The Cracker magazine, July 2013

July 2013 Edition 59, No. 2

The Official Voice of the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation for the World Nut and Dried Fruit Trade

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA TO HOST INC 20-22 MAY 2014 BARCELONA CONGRESS BREAKS ALL RECORDS INC AWARDS TWO RESEARCH GRANTS

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July 2013, Edition 59 INTERNATIONAL NUT AND DRIED FRUIT COUNCIL FOUNDATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Giles Hacking - Chairman CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK Pino Calcagni - Vice Chairman V. Besana S.P.A., Italy Mark Mariani - Vice Chairman Mariani Packing Company, USA Jordi Martí - Treasurer and General Secretary Borges S.A.U., Spain Thomas Apfel Max Kiene GmbH, Germany Asadollah Asgaroladi Hassas Export Co. Ltd., Iran Cheng Hung Kay CHK Trading Co. Ltd., Hong Kong Mark Jansen Blue Diamond Growers, USA Zhou Jinkui Fenzhou Yuyuan Native Produce, China Barry Kriebel Sun-Maid Growers of California, USA Ashok Krishen Olam International Limited, Singapore Maarten Leerdam Intersnack Group GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Jack Mariani Mariani Nut Company, USA Mark Magnesen Planters / Kraft Foods, USA Stephen Meltzer Balcorp Ltd., Canada Pratap Nair Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company, India Osman Oz Aegean Exporters Associations, Turkey Antonio Pont - Honorary President Borges S.A.U., Spain Sabit Sabir Sabirlar Findik Ihracat Ltd. Sti., Turkey Berton Steir Paramount - Roll International Corp., USA Dick Walden The Green Valley Pecan Company, USA Michael Waring MWT Foods, Australia Cuneyd Zapsu Balsu A.S., Turkey Bian Zhen-hu/ Chen Ying China Chamber of Commerce, China EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Giles Hacking – Chairman Pino Calcagni - Vice Chairman Mark Mariani - Vice Chairman Jack Mariani Antonio Pont Berton Steir Michael Waring Cuneyd Zapsu Goretti Guasch - Executive Director SENATORS

Hubert Berrebi, France Helmut Dankert, Germany Raoul Gamon, France Chris Hacking, UK Walter F. Payne, USA Abbas Rafii, Luxembourg Don Soetaert, USA James Swink, USA Jack Taillie, Netherlands Frank Vaerewijck, Belgium Doug Youngdahl, USA THE CRACKER EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Giles Hacking – Chairman Susan Brauner – Editor Goretti Guasch – Executive Director Graphic Design by:

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FEATURED ARTICLES

INDEX

6

WORLD NEWS

14 INC Ambassadors

Nuts can lower risk of hypertension; allergy prevalence increases in last 10 years; China economy slows, but more economic growth in smaller Chinese towns; Vivir Bien program in Bolivia to save the Amazon region.

43 Statistical Outlook 79 Advertisers

17 Barcelona Success A recap of the most attended congress in INC history highlights opening a new headquarters in Reus with fanfare and fireworks as members and friends tour the facility; Advisory Committee reports 2.5 times growth in total commercial value of INC commodities from $13 billion in 2003 to $33 billion today; Golden Nut Award and Excellence and Innovation Awards recognize industry greats!

Cracker The

July 2013 Edition 59, No. 2

The Official Voice of the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation for the World Nut and Dried Fruit Trade

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA TO HOST INC 20-22 MAY 2014

29 Donors recognized Over 72 partners contributed to funding the INC headquarters and were recognized on stage at INC Barcelona Congress and on the entrance wall of the new office building followed by fine food and a fireworks celebration in Reus.

BARCELONA CONGRESS BREAKS ALL RECORDS INC AWARDS TWO RESEARCH GRANTS

60 World Industry News: Almond industry partners with Hershey to better understand dark chocolate and almond relationship to heart health; American Pistachio Growers tour with Miss California in China; Pistachio Health Institute introduces new resource for online users; NUCIS Italy collaborates with Ministry of Health; NUCIS Germany hosts 50th Scientific congress; Walnut Industry partners with Harvard for TYPE 2 Diabetes Study; Australia Nuts for Life celebrates 10 years; Pecan industry target culinary industry.

80 INc research grant First INC Research Grants go to Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard School of Public Health (Long-term nut consumption and cognitive function with aging), and University of Navarra in Spain (Long-term effects of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet on mortality and heart disease).

www.nutfruit.org

COVER PHOTO:

© Nuts for Life, nutsforlife.com.au

87 new health findings about nuts INC-NREF attends 2013 Experimental Biology meeting in Boston where over 14 abstracts reveal good news about tree nut health including the benefits of including nuts in the diet, lower body weight measures, and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among other heart-related benefits.

PERMANENT SECRETARIAT OF INC

Goretti Guasch, Executive Director Carrer de la Fruita Seca 4, Polígon Tecnoparc, 43204 Reus, Spain Tel: +34 977 331 416 | Fax: +34 977 315 028 E-mail: inc@nutfruit.org | Web: www.nutfruit.org The Cracker is published three times a year by the International Tree Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation (Fundacio Privada International Tree Nut CIF G-43738475). This magazine including all articles and illustrations, is copyright protected.

Any utilization beyond the light limits set by the Copyright Act is subject to publisher’s approval.

All trademarks, brand identities and graphic images shown in this publication are the property of their respective owners.

While the publishers believe that all information contained in this publication was correct at the time of going to press, they can accept no liability for any inaccuracies that may appear or loss suffered directly or indirectly by any reader as a result of any advertisement, editorial, photographs or other materials published in the Cracker.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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Chairman’s commentary

Greetings from London!!

It is hard to believe that it was only a year ago since I wrote my column for the July edition of the Cracker while London was in the grip of Olympic fever! So much has happened in the last 12 months: we have had a celebration of our own as we welcomed members and friends to our grand opening of the all-new INC headquarters in Reus just prior to the Barcelona Congress.

When I wrote this last year, we had just returned from the Singapore Congress, which I remember thinking at the time, was going to be a hard one to beat. However, here I sit, in the process of closing-off this year’s Barcelona Congress and, from what people are telling us, we seem to have raised the bar yet again! This is particularly gratifying, in light of the fact that we didn’t even have time for a game of golf or tennis!

You may remember that in Singapore, we formed a new committee, ‘’The World Forum for Nutrition Research.’’ Since the formation of this committee last year, members have worked feverishly to officially open the research forum just prior to the INC Congress where we had the honor to attend the very first World Forum for Nutrition Research Conference at the Congress Palace in Reus. This was an extremely well attended event of nearly 400 health professionals, nutritionists, and researchers from all over the world. Among other topics concerning nutritional health, there was also much discussion and presentation of the results of the Predimed study (published in February) confirming the beneficial effects of regular consumption of Nuts and Olive Oil as part of a Mediterranean diet.

At the World Forum, we had an inspiring response to our ‘call for expressions of interest for research projects’, with no less than 13 projects from nine countries applying for the research grant of €100,000 made available by INC. After considerable input and guidance from the evaluation committee, your Board agreed to split the grant 50/50 between two very worthy projects.

The first is a study about ‘the effects of long term nut consumption on cognitive function and ageing’ conducted by Harvard in the US. The second recipient of the research funds was a study about the ‘long term effects of a Mediterranean Diet on mortality and cardiovascular disease’ at the University of Navarra in Spain. Both of these projects are incredibly exciting, and we believe, an entirely appropriate use of INC’s funds, to continue the promotion of the health benefits of the regular consumption of dried fruits and nuts.

We continue to pursue our project about long term climate change, and its effect on production of dried fruit and nuts. The recent heat waves in California (for the second year in succession!) together with the terrible and tragic forest fires in Arizona only serve to underline the importance of this subject to our industry. Indeed, as I write this, we are being told to expect seven days of unbroken sunshine and consistent 25 degree C temperatures here in London. Let’s face it….there is definitely something going on !

Finally, on behalf of your board of directors, I would like to thank you for your confidence in and support of INC. Judging by the 600 person attendance at the inauguration of INC’s new home in Reus, we have much to be grateful for, and an organization to be proud of. We thank the 72 partners who contributed to our new building, making it possible to fully fund it. We sincerely appreciate your generosity and enjoyed recognizing you on stage during the congress. Of course, your company will be remembered by everyone who sees your name on the welcoming wall as guests visit our new headquarters!

As always at this time of year, I wish you all a great start to the new season.

Yours sincerely,

Giles Hacking INC Chairman

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The Cracker | July 2013

N CO EX N T GR IN ES C S

We look forward to seeing you in

20-22 May 2014

More information at

www.nutfruit.org

world nut & Dried fruit news Keep up with current events from the international nut & Dried fruit industry MORE DAIRY AND NUTS, LESS MEAT

LOWERS RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN MIDDLE–AGED ADULTS The Healthy Foods Score, initiated as a benchmark for scoring the nutritional value of various foods, was inversely related to the risk of developing hypertension, but not HNBP, in middle-aged African American and white men and women, according to researchers heading up the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Results were published in the May 21, 2013 issue of Nutrients Journal.

Dr Lu-Chen Weng, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, led the project. In their findings, researchers revealed that “ in studying the components of the diet pattern, the inverse relation with hypertension was largely attributable to greater intakes of dairy products and nuts, and lower intake of meat.

Specifically, study participants with the lowest risk of developing hypertension consumed more than two daily servings of dairy products, at least one serving of nuts per week, and one or fewer daily servings of meat, in addition to the combination of greater intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fish and lower intake of sugar sweetened beverages.”

“Our findings, “ they continued, “were consistent with those observed in the CARDIA study of young African American and white men and women, the study from which the HFscore used in ARIC was adapted.

Even though different dietary assessment instruments were used…similar food groups and the same scoring scheme were used to create the food score in each study. One diet quality score, the Recommended Foods Score, which includes only foods recommended for health but not other foods consumed in the rest of the diet, has been related to lower blood pressure….Our findings demonstrate a lower risk of hypertension with higher intake of dairy products and nuts, but lower intake of meat, after adjusting for the rest of the diet pattern and other confounding factors.

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The Cracker | July 2013

“Inconsistent results have been reported for studies about dairy products, whether total dairy, high-fat or lowfat dairy, relative to elevated blood pressure and high blood pressure. Dietary patterns with higher intake of dairy products, may lower blood pressure by modulating insulin secretion, although the evidence is inconsistent . Another potential blood pressure lowering mechanism may be the proteins in milk that include both casein and whey which contain blood pressure lowering properties. In addition, dairy products contain vitamin D, calcium magnesium, and individual fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 which correlate inversely with cardiovascular risk factors. Alternatively, dietary calcium may suppress vitamin D concentrations, thereby decreasing vascular smooth muscle cell intracellular calcium and also reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Thus, we speculate that a beneficial effect of dairy products on blood pressure may be due to the myriad of nutrients and dietary compounds in dairy products.

“Generally, greater meat consumption has been associated with higher risk of developing elevated or high blood pressure among a variety of populations. In contrast to dairy products, meat contains more saturated fatty acid and cholesterol, which may increase risk of coronary heart disease . In a metaanalysis of total protein intake relative to blood pressure, eight cross-sectional studies showed an inverse relation, while four prospective

studies reported no relation between total protein intake and blood pressure. Further, both plant protein and protein from meat sources have been inconsistently related to blood pressure . In addition, red meat contains high levels of heme iron, which has an unfavorable effect on blood pressure levels.

Processed meat contains considerable salt/ sodium, a known risk factor for hypertension.

Otherwise, higher consumption of meat may be a factor contributing to weight gain, which is positively associated with elevated blood pressure. Our results showed that adjustment for BMI attenuated the HFscore- hypertension relation, which further supports the mediating effect of BMI on blood pressure.

“Finally, our study adds to the accumulating evidence that nut consumption has a blood pressure lowering effect. Nuts are comprised of several components that have been related to lower blood pressure, including plant protein, fiber, antioxidants, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and the minerals magnesium and calcium. The strengths of this study include its prospective study design, high participation rate, and the standardized procedure for measuring blood pressure at four clinic exams. Further, dietary intake was measured on two occasions [33].

In addition, few, if any, cohort studies have previously examined the relation between the HFscore and high normal blood pressure in Caucasian and African American populations.

World nut & dried fruit news

ALLERGIES, INTOLERANCE KEY TO HEALTH According to data provided by Jennifer Stack, an associate professor of liberal arts at the Culinary Institute of America where she teaches nutrition and food safety to future chefs, based on the National Hospital Discharge Survey, there is an increase over the past decade of hospitalizations due to food allergies. This increase in food allergies is especially prevalent among preschool-age children and older kids, and it affects more than just the kids and their parents.

Anyone preparing food or eating in the vicinity of someone with an allergy or intolerance has a role to play to keep the food safe to eat. Many people use the terms food allergy and food intolerance interchangeably, despite big differences in how each affects their bodies.

An allergy is a response from a person’s immune system when the body perceives a normally safe substance as foreign and dangerous. The body responds to this perceived threat with a variety of reactions, which can range from a rash to nausea and vomiting, and even in some cases life-threatening anaphylactic shock. This is when the tissue around the windpipe swells and cuts off air to the lungs, resulting in the inability of a person to breathe. Most food allergies are to eight common foods: milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat and soy. Just a hint of the food can be enough to cause a problem for someone with an allergy.

An intolerance is a negative response in the digestive tract when the body is not capable of processing a certain food or ingredient. For instance, lactose intolerance results in gas, abdominal cramps and diarrhea when the carbohydrate in dairy (lactose) is not digested into small enough particles to be absorbed from the small intestine. With gluten intolerance, even a trace

amount of gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, barley and oats) can damage the lining of the intestine and cause a variety of digestive and health issues.

Many people with a food allergy or intolerance resign themselves to never eating in a restaurant or buying convenience foods. This loss of dining pleasure takes a toll on them, their family and friends. While the food industry understands this loss and is looking for ways to meet the needs of customers with food allergies or intolerance, not all food-service providers may be capable of producing food that is completely safe for those who must avoid even the smallest amounts of foods their bodies can’t handle.

In the best-case scenario, the kitchen is entirely allergen and gluten-free. This significantly reduces the possibility of trace amounts of offending substances.

Kitchens that have a separate preparation and cooking area for the special needs meals can also easily produce meals safe to eat for those with allergies or intolerance. Talking with a restaurant’s managers and asking them about their procedures for handling food intolerance and allergies can help determine if the kitchen is capable of fulfilling individual needs. Taking a tour of the kitchen while discussing the restaurant’s policies and procedures can also increase confidence.

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July 2013 | The Cracker

9

World nut & dried fruit news

CHINA:

SPARKING GROWTH IN SLOWING SECTOR

Shanghai, China

Manufacturers must refocus efforts on Tier III and IV cities in China and delve into e-commerce to reignite consumer spending in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) sector amid a slow down, according to analysts. A new report from China-based consumer research firm Kantar Worldpanel has found that FMCG sales growth has slowed across the country’s four ‘key cities’. Growth in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu dipped to 11% in the second quarter ending 15 June (Q2) from 18% in 2011 for the same period. Country-wide sector growth was pegged at 15%, “slightly behind” the annual growth rate of 16%, the report said.

Jason Yu, general manager at Kantar Worldpanel, said that consumer willingness to spend has been weakened in light of an economic slowdown but things should change for Q3 in light of government activity to stimulate the economy and the expected recovery of gross domestic profit (GDP).

Kevin Der Arslanian, business analyst at China Market Research (CMR), said it comes as little surprise that FMCG sales value growth has been slower in Tier I cities, like those cited in the study, as they are “more mature markets when it comes to super/ hypermarket penetration.” To ensure future growth, Arslanian said that manufacturers must gain access to the fastest growing market within China: Tier III and Tier IV cities. “Tier II cities, and particularly Tier III and Tier IV cities, have a lot of room for growth, driven by the shift in retail formats,” he said.

Arslanian said manufacturers must also consider moving online, as it gives them access to a far vaster market but warned that setting up “an effective logistics system to support the e-commerce platform is incredibly expensive, and not something that manufacturers should consider doing alone”.

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The Cracker | July 2013

Yu agreed that manufacturers must realize the benefits of working online but form a suitable trade strategy to balance main channels and emerging channels. Arslanian suggested that if direct e-commerce was not an option, online marketing campaigns through videos, micro-sites and advertisements should be used to build brand awareness and thus drive online sales.

The Kantar report showed that more than 1 in 5 Chinese families now shop online for FMCG products. “The growth of e-commerce shows no signs of slowing with 58% growth in the last quarter. The huge growth in e-commerce is seen across all city tiers as shoppers utilize the benefits that this channel offers such as cheaper prices, the convenience of delivery and access to brands that might not be available in their local stores,” it said.

Yu said that manufacturers must also consciously cater to new consumer demands with new product development (NPD) as well as new categories and formats to fit industry trends. Products must be relevant to Chinese consumer needs, he said, for example the herbal concept is strong, along with premium image or value for money. Arslanian added that quality and safety are also key focuses that manufacturers need to commit to.

World nut & dried fruit news feature story feature story

FAST FOOD IN CHINA’S OUTER TOWNS TO GROW

The CIA’s of Flavor International Conference & The Worlds CIA’s Worlds of Flavor International Conference & Lettuce-Wrapped Spicy Spicy Lettuce-Wrapped Festival® is in its in year the U.S. (www.worldsofflavor.

According to a new report market research Mintel, China’s fast food and takeaway market is expected Festival® is 14th in itsyear 14th inbythe U.S. (www.worldsofflavor.

AlmondAlmond Chicken, Chicken, com) and is widely acknowledged as America’s most influential andUS$ is widely as America’s most it influential to com) reach 294acknowledged by 2017. The increase, says,Photo will Credit: be largely by rising economic power in CIA bolstered Photo Credit: CIA professional forumcities. on world cuisines, food cultures andgrowth flavor professional forum on world cuisines, food cultures and flavor lower-tier This rise compounds in recent years; the value of fast food market in China trends.

Each year this conference includes more chefs, trends.

Each year this conference includes more70than 70 chefs, with 80% growth in outlet numbers since the start of doubled between 2007 to 2012 to than reach US$163bn culinaryculinary experts,experts, and other presenters from allfrom overall theover world and and other presenters the world andexpected to continue to see explosive growth in China, that period. However, while fast food outlets are welcomes more than attendees including chefs, journalists welcomes more700 than 700 attendees including chefs, journalists are actually slowing down. andthings food restaurant and foodservice management and critics, food critics, restaurant and foodservice management executives, corporate menu decision-makers and a wide executives, corporate menu decision-makers and arange wide range David Zhang, China research analyst at Mintel, of suppliers, from leaders in agriculture and manufacturing to of suppliers, from leaders in agriculture and manufacturing to said:government “Much of theagencies growth datetop hasconsumer continues government agencies and toptoand consumer brands.brands. to benefit from a perceived ‘novelty factor’ Theenjoyed CIA’s Worlds of segment Flavor ASIA® International Theby CIA’s of expands Flavor International fast food Worlds as the intoASIA® Conference & Festival will be dedicated to the cuisines, Conference & Festival will be dedicated to the cuisines, smaller cities in China. flavors flavors and food of Asia ofand their to inspire andcultures food cultures Asia andpotential their potential to inspire “Consumers Tieraround 1 citiesaround andworld. a few Tiers chefs and consumers the The program is being chefs andinconsumers the in world.

The program is being 2, where hasthe nowpremier been available for professional designed tofast be food the premier all-Asia professional culinary designed to be all-Asia culinary quiteconference. someInitial time are becoming attuned conference. attendance ismore expected to be 800 to 800 1,000to 1,000 Initial attendance is expected to be to the health issues often associated with culinary and hospitality professionals drawn from all over culinary and hospitality professionals drawn from allAsia over Asia andfast theand Pacific—including India, Japan, food andPacific—including are activelyChina, choosing healthier the China, India, Korea, Japan, Southeast Korea, Southeast Asia,options and Australia—with outreach to the United when out.”a significant Asia, and dining Australia—with a significant outreach to the United States, Europe and Latin America as well.asThis program is slatedis slated States, Europe and Latin America well.

This program Zhang added that greater transparency will be to kick to offkick in early off in2014. early 2014. the key to maintaining market share as Chinese Worlds of Healthy FlavorsFlavors and of Flavor, along with Worlds of Healthy and Worlds of Flavor, along with consumers begin demanding moreWorlds information additional CIA leadership initiatives, are a part of the strategic additional CIA leadership initiatives, are a part of the strategic about ingredient sourcing and food preparation. initiatives & industry leadership divisiondivision of the college headed headed initiatives & industry leadership of the college “Widespread foodDrescher, scandals havepresident meant up by Greg vice president of thegreater division.

Mr. Drescher up byDrescher, Greg vice of the division.

Mr. Drescher scrutiny on all aspects of the food industry, and leadership, is responsible for theforcollege's thoughtthought leadership, strategicstrategic is responsible the college's fast partnerships food outlets areand notinitiatives, immune toindustry this, fueling partnerships and initiatives, industry conferences, and newand media conferences, new media recent trends for organic and ‘green’ food and is the of theseofprograms and other "think andcreator is the creator these programs andCIA other CIA tank" "think tank" initiatives.

He assumed his health current title in title 2011inafter as initiatives.

He assumed his iscurrent 2011serving after serving as It already seems that a growing executive director of strategic initiatives for the CIA. Mr. Drescher executive director of strategictoo, initiatives CIA.foreign Mr. Drescher concern for fast food customers but stillfor the“For fast food brands to compete with Though the market faces significant challenges, joined in (40%) 1995,inperceive and served nearly 10 years10Chinese’s asyears the first joined the CIA 1995, and nearly asindependent the first operations, they will need less the thanCIAhalf it asserved not being the fast food industry can still expect robust director of them”. education for the for campuscampus in toSt.diversity Helena, of This education the tocollege's in St. their Helena, “baddirector for suggests acollege's need expand product offering to include growth in the near future, especially if fast food CA, ofwhere oversaw the development the CIA at Greystone’s CA, he where he oversaw the development of the CIA Chinese-Style at Greystone’sfood offerings. healthy product lines and offer offurther more outlets are able to market their product offerings programprogram of continuing education and advanced studies.studies. of continuing education and advanced for different meal occasions, said the report. information about the food industry.

“In order to compete, foreign brands will need to All leadership initiatives led by the college,college, are supported by partnerships andToday, sponsorships.

Program sponsors have All leadership initiatives led CIA, by thea not-for-profit CIA, a not-for-profit are supported by partnerships and Program sponsors mostsponsorships. of China’s fast food customers eat fasthave be innovative to appeal to Chinese consumers, Significant fragmentation in the market is also opportunities to help to make impact on the future our industry and receive invaluable exposure of their products andbut brands to industry opportunities helpanmake an impact on the of future of our industry and receive invaluable exposure oflunch their(71%); products and brands to industry food for breakfast, weekends, either by further modifying their product ranges a challenge industry players.

Yum! Brand, decision makersfor and opinion leaders.

Parties interested in becoming program sponsors may contact Cathy Jörin, Director offuture Special Projectswith decision makers and opinion leaders.

Parties interested in becoming program sponsors may contact Cathy Jörin, of Special Projects and dinner offer solidDirector potential, to include moreorChinese flavors or by including Inc., operators of KFC and Pizza Hut, is the and Planning, Strategic Initiatives, CIA, at CIA, cathyjorin1@aol.com 707.537.7742. and Planning, Strategic Initiatives, at cathyjorin1@aol.com or 707.537.7742.

54%, 52%, and 50% of respondent’s respectively new products specifically to appeal to a Chinese largest fast food groups in the country, with having eatenwww.ciachef.edu, these at fastwww.ciachef.edu/ food venues.

For 5,275 more information about the andCIA ourand new Singapore campus, please please visit these www.ciachef.edu, For morenationwide information about the our new Singapore campus, visitwebsites: these websites: www.ciachef.edu/ audience,” Zhang continued. outlets in 2012 inCIA China. singapore/index.html/ and www.ciaprochef.com. singapore/index.html/ and www.ciaprochef.com.

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July2012 2013 The | The Cracker March Cracker 21 11 March |2012 | The Cracker

21

World nut & dried fruit news

BRAZIL NUTS ARE COMING FROM BOLIVIA — VIVIR BIEN CALLS THEM AMAZONIAN NUTS Amazonian nuts, gathered by 25.000 people living in rural villages in the northern Bolivian Amazon region, has a strong socioeconomic impact on the livelihood of these communities. They preserve and protect the rainforest following the philosophy of life named "Vivir Bien" (Living well in English).

Andreas Schindler, from Hamburg, who works in international food trade and Rolando Haches, from Bolivia, who is an expert on the Amazonian nut, created the “Vivir Bien” project to focus on social and environmental impacts.

Close partnership with the rainforest communities; detailed knowledge of the processes and creating strong trustful relation with the Bolivian Government institutions built this bridge between collection, packaging, distribution and consumption. The goal of the “Vivir Bien” project is to improve the living conditions of the people and save the rainforest in the Bolivian Amazon region.

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The Cracker | July 2013

World nut & dried fruit news

Drs. Oz and Roizen:

THE SANEST FOOD CHOICES EVER — NUTS!

According to Dr. Mehmet Oz, host of "The Dr. Oz Show" and Dr. Mike Roizen, chief medical officer at the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute, novelist Franz Kafka explained the relationship between tree nuts and good health better than anyone: "God gives the nuts, but he does not crack them." That part is up to you, and boy, is it worth the effort!

“Eating nuts regularly can help cool bodywide inflammation, reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (a heart-risky precursor to type 2 diabetes), lower blood

pressure, reduce heart attack risk by 30 percent to 50 percent, shrink your waist (more than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women means you're obese), aid digestion and protect your brain. Eating 2 to 4 ounces of nuts a day may lower total cholesterol by up to 21 percent and LDL by up to 29 percent.

So here's our scoop on nuts. And remember, substitute nuts for unhealthy carbs and fats in your diet: Don't add them to what you already eat.”

THE SORTEX E1C TRANSFORMS PECAN SORTING AT NAVARRO The Navarro Pecan Company of Corsicana, Texas, handles some 50m lbs of in-shell pecans annually.

It recently sought Bühler’s optical sorting expertise.

After extensive testing, Navarro bought a SORTEX E1C, which delivers exceptional performance over many applications that can be switched with minimal operator intervention by simply adjusting the sorter’s operational ‘mode’.

The SORTEX E1C renders pecans contaminant free then colour grades them into Amber, Choice and Fancy. Navarro has found that the process is completed in fewer than four passes whereas other equipment could require up to 12 passes. It finds the SORTEX E1C easy to clean, maximises hygiene, capacity and productivity, and is backed by impeccable Bühler service support.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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World nut & dried fruit news

2nd INTERNATIONAL FOOD R&D BROKERAGE EVENT Izmir, Turkey, June 3-4, 2013

The “II.International Food R&D Brokerage Event” was organized by the Aegean Exporters’ Associations under the auspices of the Turkish Exporters Assembly on June 3-4, 2013, in Swissotel Grand Ephesus in Izmir, Turkey.

In summary the main objectives of the event were to gather researchers, academicians and professionals, and to create a meeting forum for exporters, research institutes, universities, organizations and companies that are actively engaged with the field of foods. The event was attended by about 1,500 visitors and covered dried fruits and nuts, organic products, fresh fruits and vegetables, aquaculture products, confectionery, cereals, food manufacturing and processing, food security, biotechnology, etc.

About 150 universities, research institutions, and companies all around the world (USA, Italy, Spain, Greece, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Turkey, etc.) submitted 410 projects (374 from Turkey, 36 from European and U.S. universities). 176 projects were displayed during the event and 6 of them were awarded. Participants were informed about projects’ details by the project owners.

By signing a scientific partnership protocol with the Wageningen University of the Netherlands, the II.International Food R&D Brokerage Event mediates in bringing innovative ideas together with industry and export segments in the food sector. The event was also supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK).

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The Cracker | July 2013

World nut & dried fruit news

PRIZES:

MENTIONS:

• Winner: Levent Yurdaer Aydemir and Ahmet Yemeniciglu, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey. Project name: “The Evaluation of Hazelnut Meal in Production of Value Added Protein Isolates Suitable for Food, Drug and Cosmetic Industry”.

• Umran Atay, Ufuk Rastgeldı, Yusuf Isıker, Bulent Yesılata and Alı Bascetıncelık, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, Turkey. Project name: “Mobile Solar Cell Irrigation Machine”.

• Second Runner Up: Serkan Yaman and Rabıa Cakır Koc, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey. Project name: “The Fabrication of Fast, Sensitive and Point of Care Detection Kits for Detecting Source (species) of Meat and Meat Products”.

• Jean Jensen and Kevın M. Keener, Purdue University, USA. Project name: “Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatment of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables for Improved Food Safety”.

• Third Runner Up: Arzum Erdem Gursan, Gulsah Congur, Hılal Senay, Ceren Turkcan, Ece Canavar And Sınan Akgol, Ege University, Turkey. Project name: “Development of an Electrochemical Sensor

by Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrodes for Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals”.

• Serkan Vezıroglu, Cevdet Gumus and Petek Ellıaltıoglu, Ankara University, Turkey. Project name: “Commercial Production of Salep Plants” (Salep: A hot beverage made of orchid-like plants).

After the official opening by Eli Alharal, Chairman of the “II.International Food R&D Brokerage Event”, Bilal Kaafarani, Chief Innovation Officer and Group President of Yildiz Holding made a presentation about “Definition, Types and Creating a Culture of Innovation”.

Dr. Aalt Dıjhuızen, President and Chairman of Wagening University of the Netherlands, made a presentation about food and agriculture businesses between the Netherlands and Turkey, and university-industry collaboration.

Martin Scholten from Wageningen University, Netherlands, and Jiftah Ben-Asher from Ben Gurion University, Israel, informed about “Global Perspective on Climate Change” under the panel chairmanship of Prof. Uygun Aksoy, Ege University, Turkey.

Prof. Jozef Kokini from Illionis University, USA made a presentation about “Academic Organizational Models Facilitating Interactions between Academia, Industry and Government to Accelerate the Pace of Innovation”. Two workshop activities were carried out on June 4th, under tha title “Geographical Indications and Local Products” and “R&D and Innovation on Animal Products”.

Avda. Prat de la Riba 47, 6º • 43201 REUS (Spain) Tel. +34 977 326 202 / +34 977 310 364 • Fax +34 977 326 291 • llop@llop.net • www.llop.net

an_RamonLlop.indd 1

06/05/13 12:02

July 2013 | The Cracker

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World nut & dried fruit news

STUDY:

LATE–NIGHT SNACKING An evolutionary trait that helped predecessors store energy in times of food scarcity may now be the driving factor behind obesity, say researchers studying the reason behind late-night snack cravings. An internal circadian rhythm that causes increased appetite and cravings for sweet, starchy and salty foods in the evening was historically a good thing - it helped our ancestors store more energy and have an increased chance of surviving when food became scarce.

But in our current environment - with an abundance of high-calories foods - researchers believe that the same trait of the circadian system is now responsible for increased incidence of obesity and 'significant weight gain'. "Our study suggests that because of the internal circadian regulation of appetite, we have a natural tendency

INC AMBASSADORS • Michael Waring - Chairman, Australia • Oscar E. Vergara, Argentina • Christopher Joyce, Australia • Frank Vaerewijck, Belgium • José Eduardo Camargo, Brazil • Francisco Assis, Brazil • Ranjeet Wallia , Canada • Siegfried Von Gehr, Chile • Chen Ying, China • Alexis Summar, France • Richard Monnier, France • Thomas Apfel, Germany • Cheng Hung Kay, Hong Kong • Pratap Nair, India • Pankaj Sampat, India • Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iran

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The Cracker | July 2013

• Vitali Levy , Israel • Alessandro Annibali, Italy • Kazuo Julian Tagawa, Japan • Mbugua Ngugi , Kenya • Hani Akzam, Lebanon • Parissa Rafii, Luxembourg • Fiodor Slanina, Moldova • Khalid Bennani, Morocco • Kees Van De Sandt, Netherlands • Kees Blokland, Netherlands • Christopher Harlem, Norway • Oliver Sio, Philippines • Jorge Carqueja, Portugal • Kourosh Mojibian, Russia • Rustam Kushu, Russia • Amit Khirbat, Singapore

• Carl Henning, South Africa • Alex Whyte, South Africa • Miquel Borràs, Spain • Stefan Boden, Sweden • Varee Phonphaison, Thailand • Ahmed Boujbel, Tunisia • Sezmen Alper, Turkey • Muzaffer Taviloglu, Turkey • Hasan Sabir , Turkey • Jafar Moallem, Uae • Roby Danon, Uk • Marc Rosenblatt , Usa • Jeffrey Sanfilippo, Usa • Jim Warner, Usa

World nut & dried fruit news

to skip breakfast in favor of larger meals in the evening,” said Dr Steven Shea, director of the Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology at Oregon Health & Science University and senior author on the study.

"Of course, there are many factors that affect weight gain, principally diet and exercise, but the time of eating also has an effect," he commented. "It seems likely that the internal circadian system helps with efficient food storage,” suggested Shea. “While this may have been valuable throughout evolution, nowadays it is likely to contribute to the national epidemic of obesity".

Published in Obesity, the new study suggests that eating a lot in the evening can be counterproductive because the human body handles nutrients differently depending on the time of day.

The research investigated the appetite and food preference of 12 healthy non-obese adults in a 13-day laboratory stay in very dim light in which all behaviors were scheduled, including timing of meals and sleep.

“By the end of this long protocol, all of the participants' meals and activities were spaced evenly across the day and night, allowing examination of the true internal circadian effects on appetite, while controlling for other effects on appetite including the amount of food recently consumed," explained Dr Frank

Scheer, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA – first author of the study.

Shea and his colleagues found that the internal circadian system regulated hunger, with participants feeling the least hungry in the morning (8 a.m.) and most hungry in the evening (8 p.m.).

Similar rhythms were found in appetite for types of food, such as sweet, starchy and salty, and the estimate of how much food participants could eat. The team concluded that the internal circadian system causes an evening peak in appetite that may promote larger, higher-calorie meals before the fasting period necessitated by sleep.

Shea added that this high calorie intake in the evening predisposes people to store more energy – while artificial light enables people to stay up later than they probably should and often people don't get enough sleep. "We found with this study that the internal circadian system also likely plays a role in today's obesity epidemic because it intensifies hunger at night," said Shea. "If you stay up later, during a time when you're hungrier for high-calorie foods, you're more likely to eat during that time," he suggested. "You then store energy and get less sleep, both of which contribute to weight gain. People who eat a lot in the evening, especially high-calorie foods and beverages, are more likely to be overweight or obese."

almonds brazil nuts cashews dehydrated fruit dried fruit hazelnuts macadamia nuts peanuts pecans pine kernels pistachios pumpkin seeds sunflower seeds walnuts

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July 2013 | The Cracker

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The Cracker | July 2013

Barcelona-Reus, 21-23 May 2013

30th Anniversary World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress, Barcelona 2013 can be summed up in a handful of phrases: fruitful business networking, exchange of opinions, strengthen commercial relations, increasing number of exhibitors and visitors from all over the world, a rich conference programme, unique opportunity for discussion, innovative products and services, Grand Opening Celebration of the New INC Home, etc.

Record Attendance • 1,100 people from 58 countries • Attendance up 18%

Top 15 Attendance Countries: 1. USA 2. Spain 3. Turkey 4. UK 5. Netherlands 6. Germany 7. Australia 8. China 9. Italy 10. France 11. India 12. Belgium 13. Japan 14. Hong Kong 15. Switzerland

We thank all sponsors, donors, speakers and participants for making the 30th Anniversary World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress Barcelona 2013 the biggest event ever!

SPONSORS

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Pino Calcagni welcomes participants to the Scientific Seminar.

Congress Welcome by Giles Hacking, INC Chairman.

Congress officially opens. From left to right: Amit Khirbat, 2012 Singapore Congress ViceChairman, Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director, Antonio Pont Jr, Congress Chairman, and Giles Hacking, INC Chairman.

Peanuts Round Table.

Nutrition Update by Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvad贸.

Dried Fruit Seminar.

Inter-Boards Summit for Cooperation Meeting.

Welcome Cocktail sponsored by Besana Group.

Hazelnuts Round Table.

Almonds Round Table.

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The Cracker | July 2013

Gerard Klijn receives a plaque of recognition on behalf of his father Jan W. Klijn.

Press Conference.

Pistachios Round Table.

Keynote Speaker LuĂ­s Bassat, Founder and Honorary Chairman of Bassat Ogilvy Group, Spain.

Pine Nuts, Brazil Nuts and Macadamias Round Table.

Buffet Lunch sponsored by Sun-Maid Growers of California.

Cashews Satellite Meeting sponsored by CEPCI.

Month July 2013 Year | The Cracker

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Casual Buffet Dinner sponsored by Paramount Farms.

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The Cracker | July Month 2013 Year

Diploma of Appreciation for the Participation in 30 INC Congresses.

INC General Assembly.

Cashews Round Table.

Walnuts Round Table.

Pecans Round Table.

Keynote Speaker Josep PiquĂŠ, Former Spanish Minister of Industry, Foreign Affairs, Science and Technology.

Buffet Lunch sponsored by Rajkumar.

INC Board of Directors and Observers.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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Gala Cocktail.

INC Ambassadors.

Gala Dinner and Ball sponsored by INCUS and Campos Brothers Farms.

Chef Ferran Adrià with INC Delegates.

Chef Ferran Adrià with INC Delegates.

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The Cracker | July 2013

Chef Ferran Adrià with INC Delegates.

INC Executive Commitee and Staff.

Chef Ferran Adrià with INC Delegates.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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Report of the INC Advisory Committee Jack Mariani INC Advisory Committee

Speech by Mr. Jack Mariani as Spokesman of the INC Advisory Committee at the INC General Assembly of Members in Barcelona, May 23rd, 2013.

Our Barcelona Congress is indeed a special time to celebrate. We have gone from the 1980’s and early 90’s as a Foundation trying to create itself with a goal to promote global consumption, to be the source of information for tree nuts and later dried fruits, and promote health research. The early years were certainly a struggle.

A low but growing membership and inconsistent Congress attendance made planning for promotional activities unpredictable. Now in Barcelona we find ourselves with record attendance, membership approaching 650 from 70 countries which represent all of our 17 tree nut and dried fruit products. In looking back we saw changes beginning in the mid 1990’s when the INC along with several of the tree nut commodity groups began health research projects that initiated the incorrect consumer perception of being a food loaded with unhealthy fats to an image as we know today of a food group to be included in healthy daily diets. Showing the change over this period of time is INC’s publication of the Global Statistical Review which shows the tremendous growth we have seen in the Tree Nut and Dried Fruit sector. In 2003 the total commercial value of our commodities was $ 13 billion. In 2012 , over 2.5 times greater at $ 33 billion.

Your Board of Directors continues to look to bring value to its membership. Our annual surveys show attending the annual Congress continues to be the most important value to our members as a way to visit with customers and develop new contacts. It is also mentioned that despite the cost of attendance, value is seen in avoiding time and travel as most business can now be done at the Congress site. Also, the fact that all INC incomes go for the promotion of our members products. Recent surveys also show membership appreciation of our comprehensive web site, research studies and industry information and activities. The Board continues to support health research activities and in order to more professionally decide on the most worthy projects, the Board established the INC World Forum for Health Research comprised of well know Doctors and Researchers. The group meets to consider various research proposals and also give guidance as to what areas of research will provide greatest value going forward.

Another area where INC has provided industry support is by acting as a third party facilitator to both the Cashew and Macadamia in-

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The Cracker | July Month 2013 Year

dustries. Both nuts are grown in multiple countries in far reaching areas and historically it has been difficult for them to share information that would be beneficial to all interests. If fact without this ability, often times a competitive atmosphere prevailed. With INC acting as a facilitator they now have begun the sharing of production and consumption statistics, crop development, growth prospects, and health research proposals. This beneficial cooperation likely would have been impossible without the leadership of INC. The real celebration this week is the grand opening of the new INC offices in Reus. Most will recall that we have been fortunate since our beginning to have been provided free office space by the Chamber of Commerce in Reus. As we have grown it became obvious the need for an enlarged office area. The Spanish Government approached us several years ago with the opportunity to take over a 19th century building in a soon to be developed Technology Park near the Reus airport. In return for the extensive repairs the building required we were offered a 50 year rent free contract. We approached our membership with the idea of supporting the construction with sponsorships with the hope of deferring some of the extensive cost estimated to be $ 1,000,000. To our surprise over 70 members stepped forward with contributions that more than covered the construction expenses and now we have modern, debt free offices and all of our membership income in future years can continue to be used for promotion of all of our products.

1983-2013 - many reasons for celebration 2013-2063 - what will the future of INC bring?

Sincerely Yours, Jack Mariani Past President

Scientific Seminar Chaired by Pino Calcagni, INC Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Scientific and Government Affairs Committee, the Scientific Seminar provided participants with key topics of interest such as climate change, food safety, agricultural quality standards and other scientific-technical issues.

The program started with an overview of the INC projects in the field of scientific and government affairs, and an update of the Climate Change project with emphasis on the georrefenciated maps of cultivation areas, which gave a general impression about areas most susceptible to climate change.

Food safety issues were broadly covered with the latest INC activities and data. Pino Calcagni pointed the key role of the INC as the official voice of the industry monitoring food safety alerts, analyzing trends, causes and origins, and work with specialized agencies of the United Nations. Finally, Calcagni announced future projects regarding allergy issues, and a new study in the field to harvest time, an important area of collaboration with ISHS. Gracia Brisco, Food Standards Officer of the Codex Alimentarius Secretariat presented the lecture “Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme”. Brisco reviewed the mandate of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the work with the World Trade Organization on sanitary and phytosanitary measures and trade barriers, and the Codex Committee on Processed Fruits and Vegetables.

UNECE Dry and Dried Produce Standards were presented by Dorian LaFond, Chair of the Specialized Section on the Standardization of Dry and Dried Produce of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. LaFond reviewed the current development of agricultural quality standards, and presented some of the challenges for dry and dried produce, such as moisture content, sizes, uniformity, and packaging.

António Monteiro, President of the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) gave a presentation about the activities of the association, and its collaboration with the INC. ISHS is a society of individuals, organizations and governmental agencies engaged in the promotion of research and education in all branches of horticultural science. Newly, ISHS proposed future collaborations in the fields of plant protection vs. climate change, and innovative varieties and hybrids.

Dr. Angelo Visconti, ISPA CNR and Leader of the MycoRed Project Work Package 8 reviewed the status of the project, which is aimed at depeloping novel solution driven methodologies to reduce preand post-harvest mycotoxin contamination in selected feed and food chains, including nuts and dried fruits

Nutrition Update Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Chairman of the INC World Forum of Nutrition Research and Dissemination reviewed the activities of the Forum over the last year, with emphasis on the Call for Expressions of Interest. Prof. Salas-Salvadó highlighted the participation of the Forum in scientific symposia worldwide.

Finally, the landmark study PREDIMED was broadly explained with key data and results. This is the first ever long-term large-scale nutritional intervention study on cardiovascular diseases (more than 7,400 participants, and almost 5 years). The study has shown that the incidence of major cardiovascular events and mortality would be lower for someone who eats a Mediterranean diet

supplemented with a handful of nuts a day compared to someone consuming a low-fat diet.

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INC Awards Recognize Trajectory, Excellence and Innovation Three individuals and a member company were awarded in Barcelona -a tribute to their positive impact on the nuts and dried fruit business. Congratulations to all winners!

Jeffrey Sanfilippo and his mother received the Golden Nut Award on behalf of Jasper Sanfilippo.

The Individual Golden Nut Award was delivered to Jasper Sanfilippo for its successful trajectory in the nuts industry. John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc. (JBSS) was founded in 1922 as a pecan shelling operation in Chicago, IL. Jasper Sanfilippo was employed with JBSS since 1953 and led the business from 1963 until his retirement in 2008. During his career, Jasper served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Board Chairman. Under his leadership, JBSS grew from a small pecan shelling operation with sales of US$300,000 to a multi-facility manufacturer and processor of tree nuts and peanuts with sales exceeding US$700 million. The company’s brands include Fisher and Orchard Valley Harvest.

The Award for Excellence in Research was delivered to Prof. David Jenkins, Canada Research Chair and Professor at the University of Toronto, and Director of the Risk Factor Modification Centre at St. Michael’s Hospital. Prof. Jenkins is the “father” of the concept of Glycemic Index, and has devoted his professional life to establishing the potential of diet to prevent and treat chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. In 2011, he showed that eating nuts every day can help control Type 2 diabetes and prevent its complications.

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The Cracker | July 2013

The Award for Excellence in Gastronomy was given to Ferran Adrià, Spanish chef at the 3 Michelin Star former restaurant El Bulli. Considered one of the best chefs in the world, after having received the San Pellegrino award five times, which honoured El Bulli as the best restaurant in the world in 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Restaurant Magazine, following the vote of over 500 experts from around the world, named Ferran Adrià as the best chef of the decade. El Bulli is now being turned into a research foundation. Adrià is recognised for its innovative and pioneer use of tree nuts in many dishes. He emphasized the enrichment that tree nuts offer to all sorts of dishes and recipes.

For the third consecutive year, INC celebrated the creative spirit of the nuts and dried fruit business through the Innovation Award.

ToxiMet Limited was awarded for its revolutionary new system for the measurement of mycotoxins in food,: ToxiQuant. Launched in 2012, ToxiQuant system can be used by non-scientists and provides the accuracy of high-end instruments, such as HPLC but at a fraction of the cost and time. Food producers, traders and processors can now comply with the highest food safety standards, while rotating their stock much faster and reducing their testing and storage costs.

NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

NEW INC HOME

IS OFFICIALLY OPENED

New INC Home Donors Recognition Ceremony.

“The new headquarters will provide our associates with great opportunities to come together as one team.”

The Grand Opening of the New INC Home welcomed more than 650 guests including members, government officials and donors in Reus, on May 19th. Before the ribbon-cutting ceremony, the Congress Palace of Reus hosted a tribute to the 72 donors who have made the new headquarters possible. Participants had the opportunity to learn about the construction works through a brochure and a time-lapse video.

INC Founders. From left to right: Antonio Pont, Pino Calcagni, Chris Hacking, and Hubert Berrebi.

INC Representatives and Officials during the Opening Ceremony, Congress Palace of Reus. From left to right: Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director; Giles Hacking, INC Chairman; Carles Pellicer, Mayor of Reus; Josep Maria Pelegrí, Catalan Minister of Agriculture; Antonio Pont, INC Honorary President, and Antonio Pont Jr., Barcelona Congress Chairman.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

The ribbon cutting ceremony took place at the plaza in front of the new headquarters, after which guests had the opportunity to visit the facilities and the Donor’s Wall.

After the ceremony, attendees followed the “Giants and Musicians” of Reus for the festive procession to reach the new INC headquarters.

Special thanks go to the Donors “INC’s new Global Headquarters represent our commitment to excellence and development, as well as collaboration. Our new home was made possible through the generous support of 72 partners, between public and private sectors, and serves as a model for other sectors to follow.” INC Chairman Giles Hacking. “The new headquarters will provide our associates with great opportunities to

come together as one team. There is a genuine excitement about our new home, and more importantly, greater excitement about our future” he added.

The celebration finished with a cocktail dinner and traditional fire entertainment offered by Els Diables de Reus (Devils of Reus).

Check out all the Donors Gift Ceremony pictures here!

Cocktail Dinner sponsored by Wells Fargo.

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The Cracker | July 2013

NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

INC NUTS

AND DRIED FRUIT PAVILION

FOLLOWING THE SUCCESS OF THE INAUGURAL INC NUTS & DRIED FRUIT PAVILION IN SIAL PARIS LAST YEAR, INC IS PUTTING FORTH A BIGGER AND MORE EXCITING PAVILION IN ANUGA KOLN 2013.

The 216-square-meters pavilion will host 14 INC member companies from the broad ecosystem of the nuts and dried fruit industry, with the aim to become one of the most appealing sites in the Fine Foods Hall.

The INC Nuts & Dried Fruit Pavilion is set to become a popular destination and must-visit plaza for international buyers and distributors:

• 15,600 visitors at SIAL Paris • 3,120 average visits per day • 90% of nuts and dried fruit related professionals who attended SIAL Paris The Pavilion will enjoy a high visibility in Fine Foods Hall 10.2, and hundreds of food professionals are expected. It will bring together suppliers and top-decision makers in the only pavilion exclusively dedicated to the nut and dried fruit businesses.

(c) Koelnmesse

Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director: “The INC Pavilion is growing rapidly, and there is a high demand for booths. 9 of 12 SIAL exhibitors rebooked their space during the fair, which proves a high satisfaction rating”.

Join us in ANUGA Koln 2013 for our next great event

Mark your calendar! Visit us 5-9 October 2013 at Fine Foods Hall 10.2 for the most targeted networking.

SIAL PARIS 2014 Expressions of Interest, Only for INC Members!

INC launches a booth package with exclusive services and amenities to make your SIAL Paris participation a successful venture, so you can focus on generating new business and sales.

In this regard, INC welcomes Expressions of Interests from members to participate in the INC Pavilion at SIAL PARIS 2014 on October 10-23.

Please submitt your Expressions of Interest to: marketing@nutfruit.org July 2013 | The Cracker

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NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

UNECE ExPO & STANDARDS MEETINg INC collaborated with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in the organization of the exhibition on “Dry and Dried Produce Standards in International Trade”, in the Palace of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, from 17th to 20th June 2013.

The exhibition showcased an assortment of nuts and dried fruits, so that visitors learnt about the different classes and origins. INC provided U.N. with informative materials, leaflets, posters, bookmarks, recipes, and other promotional materials, and assisted through its members in getting samples of nuts and dried fruits.

Snack and Learn In addition, Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Chairman of the INC World Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination gave a presentation about nuts and health at the “Snack and Learn” conference, on Tuesday, June 18th. INC also sponsored the Welcoming Reception that took place on June 18th.

Agricultural Quality Standards The show was a side-event of the 60th Session of the UNECE Specialized Section on Dry and Dried Produce, where Member States reviewed the proposed new draft Agricultural Quality Standards for dried cranberries and dried pineapples, and the recommendations for dried apricots, dried figs, inshell walnuts, cashew kernels, pine nut kernels, dried mangoes, inshell Brazil nuts, and Brazil nut kernels.

INC was coordinator, along with the U.S. and German Delegations, of the development of Sampling Plans for physical analysis of tree nuts and dried produce.

Meeting documents are available at www.unece.org

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The Cracker | July 2013

NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

INC ExECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETS WITH

HENRY KISSINgER

One of the wonders of international gatherings is that sometimes you get to meet outstanding people. Such was the case of the INC Executive Committee meeting held in New York City, where Mr. Cuneyd Zapsu was succesful in organizing a lunch with Dr. Henry Kissinger.

From left to right: Cuneyd Zapsu, Mark Mariani, Goretti Guasch, Gulsen Karanis. Down: Berton Steir, Henry Kissinger, Pino Calcagni, and Antonio Pont.

It was a great pleasure and an honor to meet one of the most charismatic personalities of the 20th century. Nobel Peace Prize, he served as Secretary of State in the U.S. administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and oversaw the opening of relations with the People’s Republic of China. At 89, he is a priviledge mind with clearcut ideas on world politics.

He came back from China two weeks ago, and was planning to return a week later. He agreed that the current world situation is extremely complicated. Among other reflections, he commented that back thirthy years ago the world was a very different place, it was afraid of a nuclear war but nowadays it has other worries.

Dr. Kissinger gave a riveting talk on international politics and social movements, the rural exodus in China, disunity in Europe, Middle East’s conflicts and the great potential of countries like China and Turkey. He welcomed the appointment of Pope Francisco, and also talked about the distance between the two parties in the United States, which “makes foreign politics difficult in a country that will soon be petroleum self-sufficient”.

Besides politics, he was pleasantly surprised to learn about the nut and dried fruit sector, and its great importance.

July 2013 | The Cracker

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NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

ISM-MYCORED

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: gLObAL MYCOTOxIN REDUCTION STRATEgIES

INC attended the Final MycoRed Conference that was held in Martina Franca, Italy, from 27 to 31 May 2013. The INC was invited as participant of the EU-7FP-funded MycoRed project to give the presentation “Nuts, Dried Fruit and Mycotoxins, a Voice from the Industry,� in the opening session on Tuesday, May 28th. Ricard Rico, MycoRed Project Assistant presented a brief introduction to the INC; a report about EU RASFF food safety alerts due to mycotoxins over the last 6 years; global production and supply value of nuts and dried fruits over the last decade, and the latest results of the Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Mycotoxins in Nuts and Dried Fruits.

The organizers concluded that the Mycored project has achieved its aims and did a very good work, with lots of publications, new findings, wide dissemination, training, etc. On the other hand, new Mycotoxins are emerging every year, more mycotoxigenic strains of the moulds are being discovered, and the prevalence of Mycotoxins in food is increasing due to climate change, which indicates that Mycotoxins are a rising concern.

gLObAL CASHEW COUNCIL Nutritional Composition The Global Cashew Council agreed in Singapore, May 2012 to carry out analysis of the nutritional composition of cashews from the main producing countries, namely India, Vietnam, Brazil, West and East Africa. The following months, INC collected and analised samples of fresh natural dried raw cashew kernels, peeled, not processed, medium size.

Following the recommendations by the INC World Forum for Nutritional Research and Dissemination, this first analysis focused on the fatty acid profile of cashew nuts. With the results of the analysis, the Global Cashew Council is in the position of publishing the outcomes in an academic journal.

To further examine the healthy components of cashew nuts and complete their nutritional profile, the Council plans to extend the analysis with vitamins, aminoacids, minerals and phytosterols.

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The Cracker | July 2013

Bookmarks Within the activities to disseminate and publicize health messages related to cashews around the world, the Global Cashew Council has edited a bookmark with highlights on health benefits, nutrient profile, and a map of producing countries. The bookmarks have been distributed to the members of the Council in the five continents.

NEWS FROM THE INC SECRETARIAT

INC AT IFT INSTITuTE OF FOOd TECHNOlOgISTS The INC exhibited at the U.S. Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting and Food Expo in Chicago, USA, from the 13th to the 16th of July 2013. Thousands of food suppliers, marketers, and scientists around the globe annually join the IFT, attracted by the promise of encountering the driving forces behind innovations and information affecting consumers, growers, processors, regulators and researchers.

Experts from companies, government agencies, and research institutions provided insight through more than one thousand presentations on new health benefits, food safety, product innovations, and latest consumer favorites, fears, and trends.

INC’s booth was located in the Healthy Food Ingredients pavilion and was very well visited, providing a “window display” to increase general awareness of the INC activities and projects, and reach new business contacts.

© IFT Meetings

NuTS TO PARTICIPATE AT THE INTERNATIONAl CONgRESS OF NuTRITION The INC will be participating in the 20th International Congress of Nutrition in Granada, Spain, from the 15th to the 20th of September 2013. INC is sponsoring the satellite symposia “Nuts in Health and Disease” on Thursday, September 19th, from 5.00 to 7.00 pm. The purpose of the symposium is to review what has happened with regard to nut research over the last years. The event will gather together prestigious researchers from around the globe, and will bring the opportunity to spread the benefits of nuts to the biggest group of health and nutrition professionals.

The symposium is being co-chaired by Prof. Miguel A. Martínez-González, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain, and Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Spain.

PROgRAM: 1

2

3

4

Effect of nuts intake on insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors. dr. Mònica Bulló, Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.

Effect of nuts on body

Epidemiologic studies

Tree Nuts and metabolic

weight. dr. Joan Sabaté,

on nuts and chronic

syndrome. Prof. linda

diseases. Prof. Frank Hu,

Tapsell, School of Health

Department of Nutrition,

Sciences, Faculty of Health

Harvard School of Public

and Behavioral Sciences,

Loma Linda University,

Health, Harvard University,

University of Wollongong,

Loma Linda, California, USA.

Boston, USA.

Australia.

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health,

July 2013 | The Cracker

37

38

The Cracker | July 2013

NeWs FrOM tHe iNC seCretariat

Nuts aNd dried Fruit iN

HAUTE CUISINE Craig Hopson, Executive Chef of the Restaurant Le Cirque, New York, USA.

For over 39 years, Le Cirque has offered an unparalleled dining experience earning its place on New York’s gastronomically landscape. Famed restaurateur Sirio Maccioni and family welcome you to Le Cirque’s latest location on East 58th Street in the trendy Bloomberg building. Here guests can enjoy a modern, circus themed dining room, where the food is just as exciting to the palate as it is a feast to the eyes.

On the menu: Mediterranean flavors, slow-cooked dishes and an exceptional wine list.

In January 2009, Craig Hopson joined Le Cirque as executive chef.

Classically trained in the kitchens of Paris, Geneva and his homeland of Australia, the former chef de cuisine of New York restaurants Artisanal and Picholine was most recently executive chef of One if by Land, Two if by Sea. During his career, Hopson has experimented with international ingredients to offer a fresh take on the restaurant’s signature approach to Mediterranean cuisine, in which nuts and fruits are an important element.

At Le Cirque, Hopson continues to uphold the legendary restaurant’s classical culinary style while adding his own modern perspective.

By incorporating global flavours and techniques, he creates dishes that are both approachable and refined. His culinary philosophy is simple: provide guests with what they want, while adding a personal touch and memorable elements to each dish.

When entertaining at home, Hopson visits the greenmarket for inspiration and prepares dishes that are simple and ingredient-driven.

Sirio Maccioni has recently published Le Cirque’s First Cookbook “A Table at Le Cirque: Stories and Recipes from New York’s Most Legendary Restaurant” by Sirio Maccioni and Pamela Fiori.

Le Cirque chefs, past and present, including Alain Sailhac, Daniel Boulud, Sylvain Portay, Christophe Bellanca, Craig Hopson, and Olivier Reginensi –all featured in the book with recipes they introduced during their time at the restaurant.

July 2013 | The Cracker

39

NeWs FrOM tHe iNC seCretariat

iNGredieNts (4 serves):

squab with faro, dried apricots, raisins and almonds

4 pieces Squab, whole, dressed 1 cup Farro, Italian 1 cup Chanterelles, cooked 1/2 cup dried apricots, diced 1 tablespoon Italian Parsley, chopped large 1 tablespoon Almonds, roasted 1 tablespoon Golden Raisins 1 tablespoon Pastilla Spice, or a mixture of paprika, coriander, cumin and black pepper • 1 tablespoon Sherry vinegar • 1/2 L Chicken Stock • 1/2 cup Olive oil

MetHOd:

• Cook the farro in chicken stock seasoned with salt until tender, about 20 minutes.

• Remove the livers, season with salt and saute very quickly in a little olive oil, allow to cool and cut each into quarters.

• Drain the chicken stock and season the farro with olive oil and sherry vinegar.

• Remove the legs and poach in chicken stock until tender, about 1 hour, then remove the meat from the bone and reserve the shredded meat.

• Place the dried apricots and raisins in a small bowl and pour over boiling water to cover for 10 minutes, then drain excess liquid.

40

• • • • • • • •

The Cracker | July 2013

• Add pastilla spice to taste then add the chanterelles, parsley, almonds, raisins, squab livers, shredded squab leg and the apricots.

• Saute the squab breasts skin side down in a large pan with olive oil until medium rare.

• Arrange the farro mixture on four plates and place a squab breast on top of each.

July 2013 | The Cracker

41

World Industry News

Is Your Allergen Control Program Recall Proof?

Undeclared allergens or other allergen related issues served as the leader of food recalls for the past three years according to FDA Enforcement Reports with the exception of the third and fourth quarters of 2012 where allergen recalls fell to third and second position respectively. (Source: ExpertRECALL Index) According to a 2012 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Memorandum on food recalls initiated in 2008-2009, tree nuts accounted for the second largest percentage of recalls behind milk with bakery, confectionary products, and snack foods representing the most affected commodity groups.

These data combined with an 18% rise in U.S. childhood food allergies between 1997 and 20071 conveys the significant need for allergen control programs at the plant level and importance of allergen risk assessments and labeling compliance with U.S. and international regulation.

A recent National Health Interview Survey reports food allergies for approximately 4 million children (5.1%) in the U.S. in 2011, which is up from 3.9% in 2007.2 It is further estimated that food allergies affect between 2-3% of the adult population. However, most concerning are food allergy hospitalizations among children, which accounted for an average of 9,537 discharges per year for the period of 2004-2006.3 Peanut allergies serve as the most prevalent food allergy among children followed by milk and shellfish.4 Regulatory guidelines regarding allergen labeling to protect consumers are established for many countries including: U.S., Canada, Japan, European Union, Australia/ New Zealand, and most recently China. While labeling requirements and the inclusion of allergenic foods and sensitive ingredients varies between countries and Codex Alimentarius, allergen labeling serves as one of the fundamental components of an allergen control program to inform consumers of the potential risk of allergens in the food product.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) recently proposed food safety legislation entitled “Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food” (i.e., Preventive Controls rule) takes further aim at enforcement of an allergen control program for processors handling major food allergens (i.e., milk, tree nuts, wheat, soybean, egg, peanuts, fish, and shellfish). The Preventive Controls rule affects all processors (domestic and international) who manufacture, process, pack, or hold food for consumption in the U.S. and are required to register as a food facility under section 415 of the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. 1,3 2

4

42

Branum, A.M et al. “Food Allergy Among U.S. Children: Trends in Prevalence and Hospitalizations.” CDC/ NCHS, National Health Interview Survey (2008). online.

Jackson, K.D, et al. “Trends in Allergic Conditions Among Children: United States, 1997–2011.” CDC/NCHS, Health Data Interactive, National Health Interview Survey. (2013). online.

Gupta, R, et al. “The Prevalence, Severity and Distribution of Childhood Food Allergy in the United States.” Pediatrics (2011). online.

The Cracker | July 2013

World Industry News

While U.S. and international food regulation recognize the importance of food allergen labeling and an allergen control program, there are still gaps when considering global sourcing and countries that do not require allergen labeling. How can food manufacturers best protect consumers,

their brand, and take a proactive stance in the event of an allergen related recall?

Allergen Risk Assessment The most comprehensive method for guarding against allergen contamination (crosscontact) and undeclared allergen labeling resulting in a recall is through allergen risk assessments of all raw materials/ ingredients and allergen controls at the plant level (i.e., allergen control program). An allergen control program is a systematic method for identifying and controlling allergens from receiving through packaging.

A risk assessment should be conducted of all raw materials and ingredients as a part of the processor’s Supplier Approval program to first identify the presence of allergens. Supplier questionnaires are a common way to gather information related to product formulation, ingredient composition and origin, allergens, and cross-contact with allergens in order to perform an allergen risk assessment.

Allergen Control Once the presence of allergens is identified in raw materials and ingredients, processors must establish procedures throughout the storage, handling, processing, and packaging of products to prevent cross-contact contamination and undeclared allergens from entering non-allergenic product streams.

Allergen control practices include: 1. Segregated receipt and storage of allergen containing raw materials and ingredients 2. Color-coded identification of allergen containing raw materials and ingredients 3. Segregated and identified work-in-progress (WIP), rework, and finished product 4. Production scheduling of non-allergen materials followed by allergen containing materials 5. Personnel, material, and equipment traffic control to prevent cross-contact between allergen and non-allergen areas 6. Labeling, packaging, and process controls 7. Sanitary equipment design to facilitate cleaning and removal of allergenic proteins 8. Validated allergen cleaning and sanitation procedures followed by sanitation verification 9. Allergen awareness training of all personnel

Allergen Labeling Regulation Labeling requirements and ingredient declaration vary between countries. Processors must stay abreast of allergen regulation specific to the country of distribution to ward against undeclared allergen labeling.

In the U.S., the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) applies to domestic and imported packaged food for U.S. consumption.

FALCPA requires labeling of the top eight major allergens. Specific allergens must be listed in order of concentration as the consumer may not be allergic to all allergens within an allergenic group (e.g., tree nuts). Raw agricultural commodities and highly refined oils are exempt from FALCPA. International regulations vary. For example, the European Union (EU) requires labeling of twelve allergens whereas Japan mandates labeling of five major allergens but recommends disclosure of an additional nineteen. Australia and New Zealand’s voluntary incidental trace allergen labeling (VITAL) is a risk-based method for manufacturers to assign one of three action levels for labeling: allergen does not need advisory labeling, allergen advisory labeling stating allergen may be present, and significant levels of the allergen are likely, listing is advised.

Conclusion The identification of allergens in raw materials and ingredients, establishment and implementation of allergen controls at the plant level, and accurate ingredient labeling according to current regulation in the country intended for distribution forms the foundation of an effective allergen control program. However, even with an effective allergen control program in place, processors will be best prepared to protect consumers, protect their brand, and respond to regulatory authorities with a well-developed and implemented recall plan that specifically addresses response procedures for undeclared allergens.

Allergen Control Program Guidance for the Tree Nut Industry Grocery Manufacturers Association. Industry Handbook for Safe Processing of Nuts. 2010. Print.

DFA of California actively performs on-site and public trainings on many food safety topics including GMP compliance, prerequisite program development, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), all of which comprise components for maintaining an effective allergen control program. Contact DFA of California at 916561-5900 to learn more about our Food Safety services and upcoming course offerings.

July 2013 | The Cracker

43

Treenuts Treenuts

Peanuts Peanuts

Dried Dried Fruit Fruit

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Visys features a full range of game-changing Visys features a full range of game-changing Optical Sorters, Smart Laser Sorters, Laser Optical Sorters, Smart Laser Sorters, Sorters, Bioprint Sorters, Color SortersLaser and Sorters, Bioprint Sorters, Color Sorters and X-ray Sorters. All our sorters are fully digital X-ray Sorters.

All our sorters are fully digital and incorporate state-of-the-art technologies and state-of-the-art whilstincorporate being upgradeable and technologies retrofittable whilst being upgradeable and retrofittable at any time. at any time.

Today, Visys is the fastest growing global Today, Visys is with the afastest growing sorting company dedicated sortingglobal range sorting company with a dedicated for all types of nuts & dried fruit. sorting range for all types of nuts & dried fruit.

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WORLD CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION TRENDS J U LY 2 0 1 3 | G L O B A L S TAT I S T I C A L R E V I E W

«Statistics are also available at our website www.nutfruit.org»

Map shows 5 top producing countries.

Other major producers listed below.

MAIN PRODUCING COUNTRIES ALMONDS

BRAZIL NUTS

CASHEWS

HAZELNUTS

MACADAMIAS

PECANS

PINE NUTS

PISTACHIOS

USA Spain Syria Italy Iran Australia Chile Morocco Tunisia Greece Turkey

Bolivia Brazil Peru

India Brazil Vietnam Mozambique Nigeria Indonesia Tanzania Côte d’Ivoire Guinea-Bissau Kenya

Turkey Italy USA Spain Azerbaijan Georgia France China Chile Iran Russia

Australia USA South Africa Malawi Brazil Guatemala Costa Rica Kenya Zimbabwe

USA Mexico South Africa Australia

China Russia Afghanistan Pakistan Mongolia Spain Portugal Italy DPRK Turkey

Iran USA Syria Turkey Greece Afghanistan Italy China

WALNUTS

PEANUTS

DATES

DRIED APRICOTS

DRIED FIGS

PRUNES

RAISINS/SULTANAS/CURRANTS

China USA Iran Turkey Ukraine Italy Chile France India Romania Moldova Greece

China India Nigeria USA Indonesia Argentina Vietnam

Egypt Saudi Arabia Iran Iraq Tunisia USA Israel Algeria United Arab Emirates Pakistan Morocco

Turkey Australia Iran USA South Africa China

Turkey Egypt Iran Greece Italy USA Spain

USA Chile France Argentina Serbia Australia South Africa Italy

Turkey USA Iran Greece Chile Uzbekistan South Africa Australia Argentina China

Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels.

Whilst we do our utmost to ensure the accuracy of these figures, INC does not assume any responsibility or liability related to the information in this Global Statistical Review. This section contains information from various sources and content providers.

July 2013 | The Cracker

45

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Almond · Almendra · Amande · Mandorle · Mandel · Badem Global almond production is expected to grow by 5% in 2013/2014, but supply is estimated to only grow by 3%, as inventories continue to draw down year by year. As reported in the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress, in the United States, from 2006 to 2008 there was a trend of crop receipts exceeding shipments -inventories were building during that period, however in the most recent four years inventories have declined in 3 out of the 4 years, and that continues to be one of the driving factors in almond pricing.

showed a consistent growth rate of 8%, as consequence of the proportion of almonds that go to value-added products, not only to candies or snack bars, but almond milk, chips and crackers, and the number of new product launches. In 2013, world consumption is expected to increase by a modest 4% due to supply restraint.

The U.S. crop has been forecast at 907,194 metric tons (2 billion pounds) kernel basis, up 6% over 2012/2013, and representing 81% of the world production of almonds. Bearing acreage is forecast at 810,000, up 3% from last year, according to the National Agricultural Statistics Service.

Almonds Top New Product Launches*

In Australia, the crop has been estimated at 69,000 metric tons, up 38% from 2012/2013, which is explained by trees reaching maturity, orchards

Almonds, 30% Hazelnuts, 15% Peanuts, 12% Cashews, 10% Misc Nuts, 10% Pecans, 8% Pistachios, 6% Walnuts, 5% Macadamias, 4%

coming into full production, and last year’s disappointing crop due to weather conditions.

The Spanish crop is forecast at 32,000 MT, one of the lowest crops in the last 10 years, due to unfavorable weather conditions: early frost in the beginning of the year and rains during bloom time.

*Global Premium Positioned New Items (2008-2011).

Source: Almonds Round Table, World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress.

Whilst Europe and Asia had relatively flat sales in 2012, the United States

Estimated World Almonds Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY USA MM lbs* USA AUSTRALIA

2012 / 2013

BEGINNING STOCK

2013 / 2014

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

335

1.889

2.224

287

287

2.000

2.287

276

151.955

857.000

1.008.955

130.000

130.000

907.194

1.037.194

125.203

0

49.896

49.896

1.000

1.000

69.000

70.000

0

5.000

45.000

50.000

2.000

2.000

32.000

34.000

1.000

TURKEY

0

16.000

16.000

0

0

15.000

15.000

0

IRAN

0

10.000

10.000

0

0

15.000

15.000

0

TUNISIA

500

12.500

13.000

1.600

1.600

13.000

14.600

500

GREECE

0

8.000

8.000

1.000

1.000

13.000

14.000

0

CHILE

0

10.000

10.000

0

0

10.000

10.000

0

MOROCCO

0

9.000

9.000

500

500

6.000

6.500

0

ITALY

0

12.500

12.500

500

500

5.000

5.500

0

SPAIN

OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

0

30.000

30.000

0

0

30.000

30.000

0

157.455

1.059.896

1.217.351

136.600

136.600

1.115.194

1.251.794

126.703

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) Source: INC.

46

CROP

The Cracker | July 2013

1.080.751

1.125.091

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Brazil Nuts · Coquito de Brazil · Noix de Vresil · Noce del Brasile · Paranuss · Brezilya Fingigi World production of Amazonia (Brazil) nuts for 2013/2014 has been forecast at 80,600 MT in shell basis (23,700 MT kernel basis), 14% down from last year.

Bolivia’s 2012/2013 crop has been revised upwards, from 63,000 MT to 64,500 MT (in shell basis). For the 2013/2014 season, the crop has been forecast at 54,000 MT. The naturally occurring crop

is predicted 20% lower than an average year. The collapse in 2012 prices and stock levels held by the producing factories prevented the normal financing of the 2013 crop collection. The new crop started in earnest 1 month late in January. Typically a collection that runs from January to April reduces the crop’s optimal potential, as collectors are exposed to the rainy season, and leads to deteriorating yields as the nuts stay on the jungle floor for longer.

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nuts Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons 2012/2013

COUNTRY

2013/2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BOLIVIA

750

22.500

23.250

2.500

2.500

17.500

20.000

500

BRAZIL

0

3.300

3.300

200

200

3.000

3.200

200

PERU WORLD TOTAL

0

3.000

3.000

0

0

3.200

3.200

300

750

28.800

29.550

2.700

2.700

23.700

26.400

1.000

WORLD CONSUMPTION (SUPPLY - ENDING STOCK)

26.850

25.400

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nuts Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons 2012/2013

COUNTRY

2013/2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BOLIVIA

2.250

64.500

66.750

7.500

7.500

54.000

61.500

1.500

BRAZIL

0

20.000

20.000

600

600

17.000

17.600

600

PERU

0

9.000

9.000

900

900

9.600

10.500

900

2.250

93.500

95.750

9.000

9.000

80.600

89.600

3.000

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (SUPPLY - ENDING STOCK)

86.750

86.600

Source: INC

08’ to 13’ Brazil Nut Prices and Total Supply.

Pricing Medium/Midgets FOT Rotterdam USD per Lbs 5,50 5,00 29.740

4,50

26.750

4,00

29.550 23.673

26.400

3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress.

July 2013 | The Cracker

47

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Cashew · Anacardo · Noix de Cajou · Anacardio · Cashewkerne · Cashew Cevizi World cashew production has been forecast at 570,700 MT (kernel basis) in 2013/2014, 5% up from the last season (about 27,500 MT). Two countries drive such growth: India, the crop of which is projected at 171,400 MT, up 7% from 2012, and Brazil, which forecasts a dramatic increase after a poor crop last year, up to 35,000 MT -more than doubling- although the estimate is still down compared to the levels achieved several years ago.

US consumption is still one of the highest globally, however the trend line shows stagnation since 2005. China and India recorded the highest growth, 58 and 24 percent respectively.

Estimated World Cashews Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons Brazil converted basis: 4,8 kg RCN = 1 kg kernel, all others: 4,2 kg RCN = 1 kg kernel

COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

nil

160.476

160.476

nil

nil

171.428

171.428

nil

4.762

109.523

114.285

nil

nil

107.143

107.143

nil

nil

63.050

63.050

nil

nil

63.050

63.050

nil

INDIA COTE D'IVOIRE VIETNAM GUINEA-BISSAU

7.143

42.000

49.143

nil

nil

42.857

42.857

nil

BRAZIL

nil

16.500

16.500

nil

nil

35.000

35.000

nil

TANZANIA

nil

30.952

30.952

nil

nil

30.952

30.952

nil

BENIN

1.905

19.048

20.953

nil

nil

20.953

20.953

nil

NIGERIA

238

19.048

19.286

nil

nil

19.286

19.286

nil

INDONESIA

nil

16.667

16.667

nil

nil

16.667

16.667

nil

MOZAMBIQUE

nil

14.500

14.500

nil

nil

11.905

11.905

nil

CAMBODIA

nil

11.905

11.905

nil

nil

11.905

11.905

nil

BURKINA FASO

0

8.333

8.333

nil

nil

8.333

8.333

nil

SENEGAL

nil

7.142

7.142

nil

nil

7.142

7.142

nil

GHANA

nil

5.476

5.476

nil

nil

5.476

5.476

nil

KENYA

nil

2.857

2.857

nil

nil

2.857

2.857

nil

GAMBIA

nil

1.905

1.905

nil

nil

1.905

1.905

nil

OTHERS

nil

13.810

13.810

nil

nil

13.810

13.810

nil

14.048

543.192

557.240

nil

nil

570.669

570.669

nil

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

557.240

570.669

Source: Global Cashew Council and INC.

Cashew Nut Consumption. Kernel. Metric Tons 160.000 140.000 120.000 100.000

USA

80.000

India

60.000

China

40.000 20.000 2005

2006

Source: World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress.

48

The Cracker | July 2013

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Hazelnut · Avellana · Noisette · Nocciola · Haselnuss · Findik TURKEY

USA

The 2012/2013 hazelnut crop in Turkey has been revised up to 740,000 MT (in shell basis), slightly up from the previous estimate. The 2013/2014 crop has been tentatively forecast by the Hazelnut Promotion Group at an average 650,000 MT, between 580,000 and 700,000 MT. As reported in the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress, forecast uncertainty derives from the large number of young and old trees, which makes it difficult to predict yield, and unstable weather conditions. Beginning stocks have been estimated at 70,000 MT (in shell basis), giving a total supply of 720,000 MT. The government has gradually sold off stocks.

In the United States, the 2012/2013 crop has been revised downwards to 32,000 MT, slightly down from the year before, according to the Hazelnut Growers of Oregon.

In 2013/2014, growers are anticipating 35,000 MT, as they enjoyed good pollination weather through spring.

Turkey still represents nearly three quarters of world production. The cultivation area has remained stable at 700,000 hectares since 2009, and the crop has experienced an upward trend over the last decade, although not as marked as other countries.

SPAIN The Spanish crop has been forecast at 19,000-20,000 MT (in shell basis). Nowadays, there are about 12,000 hectares of hazelnut orchards. Over the last years the sector has witnessed a recovery, with new varieties and the mechanical recollection.

CHINA

According to the Black Sea Exports Union, exports in 2012/2013 are expected to reach 300,000 MT (kernel basis). Europe is the largest export market, led by Germany, Italy, and France with 52% share of world exports. Domestic consumption is estimated at around 120,000 MT in-shell.

In China, last year’s crop was estimated at about 15,000 MT (in shell basis). The 2013/2014 crop might add about 2,000 MT, reaching 17,000 MT.

ITALY

Between 2006 and 2010, Chile planted almost 14,000 hectares of hazelnut trees. Production last year was estimated at 6,500 MT (in shell basis). The new crop forecast has been set at 8,000 MT. Between 30,000 and 35,000 MT/year are projected in 2020.

The Italian crop is progressing nicely and is forecast at 120,000 MT (in shell basis).

Quality and variety are becoming more consistent.

CHILE

Estimated World Hazelnuts Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

25.000

370.000

395.000

35.000

35.000

325.000

360.000

30.000

ITALY

5.000

42.000

47.000

6.000

6.000

60.000

66.000

2.500

AZERBAIJAN

1.288

TURKEY

1.288

17.167

18.455

1.717

1.717

15.021

16.738

USA

800

12.800

13.600

200

200

14.000

14.200

400

GEORGIA

600

11.200

11.800

1.200

1.200

12.000

13.200

800

SPAIN

1.000

8.000

9.000

1.000

1.000

9.750

10.750

0

OTHERS

901

11.261

12.162

0

0

11.261

11.261

0

34.588

472.429

507.017

45.117

45.117

447.033

492.149

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

461.900

34.988 457.162

Estimated World Hazelnuts Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

TURKEY

50.000

740.000

790.000

70.000

70.000

650.000

720.000

60.000

ITALY

10.000

84.000

94.000

12.000

12.000

120.000

132.000

5.000

AZERBAIJAN

3.000

40.000

43.000

4.000

4.000

35.000

39.000

3.000

USA

2.000

32.000

34.000

500

500

35.000

35.500

1.000

GEORGIA

1.500

28.000

29.500

3.000

3.000

30.000

33.000

2.000

SPAIN

2.000

16.000

18.000

2.000

2.000

19.500

21.500

0

OTHERS

2.000

25.000

27.000

0

0

25.000

25.000

0

70.500

965.000

1.035.500

91.500

91.500

914.500

1.006.000

71.000

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

944.000

935.000

Source: Hazelnut Promotion Group (Turkey) and other INC sources.

Others: China, Chile, France, Greece, Iran, Australia, and South Africa.

July 2013 | The Cracker

49

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Macadamia · Macadamia · Macadamianuss · Makedemia · Cevizi World production of macadamias is forecast at 138,400 MT (in shell basis) in 2013/2014, which is equivalent to 37,990 MT in kernel basis, slightly up over the previous season.

The Australian Macadamia Society is forecasting a similar crop size to last year. Although there was no official revision of the forecast at the time of writing this report, the expectation was that the NIS crop may be down between 5 and 10%. Kernel recoveries were also down and the combination of these two was expected to reduce the amount of kernel available by at least 1,000 MT. Australia has the potential of 40,00045,000 tons, however due to hot weather, drought and floods the crop has been downsized over the past couple of years.

South Africa has shown a steady healthy growth over the last years.

Its 2013/2014 crop has been forecast at 37,445 MT, 8% up from 2012.

Stable prices in 2012 helped to have a continuous demand. In terms of world consumption, America continues as the leading consumer (37% share), followed by Europe (23%) and Asia (21%) which is growing quite quickly. Emerging markets (primarily China) are playing a significant role in the macadamia industry, where the product is seen as a premium.

Estimated World Macadamias Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA USA KENYA GUATEMALA MALAWI CHINA BRAZIL OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2012/2013

BEGINNING STOCK 933 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 933

CROP 11.400 9.680 7.120 3.950 1.820 1.551 930 1.240 100 37.791

TOTAL SUPPLY 12.333 9.680 7.120 3.950 1.820 1.551 930 1.240 100 38.724

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

2013/2014

ENDING STOCK 2.322 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.386

BEGINNING STOCK 2.322 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.386

CROP (*) 11.500 10.484 6.720 4.000 1.800 1.640 1.450 1.000 100 38.694

TOTAL SUPPLY 13.822 10.548 6.720 4.000 1.800 1.640 1.450 1.000 100 41.080

36.338

ENDING STOCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41.080

Estimated World Macadamias Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA USA KENYA GUATEMALA MALAWI CHINA BRAZIL OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2012/2013

BEGINNING STOCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

CROP 38.000 34.555 22.250 19.750 7.290 4.964 3.000 4.420 500 134.729

TOTAL SUPPLY 38.000 34.555 22.250 19.750 7.290 4.964 3.000 4.420 500 134.729

2013/2014

ENDING STOCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BEGINNING STOCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

134.729

CROP (*) 39.000 37.445 21.000 20.000 7.200 5.250 5.000 3.450 500 138.845

TOTAL SUPPLY 39.000 37.445 21.000 20.000 7.200 5.250 5.000 3.450 500 138.845

ENDING STOCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138.845

(*) Australia: It is not expected that the current forecast for 2013 crop will be changed when assessed at the end of June. Formal data indicates that in a “normal year” the crop would achieve expectation. This based on crop receipts to date (end May), and when taking into consideration historical in-take data from June to September. There is, however, general consensus that this is not a normal season. The harvest may finish early and this may prove to impact negatively on the total crop receipts for 2013. In regards total kernel availability, there are two important factors to consider. Significantly more Inshell will be shipped from the Australian market in 2013 for inshell sales (when compared to 2012 crop), and not available for shelling. Also, grower batch assessments to date evidence a lower kernel yield (Sound Kernel Recovery) on product that will be shelled. Taking in to account these factors, and carry-in and carry-out, it is expected that, based on the current 2013 forecast, the total saleable kernel for the marketing year will be similar to that of 2012 crop. The question remains as to whether the 2013 crop will achieve estimate. The delayed beginning to the harvest of the 2013 crop due to weather has extended the marketing year for the 2012 carry-in, and inventories have reduced accordingly.

Source: Australian Macadamia Society, South Africa Subtropical Growers’ Association, and other INC sources.

50

The Cracker | July 2013

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Pecan · Pecana · Noix de Pecan · Noce Pecan · Pecanuss · Pekan Cevizi In 2013/2014, total supply of pecans is projected at 129,763 MT (in shell basis), very similar to the previous season. North American makes up 95% of world supply of inshell pecans.

Overall, demand remains strong. China is consuming a larger portion (inshell basis) each year. According to the US Department of

Agriculture, exports from USA and Mexico to China for October 2012 through March 2013 were up 27% (inshell basis) over total exports in 2011/2012 (October-September). China is by far the largest recipient of North American pecans exported out of US ports (45% of total exports); Europe ranks second with 23%, followed by Canada with 18%.

Estimated World Pecans Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

24.192

63.866

88.058

40.914

40.914

44.307

85.221

23.950

1.500

34.020

35.520

1.135

1.135

37.425

38.560

2.000

SOUTH AFRICA

n/a

4.763

4.763

n/a

n/a

3.742

3.742

n/a

AUSTRALIA

214

1.097

1.311

214

214

1.400

1.614

231

OTHERS

n/a

690

690

n/a

n/a

626

626

n/a

25.906

104.436

130.342

42.263

42.263

87.500

129.763

26.181

USA MEXICO

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

88.079

103.582

Estimated World Pecans Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

54.982

145.150

200.132

92.986

92.986

100.698

193.684

54.431

3.000

68.040

71.040

2.270

2.270

74.850

77.120

4.000

SOUTH AFRICA

n/a

9.525

9.525

n/a

n/a

7.500

7.500

n/a

AUSTRALIA

420

2.150

2.570

420

420

2.800

3.220

454

OTHERS

n/a

1.500

1.500

n/a

n/a

1.361

1.361

n/a

58.402

226.365

284.767

95.676

95.676

187.209

282.885

58.885

USA MEXICO

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

189.091

224.000

Source: INC.

China Consumption as a Share of World Total.

Inshell Basis.

China

Exports to China from USA and Mexico Ports.

Crop Year Basis Oct. thru Sept.

All Other Channels 54.038

1% 5% 13% 14% 18% 12% 21% 23%

38.189 23.583 1.881

25.311

42.386 28.797

7.301

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10

2010/11 2 011/12

2012/13 thru March

Source: USDA.

July 2013 | The Cracker

51

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Pine Nut · Piñón · Pignon · Pinoli · Pinienkerne · Çam Fistigi In Russia, the 2012/2013 crop estimate has been revised downwards to 1,000 MT (kernel basis). The crop in Far East (Pinus Chinensis) has been estimated at 10,500 MT. Beginning stocks are 24,000 MT, giving a total supply of 34,500 MT, 2% up the previous season. As for the 2013/2014 crop, the industry expects reliable forecast numbers only after October 2013.

World consumption (excluding Chinese internal usage) for packing grade Koraiensis variety 600/750 count was circa 16,000 MT for the period October 2010 to September 2012. The available supply from the Chinese 2012 and 2013 crop to cover the period October 2012 to September 2014 is estimated at about 5,000 MT, which could lead to potential further price increases. However, from October

2012 to March 2013 Chinese exports were down 20% compared to the previous year due to higher pricing.

For the 2013/2014 season, the Mediterranean crop (Pinus Pinea) has been forecast at about 2,600 MT. The last two seasons have witnessed a 50% reduction of the Mediterranean pine nut crop, compared to the previous 10-year average (2000-2010). The quantity of fully developed cones has decreased, along with the yield (from 3.5-4% to 1.5-2.5% in the last years) the reason of which is not perfectly clear, and the Leptoglossus insect infestation hypothesis has yet to be proven. The consequent reduction of produce availability has escalated prices to record levels.

Estimated World Pine Nuts Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2011 / 2012

BEGINNING STOCK

2012/2013

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

FAR EAST (Pinus Chinensis): CHINA PAKISTAN RUSSIA DPR KOREA

500 1.000 200 100

20.000 4.000 5.000 3.000

20.500 5.000 5.200 3.100

14.000 2.000 5.000 3.000

14.000 2.000 5.000 3.000

2.000 6.000 1.000 1.500

16.000 8.000 6.000 4.500

2.000 2.000 1.500 500

SUBTOTAL

1.800

32.000

33.800

24.000

24.000

10.500

34.500

6.000

TURKEY SPAIN ITALY PORTUGAL OTHERS

0 0 0 0 0

650 845 200 650 100

650 845 200 650 100

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

350 325 200 125 50

350 325 200 125 50

0 0 0 0 0

SUBTOTAL

0

2.445

2.445

0

0

1.050

1.050

0

1.800

34.445

36.245

24.000

24.000

11.550

35.550

MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus Pinea):

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

6.000

12.245

29.550

Source: INC

Pine Nuts Export Tonnage and Prices.

Prices Chinese Koraiensis 600/750 count $40.000 $35.000 $30.000 $25.000 $20.000 $15.000 $10.000 $5.000 2001

2002

2003

2004

Source: World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress.

52

The Cracker | July 2013

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Q1/2013

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Pistachio

· Pistacho · Pistache · Pistacchio · Pistazie · Antep Fistigi USA The United States is estimating for 2013/2014 a 250,000 MT crop, very similar to last year, primarily because of some of the new plantings are producing better than expected. The carry-over is 45,000 MT, giving a total supply of 295,000 MT (in shell basis). About 20,000 acres of new plantings are predicted in 2013. Asia (primarily China) continues as the leading export market for US pistachios with 46,600 MT in 2012 YTD, followed by Europe with 30,600 MT in 2012 YTD. IRAN

the 2013/2014 season, IPA’s preliminary estimate is around 190,000-200,000 MT. Abnormal weather (downpours) during pollination in Kerman, and cool temperatures in spring changed the optimistic forecast for this year’s crop. Exports are predicted to hit 160,000 MT. TURKEY Turkey’s forecast for the 2013/2014 crop (off year) has been set at 80,000 MT, in shell basis. Pistachios price decrease last year caused a very active domestic market, which led to a sharp price increase. That trend is expected to continue this season.

According to the Iranian Pistachio Association, the actual production figure for 2012/2013 came up to 180,000 MT, 10% down from the previous estimate. For

Estimated World Pistachios Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

USA

41.127

251.935

293.062

45.000

45.000

250.000

295.000

70.000

IRAN

5.000

180.000

185.000

5.000

5.000

195.000

200.000

5.000

TURKEY

9.280

112.000

121.280

37.280

37.280

80.000

117.280

33.280

AFGHANISTAN

0

15.000

15.000

0

0

16.500

16.500

0

SYRIA

0

25.000

25.000

1.000

1.000

15.000

16.000

1.000

GREECE

0

7.000

7.000

0

0

10.000

10.000

0

CHINA

0

6.500

6.500

0

0

4.000

4.000

0

ITALY

0

2.000

2.000

0

0

3.000

3.000

0

AUSTRALIA

0

700

700

0

0

1.650

1.650

0

OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

0

500

500

0

0

500

500

0

55.407

600.635

656.042

88.280

88.280

575.650

663.930

109.280

WORLD TOTAL

567.762

554.650

Source: American Pistachio Growers, Iranian Pistachio Association, and other INC sources.

US Pistachio Shipments by Region. Metric Tons 100.000 80.000 2008

60.000

2009 2010

40.000

2011 2012 YTD

20.000 N. America

Europe

Asia

Middle East/ Africa

Other

Central/S. America

Source: ACP

July 2013 | The Cracker

53

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Walnut · Nuez · Noix · Noce · Walnuss · Ceviz CHINA The Chinese 2013/2014 crop forecast has been announced as 500,000 MT (in shell basis), 4% up from the prior season, and 11% higher than the average for the last five years. Walnut planting acreage is estimated at 200,000 hectares (bearing and non-bearing). The yield is estimated between 10 and 40 kg per tree (some are as high as 80 kg). The country plans to add another 500,000 hectares of new walnut trees in the coming years, with the target to reach up to 1 million metric tons of walnuts in shell in the next 10-20 years. In 2012, China imported 59,714 MT of walnuts in shell -an 8.6 fold increase from its 2008 level.

US walnut production has doubled since 2000, to reach 450,000 MT (992 million pounds) in shell basis in 2012 -the second largest crop in the history. The industry predicts a 567,000 MT crop in 2016. Bearing acreage has gone up 10 percent from 223,000 acres in 2008 to 245,000 acres in 2012. Exports have been the driving factor in the past 6-7 years, reaching 237,400 MT (inshell equivalent) in 2011, while the domestic market remains strong. China continues as the leading export market.

USA

Estimated World Walnuts Production. Kernel Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY CHINA USA TURKEY UKRAINE CHILE FRANCE MOLDOVA INDIA ROMANIA HUNGARY ITALY GEORGIA TOTAL

2012 / 2013

BEGINNING STOCK 1.000 21.498 820 0 410 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.138

CROP 192.000 193.395 28.700 20.500 16.400 15.580 14.350 9.430 8.200 6.150 6.300 2.460 513.465

TOTAL SUPPLY 193.000 214.893 29.520 20.500 16.810 15.990 14.350 9.430 8.200 6.150 6.300 2.460 537.603

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

2013 / 2014

ENDING STOCK 1.000 24.183 1.640 0 410 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 27.643

BEGINNING STOCK 1.000 24.183 1.640 0 410 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 27.643

CROP 200.000 189.200 29.520 22.550 17.920 16.390 15.580 10.250 10.250 6.150 5.481 3.280 526.571

TOTAL SUPPLY 201.000 213.383 31.160 22.550 18.330 16.800 15.580 10.250 10.250 6.150 5.481 3.280 554.214

509.960

ENDING STOCK 1.000 22.790 2.460 0 410 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 26.865 527.349

Estimated World Walnuts Production. In Shell Basis. Metric Tons COUNTRY CHINA USA TURKEY UKRAINE CHILE FRANCE MOLDOVA INDIA ROMANIA HUNGARY ITALY GEORGIA TOTAL

2012 / 2013

BEGINNING STOCK 2.500 49.996 2.000 0 1.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 42.500

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

CROP 480.000 449.755 70.000 50.000 40.000 38.000 35.000 23.000 20.000 15.000 15.500 6.000 1.242.255

TOTAL SUPPLY 482.500 499.751 72.000 50.000 41.000 39.000 35.000 23.000 20.000 15.000 15.500 6.000 1.298.751

2013 / 2014

ENDING STOCK 2.500 56.240 4.000 0 2.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.496

BEGINNING STOCK 2.500 56.240 4.000 0 2.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.496

1.233.011

Source: China Chamber of Commerce for Imports/Exports of Foodtsuffs (CCCFNA), Chilean Walnut Commission, and other INC sources.

54

The Cracker | July 2013

CROP 500.000 440.000 72.000 55.000 43.700 40.000 38.000 25.000 25.000 15.000 13.500 8.000 1.275.200

TOTAL SUPPLY 502.500 496.240 76.000 55.000 45.700 41.000 38.000 25.000 25.000 15.000 13.500 8.000 1.340.940

ENDING STOCK 3.000 53.000 6.000 0 1.000 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 64.740 1.277.440

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Peanut · Cacahuete · Cacahuète · Arachide · Erdnuss · Yer Fistigi World production of peanuts has been forecast at 36.4 million MT for 2013/2014, slightly down from the previous season, yet up 9% from 2010/2011. Both yield and rise in number of acres have contributed.

Peanut production in China has been on the rise over the past two years due to more favorable prices. Its is primarily used for food and vegetable oil. In 2012, about 8.1 million MT were crushed for oil, whereas 6.5 million MT of peanuts found their way into domestic consumption, and about 625,000 MT were exported, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In India, production of peanuts has gone down by 20% since 2010/2011, to 5 million MT in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 (yields mostly contributed to this decline). Exports suffered, due to the

strong domestic demand, from 790,000 MT in MY 2011/2012 to 600,000 MT in MY 2012/2013, according to the USDA. Foreign demand for Indian Hand Picked Select peanuts remains strong. India is a supplier to neighboring countries, Vietnam, South Korea, USA, Egypt, Taiwan, Germany and Turkey.

The introduction of HACCP certification and the role of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), and Indian Oilseeds and Produce Export Promotion Council (IOPEPC) as per Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 91/2013 of 31 January 2013 should bring India back into the edible export business.

Estimated World Peanuts Production. In Shell Basis. Million Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

CROP

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

CHINA

0,00

16,50

16,50

0,00

0,00

16,60

16,60

0,00

INDIA

0,00

5,00

5,00

0,57

0,57

5,00

5,00

0,57

USA

0,45

3,06

3,51

1,08

1,08

2,00

3,08

1,03

NIGERIA

0,00

1,55

1,55

n/a

n/a

1,55

1,55

n/a

ARGENTINA

0,00

1,16

1,16

n/a

n/a

1,20

1,20

n/a

INDONESIA

0,00

1,15

1,15

n/a

n/a

1,15

1,15

n/a

VIETNAM

0,00

0,55

0,55

n/a

n/a

0,55

0,55

n/a

BRAZIL

0,00

0,26

0,26

n/a

n/a

0,26

0,26

n/a

SOUTH AFRICA

0,00

0,12

0,12

n/a

n/a

0,12

0,12

n/a

NICARAGUA

0,00

0,12

0,12

n/a

n/a

0,12

0,12

n/a

MEXICO

0,00

0,09

0,09

n/a

n/a

0,09

0,09

n/a

OTHERS

0,00

7,76

7,76

n/a

n/a

7,76

7,76

n/a

WORLD TOTAL

0,45

37,32

37,77

1,65

1,65

36,40

37,48

1,60

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

36,12

35,88

Source: USDA, Argentine Chamber of Commerce and other INC sources.

OTHERS: Sudan, Senegal, Myanmar, Chad, Burkina Faso, etc.

US Peanut Supply and Disappearance . 1000 Metric Tons YEAR BEGIN. AUG. 1 2011/12 2012/13 (*) 2013/14 (**)

SUPPLY

BEGINNING STOCKS 688 455 1.108

DISAPPEARANCE

PRODUCTION

IMPORTS

TOTAL

1.660 3.058 2.012

115 32 30

2.463 3.545 3.150

DOMESTIC FOOD 1.272 1.317 1.354

CRUSH 274 302 262

SEED & RESIDUAL 214 274 209

EXPORTS

TOTAL

247 544 295

2.007 2.437 2.120

ENDING STOCKS 455 1.108 1.030

3.545

Total Supply

2.582

2.848 2.388

2.673

2.715

3.150 2.463 3.058

Production

2.341 1.571

2006/07

1.666

2007/08

2.012 1.675

2008/09

2009/10

1.886

1.660

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13 (*)

2013/14 (**)

(*) Estimated. (**) Forecast. Source: USDA, June 18, 2013.

July 2013 | The Cracker

55

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Date · Dátil · Datte · Dattero · Dattel · Hurma World production of dates has been forecast at 7.8 million MT for 2013/2014, slightly down from the 7.7 million MT reported in 2012/2013. Approximately 91% of date production is consumed within the producing countries. India is the leading export market

with annual imports ranging from 190,000 to 250,000 MT. Three emerging markets have arisen in recent years: South-Eastern Asia, USA and the Russian Federation.

Estimated World Table Dates Production. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

90.000

1.180.000

1.270.000

120.000

120.000

1.290.000

1.410.000

115.000

EGYPT

100.000

1.250.000

1.350.000

130.000

130.000

1.240.000

1.370.000

120.000

IRAN

50.000

1.095.000

1.145.000

70.000

70.000

1.110.000

1.180.000

85.000

UAE

35.000

785.000

820.000

50.000

50.000

820.000

870.000

50.000

PAKISTAN

10.000

750.000

760.000

8.000

8.000

760.000

768.000

7.000

ALGERIA

7.000

720.000

727.000

10.000

10.000

730.000

740.000

12.000

IRAQ

15.000

560.000

575.000

15.000

15.000

550.000

565.000

10.000

SUDAN

15.000

430.000

445.000

20.000

20.000

435.000

455.000

25.000

OMAN

11.000

270.000

281.000

10.000

10.000

280.000

290.000

10.000

TUNISIA

6.000

185.000

191.000

6.000

6.000

185.000

191.000

6.000

MOROCCO

5.000

120.000

125.000

4.500

4.500

130.000

134.500

5.000

LIBYA

4.000

100.000

104.000

5.000

5.000

85.000

90.000

3.000

ISRAEL

700

21.500

22.200

200

200

22.000

22.200

200

USA

180

21.000

21.180

800

800

20.000

20.800

5.000

SAUDI ARABIA

OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

24.000

180.000

204.000

25.000

25.000

175.000

200.000

25.000

372.880

7.667.500

8.040.380

474.500

474.500

7.832.000

8.306.500

478.200

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

7.565.880

7.828.300

Source: INC.

Dried Apricot · Orejón · Abricot Sec · Albicocca Secca · Getrocknete Aprikose · Kuru Kayisi According to the Aegean Dried Fruits Exporters’ Association, the Turkish production of dried apricots for 2013/2014 is forecast at 110,000 MT, significantly down from the previous season. Beginning stocks have been estimated at 30,000 MT, giving a total supply for domestic consumption and exports of 140,000 MT. Total exports summed up to 101,364 MT last

year, 13% up from 2011. Exports reached 46,169 MT in the five months of 2013, up 26% compared to the same period of 2012 (January-May).

Estimated World Dried Apricots Production. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

20.000

176.718

196.718

30.000

30.000

110.000

140.000

n/a

IRAN

n/a

24.000

24.000

n/a

n/a

22.400

22.400

n/a

CHINA

n/a

6.000

6.000

n/a

n/a

5.700

5.700

n/a

SOUTH AFRICA

n/a

1.600

1.600

n/a

n/a

1.500

1.500

n/a

USA

n/a

1.500

1.500

n/a

n/a

1.600

1.600

n/a

AUSTRALIA

n/a

700

700

n/a

n/a

600

600

n/a

TURKEY

OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

n/a

28.500

28.500

n/a

n/a

28.800

28.800

n/a

20.000

239.018

259.018

30.000

30.000

170.600

200.600

n/a

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) Source: Aegean Exporters’ Association and other INC sources.

56

2013 / 2014

The Cracker | July 2013

229.018

200.600

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Dried Fig · Higo Seco · Figue Sec · Fico Secco · Getrocknete Feige · Kuru Incir Production of dried figs in Turkey has been forecast at 58,000 MT for the 2013/2014 season, according to the Aegean Dried Fruits Exporters’ Association. Export shipments rose 10% to reach

55,334 MT ( January-December 2012). In 2013, demand has remained strong with 21.154 MT exported from January to May, up 48% from the same period of the last year.

Estimated World Dried Figs Production. Metric Tons 2012 / 2013

COUNTRY TURKEY

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

2013 / 2014

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

2.000

56.900

58.900

0

0

58.000

58.000

0

n/a

22.000

22.000

n/a

n/a

22.600

22.600

n/a

IRAN USA

n/a

9.250

9.250

n/a

n/a

10.000

10.000

n/a

GREECE

n/a

7.600

7.600

n/a

n/a

7.600

7.600

n/a

SPAIN

n/a

6.000

6.000

n/a

n/a

5.800

5.800

n/a

ITALY

n/a

3.900

3.900

n/a

n/a

3.800

3.800

n/a

OTHERS

n/a

2.000

2.000

n/a

n/a

2.000

2.000

n/a

2.000

107.650

109.650

0

0

109.800

109.800

WORLD TOTAL

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

109.650

0 109.800

Source: Aegean Exporters Association and other INC sources.

OTHERS: Afghanistan, Morocco, Syria, PRC, etc.

Prune

· Ciruela Seca · Pruneau · Prugna Secca · Backpflaume · Kuru Erik · Pruna Seca USA

MT, due to unfavorable weather conditions. Domestic consumption is estimated to be only about 5% of total production.

Total supply in the United States is forecast to decline by 20% to 140,800 MT, significantly lower than 10 years ago (-35%), largely because of the decline in hectares devoted to plums. In 2013, there are about 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres) under cultivation, compared with 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) a decade earlier.

CHILE

ARGENTINA The crop in Argentina has been reported excellent. Last year’s cold winter allowed trees to recover, and neither frost nor hail when flowering, combined with warm temperatures during harvest lead to a crop forecast of 45,000 MT.

In Chile, production has been estimated at 50,000 MT in 2013/2014, 33% down over the previous season’s record production of 75,000

Estimated World Prunes Production. Metric Tons COUNTRY

2012 / 2013

2013 / 2014

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

BEGINNING STOCK

PRODUCTION

TOTAL SUPPLY

ENDING STOCK

USA

51.000

124.600

175.600

40.823

40.823

99.970

140.793

n/a

CHILE

6.000

75.000

81.000

2.774

2.774

50.000

52.774

n/a

ARGENTINA

4.600

18.000

22.600

3.000

3.000

45.000

48.000

n/a

23.000

41.000

64.000

20.000

20.000

40.000

60.000

n/a

600

2.700

3.300

500

500

3.000

3.500

n/a

FRANCE AUSTRALIA SERBIA ITALY

0

3.000

3.000

0

0

3.500

3.500

n/a

180

1.000

1.180

200

200

1.200

1.400

n/a

SOUTH AFRICA TOTAL

0

1.100

1.100

0

0

1.200

1.200

n/a

85.380

266.400

351.780

67.297

67.297

243.870

311.167

n/a

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

284.483

311.167

Source: Chile Prunes Association, and other INC sources.

July 2013 | The Cracker

57

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Raisins, Sultanas & Currants · Uva Pasa · Raisin Sec · Uvetta · Rosine · Kuzu Üzüm World raisins, sultanas and currants supply for 2013/204 has been tentatively forecast at 1.3 million MT, very similar to the one estimated in 2012/2013.

California Raisin Tonnage Crushed. 1000 MT Variation of 45,000 MT from crop years

120 100

In the United States, at the time of writing this report it was very difficult to predict production volumes. There are two driving factors: weather conditions and the amount of raisin variety grapes that are crushed for grape juice concentrate.

80 60 40 20

As for Turkish sultanas, production has been forecast at 250,000 MT by the Aegean Dried Fruits Exporters’ Association. Beginning stocks are 15,000 MT, giving a total supply of 265,000 MT. Total exports reached 226,977 MT last year, 6% up from 2011. Exports rose 14,7% in the five months of 2013 from the same period of 2012, reaching 84,376 MT ( January-May 2013).

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: California Grape Crush Reports. Mar 2001 thru Feb. 2013

Estimated World Raisins, Sultanas & Currants Production. Metric Tons COUNTRY USA TURKEY CHINA INDIA IRAN CHILE SOUTH AFRICA GREECE UZBEKISTAN ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA OTHERS WORLD TOTAL

2012 / 2013

BEGINNING STOCK 93.000 3.500 0 0 5.000 5.000 1.500 5.000 1.000 0 500 1.000 115.500

PRODUCTION 270.000 286.575 165.000 144.000 160.000 75.000 35.000 26.000 25.000 27.000 16.500 20.000 1.250.075

TOTAL SUPPLY 363.000 290.075 165.000 144.000 165.000 80.000 36.500 31.000 26.000 27.000 17.000 21.000 1.365.575

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock)

2013 / 2014

ENDING STOCK 111.400 15.000 0 0 5.000 5.000 5.000 3.500 1.000 n/a 500 1.000 147.400

BEGINNING STOCK 111.400 15.000 0 0 5.000 5.000 5.000 3.500 1.000 n/a 500 1.000 147.400

PRODUCTION* 280.000 250.000 160.000 145.000 140.000 50.000 40.000 40.000 25.000 20.000 14.000 26.000 1.190.000

1.218.175

TOTAL SUPPLY 391.400 265.000 160.000 145.000 145.000 55.000 45.000 43.500 26.000 20.000 14.500 27.000 1.337.400

ENDING STOCK 100.000 0 0 0 3.000 1.000 5.000 2.000 1.000 n/a 0 1.000 113.000 1.224.400

Source: Aegean Exporters’ Association, Iranian Dried Fruit Export Association, and other INC sources.

California Raisin Grape Production. 2006-2014 Crop Years.

Fresh Tons by Crop Year. 2013 & 2014 Crop years Projected.

3.000.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 500.000

Actual (2006-2012) Statistical Projections (2013-2014)

Lower 95% C.I. Projections

2003- 2004 2004- 2005 2005- 2006 2006- 2007 2007- 2008 2008- 2009 2009- 2010 2010- 2011 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 Source: Agricultural Statistics Board NASS, USDA, Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts.

58

The Cracker | July 2013

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Special Report: China Import Statistics 2001-2012 Source: Chinese Customs, Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong SAR.

Pistachios Inshell. Metric Tons 140.000 119.424

120.000 100.000 73.801

80.000 60.000 40.000

73.723 47.096

42.435

53.372

49.432

2005

2006

80.495

95.353

96.947

2010

2011

71.805

29.812

20.000 2001

2002

2003

2004

2007

2008

2009

2012

Almonds. Metric Tons Inshell

Kernel

100.000

93.205

90.000 80.000

69.590

70.000 60.000 50.000

39.865 41.233

40.000 30.000

44.160

38.430

23.823

20.000 10.000

50.608

48.675

8.978 8.839 2001

13.022

16.762 10.500

2002

8.865 6.902 2003

4.739 5.464

3.532 4.005

2004

2005

4.949

7.892

8.175 10.436

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Pecans. Metric Tons 50.000

Inshell

Meats

43.848

45.000

41.533

40.000 35.000

29.903

30.000

30.039

26.008

25.000 20.000

16.487

15.000 10.000 5.000

5.245

4.340 36 2001

6.330

4.093 91

2002

500 2003

1.595 1.226

975 2004

2005

4.534

2.323

2.112

2006

2008

4.292

3.707

1.429

2007

393

0 2009

2010

2011

2012

18.389

18.515

18.187

2010

2011

2012

Macadamias Inshell. Metric Tons 25.000 20.394 20.000

18.276

15.000 10.000

7.921 5.790

13.139

13.256

2004

2005

14.728

14.389

2006

2007

6.772

5.000

2001

2002

2003

2008

2009

Walnuts. Metric Tons 70.000

Inshell

Kernels 59.714

60.000 48.721

46.963

50.000 37.878

40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 1.054 560 2001

1.134 561 2002

1.119 990

1.396 1.327

2.484 1.586

4.262 2.530

2003

2004

2005

2006

11.113

7.926 2.700 2007

6.350

7.100

1.590 2008

2009

2010

5.232 2011

1.632 2012

July 2013 | The Cracker

59

GLOBAL STATISTICAL REVIEW

Cashew Kernels. Metric Tons 37.712

40.000 35.000 28.231

30.000

25.645

25.000 20.000 15.000

12.156

10.474

10.000

6.524

5.000

2001

2002

10.763

8.062

2003

2.286

3.203

3.181

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

13.361

2012

Pine Nut Kernels. Metric Tons 3.000 2.481

2.500 2.000

2.279

1.620

1.500 1.000

882

918

2008

2009

668

500

216

2001

2002

33

75

27

8

2003

2004

2005

2006

196

2007

2010

2011

2012

Brazil Nuts Inshell. Metric Tons 5.700

6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 1.720

2.000

1.274

1.000

405

0

2001

2002

170

19

0

161

2003

2004

2005

2006

960

874

2010

2011

403

2007

2008

2009

2012

Hazelnuts. Metric Tons 35.000

Inshell

33.243

Kernel

30.000 23.333

25.000 20.000

19.131

17.866

16.911

15.000

14.307

12.672

11.441

10.678

10.000

15.169

12.843

14.107

5.000 344

574

295

464

101

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

346

290

2006

2007

614

2008

312

2009

480

2010

209

563

2011

2012

Tree Nuts Imports 2001-2012. Metric Tons 140.000

Almonds

120.000

Pistachios

100.000

80.000

60.000

Walnuts

40.000

Pecans Hazelnuts Macadamias Inshell Cashew Kernels Brazil Nuts Inshell Pine Nut Kernels

20.000

2001

60

2002

2003

The Cracker | July 2013

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

mauriziopatscot

...now offering the best fruit with the best chocolate... bellissimo! www.besanaworld.com

World Industry News

Chocolate and Almonds:

Flavor, Texture, and Perfection

Consumer Trends in Global Chocolate Study The Almond Board of California (ABC) fielded its first global chocolate study in 2010 which has been very successful in leveraging consumer data regarding chocolate and nut attitudes, usage and preferences. The 2013 study results will be used to update and expand the learning’s from 2010.

The main objectives are to understand chocolate attitudes and usage in key markets and to assess preferences in chocolate relative to nuts and other ingredients globally. An online quantitative study was conducted in early 2013 among 5400 consumers in ten markets: North America (US), Europe (UK, France, Germany), Russia, Asia (China, India, Japan, South Korea) and South America (Brazil). Respondents had to have at least shared responsibility for household grocery shopping decisions, moderate chocolate consumption and no nut allergies in the household. They were between 18-70 years of age with 50% - 60% women and 40% - 50% men.

Chocolate Consumption

When it comes to choosing what type of chocolate consumers eat, most will stick to what they know and love. These same consumers, about 60%, are eating the same amount of chocolate last year versus the prior year and 30% report they are eating more than they had previously. However, there are some who are eating less chocolate than before and they site health reasons and most are not replacing the chocolate with any other type of food. Overall, those respondents eating more chocolate than previously report taste and happiness as the drivers for eating chocolate more often.

ASIA

15.9 12.9

13.8

10.8

10.4

9.7

9.8

10.2

10.3

pa

n So uth Ko re a

7.7

Ja

ia Ind

ina Ch

il Br az

Ru ss ia

an y rm

ce

Ge

Fra n

UK

7.1

US

Dark chocolate, like milk chocolate, has a strong following too. Especially in China and India who tend to eat more dark chocolate and overall, dark chocolate is consumed more frequently than white chocolate. But regardless, chocolate is enjoyed by people from all over the globe whether for health reasons, energy or just plain enjoyment.

W. EUROPE

To ta l...

Globally, the research found that chocolate is eaten about 11 times per month, with the highest consumption coming from France.

Also, milk chocolate is the most popular type of chocolate; either plain, with nuts or even some type of filling. No surprise, milk chocolate is just good and delicious.

Monthly Chocolate Consumption

SOURCE: Global Chocolate Report, Sterling-Rice Group, 2013

Nuts and Almonds Deliver on Crunch!

Consumers love nuts in their chocolate, nearly two-thirds according the recent Global Chocolate study, of these respondents believe that nuts make chocolate products crunchier, more nutritious and more filling. Adding almonds to any chocolate product creates unlimited possibilities in exceptional flavor and tantalizing texture. “Tastes great” is the number one benefit for consumers when choosing a chocolate product, and when compared to other nuts, consumer around the world agree that almonds are the number one nut that makes chocolate tastier.

With almonds, the possibilities for flavor in chocolate are endless. The subtle buttery flavors, almonds are that only nut that can pair perfectly with countless flavors…from salt to sweet, familiar favorites to more adventurous, tempting flavors… chili, spicy and hot! There is no other nut in the world that delivers the inspiring opportunities for crunch and texture.

More forms than any other tree nut…whole, diced, sliced, slivered and of course almond flour. And the most popular forms are pieces and blanched almonds.

Almonds Add that Nutritional Halo Almonds bring a wide variety of nutritional benefits to chocolate. They contain a wealth of health equities that strengthen the health halo around chocolate. Antioxidant vitamin E:

World Industry News

almonds are one of the leading food sources of α-tocopherol vitamin E. Also, nearly two decades of research show that almonds may help maintain healthy cholesterol levels. In addition, almonds qualify for a qualified health claim that states, “Scientific evidence suggests but does not prove that eating 1.5 ounces per day of most nuts, such as almonds, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease.”

One serving of almonds (28g) has 13g of unsaturated fat and only 1g of saturated fat. So…Almonds not only taste good but are good for you!

Ongoing Nutrition Research A jointly funded study between ABC and The Hershey Company is evaluating the independent and additive effects of dark chocolate and almonds on heart disease risk factors of 40 healthy, nonsmoking, overweight and obese men and women aged 21-70 years with moderately elevated LDL-C. Almonds are low in saturated fat, rich in unsaturated fat and contain fiber, phytosterols, plant protein, a-tocopherol, arginine and other important micronutrients. Dark chocolate and cocoa contain epicatechin and proanthocyanidins, flavanols that exert beneficial effects on vascular function. Both foods have shown important heart health benefits, however, the additive and or synergistic effects of almonds and dark chocolate/cocoa have not been investigated.

This design allows assessment of the independent effects of each food on vascular endothelia function and serum markets of inflammation, and identifies any potential additive effect(s). The clinical trial is randomized to 4-4 week test dies (control, almond, chocolate and chocolate and almond) with 2-week breaks in between (6-month minimum/cohort). All diets excerpt control include 19g of natural cocoa powder and ~35g of dark chocolate in the form of a hot cocoa beverage and/or 42g natural almonds. Currently 20 subjects are enrolled in the study with a projected completion period of summer 2014.

The Best Reward It’s easy to see that nothing brings more to chocolate than almonds. Almonds and chocolate are a great combination that consumers love; offering great flavor and crunch. So next time you want a piece of chocolate, choose a chocolate treat with almonds.

Eurofins_Anzeige_TheCracker_Trampe_version2.1 Dienstag, 20. April 2010 16:16:32

July 2013 | The Cracker

63

World Industry News American Pistachio Growers Activities Around the World

American Pistachio Growers Ambassador Jeremy Jones in the Spotlight JEREMY JONES HONORED AS WHITE HOUSE HIGHLIGHTS COMMUNITY RESILIENCE LEADERS AS “CHAMPIONS OF CHANGE” On Thursday, April 11, the White House honored twelve citizens, businesses, and community leaders as “Champions of Change,” for their work to prepare their communities for the consequences of climate change (such as increasingly extreme weather and other costly climate-related impacts). The “Champions of Change” program was created as a part of President Obama’s “Winning the Future” initiative. Each week, the White House features a group of Americans – individuals, businesses and organizations – who are doing extraordinary things to empower and inspire members of their communities. APG Ambassador Jeremy Jones was among those honored. Jones is an award-winning filmmaker, entrepreneur, environmentalist, and snowboarding pioneer. He is the founder and CEO of Jones Snowboards and founder of Protect Our Winters, an advocacy group organizing the winter sports community around climate change. He is also widely regarded as an accomplished big mountain rider and explorer. Named a 2013 National Geographic “Adventurer of the Year” and voted “Best Big Mountain Rider of the Year” 10 times by Snowboarder Magazine, Jeremy has starred in over 50 snowboard movies worldwide.

The 2013 American Pistachio Growers Miss California China Tour APG Ambassadors Miss California, Jim Zion, Jeffrey Gibbons, Danielle Kusmak and Rudy Hernandez, along with APG Global Marketing Director Judy Hirigoyen represented America’s beautiful green nut during their China tour.

In their quest to spread the word about APG’s commitment to quality, food safety and in-country customer support, special events were held in the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. APG’s 2013 Miss California China Tour kicked off in glamorous fashion in Shanghai with a press conference at the Cityshop Riyueguang Plaza in Xujiahui, and followed by the official opening at the Super Brand Mall in Lujiazui. Both events attracted hundreds of onlookers who gathered to learn more about APG’s health and beauty ambassador, Miss California. Other media events included an interview with the Shanghai press, a

64

The Cracker | July 2013

World Industry News

photo shoot with TrendsHealth Magazine and a TV interview with Miss California on Fun Lifestyle, a national television talk show. Nutrition seminars were conducted in Shanghai and Guangzhou where pistachio nutrition and American Pistachio Growers’ product, food safety and growing practices were discussed. Seminar attendees also had the opportunity to have their picture taken with Miss California and enjoy a delectable spread of pistachio dishes that demonstrated the many ways American pistachios can be incorporated into a healthy diet.

APG members and Miss California visited Shanghai Young Bakers, a non-profit organization that provides French bakery training and job placement to disadvantaged youth. For the second year, APG presented a check to fund scholarships to continue their good work.

In supermarkets in Guangzhou, and Chengdu, retail promotions were held, Miss California and APG growers met and greeted customers who packed the stores and eagerly waited to get their hands on American pistachios as well as a photo with Miss California and an autograph. In Chengdu, the final stop of the tour, the American Consul General, Peter Haymond, and Director of the Agricultural Trade Office of Chengdu, Morgan Haas, welcomed our APG ambassadors.

China’s Future Chefs and Bakers Are Learning to Cook and Bake with American Pistachios APG is hosting a series of seminars and competitions in Bejing, Shanghai and Guangzhou that will target China’s food service industry.

More than 150 junior chefs will participate in the event. Along with the workshops, APG is hosting a junior chef training program at the local bakery schools to expand the use of American pistachios in the baking industry. The workshop will cover the basics of baking with American pistachios as well as their various applications.

Story Continues on Page 64 July 2013 | The Cracker

65

World Industry News Story Continued from Page 63

It’s In The Bag – American Pistachio Growers Sampling Program Powers Runners Around the World IN ROME - APG REACHES 20,000 RUNNERS AT THE 19TH ANNUAL MARATONA DI ROMA Thanks to the 20,000 APG sample packs (and their information filled packaging design) included in the race goody bags, runners not only sampled delicious pistachios but also read about their nutritional benefits. APG’s logo was also included on the Rome Marathon’s website.

In France American Pistachio Growers Join Forces with Le Run Femina 2013 Tour Le Run Femina 2013 Tour celebrates health, fitness, fun and “100% Woman.” APG has joined forces with the tour to spread the powerful pistachio nutrition message to these active consumers. Each woman who participates in the run will receive an APG 100-calorie sample pack in her race bag.

The tour takes place in France’s most beautiful cities, which are also known for their friendly and festive spirit: • Arcachonnaise, May 12, 2013 in Arcachon • Toulousaine, July 7, 2013 Toulouse • Bordelaise, September 22, 2013 in Bordeaux To appeal to a broader base of runners, each of the three runs offers a different distance: 4K, 8K or a “nice walk.” Over 5,000 women are expected to participate.

IN GERMANY - APG PARTNERS WITH ACTIVE LIFE MAGAZINE FOR THE 2013 BERLIN MARATHON Attracting over 45,000 runners and more than 1 million spectators, the Berlin Marathon is one of the largest and most popular road races in the world. In anticipation of the September 29 event, American Pistachio Growers teamed up with Active Life magazine to raffle a much-coveted race entry and a two-night stay in the trendy Hotel Berlin, Berlin. The four-star hotel is located conveniently near the marathon’s running course. With a circulation of more than 120,000, Active Life is Germany’s most popular fitness magazine.

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The Cracker | July 2013

IN ITALY - APG REFUELS 40,000 RUNNERS AT 41ST STRAMILANO RUN Where “Milan’s Fashion Week” is legendary for its beautiful high-fashion super-models, Stramilano is famous for attracting 50,000 runners from all over the world. Starting at the world famous Duomo Cathedral, Stramilano takes runners through the historic city and across the finish line at the beautiful Sempione Park. More than 40,000 runners received an APG sample pack in their race goodie bag. Spectators and runners also viewed the American Pistachio Growers logo on pre-promotional materials such as the race mailer and website, and on banners placed at the beginning and end of the race.

World Industry News

Studies Published in Nutrition

Health Benefits of Eating Pistachios

INCLUDE WEIGHT CONTROL AND DELIVERING ANTIOXIDANTS The information stockpile on the health benefits of eating pistachios on a daily basis continues to grow with two recent articles published in the journal Nutrition. A November/December 2012 review of published tree nut research points to the prevention of obesity and other health benefits with consumption of tree nuts, including pistachios. Additionally, a January 2013 paper confirms the release of key antioxidants and polyphenols from pistachios during digestion.

Add nutrients, not weight, with pistachios The November/December review was conducted at the Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany and in the Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology at the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. The review, led by Vellingiri Vadivel, Ph.D., aimed to clarify the relationship between tree nut consumption, including pistachios, and body weight in relation to other research findings of healthy outcomes primarily related to heart health.

According to Constance J. Geiger, Ph.D., R.D., who serves as a nutrition research consultant with the American Pistachio Growers, “This review reaffirms that while nuts are nutrient and energy dense, the research does not support that increased consumption may lead to unwanted body weight gain. In fact, the opposite was found: that eating nuts in moderate amounts does not increase body weight.”

In addition to pistachios, the study examined mixed nuts, almonds, walnuts and peanuts. The authors looked at both epidemiologic research studies and short-term feeding trials. They found that although tree nuts have high-fat content, most are unsaturated fats that may not be fully absorbed.

Also, because of their energy density, protein and high-fiber content tree nuts are satisfying, which the authors suggested may reduce overeating.

The review indicated that frequent nut consumption may lower the risk of obesity in healthy subjects. The authors concluded that the inclusion of these nuts, such as pistachios, in amounts of 30-50g/d is advisable to ensure various health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and antioxidant effects. These benefits can be achieved without the risk of weight gain.

Antioxidants in pistachios are released during digestion In the second study published in Nutrition in January 2013, pistachios were found to contain important antioxidants. These antioxidants, similar to those found in fruits and vegetables, were found to be released during digestion and thus were available to the body to provide health benefits. Results of this study were presented earlier in 2012 at the American Society of Nutrition conference in San Diego.

This investigation was conducted by the Model Gut Group at the Institute of Food Research (IFR) in the United Kingdom in association with the University of Messina, Italy. Polyphenols (catechins), carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and gammatocopherol (vitamin E), all with strong antioxidant qualities, were quantified in pistachios. The work was funded by American Pistachio Growers, a not for profit trade association that funds research on emerging science associated with the nut.

Giuseppina Mandalari, Ph.D., research scientist at IFR, was the lead investigator. According to Mandalari, “These results are the first to show the bioactive compounds are released during digestion and are available to be taken up by the body.” She continues, “These nutrients contribute to the beneficial relationship between pistachio consumption and healthy outcomes, such as heart disease.”

The bioaccessibility, the availability of nutrients to be absorbed by the body, of phytonutrients in whole foods such as pistachios is meaningful, especially when compared to nutrients ingested in supplements, whose bioavailability may not be known.

Pistachio colors tell a story Be sure to color your plate with pistachios. The antioxidants and polyphenols in pistachios can be identified by the green, yellow and purplish red colors in the kernel and skins. Those antioxidant compounds that are released include beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, which provide the yellow and possibly green colors.

Green also comes from chlorophyll. Anthocyanins, also found in blueberries, give pistachios their purplish red color. The polyphenols, catechins, are slightly yellow or white. Not only do fruits and vegetables contain important antioxidants and polyphenols, but pistachios also provide these nutrients as identified by the array of colors in the kernels and skin.

The results of the bioaccessibility study along with the findings of a 2010 published study and trials by researchers at Pennsylvania State University are significant. The Penn State study addressed the positive effect of antioxidants-- tocopherols and lutein-- from pistachios on LDL cholesterol, and all of these findings combined point to a reduced risk of heart disease when pistachios are eaten daily.

Antioxidants help protect the body from damage. Oxidation, a process that occurs through natural body functions such as exercise, produces free radicals. These free radicals can attack healthy cells and weaken them, making them more susceptible to damage. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E and carotenoids, which include beta-carotene and lutein, help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Pistachios have gamma tocopherol (a form of vitamin E), lutein/zeaxanthin and beta carotene (carotenoids). Research from Penn State University shows that these antioxidants are increased in the blood when pistachios are eaten.

They are related to lowering oxidized bad cholesterol.

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World Industry News

Pistachio Health Institute:

One-stop shop for Health Professionals and Consumers PistachioHealthInstitute.org announced its launch to more than 600 registered dietitians who attended the 29th Annual Sports, Cardiovascular, and Wellness Nutrition Symposium held in Chicago, IL. Building on the credibility and success of its related sites at PistachioHealth.com and PistachioHealthScience.org, the new platform at PistachioHealthInsitute.org offers a one-stop solution for people interested in pistachios, from healthy snackers, to health professionals, food writers, and nutrition researchers.

The new website will keep the same sleek look, and promote targeted, effective communications to health professionals and consumers, but now all communication will be under one click-of-a-button.

“We wanted to create an outstanding online resource that would be extremely useful and easy to navigate for anyone looking for pistachio health information,” said site developer Maggie Moon. “The site’s clear division of content and unique offerings to each audience makes it a helpful and useful resource, whether you’re a registered dietitian, nutrition researcher, health writer, or healthy snacker.”

The main page will have three tabs: For the People, For the Pros, and Research. This format will still offer the same news and information about pistachios in a fun and user-friendly way for both consumers and nutrition professionals.

For the People

For the Pros

Research

PistachioHealthInstitute.org offers a section developed specially for consumers. Visitors can submit nutrition-related questions in the “Ask the Expert” section, and read up on the latest trends and developments in the “Health Nut Blog.” The blog contains editorials and interviews written with input from leading doctors, scientists, and nutrition researchers.

PistachioHealthInstitute.org serves as a straightforward, educational resource to health professionals seeking the latest information on pistachios. Along with research studies and factual information on heart health, weight management and nutrition, client resources are also available, including articles, tip sheets, and recipes. Health professionals can also sign up for Go Pistachio! Nutrition News, a quarterly e-zine covering recent nut research, upcoming scientific meetings and presentation summaries.

PistachioHealthInstitute.org will now house the leading research library on pistachios, with new research updates and information from leading experts in the field of health and nutrition. This will be a great resource for researchers who want to stay up to date on pistachio science, as well as a great section for media to retrieve information if they want to go straight to the source for their stories.

Information will be available 24/7.

The site features interactive tools including a tree nut chart illustrating the nutrient content of pistachios as compared to other tree nuts; and an illustrative body model that depicts the nutritional and health benefits pistachios have on the body. A glossary offers definitions of nutrition-related terms and includes healthful pistachio recipes from entrées to desserts. A great resource for consumers and health writers is our “Media Room,” which showcases noteworthy pistachio media coverage and includes pistachio fact sheets, press releases and an image library.

About pistachiohealthinstitute.Org PistachioHealthInstitute.org is the leading online source of information on the health and nutrition benefits of pistachios for both consumers and health professionals. It houses a comprehensive research library, with research updates and information from leading experts in the field of health and nutrition, including the Health Nut blog, Ask Our Expert section, and educational materials. “Like” Pistachio Health Institute on Facebook and follow @PistachioHealth on Twitter. For more information about the health benefits of pistachios, please visit www.PistachioHealthInstitute.org.

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World Industry News

The perfect snack for bathing suit season? Dried fruit and nuts!

Since last year dried fruit and nuts have been fully inserted in the rulebook of advice and suggestions for the summer diet elaborated by the Ministry of Health. In the 2013 edition the Italian Ministry of Health has confirmed its recommendation to consume “a portion of dried fruit and nuts” during the summer too, because they contain “good fats”, they are rich in nourishing elements and release calories in a gradual way.

The new rulebook about what to eat in the summer will be distributed in Italy in over 60.000 points, mostly practitioners’ studies and pharmacies.

Among the various suggestions contained in this document are the following: eating more in season fruit and vegetables, choose simpler and less fatty foods, avoid eating a complete meal from appetizer to dessert for lunch and dinner. Another advice is to use as little salt as possible, and to prefer the iodized or spiced kind so as to reduce its consumption.

This summer rulebook can be considered just another confirmation of the by now diffused awareness of the benefits of consuming dried fruit and nuts, but the novelty lies in proposing them as a food to be preferred during the summer as well, even in green or fruit salads, or with yogurt as a healthy breakfast in the morning, to profit by its contents of vitamins and minerals so helpful in the hot season when many liquids are lost with perspiration.

During the summer months the activity of Nucis Italia will concentrate on the creation of new communication materials and in the search of new clinical studies to insert on its website and to be sent to the practitioners listed in the data base of the operators interested in the popularization of the benefits that can be obtained through a healthy way of eating and the adoption of a correct lifestyle.

This year during the fall, Nucis Italia will introduce new informative materials and communication tools to be used in medical studies and points of sale. An educational campaign that started some years ago and has given - and keeps on giving - so many satisfactions, both in terms of new adhesions to the project and, what is more imporant, in terms of loyal customers who use dried fruit and nuts in a healthy and balanced way.

Considering the great success of the 2012 edition with over 90.000 games played in 5 months, the on-line game based on healthy eating habits and the consumption of dried fruit and nuts will be reproposed for 2013 as well. In the new edition of the game the focus will shift from the search of the “daily dose” to the identification of different moments that can be ideal to consume dried fruit and nuts. This year as well playing will be easy, funny and instructive... and pleasant, too, because daily prizes can be won (a dispenser of dried fruit and nuts) and there is also a monthly reward concerning natural wellbeing.

All summer Nucis will keep in touch with its followers through its Facebook page, constantly updated with suggestions, recipes, news, trivia and appointments regarding the world of dried fruit and nuts.

Anticipating the new campaign, debuting this year in December is an initiative with the Italian Association for Multiple Sclerosis (AISM), will be put on Facebook and on the website www.nucisitalia.it.

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The Cracker | July 2013

World Industry News

Nucis Italia has decided in fact to support the AISM project through actions of social communication and promotion aimed at raising funds to sustain its numerous activities in favour of people struck by this serious illness, and at scientific level to promote the financing of the scientific research.

The event - that will take place in mid-December in over 15 Italian provinces – will include the distribution of about 30.000 baskets of dried fruit and nuts wrapped as gifts, whose sale will contribute to the fund raising for the AISM association.

Inside the baskets, containing a mix of almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios etc. there will be informative material prepared by Nucis on dried fruit and nuts, so that a beautiful gift can become doubly precious: helping scientific research on one hand and encouraging a healthy way of eating on the other.

Next fall and winter are going to be rich in initiatives and important appointments that will involve all the firms affiliated with Nucis, consumers, health practitioners and the press. A dense program of engagements and rendez-vous that will contribute to create around dried fruit and nuts a colourful world, made of pleasure and health finally finding a perfect match!

www.prunesco.com

July 2013 | The Cracker

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World Industry News

NEWS FROM NUCIS GERMANY The 50th Scientific DGE Congress took place at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm University, Bonn in March and is the major congress for scientists in Germany. It is targeted at leading scientists and nutrition advisers.

Nucis participated with a booth to inform participants about its work, services and to motivate the nutritionists to recommend nuts as part of the daily diet based on their very positive contribution to the diet. Many orders of teaching materials were made possible at the meeting. The booth was visited by nutrition professionals, including physicians and students studying nutritional science. Of particular interest was the nutritional information provided in the flyer and newsletter.

© Presseamt Bundesstadt Bonn

At the INC Congress in Barcelona, Thomas Apfel delivered a presentation about Nucis Germany and its contributions to the nutrition community. Its reputation as being a trustworthy source about nutrient questions of nuts results from using only information that is science-based. It is the repeated contact to nutritionists, physicians and the willingness of Nucis providing them with support and ideas how to teach and bring forward the good news about nuts that makes Nucis special.

About 20,000 nutritionists were informed about Nucis activities throughout the year (using the multiplier effect). Ongoing information on the homepage, facebook and inclusion of Nucis articles on “5 and day” homepage keeps nuts top of mind. Providing articles in professional magazines is a valuable tool as well.

Membership in the “5 a day” supports that nuts in the material. The best tool is direct contact with nutritionist as supported e.g. by the VDOE membership because questions can be answered and false information or prejudices can also be dispelled.

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The Cracker | July 2013

Jens Paritzsch, DGE ©

Telephone: 520-791-2852 Fax: 520-791-2853 P.O. Box 7 Sahuarita, Arizona 85629 U.S.A.

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4/19/2013 10:45:48 AM

World Industry News

DOMESTIC MARKETING UPDATE

By Jennifer Olmstead, Marketing Director, Domestic

Harvard University Publishes Research on Walnuts and Type 2 Diabetes Recent research published online by the Journal of Nutrition, found an inverse relationship between walnut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in two large prospective cohorts of U.S. women: the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. The researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health followed 58,063 women (52–77 years) in NHS (1998–2008) and 79,893 women (35–52 years) in NHS II (1999–2009) without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. They found two or more one ounce servings of walnuts per week to be associated with a 21% and 15% lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes before and after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) respectively.

This result is important as diabetes is estimated to affect 12.6 million women in the United States and 366 million people worldwide, and the

numbers are expected to rise to approximately 552 million globally by 2030. Diet and lifestyle modifications are key components in fighting this epidemic, and recent evidence suggests that the type of fat rather than total fat intake plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Specifically, a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), found significantly in walnuts, has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes and obesity expert Dr. David Katz considers walnuts to be a nutritious ingredient that should be a staple in the American diet.

“Observational studies can’t prove cause and effect, but when associations are seen in large populations, and occur in a well-established context – cause and effect may reliably be inferred,” states Dr. Katz. He continues, “The findings here – the kind often seen

with powerful pharmaceuticals – are robust, and remarkable. They strongly indicate the importance of consuming whole foods, such as walnuts, in the fight against diabetes.”

To date, the United States market has received 89 million publicity impressions including a full page in the June issue of Shape magazine and coverage on the Katie Couric’s show “Katie”. Internationally, the study was covered by a major evening newspaper in Japan, the Daily Gendai. This coverage led to the study being highlighted on a popular Japanese television variety show called “Wide Scramble” which was seen by over 50 million households. In Spain, the study was covered in Saber Vivir, the most read monthly magazine in Spain reaching over 1 million people.

Additional coverage was received in South Korea, Germany and India.

$10,000 Winner Announced National Defenders of the Human Body Sweepstakes The California Walnut Board wrapped up a successful Facebook sweepstakes, giving away $10,000 cash to Susan B., a nurse from Fort Collins, Colorado. The two-month long contest exceeded projections by increasing California Walnut fans 187% to over 37,000. At the same time, Twitter followers more than doubled. The concept complemented the “Natural Defenders of the Human Body” print campaign and energized fans to tell us how they like to use walnuts. The sweepstakes followed two other phases where the Board engaged with fans to discover how they naturally defend their bodies. Look for a new, exciting campaign to come to Facebook this summer!

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World Industry News What Comes First:

The Food or the Nutrient The CWC sponsored a half day satellite session titled “What Comes First: The Food or the Nutrient” at the annual American Society for Nutrition (ASN) meeting in Boston on April 19. This session focused on the concept of food synergy and the fact that people eat food not nutrients. Different areas of health benefits were addressed including cancer, cognition, and vascular health. Speakers included David R. Jacobs, Jr., PhD from University of Minnesota, W. Elaine Hardman, PhD from the Marshall University School of Medicine, Barbara Shukitt-Hale, PhD from Tufts University, and Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD from Penn State University. The session was recorded on video and ASN has made it available on demand through their website so registered dietitians can view the program and claim up to four free continuing education credits.

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING UPDATE

By Michelle McNeil, Senior Marketing Director, International

CWC Participation at Tradeshows in Europe From May28th to 29th CWC exhibited at the annual “World of Private Label” international trade show in Amsterdam. In 2013, a new visitor record was achieved, as more than 9.000 retails visitors attended the show, looking for new products and ideas for their private label programs. More than 3,800 stands presented innovative products and more than 2,100 exhibitors from 70 countries participated in this year`s show.

Over the two days of the show, CWC`s industry film was shown on an LCD at the new CWC booth. A big rotating walnut caught the attention of passing visitors and the two slogans “Walnuts from California - Trusted Quality.” and “Walnuts from California – Most Versatile Ingredient.” pointed out the key messages that were communicated by the new booth. Further, informational material was handed out to interested visitors. The CWC industry guide was distributed as well as this year`s first edition of the CWC trade newsletter in English and German.

CWC`s main goal was to encourage the use of California walnuts in the food manufacturing sector and to build new contacts in the private label sector.

In order to give visitors an idea of the vast product range with California walnuts, various product samples were displayed.

Products from Canada, China, Germany, Japan, South Korea and Spain underlined the global success of California walnuts.

In April, the CWC participated in the Sachsenback, Eastern Germany`s most important baking trade show.7,500 visitors, mainly baking and confectionery professionals, had the opportunity to visit 215 exhibitors. It was the first time the new booth, which was designed for smaller trade shows, was used. At the CWC booth new recipe cards which were produced for the trade show were handed out as well as the classic walnut samples.

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World Industry News

NUTS FOR LIFE TURNS 10

A DECADE OF CHAMPIONING NUTRITION

By Lisa Yates, Program Manager and Dietitian Nuts for Life

Lisa Yates, Chris Joyce, Liz Munn, Prof Joan Sabate celebrating Nuts for Life 10 year anniversary at the Australian Nut Conference March 2013

Chris Joyce wins the inaugural Golden Handful award for his vision and dedication to the Australian Tree nut Industry including 10years as the Chair of Nuts for Life at the Australian Nut Conference March 2013

Australian Nut Consumption at Trade 2003-2012

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At the Australian Nut Conference in March Nuts for Life celebrated its 10th anniversary, a decade of championing NUTrition and the health benefits of eating nuts every day.

The gem of an idea for a collaborative nut industry health education program was first proposed by Chris Joyce – the 10 year Chair of Nuts for Life – back in 1996. However it wasn’t until 2003 that industry-wide support was achieved and Nuts for Life was officially launched in 2004. Today Nuts for Life is voluntarily funded by 29 of the Australian Tree Nut Industry’s growers, processors, packers and importers of tree nuts in Australia. Government marched funds for R&D activities have also been obtained annually through Horticulture Australia.

Over this 10 year period there has been a consistent increase in value and volume of tree nut wholesale Australian sales by 4-5% per annum achieving our set goal of 5% per annum. Volumes have increased from 32,000 tonnes in 2002 to 47,000 tonnes in 2012 with trade sales of nearly $400 million - an increase of $150 million since 2002. This has been achieved from an Australian Tree Nut industry investment over 10 years of just over $2million.

While increasing Australian tree nut consumption has been an important goal, much of Nuts for Life’s activities over the last 10 years have been around educating Australian food regulators and policy makers, health professionals (such as doctors and dietitians), and the general public indirectly through traditional and social media, on the important health benefits of regular nut consumption.

Linear (Tonnes)

Major Nuts for Life achievements over these 10 years include:

•

•

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Greater health awareness and presence for nuts in the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines including their value for heart health and weight management as a result of many submissions. The dietary modelling underpinning the Australian Dietary Guidelines found Australian adults need to increase nut consumption by 350% to meet the recommended 30g serve size.

Improving health professional knowledge about nuts especially in relation to weight management. For example in 2003 just 18% of doctors believed nuts had a positive effect on weight compared to 61% in 2012 and only 12% of doctors thought nuts had a role in a healthy daily diet compared to 73% in 2012. This health professional paradigm shift has been achieved over 10 years through attendance and participation at 70 health conferences, 200,000 Nuts for Life resources distributed, Nuts for Life website, NutENews email newsletter, twitter and facebook. Our newest resource – Nuts and the Big Fat Myth aims to dispel the myth that eating nuts leads to weight gain and is being distributed to doctors.

Improving health knowledge of the general public – for instance the number of main grocery buyers that believe nuts plays a role in weight management has doubled from 23% in 2003 to 46% in 2012 although there is still work to be done.

The Cracker | July 2013

nut

the

2012

•

report

NUTS & BIG FAT MYTHE TH The positive role for weight manag nuts in ement

World Industry News

•

•

•

•

•

•

Greater word of mouth and increased positive stories on nuts and health in Australian media including: print, radio, TV, websites, blogs, facebook and twitter – 1,300 stories generating 350million impressions (based on circulation figures) over 10 years, and more recently 1350 followers on twitter and 5800 likes on facebook.

Many submissions to Food Standards Australia New Zealand over 10 years regarding the newly gazetted Standard 1.2.7 Nutrient, health and related claims.

Development of “how to make health claims” manuals for each nut - available to Nuts for Life contributors.

Building and expanding relationships with National Heart Foundation through their front of pack Tick program, Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia and the Public Health Association of Australia.

Joining forces with the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council to bring Dr Emilio Ros and Prof Jordi Salas Salvado to Australia to present at a Nut Symposium during the International Congress of Dietetics in 2012.

Presenting 20 nut myth busting workshops for around 240 Nuts for Life contributor staff members.

Nuts for Life is grateful for the faith and ongoing financial support from our financial contributors: •

Australian Almond Board and member companies

•

GB CommTrade

•

JC’s Quality Foods

•

Australian Macadamia Society and member companies

•

Langdon Ingredients

•

Australian Pecan Growers and member companies

•

MWT Foods

•

Nocelle Foods

•

Australian Pioneer Pistachio Co

•

Nut Producers Australia

•

Australian Walnut Growers and member companies

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Rath & Co

•

Royal Nut Company

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Carroll Partners

•

Scalzo Food Industries

•

Charlesworths Nuts

•

Select Harvest

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Chestnut Growers Australia and member companies

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Stahmann Farms

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Commodity Imports Australia

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Sunbeam

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Chungs Oriental Trading Co

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The Nut Shop

•

FTA Food Solutions

•

The Nut Stand

•

Hazelnut Growers Australia and member companies

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Traditional Fine Foods

•

Trumps

•

Trutaste Foods

Smart Conveying

We would also like to thank the ongoing support, drive, passion and vision of the Nuts for Life Management Committee headed up by Chris Joyce as Chair from the Australian Pioneer Pistachio Company. As well as: Gerard Brunton – GB Commtrade Pty Ltd Joseph Ebbage – Almond Board of Australia Chaseley Ross – Australian Nut Industry Council Quin Scalzo – Scalzo Food Industries Michael Waring – MWT Foods Lynne Ziehlke – Australian Macadamia Society Many thanks to the staff at Horticulture Australia for many years of dedicated service and advice to Nuts for Life.

And finally thanks to Liz Munn Nuts for Life’s Consultant Dietitian who, for the last three years, has been an excellent partner to Lisa Yates the Program Manager and Dietitian at Nuts for Life for the last eight years. At just 1.2 FTE together they have achieved so much on behalf of the Australian Tree Nut Industry.

For any further information on Nuts for Life please contact Lisa Yates, Program Manager and Advanced Accredited Practising Dietitian on admin@nutsforlife.com.au Or check out: • Web: www.nutsforlife.com.au (currently being upgraded) • Follow us: www.twitter.com/NutsForLife • Like us at: www.facebook.com/nuts4life

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July 2013 | The Cracker

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World Industry News

ALTERNATIVE PECAN USES RECOGNIZED AMONG FOOD PROCESSING PROFESSIONALS The culinary industry continues to embrace new ways to incorporate nutritious pecans into packaged goods, recipes and institutional meal-planning. This is most clearly evidenced by the current trend toward using nut flours and butters.

The use of nut flours and butters by U.S. food industry professionals corresponds with a growing interest among consumers in incorporating gluten-free alternatives into their diets. A January 2013 report from NPD Group showed that 30 percent of U.S. adults want to cut down on or be free of gluten. Additionally, the study reported more than 200 million restaurant visitors last year were consumers ordering food described as “gluten-free” or ”wheat-free”.

“Nut flour creates options for people who are not only dealing with gluten issues but also for a larger group of people who are dealing with diabetes,” says Peter Reinhart, chef on assignment at Johnson Wales University and author of The Joy of Gluten Free Sugar Free Baking.” There are a lot of benefits of moving in this direction. But in the end, as it is for any food line, to determine a food product’s success is in the flavor. From a flavor standpoint, I don’t think you can beat pecan nut flour.”

Culinary professionals and consumers incorporate nut flours by simply replacing their everyday flour with nut flour to obtain a more glutenfriendly recipe or diet. Nut flours can be found almost anywhere glutenfree products are sold, including health stores or groceries and online.

However, it is possible to make nut flour at home by grinding the tree nut into a fine power using a food processor.

“The value of nut flours is that they are rich in natural oils. The products that you tend to make from them will stay moist much longer,” says Reinhart, “You can substitute any nut for another nut because they all function the same way in the bread. The ones that always seem to win in a lot of taste tests, though, are the ones with the pecan flour.”

It is important to freeze the nut first, because warm or room temperature tree nuts will become nut butter instead of flour very quickly. Nut flours should be stored in an airtight container in a fridge or freezer. This will allow nut flour to last for several months without perishing.

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The Cracker | July 2013

ABOUT THE NATIONAL PECAN SHELLERS ASSOCIATION The National Pecan Shellers Association (NPSA), a non-profit trade association, is committed to educating culinary and health professionals, food technologists and the general public about the nutritional benefits, variety of uses and all around great taste of pecans.

For more information on the health benefits of pecans and where to find them, visit www.ilovepecans.org.

The American Nut

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ChilE

Switzerland

Exportadora Anakena LTDA...........73

Swiss Gourmet AG....................................9

Prunesco.........................................69

turkey

Valbifrut S.A....................................76

Hazelnut Promotion Group..............2

ChINA

UK

Sino Jet International ......................1

Bühler Sortex Ltd............................67

FRANCE

Kenkko Commodities PLC..............15

Eurobroker......................................11

Toximet LTD..................................100

Somercom.......................................99

USA

Germany

Cablevey Conveyors........................75

Eurofins..........................................61

Campos Brothers Farms.................27

Palm Nuts & More KG....................98

Chico Nut Company........................90 Crain Walnut Shelling, INC............10

ITALY

Fisher Nut Company.......................36

Connect S.R.L..................................95

Grower Direct..................................28

V. Besana S.P.A.................................59

Harrell Nut Company......................12

JAPAN

Hilltop Ranch, INC.................16 & 79

Tanto Corporation..........................72

Hughson Nut, INC...........................39 Primex INTL........... Back Outside Cover

MOROCCO Santis S.A.R.L. ................................92

Satake USA, INC....Front Inside Cover Setton INTL Foods..... Iniside Back Cover

Spain

The Green Valley Pecan CO........70 & 71

Almendras Francisco Morales S.A....85

VICAM, A Waters Business.................7

Borges S.A........................................78

Wilbur Packing...............................93

Crisol de Frutos Secos, SAT.............82

Young Pecan Company...................77

Detailed information will be sent and posted to our website: www.nutfruit.org July 2013 | The Cracker

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INC woRld foRum foR NutRItIoN ReseaRCh aNd dIssemINatIoN

Chaired by Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó

2013 INC ReseaRCh GRaNt The INC Word Forum for Nutrition Research Evaluating Committee held a meeting last May 19th to conclude the peer-review of the projects submitted under the INC 2013 Call for Expressions of Interest. The aim of this grant is to finance some research projects on health and nutrition in relation to nuts and dried fruits. The call launched on January 23rd was addressed to public and private institutions, as well as not-for-profit organizations, and encouraged cooperative research. It was sent out to more than 120 researchers who have published studies related to nuts and/or dried fruits over the last years, and more than 50 associations around the world.

INC received 13 applications of high quality from 9 countries. These projects included basic research, clinical trials and epidemiological studies in relation to the effect of consumption of nuts and dried foods on diabetes, cancer, cognitive function… It was very difficult for the committee to make a final recommendation as all projects were of high interest and scientific quality. Finally, two projects were recommended to be awarded because of their important contribution to science in this research field, and also for being of special interest for the nut and dried fruit industry.

INC awaRds BRIGham aNd womeN’s hospItal, haRvaRd’s sChool of puBlIC health, aNd the uNIveRsIty of NavaRRa. The first awarded project is an epidemiological study conducted in the cohort of the Health Professionals • Project: Long-term nut consumption and cognitive function with aging (epidemiologic Follow-up Study, aimed at assessing if nut consumption study). Principal Investigator: Dr. Fran Grodstein, is associated with a better cognitive function. The The Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA. Cosecond project is a clinical trial conducted in Spain that Applicant 1: Prof. Walter Willet, Dept. of Nutrition, aims to assess the cardiovascular effect of an intensive Harvard School of Public Health, USA. Co-Applicant 2: weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on a traditional Dr. Brian Harel, CogStates, New Haven, USA. Mediterranean diet, relatively rich in fat from olive oil and nuts, in comparison with a less intensive program • Project: Long-term effects of an energyusing a Mediterranean diet not restricted in energy. restricted Mediterranean diet on mortality and cardiovascular disease (clinical study).

Principal Investigator: Dr. Miguel Ángel MartínezGonzález, University of Navarra, Spain. Multiinstitutional collaborative project.

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INC woRld foRum foR NutRItIoN ReseaRCh aNd dIssemINatIoN

fIRst woRld foRum foR NutRItIoN ReseaRCh CoNfeReNCe interact and solve doubts with the different speakers.

Many of the plenary sessions focused on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases; concluding that the adherence to a Mediterranean Diet can improve our life quality and also prevents development of these aforementioned diseases.

The debate sessions focused on the effect of some foods on health and disease, the first debate focused on cooking with vegetable oils and the second debate addressed the risks and benefits of consuming fish. An important hot topic which appeared in many of the plenary sessions was the recent published results of the PREDIMED study. The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine last February 2013. The PREDIMED trial concluded that the risk of cardiovascular events was reduced by about 30% in those The past 20-21 of May was held in Reus, Spain the first World participants who followed a Mediterranean Diet enriched with Forum for Nutrition Research Conference (WFNRC). The extra virgin olive oil or nuts compared to a low fat diet. After conference emerged as the meeting point of three major the great success of the WFNRC, a second edition on a near events occurring in Spain in 2013: The International future will be planned.

Congress of Nutrition (in Granada), the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress (in Barcelona) and the International Congress on Mediterranean Diet (in Barcelona). The first edition of this international conference has been a great success and many distinguished scientists working in the field of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Industry attended.

About 450 participants from 52 countries made the conference a truly international event, giving the opportunity to participants to share and contrast opinions and views of nutrition research in relation to the Mediterranean food of the different parts of the world.

About 18 plenary sessions were held during these two days, 15 interesting oral communications were presented and 190 posters were exposed in the main Congress Hall of the Palace of Congresses of Reus. Five of these sessions were related to the healthy properties of tree nut consumption.

The great environment of the conference made possible the exchange of ideas and research projects and maybe these interactions can lead to future collaborations between scientists. All the plenary sessions were of really high quality and showed novel results of several scientific projects. Also, the conference allowed participants to

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INC woRld foRum foR NutRItIoN ReseaRCh aNd dIssemINatIoN

a typICal medIteRRaNeaN dIet supplemeNted wIth Nuts ReduCes the INCIdeNCe of majoR CaRdIovasCulaR eveNts aNd moRtalIty By 28%

The New England Journal of Medicine published on February 2013 the results of the five-year randomized nutritional clinical trial PREDIMED. With over 7,400 participants, the study showed that the risk of cardiovascular events was reduced by 30 and 28 percent in people following a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil, and nuts -almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts- respectively.

PREDIMED is a long term study undertaken by 16 research groups in seven communities in Spain, from 2003 until 2011, to analyze the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects at high risk. • The incidence of major cardiovascular events and mortality would be lower for someone who eats a Mediterranean diet supplemented with a handful of nuts a day compared to someone consuming a low-fat diet. • Weight gain was not linked to the nuts-supplemented diet.

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INC woRld foRum foR NutRItIoN ReseaRCh aNd dIssemINatIoN

Professor Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Chairman of the INC World Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination, Chair of Human Nutrition at Rovira i Virgili University, Spain, and PREDIMED study collaborator, said: “For the first time, a scientific study has tested this dietary pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events, showing that the incidence of major cardiovascular events and mortality would be lower for someone who eats a Mediterranean diet supplemented with a handful of nuts a day compared to someone consuming a low-fat diet.”

PREDIMED presents undeniable data: cardiovascular health depends on the sort of fat, not on the level of fats, emphasizing plant based sources of “good” fats such as nuts. Because of this, nutritional recommendations should be reviewed accordingly.

The study was led by Dr. Ramon Estruch from the Clinical Hospital of Barcelona and the team of researchers included reputed scientists in the field of health and nut consumption such as Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó (Rovira i Virgili University), Prof. Miguel A. Martínez-González (University of Navarra), Dr. Emilio Ros (Clinical Hospital of Barcelona) and Dr. Maribel Covas (IMIM, Barcelona), all from different parts of Spain, and belonging to the CIBERobn.

He added: “The main message from this analysis is that people who consume healthy plant based fats from mixed nuts and extra-virgin olive oil have a lower risk of coronary events and mortality by cardiovascular diseases.

Nutritional recommendations should be reviewed accordingly for the future”.

The study “Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with Mediterranean diets: the PREDIMED trial” was published in the February 2013 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. NEJM is one of the world’s leading medical journals. It is owned and published by the Massachusetts Medical Society, and its most recent impact factor was 53.

pRedImed In a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 7,447 participants (55 to 80 years old; women, 57%) at high risk of cardiovascular disease, but no cardiovascular disease at enrolment, were randomized to one of three diets: 1) Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil; 2) Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or 3) a low-fat control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). Participants received quarterly individual and group educational sessions and, depending on group assignment, free provisions of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts), or small non-food gifts. The primary end point was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death).

The two Mediterranean diet groups achieved good adherence to the intervention based on self-reported intakes and blood biomarker measurements. The results of an interim analysis prompted stopping the trial after a median follow-up of 4.8 years.

A major cardiovascular event occurred in 288 participants. Individuals in the Mediterranean diet with virgin olive oil group (96 events) and in the Mediterranean diet with nuts group (83 events) had respectively a 30% and 28% less cardiovascular events and mortality than those in the control low-fat diet; versus the control group (109 events).

No diet-related adverse effects or weight gain were reported during the trial.

The study report is available here:

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NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION

By Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D. INC NREF Executive Director

More good news on nuts…

In April 2013, 14 new abstracts on nuts and health were highlighted at the Experimental Biology meeting in Boston, Massachusetts (see below). INC NREF distributed a press release (see sidebar) about its three abstracts that were presented at the meeting. To date the publicity efforts have resulted in media reports in India, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and United States, with a total circulation of over eight million.

TREE NUT CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER DIET, LOWER BODY WEIGHT MEASURES AND LOWER PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

New Findings on Tree Nuts and Health Three new studies involving tree nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts) were presented recently at the Experimental Biology Meeting in Boston, MA. Tree nut consumption was associated with a better nutrient profile and diet quality; lower body weight and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome; and a decrease in several cardiovascular risk factors compared to those seen among non-consumers.

First, the Adventist Health Study looked at the effect of nut intake on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population with a wide range of nut intake ranging from never to daily. Researchers at Loma Linda University studied 803 adults using a validated food frequency questionnaire and assessed both tree nut and peanut intake together and separately. “Our results showed that one serving (28g or 1 ounce) of tree nuts per week was significantly associated with 7% less MetS,” stated lead researcher Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, DrPH. “Interestingly, while overall nut consumption was associated with lower prevalence of MetS, tree nuts specifically appear to provide beneficial effects on MetS, independent of demographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors.”

The second study looked at 14,386 adults participating in the 20052010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Intake was from 24-hour recall data and tree nut consumers were defined as those who consumed more than ¼ ounce of tree nuts (average consumption was about an ounce/day). As seen in previous research, tree nut consumers had higher daily intakes of calories (2468 v 2127 calories) and nutrients of concern: fiber (21v 16 grams [g]); potassium (3028 v 2691 milligrams [mg]); magnesium (408 v 292 mg); monounsaturated fats (36 v 29 g), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (21 v 17 g), but lower intakes of added sugars (15 v 18

teaspoons), saturated fats (25 v 27g), and sodium (3197 v 3570 mg) than non-consumers. Tree nut consumers also had lower weight (80 v 82 kg; p=0.0049), BMI (28v 29; p<0.0001), and waist circumference (96 v 98 cm; p=0.0006) than non-consumers. In addition, those who consumed tree nuts had lower systolic blood pressure (120 v 122 mmHg; p=0.0120) and higher HDL-cholesterol (the good kind) (55 v 53 mg/ dL; p=0.0020). On a population basis, these reduced risk factors could lead to better health. “Consumption of tree nuts should be encouraged to improve diet quality, nutrient intake, weight status, and some cardiovascular risk factors,” according to Carol O’Neil, PhD, MPH, RD, lead author on the paper and Professor at Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.

Finally, a third study looked at several markers for cardiovascular disease risk. In 2011, researchers from the University of Toronto and St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Canada, published the largest study to date on nuts and diabetes ( Jenkins, D.J.A., et al., 2011. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet. Diabetes Care.

34(8):1706-11.), showing that approximately two ounces of nuts a day, as a replacement for carbohydrate foods, can improve glycemic control and blood lipids in those with type 2 diabetes. The researchers looked at the effects of nuts on various cardiovascular markers. “We found that nut consumption was associated with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (the good fats) in the blood, which was correlated with a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (the bad kind), blood pressure, 10-year coronary heart disease risk, HbA1c (a marker of blood sugar control over the previous three months) and fasting blood glucose,” explained Cyril Kendall, Ph.D., of the University of Toronto.

“Nut consumption was also found to increase LDL particle size, which is less damaging when it comes to heart disease risk.” According to Dr. Kendall, this study found additional ways in which nut consumption may improve overall cardiovascular health.

“These three new studies, independent of one another, support the growing body of evidence showing that consuming nuts can improve your health,” states Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D., Executive Director of the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation (INC NREF). “In 2003, FDA (in its qualified health claim for nuts and heart disease) recommended that people eat 1.5 ounces of nuts per day—well above current consumption levels—so we need to encourage people to grab a handful of nuts every day.”

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NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION Story Continued from Page 87

EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY PRESENTATIONS APRIL 20-24, 2013, BOSTON, MA

Nut intake and risk of metabolic syndrome.

Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Keiji Oda, Claire St John1, Joan Sabaté. Department of Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA

Studies of nut intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk are sparse. We examined the relationship between nut consumption and MetS in the Adventist Health Study, a population with a wide range of nut intake ranging from never to daily. The analytic sample included 747 adults with complete demographic, diet, anthropometric, and clinical data. MetS was defined according to the AHA/NHLBI diagnostic criteria. Diet was assessed by a 204-item FFQ (validated against 24-hr diet recalls) including 8 items on nuts. Validity correlations were moderate for tree nuts and low to moderate for peanuts and peanut butter. Intake of tree nuts (T), peanuts + peanut butter (P), and total nuts (T+P) was quantified and categorized. Odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. 35% of subjects had MetS. Total and tree nuts had an inverse association with MetS. Individuals with high total nuts intake (>3 servings/week) had 34% less MetS than individuals with low intake (<1 serving/week) (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99). Consumption of 1/day of tree nuts was associated with 20% lower odds of MetS (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99). Consumption of peanuts was not related to MetS. In a population with high range of nut intake, consumption of total and tree nuts but not peanuts is associated with lower MetS. This association is independent of demographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors.

Epidemiological Research Addressing Diet and Health Outcomes II

Effect of Nuts on CHD Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

Carol E. O’Neil, Theresa A. Nicklas, and Victor L. Fulgoni, III. LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808;Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX; Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI.

Cyril WC Kendall, Livia SA Augustin, Bala Bashyam, Stephanie Nishi, David JA Jenkins

NHANES data (2005-2010) were used to assess the association of tree nut consumption by adults with diet quality, select nutrient intake, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Covariate adjusted least square means ± SE were determined. Diet quality was determined by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. HEI was higher in tree nut consumers than in non consumers. Tree nut consumers had higher daily intakes of energy and nutrients of concern: fiber; potassium; magnesium; MUFA, and PUFA, but lower intakes of added sugars , SFA, and sodium than non-consumers. Tree nut consumers had lower weight, BMI , and waist circumference than non-consumers. Tree nut consumers also had lower systolic blood pressure , higher HDLcholesterol , and lower HOMA-IR . Consumption of tree nuts should be encouraged to improve diet quality, nutrient intake, weight status, and some CVRF.

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Nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In a recently completed clinical study we found that nut consumption significantly improved glycemic control and blood lipid risk factors for CHD compared to a healthy control.

Objectives: To determine if tree nuts improve other markers of cardiovascular risk including serum fatty acid profile, LDL particle size, clotting factors and markers of oxidative stress. Methods: 117 subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a 3-month parallel design study. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatments: 1) Test (Full Dose Nut Diet): Test (Half Dose Nut Diet): half-dose of nuts and half-dose of control muffin; and 3) Control: whole wheat muffins matched with energy content of nut supplements. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 for markers of glycemic control and CHD risk factors. Results: Compared to the control, the full dose nut supplement significantly lowered HbA1c . Data on other markers of cardiovascular risk will be presented.

NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION

ALMONDS: Daily almond consumption (1.5 oz.) decreases non-HDL and remnant lipoproteins in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals C.E. Berryman, S.G. West, P.L. Bordi, J.A. Fleming, P.M. Kris-Etherton, Departments of Nutr. Sci., Biobehavioral Health, Hospitality Management, Center for Food Innovation, Penn. State Univ., University Park, PA, USA

Almonds independently improve total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apo B, and apo A1, but their effects on emerging lipid risk factors are less well-known.

A randomized, 2-period (6 wk/period), crossover, controlled-feeding study was designed to investigate the effects of 1.5 oz./d almonds vs. a caloriematched, high CHO snack on CVD risk factors.

Differences in nutrient profiles of the control and almond diets were due to specific nutrients inherent to each snack and did not differ in saturated fat (~7%) or cholesterol (~110 mg/d). Subjects (n=53) were generally healthy adults (BMI 20-35 m/kg2) with elevated LDL-C (50-95th percentile).

Both diets decreased non-HDL cholesterol; however, there was a greater decrease with ALD vs. CON . The diets had significantly different effects on remnant lipoproteins but neither changed from baseline. Both diets reduced LDL1, LDL2, and LDL3, though there was a greater LDL2 reduction with CON vs. ALD. Almond consumption improves atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses, demonstrating cardiovascular risk reduction beyond established risk factors.

Effects of polyphenolicrich dark chocolate/ cocoa and almonds on established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors: study design C.E. Berryman, S.G. West, C-Y.O. Chen, J.B. Blumberg, J.A. Fleming, A.G. Preston, D.L. Miller, P.M. Kris-Etherton; Depts. of Nutr.

Sci., Biobehavioral Health, Penn. State Univ., University Park, PA; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Hershey Center for Health & Nutrition, the Hershey Company, PA

Almonds are recognized for their cholesterollowering effects and polyphenolic-rich dark chocolate/cocoa for blood pressure and vascular health benefits. This research seeks to evaluate the individual, additive, and synergistic effects of almonds and/or dark chocolate/cocoa on CVD risk. A randomized, 4-period, crossover controlled feeding study was designed to compare the effects of a healthy American diet to three diets incorporating almonds, dark chocolate/cocoa, or both. The study population will be 40 men and women (BMI 26-35 m/kg2) with LDL-C in the 25-95th percentile. We hypothesize that the almond, dark chocolate/cocoa, and almond + dark chocolate/cocoa diets will improve CVD risk factors compared to the control diet; however, the greatest improvements will be observed with the almond + dark chocolate/cocoa diet on the basis of lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, vascular function, inflammatory response, and (anti) oxidant status.

Dietary Bioactive Components of Medicinal, Functional and Whole Foods (Including Probiotics and Fermented Foods): Identification of resveratrol-3-β-glucoside in California almond varieties.

L. Xie, B.W. Bolling, Dept. of Nutr. Sci., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT

Stilbenes have been identified in grapes, blueberries, peanuts and pistachios, but little is known about its abundance in other polyphenolrich foods, such as almonds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen Nonpareil, Butte and Carmel almond varieties from California for the presence of stilbenes . Stilbenes were determined in ethanolic almond extracts by UPLC-MS. Instrument conditions were optimized for quantitation of polydatin, piceatannol, resveratrol, pterostilbene, and oxyresveratrol.

Polydatin, resveratrol-3-β-glucoside, was identified in almond extracts, with mean contents of 7.19, 8.52 and 7.44 Οg/100 g almond in Nonpareil, Butte and Carmel, varieties respectively. Among all varieties, polydatin was concentrated in almond skins, which accounted for 95.6-97.5% of total almond polydatin content.

Other stilbenes were not detected in almond extracts. Therefore, almonds contain stilbenes in addition to the previously identified polyphenol classes of proanthocyanidins, hydrolyzable tannins, flavonols, and phenolic acids.

Almond consumption reduces diastolic blood pressure in men with type 2 diabetes

Investigating the Effects of 12 Week Almond Consumption in Type 2 Diabetes

K.N. Petersen, K. Ricklefs, S.S. Alanbagy, C.S. Johnston, K.L. Sweazea.

School of Nutr. and Health Promotion, Arizona State Univ., Phoenix, AZ

K. Ricklefs, K. Petersen, S. Alanbagy, C.S. Johnston, K.L. Sweazea, School of Nutr. and Health Promotion, Arizona State Univ., Phoenix, AZ

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects approximately 7.3% of Americans, leading to debilitating and life-threatening comorbidities. Estrogen and testosterone concentrations have been linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as glucose and insulin concentrations. The phytoestrogen content of almonds may lead to estrogenic activity. The present study will investigate the link between sex hormone concentrations and phytoestrogen exposure related to daily almond ingestion among subjects with T2D. Subjects were randomized to an intervention group, which received 1.5 oz. almonds daily for 12 weeks or to the control group, which maintained their current diet. In addition to hormone measurements, change in diabetic and cardiovascular biomarkers will be examined. To date, 12 participants have completed the intervention, 5 almond and 7 controls. Preliminary results suggest that gender may impact the change in biomarkers. In men only, a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure was observed for the almond group versus controls. Although not statistically significant, almond ingestion appears to favorably impact hemoglobin A1c in women but not men. Enrollment continues in the trial through March 2013. This trial will provide further evidence regarding the efficacy of daily almond ingestion for managing the diabetic condition.

The national cost of diabetes exceeds $174 billion each year. Heart disease and stroke are the primary causes of death and disability among people with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this ongoing 12-week randomized, parallelarm controlled feeding trial is to determine if the addition of almonds (1.5 oz/d) to a normal diet will result in significant improvements in diabetic and cardiovascular risk markers in subjects with T2D who are not currently taking insulin compared to matched controls who were instructed to maintain their normal eating patterns. To date, twelve participants have completed the trial (5 almond and 7 controls). Although the change in biomarkers are not significantly different between groups at this point in the trial, change in biomarkers were favorable for the almond vs. controls for hemoglobin A1c , diastolic blood pressure , and waist circumference .

Enrollment continues in the trial through March 2013. Previous studies from our labs have shown almonds to promote a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and improvements in anthropometric indices in individuals with T2D. This trial will provide further evidence regarding the efficacy of daily almond ingestion for managing the diabetic condition.

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NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION Story Continued from Page 89

PISTACHIOS A Moderate-Fat Diet with Pistachios Lowers Small-Dense LDL and Improves Markers of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Moderately-Elevated Cholesterol Levels Simone Holligan, Sheila West, Sarah Gebauer, Colin Kay, Penny KrisEtherton. Nutritional Sciences, Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 3USDA Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 4Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

We evaluated the dose-response effects of pistachios over 4 weeks, on markers of insulin sensitivity in individuals (N=28) with moderately elevated LDL-C (> 110 mg/dl). Three test diets (SFA â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 8%; cholesterol < 300 mg/dl) were fed in this crossover study: control (25% total fat); 10% of energy from pistachios; or 20% of energy from pistachios. A Western run-in diet (35% total fat, 11% SFA) was fed for 2 weeks; subjects had a mean BMI of 26.8 Âą 0.7 kg/m2and were weight stable while on the study. There was a significant diet effect on small-dense LDL (sdLDL) levels; sdLDL decreased on the 2PD versus the 1PD and the 2PD versus control. There also was a significant diet effect for the TG/HDL-C ratio, with a significant reduction on the 2PD versus control. Reductions in sdLDL levels were significantly correlated with reductions in TG levels ; changes were calculated as the difference between baseline and post 2PD treatment. There were no significant diet effects for HDL-C levels when comparing the pistachio diets to control, but there were trends for diet effects on increasing levels of functional Îą-1 and Îą-2 HDL particles. Pistachio inclusion in a moderatefat diet (â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 35%) favorably affects insulin sensitivity and contributes to a beneficial cardio-metabolic profile.

Effect of Pistachios on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Glucose Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Katherine A Sauder1, Cindy E McCrea1, Penny M Kris-Etherton2, Jan S Ulbrecht1, Sheila G West1,2. 1Biobehavioral Health, 2Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

Controlling blood sugar and dyslipidemia in diabetes is important for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study compared the effect of two diets on lipids, lipoproteins, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. We enrolled 28 adults with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study with 4wk diet periods.

After a 2 wk run-in on a typical Western diet, participants consumed a low fat control diet and an isocaloric moderate fat pistachio diet, in which pistachios contributed 20% of energy. At the end of each diet period, we assessed lipid and glycemic parameters while fasted and during a standard 75g oral glucose tolerance test. Compared to baseline, the control diet increased fasting triglycerides and the total:HDL cholesterol ratio, but these parameters were unaffected by the pistachio diet; this differential response was statistically significant. Glucose and insulin levels were not affected by the diets; however, glycated hemoglobin was reduced from baseline following both diets, with significantly larger reductions following the pistachio diet than the control diet. Taken together with other recent studies, these results provide evidence that pistachio consumption can benefit insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes.

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NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION Story Continued from Page 91

WALNUTS What Comes First: The Food or the Nutrient?

Presentation Titles and Speakers •

Food Synergy: The Key to Balancing the Nutrition Research Effort; David R. Jacobs, Jr.Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

•

Diabetes and Diet: Connecting the Dots; David L. Katz, MD, MPH, FACPM, FACP, Yale University Prevention Research Center, Integrative Medicine Center at Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT

•

Whole Foods or their Bioactive Components? Potential of Walnuts in Cancer Prevention and Treatment; W. Elaine Hardman, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Byrd Biotechnology Science Center, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV

•

Holding on to Cognitive Function through Nutrition; Barbara Shukitt-Hale, PhD, Neuroscience Lab USDA, HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA

•

Vascular Health and Walnuts: Decreasing Chronic Disease Risk via Multiple Mechanisms; Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, College Park, PA

Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by an Extract Created from California Walnuts in MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and HeLa Cells

Defining walnuts’ inhibition of prostate cancer growth in TRAMP mice

Brandon White, Anh Pham, Vy Le, John Kim, and Roy K. Okuda.

Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, San José State University, San José, CA 95192.

Dietary changes potentially reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. Based on the tumor response to 100g of fat/kg diets matched: whole walnuts, B-a fat blend matching walnut fatty acid profile and C-walnut oil from same walnuts. Fasted plasma glucose, prostate obtained, weighed and frozen. Plasma TG, lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma multianalyte (Rat MetabolicMAP), prostate tissue metabolites and mRNA were analyzed. Prostate tumor size decreased in both A and C compared to B. Plasma IGF1 and LDL cholesterol decreased in A and Cvs.B while most plasma results were unchanged. GUI showed 16 and 95 metabolite level changes in A and C respectively with 9 shared compared to B. mRNA changes in A and C versus B, with 17 shared in A&C . Walnut oil associated, non fatty acid component(s) decreased plasma IGF-1.

Walnuts contain components that may slow cancer growth including omega 3 fatty acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, carotenoids, and melatonin. Previous reports have shown that feeding mice a diet that contains walnuts was able to inhibit growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancers implanted in nude mice. However, the compounds which elicit this action have yet to be elucidated. We have conducted a pilot to begin characterization compounds isolated from walnuts and their ability to kill cancer cells. A methanol extract was prepared from the kernel of walnuts, solvent evaporated and the powder was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 100mg/ml and was used in subsequent assays. The extract induced cell death as measured by the trypan blue exclusion assay in a dose and time dependent manner. Mitochondrial outer membrane potential decreased rapidly with treatment.

Phosphatidyl serine flipping increased in a dose-dependent manner.

Our results suggest that compounds isolated from walnuts are capable of inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. Current studies are underway to identify the specific components of the methanol extract which are responsible for these activities.

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Paul Andrew Davis, Hyunsook Kim, Wallace Yokoyama, Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, CA, Western Regional Research Center, USDA, Albany, CA

NEWS FROM THE NUTRITION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION HSCCC isolation and characterization of walnut polyphenols with antioxidative and lipolytic activity Mary H. Grace, Scott A. Neff, Charles Warlick, Elaria Ayoub, Debora Esposito, Mickey Wilson, Slavko Komarnytsky, Mary Ann Lila: Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC

In order to characterize the structures, biological activity, and mechanisms of action for walnut constituents, the key phytochemicals must be isolated in sufficient quantities. The objective of this research was to establish a method for rapid separation of walnut polyphenols which preserves structural integrity and yields high quantities and purities. A robust HSCCC method was developed to fractionate ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. This method efficiently yielded gallic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, casuarictin, pedunculagin, tellimagrindin I, 2,3-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-glucopyranoside , strictinin, and α-hydrojuglone 4-glucoside in 1 to 2 runs, and allowed us to test the ability of these walnut components to inhibit LPS-induced ROS in human neuroblastoma cells and reduce lipid accumulation in mouse adipocytes (3T3-L1). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, as well as isolated ellagitannins, decreased ROS generation in SH-SY5Y cells.

Additionally, the 2,3-HHDP-glc decreased lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in 14% reduction of intracellular fat at 90 μM after 24 h of treatment. Treatment with 2,3-HHDP-glc increased basal oxygen consumption rate by 24.9% but had no effect on extracellular acidification rate, suggesting that it decreased lipid content of adipocytes by stimulating mitochondrial respiration.

Effects of Walnuts on Vascular Function and Platelet Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia Sun Jung Yim, Dragana Djurica, Roberta R Holt, Carl L Keen, Robert M Hackman. Departments of Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA

Walnuts contain a number of phenolic acids, polyphenols and lipids that may benefit cardiovascular health. We examined the effects of acute (4 hours) and short-term (4 weeks) walnut intake on select cardiovascular outcome measures. Thirty-six hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 5 or 40 g of walnuts daily for 4 weeks in a parallel-arm design. Outcomes were measured after an overnight fast, and 4 hours after walnut intake on the first day of the study and after 4 weeks included microvascular function as assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry, platelet function, and serum lipids. Data are presented as mean ± SD. No significant changes in PAT were noted after 5 g of walnut intake. However, 40 g of walnut intake for 4 weeks was associated with an increased PAT response after an overnight fast. An increase in PAT was also observed 4 hours after 40 g of walnut intake on V1, but not on V2.

LDL concentrations were decreased 4 weeks after 40 g/day of walnut intake.

No significant changes were found in platelet function or other lipids in either group. The results suggest that the chronic consumption of 40 g of walnuts can result in positive vascular effects.

For more information please contact Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D., at maureen.ternus@nuthealth.org

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Research Says Adding Nuts is a Healthy Choice According to reports in the April, 2013 edition of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers combined data from 31 trials conducted across the globe and found that on average, there was very little difference in changes in weight or waist measurements between people who were put on a normal or nut-supplemented diet. "Most of the nut-enriched studies don't show that patients gain a significant amount of weight, in contrast to what one might think," said Dr. David Bleich, head of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in Newark.

Gemma Flores-Mateo from the Institut Universitari d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol in Tarragona, Spain and colleagues said previous research has tied nut-containing diets to a lower risk of death, diabetes and high blood pressure.

Bleich, who wasn't involved in the new report, said his own work has shown measures of insulin resistance - a diabetes predictor - were lower when people added nuts to their diets. "One would generally think if you're increasing the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fat content' of the diet, you might in fact make insulin resistance worse," he said. "It speaks to this issue of the quality of the fats that we consume."

Nuts may also suppress hunger because of their unsaturated fats, fiber and protein, the researchers noted. In the trials they looked at, participants were randomly assigned to a normal diet or one that included extra nuts - or, more often, nuts substituted for other food items - and followed for anywhere from two weeks to five years. At the end of follow-up, people on nut diets had dropped about 1.4 extra pounds and lost close to half an inch off their waists, compared to those in the nut-free groups. However, the differences could have been due to chance.

"Although the magnitude of these effects was modest, the results allay the fear that nut consumption may promote obesity," Flores-Mateo's team wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

"Our findings support the inclusion of nuts in healthy diets for cardiovascular prevention."

However it's not simply a matter of "throwing additional nuts into your already poor-quality diet," Bleich said. He said heart protection comes from looking at a fuller picture of the diet - and adding fruits, vegetables and olive oil, for example, in addition to nuts.

Dr. Adam Gilden Tsai, an obesity researcher from the University of Colorado in Denver, said he wouldn't recommend people eat nuts on top of their normal diet, but that substituting them for other foods may lead to some benefits, such as on cholesterol levels.

"It's fine to eat nuts if you can still limit your calories," Tsai said. But he cautioned that it can be hard for people to eat just one serving. "Normally what I would say to a patient is, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A small handful of nuts can be a very good and filling snack, but you have to be very careful because it's high in calories.'"

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Nutrition Research update

Food, Skin Allergies on the Rise Among Children The number of American children who suffer from food and skin allergies has increased dramatically in recent years, a new government report shows.

Interestingly, the prevalence of food and respiratory allergies rose with income: Children living in families that made more than 200 percent of the poverty level had the highest rates, the statistics showed.

"The prevalence of food and skin allergies both increased over the past 14 years," said report co-author LaJeana Howie, from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), part of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "This has been a consistent trend."

With food allergies, the overall rate went from 3.4 percent in 1997 to 5.1 percent in 2011. With skin allergies, the overall rate increased from 7.4 percent in 1997 to 12.5 percent in 2011. The prevalence of respiratory allergies remained constant, at 17 percent, between 1997 and 2011, although it remained the most common type of allergy affecting children, according to the NCHS report published in May, 2013.

Pediatric allergists noted that they have been seeing the trend in their own practices. Dr. Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo, director of allergy and immunology at Miami Children's Hospital, said: "We are certainly seeing increases in food and skin allergy in pediatric patients."

However, why these allergies are on the rise remains a mystery, another expert pointed out. "We do not know why there has been an increase, but the theories include the 'hygiene hypothesis'; that reduced infection and reduced exposure to germs has left our immune systems 'looking for a fight' and attacking innocent proteins," explained Dr. Scott Sicherer, chief of the division of pediatric allergy and immunology at the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.

In addition, there are theories about insufficient vitamin D, unhealthy fats in the diet, the obesity epidemic and processed food, none of which have been confirmed with hard science, he noted. These increases are real, Sicherer added. "They speak to a need for more research toward prevention and cures," he said. "We and others are undertaking studies to try to better understand the risk factors and opportunities for prevention, while aggressively doing research on multiple means to treat those with food allergies," Sicherer said.

Racial differences did emerge in the data. The researchers found Hispanic children had the lowest prevalence of food, skin and respiratory allergies, compared with other groups. And black children were more likely to have skin allergies than white children (17.4 percent versus 12 percent, respectively), but less likely to have respiratory allergies (15.6 percent versus 19.1 percent, respectively).

Age also was a factor in the prevalence of skin and respiratory allergies, the report noted. With skin allergies, the rate dropped with age: 14.2 percent of those aged 4 and younger had them, while 13.1 percent of those aged 5 to 9, and 10.9 percent of those aged 10 to 17 had them. The opposite was true for respiratory allergies: 10.8 percent of those aged 4 and younger had them, while 17.4 percent of those aged 5 to 9 and 20.8 percent of those aged 10 to 17 had them.

Among families making less than 100 percent of poverty level, 4.4 percent of those children had food allergies and 14.9 percent had respiratory allergies. Among families making more than 200 percent of poverty level, 5.4 percent of those children had food allergies and 18.3 percent had respiratory allergies.

John Lehr, CEO of Food Allergy Research & Education, added that the report "confirms what we have already known, which is that millions of children are affected by food allergies, and this potentially deadly disease is a serious and growing public health concern. The CDC's report reinforces the need for education and awareness about food allergies across the country."

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Nutrition Research update

No Weight Gain, Positive Heart News Revealed in Hazelnut Study A recent study to determine the effect of daily consumption of hazelnuts on heart health via the analysis of lipids and lipoproteins has demonstrated a positive outcome consistent with other nutrelated epidemiologic and clinical studies. This study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology, demonstrated that substitution of hazelnuts for 18 to 20 percent of the total daily energy intake had multiple, potent antiatherogenic effects. A slight weight loss was observed in the hazelnut intervention period with isocaloric diets.

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels were improved as a result of hazelnutenriched diet. According to an extensive pooled analysis described by Dr. Joan Sabate et al. Most of the previous studies are related to almond, walnut, peanut, and pistachio.

Observed changes in lipids and lipoproteins in the present study are in line with earlier studies related to other nuts. There are a few studies related to hazelnut consumption in humans

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where similar changes in lipids and lipoproteins were observed in healthy volunteers.

Body weight and body mass index in hazelnutenriched diet showed a significant change when compared with control diet I (22.3percent and 22.02percent, respectively). TC, LDL-C, TAG, and apo B/apo AI ratio in hazelnut-enriched diet period were significantly lower than control diet I and control diet II, while HDL-C

and apo AI were greater. A significant decrease in ox-LDL level during hazelnut enriched diet period was observed. Ox-LDL showed positive correlations with LDL-cholesterol and apo B. No changes were observed in lipoprotein levels among the three periods. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR index showed slight improvement, but these changes did not reach statistical significance during consumption period of hazelnut-enriched diet.

Nutrition Research update

World’s Largest Food Allergen Study According to Food Safety Monitor, the world’s largest study of food allergies launched at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom and will examine ways to reduce cross-contamination with allergens in manufacturing. The study will include experts from the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia and the United States. The study was prompted by a lack of evidence to either prevent food allergy from developing or protect those who already have allergies.

The study is referred to as The Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management sponsored by the European Commission.

It will produce a standardized management process for companies involved in food manufacturing and will develop tools designed to enforce those regulations and produce recommendations for pregnant women, babies and allergy suffers. The team from Manchester will work with 38 partners, including industrial stakeholders (Unilever and Eurofins), patient groups and a risk manager and assessor group, including the U.K. Food Standards Agency.

“This is a massive research project that will have far-reaching consequences for consumers and food producers,” said Clare Mills, head of the study and professor at the Allergy and Respiratory Center at the University of Manchester’s Institute of Inflammation and Repair. “The evidence base and tools that result from this will support more transparent precautionary ‘may contain’ labeling of allergens in foods that will make life easier for allergy sufferers as they try to avoid problem foods.”

One of the goals of the study is to help manage food allergens that accidentally become mixed with foods that would otherwise be allergenfree through the use of common processing equipment. New risk models will be developed to support the management of these allergens and to reduce the use of “may contain” labels.

The research also will look at how to measure allergens in food to allow for validation and monitoring of allergen management plans.

Additionally, researchers will seek to discover who is more likely to have a severe reaction, identify if early introduction of allergens and other nutritional factors may help protect these individuals from developing allergies later in life. The research is expected to take three years to complete and cost about $11.5 million, building on an earlier $18.3 million study.

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Nutrition Research update

Unrestricted Mediterranean diets beat low-fat advice for primary CVD prevention A Mediterranean diet supplemented with either extra virgin olive oil or mixed nuts may cut the risk of cardiovascular events by as much as 30% in subjects at high risk of developing heart disease, as compared with people advised to eat a reduced-fat diet. Those are the key findings from the randomized controlled PREDIMED primary-prevention trial. The Mediterranean diet already reigns in secondary prevention of CV events.

PREDIMED, which looked at diet effects on hard clinical end points establishes an important role for this dietary eating pattern in primary prevention.

"These results support the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for CV risk reduction [and] are particularly relevant given the challenges of achieving and maintaining weight loss," investigators write in a paper published in advance of the presentation in the New England Journal of Medicine. PREDIMED was led by Dr Ramón Estruch (Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain) and Dr Miguel Angel Martínez-González (Clinical Universidad de Navaraa, Pamplona, Spain).

Dr Marc Gillinov (Cleveland Clinic, OH), who was not involved in the study, pointed out that there are very few studies of any diets that are rigorously designed and that address hard clinical outcomes. "This randomized controlled trial is by far the best in class when it comes to dietary studies. We should take its results seriously: if you have risk factors for cardiovascular disease— and the majority of adult Americans do—your best bet is to follow a Mediterranean diet."

PREDIMED: Oil and nuts over fat restriction PREDIMED enrolled 7447 men and women ranging in age from 55 to 80 years, none of whom had established cardiovascular disease but who were at high CV risk. Subjects were randomized to one of two Mediterranean diet groups (one supplemented with olive oil, the other with nuts) or to a control diet wherein subjects were advised to try to reduce dietary fat.

Patients in the Mediterranean-diet groups were invited to regular dietary training sessions; by contrast, those in the control group were, for the first three years, sent leaflets explaining a low-fat diet. After a protocol amendment at the three-year mark, low-fat-diet patients were also invited to regular group sessions and offered personalized advice at the same level of intensity as the Mediterranean groups.

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Nutrition Research update The study was stopped when an interim analysis at 4.8 years revealed a clear signal of benefit among subjects eating the Mediterranean diets. In the olive-oil and mixed-nut Mediterranean diet groups, the primary end point (MI, stroke, or CV death) was reduced by 30% and 28% respectively, as compared with the control group.

Study dropouts, meanwhile, were twice as common in the control diet group as in the Mediterranean diet group (11.3% vs 4.9%). "Favorable trends" were seen for both stroke and MI rates among subjects eating the Mediterranean diet, but numbers were too low to be relevant statistically. A total of 288 subjects experienced an event in the study: 96 events in the olive-oil group, 83 in the nut group, and 109 in the control group. Of special note, subjects randomized to the Mediterranean diets were not told to reduce calories, a major barrier to success in many dietary interventions, particularly the long-supported "low-fat" approach.

Good fat and bad Estruch said the importance of differentiating between different types of fat "Animal fat should be avoided," whereas "vegetal fats—extra virgin olive oil and nuts—should be recommended [within] a healthy food pattern such as the Mediterranean diet."

Estruch stressed the importance of education about the diet: "People should know that the Mediterranean diet is a diet healthier than others and should know the key components of this food pattern. The plan should be to increase the intake of the key foods (vegetables, fruit, nuts, fish, legumes, extra virgin olive oil, and red wine in moderation), also increase the intake of white meat, and decrease the intake of red and processed meat, soda drinks, whole dairy products, commercial bakery goods, and sweets and pastries."

He continued: "To achieve a score of 14 in the 14-item adherence scale to traditional Mediterranean diet [laid out in a supplemental appendix in the paper] is more or less impossible, but to upgrade two to three points in this score is enough to reduce your cardiovascular risk by 30%."

Gillinov, in turn, pointed out that there are no data of a similar quality supporting a low-fat diet, although these have long been promoted by physicians and professional medical groups.

"The Mediterranean diet contains moderate quantities of fat, and it clearly wins in this trial of primary prevention," he said.

Dr Steven Nissen, also of the Cleveland Clinic, was even more effusive, calling PREDIMED "a spectacular study that was extremely difficult to perform."

"The findings are compelling and should alter the dietary advice we give patients. The currently popular ultralow-fat diets . . . are clearly not best for patients," he said. "The standard AHArecommended diet should be modified to reflect these findings: fat is not the problem with the American diet, we just eat the wrong types of fats."

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Nutrition Research update

Magnesium-Rich Almonds Cited in Bone Density Study Magnesium may be as crucial to children's bone health as calcium, according to a small, early study. While it's known that magnesium is important for adults' bone health, few studies have examined the nutrient's role in children's bones. This study found a significant association between magnesium intake and absorption, and bone density in children.

"Lots of nutrients are key for children to have healthy bones. One of these appears to be magnesium," lead author Dr. Steven Abrams, a professor of pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, said in an American Academy of Pediatrics news release. "Calcium is important, but, except for those children and adolescents with very low intakes, may not be more important than magnesium."

content or density. The study was presented this past week at the annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies, in Washington, D.C. The data and conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

The study included 63 healthy children, aged 4 to 8, who were not taking any multivitamins or minerals. Information about the children's eating habits was collected to determine their calcium and magnesium intake, and their calcium and magnesium levels were measured on two occasions.

"We believe it is important for children to have a balanced, healthy diet with good sources of minerals, including both calcium and magnesium," Abrams concluded. Foods with high levels of magnesium include salmon and almonds.

The researchers found that the amounts of magnesium consumed and absorbed were key predictors of how much bone the children had, but calcium intake was not significantly associated with total bone mineral

The study found an association between magnesium levels and bone density in children, but it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

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