SANITARY & WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM ANIQ BIN ANAS / 2015198575 NOOR NASIHA BINTI RAZALI / 2015186951 NUR DEENA BINTI RUSLAN / 2015406636 NUR MUHAMMAD KAMIL BIN MOHD IZHARI / 2015168085 NUR SHAHAREENA BINTI NAZLI / 2015532297 PUTRI FARAWAHIDA BINTI MEGAT KAMARULZAMAN / 2015959337
SANITARY SYSTEM PRINCIPLES
Types of system
Plumbing is the practice, materials and fixtures used in the installation or maintenance of all pipes in connection with both water supply and sanitary systems within or adjacent to any building.
The sanitary plumbing system should be designed keeping into consideration the following general principles: 1. Microbiologically cleanable 2. Accessible for inspection, maintenance and cleaning 3. No liquid collection 4. Hollow areas perfectly sealed 5. Hygienic compatibility with other system 6. Validated cleaning and sanitizing protocol
WATER CLOSET (WC) WASH BASIN
Gravity system
Low pressure system
URINALS
SANITARY FITTINGS BATH TUBS
FLUSHING CISTERN
KITCHEN SINKS
Vacuum system
SANITARY SYSTEM PRINCIPLES -
To direct waterborne wastage out from the building. Underground carriage system for transporting sewage through pipes to treatment or disposal.
WASTE COLLECTION SUB-SYSTEM
VENTILATION
SEWERAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM PRINCIPLES 1. 2. 3. 4.
Types of septic tank:
Stormwater sewer to carry stormwater from roof, paved areas etc Sanitary sewer to carry wastewater from cooking, washing and waste from toilet Industrial sewer to carry wastewater generated from the industry Combined sewer to carry stormwater, industrial waste and domestic sewage
Individual Septic Tank
Communal Septic Tank
SEWERAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM Procedure in designing sewerage: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Network sewer planning Sewerage layout plan Determination of population equivalent Determination of peak flow, discharge, type and size of pipe Determination of velocities Determination of invert level and outlet level
Pipe: The diameter of the pipe is chosen based on the availability of the size provided, consideration of the economy and sufficient size to handle the total discharge, Q (Q>Peak flow total) Lateral sewer: minimum of 150mm receives the channel sewage from individual buildings to another branch sewer, or directly to an on-site treatment plant
Population equivalent method The PE is an estimate of the usage made of sewage facilities. PE express the ratio of the sum of the pollution load produced during 24 hours by industrial facilities and services to the individual pollution load in household sewage produced by one person in the same time. Flow rates are measured in cubic meters per second Calculated for both existing land use and for expected future development 5PE<PE<150
Individual Septic Tank
Housing Small Individual Development
30<PE<5000
Package Plant System
Big Scale Development
SEWERAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM
CASE STUDY 1: KLPAC
LEGEND Mainhole & Sewerage line
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Toilets
CASE STUDY 1: KLPAC
Typical Septic Tank
Calculation
Septic Tank Location
CASE STUDY 2: MITSUI OUTLET, SEPANG y
GROUND FLOOR PLAN y LEGEND Mainhole & Sewerage line Restaurants Toilets Refuse Chamber & Loading Bay SEWERAGE LAYOUT PLAN
Sewerage Tap Off Location
CASE STUDY 2: MITSUI OUTLET, SEPANG y
Temporary Sewerage Treatment Plant
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
y
CASE STUDY 2: MITSUI OUTLET, SEPANG Calculation
Sewerage Treatment Plant Type of Shop, includes restaurant and cafeteria:
establishment:
Population Equivalent (PE) = Commercial (office,retails, restaurants, cafeteria etc.) = 3 per 100m2 Therefore,Total Shop Area (GF &1st floor for Mitsui (26 656m2) = 26 656 x 3 / 100 = 799.68PE Thus, a suitable system for this development is by using Sewerage Treatment Plant (package plant system). (30<PE<5000)
Communal Septic Tank
WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM GENERAL CRITERIA
Basic criteria in designing refuse chambers:
Refuse Disposal System involve the process for : ● Collection ● Treatment ● Disposal The development and operation of these systems is often called Solid-Waste Management (SWM). Waste can be in the form of: ● Solid ● Liquid ● Gaseous
Location:
Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd. : managing waste collection in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Pahang.
• Buildings must have an off-street collection area at ground level. • Storage area doors must not open over the public footway or road.
Accessibility:
The most common waste : MUNICIPAL WASTE (household waste)
SWB Environment Sdn. Bhd. : managing waste collection in Johor, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan.
In Malaysia - Collected by the local authorities through waste collection or by special collection such as Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd. And SWM Environment Sdn. Bhd.
Convenience: • Waste collection crews and caretakers should not have to: • carry waste sacks more than 10m • carry bins or move wheeled bins (up to 360 litres) more than 15m • other large wheeled bin more than 10m
• A Refuse Room / Chamber shall be able to house one (or more) large container(s). • There shall be provision of convenient and safe access for refuse collection vehicle - to the approval of local authority [UBBL 1984]. • Refuse collected in the container is conveyed directly into a refuse collection vehicle, which backs up to the refuse room. • The path between the chamber and vehicle access area should have a minimum width of 2m (flat or slope down with max. gradient 1:12).
WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM Refuse Collection Vehicle Access:
Calculation for Rubbish Compartment: • The Rule of Thumb:
• Access roads ● Minimum 5m wide ● Able to withstand the gross vehicle weight of 26 tones. • Any part of a building, which the refuse collection vehicle passes must have a minimum clear height of 4.5m. • The vehicle should not be reverse more than 12m
1 cu.m. for 110 sq.m. of Nett Building Area Example of Calculation: Gross Floor Area = 11,485 sq.m. Nett Floor Area = 9,929 sq.m. * Thus = 9,929 / 110 sq.m. = 90.26 cu.m. Standard Size of Rubbish Compartment = 4m x 8m x 4.3m = 137.60 cu.m. Therefore, number of compartment required = 90.26 / 137.60 = 0.66 - 1 unit Minimum Dimensions for Turning Area for Refuse Collection Vehicle
CASE STUDY 1: MITSUI OUTLET, SEPANG
CASE STUDY 2: CHOWRASTA MARKET, PENANG Composting: A process of recycling organic material which typically is viewed as food scraps and yard waste. Environmentally sensitive and minimal garbage collection costs by removing food waste from the garbage stream that would normally be headed to the landfill. By doing so, we save landfill space and reduce costs of disposal, sometimes significantly due to the heavy weight of the food waste.
CASE STUDY 2: CHOWRASTA MARKET, PENANG What can you compose? Anything you eat including ingredients, cooked food and garden waste can be composted. How long does it take to decompose? Depending on the type of waste added to the machine, the process takes about 24 to 48 hours. Does the composting machine need a large space? Not at all. The space required for a machine that can process the waste of 600 houses, is less than 30 sq.ft. Will there be any harmful discharge from the equipment? There is no harmful discharge from the equipment. No leachate, water or any harmful gases are discharged. The only by products are Co2 & water vapour. How often should the compost be removed? The removal of the by product can be done once in 5 to 6 days.
CASE STUDY 2: CHOWRASTA MARKET, PENANG
Location: composting machine
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