OER - December 2010

Page 1

Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar’s pro-democracy leader and Nobel Peace laureate, has come to symbolise the struggle of Myanmar’s people to be free. She has spent more than 15 years in detention, most of it under house arrest and was released from her current third period of detention in November.Like the South African leader Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi has become an international symbol of peaceful resistance in the face of oppression. The 65-year-old has spent most of the last 20 years in some form of detention on because of her efforts to bring g democracyy to military-ruled militaryy-ruled Myanmar. Myyanmar. In 1991,, a year y r after her National League for Democracy won an overwhelming victory in an yea election the e junta ju unta later later nullified, nulli nulli llified fied, she she was awarded award award arded ed the Nobel Nobel Peace Peace Prize Prize. Suu Suu Kyi is th t ed daug aughte aug hterr of hte of the he country’s co independence hero, General Aung San. He was assassinated during the he e transition transititiion ion period perio riod i d in in July July l 1947, 1947 1947, just just six i months month hs befo ef re indepe i d ende ndence nce. Suu Suu Kyi was was only only two tw wo yearrs old at the t time. In 1960, she went to Delhi with her mother Daw Khin Kyi, who o had had been been appointed Burma’s ambass ambassado dorr to to India. Fou ur year yearss later t sh he wentt to to Oxfo Oxford Univer vers e ssit sityy in in tthe he U UK, K where whe she studied philosophy, politics and economics. There she he met met her her future husband, acade academic mic Michael M Ariss. Suu Kyi was soon propelled into leadin Ari ng the revo revolt aga gains in t the then-d n-dictator, General Ne Win. She was inspired by the non-violent -vio olent campaigns of US c civill rig rights leader der Martin M Luth ther er King King and India’ Ind dia’ ia’ss Mahatma Gan ndhi. M Mex exica ic n tyco ycoon, n Ca C rlo loss Slim m, 70, 7 has amassed a fortune of $53.5bn, beating Microsoft Mic crosoft founder Bill Ga ates to top the he list of the wo world’s ld’s richest people, according accord ding to a ran nking pu ublished ubl ed by b For Forbes magazzine in . His far f -flung business empire includes some off Mexico’s Mexic co’s best-kn best-known wn departme ent stores, its big biggest telecom operator, hotels, resta restaura staurantts, oil oil drri r lling, g bu b ild ding firms ms and d In I bursa sa bankk making it hard to spend a day in Mexico co w without itthout pay paying g him h some mo money. Outside M Mexico exico Slim has holdings in such prestigious prestigiious groups as retaile iler Saks ks and New e Yor York Time mes Co. His H defining foray occurred in 1990 when wh hen he he an and h his partners bo bought creaking ing g state telephone company Telmex for $1.7bn.. Turn Tu urnin ng it into o a cash sh-makin ing g jewe wel, he sp spun off ff Americ rica Movil and expanded it through gh a acqu cquisitio tions to becom me the world’s No 4 wireless operator. Slim first showed a talent forr bu busin ness e as a 10-yea ear-old kid k when en he fill filled hiss po p cke ets with pesos selling drinks and nd d sna acks cks to his famil mily i y. Ass a youn oungst g er he also gst also kept kept p accounting accou accounti nting ng g ledgers ledger led g s of ger of what what he earned earne earne ed and and ssp spent and d bough ht a gove vernment n saving ngs bond nd from m whi w ch he learned valuable e les esson es son sons ons abou bou out comp comp pou oun und d inte nteres t res restt. Th The 2010 2010 Nobel N bell Peace Nob Peace Prize Pea P ize was awarded Pri award ded d to to imprisoned imp imp pris riso i one on ned dC Chi hinese hum man righ hts activi vist Liu Xia X obo o “f “ or hiss long an and non-violent struggle truggle e fo f fu for fun nda da dam men en nta tall h human hu uma an rights an ri right i hts h s iin C Ch hina”. h ina”. i ” The Th laureate, l a little-known li l k fi figure inside i id China Chi due d to offi offfificial ial cens ce sorship, rship, is a veter veteran n of the h Tiana Tiananmen n Sq S uare e protests rotests of 1989, 9, and co co-au -au autho utho thor hor of of the the Cha Charte rterr 08 rte 08 mani mani anifes festo fes to for fo wh which ich ch h he he was was sent entenc e ed to 11 years in priison by en by Chine Chine Ch inese se aut se a horittiess on 25 Dec Decemb Decemb ember er 200 009 9. Liu 9. Liu u wa w s chos osen ove er a record numb be err off no ominati minati ation ons – mor ore e than 200 200 – to receive the he N No obel el awa aw ward arrd d. Liu is also the third d perso per errsso on to to b be e aw a arded th awa he N Nob be el Pe eac ce Prize ce Prize wh w ile i e iin prison or detention on, after G man German a y’ y s Ca y’s Carl rl von Os Ossssie ietzkyy (193 19 935)) and My Myan Mya anm nm mar’s Aung g San Suu Kyi (1991). Intellectuals and d politic cians from the interna ationa al comm mmuni unity ty p pra aise i d the is h decisi sion, altho hough th h Chi he Chinese se govvernmen mentt bitte erlyy attacked the de dec ec cis ision. Hea avvyy offific av cial censorship was applied on n the In nternet, on televvision and in the pri rint med dia a ins nsi side de Chi C na fo ollowing the a ounce anno ementt. Liu is th he fifirst Chin nese (exc cluding the 14th Dala ai Lama, a refugee) to be awarded the No obel Peace Prizze, and d the firrst to be e awarded ed a Nobe el Prize of any kin nd w ile ressiding in Ch whi hina. Stefan ni Joanne Ange elina Germanottta (borrn March 28, 1986), who perform ms und unde er the stage na ame La ady Ga aga, has become e a pop ic con o by co ombining g dance numbe da ers witth pe erforma ance art to create te something th hat app peals to teenagers and critics alikke. The 24-year-old d singe er, song gwriter an nd musician i from New Yorkk began her ca areer ass a so ongwrriter fo or some of pop mu music’s bigge est star tarss but her true true infl influen uence ce lie liess in in her ab bilitty to weave e fashion n, chorreograp aphy hy, visua uall art and a wide varriety of p based musica pop-b al style es into o one cohesive, comp mpelling performa an nce e. G Gaga aga’’s aga ’s infl i fluence influen ce on mod dern culture and so ociety ha as provo vo oked k d the the Univ nivers i ers er itityy of South h Carolina na into o offering a fu ull-time coursse title ed ‘L Ladyy Gaga and the Soc S iolo ogy of Fa Fame’ me in in the the obj obje j cti ctive tive off unr unrave avve ave ellllliling “the sociolo ogically re ele evant dime mensi nsions of o th t e fame of La ady Gaga a with re espe ect to her e mussic, ic viideos, fashion, and other artistic en end deavourrs”. She has been called d th the nexxt Madonna. na Thi Thiss year, she became e the first first artis tistt to hit the five million ma ark in d tal sing digit ng gles less sa sales les an and d the fifir firs rsst cele e bri rity ty to get mo ore tha ha an 10 mill milllion io on fans fans on Fac fa Fa e ebo b ok; her vid deos hav hav a e been ave been wa watch atch tched e online ne m mo ore r th tha han n on one ne bil billio lion lio n time times.U s US Firs s.US Firs irstt Lady Lad a M helle Oba Mich am ma a beat bea at out u h hea eadss off sta sta st ate, te ch chief executiv tives ess and ce cele ebrit eb ritiies ies to ra rank ank nk as as the world’s mo most po pow ow we erfu rfull wom wom oma ma an in n Forbes mag gazi azine’ ne s annu ann nu ual lisstin tin ng. Oba Obama b ma m has has b be een a ‘true changege-m make er’ si s nce comin m g to th he e Wh White House, said For Forb bes, citing her h hiigh gh approval ra rat attin in ng gs, her status as a rro ole e mo mod od del and d her camp ca a aig gn aga ainst child childhoo h d obes obes b ity be ty. T women on the bu The busin ness maga aga gazzzin ine’s ’ss list were e ‘shaping ‘ g many of the agenda-se set ettitin ng converrsati attiions of the day’. Thes esse wom w men have built comp panies and brandss, some etim t es b non-traditio by t nal me eans ans and they have e broken throu ugh gender barrie ers in areas of commerc ce, politics,, sports and medi edia an nd culttural zei zeitgeist.T Thiss ye ear Forbes changed the h w it ranked wome way men n, basing the list le ess on wealth and dp po ower and more on creative influen enc ce and n en ntre repreneurship. p. Forb bes said dO Oba ba b ma top pped th t e list this year becausse “sshe e has made e the o offi fffice off fifirrs rst lady dy he her own” while re ema ma ain ining po opu p pular la . Mich Michell elle e is is also efffe fective: In n rre res esspon p se po s to herr Le Let’s t’s Mo Move! vve! e! ca campa mpaiign mpa ig gn ag aga ain nst childh hood obesitty, comp panies like e Coca a-C Cola ola l , Kell ellogg el ga an nd General Millss ha avve e ple edge dg ge ed to to re educe ce the th calorie co con on nten te ent of thei hei eiir foods by 2015 15 5. St Stev teve JJobs ob , CEO, obs EO O Apple e, outdoess himself wiith e popping, paradig eye-po gm-shift gm shiftin ing g pro pro odu d du ucts c that ct at refuels the brand’ss unst nstopp toppabl able ble line lin iine e of highbrow ga ad dge dg ge etry t . In n 201 010 0 10 0, it was the iP Pad from Applle that wa wass in n the news, selling g1 m n units wiithin million n a mont onth of onth of its its rel r eas re ease e and n furthe herr cinche ed App ple e’s ’s gri grip ip on the the h te tech market. Steven n Pau aul a ul JJo obs (b (bo bo orrn n Feb F ruary 24 24, 1955), well known fo or being the co-found der a chief and i exec cutivve offific cer of App Apple le, e, p previ reviou ou o uslyy served as chief exxecutive of Pixxar An us Anim mation Stu Studio dioss. He bec ec cam ame me a mem mem embe b of th ber the board of The e Walt Dissney Co ompany in 20 006, fo ollowing g the acquisittion of Pixa ixar by D Disn ssn ney. e JJo obs bs’’ hi b h sto s ry in busine ess ha has ass co ontr ntrib t ibu ibuted ted d much h to to th the syym mb bolic imag age ge eo off th the e id dio iiosyn sy cratic, individua alisttic c Silic con Vallley entrepren neur, e emphasis sing the im mpo ortan ta ance ce of des design ign na an nd und nde derst rsstan rst and a nding the cru ucial ro role le aessth le hetic tic icss play layy in pu publi b c appeal. Ever bl ery ryy yye ear, the mercurial head d of th he tech hnolog ogy giant come es up w some te with tec chnolo log giic gic cal al inn nnovation. Jo obs is list stted d as a ei eitther e h prima he ima ary inven ntor or co-inventor in ov ove ve er 23 230 awarded pa ate tte ents or patent applica cations re ela ated d to a range from actual computer and nd dp porta o able devic v es to userr in nterfa fa ace ess ((iin ncl nc cludiing tou ouc ch-based)), spea peakkers,, keyboa ards d , power adapterss, stairc rca ases, clasps, sle leeves, la anyard ardss and packages. Prince W William Wi and nd d Kate Ka Miiddle eton wi will marryy at Wes est stminste s er Abbe b y in London on n Aprill 29 and an the day w wilill be markked by a publ ubliic ic holiday. Pr Prince William m Arthu ur Philip Louis off Wales, KG, FRS KG, S (born bo 21 June ne 1982), is th the he elde elder er son so of Ch ha arrles, Princ nc ce of Wa Wales, an nd D Diana, Prin nces ess of Wales, W and nd dg gran rand nd dson so of Qu Queen Elizabetth II and d Prince Philip,, Duke of E nburg Edinbu rg gh. He iss sec gh seco ond nd in the lin line ne off suc su uccession, behind his fa ath th her e to th er, the thro hron nes of 16 16 in nde dep pend endentt st sta ates. ates. ate s Sin Since ce their ir relationship be ega an, Cat an ath heri erine rine Eli El zab beth ‘Kate’ M Middlet ton (bo orrn n 9 Jan Januar Januar uaryy 1982 1982 982)) ha has as rec ceived widesp prre ead med ea dia attenti di ntion. ion on The offic ffific ce of the Priin nce nc ce off Wales Wales at Cl Wa Clarence Cla are Ho House announced d the e mar ma ria riage i ge g woul would tak take place on A April 29 9, 201 11,, at Westm tminster Abbey. Spain n won w their firrst ever Football World d Cu up in July l be eati ating ting g The Nethe Netherlands l 10 0- and ended their drought ht of winning major tournaments. O Other than Eu Euro champion onships in 1964 and 200 08, the t y rarely have been in n conte ent ntition on in in oth other ther er com competitions. At le least the Netherlands made e two t World Cup final als and also got to o the semifin nals in 1998 1998 998.. Seco Secondn ranked Spain started d th heir Wo he orld Cu Cup in the wo orst way, losing g to Swititzer zerlan land in the group matche hess. But B t it wo w n every game affte ter that, including g a 10- vic ctory r ove verr powe owerfu rfull Germ Germ erm er many a that was far more ore e on o e-side one-s ided than han the score ha e indicated. d. No oo otther nation has won the Worl orlld Cup up aft ftter los losing osing g itits opener. r. In the final againsst H land Hol d, itt was Andre dre ress Inie Inie n est ssta a wh ho brok r e free in th he pena nalltyy area to t col ollle lec ec ct a passs from Cesc esc sc c Fa Fabre brrega gas and take a right-foo oo ote ted ed d sh shot ot from from eig igh ght ya ard rd ds just j t past p the outstretch hed a ms of Dutc arm u h go oa alke al k per M kee Ma aarten nS Ste teke kelenb burg urg rg. Th The he G Ge erm rman an-bo -born rrn n Be Ben nedi ed e d ct XV VI who o suc uc eeded ucceed eed ded e John Paul as the Cath ath holi olic Church’s hu 265t 5th h pope o on n Ap A ril 19, 2005, has been in n the he news fo for or hi hiss no onon n-confor orrmis mist vie iew ews thatt h ha avve e alie alien enate ted d tth the de evo vottee ees but brough ughtt che hee eerr am among g the so-called no onn-b -b belie elieve vers. In an intervie vvie ew c con on o nduct nd u ed by Peter Se Seewald titled, ‘Lig ghtt of o the t W Wo orl rrld d’, Po Pop pe Ben nedict XVI’s VI s a ann nno noun unc nc ced ed that co on nd dom use may be b the best choice in some e ci circ cum mst stances. This statem ment iss considered a wa atershed, b because e itit is th he e firs fi st time tim me e th t at a th the pub blic c he hea eal alth has as en nte tered ter e d the Cath holliic Canon.. And it is also o a departure e ffro rom the Cat atholi ol c position, repeat ated edlyy endo ndors rrsse sed earlier by Benedict, th hat, since its it only ly leg le egiti itimat tima m e purp purp pose iss pr pro oc ocr creat eatiion io on n within marriage, th here is no o pos possib s le rol ole e fo or cond condoms or other fo orms of arti r ficial con ntra traceptio on. Car Card din nal Josep eph Ratzinger, w was elec who cted te after the the d deat eatth of the ea he pop p pular and long-serving Pope e JJo ohn Paul aul II, an and nd took the na ame Benedict XV VI, is a bookish ssc cholar with a stron ng tth heolo ological bent, and e experts predicted ed that he wo ould n ou no ot inspir ot in re the same sort of public ado oration n as his predecesssor. But he remained d in the news nevertheless as Bened dic ct’ss papacy went from crisis to crisis. Benedi edict fac ac ced ed acc ac ccusations us s that he and n direct subordina ates offten did not alert civvilian authorities or disscipli plin ne priests involved in se exual abuse. In 2006, Benedict e enraged many Muslims, s w wh hen he he quoted a Byza Byzantine em emper pe or who ca alle ed Issla am ‘evil and inhu uman’. In n January ry 20 2009 9 he sp spa arrked outrage acrosss Europ pe when he revoked the e excommunication of sc chis hisma mattic ic bishops who had denied central ral elem elem ments of the Holocaust.. On 5 August 2010, a cavee-in n occurred at the San n José copper-gold mine in the A Atacama Desert nea ea ar Copi op pia ap Chile. The apó, ap e accid c en ent nt left 33 men trapped d 700 700 metres (2,300 ft) be elow ground. The mine ers survvivved undergroun und d fo or a rec cord d 69 days. All 33 were re escued and bro roug ugh ghtt to the he surface on 13 13 Octobe er 2010. The 69 dayss tth er hey ey sp pent e before the resscue iss the longest anyyone ha as been e trapp apped und dergro ound and lived. Their story o survival cap of ptu tur ured ed glo glo lob bal attention. Som ome e 1,5 1,5 500 jo 50 ou u urrnalists were at the mine to report on the rescue operation, which h wa was as bro oa adca cast live aroun nd the e world, including dramatic livve imag ges es of of th the he miners hugg ugging ing g re essc cuers w cu wh ho tra tra avele av eled down the sha haf ha afft to their refuge de eep in the mine. But the e mai a h ain he ero r for the Ch hilile ean ean a miners trapped half a mile underg erg gro rou ou und byy 700,00 ,000 000 tonn tonn onnes es of roc rockk, is Luiss Urz rzua, 54, 5 wh 54 who o was as the e ssh hift commander at the he tim ime of the dis disast aster er. Urzua U ua au ussed da alll his wits ts a an nd his is le leadership skills to help his m n remain men main calm calm for for the the 17 har harrow rowin ing ng g days it too oo ok for o rresscue cuers rs to o make ma e tthei heirr first first co onta tact ct. t Rescu scue ers h ers had foun fo d the men nm miirac r ulo ra ul usl usly ly aliv alive e with a bore hole the width of a g efrui grapef ruitit. It served d as a lifeli eline line to to pas pass hydration gel els, s, wat water er and nd food, fo as well as bibles les, lett letters ers from from th theiir the ir fam families and soccerr vide vide ideos to kee keep eep their spirits up.The total cost of th he rescue operation was estimated at $20mn a third covered by private donations with the rest coming from state-owned mining corporation Codelco and the government


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