PETERBOROUGH
SOUTH BANK D E S I G N A N D AC C E S S S TAT E M E N T
Nisha Gandhi C3274344 6688 words LA705 Advanced Landscape Architecture Major Design Project PG Diploma Landscape Architecture Leeds Beckett University, UK
PETERBOROUGH
FOREWORD This design and access statement looks at a potential development site based in central Peterborough. The site is currently vacant and has high potential as a development and regeneration scheme.
SOUTHBANK, PETERBOROUGH
SOUTHBANK PARK. THE INTERSECTIO
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTI ON
SITE CONTEXT + ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
MASTERPLAN MASTERPLAN
Purpose of this Document
11
Existing Physical Context
24
Concept
46
Site Location
12
History + Heritage
26
Vision
48
Policy Background
14
Conservation
30
Aims + Objectives
50
Site Description
18
City Character
32
Masterplan
52
Proposed Development
20
Urban Context
33
Contextual Influences
58
Topography
34
Component Layers
59
Waterfront Analysis
36
Functions + Uses
60
Green Infrastructure
38
Flexible Spaces
61
Connectivity
40
Views + Vistas
62
Constraints + Opportunities
42
Sections
64
Programming
66
Scale
68
Phasing
69
ON OF HERITAGE, CULTURE + NATURE. PROJECT DESIGN STATEMENT
LANDSCAPE + PUBLIC REALM LANDSCAPE
ACCESS + MOVEMENT ACCESS
APPENDICES + REFERENCES REFERENCES
Architectural Intent
72
Connectivity
88
Appendices
94
Water Sensitive Urban Design
74
Inclusive Design
90
References
98
Public Art
75
Wayfinding + Signage
76
Street Furniture
77
Hard Materials
78
Soft Materials
80
Landscape Over Time
82
Section Through Reedbeds
84
Section Through Wet Woodlands
85
“Streets are the life blood of our towns and cities. They facilitate a huge variety of activities and functions which can constantly change and evolve, reflecting the local dynamics of place.� ARUP 2014
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Purpose of this Document This Design and Access Statement (DAS) has been prepared by Nisha Gandhi, for a major development proposal in the South Bank area of Peterborough City Centre. The structure and content of this DAS has been informed by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the guidance on: “Design and Access Statements: How to Write, Read and Use them.” (CABE, 2006)
The primary objectives of this document are to: •
Provide an overview of the site and it’s immediate and wider context, in terms of relevant planning policy, physical and social character.
•
Provide a rationale for the major redevelopment of the site in South Bank.
•
Explain and illustrate the following design objectives: 1. Accessibility - Design a quality destination in Peterborough that is well connected and accessible. 2. People - Create an inspirational and functional space that is suitable for potential users. 3. Green Infrastructure - Respond to the need for a high quality green space in the city. 4. Context - Design a destination that integrates well with, and enhances the local context. 5. Environmental/Social/Economic/Cultural - Responds to Peterborough’s target for more sustainable, cultural and economically sound developments.
All plans, visualisations and illustrations contained in this document are provided for illustrative purposes only, and to assist in explaining the development of the major development proposals. 11
INTRODUCTION SITE LOCATION
The proposed site for major redevelopment is situated in central Peterborough, adjacent to the River Nene and within proximity of the city centre. The shape of the site is almost rectangular, with four sensitive boundaries. The north side is bounded by the river, with Frank Perkins Parkway (A1139) east, London Road (A15) west, and the Ely to Peterborough railway line bounding the south of the site. Within the bounds stated, the majority of the site area has previously been developed and vacated, making it a brownfield zone.
GLASGOW
PETERBOROUGH LEEDS 2
MANCHESTER
16 1
4
17 5 8
6
9
3 7
22
15 13 11
14 12 18
10
21
CITY CENTRE
19
NORWICH
20
B IRMINGHAM
WARD MAP 1. BARNACK 2. NORTHBOROUGH 3. GLINTON + WITTERING 4. WERRINGTON NORTH 5. WERRINGTON SOUTH 6. BRETTON NORTH 7. BRETTON SOUTH 8. WALTON
12
CAMBRIDGE 9. RAVENSTHORPE 10. WEST 11. CENTRAL 12. PARK 13. NORTH 14. DOGSTHORPE 15. PASTON 16. NEWBOROUGH
17. EYE + THORNEY 18. STANGROUND CENTRAL 19. STANGROUND EAST 20. HAMPTON 21. ORTON LONGUEVILLE 22. ORTON WATERVILLE
OXFORD
LONDON
CENTRAL PARK
LEEDS (117 miles)
STANLEY RECREATION GROUND
BUS STATION
NORWICH (76.8 miles)
QUEENSGATE SHOPPING CENTRE
RAILWAY STATION
CATHEDRAL
CINEMA
CATHEDRAL SQUARE CRESCENT BRIDGE
RECREATION GROUNDS PETERBOROUGH MUSEUM
LEICESTER (41.6 miles)
LIDO TOWN HALL
ASDA
GREYHOUNDS
KEY THEATRE
FERRY MEADOWS R
I
V
EMBANKMENT E
STUDY AREA
R
N
E
N
CONNECT21 NEW HOUSING DEVELOPMENT E
RAILWORLD GREEN BACK YARD
NENE WASHES
SOUTH BANK HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
ANGLIA RUSKING UNIVERSITY ABAX STADIUM BRITISH SUGAR
1km
CAMBRIDGE (34.2 miles)
0
INTRODUCTION POLICY BACKGROUND
The proposed development follows the ambition and vision of the Peterborough Local Development Framework. The site for this development has been identified as a key ‘Opportunity Area’ within development Plan. Regeneration of this area has been long overdue, and will assist in making the city centre more accessible via the south of the river. The Southbank proposal should be undertaken as part of a wider growth and regeneration of Peterborough City Centre. The City Centre Plan sets out the council’s long term vision and objectives. •
•
It will be easy to walk around the city centre with improved connections to the river and railway station along pleasant, safe streets and paths.
•
Those buildings and places that we love for their heritage value, for nature conservation, or simply for their sense of place, will be conserved and enhanced.
•
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“Peterborough will have regained its position as a top retail centre and will be a strong regional destination for shopping, leisure, culture, business and entertainment throughout the day and evening.
The city centre will include a thriving riverside setting with bars, restaurants and housing, with continuous riverside walks and an iconic pedestrian and cycle bridge across the river to the embankment.
•
•
The city centre will be the centrepiece of an exemplary “environment capital”. New development will embrace sustainability principles in key areas such as travel options, use of technology, energy use and resource efficiency. The city centre will include new highquality housing, offering a sought after place to live which meets 21st Century lifestyles.”
“By 2026 Peterborough city centre will have become an even more attractive, vibrant and distinctive place to visit, work and live, with a greater range of attractions and facilities.” (DPD, 2013)
Development Document Plan (2013) •
“Peterborough is an ambitious city with a diverse economy and exciting plans for growth.”
•
It’s the UK’s second fastest growing city by population and is transforming quickly with a £1 billion regeneration programme already underway.
•
A medieval city with a cosmopolitan population of 188,400 people, Peterborough is a city focused on investment, growth, connectivity and opportunity. It has an increasing reputation as the city of choice for major global players, small and medium sized enterprises (SME’s) and innovative start up companies [..making it] the ideal location to invest, work and live.” Invest in Peterborough Website
•
“Peterborough is one of the UK’s four future city demonstrators and home to the country’s largest cluster of environmental businesses. Through our smart city programme, we’re changing the way our urban systems work and creating the UK’s environment capital.”
•
2015 Smart City of the Year Peterborough’s commitment to becoming the UK’s first circular city and its environment capital vision.
ELTON HALL
KEY THEATRE
EMBANKMENT RIVERSIDE
NENE VALLEY PARK
RIVER NENE
FERRY MEADOWS
RIVERGATE
BURGHLEY HOUSE
THE LIDO - OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL TRAIN STATION
HAMPTON ‘TUMP’
ST JOHNS CHURCH
PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL
SHANKS MILLENIUM BRIDGE MILTON FERRY BRIDGE
TOWN HALL
CATHEDRAL SQUARE
TOWN BRIDGE
Current and Proposed Development
Riverside Policy
The council has already engage in the process of urban regeneration in other areas of the city centre. These are an example of some of the public and private developments that are current being constructed in the city, or have been submitted for planning. Most of the development is north of the river, with most being residential led due to the growth of the city.
The following objectives have been identified from the DPD (2013) in respect to the Riverside Policy area: •
Potential to create a cultural quarter which straddles the Riverside North and Riverside South policy areas, incorporating the Key Theatre and Lido. (3.6.4.)
Refer to the Feasibility Study for more information on current and proposed development in Peterborough.
•
Wherever possible, new and existing green spaces in the city centre should help to improve connectivity for pedestrians and function as part of the wider Peterborough Green Grid network, providing links and access to the Nene Valley and to the open countryside. (3.8.5)
•
Former Hospital Site – residential proposal
•
Long Causeway – Public Realm works
•
North Westgate – Extension of Public Realm and shopping quarter
•
Bourges Boulevard – Highway and Public Realm works
•
Hereward Tower – Regeneration of existing apartments
•
London Road apartments
•
Connect 21 apartments
•
Station Quarter – Transport and Public Realm works
•
Reconnection the River Nene to the City Core, by improving the links for pedestrians and cyclists, and making the most of this important asset are also key elements of the strategy for the City Centre. Riverside locations have the potential to create highly attractive settings for new development, but it is generally acknowledged that the potential of the river and surrounding area has not been fully exploited. Much of the development during the course of the 20th Century served to isolate the riverfront from the remainder of the city centre and, with the notable exception of the Key Theatre; there are few leisure uses that take advantage of the riverside. (3.8.6)
•
Support of development, which would enhance recreation or bring landscape, nature conservation, heritage, cultural or amenity benefits. It seeks greater public access and the achievement of continuous publicly accessible paths and cycle routes alongside the river. (3.8.7)
•
A consistent theme running through all of the changes in this area will be measures to make the river and its banks more accessible and more attractive for all users, including opportunities for greater use by pleasure craft. (4.4.9)
•
“Development will be supported, in principle, where it helps to secure the transformation of disused and underused land, in order to create an enhanced gateway into the city centre.” (Policy CC6)
•
Demonstrate that the development will be safe without increasing flood risk elsewhere. (Policy CC6)
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INTRODUCTION SITE DESCRIPTION
The site in its current situation is unused and inaccessible. The site has not been maintained for any purpose and has previously been vandalised with graffiti in various locations. The Grade I Listed buildings and Flour Mill are vacant and have fallen to ill repair. There is no natural surveillance to the site, and it radiates a poor urban quality to the immediate context of the site and the city centre. The only areas that may be considered valuable are a few existing trees on the rivers edge, parts of a Public Right of Way path, a dis-used Flour Mill and two Grade I listed railway buildings.
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Existing Uses South of the area is the Southbank Housing development (not shown on aerial). The development is Britain’s largest development of zero carbon homes with public open spaces and sustainable urban drainage systems. It provides a mixture of two to four bedroom homes, plus a seven-storey apartment block, covering a total of 17 hectares. Directly to the north of the site is the Embankment. This high value open space caters for seasonal events such as festivals and fairs.
Further north is the city centre, which is urban and hard in character. The proposed site is an anchor of the north-south spine/axis running through the city centre from Central Park. Overall, the site is surrounded by residential to the south, with mainly commercial buildings towards the city centre. The Embankment contains a theatre and a leisure building.
NENE WASHES
EMBANKMENT RIVER NENE
KEY THEATRE
CITY CENTRE
STUDY AREA
ABAX FOOTBALL STADIUM
Aerial photograph of Peterborough South Bank 19
INTRODUCTION PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
The Southbank proposal transforms an un-used brownfield site into a functional and cultural destination for Peterborough. It proposes three new medium-storey apartment blocks with mixed-use ground floor facilities, a new hotel proposal located on the edge of the river, and an office block situated in a prime location. The existing Grade I listed railway sheds and Flour Mill are proposed to be converted into a residential block, and an arts centre and gallery. The high quality open space provides many functions and uses. Drawing from the characters east and west of the site, the park provides users with open access along the waterfront, with paths weaving in and around the site. Designing innovatively with the levels on site has helped to create pockets of spaces and a terracing effect towards the river, which also lends inspiration to the flat topography within most of Peterborough. The site transitions in character from urban formal from the west, to natural rural in the east. The transition of character is inspired by the larger west-east journey from Ferry Meadows Nature Park to the Nene Washes. Identifying the need for more interaction
20
between people and water in the city, the edge of the river is accessible with decked terraces and a kayaking/canoeing rental area next to the hotel. Another identified constraint with the existing site was the lack of accessibility to and through the site. The proposed development provides a safer alternative vehicular access from London Road, a landmark bridge connecting the Embankment to the site, an improved access to the existing Public Right of Way (PRoW) to the east, new access from under Town Bridge and the Southbank housing site. The above weaves together to create a monumental destination, intersecting heritage, culture and nature.
Additional Information For the purpose of this document, information regarding general or technical information can be found in the Southbank Feasibility Study and Southbank Technical Study respectively, written by the named author. Relevant guidance will be referenced throughout this document and credited as necessary.
SOUTH BANK
N
CITY CENTRE KEY THEATRE
URBAN WATERFRONT ACCESS UNDER BRIDGE
WETLAND PLATFORM
BRIDGE EMBANKMENT
ON R D
SQUARE
PARK WAY
ROWER/ KAYAKING DOCKS
LOND
RI V
ER
NE
NE
NENE WASHES
WILDLIFE PARADISE
ENTRANCE MIXED USE BUILDINGS BANK/BUFFER PLANTING
SOUTHBANK ENTRANCE
UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING HISTORIC QUARTER
ABAX FOOTBALL STADIUM
SOUTHBANK HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
GALLERY MUSEUM / HOTEL / OFFICE SPACE / COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
“Living in cities is an art, and we need the vocabulary of art, of style, to describe the peculiar relationship between man and material that exists in the continual creative play of urban living.� JONATHAN RABAN
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
ANALYSIS
EXISTING PHYSICAL CONTEXT
KEY THEATRE
The project site is located adjacent to the river in Peterborough. The site totals an area of 68,000 squares meters (6.8 hectares). Opposite the site, is the Embankment open space used for seasonal temporary events throughout the year. Adjacent to that is the Key Theatre, a popular cultural destination in the city. Either side of the site are heavily used access roads to the city centre – described as inaccessible and constrains pedestrian access to the site. To the south of the site is the Southbank Housing Development (Sustainable Carbon Challenge) and the ABAX football stadium used biweekly for matches. Across London Road, is a well-known drinking eastablishment called Charters.
EMBANKMENT
ABAX STADIUM
SOUTHBANK HOUSING
Within the site boundary are large areas of un-developed land and a cluster of Listed Buildings.
CHARTERS
24
N
CITY CENTRE
KEY THEATRE
FRANK PERKINS PARKWAY
EMBANKMENT
RD
RI V
LONDO N
ER
NE
NE
LISTED BUILDINGS SOUTHBANK HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ABAX FOOTBALL STADIUM
ANALYSIS HISTORY + HERITAGE
The diagrams below show the expansion of the city over a thousand-year period. The city centred around the Cathedral with most of the development occurring north of the river. In 1923, the original Railway Station was re-opened and re-named as Peterborough East. Passenger services on the line to Northampton were discontinued in May 1964 and freight services from Peterborough East were terminated in April 1966. The remaining passenger services on the route to Rugby were withdrawn in June 1966 although the station continued to serve as a parcel depot until December 1970. The site has previously had many different uses. The First Edition map (right) of Peterborough (1856 – 1908) shows the site was used as a timber yard. The site was also used by Mitchell Engineering LTD, commercial use (B&Q) and council offices, until all buildings were demolished. A highlighted feature of the site, was the bas-relief sculpture that faced onto London Road. The
1000
26
1200
sculpture, built in 1961 by Howard Lobb and Partners, shows inscriptions by A. J. Ayres depicting Administration, Design, and Works by various historical and mythical figures, including Archimedes, Minerva and Isaac Newton. Unfortunately, with the adjacent office building being demolished, it was taken down and stored away. The proposed development has integrated the sculpture as a feature in the landscape near the cultural quarter of the site. Remaining on the site, is the Whitworth Flour Mill building (building of local importance) which fronts onto the River Nene. The flour mill is the only surviving building of three brick mills/warehouses which were constructed for the Earl Fitzwilliam between 1840 and 1850.
1721
1850
Adjacent to the mill are the two un-used Grade II listed railway sheds, which have importance to the heritage of railways. The site was once considered a possible location for the National Railway Museum in 1971, before York was considered in 1975. Across from the site, adjacent to London Road is the Customs House (Grade II Listed and a Scheduled Monument). The proposal has taken into consideration the importance and sensitivity of this building, and has encouraged views across the river to it.
1900
1981
STUDY AREA
1ST EDITION MAP OF PETERBOROUGH (1856 - 1908)
WHITWORTH FLOUR MILL
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GRADE I LISTED RAILWAY SHEDS
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ANALYSIS CONSERVATION
Peterborough has a very rich history and heritage. The city was originally a Saxon settlement known as Medehamstede, meaning ‘meadown homestead’. It’s heritage highlights include the Cathedral (originally an Abbey until 1238), Flag Fen (an archaeological site dating back to the Bronze Age) and many other buildings of interest as shown below.
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1 St Johns the Baptist Church
2 Guildhall
3 Customs House
4 Grade II Listed Railway Sheds
5 Whitworth Flour Mill
6 Railway Bridge
7 Lido
8 Laurel Court
The study area currently contains two Grade II listed buildings. Whitworth Flour Mill and Railway Sheds from the previous Great Eastern Railway Station.
1
2
8 7
6
3 STUDY AREA
5 4
Conservation area
Listed Parks + Gardens
Scheduled Monument
Grade I (A) Listed Building
Grade II (B) Listed Building
Grade II (C) Listed Building
1km 0
ANALYSIS CITY CHARACTER
Peterborough as a city has low-variety of character. The diagram below loosely indicates the ‘themes’ of each area around the project site. As an observation, the city is designed around a central cross, from the station quarter to the historic quarter west-east, and retail to housing northsouth. Like all major cities, the city centre is bounded by housing, with industrial uses moved to the oustide of the city.
HISTORIC QUARTER HOUSING STATION QUARTER RETAIL QUARTER EVENING ECONOMY OFFICE/ADMINISTRATION INDUSTRIAL RECREATIONAL GREEN OPEN/PUBLIC GREEN PROTECTED LAND 32
ANALYSIS URBAN CONTEXT
CENTRAL PARK
As observed on the previous page, the city is designed on an aspiration of an ‘cross’ axis. This is based on Gordon Cullen’s plans for the city of Peterborough. The diagram below shows the intentions of the axis, categorised as the ‘Stone Axis’ and the ‘Green Axis’. The green axis runs north-south from Central Park towards the river, and the stone axis runs from the historic quarter to the station quarter. This diagram helps to prove the need for a destination in the south of the city to link into the green axis. The proposal in Section 3: Masterplan shows how this ‘destination’ can be acheived.
STATION QUARTER
HISTORIC QUARTER
????
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ANALYSIS TOPOGRAPHY
The project area (white boundary) lies predominently on flat ground. The diagram below shows very little variation in topography across the site (roughly 5.0m AOD), with a steep western edge for the access from the main road (10.0m AOD). Also, it should be noted that areas to the north and south west of the site gradually get steeper, which means there’s opportunity to create views in, out and across the site. Although access from the west will be a challenge whilst designing the site, implementing development will be less of constraint to overcome. There is opportunity though, to add interest and achieve some of the aims in the design brief, such as creating views and vista’s to elements in the context, by creating landforms on site.
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ANALYSIS
WATERFRONT ANALYSIS
TON FERR MIL Y
WIN RO
G LAKE
B
DG RI E
LEISU
RE + NATU R
E P AR
LEISURE
K
EA
L
AD OW S
POTENTIAL TO BRING LEISURE ACCESS FURTHER TOWARDS CITY CENTRE
AL SAM OC M Y T HE L
ME RY R E F
S
RA
ILWORD
LACK OF PEDESTRIAN ROUTES ACROSS RIVER
E
I
S
U
R
E NE
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A W VALLEY RAIL
Y
L
NE
EMBANKME
NT
PEDESTRIAN/CYCLE CROSSINGS VEHICULAR CROSSINGS
LACK OF INTERACTION WITH THE RIVER IN URBAN AREAS O EC
UR
BA
N
LO
G
A IC
A L P
RA
DISE
TRAIN BRIDGES
LACK OF CONNECTION TO NATURE FLAG
FE N
NE
NE
WA SHE S
STUDY AREA
TI DA L LOCKS
G ID NIUM BR
E
MI LL E
LACK OF DESTINATIONS ON THE RIVERFRONT IN THE URBAN AREA
A
BA X
M FO O IU TBALL STAD
E
C
O
L
O
G 1km
0
Y 37
ANALYSIS
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
The images below show some of the quality green spaces in the city, which vary in use from recreation [8] to events [6] and relaxation [4]. The main missing links in green infrastructure are the north-south and east-west connections. Potentially developing the study area into a primary green space which sits at the intersection of both these green links, will benefit all areas adjacent to the site.
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1 Central Park
2 Broadway Cemetery
3 Stanley Recreation Ground
4 Cathedral Green / Cloisters
5 Bishops Gardens
6 Embankment
7 Nene Washes
8 Rowing Lake / Ferry Meadows Nature Park
CENTRAL PARK
1
BROADWAY CEMETERY
2
3 STANLEY RECREATION GROUND
CATHEDRAL
4 5
EMBANKMENT
M I S S I N ROWING LAKE
STUDY AREA
G L
8 GREEN BACK YARD
6
FOOTBALL GROUNDS
I N
K NENE WASHES
7
1km 0
ANALYSIS CONNECTIVITY
1
This diagram shows the main routes around the city and other surrounding connections. To either side of the project site are heavilyused main roads. Current vehicular access to the site is a steeply graded two-lane road leading to a dead end. Also running through the site is a Public Right of Way which is a constraint to work with on site. South of the site is a main railway line, so consideration should be taken to mitigate views and noise. There is a good opportunity to also link the cycle networks through the site to enhance connectivity. 40
TRAIN STATION RAILWAY DUAL CARRIAGEWAY ‘A’ ROAD MAIN ROAD LOCAL STREETS PEDESTRIANISED STREETS RIGHT OF WAY NATIONAL CYCLE NETWORK NATIONAL CYCLE NETWORK LINK SITE BOUNDARY
1 - VEHICULAR ACCESS FROM LONDON ROAD
2
2 - EXISTING PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY ON SITE
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ANALYSIS
CONSTRAINTS + OPPORTUNITIES
CONSTRAINTS
SENSITIVE RIVER EDGE LACK OF CONNECTION/ ACCESS INTO SITE MAIN ROAD BOUNDING EDGE
EXISTING BUILDINGS
LEVEL CHANGE
NOIS
RAI
LW A
PARKWAY BOUNDING EDGE
E
Y L IN
DEVELOPING IN FLOOD PLAIN (INDICATIVE)
E BOU N
DING
NO ACCESS THROUGH TO SITE
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EDGE
PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY (INDICATIVE)
OPPORTUNITIES CLOSE PROXIMITY TO CITY CENTRE
ENHANCE/CREATE VIEWS TOWARDS CATHEDRAL + KEY THEATRE
LINK TO THE EMBANKMENT GREEN LINKS
CREATE A GREEN CORRIDOR
DEMOLISH ‘AQUA HOUSE’ ENHANCE EXISTING BUILDINGS ON SITE
LINK THROUGH RESIDENTIAL AREA
CONTINUOUS CYCLE/FOOTPATH LINK ALONG RIVER
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“But a city is more than a place in space, it is a drama in time.” PATRICK GEDDES
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
MASTERPLAN CONCEPT
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MASTERPLAN VISION
SOUTHBANK PARK. THE INTERSECTIO
ACCESSIBILITY
GRE INFRASTR I
S
PEOPLE
R
O
E GR
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F L E X I B L
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S
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A C C E S S
A I
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CITY CENTRE
A C E S FLORA
Design a quality destination in Peterborough City Centre that is well connected and accessible
48
Create an inspirational and functional space that is suitable for potential users
Respond to t high quality g the
ON OF HERITAGE, CULTURE + NATURE. PROJECT DESIGN STATEMENT
EEN RUCTURE
CONTEXT
ENVIRONMENT/ SOCIAL/ECONOMIC/ CULTURAL
V I E W TO C AT H E D R A L EMBANKMENT S
E
T
N
O
S
P
I
O
T
G
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P H Y R A
E E
D
G
E
D
A FAUN
the need for a green space in city
E
S
T
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N
A
T
I
O
N
Design a destination that integrates well with, and enhances the local context
E X
I S T
I N G
F
U E A T
R
E
S
Responds to Peterborough’s target for more sustainable, cultural and economically sound developments
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MASTERPLAN AIMS + OBJECTIVES
ACCESSIBILITY •
•
PEOPLE
Encourage activity through the site i.e. running, cycling, walking etc.
•
Provide a mixed-use development to cater for the 21st Century lifestyle
Encourage local use through ease of access, with multiple permeable entrances to the site
•
Design for social inclusion and safety of potential users
•
Cater for a wide spectrum of users and communities
•
Design social gathering spaces and active frontages
•
Design networks for walking and cycling and permeable spaces
•
Ensure connections to existing local transport
•
Provide flexible space for future change of uses
Create a safer link across the river to connect to existing amenities and green space (Embankment)
•
Create opportunities for social interaction
•
Design at human scale to get a richer experience from the site
•
V
EMBANKMENT + KEY THEATRE
A
C
C
I
E
RIVER NENE
50
GRE INFRASTR
E
S
W
•
Respond to the
•
Use of green str buildings
•
Continue the ‘Gr towards the site connect the site infrastructure
•
Build upon chara green spaces su (Embankment)
•
Use varying met of green infrastr defined spaces
•
Respond to any on and around t
S A C T I V E F R O N T A G E S
S
EEN RUCTURE ecology of the place
ructures and
reen Axis’ down e to visually e through green
acter of local urrounding the site
thods and scales ructure to create existing flora/fauna he site
EXISTING BUILDINGS
STUDY AREA
ENVIRONMENT/ SOCIAL/ECONOMIC/ CULTURAL
CONTEXT •
Create a vibrant destination with day and evening use
•
Attachment of the river to the city centre
•
Acknowledge the geographic and character settings
•
Create views towards the site, and enhance views towards the Cathedral
•
Note current land uses and design responsively to the location of the site
•
Cater for a wide spectrum of users and communities
•
Create a unique, comprehensive and memorable place that responds well to the context
V
I
E
W
S
•
Public realm that links closely with the distinct heritage and local features of the city (Stone Axis)
•
Protect and enhance landscape and townscape character, retaining local distinctiveness and protecting historic and cultural assets
•
Build upon the current art features around Peterborough
•
Acknowledge the sensitivity for proposed development next to the River Nene
•
Bring the economic opportunity to the site i.e. office space, cafe, kiosks etc.
SOUTHBANK HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
51
ICONIC RED STEEL ARCH BRIDGE - PROVIDING A GATEWAY FROM THE SOUTH OF THE CITY
MASTERPLAN TIMBER TERRACES DOWN TO MARGINAL/AQUATIC BUFFER AND REEDBEDS
N
N
ORNAMENTAL PLANTING TERRACING DOWN WITH CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS
ACCESS UNDER BRIDGE BY EXPANDING UNDERNEATH THE ARCHES
RIPARIAN BUFFER PLANTING TO RIVER EDGE, RETAINING EXISTING BIRCH PLANTING
GRADE II LISTED BUILDING - RESTORED FOR USE AS A CAFE / ART CENTRE / GALLERY SPACE GRASS BANKS WITH TREE PLANTING FOR PASSIVE USE
GATEWAY
ORNAMENTAL PLANTING BEDS BUFFER TO THE MAIN ROAD AND TO FRAME VIEWS ACROSS SITE
ACCESS BUFFER PLANTING
ACCESS MIXED USE BUILDINGS APARTMENTS WITH GROUND FLOOR COMMERCIAL OWNERSHIP COURTYARDS
SCULPTURE RELOCATION OF THE BAS-RELIEF ENGINEERING SCULPTURE
SQUARE IN FRONT OF ART CENTRE WITH TEMPORARY WATER FEATURE STRIPS FOR MULTI-FUNCTIONAL USE WATER FEATURE - SUNKEN IN GROUND WITH MARGINAL/AQUATIC PLANTING AND FLUSH TIMBER DECKING ACCESS. USED FOR EDUCATION/SHOW SPACE
TIMBER PLATFORMS DOWN TO KAYAKING AREA HOTEL / OFFICE SPACE WITH UNDERGROUND PARKING
WET WOODLAND MARGINALS AND REEDS NENE WASHES
REED PLANTING
WOODLAND MIX TIMBER DECKING (SUSPENDING IN AREAS)
ACCESS WOODLAND SCRUB MIX WOODLAND SCRUB MIX ACCESS ROAD
URBAN FARMING SPACE/ SEASONAL BEDS
VARIOUS DEAD WOOD AND LOG PILES RETAINING WALL
FRANK PERKINS WAY
GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY LINE
MASTERPLAN CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCE
IC OR ER T T S HI RAC A CH
ENT
THE EMBANKM
URBAN WATERFRONT
URBAN LIVING
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CULTURAL HUB
58
ES
RN DE AL MO NTI DE SI RE
F MEA ERRY DOW S COU NTR Y PAR K
WILDLIFE PARADISE
NE
N
ASH EW
COMPONENT LAYERS
BUILDINGS
ACCESS
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
BASE
59
MASTERPLAN FUNCTIONS + USES
The framework above displays the possible functions and uses of the open spaces in the site. The spaces are designed with flexibility in mind, and allow fluid access and function across the site achieved by open boundaries to help weave spaces together. 60
FLEXIBLE SPACES
One of the major objectives for Southbank is to provide all-year round availability of the site. This can be achieved by the identified flexible spaces provided on site. To the right are some examples of how the spaces can be used, including: urban farming, education, fitness classes, park runs, urban beaches, ice skating rinks, outdoor cinemas, live exhibitions, fairs, markets and live music. 61
MASTERPLAN VIEWS + VISTAS
62
SECTIONS
A
B
C 64
AA
BB C
CC
A
AA
1:500 0
BB
20m
North
B
CC 65
MASTERPLAN PROGRAMMING
66
WATERSPORTS ACTIVITIES
ECOLOGY INTEREST
Alongside seasonal events and the flexible spaces across the site, the general programming of the site is shown is shown in the diagram opposite. The various activities and functions that the Southbank development caters to a range of target audiences for all year round use.
WATER FEATURE
URBAN FARMING
BIODIVERSITY INTEREST
RELAXATION
VIEWING PLATFORM
MUSEUM/EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCTION SPACE
PLAY
CYCLE HUB
ARTS
EDUCATIONAL INTEREST 67
MASTERPLAN SCALE
“The human dimension, a necessary new planning dimension.” - Jan Gehl Jan Gehl argues that the “horizontal field of vision means that when we are walking along the building facade, only the ground floor can offer us interest and intensity.” (Jan Gehl, 2010) National Planning Policy Framework suggests that “building size and mass, and the scale of open spaces around and between them, will influence the character, functioning and efficiency of an area” and that, “the layout of areas, whether existing or new, should be considered in relation to adjoining buildings, streets and spaces; the topography; the general pattern of building heights in the area; and views, vistas and landmarks into and out of the development site.” (Paragraph 25 and 27 NPPF, 2014) The scale and massing of the Southbank development is taken into consideration on both small and large scales, to ensure the suitability of elements and that they provide efficiency for the users.
Visual Experience Related to Angle
PROPOSED BUILDINGS EXISTING BUILDINGS
SITE AREA 68
KEY THEATRE
RIVER NENE
CATHEDRAL
CITY CENTRE
PHASING
Phase One
Phase Two
Phase Three
Phase one covers the proposed access road into the site, the buffer to the south, and the commercial/residential buildings. This is a primary financial priority as to bring dwellers and revenue to site first. The access road is important not just for commercial/residential use, but as means for access for construction of the rest of the site.
Once phase one is established, site works on the primary green space development should proceed to provide current users of the site amenity space, and also attract visitors to the site with the construction of the bridge over the River.
Phase three fills in the core area of the site, which will transform the development into a destination and attract a new realm of users to the site.
PHASE TWO
PHASE ONE
PHASE THREE
PHASE TWO
69
“A poem compresses much in a small space and adds music, thus heightening its meaning. The city is like poetry: it compresses all life; all races and breeds, into a small island and adds music and the accompaniment of internal engines.� E.B. WHITE
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL INTENT
RESIDENTIAL + MIXED USE GRADE I LISTED - ARTS CENTRE GRADE I LISTED - GALLERY RESIDENTIAL HOTEL OFFICE
72
The architectural intent for Southbank follows the modern style of architecture, with elements of retfrofitting for the Listed buildings, to revive them as functional and attractive buildings.
COURTYARDS AND ROOF TERRACES GREEN ROOFS AND LIVING WALLS USE OF FACADES ON EXISTING BUILDINGS AND RETROFITTING LISTED BUILDINGS
73
LANDSCAPE
WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
As the project is located next to a river, it is not only important to consider how flood risk impacts the site, but how rain water is collected, retained and managed within the development proposal. Using innovative approaches to managing water on-site means it can be used as an aesthetic feature, as well as a functional feature. Using naturally draining soils in planting beds on slopes, and designing features such as rills helps to create a dialogue between people and water, creating a better attraction to the site.
74
PUBLIC ART
Below are various images of potential public art features used for shelter, seating and lighting, which can be implemented for both functional and visual purposes on site. As the red steel bridge is the most precendent feature for the site, a red theme should follow through to create a coherent style and enchance placemaking for visitors.
75
LANDSCAPE WAYFINDING + SIGNAGE
Although the city centre has a public realm strategy for wayfinding and signage, the Southbank proposal will build upon this as it is an extension of the city.
EDUCATIONAL SIGNPOSTS + DIGITALLY INTERACTIVE SIGNS
Educational and digital signage is considered, especially in the most interactive areas of the site i.e. high wildlife areas, to promote new-age technology and to engage users of the park on a different level than they may be used to. As the site is also designed around bridging connections from existing destinations in the context, high graphical signage and cycle/pedestrian maps are a feature. This is also a similiar case for providing information boards based on the heritage of the site, as it has high historical value and should engage users in embracing its roots.
CYCLE ROUTE INFO + GRAPHIC SIGNAGE
76
DIRECTIONAL SIGNPOSTS
INFORMATION BOARDS WITH HISTORICAL INFO
GRAPHICALLY DESIGNED EDUCATIONAL BOARDS
STREET FURNITURE
SEATING INTEGRATED WITH RETAINING
CUSTOM RETAINING SEATING WALLS CUSTOM DESIGNED BICYCLE STANDS
Street furniture is very important to the identity of the site. Below are various images displaying integrated seating features, lighting that functions as art features in the landscape, and custom designed bollards, bins and bicycle stands. With the site located next to the river, wildlife and the city, there is a mix of both urban formal and timber rural materials used.
VERTICAL LIGHTING FEATURES
INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR BOLLARDS
SEATING ENCOMPASSED INTO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
TIMBER/STEEL BIN
RED STEEL ICONIC ART LIGHTING FEATURE
LED LIGHTING EMBEDDED IN TIMBER DECKING
77
LANDSCAPE HARD MATERIALS
TREE GATES EDUCATIONAL / LOCATION BASED / HISTORY
PAVING WITH ARTISTIC PATTERNS
BLOCK PAVING DETAILS
CHANNELS + TEXTURED PAVING
78
EDGING DETAILS
HARDSCAPE FEATURES SUSTAINABLY SOURCED
SHELTERS
79
LANDSCAPE SOFT MATERIALS
The proposed planting in principle is designed to reflect the character in specific areas of the site. The south side of the site holds the most dense planting, with transitional planting towards the centre, leading to subtle loose soft planting along the rivers edge. Below is a schematic diagram indicating the zones of planting areas in the site.
There is a variety of species of trees across the site. Along the river are mainly birch planting to feed into character of the river, and to offset the mature willows across to the Embankment. There is little variation in tree species to the west of the site compared to the east, as the east is where the character is more natural and varied. The designation of a wet woodland and better soils in the east offer the opportunity to use a variety of species in this area. The next page shows the variety of planting proposed in each area for the site. The planting palette chosen is indicatively based on site suitability and preference to the character that is proposed for the site - further detail into the palette is required at the detailed design stage.
80
TREE PLANTING
Acer campestre
Alnus glutinosa
Betula nigra
Betula pendula
Betula pubescens
Corylus avellana
WOODLAND PLANTING / SCRUB MIX
Acer campestre
Crataegus monogyna
Prunus spinosa
Salix alba
Salix cinerea
Viburnum Opulus
MARGINAL / AQUATICS / REEDS
Rhamnus carthartica
Rosa canina
Alisma plantago
Apium nodiflorum
Caltha palustris
Carex acutiformis
Lythrum salicaria
Mentha aqautica
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
RIPARIAN PLANTING
Alnus glutinosa
Betula pendula
Crataegus monogyna
Salix caprea
ORNAMENTAL PLANTING
Alchemilla mollis
Geranium Hakonechloa macrorrhizum macra ‘Aureolo’ ‘Ingwersens Variety’
GRASSES / MEADOW MIX
Helleborus niger
Hemerocallis citrina
Pennisetum alopecuroides ‘Hameln’
Salvia nemorosa ‘Ostfriesland’
EM4 Meadow Mix
EG22 Amenity Grass
LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE OVER TIME
Acer campestre
82
Betula pubescens
Alnus glutinosa
Corylus avellana
Betula nigra
Salix alba
Betula pendula
Salix cinerea
Viburnum Opulus
The moment a building is completed, it starts to decay. But landscape, landscape grows and adapts and flourishes. - Jessica Bryne-Daniel
ORNAMENTAL PLANTING SEASONAL CHANGE WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
Alchemilla mollis Geranium macrorrhizum ‘Ingerwersens Variety’ Hakonenchloa macra ‘Aureolo’
Helleborus niger
Hemerocallis citrina
Pennisetum alopecuroides ‘Hameln’
Salvia nemorosa ‘Ostfriesland’
83
LANDSCAPE SECTION THROUGH REEDBEDS
CONCRETE STEPS TO WATERFRONT
MAIN ROUTE - RESIN BOUND GRAVEL TIMBER DECKING
AREAS OF OPEN WATER
MARGINAL AND AQUATIC MIX PLANTING (REFER TO GA) REEDBED MIX PLANTING (REFER TO GA)
FLOOD ZONE 2 (4.8m) HIGH WATER LEVEL (4.45m) HIGH WATER LEVEL (3.37m)
84
SECTION THROUGH WET WOODLANDS DEAD WOOD
WET WOODLAND PLANTING
MIXED WOODLAND PLANTING
RETAINING WALL
RIVER NENE
REEDBED MIX PLANTING (REFER TO GA)
MARGINAL MIX PLANTING (REFER TO GA)
TIMBER DECKING
FLOOD ZONE 2 (4.8m) WATER LEVEL (4.45m)
85
“Since 2009, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and the number of urban dwellers is set to double in the next several decades. We must get to work now to create safe, accessible, and inclusive places that can sustain and nurture the world’s growing populations.” PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
ACCESS CONNECTIVITY
I EC
TH TO K Y IT AL M W I IN OX PR 7M
0m 50
88
TY
NT CE
RE
N MI 3 <
E CL Y C
MI NC YC LE W AL K
<5
This diagram shows the access and movement across the site. The proposal shows five extra points of access to the site, with improvements to a further two existing access locations, as shown on page 40.
M
10
M
IN
Reflected from the Embankment across from the site, there is un-interrupted access to the waterfront with a range of different functions and activities attached. There are designated wider paths across the site functioning as footway/cycle paths, with plenty of secondary pedestrian only routes. Vehicular access has been improved from the existing footprint to make access safer, with provided pick up/drop off/loading areas and underground parking for office and residential use. The proposed routes through the site create a fluid rhythm for users, combined with plenty of permeable access points.
00
M
13 M
IN
WA LK
<7
MI NC YC L
E
0
10
75
ACCESS / GATEWAY
VEHICULAR ROUTE
SECONDARY PEDESTRIAN ROUTE
PRIMARY PEDESTRIAN ROUTE
SHARED FOOTWAY + CYCLEPATH
89
ACCESS INCLUSIVE DESIGN
FLUSH KERBS
The site has been designed with accessibility and inclusivity in mind, offering a range of slopes (above 1:20 gradient so no hand rails required), and flush kerbs where needed for accessbility to cyclists, wheelchair, pram users etc. Tactile paving is used in a variety of areas to demarcate permeable boundaries, and to indicate high-traffic areas or up-coming changes in levels.
UNDER STEP LIGHTING
Lighting integrated in the ground (solar) are used to enhance wayfinding in certain areas and also indicate a potential change of use in different areas of the site. Under step lighting can be used as a soft approach to indicate a change in level, and to create an ambient evening atmostphere for the evening/night time users of the site.
TEXTURED / VISUAL AIDS ON STEP EDGES
Textured paving and visual aids will also be a priority for areas with a change in level for partially-sighted users of the site, and also for safety in general.
TACTILE PAVING
FLUSH UP-LIGHTING AND VISUAL AIDS
90
91
“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everyone.” JANE JACOBS
I NTRO D U C TION SI TE CONTEX T + A N A L Y S IS M AST ER PL A N LANDSCAP E + P UBLIC R EA L M ACCESS + M O V EM EN T AP P END I CES + REF ER EN C ES
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
OPTIONS
SKETCHES VIEWS
BREAKING DOWN SPACES
REFINEMENT
DIAGRAMMING
MASTERPLAN
N
REFERENCES REFERENCES
PAGE
REFERENCE
CREDIT / SOURCE
7
Train Station
http://www.inputgroup.co.uk/userfiles/Images/casestudies/Peterborough-station-819.jpg
8
Milton Ferry Bridge
https://www.flickr.com/photos/barryskeates/19003295726/
8
Cathedral Square
http://www.gcgp.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Catherdral-Square-Peterborough.jpg
8
Millenium Bridge
http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/03/22/17/3221709_f7c4585d.jpg
18
Site Photo
http://www.peterboroughinvestmentpartnership.com/fletton-quays-peterborough-uk-project-overview.html
19
Aerial Photograph of Peterborough
http://www.webbaviation.co.uk/gallery/v/cambridgeshire/peterborough/
24
Embankment
http://images2.exchangeandmart.co.uk/images/classic-cars/2754/peterborough-embankment.jpg
24
Key Theatre
http://www.vivacity-peterborough.com/files/images/applicationfiles/6.3557.keytheatreatnightweb/590x332.fitandcrop.jpg
24
Abax Stadium
http://www.saddlers.co.uk/cms_images/abax-stadium-640250-2696263_478x359.jpg
24
Southbank Housing
http://www.morrishomes.co.uk/media/388611/belton1-edgewood.jpg
24
Charters
http://www.charters-bar.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/DSC_3621.jpg
26
Historical Development Diagrams
Osborne, M. [1981] The Development of Peterborough Illustrated in Maps
27
Historic Photos
https://peterboroughbuildingsinneed.wordpress.com/module-3-conservation-areas/brian-white-peterborough-before-and-after-therailways-november-2011/
28
Whitworth Flour Mill
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4703510
28
Grade I Listed Railway Sheds
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1313066
28
Plaque
Image credit: Stuart Holmes
29
1610 John Speed Map
Peterborough City Council
34
Lidar Topography Diagram
LiDar Data; Jude Binns
35
Site Photos
http://www.peterboroughinvestmentpartnership.com/fletton-quays-peterborough-uk-project-overview.html
36
Waterfront Analysis
https://www.flickr.com http://www.geograph.org.uk https://www.instagram.com
41
Existing Public Right of Way
Image credit: Stuart Holmes
63
Images
http://media.nbcchicago.com/images/652*435/GettyImages-88729344.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_performance http://dubaispecialholidays.com/kayaking/
64
Visual Experience Related to Angle
J. Gehl, 2008. Cities for People
68
Architectural Intent Images
http://archpaper.com/2014/09/stemming-the-tide/#.Vps38vl9672 http://www.scotscapelivingwalls.net/project-gallery/nec-birmingham.html http://blog.modernkaribou.ca/2014/03/modern-garden-design.html https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8c/53/2a/8c532a88e05515dfe77bf323cfc278e2.png http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/design-news/top-green-roof-designs http://www.dezeen.com/2012/07/30/google-super-hq-by-penson/
98
http://www.archdaily.com/285327/chamartin-real-state-offices-burgos-garrido-arquitectos/501959f828ba0d3c1f000015_chamart-nreal-state-offices-burgos-garrido-arquitectos_alzado_atrio-angel_baltanas-jpg/
http://inhabitat.com/hks-architects-renovated-warehouse-earns-san-franciscos-first-leed-for-homes-mid-rise-gold-certification/ hsk-arc-light-co-loft-2/ http://inhabitat.com/whale-shaped-glass-atrium-resurrects-historic-warehouses-in-budapest/ 70
Water Sensitive Images
http://www.ironagegrates.com/category/installation-gallery/trench-drain-grates http://va-la.com/project_item/conrad-hilton-foundation/ http://www.panoramio.com/photo/24693432 Rhab Adnam via Flickr
71
Public Art Images
http://www.startt.it/fr/progetti/w_022_yap_max http://culturacolectiva.com/hector-zamora-intervenciones-de-espacios-publicos/ http://www.turenscape.com/project/project.php?id=4554 http://www.designfaves.com/2016/01/illuminated-seesaws-light-up-place-des-festivals-in-montreal#refnl
72
Wayfinding Images
http://inspiringbrands.co/parc-riu-llobregat/ http://www.collaboratecreative.com/clients/brockholes/ Nancy Lepage via Pinterest http://splashdesign.biz/environments/angel-way/ http://www.heinejones.com.au/environmental/mt-stirling/ http://classtechtips.com/2013/07/19/qr-codes-in-the-garden/
73
Street Furniture Images
http://www.archdaily.com/282842/perk-park-thomas-balsley-asociates-with-jim-mcknight/5078d0c428ba0d1649000078_perkpark-thomas-balsley-asociates-with-jim-mcknight_perk_park_-403-_copyright__scott_pease-pease_photography_2012-jpg/ Image Credit: Enda Coughlan http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=6098 http://www.archiexpo.com/prod/atech/product-79232-657340.html http://www.grijsen.nl/Buitenbanken.aspx?NL-13-6-0 https://www.architonic.com/en/product/metalco-box/1131208 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c9/3f/72/c93f72222d44f4f2fe3f699ff27883bd.jpg
74
Hard Materials Images
http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/12/iidabashi-plano-by-earthscape/time-tree-earthscape-landscape-architecture-11/ http://www.designrulz.com/design/2014/07/30-ideas-of-how-to-integrate-tree-grates-design-in-the-urban-cityscape/ http://triplaitaly.com/homepage/triplaurbano/ http://huaban.com/pins/251086906/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/30292560@N02/5605706340 http://fernandocarrasco.net/gallery-list http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2012/09/old-graveyard-leinefelde-by-landschaftsarchitektur-gmbh/old-graveyard-leinefeldeby-landschaftsarchitektur-gmbh-10/ http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2014/07/sjovikstorget-by-thorbjorn-andersson-with-sweco-architects/sjovikstorget-bythorbjorn-andersson-with-sweco-architects-11/ http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2012/11/normand-park-by-kinnear-landscape-architects/03-normand-park-by-kinnearlandscape-architects/ https://dirt.asla.org/2012/02/29/nature-and-structure-are-one/ http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/02/shanghai-houtan-park-by-turenscape/10-turenscape-houtan-park/ http://www.guildworks.com/residential.html
77
Soft Material Images
Plant Partner
86
Inclusive Design Images
http://www.marshalls.co.uk/commercial/paving/products/tactile-directional-guidance-flag-paving-webfa085030 https://davisla.wordpress.com/category/website/page/2/ ceequal.com
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PETERBOROUGH