NOTIZIARIO Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Issue 16 n.1, 2011

NN_COP_16_1_Layout 1 10/02/11 12:55 Pagina 1

www.cnr.it/neutronielucedisincrotrone

Sincrotrone Trieste: launch of the new trigeneration plant L.B. Palatini

NFFA: Nanoscience Foundries and Fine Analysis G. Rossi, R. Ciancio, C. Africh, R. Gotter, G. Panaccione, R. Ferranti, D. Orani, E. Lora Tamayo, L. Fonseca, J. Gobrecht, C. David, J. Greenhalgh, G. Arthur, E. Huq, P. Laggner, H. Amenitsch, K. Jungnikl, B. Sartori

Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News News from SNS Neutron Instruments Added at Oak Ridge A.E. Ekkebus

School and Meeting Reports Workshop on High-Energy Neutrons for Science and Society C. Andreani, N. Gidopoulos

Scattering and Imaging with eV Neutrons: X School of Neutron Scattering Francesco Paolo Ricci R. Senesi, C. Vasi

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche School – Meeting

Research Infrastructures

M & N & SR News

V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci

Infrastructures

In situ study of the water dynamics in a fuel cell Nafion membrane upon working

Scientific Reviews

Scientific Reviews

ISSN 1592-7822 - Vol. 16 n. 1 January 2011 - Aut. Trib. Roma n. 124/96 del 22-03-96 - Sped. Abb. Post. 70% Filiale di Roma - C.N.R. p.le A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

School and Meeting Reports

M & N & SR News

Research Infrastructures

Scientific Reviews

Editorial News

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SUMMARY

published by CNR (Publishing and Promotion of Scientific Information) in collaboration with the Physics Department of the University of Rome Tor Vergata

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Editorial News The Legacy of Francesco Paolo Ricci ten years later……………2 A. Paoletti

Vol. 16 n. 1 Gennaio 2011 Aut. Trib. Roma n. 124/96 del 22-03-96

Scientific Reviews In situ study of the water dynamics in a fuel cell Nafion membrane upon working……………4 V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci

Research Infrastructures Sincrotrone Trieste: launch of the new trigeneration plant……………10 L.B. Palatini

NFFA: Nanoscience Foundries and Fine Analysis……………12 G. Rossi, R. Ciancio, C. Africh, R. Gotter, G. Panaccione, R. Ferranti, D. Orani, E. Lora Tamayo, L. Fonseca, J. Gobrecht, C. David, J. Greenhalgh, G. Arthur, E. Huq, P. Laggner, H. Amenitsch, K. Jungnikl, B. Sartori

EDITOR

C. Andreani CORRESPONDENTS

L. Avaldi, L.E. Bove, C. Blasetti, L. Bibi Palatini, A. Claver, A.E. Ekkebus, T. Guidi, S. Imberti, L. Palumbo

Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News News from SNS Neutron Instruments Added at Oak Ridge……………17 A.E. Ekkebus

School and Meeting Reports Workshop on High-Energy Neutrons for Science and Society……………20 C. Andreani, N. Gidopoulos

Scattering and Imaging with eV Neutrons: X School of Neutron Scattering Francesco Paolo Ricci……………23 R. Senesi, C. Vasi

ON LINE VERSION

V. Buttaro CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

L.B. Palatini, G. Rossi, R. Ciancio, C. Africh, R. Gotter, G. Panaccione, R. Ferranti, D. Orani, E. Lora, Tamayo, L. Fonseca, J. Gobrecht, C. David, J. Greenhalgh, G. Arthur, E. Huq, P. Laggner, H. Amenitsch, K. Jungnikl, B. Sartori EDITORIAL INFORMATION AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

A. Minella E-mail: nnls@roma2.infn.it GRAPHIC AND PRINT

omgrafica srl Via Fabrizio Luscino, 73 00174 Rome - Italy E-mail: info@exormaedizioni.com www.exormaedizioni.com

Call for Proposals……………26 Calendar……………29

Finito di stampare nel mese di Gennaio 2011

Facilities……………35 Cover photo.

Space/time-resolved study of the water distribution in the PEM.

Editorial News

The Legacy of

Francesco Paolo Ricci ten years later A. Paoletti University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome, Italy

Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Vol. 16 n. 1

The progress of scientific research to continously upgrade knowledge of the unchangeable physical laws that govern Nature proceeds through planning, implementation and critical interpretation of the results of suitable experiments; this requires specific and broad culture, technical skills, logic rigour and creativity, in a synthesis that is very similar to the process at the basis of artistic expression.

It is not surprising therefore that such an artist as Francesco Paolo Michetti had as a grandson a high level physicist as Francesco Paolo Ricci, who could prove his value in spite of his shy attitude.

Since he was a student it was much more important to him to gain a deep and full understanding of any subject he was studying than obtaining proper recognition from his teachers by high marks. However his skill in physics together with his human approach to people were soon widely appreciated, both for his published scientific articles and for his behaviour in some peculiar circumstances worth mentioning.

A first circumstance was the difficult situation that he had to face during his one year stay at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Cliff Shull, Nobel prize in Physics, author of the first applications of neutron scattering and neutron optics to several extremely relevant problems. Due to an unpredictable delay in the start up of the M.I.T. nuclear reactor and the consequent absence of any neutron beam no experiment was possible and the collaboration with Shull could only concern the interpretation of previous experiments and the design of new ones which, in that particularly stimulating period of fast development, required a continuous updating to take into account the recent results from other laboratories.

To discuss with Shull scientific matters required broad culture, rigorously logic mind and a strongly creative attitude. From those conversations and exchange of ideas Shull derived a deep esteem for Paolo, as the young scientist had always kept up with him in such a high level scientific context.

A second circumstance showing the value of FPR occurred at the end of the sixties, when neutron sources available to italian researchers became no longer competitive with the ones of new high flux reactors that were being commissioned at Grenoble and Brookhaven. At the time, this experimental difficulty induced many italian physicists active in neutron related science, to reorient their attention to more manageable techniques and subjects.

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In that period FPR was the only italian physicist who still worked with neutrons by leding a small group of young scientists. His broad culture allowed him to exploit the neutron probe based techniques, tackling even with limited resources new problems in molecular physics, chemistry and biology as they were now being investigated by the scientific community. This ensured to Italy a continuity of expertise in neutron science that turned out to be precious later, when in the framework of the european research policy, it was possible to give italian scientists access to the intense european sources, both continuous and pulsed which in meantime had been made available.

It is largely due to the culture, capacity and stubborness of FPR if today neutron science represents one of the most active and internationally competitive areas in italian scientific research even in absence of adequate neutron sources in the country. He also completed this action with two important initiatives, the prestigious School of Neutron Spectroscopy, presently in full activity, and the Notiziario di Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone, published by CNR, which thanks to the smart and continuous work of the new Director, has now become an important reference journal at international level.

Paolo Ricci also willingly undertook great and sometimes heavy academic responsibilities, such as the Direction of the Institute of Physics of the University La Sapienza in the particularly turbulent “seventies”, and more recently the foundation of the “Third University” of Roma.

Finally, we cannot forget other precious qualities of him: the exquisite kindness, together with a deep sense of earnestness and justice, his delicate sensitivity and a real deep interest in any cultural expression. All this induced a natural sympathy in those having scientific or just human relationship with him, irrespectively of even strongly divergent opinions.

Paolo used to perform his research work in a relaxed way by arising strong and yet calm enthusiasm in his collaborators. Such ability to make research work light and appealing is a characteristic of scientists having a sure and deep knowledge of their goals and who can always give correct answers to the questions from their young collaborators. Paolo had such a quality.

Working with him was like participating to an enthusiastic adventure that one could not bear to stop and anyway wanted to resume as soon as possible.

Such episodes too are a part of his legacy and also for these we all remember him with sympathy, affection, gratitude and deep sorrow.

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Francesco Paolo Ricci.

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In situ study of the water dynamics in a fuel cell Nafion membrane upon working V. Rossi Albertini

ABSTRACT

Istituto di Struttura della Materia, C.N.R. Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133, Roma email: valerio@ism.cnr.it

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM-FC), converting chemical into electrical energy, are promising candidates for the development of an environmental-friendly power sources.

PEM-FC produce electricity via an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen mediated by a ion conducting membrane. However, the performances of this kind of FCs strongly depend on the PEM hydration degree, since proton transfer in such polymeric materials is assisted by water. The present high energy X-ray diffraction studies permitted the hydration level in a working FC membrane to be monitored, as well as an in-depth look at the degree of hydration across the membrane, both in static and dynamic conditions.

B. Paci Istituto di Struttura della Materia, C.N.R. Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133, Roma

INTRODUCTION

Due to their capability of efficiently converting chemical into electrical energy, PEM-FC could play a major role in future hydrogen-based technology. Indeed, they are considered as promising candidates for automotive propulsion, as well as for stationary applications [1]. The schematic working of fuel cells is as follows [2]. A flux of hydrogen molecules is sent to the anode side of the PEM.

Figure 1. Picture of the experimental setup.

There, it is split by a catalyst into protons and electrons. Since the PEM is an ionic conductor, but an electronic insulator, only the protons can cross the membrane. Conversely, the electrons migrate along an external circuit towards the cathode, providing the cell output current. At the cathode side, oxygen molecules are also catalytically broken and react with the protons arriving from the anode through the PEM, and the electrons coming from the external circuit, thus forming water vapour.

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The amount of water and its spatial distribution in the PEM of the device under working conditions is a fundamental point to address, since the ionic conductivity and, consequently, the cell performances, depends on the degree of membrane hydration.

The relevance of the water management issue is testified by the intense theoretical activity devoted to developing models that describe the various aspects of water transport in PEM-FC [3-8]. However, even in steady conditions, the water dynamics is complicated by a number of experimental parameters which are very difficult to account for in theoretical descriptions.

Moreover, transient transport conditions, are even more complicated to model. For this reason, although theoretical models of transient or impulsive phenomena do exist [9-10], the experimental methods represent a much more straightforward and reliable way to approach the problem. Among the experimental techniques proposed for this purpose, the most interesting are those in-situ, capable to observe the inner parts of a working cell, without disturbing their work. NMR [11-12], Raman spectroscopy [13], Neutron/X-Ray absorption, scattering and diffraction [14-21] belong to this category. Unfortunately, if one excludes MicroRaman [21], all these techniques exhibit a rather low spatial resolution (if any). In addition, they have other severe limitations, such as slow response to variations in the degree of hydration, a weak signal resulting in poor accuracy and an indirect dependence only on the quantity of interest.

Figure 2. Left: Cell radiography after a preliminary positioning. Right: Cell radiography after alignment to the primary X-ray beam.

The alternative approach used in these investigations is based on high energy X-ray diffraction, to monitor in situ the degree of membrane hydration in an operating cell [18, 22-24], making use of a steady setup that prevents artifacts induced by variable geometries upon data collection. A vertical stratigraphy of the membrane was measured from one electrode to the other, corresponding to an imaginary “slicing� of the membrane into a stack of layers. Both the hydration degree in each layer and the overall amount of water in the 6

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membrane as a function of time could be determined, with the highest level of accuracy ever achieved. The observed correlation between the fuel cell voltage and the degree of PEM hydration permits an accurate description of how the fuel cell operates and to conceive more realistic models of its working, to use for further technological improvements.

Figure 3. X-ray transmission measurements through the MEA.

EXPERIMENTAL

The test FC has a design equivalent to that of standard cells, to prevent any artifact due to the modifications usually required to enable measurements on working devices. Indeed, thanks to the penetrating power of the 90 keV radiation (necessary to cross several centimeters of polymeric material [22]) available at the beamline ID 15 of ESRF, and to the adoption of a convenient scattering geometry, in-situ XRD measurements could be carried out with no further expedient [19].

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA),with Pt nano-particles (20% Pt/Vulcan XC-72 powder from E-TEK, Pt loading about 1 mg/cm2) as anode and cathode catalysts and Nafion速 as proton conductive membrane, was assembled inside two suitably machined plexiglas plates. Two graphite plates were used to obtain the final cell. Although a FC is far from being an ideal system on which to perform diffraction measurements and both the amorphous polymers forming the membrane and the water contained in it provide rather weak scattering signals, the use of the high energy radiation coupled with the utilization of MAR345 image plate detector, allowed to collect good quality patterns in short acquisition times.

In this way, a fine time sampling of the water dynamics in each layer of the PEM could be carried out. Prior to diffraction measurements, the cell positioning and alignment was done by taking a sequence of radiographies during a rocking Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Vol. 16 n. 1

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angle scan (fig. 2). This permitted also to obtain a rough map of the cell inner components. Once the cells had been aligned, a subsequent transmission measurement of a narrow X-ray beam, through the PEM and the cell components adjacent to it, allowed to finely resolve the MEA details (fig. 3).

Figure 4. Time-resolved study of the water content of the whole PEM. Upper plot: average water content as a function of time, obtained by processing the diffraction data. Lower plot: Corresponding cell voltage curve.

Figure 5. Space-resolved measurement of the water distribution along the vertical axis in the PEM under steady conditions from anode to cathode and back to anode.

The diffraction patterns corresponding to the two scanning sequences are reported in the insert.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

I) Time-resolved study To measure the average degree of hydration of the Nafion® 117 membrane (about 140 µm thick), the whole membrane was irradiated by a primary X-ray beam with a vertical cross section equivalent to the PEM thickness.

A sequence of diffraction patterns was then collected, keeping the setup geometry unchanged. The patterns were processed taking into account the scattering power of both the water and the polymer. As the result, the curve describing the degree of hydration as a function of time was obtained.

In figure 4, the water variations induced by sudden changes of the gas feeding are shown. One can observe the tight correlation between hydration degree and cell voltage (red and green vertical lines) and how even minimal changes of the former influence the latter (red circles).

II) Space-resolved study This consisted of a vertical scan of the Nafion® 117 membrane, executed under steady conditions by using a primary X-ray beam with transversal section of about 7 (vertical, corresponding to the spatial resolution) x 100 (horizontal) µm2 (fig. 5). The sequence of diffraction patterns produced during the vertical scan of the membrane represents its virtual “slicing” from anode to cathode (also repeated in reverse, to test the reliability of the method).

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III) Time/space-resolved study Here, the two approaches are merged, thus obtaining a full description of the time-dependent spatial distribution of water in the PEM of an operating device.

The method consists of repeating many times the vertical stratigraphy of the PEM, described in § I, upon cell working. In this way, the time-dependence of the hydration degree in each layer was determined, upon a typical operating condition used to characterize PEM-FCs (polarization curve).

Of course, the same study can be applied to cells operating in any other condition, thus providing a powerful tool to fully understand the fundamental relation between hydration degree and electrochemical performances in these devices upon working.

Figure 6. Space/time-resolved study of the water distribution in the PEM. 3D plot of the time-dependent water amount in each “slice” of the membrane, carried out in real working conditions (polarization curve in the inset, followed by an open circuit period). The iso-level projection of the surface on the base plane is also reported.

The time/space-resolved sequences of diffraction patterns collected during a polarization curve (40 mA, 30 minutes duration steps) from 0 to 1 A, are shown in the inset of figure 6. The membrane was scanned by a primary X-ray beam whose vertical cross section was reduced down to about 5 µm, (see § II), which allowed to independently investigate the hydration degree of some 30 “slices” of the membrane (the PEM surfaces are not perfectly flat).

The information on the quantity of water contained in the portion of membrane irradiated by the primary beam was obtained by applying a spectral decomposition method described in [18, 19]. Several scans were also executed at open circuit after the end of the polarization, to follow the hydration behaviour during cell relaxation.

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The time change of the cell current (30 min at each current value) was slow enough to consider the membrane almost in equilibrium conditions during the whole experiment (quasi static process). The result of the time/space resolved investigation is reported in the 3D plot in figure 6. It represent a compact summary of the entire information obtainable on the hydration dynamics in the PEM. CONCLUSION

The present study, overcoming the problems encountered in previous investigations, and being characterized by spatial and temporal resolutions sufficient to follow the water distribution with no loss of details, opens the route to systematic observations of the water management in any kind of polymeric material (both pure and filled with nanoparticles), to use as solid electrolyte in PEMFCs. REFERENCES [1] J.M. Ogden, M.M. Steinbugler and T. G. Kreutz, J. of Power Sources 79, 2 (1999), pp. 143-168 [2] S. Srinivasan, Fuel Cells: From Fundamentals to Applications, Chemistry and Materials Science series, Ed: Springer Science (2006) [3] T.E. Springer, T.A. Zawodzinski, S. Gottesfeld, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991), pp. 2334-2342.

[4] D.M. Bernardi, M. Verbrugge, J. Electrochem.

Soc. 139 (1992), pp. 2477-2491.

[5] M. Eikerling, Y.I. Kharkats, A.A. Kornyshev, Y.M. Volfkovich, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 (1998) 2684-2699.

[6] A.Z. Weber and J. Newman, J. Electrochem.

Soc. 150 (2003), pp. 1008-1015.

[7] A.Z. Weber and J. Newman, J. Electrochem.

Soc. 151 (2004), pp. 311-325.

[8] S. Um, C.Y. Wang, J. Power Sources 156 (2006), pp. 211-223.

[9] M.F. Serincan, S. Yesilyurt, Fuel Cells 7 (2007), pp. 118-127.

[10] Y. Wang, C.Y. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005), pp. 1307-1315.

[11] K.W. Feindel, L.P.A. LaRocque, D. Starke, S.H. Bergens, R.E. Wasylishen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004), pp. 11436-11437.

[12] S. Tsushima, K. Teranishi, S. Hirai, Electrochem.

Solid-State Lett. 7 (2004), pp. A269-A272.

[13] H. Matic, A. Lundbland, G. Linderbergh, P. Jacobsson, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 8 (2005), pp A5-A7.

[14] R. Mosdale, G. Gebel, M. Pineri, J. Membrane Sci. 118 (1996), pp. 269-277.

[15] R. Bellows, M. Lin, M. Arif, A. Thompson, D. Jacobson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999), pp.

1099-1103.

[16] F. Xu, O. Diat, G. Gebel, A. Morin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 154 (2007), pp. B1389 B1398.

[17] R. Satija, D. Jacobson, M. Arif, S. Werner, J. Power Sources 129 (2004), pp. 238-245.

[18] V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci, A. Generosi, S. Panero, M. Navarra, M. Di Michiel, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 7 (2004), pp. A519-A521.

[19] V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci, F. Nobili, R. Marassi, M. Di Michiel, Advanced Materials 21 (2009), pp. 578-583.

[20] I. Manke, C. Hartning, M. Grunerbel, W. Lehnert, N. Kardjilov, A. Haibel, J. Banhart, H. Riesemeier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 (2007), pp.

174105:1-174105:3.

[21] T. Mukaide, S. Mogi; J. Yamamoto, A. Morita; S. Koji, K. Takada, K. Uesugi, K. Kajiwara, T. Noma, J. Synchrotron Rad. 15 (2008), pp. 329 334.

[22] A. Isopo, V. Rossi Albertini, J. Power Sources 184 (2008), pp. 23-28.

[23] R. Caminiti, V. Rossi Albertini, International Review in Physical Chemistry 18 (1999), pp.

263-299.

[24] V. Rossi Albertini, B. Paci, A. Generosi, Journal of Physics D – Appl. Phys. 39 (2006), pp. 461-486.

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Sincrotrone Trieste: launch of the new trigeneration plant L.B. Palatini Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste Area Science Park Trieste, Italy

The new Sincrotrone Trieste trigeneration plant was inaugurated on 15th October 2010 in the presence of the Chairman of the Authority for electric energy and gas, Alessandro Ortis, and the Vice Chairman of Confindustria, Antonio Costato. “Its function”, explains Carlo Rizzuto, Chairman of the Company, “is to combine the production of electric power, heating and cooling energy obtained from methane combustion, almost doubling the efficiency of the energy used in comparison with a conventional plant. This will help reduce the introduction of CO2 into the atmosphere by about 3000 tonnes per year”.

The plant comes into being along with the new FERMI@Elettra Light Source which is about to begin operation in the Laboratory at Basovizza (Trieste) and represents a significant improvement in energy efficiency, optimising the heating power of the main source (methane) to the maximum degree. It was realised by ATI Collini Lavori/Landi as part of the “Main FERMI” contract and will be run for ten years by the newly formed Tri-generazione srl (Collini Lavori/Landi/Sinergie-AcegasAps).

Great light sources, such as the ones run by Sincrotrone Trieste, require considerable quantities of energy: not only the electric energy needed to feed the systems and the thermal energy used for heating the premises, but – in particular – cooling energy, used for cooling the magnets and the electronic power equipment, and for thermostat control of the premises.

The new system must ensure first and foremost the operation of the whole privileged user FERMI@Elettra, that is of the electric circuit reserved for everything that must never be switched off because it keeps the control instruments and safety equipment running.

The electric energy necessary for this purpose will be obtained thanks to three methane motors, with an efficiency of about 40%.

The remaining percentage of thermal energy produced, which otherwise would be lost in the form of combustion fumes, cooling water and irradiated heat, will be recovered.

It will be used to heat the buildings, but also to cool the laser systems and for cooling the premises in summer, considering the presence of a powerful chilling system which, from thermal energy, “will produce cold” at 7°C, through chemical transformation. The plant also has an intelligent control system, able to regulate itself and decide whether to use the fumes or the water to produce heat or cold, depending on the environmental conditions. In a very hot summer, for example, the system can divert all the fumes (which have a high thermal energy in comparison with the cooling water) into the chiller, to produce the necessary cold. For particular requirements, or at particular times of the year in which, on the other hand, the heat might not be enough, two “backup” boilers integrated in the system will be activated, but for nearly all the time the recovered thermal energy will be sufficient.

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The Sincrotrone Trieste plant is absolutely new in Italy for a Research Laboratory, and one of the first examples in Europe with characteristics of this kind, its aim is to be a pilot plant.

“In the global energy budget of the Elettra Laboratory, the presence of the trigeneration system will lead to a really significant saving”, comments Rizzuto, “in both economic and environmental terms with the reduction of consumption and, therefore, of the emission of greenhouse gases. This advantage has led Sincrotrone Trieste to start work already on the creation of a second similar trigeneration plant, supported by a loan from the European Investment Bank, to replace the plants with similar functions currently operating at Elettra”.

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NFFA: Nanoscience Foundries and Fine Analysis G. Rossi, R. Ciancio, C. Africh, R. Gotter, G. Panaccione, R. Ferranti and D. Orani CNR-TASC IOM Basovizza, Trieste, Italy

E. Lora Tamayo and L. Fonseca CSIC-CNM Campus Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

J. Gobrecht and C. David Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland

J. Greenhalgh, G. Arthur and E. Huq STFC Harwell Campus Oxfordshire Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom

P. Laggner, H. Amenitsch, K. Jungnikl and B. Sartori OEAW Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

The Nanoscience Foundries and Fine Analysis Project (NFFA) is a FP7-funded Design Study for the definition of a novel European distributed research infrastructure with an advanced standard in modelling, synthesis, characterization and fine analysis facilities. NFFA will provide an advanced platform in nanoscience and nanotechnology by integrating the benefits of advanced fine analysis methods (based on radiation sources at the Large Scale Facilities, LSF) with advanced synthesis and nanofabrication also at the atomic scale. Both academic and industrial users will have access to state-of-the-art instrumentation and methods for designing, synthesis and fabrication in research programs benefiting from access to LSF: Free-Electron-Laser, Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Beams for advanced fine analysis experiments in a wide energy and time domain range. Conversely, all fine analysis experiments at LSF that require nanoscale or atomic scale precision in sample definition will greatly benefit from prior or simultaneous access to NFFA centres providing synthesis, complementary experiments and adequate metrology. In full agreement with the EU policy in matter of Research Infrastructures, NFFA will operate in open access mode based on scientific merit of proposals and free of charge.

INTRODUCTION

Nanoscience has proven to be of enormous potential in the development of new materials and functional systems, tailored at the nanoscale, which will have significant impacts on many aspects of economy, health and society.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology concern the synthesis and functional use of materials, devices, and systems on the basis of the understanding and control of matter at the nanometer length scale (at atomic precision level, at molecular and supermolecular architectural level, at short time scales fs-ns).

The need to reach such capabilities is urgent in order to address the grand challenges areas for European competitiveness such as Energy (conversion and saving), Health (diagnostics and therapy) and Environment (toxicology and remediation), as well as strengthening scientific and technologic excellence in research. The worldwide awareness of this potential has prompted various National Science Plans, International Roadmaps, as well as the GENNESYS exercise (White Paper Jan 2009) [1], the NMP Position Paper 2010-2015 [2], the Productive Nanosystems Roadmap (USA) and others all indicating the urgent need of new infrastructures bridging nanoscience and fine analysis [3]. Radiation sources dedicated to fine analysis (synchrotron radiation sources, free electron lasers, neutron sources, high power or ultrashort laser pulses) play a prime role among the most advanced tools for nanoscale research and characterization, but their effective impact in nanoscience and nanotechnology remains mostly at basic research level, proofs of principle and demonstration experiments.

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In fact, most of the fabrication, synthesis and analysis at the nanoscale level are currently performed in laboratories (national or regional, academic or industrial) that do not take full advantage of advanced fine analysis methods. The frontier between the fundamental knowledge of physical, chemical and biological processes or systems and the understanding of their applications in technological contexts is easily crossed in the research at the nanoscale; a high control of the synthesis and nanofabrication is available along with the direct probes of atomic, electronic, magnetic, and dynamical behaviours of nanostructured matter and system. The reproducibility of samples and the scaling of nanosystems (numerous replicas) requires an adequate metrology and standard system to be developed based on a organized synergic use of radiation based methods (photon, electron, neutron beams) and in-situ, in-operando studies of synthesis, growth, functionality can be designed and performed again with pulsed radiation beams on the relevant time (10 fs-ms) and energy scales (meV, 100 Kev). Europe operates and developes advanced Large Scale Facilities (LSF) for fine analysis of matter and materials (Synchrotron radiation sources, neutron sources).

The analysis power of the methods developed on these LSF have progressed at a much higher pace then the progress of nanotechnology that consistently follows Moore’s law. An even sharper increase in brilliance of the short-pulsed free electron laser (FEL) sources is opening the full power of fine analysis at the time scale of chemical synthesis, i.e. fempto-seconds.

All this means that the instruments for learning more about the atomic and nanoscale world than in the recent past are largely in place. However, at the moment this potential is only weakly exploited since the research on synthesis and nanofabrication of functional materials is performed in laboratories (academic or industrial) operating at national or regional level that do not take full advantage of the advanced fine analysis methods available at the LSF. The NFFA project [4] aims at demonstrating how to overcome the current bottleneck that is preventing the fast development of nanoscience: fine analysis (in particular in-situ, on-growth, in-operando analysis) of nanostructures is inhibited by the difficulties of sample preparation at the LSF and by the stringent scheduling of beamtime access.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE NFFA DESIGN STUDY

The NFFA Design Study is jointly carried on by five European research institutions aiming at establishing the feasibility of a new kind of user infrastructure for nanoscience based on a distribution of Foundry Centres colocated and strongly linked with Analytical LSFs, offering open access.

NFFA is developing a scheme of European Distributed Research Infrastructure that will operate a science programme and enforce open access to users whose nanoscience projects require state of the art modelling and numerical simulation methods, material synthesis, nanofabrication, nano-metrology and radiation sources methods of fine analysis or radiation assisted synthesis.

NFFA may adopt the European Research Infrastructure Consortium legal status (ERIC) [5], and a structure consisting of a central hub plus 3 to 6 nanoscience centres each one providing a common platform for design, synthesis, nanofabrication and atomic-scale characterization and its embedding with the co-located LSFs, both from the technical and operational aspects.

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Research Infrastructures

The NFFA distributed facility will in fact strengthen the concentrations of research means that are occurring at several science sites in Europe, adding the key glue of synthesis, nanofabrication and metrology among the available or developing radiation sources, microscopy or imaging centers, “omics” and medical science centers. The distributed nature of NFFA will further link the large research sites and will be unique in developing and guaranteeing a common metrology, and ultimately a step towards standardization and certification of data. This last aspect being mandatory for the deployment of an effective interface with industrial research.

NFFA AS A SCIENCE CENTER

The NFFA science centers will carry out fundamental science activity and will be instrumental to the converging character of nanoscience and nanotechnology by also carrying out innovation oriented research and development, including prototyping and technological proofs of principle whenever scientific and technological development merit is met, also allowing for hosting, on medium term contract basis, a quote of private proprietary research.

The science programme is a fundamental building block of NFFA and of each of its individual centres. The NFFA science programme [6] addresses the “main challenges” of energy, health, environment by specific research projects and by identifying the methodological and instrumental platform that will support advanced research to meet them. Users will have special needs of design, simulation, synthesis, and characterisation that must find adequate support in the NFFA centre. Users may also be actually attracted by the NFFA internal research programme and participate to it. The choice of the best suited analytical facilities to be connected to NFFA is crucial in order to provide the best selection of fine analysis means coupled with the NFFA. The characteristics of specific LSF (low energy X rays, Hard X rays, nanobeams, Ultra short pulses, neutrons) will orient the choice of where to establish the NFFA centres, in order to provide a complete offer of complementary methods.

The schematic structure illustrating the interplay of external and internal programmes with LSF in NFFA is displayed in the left panel of Figure 1.

Figure 1. Left panel: structure of the interplay of external and internal programmes and large scale facilities.

Right panel: The interrelationship of NFFA Nanocentres follows the concept of the distributed infrastructure.

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Research Infrastructures

As a European distributed facility according to ESFRI definition [7], NFFA will be identified by its science programme and its unique access portal.

The individual NFFA centres will develop strong synergy with the local analytical facility that may go beyond the international access programme in establishing possible local partnerships. Each centre should play its own strength and develop its own distinctive science programme. The NFFA central management will provide the coordinating role, to make sure users’ needs are met in one NFFA centre or another. NFFA will establish a governance structure and partnership agreement with the LSFs in order to optimize the merit selection of the proposals and the access protocols to both the NFFA infrastructure and the LSF in compliance with the open access criteria. A schematic layout of the NFFA organization is given in the right panel of Figure 1.

Figure 2. Schematic drawing of the NFFA infrastructure and of the Data Repository.

COMMON METROLOGY AND NFFA DATA REPOSITORY

To guarantee a full reproducibility and traceability of results, NFFA will develop and adopt an “internal� metrology and standard protocol of materials characterisation at the nano and atomic scales, common to all centres such to provide well described methods and data for external users as well as guaranteeing the reproducibility at any NFFA centres of such protocols and data. This will be done with reference to the International System of Units (SI), according to guidelines and standards provided by National Metrology Institutes, where available, and moving beyond wherever it turns out to be needed. Internal reference materials and procedures will be identified so that both academic and industrial users accessing to laboratories located in the different NFFA centres can be ensured that they are investigating precise replica objects with the same resolution. With the aim of offering an open and easily accessible reference for others and to qualify its advanced internal 16

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metrology, NFFA will operate and develop the first Nanoscience Repository of molecular data for functional and complex materials and protocols for synthesis and metrology of nanostructured systems.

All the results, including certification and calibration protocols of nanoscience centers, will be more directly suitable for specific applications developed by technology districts as well as for next generation products manufactured by industries. This will be accomplished by a full exploitation of emerging e-infrastructures to achieve high impact and capillarity in making nanoscience outcome promptly available to society.

In Figure 2 a schematic of the NFFA infrastructure and of the Data Repository is shown.

NFFA aims therefore: ● to enhance the use of LSFs by nanoscience and nanotechnology communities with special dedication to energy, health and environment challenges. ● to extend the use of advanced instrumentation for nanotechnology to the scientific and technological communities that are not able or willing to sustain their own medium/large instrumentation. The creation of a metrology-controlled standardized platform with reliable access (from both the technical and bureaucratic point of view) will push towards a research competition based on skill ideas and critical mass collaborations rather than on financial and technical capabilities of individual groups. ● to maximize the impact of LSFs on European science and technology by raising the standard of sample definition and characterization for advanced experiments with ultrafast, nanofocused and high energy resolution probes available at Synchrotrons, FELs and Neutron facilities, and making it available to the largest science community through open access. ● to make scientific data and technology protocols more accessible to communities other than the stakeholders of national nanoscience foundries and LSFs present in the actual European scenario. ● to foster a scientific culture in the converging and interdisciplinary fields, like nanotechnology for Energy, Health and Environment, and extending its benefits to the whole society. ● to create a unique infrastructure capable of advanced training at scientific, technical and managerial level that acts as an interface, possibly with a credit system, to the relevant European academies and research agencies and innovation actors.

The NFFA Design Study will deliver its final results in spring 2011.

REFERENCES [1] http://www.mf.mpg.de/mpg/websiteMetallfor schung/pdf/02_Veroeffentlichungen/GENNESYS /GENNESYS_2009.pdf [2] NMP Expert Advisory Group (EAG), Position Paper on Future RTD Activities of NMP for the Period 2010-2015, EUR 24179 EN, November 2009

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[3] http://www.science.doe.gov/nano/index.htm [4] http://www.nffa.eu [5] http://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/ index_en.cfm?pg=eric [6] http://www.nffa.eu/Sections.aspx?section=1.85 [7] http://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/ index_en.cfm?pg=esfri

Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News

News from SNS

Neutron Instruments Added at Oak Ridge The neutron scattering facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory continue their development as new instruments are commissioned and join the user program at the Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor. More than 640 proposals were received for beam time during the January-May 2011 period on SNS and HFIR instruments with about half either being accepted or identified as alternates. The proposal call for the period June-December 2011, announced at http://neutrons.ornl.gov, will close February 23, 2011.

A.E. Ekkebus Oak Ridge National Laboratory Tennessee, USA

NEW INSTRUMENT BEGINS COMMISSIONING

The Nanoscale-Ordered Materials Diffractometer (NOMAD, SNS BL-1B) began commissioning in August 2010. NOMAD will enable studies of a large variety of samples, ranging from liquids and solutions, glasses, and nanocrystalline materials to long-range-ordered crystals. It will use a large bandwidth of neutron energies and extensive detector coverage to carry out structural determinations of local order in crystalline and amorphous materials.

Jรถrg Neuefeind, neuefeindj@ornl.gov, is the NOMAD instrument scientist.

NEW SANS INSTRUMENT NOW AVAILABLE FOR USERS

The Extended Q-range Small Angle Neutron Scattering diffractometer (EQ-SANS) recently joined the user program at SNS.Highly optimized neutron optics in its primary flight path enable very high neutron fluxes on sample for the instrument. A system of bandwidth choppers allow a novel frame-skipping operation, permitting EQ-SANS to achieve a dynamic Q-range equivalent to that of a 20 Hz source when needed as a variation from normal 60 Hz operation. EQ-SANS uses 3He tubes for its low-angle detector, which offers high counting rates and efficiencies. Jinkui Zhao, zhaoj@ornl.gov, is the EQSANS instrument scientist.

Left: The first neutron data recorded (one-hour data set for a 1 gram sample of La1.88Sr0.12CuO4, a high Tc superconductor, using 250,000 neutrons/sec.

Right: The detector tank layout.

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Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News

EXTENDED COMMISSIONING PROGRAM INITIATED

SEQUOIA, the Fine Resolution Fermi Chopper Spectrometer at SNS BL-17, has completed a recently initiated extended commissioning program. ORNL is engaging the user communities for newly completed instruments to ensure an instrument is ready for experimental use. Readiness for use means it can acquire the necessary data, with a standard sample environment, and the data can be reduced and analyzed for publication. The SEQUOIA instrument team, led by Garrett Granroth, granrothge@ornl.gov, in collaboration with several users, carried out tests and experiments to assess and improve the science readiness.

Ten minutes of scattering data from a dendrimer sample with the EQ-SANS instrument set to mid-Q range. Image courtesy of Journal of Applied Crystallography, http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188981002217X.

An example SEQUOIA measurement of the spinon spectrum in a single crystal sample of KCuF3.

Graduate students assisted in these tests to enhance their knowledge of the instrument commissioning process.

Several results from these experiments have been submitted for publication.

Other instruments now in extended commissioning at SNS are VULCAN, TOPAZ, POWGEN, EQ-SANS, and NOMAD. At HFIR, the U.S. Japan Cold Triple-Axis Spectrometer will begin commissioning shortly.

We want participation of the user community in this process for these and future instruments. The primary use of the VULCAN Engineering Diffractometer is for deformation and residual stress related studies; other uses include spatial mapping of chemistry, microstructure, and texture.

VULCAN is helping users from GM and Sandia National Laboratory develop hydrogen storage materials for next-generation fuel cell cars. The experiment team uses VULCAN to map hydride distribution in fuel cell tubes (three mounted on the instrument). Xun-Li-Wang, wangxl@ornl.gov, is the VULCAN instrument scientist.

As of January 2011, SNS has 12 instruments and HFIR has 10 instruments available for users. Two additional SNS instruments should receive initial neutrons in 2011. The Hybrid Spectrometer (HYSPEC) is a unique instrument that combines advantages of the direct geometry spectrometer time-of-flight technique, which is traditionally used at pulsed sources, with the use of Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Vol. 16 n. 1

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Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News

vertically focusing crystal arrays, typically used with continuous neutron beams, in order to optimize neutron flux at the sample and optionally polarize the incident beam. It will be the first time-of-flight spectrometer at SNS with full polarization analysis. Mark Hagen, hagenme@ornl.gov, and Barry Winn, winnbl@ornl.gov, are the HYSPEC instrument scientists.

The Vibrational Spectrometer (VISION) is optimized to characterize molecular vibrations in a wide range of crystalline and disordered materials over a broad energy range (<5 to >500 meV), while simultaneously recording structural changes using diffraction detectors in the backscattering position and at 90°.

Inside the VULCAN hutch are, left to right, Edgar Lara-Curzio and Andrew Payzant of ORNLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s High Temperature Materials Laboratory, Xun-Li Wang, Scott Jorgensen of GM, Ke An of ORNL, Terry Johnson of Sandia, and Harley Skorpenske.

Christoph Wildgruber, wildgrubercu@ornl.gov, is the VISION instrument scientist. At HFIR, commissioning for the US/Japan Cold Neutron Triple-Axis Spectrometer (CTAX) at beam line CG-4C began in October 2010 and will continue into 2011.

CTAX is a conventional triple-axis spectrometer with variable incident energy (2-20 meV) located in the HFIR Cold Guide Hall on cold guide 4 (CG-4) at the CG4C position. The beam line bender and guide hall shielding reduce the background levels at CG4C, and the 15-cm-tall guide profile is well exploited by the vertical focusing monochromator. CTAX is intended to supply users and the scientific community with a platform for groundbreaking investigations of the low-energy atomic-scale dynamics of crystalline solids with high instrument resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. Information on CTAX is available from the instrument scientist, Tao Hong, hongt@ornl.gov.

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School and Meeting Reports

Workshop on High-Energy Neutrons for Science and Society C. Andreani University of Rome Tor Vergata Department of Physics Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

N. Gidopoulos STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Science & Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0QX, UK

A British-Italian Workshop 5th - 6th October 2010 Villa Wolkonsky, Via Ludovico di Savoia, Rome

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In the magnificent scenic setting of Villa Wolkonsky, students and scientists attended the Vth edition of the international workshop PERSPECTIVES IN NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY AT EV ENERGIES on the 5-6 October 2010, an initiative which has steadily grown in prestige and international standing over the last 15 years. The present edition, entitled High-energy neutrons for science and society, was addressed to the science and technological use of epithermal neutrons and to the new neutron instrumentation constructed and under construction at the ISIS pulsed neutron source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) within the STFC and CNR agreement.

The workshop was attended by students from the X SCHOOL OF NEUTRON SCATTERING “FRANCESCO PAOLO RICCI”, Electronvolt Neutron Spectroscopy of Materials: Microscopic Dynamics and Enabling Techniques and by prominent scientists from the international theoretical and neutron-scattering communities.

The workshop was organised in three sessions: Nuclear Quantum Effects, Neutron Experiments and Techniques, and Instrumentation with High Energy Neutrons. The scientific themes, spanned from the proton quantum dynamics in several nanomaterials as investigated with a variety of neutron scattering tools to the novel instrumentation suite (CHPIR and IMAT) under construction at ISIS. An exciting keynote speech by Roger Pynn (University of Indiana) opened the sessions of specialised lectures, providing the theoretical basis of each discipline. The talks proved extremely popular with the students, who enjoyed the sophisticated, computer-based theoretical first session and the experimental and instrumentation sessions.

The theoretical session started with a vibrant speech by Michele Parrinello with title: Colouring the noise or cheating one’s way to quantum effects. Parrinello is Professor of Computational Science at ETH Zurich, and Director of the Swiss Center for Scientific Computing (CSCS) in Manno, Switzerland. He was awarded, with Roberto Car, the 2009 Dirac Medal and Prize in recognition of their joint contribution in the development of their ab-initio simulation method in which they combined the quantum mechanical density functional theory method for the calculation of the electronic properties of matter with molecular dynamics methods for the Newtonian simulation of atomic motions.

Parrinello’s speech was followed by Nikitas Gidopoulos, from ISIS (Quantum mechanical description of anharmonic vibrations in molecules and solids) and Professor David Manolopoulos from Oxford, who talked on the Theory and applications of ring polymer molecular dynamics.

The last theoretical speech was by Lin Lin from Princeton (Displaced path integral formulation for the momentum distribution of quantum particles) who introduced state of the art theoretical models and theories for the understanding of physical phenomena underlying the proton quantum effects.

In the second session on Neutron Experiments, Jerry Mayers from ISIS (The VESUVIO Instrument at ISIS), George Reiter from Houston (The extraordinary 21

School and Meeting Reports

quantum ground state of confined water), Carla Andreani from the University of Rome Tor Vergata, (Proton quantum effects in ice, normal and confined water) and Roberto Senesi also from Tor Vergata (Zero point kinetic energy and proton momentum distribution in complex systems) presented experimental results obtained from the instrument Vesuvio, that highlight spectacularly the quantum behaviour of hydrogen in various different systems.

In The third session on Techniques and Instrumentation with High Energy Neutrons, Henry Glyde from the University of Delaware (Bose Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity Investigated Using High-Energy Neutrons) reviewed work and presented new important results from the ISIS spectrometer MARI on the Bose Einstein condensation and superfluidity. He was followed by Marco Zoppi (CNR ISC, Raman-like scattering using high energy neutrons: applications to hydrogen and hydrogen-containing materials) who discussed Raman scattering with neutrons from the instrument TOSCA.

Giuseppe Gorini from the University of Milano Bicocca talked about the use of Epithermal neutrons for cultural heritage research in the Ancient Charm project.

Robert Mc Greevy from ISIS (Neutrons, science and impact: the potential role of high energy spectroscopy) brought the discussion to the subject of neutrons for society and for the economy, pointing out the necessity of a business-case for the future of high-energy-neutron research.

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School and Meeting Reports

His provocative talk was followed by an excellent example of a business-case

by Chris Frost (ISIS) who talked about How Alien Invaders can Change Governments. In other words about The Dangers of Fast Neutrons to Advanced Electronics.

The meeting closed with a stimulating round table discussion on several of the issues raised during the talks.

NOTE: This workshop was a cooperation among the British Embassy in Rome, the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source in the United Kingdom and the CNR in Italy, promoted by the SoNS (School of Neutron Scattering â&#x20AC;&#x153;Francesco Paolo Ricciâ&#x20AC;?) and sponsored by NMI3.

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School and Meeting Reports

Scattering and Imaging with eV Neutrons: X School of Neutron Scattering Francesco Paolo Ricci The 10th School of Neutron Scattering â&#x20AC;&#x153;Francesco Paolo Ricciâ&#x20AC;? was held in Villa Mondragone, Monte Porzio Catone (RM-IT), on Sept 25th-Oct 4th 2010.

It is now ten years since Francesco Paolo Ricci, one of the fathers of neutron scattering in Italy, left us, giving the tenth edition of the School a particular significance. This year the theme addressed the use of electron Volt neutrons for scattering and imaging, with particular emphasis on the enabling concepts and techniques. Equal importance was given to theory and practice, with a series of tutorials following introductory lectures, along with the possibility of hands-on practicing at the n@BTF, the recently inaugurated pulsed neutron source at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. The School offered an international group of recognized experts forming the group lecturers and tutors, which attracted a group of highly competent and motivated Italian, European and International students.

R. Senesi University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome, Italy

C. Vasi CNR, IPCF Messina, Italy

Gathering at Villa Mondragone.

The series of introductory lectures started with A. Pietropaolo (Univ. Roma Tor Vergata) on neutron sources, followed by C. Andreani (Univ. Roma Tor Vergata) on the instrumentation at continuous and pulsed sources.

D. Colognesi (CNR-ISC) introduced the formalism of neutron scattering while M. Tardocchi (CNR-IFP) gave an overview of neutron detectors.

The monographic lectures on eV neutron scattering started with R. Senesi (Univ. Roma Tor Vergata), introducing the formalism of deep inelastic neutron scattering, while J. Mayers (STFC-ISIS) gave an overview of the eV 24

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School and Meeting Reports

spectrometer Vesuvio at ISIS, followed by the first introductory lecture on the theory of momentum distributions in quantum fluids and solids. On the same day, J. Morrone (Columbia Univ.) introduced the complex behaviour of momentum distribution in hydrogen-bonded systems, along with the most advanced path-integral calculation approaches. Students were then brought into the realm of eV detectors by A. Pietropaolo, and neutron imaging by G. Festa (Univ. Roma Tor Vergata).

On September 28th E. Schooneveld described how to build a time of flight eV imaging scintillator array, followed by three lectures on the multi-MeV detectors being studied at ISIS and other neutron sources by A. Pietropaolo, with special emphasis on miniature crystalline diamond detectors by G. Verona Rinati (Univ.

Roma Tor Vergata) and M. Pillon (ENEA Frascati). The principles of time of flight- resolved imaging were introduced by G. Salvato (CNR-IPCF), while the lectures on inelastic neutron scattering continued with D. Colognesi (TOSCA at ISIS) and F. Natali (CNR-ILL Grenoble) (IN13 backscattering at ILL).

Two tutorials on the set-up of a time of flight chain for eV energy analysis (A. Pietropaolo) and on radiography measurements and their transformation into tomographies (D. Tresoldi, CNR-IPCF) were given as preparation for the n@BTF practicals, followed by the presentation of the CNR “PANAREA” project for the imaging spectrometer IMAT at ISIS-TS II, by F. Aliotta (CNRIPCF). Unfortunately, the two days of beamtime assigned to practicals were cancelled only two days before the School, due to a shut down and rescheduling of the n@BTF facility.

However, in depth visits were carried out on Sept. 30th at the Linac and the n@BTF neutron photo production target, coordinated by L. Quintieri (INFNLNF), as well as a visit on Oct. 1st at the ENEA FTU Tokamak with special regards to neutron detector diagnostic, coordinated by B. Esposito (ENEA Frascati), and at the ENEA-FNG, Frascati Neutron Generator, coordinated by M. Pillon. Students were offered the possibility to directly look at devices and neutron production target in accelerator based neutron sources, an experience that is seldom offered to students and young researchers under training.

R. Caciuffo (Inst. for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe) introduced the study of magnetic excitations with neutrons on October 2nd, followed by a presentation on the status and perspectives of the BRISP spectrometer at the ILL by A. Orecchini (Univ. Perugia) and an overview of QENS studies at ILL

by A. Paciaroni (Univ. Perugia). E. Perelli Cippo (Univ. Milano Bicocca) presented the recently developed techniques for imaging using resonant capture at eV, followed by the students’ presentations and reports. Sunday the 3rd was taken as a day off and students had a chance to visit the Rome in a sunny october day.

October 4th was the last day, dedicated mainly to the presentations of large and small-scale facilities such as ISIS, SNS, LENS, and Helmoltz Zentrum Berlin, with lectures by R. McGreevy (STFC-ISIS), R. Pynn (Univ. Indiana at Bloomington), and M. Russina (Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin), who focussed in particular on the design of instrumentation at long pulse spallation sources.

A lecture on Spin Echo was given by A. Triolo (CNR-ISM) and a presentation of the PANAREA-CNR project for the design and construction of ChipIr, the fast neutron irradiation beamline at ISIS, was given by G. Gorini (Univ. Milano Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Vol. 16 n. 1

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Bicocca). The final lecture on applications to soft matter was given by the expert views by R. Pynn.

The astonishing venue of Villa Mondragone was then changed for another beautiful venue, Villa Wolkonski in Rome, where students were invited to attend the workshop “High Energy Neutrons for Science and Society”, which was held on 5th and 6th October (http://web129.its.me.cnr.it/workshop/index.aspx).

Lecture notes and other material regarding the school can be found at http://web129.its.me.cnr.it/school_fpricci/index.htm. We would like to thank Dr. Anna Minella, who acted as a secretary for both School and Workshop.

Close encounters with a neutron target-moderator assembly!

Inspecting neutron detectors from meV to MeV around the Frascati Tokamak.

We warmly acknowledge the financial support of the Associazione “School of Neutron Scattering Francesco Paolo Ricci”, NMI3, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Università degli Studi di Milano, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, and the support of CNR, INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, and ENEA Centro Ricerche di Frascati.

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Call for Proposal [Deadlines for proposal submission]

Neutron Sources http://pathfinder.neutron-eu.net/idb/access May 15 (for beamtime from February/March 2011) October 15 (for January-June 2011) March 1 and September 1 annually

BNC http://www.bnc.hu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=39

BENSC http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/userservice/neutrons/user-info/call-for-proposals_en.html#c63361

May 6, 2011 September 16, 2011 To be announced, 2011

FRM-II http://www.frm2.tum.de/en/user-office/news-dates/index.html

GeNF - Geesthacht Neutron Facility www.gkss.de/index_e_js.html

September 1, 2010

HFIR http://neutrons.ornl.gov/

March 1 and September 1

ILL www.ill.eu/users/experimental-programme/

October 16 2010 (for beamtime from February/March 2011)

May 6, 2011

ISIS http://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/index.html

JCNS FZ-Jülich http://www.jcns.info/jcns_proposals/

To be announced, 2011

LLB - Laboratoire Léon Brillouin http://pathfinder.neutron-eu.net/idb/access

Any time

NPL - Neutron Physics Laboratory http://neutron.ujf.cas.cz/en/instruments/user-access/item/60-proposals

January 19, 2011 (Particle Physics all)

SINQ – Swiss Spallation Neutron Source http://user.web.psi.ch/user/deadlines.html

February 28, 2011 SLS/SINQ joint powder diffraction (X+N)

May 15, 2011 June 14, 2011 (SμS GPS, LTF, GPD and DOLLY)

November 15, 2011 (all)

September 1, 2010

SNS http://neutrons.ornl.gov/users/user_news.shtml

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Call for Proposal

Synchrotron Radiation Sources www.lightsources.org March 15, 2011 (Structural Biology Beamlines for the period between May - June 2011) May 15, 2011 (Structural Biology Beamlines for the period between July - August 2011) July 15, 2011 (Structural Biology Beamlines for the period between September - October 2011) July 15, 2011 (All other Beamlines for the period between January - June 2012) September 15, 2011 (Structural Biology Beamlines for the period between November - December 2011) November 15, 2011 (Structural Biology Beamlines for the period between January - February 2012)

June 30, 2011 (for the period between October 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012)

March 4, 2011 (2011/2: for the period between June and August, 2011)

ALS http://www-als.lbl.gov/index.php/component/content/article/58.html

ANKA http://ankaweb.fzk.de/website.php?page=userinfo_guide&id=1#subpart2

APS http://www.aps.anl.gov/Users/Calendars/GUP_Calendar.htm

July 8, 2011 (2011/3: for the period between October and December, 2011)

October 28, 2011 (2012/1: for the period between January and April, 2012)

March 9, 2011 (2011/2: User beamtime: June - September 2011)

June 23, 2011

AS - Australian Synchrotron http://www.synchrotron.org.au/index.php/features/applying-forbeamtime/proposal-deadlines

(2011/3: User beamtime: September - December 2011)

To be announced, 2011

BESSY http://www.bessy.de/boat/www/

Proposals are evaluated twice a year

BSRF - Beijing Synchrotron radiation Facility http://www.ihep.ac.cn/bsrf/english/userinfo/beamtime.htm

May 30, 2011 (September-December 2011 Cycle) September 30, 2011 (January-April 2012 Cycle) To be announced, 2011

CFN - Center for Functional Nanomaterials https://pass.nsls.bnl.gov/deadlines.asp

CHESS - Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source www.chess.cornell.edu/prposals/index.htm

To be announced, 2011

CLS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Canadian Light Source http://www.lightsource.ca/uso/call_proposals.php

To be announced, 2011

CNM Center for Nanoscale Materials http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000336

To be announced, 2011

DIAMOND - Diamond Light Source www.diamond.ac.uk/ForUsers/Welcome

To be announced, 2011

ELETTRA https://vuo.elettra.trieste.it/pls/vuo/guest.startup

March 1, 2011 (for beam time between August 2011 and February 2012)

ESRF http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/UserGuide/Applying

September 1, 2011 (for beam time between March and July 2012)

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Call for Proposal

To be announced, 2011

FELIX - Free Electron Laser for Infrared experiments www.rijnh.nl/research/guthz/felix_felice/

To be announced, 2011

FOUNDRY – The Molecular Foundry https://isswprod.lbl.gov/TMF/login.aspx

To be announced, 2011

HASYLAB - Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor at DESY http://hasylab.desy.de/user_info/write_a_proposal/2_deadlines/index_eng.html

To be announced, 2011

ISA http://www.isa.au.dk/

July 12, 2011 (New LCLS proposals for summer 2012)

To be announced, 2011

LCLS - The Linac Coherent Light Source http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/users/

LNLS - Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron https://www.lnls.br/lnls/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?UserActiveTemplate =lnls_2007_english&tpl=home

To be announced, 2011

MAX-lab http://www2.maxlab.lu.se/members/proposal/index.jsp

May 31, 2011 (for the period between September and December 2011)

NSLS - National Synchrotron Light Source https://pass.nsls.bnl.gov/deadlines.asp

September 30, 2011 (for the period between January and April 2012)

May 31, 2011 (for the period between September and December 2011)

NSRRC - National Synchrotron radiation Research Center http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/

September 30, 2011 (for the period between January and April 2012)

To be announced, 2011

PF – Photon Factory www.nsrrc.org.tw/

March 15, September 15, 2011 (all except PX beamlines)

SLS - Swiss Light Source http://sls.web.psi.ch/view.php/users/experiments/proposals/opencalls/index.html

February 15, June 15, October 15, 2011 (PX beamlines)

February 15, 2011 (for standard proposals: 6 months from July 5 to December 21, 2011; for BAG proposals: 1 year from July 5, 2011 to mid July, 2012)

Twice a year

SOLEIL http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/portal/page/portal/Recherche/SUN

SPRING-8 http://www.spring8.or.jp/en/users/proposals/

To be announced, 2011

SRC - Synchrotron Radiation Center www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000336

April 1, 2011 (Crystallography Proposals for beam time June 2011-2013)

June 1, 2011 (Xray/VUV proposals for beam time November 2011-2013)

July 1, 2011 (Crystallography Proposals for beam time November 2011-2013)

September 1, 2011 (Xray/VUV proposals for beam time March 2012-2014)

December 1, 2011 (Xray/VUV proposals for beam time June 2012-2014)

December 1, 2011 (Crystallography Proposals for beam time March 2012-2014)

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SSRL - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/userresources/deadlines.html

Calendar

January 5-7, 2011

Coventry, United Kingdom CCP4 STUDY WEEKEND 2011 Model Building and Refinement and Validation http://www.cse.scitech.ac.uk/events/CCP4_2011/programme.html

January 9-14, 2011

Ventura, CA, USA GRCMM11 - GRC Macromolecular Materials http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2011&program=macromolec

January 11-12, 2011

Manchester, United Kingdom Intensive 2-day workshop in Biological and Chemical Crystallography

January 12-14, 2011

Grenoble, France BILL2011 This workshop will continue the discussion on model membranes begun at the ISIS Bilayers 2009 meeting http://www.ill.eu/news-events/events/bill2011/

January 16-20, 2011

San Diego, CA, USA PCSI-38 - 38th Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces http://www.pcsiconference.org/

January 17-25, 2011

Campinas, SP, Brazil Synchrotron Radiation School The New Developments in the Field of Synchrotron Radiation http://espca.lnls.br/

January 17-18, 2011

St Aubin, France Workshop: New prospects for Resonant Inelastic soft X-ray Scattering http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/Workshops/2011/SatelliteSoft-RIXS

January 18-19, 2011

L’Orme des Merisiers, France IPANEMA 2011 - Synchrotron Radiation for Ancient Materials http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/Workshops/2011/SatelliteIPANEMA11/Welcome

January 18-21, 2011

LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA Biology with FELs: Toward the Molecular Movie https://sites.google.com/a/lbl.gov/biology-with-fels/home

January 19-20, 2011

Palaiseau and St Aubin, France 6th SOLEIL Users’ Meeting http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/Workshops/2011/SUM11/

January 21-23, 2011

Chongqing, China ICAMR 2011 - International Conference on Advanced Material Research http://www.icamr.org/

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Calendar

January 23-28, 2011

Daytona Beach, FL, USA 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites http://ceramics.org/icacc-11/

January 23-28, 2011

Stoos, Switzerland 5th International Symposium Hydrogen and Energy http://www.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/22/95818/---/l=2

January 24 - February 3, 2011

Grenoble and Allevard, France FullProf School-2011 - 4th ILL annual School on Neutron Diffraction Data http://www.ill.eu/instruments-support/instruments-groups/groups/dif/FPSchool/

January 26, 2011

Diamond, LS, Oxfordshire, UK Workshop on the Operation of CESR Design 500 MHz Cavities http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Events/cesr.html

January 26-28, 2011

Hamburg, Germany European XFEL Users’ Meeting 2011 http://www.xfel.eu/events/users_meetings/2011_users_meeting/

January 30 - February 3, 2011

Tasmania, Australia 5th Australian Colloid and Interface Symposium (ACIS) http://home.iprimus.com.au/jaymez/acis2011/index.html

February 6-10, 2011

Lorne, VIC, Australia 26th Lorne Conference on Protein Structure and Function http://protei.asnevents.com.au/

February 6-11, 2011

Sydney, Australia AXXA 2011 Schools, Advanced Workshop, Conference and Exhibition (Australian X-ray Analytical Association (AXAA)) http://www.cvent.com/EVENTS/Info/Summary.aspx?e=141b08b8-e86c-4ce7-aa8c0a7c9bc5db2d

February 7-10, 2011

Grenoble, France ESRF Users’ Meeting 2011 & Associated Workshops http://www.sync.monash.edu.au/events/internationalevents.html#AANSS

February 21-26, 2011

Chicago, IL, USA AAFS 2011 American Association of Forensic Sciences Annual Meeting http://www.aafs.org/aafs-2011-annual-meeting

February 23-25, 2011

Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan The International Workshop on Neutron Applications on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems 2011 http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/meetings/NASCES/

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Calendar

February 27 - March 3, 2011

San Diego, CA, USA TMS 2011 - 140th Annual Meeting & Exhibition http://www.tms.org/meetings/annual-11/Am11home.aspx

February 27 to March 30, 2011

Grenoble, France Hercules 2011 Higher European Neutron Research Course for users of Large Experimental Systems http://hercules.grenoble.cnrs.fr/article.php?id_article=134

March 5-6, 2011

Uni of Califiornia, Berkeley, USA Second Conference on the Physics of Sustainable Energy http://www.calpoly.edu/~dhafemei/

March 5-9, 2011

Baltimore, MD, USA Biophysical Society 55th Annual Meeting http://www.biophysics.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/tabid/85/Default.aspx

March 14-18, 2011

Newtown Square, PA, USA ICDD 2011 Spring Meetings http://www.icdd.com/profile/march11.htm

March 14-18, 2011

Frankfurt/Oder (Germany) and Słubice (Poland) GPCCG 2011 German-Polish Conference on Crystal Growth http://www.dgkk.de/GPCCG-2011/

March 20-23, 2011

Monterey, CA, USA 20th West Coast Protein Crystallography Workshop http://www.wcpcw.org/

March 21-25, 2011

Dallas, Texas, USA APS March Meeting 2011 http://www.aps.org/meetings/march/index.cfm

March 25-27, 2011

Sanya, China ICKEM 2011 2011 International Conference on Key Engineering Materials http://www.ickem.org/cfp.htm

March 26 - April 3, 2011

Durham, United Kingdom 13th Intensive Teaching School in X-ray Structure Analysis http://www.dur.ac.uk/durham.x-ray-school/

March 28 - April 1, 2011

New York, NY, USA PAC’11 - 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference http://www.bnl.gov/pac11/

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Calendar

April 4, 2011

Diamond, LS, Oxforshire, UK ACTOP11 4th Workshop on Active X-ray & XUV Optics http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Events/actop11.html

April 4-7, 2011

Cambridge, United Kingdom Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials XVII http://msmxvii.iopconfs.org/

April 6-15, 2011

Erice, Italy Synchrotron Radiation & Free Electron Lasers Joint US-Cern-Japan-Russia School http://cas.web.cern.ch/cas/JAS/Erice-advert.html

April 11-13, 2011

Edinburgh, United Kingdom 34th Annual British Zeolite Association Conference http://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/bza2011/

April 11-14, 2011

Keele, United Kingdom BCA Spring Meeting 2011 http://crystallography.org.uk/spring-meeting-2011

April 12-13, 2011

Photon Factory, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Improving the data quality and quantity for XAFS experiments http://www.iucr.org/news/notices/meetings/meeting_2010_231

April 13-14, 2011

Jena, Germany Euro BioMat 2011 European Symposium on Biomaterials and Related Areas http://www.dgm.de/dgm/biomat/

April 25-29, 2011

Mahdia, Tunisia School on Fundamental Crystallography http://www.crystallography.fr/mathcryst/mahdia2011.php

April 25-29, 2011

San Francisco, CA, USA MRS Spring Meeting Symposium J: Protons in Solids http://www.mrs.org/s_mrs/sec.asp?CID=21379&DID=246341&SID=1

May 2-5, 2011

ANL, Argonne, IL USA APS/CNM/EMC Users Meeting http://nano.anl.gov/events/index.html

May 6-9, 2011

Shanghai, China 3rd APPA Conference in conjunctionwith the 3rd Symposium of the CPS

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Calendar

May 9-11, 2011

Bad Honnef, Germany Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Seminar: Energy Materials Research by Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation http://nano.anl.gov/events/index.html

May 9-13, 2011

Nice, France E-MRS Spring Meeting and IUMRS ICAM 2011 http://www.emrsstrasbourg.com/index.php?option= com_content&task=view&id=359&Itemid=134

May 10-14, 2011

Toronto, ON, Canada ICSG 2011 International Conference on Structural Genomics http://www.sgc.utoronto.ca/ICSG2011/

May 16-19, 2011

Lyon, France PPXRD-10 - 10th Pharmaceutical Powder X-ray Diffraction Symposium http://www.icdd.com/ppxrd/

May 18-20, 2011

Madrid, Spain CORALS-II-2011: 2nd International Meeting on Micro-Raman and Luminescence Studies in the Earth and Planetary Sciences http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/corals2011/

May 22 -27, 2011

Granada, Spain 3rd Intl School on Biological Crystallization http://www.isbcgranada.org/

May 23-27, 2011

Tokyo, Japan MaThCryst Workshop on Crystallographic Software http://www.crystallography.fr/mathcryst/tokyo2011.php

May 28 - June 2, 2011

New Orleans, LA, USA 2011 ACA Meeting http://www.amercrystalassn.org/content/pages/2011-homepage

June 2-12, 2011

Erice, Italy The Power of Powder Diffraction http://www.crystalerice.org/Erice2011/2011pd.htm

June 13-17, 2011

Aussois, France Resonant Elastic X-Ray Scattering http://rexs2011.grenoble.cnrs.fr/

June 13-26, 2011

Z端rich, Switzerlan Z端rich School of Crystallography 2011 Bring Your Own Crystals http://www.oci.uzh.ch/group.pages/linden/zsc/

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Calendar

June 13-16, 2011

Boston, MA, USA Nanotech Conference & Expo 2011 http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2011/

June 26-30, 2011

Berlin, Germany 5th International Workshop on Crystal Growth Technology http://iwcgt5.ikz-berlin.de/

June 28 - July 1, 2011

Luzern, Switzerland European Fuell Cell Forum 2011 http://www.efcf.com/

June 29 - July 1, 2011

Les Diablerets, Switzerland MaNEP Summer School http://www.psi.ch/

July 17-22, 2011

Biddeford, ME, USA Thin Film and Crystal Growth Mechanisms Gordon Research Conference http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2011&program=thinfilm

July 17-21, 2011

Prague, Czech Republic 5th European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS 2011) http://ecns2011.org/joomla_15/

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Facilities

Neutron Scattering WWW SERVERS IN THE WORLD http://idb.neutron-eu.net/facilities.php

BNC - Budapest Research reactor

HIFAR

Type: Swimming pool reactor, 10 MW Phone: +36 1 392 2222 Phone e fax: +36 1 395 9162 Email: tozser@sunserv.kfki.hu http://www.kfki.hu/brr/indexen.htm

Phone e phone Numbers:

BENSC Berlin Neutron Scattering Center

ILL

Phone: +49 30 / 80 62-0 Fax: +49 30 / 80 62-21 81 Email: info@helmholtz-berlin.de http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/

FLNP Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Phone: (7-49621) 65 657 Fax: (7-49621) 65 085 E-mail: belushk@nf.jinr.ru http://flnp.jinr.ru/25/

FRG-1 Type: Swimming Pool Cold Neutron Source Phone: +49 (0)4152 87 1200 Fax: +49 (0)4152 87 1338 Email: peter.schreiner@gkss.de http://www.gkss.de/about_us/contact/research_reactor/index.htm

FRJ-2 Forschungszentrum J端lich GmbH Type: DIDO(heavy water), 23 MW http://www.fz-juelich.de/iff/wns/

FRM II Type: Compact 20 MW reactor Phone Garching: +49 (0) 89 289 10701 Phone Secretary: +49 (0) 89 289 10700 Fax: +49 (0) 89 289 10799 Phone J端lich: +49 2461 61 3826 Email: A.Ioffe@fz-juelich.de

ANSTO Switchboard: + 61 2 9717 3111 ANSTO Facsimile: + 61 2 9543 5097 Email: enquiries@ansto.gov.au http://www.ansto.gov.au

Type: 58MW High Flux Reactor Phone: + 33 (0)4 76 20 71 11 Fax: + 33 (0)4 76 48 39 06 Phone: +33 4 7620 7179 Fax: +33 4 76483906 Email: cico@ill.fr and sco@ill.fr http://www.ill.eu

IPNS Intense Pulsed Neutron at Argonne Phone: 630 252 7820 Fax: 630 252 7722

for proposal submission by e-mail send to cpeters@anl.gov or mail/fax to IPNS Scientific Secretary, Building 360 http://www.pns.anl.gov/

ISIS Didcot Type: Pulsed Spallation Source Phone: +44 (0) 1235 445592 Fax: +44 (0) 1235 445103 Email: uls@isis.rl.ac.uk http://www.isis.rl.ac.uk

JCNS Juelich Centre for Neutron Science Forschungszentrum Juelich D-52425 Juelich, Germany E-mail: neutron@fz-juelich.de http://www.jcns.info

JRR-3M

Email Secretary: JCNS@fz-juelich.de http://www.frm2.tum.de/en/index.html

Fax: +81 292 82 59227 Phoneex: JAERIJ24596 Email: www-admin@www.jaea.go.jp http://www.jaea.go.jp/jaeri/english/index.html

HFIR

JEEP-II Reactor

ORNL, Oak Ridge, USA Phone: (865)576 0214 Fax: (865)574 096 Email: burnettese@ornl.gov http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/HFIR/experiment.shtml

Type: D2O moderated 3.5% enriched UO2 fuel Phone: +47 63 806000 / 806275 Fax: +47 63 816356 Email: kjell.bendiksen@ife.no http://www.ife.no/index_html-en?set_language=en&cl=en

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Facilities

KENS

NCNR NIST Center for Neutron Research

Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator research Organisation 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken,?305-0801, Japan Email: kens-pac@nml.kek.jp http://neutron-www.kek.jp/index_e.html

Phone: (301) 975 6210 Fax: (301) 869 4770 Email: Robert.dimeo@nist.gov http://rrdjazz.nist.gov

KUR Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute

NPL - NRI

Kumatori-cho Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan Phone: +81 72 451 2300 Fax: +81 72 451 2600 http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/

Type: 10 MW research reactor Phone: +420 2 20941177 / 66173428 Fax: +420 2 20941155 Email: krz@ujv.cz and brv@nri.cz http://neutron.ujf.cas.cz/

LANSCE

NRU - Chalk River Laboratories

Phone: 505 665 1010 Fax: 505 667 8830 Email: lansce_users@lanl Email: tichavez@lanl.gov http://lansce.lanl.gov/

Phone: 613 584 8293 Fax: 613 584 4040 http://neutron.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/home_e.html

RID - Reactor Institute Delft (NL) Type: 2MW light water swimming pool Phone: +31 (0)15 278 5052 Fax: +31 (0)15 278 6422 E-mail: secretary-rid@tudelft.nl http://www.rid.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=b15d7df9

LLB Type: Reactor Flux: 3.0 x 1014 n/cm2/s

SecrĂŠtariat Europe: Phone: 0169085417 Fax: 0169088261 Email: experience@llb.cea.fr http://www-llb.cea.fr

-7928-441e-b45d-6ecce78d6b0e&lang=en

SINQ

NFL Studsvik Neutron Research Laboratory Uppsala University - Studsvik Nuclear AB, Stockholm, Sweden Type: swimming pool type reactor, 50 MW, with additional reactor 1 MW Phone: +46 155 21 000 Fax: +46 155 63 001 http://cordis.europa.eu/data/PROJ_FP5/ACTIONeqDndSESSIO Neq112302005919ndDOCeq4269ndTBLeqEN_PROJ.htm

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Type: Steady spallation source Phone: +41 56 310 4666 Fax: +41 56 3103294 Email: sinq@psi.ch http://sinq.web.psi.ch

SNS - Spallation Neutron Source Phone: (865) 241 5644 Fax: (865) 241 5177 Email: ekkebusae@ornl.gov http://neutrons.ornl.gov

Facilities

Synchrotron Radiation Sources WWW SERVERS IN THE WORLD www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000098

ALBA - Synchrotron Light Facility Phone: +34 93 592 43 00 Fax: +34 93 592 43 01 http://www.cells.es/

CANDLE - Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission MODIFIC. Phone/Fax: +374 1 629806 Email: baghiryan@asls.candle.am http://www.candle.am/index.html

ALS - Advanced Light Source Phone: 510 486 7745 Fax: 510 486 4773 Email: alsuser@lbl.gov http://www-als.lbl.gov/als

CESLAB Central European Synchrotron Laboratory Phone: +420 541517500 Email: kozubek@ibp.cz http://www.xray.cz/

ANKA Phone: +49 (0)7247 / 82 6188 Fax: +49-(0)7247 / 82 8677 Email: info@fzk.de http://ankaweb.fzk.de/

CFN - Center for Functional Nanomaterials Phone: +1 (631) 344 6266 Fax: +1 (631) 344 3093 Email: cfnuser@bnl.gov http://www.bnl.gov/cfn/

APS - Advanced Photon Source Phone: (630) 252 2000 Fax: +1 708 252 3222 Email: fenner@aps.anl.gov http://www.aps.anl.gov/

CHESS - Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source

AS - Australian Synchrotron

CLIO - Centre Laser Infrarouge d’Orsay

Phone: +61 3 8540 4100 Fax: +61 3 8540 4200 Email: info@synchrotron.org.au http://www.synchrotron.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=1

Email: accueil-clio@lcp.u-psud.fr http://clio.lcp.u-psud.fr/clio_eng/clio_eng.htm

BESSY - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gessellschaft.für Synchrotronstrahlung Phone: +49 (0)30 6392 2999 Fax: +49 (0)30 6392 2990 Email: info@bessy.de http://www.bessy.de/

BSRF Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Phone: +86 10 68235125 Fax: +86 10 68186229 Email: houbz@mail.ihep.ac.cn http://www.ihep.ac.cn/bsrf/english/main/main.htm

Phone: 607 255 7163 Fax: 607 255 9001 http://www.chess.cornell.edu/

CLS - Canadian Light Source Phone: (306) 657 3500 Fax: (306) 657 3535 Email: clsuo@lightsource.ca http://www.lightsource.ca/

CNM - Center for Nanoscale Materials Phone: 630 252 6952 Fax: 630 252 5739 Email: carrieclark@anl.gov http://nano.anl.gov/facilities/index.html

CTST - UCSB Center for Terahertz Science and Technology University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA http://sbfel3.ucsb.edu/

CAMD Center Advanced Microstructures & Devices

DAFNE Light

Phone: +1 (225) 578 8887 Fax: +1 (225) 578 6954 Email: leeann@lsu.edu http://www.camd.lsu.edu/

INFN-LNF Phone: +39 06 94031 Fax: +39 06 9403 2582 http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/btf/

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Facilities

DELSY - Dubna ELectron SYnchrotron

HASYLAB - Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor DORIS III, PETRA II / III, FLASH

Phone: + 7 09621 65 059 Fax: + 7 09621 65 891 Email: post@jinr.ru http://www.info.jinr.ru/delsy/variant-21june.htm

Phone: +49 40 8998 2304 Fax: +49 40 8998 2020 Email: HASYLAB@DESY.de http://hasylab.desy.de/

DELTA - Dortmund Electron Test Accelerator HSRC Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center HISOR

FELICITA I (FEL) Fax: +49 (0)231 755 5383 http://usys.delta.uni-dortmund.de/

DFELL - Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory Phone: (919) 660 2681 Fax: (919) 660 2671 Email: beamtime@fel.duke.edu - (919) 660 2669 http://www.fel.duke.edu/

Phone: +81 82 424 6293 Fax: +81 82 424 6294 http://www.hsrc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/english/index-e.htm

Ifel Phone: +81 (0)72 897 6410 http://www.fel.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/english/index_e.html http://www.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/index.html

Diamond Light Source INDUS -1 / INDUS -2

Phone: +44 (0)1235 778000 Fax: +44 (0)1235 778499 Email: useroffice@diamond.ac.uk http://www.diamond.ac.uk/default.htm

ELETTRA - Synchrotron Light Laborator

Phone: +91 731 248 8003 Fax: +91 731 248 8000 Email: rvn@cat.ernet.in http://www.cat.ernet.in/technology/accel/indus/index.html http://www.cat.ernet.in/technology/accel/atdhome.html

Phone: +39 (040) 37581 Fax: +39 (040) 938 0902 http://www.elettra.trieste.it/

IR FEL Research Center FEL-SUT

ELSA - Electron Stretcher Accelerator Phone: +49 228 735926 Fax: +49 228 733620 Email: roy@physik.uni-bonn.de http://www-elsa.physik.uni-bonn.de/elsa-facility_en.html

ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Lab. Phone: +33 (0)4 7688 2000 Fax: +33 (0)4 7688 2020 Email: useroff@esrf.fr http://www.esrf.eu/

Phone: +81 4 7121 4290 Fax: +81 4 7121 4298 Email: felsut@rs.noda.sut.ac.jp http://www.rs.noda.sut.ac.jp/~felsut/english/index.htm

ISA - Institute for Storage Ring Facilities - ASTRID-1 Phone: +45 8942 3778 Fax: +45 8612 0740 Email: fyssp@phys.au.dk http://www.isa.au.dk/

ISI-800

FELBE Free-Electron Lasers at the ELBE radiation source at the FZR/Dresden

Phone: +(380) 44 424-1005 Fax: +(380) 44 424-2561 Email: metall@imp.kiev.ua

Phone: +49 351 260 0 Fax: +49 351 269 0461 E-Mail: kontakt@fzd.de http://www.fzd.de

Jlab - Jefferson Lab FEL

FELIX Free Electron Laser for Infrared experiments

Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Pulse Stretcher/Synchrotron Radiation

Phone: +31 30 6096999 Fax: +31 30 6031204 Email: B.Redlich@rijnh.nl http://www.rijnh.nl/felix/

Phone: +38 (057) 335 35 30 Fax: +38 (057) 335 16 88 http://www.kipt.kharkov.ua/.indexe.html

Phone: (757) 269 7100 Fax: (757) 269 7848 http://www.jlab.org/FEL

FOUNDRY - The Molecular Foundry

KSR - Nuclear Science Research Facility Accelerator Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, CA 94720, USA http://foundry.lbl.gov/index.html

Fax: +81 774 38 3289 http://wwwal.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/www/index-e.htmlx

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Facilities

KSRS - Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source Siberia-1 / Siberia-2 Phone: 8 499 196 96 45 http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000152 http://www.kiae.ru/ (in Russian)

PAL - Pohang Accelerator Laboratory San-31 Hyoja-dong Pohang Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea Email: ilguya@postech.ac.kr http://pal.postech.ac.kr/eng/index.html

PF - Photon Factory LCLS - Linac Coherent Light Source Phone: +1 (650) 926 3191 Fax: +1 (650) 926 3600 Email: knotts@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/

Phone: +81 (0) 29 879 6009 Fax: +81 (0) 29 864 4402 Email: users.office2@post.kek.jp http://pfwww.kek.jp/

PSLS - Polish Synchrotron Light Source LNLS - Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron Phone: +55 (0) 19 3512 1010 Fax: +55 (0)19 3512 1004 Email: sau@lnls.br http://www.lnls.br/lnls/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?UserActive

Template=lnls%5F2007%5Fenglish&tpl=home

MAX-Lab Phone: +46 222 9872 Fax: +46 222 4710 http://www.maxlab.lu.se/

Medical Synchrotron Radiation Facility Phone: +81 (0)43 251 2111 http://www.nirs.go.jp/ENG/index.html

MLS Metrology Light Source Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Phone: +49 30 3481 7312 Fax: +49 30 3481 7550 Email: Gerhard.Ulm@ptb.de http://www.ptb.de/mls/

NSLS - National Synchrotron Light Source Phone: +1 (631) 344 7976 Fax: +1 (631) 344 7206 Email: nslsuser@bnl.gov http://www.nsls.bnl.gov/

NSRL - National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Phone: +86 551 3601989 Fax: +86 551 5141078 Email: zdh@ustc.edu.cn http://www.nsrl.ustc.edu.cn/en/

Phone: +48 (12) 663 58 20 Email: mail@synchrotron.pl http://www.if.uj.edu.pl/Synchro/

RitS Ritsumeikan University SR Center Phone: +81 (0)77 561 2806 Fax: +81 (0)77 561 2859 Email: d11-www-adm@se.ritsumei.ac.jp http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/se/re/SLLS/newpage13.htm

SAGA-LS - Saga Light Source Phone: +81 942 83 5017 Fax: +81 942 83 5196 http://www.saga-ls.jp/?page=173

SESAME - Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East Email: hhelal@mailer.eun.eg http://www.sesame.org.jo/index.aspx

SLS - Swiss Light Source Phone: +41 56 310 4666 Fax: +41 56 310 3294 Email: slsuo@psi.ch http://sls.web.psi.ch/view.php/about/index.html

SOLEIL Phone: +33 1 6935 9652 Fax: +33 1 6935 9456 Email: frederique.fraissard@synchrotron-soleil.fr http://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/portal/page/portal/Accueil

SPL - Siam Photon Laboratory Phone: +66 44 21 7040 Fax: +66 44 21 7047 / +66 44 21 7040 ext 211 http://www.slri.or.th/new_eng/

NSRRC - National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center

SPring-8

Phone: +886 3 578 0281 Fax: +886 3 578 9816 Email: user@nsrrc.org.tw http://www.nsrrc.org.tw/

Phone: +81 (0) 791 58 0961 Fax: +81 (0) 791 58 0965 Email: sp8jasri@spring8.or.jp http://www.spring8.or.jp/en/

NSSR - Nagoya University Small Synchrotron Radiation Facility

SRC - Synchrotron Radiation Center

Phone: +81 (0)43 251 2111 http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/

Phone: +1 (608) 877 2000 Fax: +1 (608) 877 2001 http://www.src.wisc.edu/

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Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone - Vol. 16 n. 1

Facilities

SSLS Singapore Synchrotron Light Source - Helios II

SURF Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility

Phone: (65) 6874 6568 Fax: (65) 6773 6734 http://ssls.nus.edu.sg/index.html

Phone: +1 (301) 975 4200 http://physics.nist.gov/MajResFac/SURF/SURF/index.html

TNK - F.V. Lukin Institute SSRC Siberian Synchrotron Research Centre - VEPP3/VEPP4 Phone: +7(3832)39 44 98 Fax: +7(3832)34 21 63 Email: G.N.Kulipanov@inp.nsk.su http://ssrc.inp.nsk.su/english/load.pl?right=general.html

SSRF Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility http://ssrf.sinap.ac.cn/english/

SSRL Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Phone: +1 650 926 3191 Fax: +1 650 926 3600 Email: knotts@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu http://www.ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/users/user_admin/ura_staff_new.html

SuperSOR SuperSOR Synchrotron Radiation Facility Phone: +81 (0471) 36 3405 Fax: +81(0471) 34 6041 Email: kakizaki@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp http://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/labs/sor/project/MENU.html

Phone: +7(095) 531 1306 / +7(095) 531 1603 Fax: +7(095) 531 4656 Email: admin@niifp.ru http://www.niifp.ru/index_e.html

TSRF Tohoku Synchrotron Radiation Facility Laboratory of Nuclear Sciente Phone: +81 (022) 743 3400 Fax: +81 (022) 743 3401 Email: koho@LNS.tohoku.ac.jp http://www.lns.tohoku.ac.jp/index.php

UVSOR Ultraviolet Synchrotron Orbital Radiation Facility Phone: +81 564 55 7418 (Receptionistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office) Fax: +81 564 54 2254 Email: webmaster@ims.ac.jp http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp/defaultE.html

VU FEL W.M. Keck Vanderbilt Free-electron Laser Center Email: b.gabella@vanderbilt.edu http://www.vanderbilt.edu/fel/

INFORMATION on Conference Announcements and Advertising for Europe and US, rates and inserts can be found at: www.cnr.it/neutronielucedisincrotrone

Anna Minella E-mail: nnls@roma2.infn.it

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Sincrotrone Trieste: launch of the new trigeneration plant L.B. Palatini

NFFA: Nanoscience Foundries and Fine Analysis G. Rossi, R. Ciancio, C. Africh, R. Gotter, G. Panaccione, R. Ferranti, D. Orani, E. Lora Tamayo, L. Fonseca, J. Gobrecht, C. David, J. Greenhalgh, G. Arthur, E. Huq, P. Laggner, H. Amenitsch, K. Jungnikl, B. Sartori

Muon & Neutron & Synchrotron Radiation News News from SNS Neutron Instruments Added at Oak Ridge A.E. Ekkebus

School and Meeting Reports Workshop on High-Energy Neutrons for Science and Society C. Andreani, N. Gidopoulos

Scattering and Imaging with eV Neutrons: X School of Neutron Scattering Francesco Paolo Ricci R. Senesi, C. Vasi

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In situ study of the water dynamics in a fuel cell Nafion membrane upon working

Scientific Reviews

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ISSN 1592-7822 - Vol. 16 n. 1 January 2011 - Aut. Trib. Roma n. 124/96 del 22-03-96 - Sped. Abb. Post. 70% Filiale di Roma - C.N.R. p.le A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma

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