JANUARY 2015 • Vol. 21 No. 1
New York Society of Cosmetic Chemists
www.nyscc.org
Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry in Skin Care, Biomedical Devices, and Transdermal Delivery. Part I. … by Roger L. McMullen
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ver the last several decades there have been considerable advances in the use of maleic anhydride chemistry for applications related to the skin. First and foremost, it is an excellent bioadhesive agent. This is important for both the biomedical and personal care industries. It is an imperative component that helps to bind medical devices to the skin, including biosensors, and also serves as an aid in wound healing. In skin care, maleic anhydride polymers are used to remove unwanted debris from facial pores, especially those surrounding the nasal region, and as an aid to help reduce aluminum in antiperspirant formulations. Moreover, polymers based on maleic anhydride are used as transdermal delivery agents in both traditional systems and more innovative designs, such as microneedles. Maleated compounds also play important roles as emollients in skin care formulations and as delivery agents for active ingredients, such as vitamin C. In addition, polymers based on maleic anhydride are used as topical skin tightening agents and rheology modifiers in various types cosmetic formulations.
Bioadhesives The area of adhesives is a very broad field that finds applications in many different industries. In relation to the skin, adhesives are especially important in the medical device industry. Maleic anhydride polymers are used as bioadhesive agents in many applications including pressure sensitive tapes and tapes designed for surgical purposes, dermatological tape strips designed to remove keratotic material from skin, and wound healing. Pressure sensitive adhesives are the most common type of material utilized for application to skin. They adhere to the surface of skin by simply applying pressure to the tape while on top of the skin. The tape may contain several components, principally the adhesive resin, a tack agent, pigment, plasticizer, and antioxidant. Usually, these elements are incorporated on top of a backing material made of paper, plastic, or cloth. The plasticizer provides flexibility to the adhesive resin while antioxidants prevent accelerated aging of the adhesive due to exposure to solar radiation, heat, etc. Early work in bioadhesives for skin demonstrated the utility of maleic anhydride-based polymers in pressure sensitive medical and surgical tapes.1-3 In general, these materials were based on copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinyl ether. In particular, several advantages (Continued on page 4)
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2015 NYSCC BOARD OF DIRECTORS & PROGRAM CHAIRS
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Unemployed and Emeritus members may continue to attend monthly meetings free of charge. Please contact the registration booth upon arrival. Unemployed members may also continue their membership free of charge by submitting the renewal form with unemployment details. Please remember that the SCC Employment Service is here to assist you. Contact: Jason O’Neill • E-Mail: Jason.Oneil@kemin.com
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2015 NYSCC Practical Rheology Course Princeton University
PTFE Additives for Personal Care Products
Beauty is More Than Skin Deep
Princeton, NJ
March 19-20, 2015 Instructor: Dr. Hemi NaĂŠ, Ph.D.
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he NYSCC is returning to Princeton University for another event covering the science of rheology. This year we are happy to announce that we contracted with Dr. Hemi NaĂŠ of Hydan Technologies to bring us his acclaimed two-day Practical Rheology Course. The course will be taught on March 19th and 20th at the Friend Center on the Princeton University campus. This special in-depth course is for everyone working in technical marketing, research, development, processing, and quality control and tailored to the needs of the personal care industry. Joining Hemi will be instrument vendors to explain and demo their rheometers. The NY Chapter is proud to host this course at significantly reduced rates of $175 for SCC members and $250 for non-members. Emeritus members and students may attend for only $50. Registration also includes lunch plus food and beverage for morning and afternoon intermissions. Course materials will be distributed to every registrant. Registration on nyscc.org will commence in mid-January. Costs for late registration (after March 5, 2015) will be about 50% higher. The course will be limited to 150 attendees. So, if you are truly interested, we suggest you avoid being disappointed and the applied late fees by registering early.
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Registration will begin in mid-January. Please visit www.nyscc.org.
Monthly Meeting Group Discount The NYSCC is offering a group discount of 15% to companies who send 5 or more employees to a monthly meeting. All five employees would need to be registered at the same time to receive the discount. Once purchased, registrations are non-refundable.
NYSCC Ski Trip‌Windham Mountain Windham, NY
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Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry sensiva® – multifunctional additives designed for your innovation euxyl® – optimum preservation according to your needs
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(Continued from page 1)
exist to using these resins. Notably, there is no need to employ additional tack agents as the maleic anhydride-vinyl ether resin itself has a considerable degree of stickiness. Further, such resins bind to a greater degree with substrates than they do to themselves. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, there was less activity in the patent arena in relation to the use of maleic anhydride-based polymers in adhesives.4 Regardless, these materials remained in use with some improvements in their formulation and application.5 Cross-linking of poly(alkyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) resulting in a cross-linked polymeric ester or amide/imide produces a hydrogel with desirable rheological behavior while maintaining bioadhesion to skin.6 In addition, maleic acid-based polymers have found utility in ostomy appliances where they serve as an adhesive holding together a medical device and the skin at the point of a stoma—an opening or orifice surgically created to provide a pathway from an internal organ to the surface of the body.
Biosensors In the 1990s, there was some excitement in the maleic anhydride community about the use of poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid) in biomedical sensor applications.7-9 Ag/AgCl inks are used as biosensors for biomedical monitoring, medical diagnostics, and iontophoretic drug delivery. Typically, the inks are printed onto a substrate, which then serves as the biosensor. Bioadhesive polymeric hydrogels provide a very good flexible means for attaching the biosensor to skin. In addition, the hydrogel can be made conductive by adding electrolyte. In a typical formulation, one could include the bioadhesive component (poly(vinylmethyl ether-maleic acid), plasticizer (glycerine), viscosity builder (poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)), and electrolyte (sodium chloride).9 A key advantage of the maleic anhydride chemistry for this application lies not only in its bioadhesive properties, but also its activation by water in moist environments. This allows the adhesive to remain efficacious even during perspiration and in moist or damp environments. It should be noted that over-wetting the adhesive polymer results in a slimy residue that is difficult to dry.
Wound Healing In addition to their use as adhesives in medical devices, maleic anhydride-based polymers are also employed in wound healing applications. Nitric oxide is a known agent that is used topically to promote healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers.10 It functions by regulating collagen formation, cell proliferation, and wound contraction.11 Unfortunately, the short half-life of nitric oxide and its associated instability have hampered its success in finished pharmaceutical products. To circumvent this problem, a group at the University of Toronto designed a supramacromolecular complex capable of controlled delivery of nitric oxide to wound areas of the skin. The general structure of the complex is provided in Figure 1. As shown in the illustration, poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid) is reacted with S-nitrosoglutathione, which becomes esterified to one of the acid groups. S-nitrosoglutathione contains the functionality of the antioxidant, glutathione, and contains nitric oxide embedded in the structure, which is released to the tissue. Figure 1. Reaction scheme of nitrosoglutathione with poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride. The resulting molecule may complex with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) by a hydrogen bonding mechanism.
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Also shown in the scheme is the complexation of poly(vinylpyrollidone), which associates with poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid) via hydrogen bonds. Overall, the complexation of the two polymers and the esterification with S-nitrosoglutathione results in a functional controlled release vehicle for nitric oxide. The addition of poly(vinylpyrollidone) to the supramolecular complex causes an increase in the hydrophilicity of the complex, which is accompanied by a decrease in the dissociation rate of nitric oxide due to its delayed release in aqueous mediums. Therefore, it is not surprising that the controlled release of nitric oxide depends on the concentration ratio of poly(vinylpyrollidone) to poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid), which is optimal at a one-to-one ratio. The kinetic release profiles also depend on the molecular weight of both poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid) and poly(vinylpyrollidone). Not surprisingly, higher molecular weight species produce slower nitric oxide release profiles. In this case, higher molecular weight polymers will yield a more structurally extensive complex that undergoes slower dissolution.12 Another important area in wound healing is disinfection, which is extremely important during surgical procedures. As a preparatory step, the area of skin where the incision is to be administered, as well as the surrounding regions, is treated with an antibacterial agent. Unfortunately this preparatory procedure is not sufficient to completely sterilize site or to immobilize unwanted bacterial from migrating into the incision. In many instances, an additional step is added to the preparatory procedure that consists of treating the site with incise drapes, which are large sheets of adhesive film. The incise drapes are applied to the site prior to surgery and incisions are made directly through the drapes. Skin sealants are also used for this purpose and essentially are thin film skin protectant. Due to its exceptional bioadhesivity, poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) is included in skin sealant formulations. Typically, the sealant components consist of a suitable bioadhesive polymer and antibacterial agent that are soluble in ethanol and form a water insoluble film designed to immobilize bacteria, and prevent infection to the site of incision.13,14
Keratotic Plug Removal Over the last decade, increasing attention has been given to the topic of skin pores—also often referred to as facial pores. In this case, the term “pore” evolved from the lay population to describe an opening in the skin associated with a pilosebaceous unit, which consists of the sebaceous gland and hair follicle. These “pores” are clearly evident to the human eye and are especially visible in certain anatomical regions of the body, such as the face where they often present themselves in areas adjacent to the nasal region. Such pores are generally associated with excessive sebum production.15 Comedones may be formed when there is an excess of sebum and keratinocyte cell debris (keratotic plugs). In layman’s terms, comedones refer to black heads (open pore) or white heads (closed pore). The dark color of the black heads originates from oxidation of the cell debris and sebum. There has been much effort in the personal care industry to design products to help remove black heads. Two of the most successful products in this area are Pond’s Clear Pore Strips (manufactured by Unilever, Inc.) and Bioré’s Pore Perfect Strips (manufactured by Kao, Inc.). Both products are essentially shaped like a Band-Aid strip and are adhered to the nasal region of the face (see Figure 2). After a certain period of time, the tape-strip is removed from the skin and it brings with it all of the gunky dark material from the pore. Looking at the underside of the nose strip, one normally observes a range of mountain peaks corresponding to all of the debris collected from the pore. Of the two commercial products based on this technology, the Chesebrough-Pond nasal strips by Unilever were designed based on a high molecular weight (1,500,000 Da) analog of poly(maleic acid-vinyl ether), which serves as the bioadhesive in the nose strip. The nose strip is constructed of a flexible non-occlusive substrate sheet that is impregnated with the bioadhesive.16-18 Prior to application, the nose strip is immersed in water and placed in the region of interest. After it dries, the nose strip is then removed from the skin site bringing with it unwanted black head debris. Figure 2. Photograph demonstrating the use of adhesive strips for keratotic plug removal in skin. (Continued on page 6)
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Antiperspirant Technology In Homo sapiens the principal mode of thermoregulation is accomplished by evaporative cooling that takes place when sweat is secreted from eccrine glands and evaporated from the surface of the skin. Overall, such a process ensures that the body's core temperature does not significantly rise above 37 째C to levels that can lead to heat exhaustion or hyperthermia. There are about 2 to 5 million eccrine glands distributed over the surface of the body that carry out this function. In addition, there are approximately 100,000 apocrine glands localized in specific regions of the body, most notably the axillae (underarm region). Although apocrine glands secrete substances that eventually break down to malodorous compounds, antiperspirant treatments target eccrine glands that are located in the axillae. The most common mechanism for sweat prevention occurs due the formation of a plug in the lumen of the sweat gland duct (see Figure 3). Historically, the most frequently employed antiperspirant salts were aluminum chloride (AlCl3), aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH), and aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate complex (AZAP). For this reason, most of our understanding of plug formation comes from studies conducted with these materials. In recent years, considerable attempts have been made minimize the use of Figure 3. aluminum in antiperspirant formulas.19-23 Such compositions can be achieved by Illustration of an antiperspirant supplementing the antiperspirant formulation with polymers that act as co-gellants with forming a plug the aluminum salts thereby allowing lower levels of the aluminum salt to be employed. (blue) in the Initial work in this area focused on maintaining the antiperspirant aluminum eccrine gland salt and poly(vinyl ether-maleic acid) in two separate phases in the formulation.19 duct. Upon application of the antiperspirant to the skin, the formulation mixes allowing the polymer and aluminum salt to interact, resulting in gelation of the ingredients. The mixture fills the sweat pores, which eventually clog, preventing the passage of sweat. The ability of maleic anhydride in its hydrolyzed form to complex with Lewis acids, such as aluminum chloride, is well known.24 While not explained very well in the literature with specific reference to antiperspirant salts, the aluminum/zirconium salts are also believed to complex with the diacid groups of poly(vinyl ether-maleic acid). More than likely, positive charges from the aluminum or zirconium ions are attracted to the negative charge of the deprotonated acid groups of poly(vinyl ether-maleic acid). Another approach to maintaining the antiperspirant salt and the maleic anhydride polymer separate prior to application would be to utilize a water-in-oil emulsion system in which the antiperspirant salt along with an emulsifier would be present in the continuous oil phase and the polymer in the dispersed water phase.21 Other types of suspension systems can also be employed.20 Polyelectrolyte complexes formed between poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride) exist in the form of microgels and may be utilized in various antiperspirant vehicles, including sticks, aerosols, and roll-ons.22 A key advantage of the polyelectrolyte system is its low viscosity allowing it to be used in various product vehicles and its ability to form clear antiperspirant films, which is more aesthetically pleasing to consumers. It is reported that concentrations as low as 1% (w/w) of antiperspirant salts can be employed in combination with maleic anhydride-based polyelectrolyte complexes providing the same efficacy as antiperspirant formulations containing 10% (w/w) of antiperspirant salts.
Concluding Remarks Maleic anhydride and its derivatives have many applications related to skin. In this first article of the series, we attempt to review several polymeric entities based on maleic anhydride chemistry and their application in the biomedical and personal care industry. Universally, polymers based on maleic anhydride are well known for their bioadhesive properties and are used in a variety of biomedical applications including biosensors. Furthermore, similar chemistries are found in applications in wound healing acting as a delivery and retention agent for nitric oxide. In the personal care industry its uses include, but are not limited to, adjuvants in antiperspirant formulations, skin-tightening agents, and key components of pore strips for keratotic plug removal. The next sequence of this article will be published in a future issue of Cosmetiscope and will discuss the role of maleic anhydride derivatives in transdermal delivery. 6
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References 1. US 2,866,772. J. Sellers, Method of preparing adhesive composition comprising a maleic anhydride copolymer and product obtained. 1958. 2. US 3,005,802. J. Sellers, Adhesive salt of an ester of a maleic anhydride copolymer. 1961. 3. US 3,002,955. J. Sellers, Cross-linked maleic anhydride copolymers. 1961. 4. US 3,988,495. J. Lowey and T. Frommherz, Methyl vinyl ether-maleic ester copolymer. 1976. 5. US 5,106,914. G. Russell and J. Pelesko, Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions and elements made therefrom. 1992. 6. US 6,583,225 B1. K. Plochocka and J. Lynn, Polymeric hydrogels. 2003. 7. A. Woolfson, D. McCafferty, C. McCallion, E. McAdams, and J. Anderson, Moisture-activated, electrically conducting bioadhesive hydrogels as interfaces for bioelectrodes: effect of formulation factors on cutaneous adherence in wet enviroments. J Appl Polym Sci 1995, 56, 1151-1159. 8. A. Woolfson, D. McCafferty, C. McCallion, E. McAdams, and J. Anderson, Moisture-activated, electrically conducting bioadhesive hydrogels as interfaces for bioelectrodes: effect of film hydration on cutaneous adherence in wet environments. J Appl Polym Sci 1995, 58, 1291-1296. 9. A. Woolfson, Moisture-activated, electrically conducting bioadhesive interfaces for biomedical sensor applications. Analyst 1996, 121, 711-714. 10. M. Witte, T. Kiyama, and A. Barbul, Nitric oxide enhances experimental wound healing in diabetes. Br J Surg 2002, 89, 1594-1601. 11. M. Witte and A. Barbul, Role of nitric oxide in wound repair. Am J Surg 2002, 183, 406-412. 12. WO 2009/026680 A1. P. Lee and Y. Li, Supramacromolecular polymer complexes providing controlled nitric oxide release for healing wounds. 2009. 13. WO 2011077281 A2. P. Schorr, D. Hoffman, I. Weart, and K. Yang, Skin preparation that immobilizes bacteria. 2011. 14. EP 2,515,783 A2. P. Schorr, D. Hoffman, I. Weart, and K. Yang, Skin preparation that immobilizes bacteria. 2012. 15. M. Roh, M. Han, D. Kim, and K. Chung, Sebum output as a factor contributing to the pore size of facial pores. Cutan Biol 2006, 155, 890-894. 16. WO 1998042303 A1. B. Crotty, P. Miner, A. Johnson, A. Znaiden, J. Corey, A. Vargas, A. Meyers, and B. Lange, Cosmetic product. 1998. 17. US 5,968,537. B. Crotty, P. Miner, A. Johnson, and A. Znaiden, Cosmetic product for removal of keratotic plugs from skin pores. 1999. 18. US 6,174,536 B1. B. Crotty, P. Miner, A. Johnson, and A. Znaiden, Cosmetic product for removal of keratotic plugs from skin pores. 2001. 19. US 2002/0119108 A1. H. Rieley and K. Smith, Antiperspirant products. 2002. 20. US 2005/0100521 A1. M. Cropper, Antiperspirant compositions. 2005. 21. US 2006/0051306 A1. N. Brown, H. Rieley, I. Smith, and J. Stockton, Antiperspirant emulsion compositions. 2006. 22. US 2010/0297201 A1. T. Gillece, L. Foltis, D. Koelmel, A. Luschen, and C. Barrett, Use of polyelectrolyte complexes in antiperspirant technology. 2010. 23. WO 2013052454 A1. H. Fares and D. Prettypaul, Antiperspirant/deodorant compositions. 2013. 24. B. Travedi and B. Culbertson, Maleic Anhydride. Plenum Press: New York, 1982.
Making Personal Personal Car Caree Beautiful®
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About the author:
R
oger is a Principal Scientist in the Materials Science Department at Ashland Specialty Ingredients. He received a B.S. in Chemistry from Saint Vincent College and completed a Ph.D. in Biophysical Chemistry at Seton Hall University. Roger has over 18 years of experience in the Personal Care industry, having worked in many facets of product development and claims substantiation leading to the commercial launch of new technologies. His work and professional activities reflect his dedication and service to the personal care industry with specialties in imaging and optical techniques used in conjunction with image analysis to quantify various properties of hair and skin, spectrofluorescence of hair and skin, mechanical measurements of personal care substrates, and various aspects related to the use of antioxidants and other active ingredients in skin care. Roger actively speaks at international conferences and is the primary author of over 25 peer-reviewed book chapters and journal articles. He is also the author of the book, Antioxidants and the Skin, published in 2013. For the past eight years, Roger has been the editor of the monthly periodical, Cosmetiscope, of the New York Chapter of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Fairleigh Dickinson University, where he teaches Biochemistry to students in the Cosmetic Science Master's program. Prior to pursuing a career in science, Roger served in the U.S. Navy onboard the vessel, USS YORKTOWN (CG 48). V O L U M E
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Upcoming 2015 NYSCC Events Calendar
Local Representation
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March 13
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Upcoming 2015 Industry Events _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Personal Care Products Council 2015 Annual Meeting
• February 22-25 Palm Beach, FL • More info: www.personalcarecouncil.org _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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• March 20-23 Bologna, Italy • More info: www.cosmoprof.com _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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• March 21-23 Chicago, IL • More info: www.faceandbody.com/midwest _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Personal Care Products Council 2015 Annual Meeting The Breakers • Palm Beach, FL
February 22-25, 2015 More info: www.personalcarecouncil.org
E
very day, millions of consumers around the world rely on personal care products to live better, healthier lives. From moisturizers, lipsticks, and fragrances to sunscreens, soaps, and anti-cavity toothpastes, these products are essential to today’s consumer lifestyles. The personal care products industry is a global industry with more than $250 billion in annual retail sales. The Personal Care Products Council (formerly the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association) is the leading national trade association for the cosmetic and personal care products industry and represents the most innovative names in beauty today. For more than 600 member companies, we are the voice on scientific, legal, regulatory, legislative, and international issues for the personal care product industry. We are a leading and trusted source of information for and about the industry and a vocal advocate for consumer safety and continued access to new, innovative products.
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89th ACS Colloid & Surface Science Symposium Carnegie Mellon University • Pittsburgh, PA
June 15-17, 2015 For more info: http: www.colloids2015.org.
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BOTANICAL EMOLLIENTS & SPECIALTY PARTICLES
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In the New York SCC Region:
DWI Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien HairS’15 19th International Hair Science Syposium • Trier, Germany
September 2-4, 2015
Essential Ingredients Michael Manning 201.576.9382 mmanning@essentialingredients.com
Call for Papers – End of DECEMBER 2014 Abstract Submission Proposals for oral/poster presentation (1 page max.) should be sent to hairs15@dwi.rwth-aachen.de by March 27, 2015.
Symposium Fee Early bird fees for registration and payment by August 1, 2015 are: • 770€ for participants • 590€ for DWI member companies • 330€ for speakers (one presenting author per oral presentation, no reduction for poster authors)
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Fee includes meals, coffee breaks, excursion, conference dinner, book of abstracts, and conference proceedings.
For more info: www.dwi.rwth-aachen.de.
Inspire
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The US Society of Cosmetic Chemists hosts the 29th IFSCC Congress O
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Helena Rubinstein: Beauty Is Power Friday, March 13, 2015
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The Jewish Museum
elena Rubinstein was a legendary cosmetics entrepreneur whose ideas challenged and changed the myth of feminine beauty. This exhibit is devoted to her life and art collection, and presents a strong female perspective on 20th century visual culture. She introduced new and different standards of beauty, and exhorted women to control their own image though makeup and grooming. Today, the term “beauty salon” is limited to a hair dresser or day spa. However, Rubinstein’s salon was designed as a place where women could learn not only how to improve their looks, but also how to reconceive their standards of taste, and to understand design, color, and art to express their own personalities.
Location: The Jewish Museum, 1109 5th Ave. (at 92nd Street), NY, NY Time: Guided tours at 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm. Each group limited to 20 persons. Cost/Registration: • NYSCC Pre-registered Member $85.00 • Pre-registered Non Member $105.00 • Emeritus / Students Pre-registered $40.00 • Emeritus at the door $75.00 • At The Door $120.00 Register online by visiting the NYSCC website at www.nyscc.org. • Limited to the first 40 people. • Price includes: Guided Tours of “Beauty is Power.” • General Admission to the museum. • Discount coupons for the museum store. • Bus Transportation from New Jersey. • Validated parking for cars parked at private garage. • Late lunch or early dinner.
For more information: https://nyscc.org/event-calendar/
Employment Opportunities For complete ads please go to the NYSCC website: https://nyscc.org/employment/employment-listings/
n Director of Personal Care – Business Development Gattefossé USA, Paramus, NJ
n Director R&D Presperse Corporation, Somerset, NJ
n Formulation Chemist – Temporary Position Hayward Laboratories, Inc., East Stroudsburg, PA
n Sales Sajmil Corporation, Inc., New York, NY
n Principal Formulation Chemist Spartan Brands, Inc., New York, NY
n Northeast Account Manager Presperse Corporation Home office and New Jersey office.
n Scientist, Clinical Research BASF, The Chemical Company, Tarrytown, NY
n Marketing Manager – Hair Care BASF, The Chemical Company, Florham Park, NJ
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n Product Development Chemist Melaleuca, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID
n Chemist, Technical Services Kobo Products, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ
n Green Chef Director Method Products PBC, San Francisco, CA n Technical Marketing – Lab Services Verla International, Ltd., United States n Senior Scientist, Cleansing Platform Johnson & Johnson, Skillman, NJ
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GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Barrier Function of Mammalian Skin Defining, Investigating and Surmounting the Barrier August 16-21, 2015 Waterville Valley Resort Waterville Valley, New Hampshire
Gran Via Barcelona April 14-16, 2015 More info: www.in-cosmetics.com.
Make note of it‌ Send news of interest, guest editorials, and comments to Roger McMullen, Editor • E-mail: roger_mcmullen@fdu.edu
Call for Papers
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he Cosmetiscope editorial committee invites all interested parties to submit feature technical articles for publication in the NYSCC monthly newsletter. Authors of feature articles are eligible to win the prestigous NYSCC Literature Award ($1,000) for the best front-page article published during the calendar year. Also, authors receive $200 reimbursement to attend a theatrical performance of their choice. Writing an article for your peers is a very rewarding experience, both personally and professionally, and would reserve your place in NYSCC history. You may choose whatever topic you feel would be interesting to fellow colleagues in our industry. We also welcome any other types of commentaries or articles that may be published in the Career Corner, Technical Tidbit section, or as a Letter to the Editor. Please send correspondence to: roger_mcmullen@fdu.edu.
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