP
101
GIARDINI PAPA GIOVANNI URBAN AREA
The starting point of our path is the Giardini Papa Giovanni in the urban area. Being in the heart of the municipality, the park is currently isolated from the other natural areas of Cremona. Therefore, our strategy at this junction is to connect it to the more rural area by creating a series of tree-lined paths, thereby establishing a stronger relationship between the urban and the rural.
3
1
4
2
KEYMAP
102
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
EXISTING
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
PIAZZA STRADIVARI URBAN AREA
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
EXISTING
soft mobility pathways
permeable pavement
urban seating furniture
street lighting
planters with seating
visually leading patterns
KEYMAP
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
103
CASCINA VIA BOSCONE
POLLINATORS
URBAN - RURAL AREA crops protection wildlife habitat soil quality
The intensification of agricultural production systems during the last decades had an enormous impact on landscape structure in agro-ecosystems. Landscape elements like hedges and vegetational rich fieldmargins dissapeared and crops are cultivated in large monocultures. To let beneficial insects play a role in these â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ecological desertsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and to fullfill their food requirements in form of pollen and nectar the establishment of flowering field edges gets increasingly popular. The palette that we propose is a combination of pollinaters, nitrogen fixers and suppressors to conserve the biodiversity in fields. All these flowers are common to Cremona region and grows perfectly regarding its climate conditions. The nitrogen fixers convert nitrogen of the air into usable form for soil. The pollinators plants attract bees and other pollinaters. The suppressors suppress the growth of harmful plants for the soil. Part of the existing cascina will work as a flower market and a storage unit for the new yields.
KEYMAP
104
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
EXISTING
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
NITROGEN FIXERS
SUPPRESORS
CANAL RENATURALIZATION URBAN - RURAL AREA
IMPLANTATION : soft / MEDIUM / Hard This nature-based solution (NBS) needs specific calculations according to the situation and characterization of every river channel. It does create important modifications in the environment. AMORTIZATION : short term / MEDIUM TERM / long term / no amortisation The terramesh system recovers the investment between 10 to 20 years. WATER MANAGEMENT Modular terramesh walls provide effective flood protection by stabilising earth embankment. GREEN SPACE MANAGEMENT Terramesh walls increase green areas around urban rivers and result in formation of new little ecosystems by creating green slopes. PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Terramesh implementation enhances aesthetic values around rivers by replacing concrete river banks with soft green vegetation texture.
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
EXISTING
KEYMAP
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
105
SHARED STREET VISION URBAN - RURAL AREA
STEPPED SEATING
overlooking the fields
This junction develops into a bridge between Parco Igino Sartori and the fields, with a series of wooden platforms overlooking the fields. A new community garden is created within the park, with a new defined entrance replacing the existing entrance further ahead along this path. Provisions for a kiosk can allow the community garden produce to be sold in this square. The idea is to allow pedestrians and cyclists to pause, and absorb the transition towards the rural fabric, while ensuring preference for pedestrian movement over motorized transport.
community garden / park entrance to garden kiosk stepped seating fields
KEYMAP
106
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
EXISTING
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
WOOD KIOSK
selling of farm produce
NEW ENTRANCE
to Parco Igino Sartori
SENSE OF DIRECTION URBAN - RURAL AREA
The idea for this intervention is to humanize the main promenade of the path by setting a new configuration of the road with a green central median allowing pedestrians and cyclists to use the road safely. This median is equiped with a bioswale system that filters and collects water. This can be used then to irrigate the adjacent agricultural fields.
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
EXISTING
KEYMAP
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
107
CONTINUOUS RIVER PATH RURAL AREA
At present, the area directly beside the river serves as an escape for the locals to stroll, walk, and sometimes bike along. However, there is a lack of continuity in the paths that are adjacent to the river. Every so often there are private or inaccessible areas that prevent a continuous path enjoying the riverfront. The proposal is to relocate or adjoin these spaces to provide a better public space for people to enjoy and promote a better connection and acces to the water.
green public space sloped embankment direct access to riverfront panoramic view pedestrian and bike access
KEYMAP
108
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
EXISTING
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
PANORAMIC TOWER RURAL AREA
The
existing
space
has
the
following elements: 1) car park, 2) boat club, 3) natural areas, and 4) semi-private areas. The strategy in this area is to convert the car park into a green public space and strengthening an attraction to the natural area by
introducing
a
panoramic
tower to have a view of the city, river, and green areas like the nearby agricultural fields, forests, etc.
STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION
EXISTING
KEYMAP
4 1 3 2
STRATEGY INTERVENTION
109
CONCLUSIONS
We acupunctured the proposed network with main points of pressure as areas of possible interventions. These interventions have two objectivesâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; establishing a stronger relationship between the urbal-rural and natural landscapes and secondly to renaturalize and regenerate the natural and rural landscapes in the respective scenarios. Starting from the city center at Giardini Papa Giovanni, the goal was connect it to the countryside by creating a series of tree-lined paths. In the historical centre, we replaced the existing vehicular area with resting spots and green areas for people to linger around. In the rural areas, we proposed the establishment of flowering field pockets with a combination of pollinators, nitrogen fixers, and suppressors to conserve the biodiversity in the fields by supporting the birds and insects that play an important role in these â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ecological desertsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by fulfilling their food requirements in the form of pollen and nectar. We also provided a community garden in the junction between urban and rural along with the provisions of kiosks for people to sell their produce. In the natural zones, our implementation concerns the renaturalization of the canal, vertically crossing the main path, and separating the urban and the peri-urban areas. We proposed modular terramesh walls that will provide effective flood protection by stabilizing the earth embankment. Moreover, this will help increase green areas around the waterbed and result in formation of new ecosystems in the gradually generated ecotones. Our other interventions include the provision of a panoramic tower to provide a 360-degree view of the urban, rural, and natural landscapes, and the expansion of the bike route near the river to the currently inaccessible private areas to provide a better public space for users to enjoy and be aware of the waterscapes. With these interventions we aim to achieve to our goal by creating a relationship between urban, rural, and natural through a green and a sustainable approach.
110
STRATEGY CONCLUSIONS
STRATEGY CONCLUSIONS
111
REFERENCES
1
ELLIS, Frank; SUMBERG, James (February 1998). “Food production, urban areas and policy responses”.
2
ZASADA, Ingo (October 2011). “Multifunctional peri-urban agriculture—A review of societal demands and the provision of
goods and services by farming”. Land Use Policy.
3
BERGER, Alan (2006), Drosscape, Princeton Architecture Press, 2006.
4
BUSQUETS Joan (2004), Bridging the Harvard Yards to the River, GSD.
5
CORBOZ, Andrée (2001) “La description entre lecture et écriture” in Le Territoire comme palimpseste et autres essais, Paris, Les
Éditions de l’Imprimeur, p. 249-256.
6
HOLLAND, Leigh (June 2004). “Diversity and connections in community gardens: a contribution to local sustainability”.
7
[(2019), Soil and the intensification of agriculture for global food security] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S0160412019315855?via%3Dihub
8
(2000), Sustainable landscape planning for Cremona, Italy
9
WINKLER, Karin (2005). Assessing the risks and benefits of flowering field edges] https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/
fulltext/41700
10
112
REFERENCES
http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/
PROJECT TEAM
Oriola Alhasa
Glen Carlo Canlas
Anashwara Jayakumar
Mariya Hamada
Fabiola Mogrovejo
Sri Vidya Mushty
Nina Camille Pilapil
Prathyusha Ravichandran
Ranjana Siva
PROJECT TEAM
113
INVASIVE LANDSCAPES
from punctual interventions to a self-healing land
strategies for the modern rural landscapes in the city of Cremona MSc Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design IC Landscape Representation and Modelling 1st Semester 2020 - 2021
Project Team:
Oriola Alhasa Glen Carlo Canlas Anashwara Jayakumar Mariya Hamada Fabiola Mogrovejo Sri Vidya Mushty Nina Camille Pilapil Prathyusha Ravichandran Ranjana Siva
Supervisors:
Prof. Alessandro Bianchi Prof. Giovanna Sona
Assistants:
Andrea Asti Mattia Belloni Alessia Damone Gianmarco Paris