VIVA VOCE

ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

VIVA VOCE Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture

Prepared by: Noor Nasiha Razali Matric No: 2015186951 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yusoff Abbas Department of Architecture Faculty Architecture, Planning and Surveying University of Technology MARA

2017

outline OUTLINE

Introduction Problem statements Scope of limitation and delimitation Research aim, objectives, questions and methods Research methodology Investigation framework Study areas Research Significant Literature Review Research findings Precedent Studies Discussion Answering research questions Contribution to existing knowledge Conclusion and recommendations

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

introduction INTRODUCTION

BASE Jumping

Rock Climbing

In recent years, the term adrenaline rush activities have evolved on grand scale among the youngsters who are full of anxiety and eagerness.

Mountain Biking

Adrenaline rush activities is concentrated on the excitement seeking associated with control and physics, thrill, pushing the limits and man against nature.

Adrenaline rush activity could be use as mental imaging to help channelling stressful energy towards certain thoughts and images and it manage to spread positivity effect on the individual. (Hart, 1995)

Scuba Diving Wave Surfing Sky Diving

As urban stress is one of alarming phenomenon nowadays, an architectural resolution of adrenaline sport activity with proper guidelines could decrease the level of stress in urban area.

Example of Adrenaline Rush Activities\ Source: Google Image

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

introduction ADRENALINE RUSH CONCEPT

WHAT HAPPEN IN HUMAN BODY DURING ADRENALINE RUSH?

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ADRENALINE RUSH ACTIVITIES TO ADRENALINE JUNKIE?

Adrenaline binds to receptors & organ

Adrenaline produced by adrenal medulla

Adrenaline rush push individual for maximum individual achievement in extreme activities.

Adrenaline rush help to distract and channel the stress in extreme activities.

EFFECT:

Heart and arteries: Increase heart rate

Pancreas, liver, muscles fatty tissue: Increase of Insulin & synthesis of sugar and fat

Adrenaline rush prepares the body what we call “fight or flight.”

Eg: Balancing body while surfing to avoid fall.

Souce: Google Image

The nutrients in the body are released to sustain muscular activity and blood flow is regulated away from less important organs to the muscles to prepare for a fight.

Adrenaline rush play a major role in pleasure and addiction.

ADRENALINE JUNKIE: tend to seek excitement in stressful activities to release adrenaline hormones in their body system

Adrenaline rush secrete endorphins, the pain-suppressing and pleasure-inducing compounds.

“High” feeling of adrenaline rush is similar to the “high” feeling human would get from cocaine or amphetamine (speed).

“People can become addicted to the risk and may have to keep raising the limits to get the reward they seek” Bernard D. Beitman Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences at the University of Virginia

(Huffington post, 2014) VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

problem statement PROBLEM STATEMENTS

The adrenaline rush activities requires a high skills and techniques as well as intensive training to ensure safety of the athletes and adrenaline junkie. There are no proper equip environment with

updated facilities and security to prevent injuries in this sport field in the context of Malaysia.

Many party have overlooked that adrenaline sport has tremendous potential for development and preservation of the identity of a place. Normally, adrenaline sports have a very strong relationship with the environment, for example, wave surfing closely linked to the sea, skydiving closely related to air and a good view, hiking is closely linked to the mountain and nature. In addition, the adrenaline sport tourism could boost local businesses and give positive impact to community.

Previously, the sport is regarded as the hobby of teenagers but it

could be potentialize by turning the sport as a career if the world-class facilities can be provided. Community need to change mentality and give opportunities to these group to move forward.

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

methodology

SCOPE OF LIMITATION & DELIMITATION

LIMITATION 1: There are no surf sport centre with updated facilities for surf crowd in Malaysia

LIMITATION 3: The study is limited but will focusing on one type of adrenaline rush activities to allows a sufficient depth of research output within the confined time. Wave surfing activity has a great potential to increase the sport tourism in Malaysia.

DELIMITATION 1: Due to no surf sport centre example in Malaysia, other research method such as questionnaire will be redundant and the best way is to do Prototyping Method

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

methodology

RESEARCH AIM, OBJECTIVES, QUESTIONS & METHODS

AIM: The aim of the research is to establish design criteria of an artificial wave surfing centre in the context of Malaysia.

NO

RESEARCH QUESTION

RQ1

What technologies can be used for artificial surf wavepool for variable site condition?

RO1 To identify technologies of artificial wave surfing to be implemented in architecture scope.

what are the concept, spatial planning, associated space and programs that could support the surf sport centre for variable site condition?

RO2 To identify the concept, spatial planning, associated space and programs that could support the surf sport centre.

what are the best design criteria of surf sport centre for the most potentially site in Malaysia?

RO3 To establish architectural design criteria for surf sport centre at the most potential site in Malaysia.

RQ2

The study is limited but will focusing on one type of adrenaline rush activities to allows a sufficient depth of research output within the confined time. Wave surfing activity has a great potential to increase the sport tourism in Malaysia.

RQ3

NO

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

SOURCE OF DATA

METHOD

Primary source

Literature

Primary source

Case Study

Primary source

Prototyping Model

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

methodology

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The case studies will be focussing on the concept, spatial planning, associated space and programs that could support the surf sport centre.

Data will be analysed from journals and books focussing on technology of Surf Wavepool available. Result will reflect the suitability of surf wave

pool technology for different site condition and need to success the

CitySurf, Vancouver, Canada - Surfloch Technology

surf sport centre.

Standing Surf Wavepool

LITERATURE SEARCH

Conventional Surf Wavepool Circular Surf Wavepool

Seagaia Ocean Dome, Japan - Surfloch Technology

CASE STUDY

Sunshine Park, Queensland - Webber Technology Silvertown Surf Centre, East London, England - SurfStream Technology

Data will be produce parallel with design thesis. The findings are the computation between the actual issues and site

PROTOTYPING

analysis on potential site, the synthesis of literature search and case studies from abroad. The result will be

APPARENT TRUTH (VALIDATION)

the best criteria for Surf Sport Centre in the most potential site in Malaysia. the concept, spatial planning, associated space and programs that could support the surf sport centre.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND TRIANGULATION Source: Author

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

methodology INVESTIGATION FRAMEWORK

CONCEPT OF THE SURF WAVEPOOL TECHNOLOGY

STANDART REQUIREMENT FOR SURF WAVEPOOL TECHNOLOGY

Result: Technologies for artificial surf wavepool in variable site condition • Small Indoor & Outdoor Area • Artificial wave pool on ground • Artificial wave pool on existing water bodies

LITERATURE SEARCH

Content of Investigation

BUILDING CONCEPT

SPATIAL PLANNING

SPACE & PROGRAM Content of Investigation

CitySurf, Vancouver, Canada - Surfloch Technology

Result: The concept, spatial planning, associated space and programs that could support the surf sport centre for variable site condition

Seagaia Ocean Dome, Miyazaki, Japan - Surfloch Technology Sunshine Park, Queensland - Webber Technology

CASE STUDY

Silvertown Surf Centre, East London, England - SurfStream Technology

APPARENT TRUTH

Content of Investigation

SITE ANALYSIS: Potential site: Cherating

SYNTHESIS LITERATURE

SYNTHESIS CASE STUDY

DESIGN STRATEGY in the context of Cherating

Result: The best design criteria of surf sport centre for the most potentially site in Malaysia (Cherating, Kuantan, Pahang) PROTOTYPING

Method of Investigation

Source: Author

Intention of Investigation

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

Key Plan (Not to scale) Source: Author

SITE ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS

Figure: Site analysis Kg. Cherating Lama Source: Author

methodology SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH

ECONOMIC ENHANCEMENT

REDUCE URBAN STRESS

The Surf Sport Centre able to be the urban catalyst of a place. It will boost the fine grain of the local community to support the sport tourism.

It will encourage youth to open businesses regarding surf sport such as hardgoods or attire.

Adrenaline rush activity could be use as mental imaging to help channelling stressful energy towards certain thoughts and images and it manage to spread positivity effect on the individual. (Hart, 1995)

BOOST SURF TOURISM

YOUNGSTER GATHERING PLACE

In the context of Malaysia, wave surfing is very popular on monsoon season. This is the time where local and international surf competition will be held especially on East Coast Beach (Pahang & Terengganu) and also Johor. While the current routine of Malaysian to avoid sea while monsoon, wave surfing able to increase surf tourism on that season.

Surf Sport is very famous among youngster and adrenaline junkie. The centre will be a new gathering place for youngster at the same time injected positive and healthy lifestyle to them.

INCREASE SURFER TECNIQUE AND SKILL The fully equip facilities able to increase surfer’s surf skills to international level. Unfortunately, Malaysia have no suitable wave potential and frequency during normal season for intermediate and professional surfer resulting the surfer has to wait for monsoon season to practice or surf in a big wave.

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

SURFING AND GOOD SURFING CONDITION

A pool mimics the surf conditions as found at a location with a good surfing conditions.

Surfing is paddling into a wave, standing up and riding the unbroken wave face close to the boundary between the broken and unbroken part of the wave, the breakpoint, the wave face is at its steepest enables the

surfer to overcome gravity and drag to perform manoeuvres.

Source: Google Image Figure a: A plunging wave in Snowdonia Wavepool for experienced surfer.

The steepest waves form a cavity under the plunging jet, a so called plunging breaker (see figure a), and surfers try to ride within this cavity. These plunging breakers are desirable for experienced surfers.

If the cavity under the plunging jet becomes small and the roller crumbles from the crest a wave is called spilling (see figure b). A spilling wave is less steep and therefore more suited for beginning surfers.

Source: Google Image Figure b: Surfers surfing a spilling breaker in outdoor ocean. Suitable for beginner and intermediate surfer

(De Schipper, 2007) VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

STANDING SURF WAVE – SurfStream by American Wave Machine INTRODUCTION

CONCEPT

This surf environment provides surfers with an incredible indoor ride.

Hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that normally occurs in an open channel water flow.

When a moving flow of water releases into an area of lower velocity flow, it slows down very quickly. The kinetic energy of the flow is converted to potential energy in the form of a wave known as a hydraulic jump.

Slower turbulent flow region

The inspiration for this technology derived from the idea of surfing a

standing wave on a river and a dream of an endless ride.

For horizontal flow the depth increase before jump due to fluid friction slowing water

Rapid laminar flow region Height after jump ( H2)

Height immediately before jump ( H1)

Source: Google Image Figure: SurfStream by American Wave machine.

Figure: Hydraulic Jump Phenomena Source: Author

An example of an everyday hydraulic jump is the stationary circular wave that forms around a stream of water as it flows out of the tap and contacts a flat surface. The jump is characterised by fast moving water before the jump where

there is also higher water depth and a more turbulent flow.

Source: Google Image

(Bruce Mcfarland. Engineer Inventor, American wave Machine, 2011) - Making Waves - Engineering a Hydraulic Jump, Product Design Show VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

STANDING SURF WAVE – SurfStream by American Wave Machine water is circulated 5 The continuously on a curling wave for example the water is pushed to one side of the pool called the venturi area. The water has to

STANDARD REQUIREMENT

Source: Author

1 A series of pumps in one end of a pool that push out a smooth flat, fast flow of water.

accumulate so that it will not destroy the water effect. The water is

forced along this venture channel and exits through a series of drains which feed back to the pumps thus completing the cycle.

2 The water then encounters a smooth bump called as a foil or spoiler to direct moving water upwards. The shape of the foil is altered to create different types of flows. The determination

4 It can be adjusted to different

wave shapes including left and right barrelling waves, stable beginner waves, and natural standing wave which are deeper more challenging.

This is accomplished by parameters such as incoming flow rate, the

incoming channel width and the contour of the bottom including the spoiler and the foil.

of this shape involves complex calculations.

3 The hydraulic jump is formed between the spoiler and the force. Surfer has to manage true dynamic relationship between water streaming over the jump, the non-holonomic constraints of the board surfaces acting on the water and the gravity vector.

(Bruce Mcfarland. Engineer Inventor, American wave Machine, 2011) - Making Waves - Engineering a Hydraulic Jump, Product Design Show VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

STANDING SURF WAVE – SurfStream by American Wave Machine Real Surfing Wave

STANDARD REQUIREMENT

Mimic real ocean wave

Suit all surfer category: 1 wave for 7.5 second, 8 waves per minute 3840 waves per day Multiple surfer categories

Multiple Reef: All Skill Levels One wave, multiple break.

Learn, surf, progress.

Safety: Padded reef and wall Soft and scrape free.

Model SS3512

Model SS4016

Source: Author

Model SS4020

Model SS5024

Model SS6032

Overall Footprint

6.7 x 19.8m

7.9 x 21.3m

9.8 x 22.9m

11 x 22.9m

12.2 x 24.4m

Per Hour Power Cost*

$4.5 – $14

$6 – $33

$7.5 – $41

$9 – $49.5

$12- $50

45kW – 140kW

60kW – 330kW

75kW – 410kW

90kW -495kW

120kW – 500kW

1 to 5

1 to 6

1 to 8

1 to 10

1 to 12

0.76m to 1.1m

0.76m to 1.2m

0.76m to 1.52m

0.76m to 1.52m

0.76m to 1.8m

Avg. Power Range Rider Capacity Wave Size

(Bruce Mcfarland. Engineer Inventor, American wave Machine, 2011) - Making Waves - Engineering a Hydraulic Jump, Product Design Show VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

CIRCULAR SURF WAVE POOL – by Greg Webber Technology INTRODUCTION

CONCEPT AND STANDARD REQUIREMENT

This surf environment provides surfers with an incredible outdoor ride.

The Liquid Time Wave Pool concept, invented and copyrighted by Greg Webber, strives to produce surfing waves by using ship waves.

Webber’s

The breakpoint

invention

is

to

creating

surfing waves in a circular pool by towing ship-like hulls around.

5

The hulls are towed along the outer wall of the pool and waves generated by

moves in a circular path, and nearly are endless surf rides a Waves are intended to break on a 1:6 slope starting 13 m from the outer wall.

are wave heights up to 2m to facilitate wave intermediate to expert level

a Centre Island

2

1:6 slope

4

The aim of this technology

conditions for surfers with

therefore possible.

these hulls propagate inwards and break on an island in the middle of the pool.

The waves break around the island which theoretically leads to endless surf rides.

1

diameter of 200m.

Wave generation area

3 Hull Diameter 200m Source: Author

Circular wavepool with an outer

Several hulls are towed along the

outer

wall generating a wave pattern propagating inwards.

Figure: Webber Wave Pool illustration. (De Schipper, 2007) -On the generation of surfable ship waves in a circular pool: Part I: physical background & wave pool design

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

CIRCULAR SURF WAVE POOL – by Greg Webber Technology STANDARD REQUIREMENT

Source: (De Schipper, 2007)

6

The hulls are tapered, being 3 meters wide at the still water level and 4 meters wide at the pool floor.

7

The hulls are 12 m long and each hull is supposed to generate multiple surfable waves

8

By reversing the towing direction, both left and right hand peeling waves can be generated. The hull profile

is hence designed symmetrical.

(De Schipper, 2007) -On the generation of surfable ship waves in a circular pool: Part I: physical background & wave pool design

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

SURF WAVE POOL – by Surfloch WaveSystem INTRODUCTION

CONCEPT AND STANDARD REQUIREMENT

SurfLoch WaveSystems are available in three different types of Aquatic

1

Surf Loch’s Wave Science replicates the ocean’s natural wave creation process by using continuous mono-directional wind.

Systems to match condition:

SurfLoch SurfPool – Pool water.

2

Meets filtration and chemical pool standards recommended by the USA’s Model Aquatic Health Code.

Using a combination

of

vacuum and pressure via large fans (blowers) to create “wind” within custom designed caissons (concrete chambers) where a “pullpush” action is applied by

SurfLoch SurfLake – Fresh water.

Some filtration and chemical balancing, similar to being in a clean, clear, fresh water lake.

elevating the water to create the wave trough, then pushing the water down to create the wave crest.

SurfLoch SurfLagoon – Salt water.

Salinated and filtered water, similar to being in clean, clear, tropical ocean waters.

3

An opening in the bottom of each independently powered caisson allows the

wave energy pulse to be released and delivered into open water.

Figure: Surfloch wavesystem illustration.

Figure: Surfloch section

www.surfloch.com

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA

literature

LITERATURE REVIEW

SURF WAVE POOL – by Surfloch WaveSystem

STANDARD REQUIREMENT

AREA Size are influence by wave height, ride duration, and number of breaks – the bigger the wave, the longer the ride duration and the more follow-on wave breaks, then, the bigger size pool.

Plunging Breaker Area

Water Surface needed: 2,787sqm = 0.7 acre Total Area : 3,251 sqm = 0.8 acre Pool water volume: 5,700 cubic meter

10m

Example 1: A 1.2 meter high wave with a 10 second duration, the required pool size is: 7ft 2.1m

6ft

5ft

3ft

2ft

1ft

1.8m 1.5m 1.2m 0.9m 0.6m 0.3m

Example 2: A 2 meter high wave with a 10 second duration, and a second break at 1 meter high, the required pool size is: Water Surface needed: 7,274sqm = 1.8 acre Total Area : 9,104 sqm = 2.5 acres Pool water volume: 15,500 cubic meter

4ft

Plunging Breaker Area

20m

*Including dry space for mechanical/ storage/ control and sanitation. Due to local site demand, additional area may be required for restrooms and changing area, lockers, food and beverage, retail, event space, etc. *This calculation is to engineer detail. www.surfloch.com

VIVA VOCE: ARCHITECTURE RESOLUTION TO ACCOMMODATE WAVE SURFING ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MALAYSIA