Stakeholder Analysis of Cairo's Garbage Village

“Egypt is a big informal city with strips, just strips, of formality.”

-UN Development Programme http://anawanahnoo.blogspot.ca/2012/11/blog-post.html Context // Scope

“Nearly 97% of the country’s 82.6 million people live in three major regions of the country: Cairo & Alexandria and elsewhere along the banks of the Nile valley and the Nile delta, and along the Suez Canal. These regions; which occupy about 4% of the country’s area, are among the world’s most densely populated regions, where the population density is about 1,500 inhabitants per km. The national poverty line is 22% of the entire population, 15 million of which live on informal settlements.” [EEAA, 2013]

Informal Settlements ?

Informal Services ?

Impact on Climate Change?

http://anawanahnoo.blogspot.ca/2012/11/blog-post.html Context // Scope

Who Manages Cairo’s 15,000 Tons Of Daily Waste?

Waste Increased dramatically, by more than 36% since the year 2000, to reach 20.5 million tons per year. Cairo alone generates waste of about 15,000 tons per day. Alot of this excess waste is burned, deposited in to the nile or left to rot in landfills near slums increasing unsanitary conditions; frameworks for recycling is not acknowledged within a legal framework.

Context // Scope

The Story of the Zabaleen: Cairo’s Garbage Village Informal solid waste management system [SWMS]

http://thetravelphotographer.blogspot.ca/2011/01/marty-aim-zabaleen-of-cairo.html

Originally, the Zabaleen were rural farmers from a city

In 2003, the government awarded annual contracts

called Assiut in Upper Egypt who migrated to Cairo in

worth $50 million to three multinational garbage col-

the 1940s to escape poor conditions and lack of har-

lecting companies putting the livelihoods of the Zaba-

vests. As a result, the Zabaleen established informal

leen under threat. The three companies included two

settlements on the outskirts of Cairo, where they con-

Spanish firms, FCC and Urbaser, along with Italian

tinued their tradition of breeding pigs to eat up organic

company AMA in addition to the Egyptian Company for

waste. Due to the Zabaleen’s success, this lead to more

Garbage Collection (ECGC) who was also given a con-

migrants from Upper Egypt relocating to Cairo to take

tract. However, the international firms recycled only

part in the Garbage trade.

20 per cent of waste collected, while the remaining 80 per cent is deposited in landfills in contrast to the Za-

“Before 2004, the zabaleen would take the rubbish they collected back to their homes and make a living from selling the salvaged materials to factories and wholesalers. The remaining organic waste would be fed to their pigs, whose meat also brought them a steady income.” -The Guardian Today, the Zabaleen are spread among seven settlements in Greater Cairo, with a primarily Coptic-Christian population of around 70,000. the Zabaleen deal https://www.flickr.com/photos/mosaaberising/6907115960/in/photolist

Context // Scope

with 9,000 of Cairo’s 15,000 daily tons of household rubbish, recycling 85% of it.

baleen, who manage to recycle nearly all the garbage they collect.

The situation for zabaleen was made worse in 2008, when the government announced the slaughter of 300,000 pigs due to fears regarding the spread of swine flu. Due to these recent events the waste situation is made worse in a city of 20 million.

The Story of the Zabaleen: Cairo’s Garbage Village Informal solid waste management system [SWMS]

compositing pigs eat organic waste waste collection

recycling segregation

waste recovery

reuse production sell back to factories other

Zabaleen deal with 9,000 of Cairo’s 15,000 daily tons of household rubbish, recycling 85% of it.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/mosaaberising/6907115960/in/photolist Context // Scope

The Story of the Zabaleen: Cairo’s Garbage Village Informal solid waste management system [SWMS]

“With resources stretched, children ended up sharing more of the burden” -zabaleen local http://www.flickr.com/photos/34173577@N05/15104140192 Stakeholder Analysis

Voices of the Zabaleen Family

Mother

Father

Youth

"We were having a hard time treating children for anaemia, because pigs had been a very good and cheap source of protein."

"The problem first began with the government's decision to contract foreign companies to do our job, even though we know the garbage system better than anyone," said Naem.

“With resources stretched, children ended up sharing more of the burden” Aramanyos said.

see: garbage everywhere children playing

see: garbage everywhere people living with more in the city

see: garbage everywhere the city as an escape father overworked

do: collect garbage and sell or reuse

do: help with garbage collection

hear: traffic government policies

hear: stories about wealth

do: segregate garbage & manage household fetch water hear: children playing superstitions about finding gold in trash think: about children, water needs feel: fear / kinship helpless / uncertain

think: make enough income to feed family feel: injustice overworked angry

think: about escaping feel: like they don’t have a choice ‘shy’ about their task

https://www.flickr.com/photos/mosaaberising/7053214503/in/photolist Stakeholder Analysis

Voices of formal entities NGOs

Government

SWM Companies

Community leaders tried to persuade officials to use the zabaleen formally within the system, but they received a patronising response” said Ezzat Naem Guindy, head of the zabaleen workers' syndicate, and chairman of Spirit of Youth, an influential local NGO

'How can we contract them? They're not formed into companies. They don't pay taxes.'

National + Lcal

see: zabaleen’s needs

see: luxuries of modernity

see: modernization

do: development projects

do: policies

do: waste collection

hear: government policies they don’t agree with

hear: local and international discontent

hear: complaints

think: strategies for integration of zabaleen

think: strategies for waste management

think: incapable of managing situation

https://www.flickr.com/photos/mosaaberising/6907115960/in/photolist Stakeholder Analysis

Informal Solid Waste Management

Resources

Mother

Father

Youth

NGOs

Government

SWM Companies

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

insights from both entities + Funding

economic and social wellbeing

assistance in waste management

source of income literacy

source of income literacy

opportunities time for school

safe platform for dialogue/learning funding & governemt support

development of infrastructure + economic incentives

play a caregiving role fear of change

able to protect & provide for family fear of change

marriage escape change

connect with communities

trust informal garbage collectors

See her children living a better life

be recognized in the formal WMS / raise income

validation independence

integrate zabaleen and raise living conditions

decrease waste & reduce cost

less waste

experience & integration

Needs

Pragmatic

Formal Solid Waste Management

Emotional

Aspirational

Stakeholder Analysis

share responsibilty

more capital

Interest And Influence Is Variable

Informal Solid Waste Management Mother

Father

Youth

Formal Solid Waste Management NGOs

Government

SWM Companies

NGos are middlemen between stakeholders

Resources

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

clean water Knowledge nutricious food health care

insights from both entities + Funding

economic and social wellbeing less waste

assistance in waste management

experience & integration

learning, and problem solving for the stakeholders by the stakeholders

Needs

Pragmatic

source of income literacy

source of income literacy

opportunities time for school

safe platform for dialogue/learning funding & governemt support

development of infrastructure + economic incentives

marriage escape change

connect with communities

trust informal garbage collectors

voices must be heard and exchanged

Emotional

play a caregiving role fear of change

able to protect & provide for family fear of change

share responsibilty

mutual need between stakeholders, but no trust

Aspirational

Stakeholder Analysis

See her children living a better life

be recognized in the formal WMS / raise income

validation independence

integrate zabaleen and raise living conditions

decrease waste & reduce cost

more capital

Informal Solid Waste Management

NGOs

Formal Solid Waste Management

85% Recycled

20% Recyled

65% of populations waste

45% of populations waste

Safe platform for dialogue: cocreating Development of living conditions for Zabaleen, best practices of waste management, integration between both systems

Insights // Outcomes

less waste

more waste

more income for slum dwellers

less income for slum dwellers

INSIGHTS > QUESTIONS

How can slums play a positive role with in the ecosystems of major cities, what services are they providing? What services do they need?

How can we utilize informal systems (bottom up) with formal systems (top down) to create resiliency for climate change?

How can we establish a safe platform for dialogue and action between formal and informal systems?

http://anawanahnoo.blogspot.ca/2012/11/blog-post.html Insights // Outcomes

Bibliography Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH (2009) Cairo’s Informal Areas: Between Urban Challenges and Hidden Potentials Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH (2003) UNDERSTANDING SLUMS: Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency [EEAA] (2013) Climate Change Risk Management in Egypt http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/ El Gamal Mostafa. (2012) MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EGYPT: Legal and Economic Instruments of Environmental Policy http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/povertymatters/2014/mar/27/waste-egypt-refuse-collectors-zabaleen-cairo http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/55025/ Egypt/Politics-/Zabaleen-Egypts-traditional-garbage-collectors-str.aspx

References

http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/03/egypt-climatechange-2/ Plan Bleu. (2000, December). Regional Study on Policies and Institutional Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Egypt. Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Plan Bleu - Regional Activity Centre -Enviroment and Development in the Mediterranean: http://www.planbleu.org/publications/wasteEGY.pdf The World Data Bank. (2013). Country profile: Egypt. http://data.worldbank.org/country/egypt-arab-republic