URBAN MOBILITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION OF MASS TRANSIT IN HANOI HANOI SEMINAR MONDAY 19 NOVEMBER 2012
JULIEN ALLAIRE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR CODATU
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Part 1: Strategy of Hanoi for urban mobility
retrospective 2000-2010:
Urban growth in Hanoi
Motorbike dominated
Development of public transport
perspective 2010-2020: Development of public transport
Part 2: Public transport and mobility governance
Different possibilities for Hanoi
International benchmarking
The division of tasks between operators and Transport Authority
Part 3: Perspectives and conclusions
PART 1:
STRATEGY OF HANOI
http://tin180.com/xahoi/phong-su-anh-clip/
FOR URBAN MOBILITY
HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH
Figure 20: Expansion of Hanoi urban zone in 1983 and 2003 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007; quoted in LEE et al., 2008)
HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH Economic growth in excess of 10% over the last 10 years. Population growth (see opposite) Territorial expansion (administrative extension) Rapid growth of mobility More motorbikes and cars Therefore: More energy consumption and pollution More congestion More emphasis on accidentology
VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN VIETNAM Share of motorbikes in vehicle fleet (Source: LE Anh Tu, 2006)
FROM 2-WHEELER TO 4-WHEELER VEHICLES? Growth in number of vehicles
In Hanoi: Motorbikes: + 13%/year Cars: + 21%/year
MOTORBIKE HEGEMONY IN HANOI Pattern of modal market in Hanoi since rebirth of bus mass transit in 2000 (TRAMOC)
Over 600 motorbikes per 1000 inhabitants in Hanoi
Over 80 % of modal share
80% of households own a motorbike 40% of households own 2 or more
PLANNING FOR MOBILITY IN HANOI – WHAT? 100 % active modes
0 % public transport
Cities dominated by private transport
100 % private transport
Cities dominated by active modes
Mixed cities
0 % active modes
From Replogle (1992)
0% private transport Cities dominated by public transport
Since the early 2000s a commitment to develop collective transportation
Modal split: what is the target ?
100 % public transport
TREMENDOUS EXPANSION OF BUS NETWORK Very strong development of a quality public transport service, accessible for Hanoi dwellers. TRAMOC
TRANSPORT PLANNING TO 2020
Planning goal to the year 2020 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007)
MASS TRANSIT TO 2020
TIME LINE FOR COMMISSIONING OF METRO LINES
MOT / Vietnam Railway Administration
L1
Metro Rail Transport Project Board (HRB) / CPH
L2
MOT / Vietnam Railway Administration
L2a
MOT / Vietnam Railway Administration
L3
Metro Rail Transport Project Board (HRB) / CPH
L5
PART 2: PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY GOVERNANCE IN HANOI
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME Proposed organization in JICA report Hanoi City
VNR Group
L1
O&M 1
L2
L2a
O&M 2
L3
L5
Need of coordination at the city level to have an integrated network for users
D’après JICA
THE VARIOUS LEVELS OF RESPONSABILITY
What do we want to achieve? With what resources? (Territory to be served, level of compensation, level of accessibility, general features of the service
Elected representatives
TACTICAL LEVEL Characterising the solutions needed to meet the targets: What services need to be developed to achieve these targets? How? Fixing rates, line, mode, time tables, type of service
Transport Organising Authority
MID TERM
Formulation of the policy and targets
LONG TERM
STRATEGIC LEVEL
Develop appropriate means to guarantee delivery How can the services be delivered efficiently ? Vehicle management, maintenance, personnel management, consumables, fleet renewal, etc.
D’après Mezghani (2012)
Operator
SHORT TERM
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
Hanoi People ‘s Committee
?
DOT MRB Tramoc
D’après JICA
Transerco
VNR Group
Buses
L1
O&M 1
L2
L2a
O&M 2
L3
L5
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
Hanoi People ‘s Committee
DOT
?
Tramoc + MRB
Transerco
VNR Group
Buses
L1
O&M 1
L2
L2a
O&M 2
L3
L5
CHARACTERISTICS MASS TRANSIT AUTHORITY
Territory involved Legal form: specialised public authority, department of an existing authority, coalition of local governments, company formed by the governments. Partners: share breakdown or composition of board of directors Public involvment Jurisdictions and responsibilities: public transport, mobility or urban development Financial resources : Receipts from ticketing, subsidies, direct taxes, etc. Human resources and expertise Organisation chart: various components, level of management, interrelationship
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT FORMS IN EUROPE Region
The metropolitan transport authority can take different forms
+ local governments
Region
Region
Region
Madrid
Amsterdam
Valencia
Lisbon
Stockholm
Barcelona
Frankfurt
Lyon
Paris
Berlin
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Milano
London
Several municipalities
Municipality
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
POTENTIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEMBERS Various possibilities…
Representatives of municipalities and other local governments: Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Copenhagen, etc.
Representatives of regions and local government: Spain, France, Italy, Holland
Government officials (with or without voting right): Barcelona, Madrid, Bologna, Athens
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
Union and chamber of commerce representatives: Madrid, Valencia) Staff representatives: Athens Consumer association representatives: Madrid Representatives of carriers: Madrid, Valencia
FOCAL AREAS Urban development Integration of transport and urban planning
Urban mobility policy Traffic and parking Urban logistics Modal integration
Overall public transit “market” Organisation of “informal transit” Mobility services Taxis
Public transport regulation Regulatory framework Identification of network and required services Monitoring public service obligation Contracted out services Technical standards Promotion and information Quality monitoring
From Mezghani (2012)
21
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF CITIES IN GERMANY The people
Stakeholders
Relations
Strategic level
Urban transport organising authority Policy committee Democracy
Hierarchy
Transport policy
Discussion
Social policy Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Tactical level
Transport administration
Standard for mobility
Standard for accessibility
Fixing rates Lines Frequency Type of vehicle Marketing
Tactical level
Information Personnel management Vehicle management
From Didier Van De Velde
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF LONDON, CITIES IN FRANCE, ETC. The people
Stakeholders
Relations
Strategic level
Urban transport organising authority Policy committee Democracy
Tactical level
Tactical level
Transport administration Hierarchy
Transport policy
Discussion
Social policy Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Transport operators Private or public companies Contract
Standard for mobility
Standard for accessibility
Fixing rates Lines Frequency Type of vehicle Marketing
Marketing
Information
Information Personnel management Vehicle management
From Didier Van De Velde
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: INCENTIVE THROUGH INVOLVEMENT AT TACTICAL LEVEL The people
Stakeholders
Relations
Strategic level
Urban transport organising authority Policy committee Democracy
Tactical level
Tactical level
Transport administration Hierarchy
Transport policy
Discussion
Social policy Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Transport operators Private or public companies Contract
Standard for mobility Standard for accessibility
Min. standards Min. standards Min. standards Min. standards Min. standards Min. standards
Fixing rates Lines Frequency Type of vehicle Marketing Information Personnel management Vehicle management
From Didier Van De Velde
PART 3:
PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS
CURRENT SPREAD OF JURISDICTIONS? Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA) Land Use
Development of Roads (Highway Eng. Agency)
(DONRE)
BRT
Metro lines
Street management (Municipality) Urban traffic management (DOT) PT Master Plan
Rail Master Plan
Passenger information, ticketing Management of urban transport
MRB
(TRAMOC)
Cars
Motos
Taxis Xe-Om
Transerco
Public Transport Source: Consia Consulting team
O&M O&M
26
CHANGE OF JURISDICTIONS? Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA) Land Use
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
(DONRE)
BRT
Metro lines
Street management (Municipality Urban Traffic Management (DOT) PT Master Plan
Rail Master Plan
Coherence Passenger information, ticketing ManagementStage of 1 urban transport
Cars
Motos
Taxis Xe-Om
Mgt Urban railways
(TRAMOC)
MRB
Bus Operation Transerco
Railway op. O&M O&M
27
Source: Consia Consulting team
IN THE FUTURE TWO AUTHORITIES? PTA
URA
Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA) Land Use
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
(DONRE)
BRT
Metro lines
Street management (Municipality Urban Traffic Management (DOT) PT Master Plan
Rail Master Plan
Coherence Passenger information, ticketing Management ofStage 1 Urban transport (Tramoc)
Cars
23/11/2012
Motos
Taxis Xe-Om
Bus Operation Transerco
Mgt of urban Railways (MRB)
O&M O&M
28
IN THE FUTURE ONE AUTHORITY? PTA Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA) Land Use
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
(DONRE)
BRT
Metro lines
Street management (Municipality Urban Traffic Management (DOT) PT Master Plan
Rail Master Plan
Coherence Passenger information, ticketing Management of 1 Stage Urban transport (TRAMOC)
Cars
23/11/2012
Motos
Taxis Xe-Om
Bus Operation Transerco
Mgt of urban Railways (MRB)
O&M O&M
29
CHALLENGE OF ONE AUHTORITY WITH JURISDICTION OVER ALL MODES
1: buses 2: taxis
4: motorbikes
6: pedestrians
5: cars
3: bicycles
As many as two thirds of people use a motorbike to go less than 500 m (survey LAM Quang Cuong, 2004)
THE CHALLENGE OF COORDINATION OR INTEGRATION
3 types of integration and three different phases Level of integration
Design phase (2010–2015)
Implementation phase (2010–2020)
Operational phase (after 2020)
At the institutional level (regulation)
Coordination between the various project owners (Task Force)
Public transport organising authority
Urban transport organising authority
At the systems level (equipment)
- Ticketing technology: pros and cons of the different technologies - Pros and cons of system centralisation/decentralisation?
At the hands-on level (work)
- Multimodal hub: safe, comfortable transfers - Parking, routing and other services: land reserves?
... ...
... ...
NETWORK: COMPLEMENTARITY Complementarity between modes
OR COMPETITION
?
Competition between modes
5 000 VDN 8 000 VDN 10 000 VDN
MULTI MODAL STATION: COMPLEMENTARITY OR COMPETITION ? Intégration du réseau
Réseau non intégré
CONCLUSIONS
Objectives:
Put in place a quality transportation service so that Hanoians prefer mass transit over private transit
Simplification of the use of mass transit
Economic efficiency
The challenge:
Integration and/or coordination of policies and initiatives in urban transit
At what level: strategic, tactical or operational?
Start right now coordination of technical and organisational choices Provide high-level coordination in the work phase Integrate or coordinate at the metro operation level:
One company means less coordination effort on the part of the transport organising authority
Seamless multimodal transport hubs:
Physical integration for transferring from one mode to another
Provide for urban development around the stations (land reserves)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION! CẢM ƠN BẠN ĐÃ QUAN TÂM CỦA BẠN!
JULIEN ALLAIRE JALLAIRE@CODATU.ORG