UO MArch Thesis (Ethan Taing)

Jefferson High School

Re-imagining Urban Schools Professor: Gerry Gast Ethan Taing M.Arch Thesis University of Oregon 2016

Central Atrium

Design Monograph Concept Urban Context Site & Landscape Structure Space Planning Elevations Section Building Details

Research History Portland Public Schools Nature and Education Environment Sustainability Precedent

1.

Concept Statement

An Urban school is a complex that needs unique physical spaces that respond to an ever-changing program. Jefferson high school today is a critical piece to improve livability in north Portland. It will reduce a growing population’s carbon footprint by creating one-mile radius neighborhoods and by helping redefine a new center. Large physical spaces connect community needs with Jefferson’s innovative college course curriculum. The complex software results in large spaces that are strategically placed on the perimeter of the buildings to interact with the street.

2.

Terra Cotta Brick

Wood

Board Form Concrete

3.

Surrounding Context

New mix-use communities have been developed along Williams and Mississippi which both intersect Killingsworth Ave. and Alberta. Being adjacent to PCC, Jefferson can share amenities to use less and do more. Down south on Alberta is Humboldt Elementary School. It recent closure allows for a new opportunity to create a center of education for all ages. By creating schools close in proximity, the program operates more efficiently, and as a result, reduces the need for repetitive large spaces that consumes energy and valuable urban land. With the 2035 the surrounding neighborhood will more than double its density which means students will have to go to Jefferson to prevent Grant and Roosevelt from overcrowding.

4.

Portland Community College Killingsworth St. Jefferson High School N Williams ave

Athletic Field

I-5 Highway

Football Field/ Community Recreation Center

Alberta St.

Humboldt Elementary

North Portland Education Center

Major Roads with High Density

Urban Site Plan Redevelopment Light wood are the proposed new buildings to fill in empty lots close

by Jefferson.

5.

Public Semi-Public Private

Gradient of Privacy

North

South

North & South Lawn

6.

1

4

3

2

2

Blue: Circulation

1. Library

Green: Major Spaces

2. Dance/Theater

5

1 3 4

1. Urban Green Water Feature 2. Reflecting Pool

3. Existing Mult.

Library

3. Hilly Grass Mounds

4. Urban Green Plaza

4. Large Lawn 5. Sculpture Park

Circulation & Major Spaces

Urban Public Plaza

Urban Green Space

7.

Concrete

Concrete/Steel Hybrid

8.

Wood The play between structural materials was inspired by Verstas architect in how architecture can be playful to create curiosity in the built environment. Students will be able to understand each part of the building and function.

Freshman and Upper class men are separated due to the size of predicted student population. By separating into two groups it makes it easier for students to meet one and another and find their safety net before being put into a larger class. The two also have different schedules because freshmen don’t take PCC courses. Freshman are encouraged to export the school daily as they cross paths with unfamiliar faces.

9.

The Roof forms encourage and pushes people the edges of the building to be connected to nature.

Compression & Expansion

The central shaft acts as a water feature where roof drainage would occur to create white noise and a breeze during rain.

Interior Water Feature

North South Section

10.

A series of light wells are create to bring light deep into the building as well as create gathering spaces where the whole school seems visible.

Central Gathering Space & Light Well

Library & Sculpture Garden Community Amenity Space

Event Space

Dance & Theater Sport Facility

Amenity spaces are pushed to the edge in order for them to have their own entrances.

11.

South Elevation

North Elevation

East Section

West Section

12.

Building Form

Two bars are created with a large central student area in the center, splitting the large green space into two. The two spaces have many different qualities: one is defined by the edges of killingsworth Multnomah library, and the other by the ends of the two bars, which hold a new library, theater, and dance studio. The idea is to put these large spaces against Killingsworth and share the area with PCC and the Community, thus providing students with access to both PCC and the Community as a learning tool. The green space in between is a large wetland with a swerve path that acts as a buffer zone from Killingsworth. A boardwalk leads people to the entrance with a view of a reflection pool that collects rainwater in a poetic way. The water is then recycled and used for bathroom toilets and a cooling pond. The student center is made transparent by putting two large concrete structures parallel to the path traveled from the entrance. The student center is a space where people would go to navigate and circulate vertically to their destination. South of the student center is a large open green lawn that has unobstructed southern light for large gatherings or for leisure activities. The lawn looks into the football field and is flanked by the two bar’s ends, which hold the gym and freshmen learning suites. The two bars are created in order for freshman and upper class men to be separated for a smooth transition into high school. Jefferson has a unique curriculum that allows students to take college courses at PCC so the building had to accommodate different factions and be adaptable to the changing educational ambitions and diverse teaching styles. A variety of spaces are created to accommodate different tools needed for 21st century learning. At the same time a variety study spaces to have students feel comfortable and encouraged.

13.

East Elevation

West Elevation

East Section East Section

14.

Building special order

The building is split up into two bars, which hold different function that is connected by the student center.

On the west bar is a two story wood building that holds a large library, admin, and freshmen learning suites, in which they are encouraged to meet the upper-class men by going to kinetic wellness classes and elective courses located on the east bar. The electives are located on the top of the east bar to encourage students to find an interest that will direct the course of their post high school graduate years. Technology spaces are located on all 3 floors for students. There they can explore new technologies in order to excel in their specific subject, such as Jefferson’s bio medical program, giving biomed students access to a 3d printer to print human joints. Large spaces are located on the perimeter of the buildings, closest to street access on the first floor for the community and PCC students to have access during non-school hours. Learning suites are stacked vertically due to the fact that vertical circulation is much faster than horizontal. The two vertical stacks have much different feelings: the upper class is internal facing while the freshman stack looks outwards into nature. In both vertical stacks, the large atriums create a visual relationship between activities and educational groups to learn from one another.

15.

16.

An Urban school is a complex that needs unique physical spaces that respond to an ever-changing program. Jefferson high school today is a critical piece to improve livability in north Portland. It will reduce a growing population’s carbon footprint by creating one-mile radius neighborhoods and by helping redefine a new center. Large physical spaces connect community needs with Jefferson’s innovative college course curriculum. The complex software results in large spaces that are strategically placed on the perimeter of the buildings to interact with the street.

17.

18.

Jefferson High School History & Today Built over 100 years ago as the largest school in the nation, Jefferson has long held historical acclaim, having long been known for their undefeated basketball record from 1999 to 2000. Jefferson has a well-known Dance program founded in 1970. Historically, the area surrounding Jefferson has been a predominately African American, and one of the Oldest Schools in Portland that remain in use today. Jefferson opened its doors in 1908, prior to completion due to pressures of overcrowding in neighboring schools. It was the largest school in Portland at the time and is the oldest Portland school that remains. When built in 1909 Jefferson was the largest schoolhouse in the country. In the 1920’s enrollment passed 2,000 students and in 1940 there were 2,4000 students. In contrast to school’s history of large population, only 530 students attend Jefferson today, making the school’s student to facility ratio too great to be maintained without amounting excessive costs. The significant reduction in enrollment over the years can be sourced back to public policy originating in the 1970s. In 1970, Jefferson became a magnet school, and lessened the influence of school boundaries by permitting students who would have otherwise attended Jefferson go to closer schools, such as Grant, Benson and Roosevelt.

Jefferson has new educational philosophies and innovative thinking but lacks the facility that its needs today. In 1994, new interdisciplinary classes with flexible scheduling allowed the school to add a health an biotechnology program, college credit classes and courses at PCC, and organized clusters of individual student specific subjects. As the school grows Jefferson will be able to incorporate new courses that are related to the digital information age.

Jefferson currently has a renowned dance team giving the dance studio priority on the existing floor plan as shown located on the west bay window. The School also has a combination of double loaded corridor and single loaded corridor to help light circulation space for efficient day lighting in classrooms. PCC has a campus across Killingsworth. The school’s athletic fields and facilities have been recently updated with donations from Phill Knight. Jefferson athletic team is also known historically and recently a basketball state champion school. Due to the small student body and low enrollment, the high school only occupies the 1st and 2nd floor while accommodating SEI’s office above.

19.

20.

Jefferson High school, located on Portland’s North side and fully integrated within the Portland Public School system, is an ideal candidate for re-imaging how urban schools might prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century. Chief among those challenges is the difficulty of adapting to the changing nature of economic rewards within a globalized economy. Despite a history of middle class uplift reaped from industrial low tech manufacturing, factory demand for labor has shifted overseas, steadily receding ever since the mid 1970’s. Because the high-tech sectors of the economy have transformed to produce a better distribution of reward for labor, it only stands to reason that the American School system adapt its model so that students and their surrounding communities can better access high tech rewards. The heightened importance of the digital information age requires schools to improve and change their programs and facilities to accommodate the demands inherent within teaching models geared toward technical based education. Current models have only expanded the single-room schoolhouse, binding it together by double loaded corridor hallways, lined with lockers that compartmentalize learning only act to reinforce and encourages the passive reception and regurgitation of knowledge. Architecture acquiescent to a move away from compartmentalized learning can no longer be tolerated. A diverse school also allows students to be prepared for today’s world where “globalization has become a fact of life.” (Taylor Anne Pg. 54) Schools must make students feel comfortable and act as a place for them to go at all times. Today’s schools are geared towards “project-based learning which requires more learning space and architectural support for different space usage and for changing student/teacher/community relationships.” (Taylor Anne pg.32) Jefferson has an opportunity to change. The school’s facilities are old and outdated and the location is well enough situated to justify a re-imagination of the campus so that it can reduce overcrowding by pooling students from the greater metropolitan area, create new and efficient spaces for learning, all while preserving growth well into the future. A school built for the future would have to consider the natural environment as it fosters newfound styles of learning. Students should be able to learn from there built environment because “ we human beings exists as a part of and not apart from the environment” (Taylor Anne Pg. 46) Behavior science confirms the view that the natural environment allows students to adapt new challenges better because “brain-based education involves orchestrated immersion, relaxed alertness, and active processing.” (Taylor Anne Pg.48). Schools must be beautiful inside and out in order to help give hope to students who can be inspired by their communities commitment to the successes of local education; both the future of communities and students are intertwined. Students depend on current investment while communities rely upon the tax and social benefits of citizens who have been empowered by their education. Global warming is yet another challenge that poses consequences if not adequately addressed. Many scientists have argued that we have passed the point of no return. We must continue to fight and find a solution regardless if we fail or succeed, and urbanization is currently our best weapon against global warming. Investing in schools will be our best investment to solve global issues and stand a chance in today’s competitive global market.

Jefferson High School History & Today Current School Goals What are the goals of a carefully planned schedule?

• Preparation for college and/or career • Exposure to rigorous academic material • Opportunity to explore a great variety of electives • A transcript that is competitive for college applications • The option to secure extra support in academic areas that are challenging • Opportunity to earn college credit, reducing the cost of college • Preparation for college admission tests (SATs & ACTs Proposed Additional School Goals What are the goals of a carefully planned schedule?

• Create electives that help students transcripts stand out • Create a wide range of subjects for students to explore • Create a friendly and creative atmosphere • Create a space that students can use 24 hours • Create Space that fosters an active and interactive community • Add to community amenities • More Connected System within the Dual Assignment High Schools • Initiate Student Population Growth • Sustainable Urban School within Natural Phenomenons & Day lighting • Innovative interior design & furniture • Plant new hope in the Jefferson Community • Highlight the benefits of urban schools compared to suburbs

21.

Inspirational of quotes of Community-Commute-Innovation “Urban educators get so beat up and accused of negligence when students don’t succeed, but the whole community, the whole village, has to be responsible for the education of our children.” -Dr. Reginald Mayo, Superintendent “While 9 in 10 Americans think that all youth should have access to after-school programs, two-thirds say it is difficult to find programs locally.”

“My family believed in the public school because they believed in a community” -garrison Keilor “The percentage of children who live within a mile of school and who walk or bike to school has declined by nearly 25% in the last 30 years. Barely 21% of children today live within one mile of their school.”

“Obesity in children has increased from about 4% in the 1960’s to close to 20% in 2004.” “ Students with limited classroom daylight were outperformed by those with the most natural light by 20% in math and 26% on reading tests” “It is the tension between creativity and skepticism that has produced the stunning and unexpected findings in science.” -Carl Sagan

Benefits of Focus School & Advance Studies

Jefferson is set up as a focus school, which allows students to pick a specialty offered within courses offered

by PCC, PSU and Jefferson. With the combination of the three institutions, Jefferson is able to maintain an innovative curriculum that can be molded to meet students individualized needs. The various avenues available for students mitigate the narrow curriculum options that schools faced when contained to a single institution. As a result, the smaller number of students at Jefferson is a non-issue because there is no need for 20 students per class if students can go off campus and join other college students.

Jefferson High School operates as a middle college for advanced studies and it allows students to take general education, giving counselors the opportunity to individualize each student’s curriculum towards a goal agreeable to both parties. Jefferson being a middle college allows students to get a head start on their college education while having their transcript stand out academically from other applicants. That being said, students at Jefferson who maintain a minimum GPA are accepted to UO and OSU or any other Oregon college by default. Acceptance however, doesn’t necessarily translate into college success. Many students cannot afford to attend a four year university without scholarships, but new improvements aim to help students succeed in receiving scholarships and graduating college. Programs such as philanthropy and community service combine with Jefferson’s well known athletic program and dance team help increase the chances that a student receives scholarships and financial aid.

22.

http://www.pps.k12.or.us/files/data-analysis/PPS_Enrollment_Report_2014-15_v3.pdf

Portland will need a sufficient amount of new school facilities if the population of “36 percent of Portlanders between ages 25 to 44” decide to start a family within the urban growth boundaries. Currently a larger number of Children under 17 live within the Washington and Hood River County, which are suburbs of Portland, have better school facilities and children friendly neighborhoods that include many amenities during and after school. In order to convince people with families to move closer, young adults interested in starting a family in the city need an educational draw. The PPS Bonds must look at all its schools to insure affordable housing for all families have access to schools that are updated for the 21st century and beyond, as well as added amenity for the students and community. There also has been a recent change in the amount of kids who live in the city that can be caused by overcrowded schools with very little recreational and community amenities that are offered in the suburbs of Portland.

“According to the 2010 Census, Portland is home to about 76,300 children ages 5 to 17, down by more than 2,800 from 2000.”

Jefferson’s High school size can accommodate over 2000 students but due to the negative stigmas that people have around the neighborhood, a new small school maybe more manageable while giving Jefferson high school better fresh start. Jefferson’s current facilities are outdated and a new school can also help people see how a school facility can respond to a innovative curriculum. Jefferson’s student population is predicted to grow to 800 students within 5 years due to the programs offered, with in statistics its number has been reduced since 2006-2007 which may show that the outdated facility is deterring enrollment.

Jefferson High School

23.

Neighborhood Context

Jefferson Community

In order to improve enrollment, future action will need to be taken as well as continued improvement to the curriculum once enrollment increases. Jefferson High school’s community posses many resources that can further improve student life. By sharing with the community Jefferson will share resources with it’s neighborhood to maximize efficient use of space.

Location of outside of school resource

(1) SEI Campus is located on the south which can reduce its presence within the school to just an office while students with extra needed attention can go to the SEI’s campus.

(2) University of Portland Concordia University can also be involved once Jefferson has expanded to a point where Jefferson can ensure that ever student has a chance to take a college courses from all academic levels.

(3) Ivy school is adjacent to legacy hospital which is a program where high school students can volunteer to help mentor children around the neighborhood after school.

(4) Legacy hospital can also help future improve Jefferson biotechnology program.

(5) King Neighborhood association is a land use committee that students can volunteer to help improve the neighborhood to make this area family friendly.

(6) Surrounding elementary and middle schools can also be connected to Jefferson to allow for shared amenities such as athletic facilities and students who are interested in becoming a teacher can teach courses or shadow teachers.

(7) Surrounding parks in green is an amenity for the community but is still in need of a gym and community space, as well as a recreational center to keep kids active after school.

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4. 1.

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24.

Low Density Single Family

1

Killingsworth Retail

Multnomah county Library Rosemary Anderson High School

Multi-Family Complex

Existing School

Low Density Single Family

s Ave. William

Mississippi St.

Portland Community College

2

3

Alberta St.

4

Commercial Streets& Transportation

The location of Jefferson high school is unique that its adjacent to killings worth and Alberta street and 2-3 blocks away from Williams Ave. & Mississippi St. The commercial streets provides the school with transportation that students at Jefferson can capitalize on in order to commute to near by colleges or community resources.

1

2

3

4

Jefferson High School Program & Spaces Space

General Education

Main Entrance & Circulation Space

Library

Open Classroom Concept

Science & Technology Lab

Gymnasium

Hours of Operation

School Hours

24 Hours

12 Hours

School Hours

School Hours

12 Hours

Adjacent Spaces

Occupancy

1250

N/A

250

500

500

1250

25..

Size

Description

38,883 SF

The classrooms will be packed together in plan to allow for flexible partitions in between to allow for large and small classroom sizes. Each classroom will spill out into the main circulation space to allow flexibility for group gathering spaces.

33,676 SF

Circulation is not only for passing period due to its adjacently and wide hallways, classrooms and other spaces are able to spill out to expand.

26,191 SF

The library is also includes computer labs that act as a resource for students to explore new technology or technology they don’t have access to. It will also include nice seating arrangements using book selves to create study nooks with different noise levels.

18,224 SF

These Classrooms are located above the student center with a view down a staggered void while connected to nature with a outdoor space in the heart. Some open classrooms are scattered throughout the building to that allows for students to use the door less rooms during off hours.

17,219 SF

Due to Jefferson’s Bio Medical program and the ability to take PCC Course requires a lot of resources. Courses can even be held at the high school itself being taught by PCC professors.

15,925 SF

A gymnasium is important to all schools and needed for students to stay active there will be an added state of the art fitness room, which will be suspended in the double height space of the gym. This will reduce the double height spaces that are not required for the activities within.

The student center acts as a Cafeteria and Even Space. During off hours students can come study or hangout with friends. This is the heart of the school where students have access to a variety of adjacent outdoor spaces.

Student Center

School Hours

535

14,109 SF

Gallery

School Hours

500

10,000 SF

A major cuirculation point horizontally and vertically as its located in the center ajacent to Large spaces such as open classrooms and student center.

Jefferson High School Program & Spaces Space Student Lounge

Hours of Operation 24 Hours

Adjacent Spaces

Occupancy 415

26.

Size

Description

8,500 SF

Theater & Performing Arts

School Hours

535

8,100 SF

Dance Studio

24 Hours

500

5,000 SF

Facility Use Space

24 Hours

N/A

The student Lounge is the cafeteria but allows for the large space to be broken up for student clubs or space that students can reserve.

A theater space that can be open after hours where there will be a black box movie theater for the community to use. This will also allow for the dance team to have a performance space.

A state of the art dance studio will be on display within the main entrance and circulation space to celebrate the accomplishment of Jefferson dance team.

5,000 SF

Bathrooms, Mechanical spaces, janitorial rooms. These spaces will help the building utilize sun light by being placed and locations where daylight is unable to penetrate.

Sustainable equipment located in the basement also take up a large sum of building space such as geothermal and solar panels.

Teachers Office

24 Hours

40

3044 SF

The teachers office will all be located in one location in order for interdisciplinary interacting.

Teachers are able to find out what individual students excel at.

Administration

School Hours

30

2,640 SF

Will include a large conference room with office space. This will also house the SCI program as well as all counselors.

Nurse Clinic

School Hours

500

1,122 SF

Basic health clinic services such as flu shots and advising for child health care.

Jefferson High School Building Total SF = 202,633 SF

Community Center Alberta Street creates an opportunity for a new recreational center that connects Humboldt Elementary to Jefferson High School. The community center is created to allow parents to have access to amenity spaces where they can meet other student parents. This community space also allows for classes such as art and a woodshop to be located close by campus where students can take courses that count towards their high school degree.

Community Recreation Center

Community Lounge

24 Hours

250

38,500 SF

A free gym for students attending Jefferson High School will provide athletes with a more personal gym. This is also an added amenity for community members.

24 Hours

500

4,000 SF

A Community Lounge is create for a separation of lounges that are open at all hours.

Jefferson High School Space Proportions & Size

27.

Student Resource

Library 26,191 SF

Teacher Office 3,044 SF

Gallery 10,000 SF Administration 2,640 SF

Support Space

Main Entrance & Circulation Space 33,676 SF

Nurse Clinic 1,122 SF Student Center 14,109 SF

Facilities Use Space 5,000 SF

General Education Science & Technology Lab 17,219 SF 30 Classrooms 38,883 SF Open Classroom Concept 18,224 SF

Non Academic Student Space Gym 15,925 SF

Dance Studio 5,000 SF Student Lounge 8,500 SF

Performing Arts 8,100 SF

Jefferson High School Daylight and Natural Phenomenon

The classroom window in many cases is used to allow light and air to come into a classroom. Openings should control glare and be aware of what the opening frames in order to bring the outside in. natural phenomenon’s help bring nature into our built environments and blur the line of built vs. nature. There are various studies of how all three strategies of further improving classroom light qualities help foster learning. According to researchers at University of Sterling “Daydreaming pupils who stare into space in class are actually the most intelligent”. The goal is to be able to find a way to create a room environment that is comfortable and not distracting because there is a fine line between daydreaming and being distracted.

People who are distracted are not paying attention vs people who stare into space are pondering and curious about the subject taught in class. Students don’t always have to look at front of the class to understand what’s going on. The researchers at University of Sterling also “believe paying attention distracts children because their brains are too busy trying to interpret visual cues from the teacher.” That being said the ideal world of a classroom is to allow for them to look into nature to induce daydreaming. Students who daydream tend to think passionately and deeply about a specific topic. Students at Jefferson are able to pick their own curriculum due to the fact that Jefferson promotes students to be self-engaged and selflearners. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023712/Daydreaming-pupils-stare-space-class-actually-intelligent-finds-study.html#ixzz3uuoJzGqI

28.

Jefferson High School Daylight and Natural Phenomenon

29.

Kevin Nute “Vital”

Shadows casted on the concrete of Toyo Ito “Chapel of the Wind” creates a calming effect that can students can stare into while listing to teachers.

Mitsui Sumitomo Building court- yard contains a glistening water reflection on top of the ceiling- when the sun hits the reflection pool at a right angle.

Skylights at Mizu no Yakata allows captures water and creates a pool allowing for rain drops to create ripples while dampening the sound of rain drops.

When being at Fallingwater regardless of the location I was in the home it was calming due to the sound of a consistent waterfall creating white noise.

An aerial view looking towards Portland from the 8th floor being less distracting because its hard to make out figures and distracting movements.

The intersection of Jefferson high school and PCC would be distracting due street traffic and pedestrians. This would be a highly distracting scenario.

http://architizer.com/projects/garoa/

An image of wind veil by ned kahn shows how architecture can respond to wind. The metaphoric metal squares act as a leaf of a tree.

Kevin Nute “Vital”

Kevin Nute “Vital”

http://nedkahn.com

Range of Aperture Scenarios to Bring Nature in Classrooms

Garoa in San Paublo is an example of how a courtyard environment can create non distracting nature into a school environment.

Jefferson High School Daylight and Natural Phenomenon

30.

Kevin Nute “Vital”

Similar to a human heartbeat, nature’s rate of movement is sporadic. A heart rate rises and lowers but remains consistent, and as a result, produces a calming effect. Nature plays an integrated role by producing calming effects similar to the human heartbeat. Natural phenomena can also reduce stress levels and improve the rate of medical healing for patients. This effect can also help induce day dreaming and imaginative thought. For nature based inspired learning to take place, nature must have the opportunity to captivate students by bridging a window into between their heart rates and the rhythm of naturally functioning systems. Nature’s frequency is almost always lower than our heart beat. Below is a variety of ways to help induce and bring nature in. The least distractive and most effective would be number 4— an artificial sunlight to shin through gaps of a tree that is consistently moving through outside air, but number 1, which is a natural phenomenon, is more effective at simulating nature but slightly more distractive.

Jefferson High School Sustainability Framework

31.

Arch 507 Green in Practice Seminar Advisor: David Posada Ethan Taing M.Arch Candidate University of Oregon

Baseline Model Building Orientation Energy Use Day lighting Building Form

50% Benchmark Energy Use Day lighting Building Form

100% Benchmark Energy Use Day lighting Rainwater Re-use Heating/Cooling Enclosure Sustainable Software

Baseline

50 %

100%

32.

Jefferson High School Sustainability Framework

Benchmark & Strategies

Baseline Model The Baseline Model is the general massing of the building that allows for large outdoor spaces to be southern and northern lit. The building is given a disadvantage facing east and west and is in need of shading devices. The baseline model currently lacks of shading devices and needs to be refined before apply sustainable strategies in order to get good results. It is performing under ASHRAE standards and is over lit significantly increasing cooling needs.

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LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

Daylighting Its important to have a good baseline model in order to pick all the low hanging fruits before implementing sustainability strategies. The baseline model shown is a long and skinny building form that allows light to get into the center of the building.

Large spaces are placed on the ends of the building in order to bring in light from north and south.

35.

Benchmark & Strategies

Cooling

Heating

50% Benchmark

The 50% Benchmark is as good as the physical form of the building can get in improving energy-use and day lighting.

The model is performing better then ASHRAE standards and is capitalizing on shading to reduce over lit/glare issues and reducing annual space cooling by 400,000 KBTU. The monthly heat gain chart is dramatically different as the values of KBTU have been reduced. In order to move forward with this models sustainable strategies can be applied to further improve the building performance. Ground Water Temperature allows of a heating/cooling pump to be used in order to reduce energy use for cooling and peak space cooling demand should be recognized in sync with heating in order to find the sweet spot for window/wall specifications.

36.

LEVEL 1

Daylighting

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

This model is showing a better gradient vs the baseline as schools need flexible lighting depending on the task. This daylighing benefits from large overhangs and the integration of a mesh screen that shades the west facade with deciduous vines that provides more shading during the summer time. By using vines during the summer it would reduce the over lit spaces significantly then shown on page 3. The use of nature as a kinetic shading devices reduces maintenance while providing a dynamic lighting scheme that brings nature into learning environments.

37.

Daylighting

Natural Ventilation

Facade Opacity Control & Roof PV

Ground Source Pump

Rain Water Retention

Heating & Cooling / Air Circulation System

100% Benchmark

In order to create a reduction of energy use by 50% is to use some of the sustainable technologies we have today. The key to being successful in implementing such technologies is to have it have more then one use. For example the sun shading on the west facade is a wire mesh screen that has vines growing on them but also act as a gutter to bring water from the roof into a rain garden below. In order to reduce the largest energy consumer a energy use pie chart was used to visually understand tactics needed to make a greater impact.

38.

Benchmark & Strategies

Heat Pump: Capacity 20 tons with seasonal COP 3.5 Facade Opacity: North-75%, East-75% South-75% West-61% Solar Panels: 70% of Roof Area with PV Efficeiency of 8% Natural Ventilation: 6.5% Opperable Windows with

Annual Energy Consumption Annual Energy Use per Gross Internal Area Annual Utility Cost Annual Space Cooling Annual Space Heating Annual Grid Fuel Used

Sustainable Tactics

The major impact was energy used for cooling. 6.5% operable windows that are placed strategically for cross-ventilation will reduce cooling cost by more then half of the energy used in the 50% model. The use of solar panels also played a major roll in reducing space heating by heat pumps which can also be applied to cooling. The amount of CO2 production through energy used was reduced by 60% by various strategies. Since the HVAC system is placed in the basement the roof was utilized for outdoor space for students, solar panels, and rain water collection. The solar panel was a major player for energy use by reducing grid dependency by 29%. Rain water collection was able to be utilized for 32% of the water used in the school. The collection of tactics were the major players to reducing energy used.

39.

Envelope The envelope is designed to have 3 materials brown terra-cotta bricks, wood and board form concrete. The image on the top uses the terra-cotta and wood material as a coat in order to reduce structural thermal bridging. The terra-cotta material is used also as a thermal mass in harmony to the concrete in order for resistance to dramatic thermal changes. The Envelope is also low maintenance in the fact that its easy to clean as a planer surface on the outside and long lasting by the protection of long overhangs. The lower image shows a fully glazed facade system that allows the mullion spacings allow for furring walls to be placed in order to reach an ideal glazing to wall percentage for heating & cooling. Glass facades are as low maintenance as the gaskets provided.

Roof

Wall & Roof

Facade

40.

Data

The graphs were key to providing a good 50% benchmark model in order for the sustainable tactics to have a greater impact. Each spec was used for the 50% model and gave an estimate of a system that will have the best outcome for heating and cooling. As cooling is a dominating energy user some specs may vary to favor cooling rather then heating.

Heating is not a major concern due to the hours fully occupied.

Local Farms | School Gardens | Local Economy Sysco Foods lthy Foods To Students

food is aclose large food distributor in Wilsonville that pools frombe a large 100-150and MileMoomaw radius. It’s unable to depend on local farmers due to the size Jefferson High Sysco school has proximity to located near by farms. AnOregon example would Cal Farm needs of produce and meats.

They currently and get their produce the Willamette valley and meats near

by Seattle from Agri Beef. Its lower quality foods which Farm located inand Oregon City.

Its ideal if both produce meat can from be picked up with just one load reducing sysco typically supplies for foods have a much larger radius up to 1000 miles to supply frozen processed foods such as Tyson chicken. transportation cost.

Sustainable School

pical School

41.

Local Farm Proximity

10 Mile AVG

10 Mile AVG

Mile AVG

Mile AVG

150 Mile Radius

100 Mile Radius

10 Mile Radius

150 Mile Radius

100 Mile Radius

Local Farms | School Gardens | Local Economy Jefferson High school has close proximity to near by farms. An example would be Cal Farm and Moomaw Farm located in Oregon City. Its ideal if both produce and meat can be picked up with just one load reducing transportation cost.

10 Mile Radius

ounds of Carbon 34.4 Pounds of Carbon

nds of Carbon

Willamette Seasons Willamette ValleyValley Seasons Local Farm Proximity Local Farms | Local Economy

and removing a large food supplier from the chain,

dents to receive healthier and fresher food.Jefferson A reduction High school has close proximity to near supplier from the chain, ion will also contribute to conservation of fossil fuel and nd fresher A reduction by farms.

An example would be Cal Farm and using humanfood. labor instead of large food processers it nservation of fossil fuel consumption. and to locals and reduce energy Moomaw Farm located in Oregon City. Its ideal if of large food processers it both produce and meat can be picked up with just y consumption.

Healthy Foods To Students Typical School

Local Farms | School Gardens | L Jefferson High school has close p Portland is surrounded by agricultural Farm located in Oregon City. Its i land and is capable of supplying its transportation cost.

Local Farm:

mi trucks mpg is at 6.5. About 22.38 pounds of carbon is very gallon of diesel according to EPA.

ut 22.38 pounds of carbon is ing to EPA.

All meat should come from local farms that is non a GMO farms. Produce will come from these farms during season. Portland is fortunate to be located within the Willamette Valley That produces a great deal of produce and meat.

Sysco food is a large food distrib and needs of produce and meats sysco typically supplies for foods

Local Farm Proxi

one load reducing transportation cost.

uck MPG & Carbon Footprint

arbon Footprint

Sustainable School

Sysco Foods

125 Mile AVG

own food source due to the long grow-

season 10ing Mile AVGof the Willamette valleygrowing season.

Portland

is surrounded by agricultural land and is capable of supplying its own food source due to the long growing season of the Willamette valleygrowing season.

School Gardens:

School gardens is capable of growing a few items that students can learn and produce their own produce that is served at lunch.

15 Mile AVG 34.4 Pounds of Carbon

Produce Distributors:

School gardens is capable of growing a few items that students can learn and produce their own produce that is served at lunch.

ecotrust Portland

Farm to School Program Connecting small and mid-size farmers with large institutions like schools is a major thrust of Ecotrust’s food and farms work. In our farm to school work, we partner with a wide range of school districts, focusing on low-income schools and preschools to ensure that all children have access to healthy,

Sustainable Foods

482 Pounds of Carbon

Willamette Valley

By prepping and removing a large food supplier from the chain, By prepping and removing a large food supplier from allows for students to receive healthier and fresher food. A reduction the inchain, allowswillfor toconservation receive healthier transportation alsostudents contribute to of fossil fuel and air. Byfood. using human labor instead of large food processers andclean fresher A reduction in transportation will it will give jobs to locals and reduce energy consumption. also contribute to conservation of fossil fuel and clean air. By using human labor instead of large food processes it will give jobs to locals and reduce energy consumption.

Semi Truck MPG & Carbon Footprint An average semi trucks mpg is at 6.5. About 22.38 pounds of carbon is produced for every gallon of diesel according to EPA.

Its important to have a good baseline model in order to pick all the low hanging fruits before implementing sustainability strategies. The 100% benchmark doesn’t end at just building performance but on other industry related to schools in providing students resources to excel in education. Local and sustainability can create high quality foods that will keep students healthy and enjoying eating as a way to take a break from the need to perform in a competitive education process. The idea of a partnership with PCC and having students take college courses also come with a responsibility to put the education in the students own hands.

42.

Home

Cafateria School

Class

Kenetic Wellness

Performance / Lecture

Daily life of a student

The school acts as an extension of students living room after school. Zoning changed around Jefferson to allow higher density single family homes with lot sizes as low as 1000 SF. Large major spaces are used at all times and is passively heated/cooled.

Low Impact Lives

Schools should be looked at as an extension to the community that allows students to live in a smaller home but have the community act as their dinning and living room. Jefferson is intended to act as a public library that is more gear towards the community. Its fortunate to have Mult. Library on the north east corner of the site and beneficial adjacencies that will help vitalize this theory. RENSONÂŽ Has a window system that can be technology driven to provide the needed ventilation system to ensure that 6.5% of the windows are open to reduce 15% of annual energy cost.

Jefferson High School Furniture Design Idea

43.

Design

School furniture that fits its design purpose to have a cohesive concept fosters learning by reducing the barriers it once had. For example school desk and chairs were once connected to one and another and still exist today. Desk that are connected makes it heavy to move around and reduces the friendliness of group work in a school environment. There are subjects such as science that needs heavy desk that aren’t moveable for safety reason. Each classroom subject must be addressed differently in order to have furniture that encourage learning.

Lockers

With today’s high-tech technology a locker can now be slick and can either be activated by a smart phone or a finger print. this will reduce the amount of exposed ins and outs the traditional lockers have in order to accommodate a lock without being hazardous. With the lockers being a flat plane it will allow them to be in more ideal locations such as a the main entrance of a school that is surrounded by the classrooms which creates spaces that are extensions to the classroom.

Chairs

Stack-able chairs are ideal in order to conserve space but the key is to have them also be comfortable such as ergonomic which induces blood flow throughout the body.

Tables

Classroom tables should be light and easy to move for the individual needs such as adjustable light levels for task. For a library fixed desk will be acceptable to signify a use per space. A business class should be designed like a conference room style to help students get in the mind-set of the subject.

Precedents Bringing in Nature Poetically (Chiarano Primary School / C+S Architects)

An interior courtyard idea dose not always have to be located on the ground Chiarano Primary School uses the courtyard idea that comes through the roof and floats above a the library. This works as a light self as well as lighting control for books. Trees will fast shadows within the room and students biological clock will always have a good sense of the time and external weather. When raining students will see the rain drops hitting the tree and moving the leaves. Rain will also stick to the glass and cast a show indoor blurring the lines between indoor/outdoor. Wind will also be significantly noticeable because trees will move being exposed to the eternal weather. In the section below shows that the adjacent spaces are all non classrooms which defeats the purpose of bringing in nature to classrooms rather then having them face black top with excessive heating issues as scene from the photo below.

44.

Precedents Internal Design Natural & Man Made Spaces Ecole des Bartelottes à la Villedu-Bois / NOMADE Architects

The two examples below both have intentions of what spaces frame the courtyard and atrium space. Within Ecole, a natural reflection pool and tall grass fill most of the space of the courtyard, allowing for students to gather in specific locations where there is hardscape. A class room then frames floor to ceiling height windows towards a reflection pool. By allowing for light to shimmer, the light active compared to changing sun angles throughout the day. Lycee has a central atrium that has student lounge spaces and classrooms to look down below. When a student space is framing this active atrium it is successful in the sense that it’s lively and connected, but when a class room is framing this atrium space, it may be distracting at times for kids to pay attention during class.

Lycée International Nelson Mandela / François Leclercq et Associés

45.

Precedents Dense Urban School (Escuelas Pias de San Anton / Estudio Gonzalo Moure)

An example of how urban schools turn away from streets to reduce distractions from students. Some activity such as Lunchrooms, Art Studio, and other electives may benefit from being on the street for display but general education courses need space that is calming to help students daydream about the subjects they are involved in. Escuelas uses the green space as a mediator for the urban kaois outside. Classrooms are lined up above and major circulation spaces protrude out into the courtyard to encourage students to move around and be active by giving them a place of solace. It is important to keep kids active in school because it helps the blood flowing and reduces stress by taking a break between classes. When students go from one class to another they must not be in a corridor lined with lockers but in one with nature to help clear their minds before the next subject.

46.

Precedents 5 Senses in Nature (Hakusui Nursery School)

A school in Chiba, Japan uses a concept where it brings nature into our built environment, allowing the two environments to coalesce into one world. The tree like columns lifts up the roof of a full glazed glass box. The sloped roof is used to capture rain into a garden space that allows for students to play. Sliding doors allow for natural ventilation as it rises to the top with large glazed walls that open up into a balcony with mountain views. The idea of having a corrugated metal roof also allows students to enable their 5 senses: touch, sight, smell, taste, and hearing, the natural elements that are changing daily in their lives. In order to provide separated functional classrooms, small pods are created for activities such as reading and lessons for quietness while still creating exposure to the elements. Early childhood through 8th grade has programs with a higher level of flexibility than high school. The goal is to bring in those elements while maintaining the functional needs of a high school.

47.

Precedents Conclusion

Nature has a healing capability that has been proven “Existing evidence of the human needs for nature and change suggested that bringing natural change indoors would almost certainly be good for people.� (Vital Kevin Nute, Page 12) Merging this phenomenon with the typology of schools will reduce the number kids with attention deficient disorder as well as help kids retain more information. There is a difference between students who are distracted and daydreaming. When they are daydreaming they are thinking about the subject on a much deeper level and playing out different scenarios of possibilities. Students get distracted when there is there is moment that is caused by other people or if its poor classroom conditions students will think about how much longer then have to be in there for. Architecture can interact with the three elements in many ways, and at times can combine them together. Jefferson high school will deal with urban growth, sustainability, natural phenomenon, and interior. Many of I.M Peis buildings focuses on the users by designing buildings inside out. Schools main user should be students inside where architecture can foster learning schools should also provide an image from the outside that students are our future. If we can get students to start looking outside while paying attention to class, students will be more intelligent and less distracted. We rather have students look outside at beautiful nature then to think about what they have to do next and issues they have in their life.

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49.

Taylor, Anne P., and Katherine Enggass. Linking Architecture and Education: Sustainable Design for Learning Environments. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico, 2009. Print.

Ginn, Matthew. Matthew Ginn’s Portland Public Schools Photo Tour: Jefferson and Grant. Portland: n.p., n.d. PDF. Nute, Kevin. Vital. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. <https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/vital/id926622523?mt=13>.

Allen, Ricky. “Jefferson High School Vice Principle.” Personal interview.

Chapman, Peyton. “Lincoln High School Principle.” Personal interview.

“PCC Community.” Portland Community College. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.pcc.edu/about/ magazine/documents/ communities-14-winter.pdf>.

Laura Clark for the Daily Mail. “Daydreaming Pupils Who Stare into Space in Class Are Actually the Most Intelligent, Finds Study.” Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers, n.d. Web. <http://www.dailymail. co.uk/news/article-1023712/Daydreaming-pupils-stare-space-class-actually-intelligent-finds-study. html#ixzz3uuoJzGqI>.

PPS, comp. “Education: Comprehensive Schools.” Education Specifications (n.d.): n. pag. Web. <http:// www.pps.k12. or.us/files/schoolmodernization/PPS_Comp_HS_Ed_Spec_V_2.pdf>.

PPS. “2013-14 Attendance Area Map.” (2013): n. pag. Web. <http://www.pps.k12.or.us/files/about-us/ PPS_District.pdf>.

Oregonian, Nikole Hannah-Jones The. “Fewer Oregon Homes Include Children, New Census Data Show.” Oregon Live.

N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2011/05/fewer_ oregon_homes_include_ children_new_census_data_show.html>.

Cannon Design, VS Furniture, and Bruce Mau Design. The Third Teacher: A Collaborative Project: OWP/P Architects VS Furniture Bruce Mau Design. New York: Abrams, 2010. Print.

PPC. “October 1, 2014 Enrollment - Summary Comparison.” Portland Public Schools October 1, 2014 Enrollment Summary Comparison (n.d.): n. pag. Web. <October 1, 2014 Enrollment - Summary Com- parison> “International Schools in Chicago.” British School of Chicago. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nordangliaeducation.com/ourschools/chicago>.

Resource

Walter Payton College Prep. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2016. <http://www.wpcp.org/>.

Images http://ykdw.org/works/hakusui-nursery-school/ http://web.cipiuesse.it http://www.gonzalomoure.com http://www.nomade.info/accueil Matthew Ginn/Homestead Images