Jefferson High School Sustainability Framework

Jefferson Sustainability Framework Arch 507 Green in Practice Seminar Advisor: David Posada Ethan Taing M.Arch Candidate University of Oregon

Baseline Model Building Orientation Energy Use Day lighting Building Form

50% Benchmark Energy Use Day lighting Building Form

100% Benchmark Energy Use Day lighting Rainwater Re-use Heating/Cooling Enclosure Sustainable Software

Baseline

50 %

100%

Benchmark & Strategies

Baseline Model The Baseline Model is the general massing of the building that allows for large outdoor spaces to be southern and northern lit. The building is given a disadvantage facing east and west and is in need of shading devices. The baseline model currently lacks of shading devices and needs to be refined before apply sustainable strategies in order to get good results.

It is performing under ASHRAE standards and is over lit significantly increasing cooling needs.

1.

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

Daylighting Its important to have a good baseline model in order to pick all the low hanging fruits before implementing sustainability strategies. The baseline model shown is a long and skinny building form that allows light to get into the center of the building.

Large spaces are placed on the ends of the building in order to bring in light from north and south.

2.

Benchmark & Strategies

Cooling

Heating

50% Benchmark

3.

The 50% Benchmark is as good as the physical form of the building can get in improving energy-use and day lighting. The model is performing better then ASHRAE standards and is capitalizing on shading to reduce over lit/glare issues and reducing annual space cooling by 400,000 KBTU. The monthly heat gain chart is dramatically different as the values of KBTU have been reduced. In order to move forward with this models sustainable strategies can be applied to further improve the building performance. Ground Water Temperature allows of a heating/cooling pump to be used in order to reduce energy use for cooling and peak space cooling demand should be recognized in sync with heating in order to find the sweet spot for window/wall specifications.

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

Daylighting This model is showing a better gradient vs the baseline as schools need flexible lighting depending on the task. This daylighing benefits from large overhangs and the integration of a mesh screen that shades the west facade with deciduous vines that provides more shading during the summer time. By using vines during the summer it would reduce the over lit spaces significantly then shown on page 3. The use of nature as a kinetic shading devices reduces maintenance while providing a dynamic lighting scheme that brings nature into learning environments.

4.

Daylighting

Natural Ventilation

Facade Opacity Control & Roof PV

Ground Source Pump

Rain Water Retention

Heating & Cooling / Air Circulation System

100% Benchmark In order to create a reduction of energy use by 50% is to use some of the sustainable technologies we have today. The key to being successful in implementing such technologies is to have it have more then one use. For example the sun shading on the west facade is a wire mesh screen that has vines growing on them but also act as a gutter to bring water from the roof into a rain garden below. In order to reduce the largest energy consumer a energy use pie chart was used to visually understand tactics needed to make a greater impact.

5.

Benchmark & Strategies

Heat Pump: Capacity 20 tons with seasonal COP 3.5 Facade Opacity: North-75%, East-75% South-75% West-61% Solar Panels: 70% of Roof Area with PV Efficeiency of 8% Natural Ventilation: 6.5% Opperable Windows with

Annual Energy Consumption Annual Energy Use per Gross Internal Area Annual Utility Cost Annual Space Cooling Annual Space Heating Annual Grid Fuel Used

Sustainable Tactics The major impact was energy used for cooling. 6.5% operable windows that are placed strategically for cross-ventilation will reduce cooling cost by more then half of the energy used in the 50% model. The use of solar panels also played a major roll in reducing space heating by heat pumps which can also be applied to cooling. The amount of CO2 production through energy used was reduced by 60% by various strategies. Since the HVAC system is placed in the basement the roof was utilized for outdoor space for students, solar panels, and rain water collection. The solar panel was a major player for energy use by reducing grid dependency by 29%. Rain water collection was able to be utilized for 32% of the water used in the school. The collection of tactics were the major players to reducing energy used.

6.

Building Natural Resource Use Data

7.

Building Natural Resource Use Data

8.

Building Natural Resource Use

9.

Building Natural Resource Use

10.

Envelope

11.

The envelope is designed to have 3 materials brown terra-cotta bricks, wood and board form concrete. The image on the top uses the terra-cotta and wood material as a coat in order to reduce structural thermal bridging. The terra-cotta material is used also as a thermal mass in harmony to the concrete in order for resistance to dramatic thermal changes. The Envelope is also low maintenance in the fact that its easy to clean as a planer surface on the outside and long lasting by the protection of long overhangs. The lower image shows a fully glazed facade system that allows the mullion spacings allow for furring walls to be placed in order to reach an ideal glazing to wall percentage for heating & cooling. Glass facades are as low maintenance as the gaskets provided.

Facade Wall & Roof Roof Data The graphs were key to providing a good 50% benchmark model in order for the sustainable tactics to have a greater impact. Each spec was used for the 50% model and gave an estimate of a system that will have the best outcome for heating and cooling. As cooling is a dominating energy user some specs may vary to favor cooling rather then heating.

Heating is not a major concern due to the hours fully occupied.

12.

food is aclose large food distributor in Wilsonville that pools frombe a large 100-150and MileMoomaw radius. It’s unable to depend on local farmers due to the size Jefferson High Sysco school has proximity to located near by farms. AnOregon example would Cal Farm and needs of produce and meats.

They currently and get their produce from the Willamette valley and meats near

by Seattle from Agri Beef. Its lower quality foods which Farm located in Oregon City.

Its ideal if both produce meat can be picked up with just one load reducing able School sysco typically supplies for foods have a much larger radius up to 1000 miles to supply frozen processed foods such as Tyson chicken. transportation cost.

Local Farm Proximity

100 Mile Radius

Local Farms | School Gardens | Local Economy Jefferson High school has close proximity to near by farms. An example would be Cal Farm and Moomaw Farm located in Oregon City. Its ideal if both produce and meat can be picked up with just one load reducing transportation cost.

e AVG

150 Mile Radius

100 Mile Radius

10 Mile Radius 10 Mile Radius

s of Carbon

Willamette Seasons Willamette ValleyValley Seasons Local Farm Proximity Local Farms | Local Economy

er from the chain, sher food. A reduction Jefferson ation of fossil fuel and High school ne food processers it An example would be d sumption.

has close proximity to near by farms.

Cal Farm and Moomaw Farm located in Oregon City. Its ideal if both produce and meat can be picked up with just one load reducing transportation cost.

Healthy Foods To Students Typical School

EPA.

is

Farm to School Program Connecting small and mid-size farmers with large institutions like schools is a major thrust of Ecotrust’s food and farms work.

In our farm to school work, we partner with a wide range of school districts, focusing on low-income schools and preschools to ensure that all children have access to healthy, local food. And we advocate for policies that strengthen Oregon’s agricultural economy and create local jobs.

Sysc and n sysco

Loc

Loca Jeffe Portland is surrounded by agricultural Farm land and is capable of supplying its trans

bon Footprint ecotrust Portland 38 pounds of carbon is

nt

Sustainable School

Sy

125 Mile AVG

own food source due to the long grow-

season 10ing Mile AVGof the Willamette valleygrowing season.

Portland

is surrounded land and is capable of own food source due to ing season of the Willa growing season.

http://www.ecotrust.org/project/farm-to-school/

Local Farm:

15 Mile AVG

All meat should come from local farms that is non a GMO farms. Produce will come from these farms during season.

Portland is fortunate to be located within the Willamette Valley That produces a great deal of produce and meat.

34.4 Pounds of Carbon

School Gardens:

School gardens is capable of growing a few items that students can learn and produce their own produce that is served at lunch.

Produce Distributors:

School gardens is capable of growing a few items that students can learn and produce their own produce that is served at lunch.

482 Pounds of Carbon

By prepping removing largefood food supplier supplier from By prepping andand removing a alarge fromthe thechain, chain, allows for students to receive healthier and fresher food. A reduction allows for students to receive healthier and fresher food. A in transportation will also contribute to conservation of fossil fuel and reduction in transportation also contribute tofood conservation clean air.

By using humanwill labor instead of large processersof it fossilwill fuel and clean air. By human instead of large food give jobs to locals andusing reduce energylabor consumption. processes it will give jobs to locals and reduce energy consumption.

Semi Truck MPG & Carbon Footprint

Sustainable Foods

13.

An average semi trucks mpg is at 6.5. About 22.38 pounds of carbon is produced for every gallon of diesel according to EPA.

Its important to have a good baseline model in order to pick all the low hanging fruits before implementing sustainability strategies. The 100% benchmark doesn’t end at just building performance but on other industry related to schools in providing students resources to excel in education. Local and sustainability can create high quality foods that will keep students healthy and enjoying eating as a way to take a break from the need to perform in a competitive education process.

The idea of a partnership with PCC and having students take college courses also come with a responsibility to put the education in the students own hands.

Wi

Home

Cafateria School

Class

Kenetic Wellness

Performance / Lecture

Daily life of a student

The school acts as an extension of students living room after school. Zoning changed around Jefferson to allow higher density single family homes with lot sizes as low as 1000 SF. Large major spaces are used at all times and is passively heated/cooled.

Low Impact Lives Schools should be looked at as an extension to the community that allows students to live in a smaller home but have the community act as their dinning and living room. Jefferson is intended to act as a public library that is more gear towards the community. Its fortunate to have Mult. Library on the north east corner of the site and beneficial adjacencies that will help vitalize this theory. RENSONÂŽ Has a window system that can be technology driven to provide the needed ventilation system to ensure that 6.5% of the windows are open to reduce 15% of annual energy cost.

14.

Atrium Skylight Study

The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia Tod Williams Billie Tsien

Glazing Profiles Summer (Typical Box)

Summer (Angled Roof)

Winter (Hat Skylight)

Winter (Ribbon Skylight)

Summer (Hat Skylight)

Summer (Ribbon Skylight)

Winter (Metal Fins)

Winter (Sculptural)

Summer (Metal Fins) Summer (Sculptural)

Early Research Ideas

Safe hborhood

Rai

Typ. Storm-Water MGT. Framed Views

Green space On-site Waste Mgt.

Rain Water Capture

Combine Sewer Natural Phenomenons Treatment Plant

Connection to Nature

Habitat

Distribution

Re-introduced to nature Green House

Visible Natural Cycle

Technica

Technical Reserach Topics: Case Studies

ent

Daylighting

Waste & Water MGT.

PV Solar

Heating & Cooling

Net-Zero

Building Enclosure

Hot Water

Technical Reserach Topics: Elum-Tools, Sefaira

Density & Mix-use

Rain Water Capture Rain Water Storage Rain Water Capture Rain Water Storage

On-site Waste Mgt. On-site Waste Mgt. Storm-water Storm-water MGT. & Re-use MGT. & Re-use

Filtered Water Storage Filtered Water Storage Technical Reserach Topics: Soil composition and infiltration, Technical Reserach Soil composition and infiltration, LivingTopics: Machine Living Machine

Proximity Proximity

Density Heating & Heating & Density Cooling & Mix-use & Mix-use Cooling

efaira

Filtered Water Capture Filtered Water Capture

Distribution Distribution

Solar

Water

Gray Water Infiltration Gray Water Infiltration

Green-Space Green-Space

Live - Learn Live - Learn -Work -Play -Work -Play

Transportation Transportation

Nat Safe Safe Phenom Neighborhood Neighborhood

After School After School

Technical Reserach Topics: Case Studies, 2030 Plan, Current Technical Reserach Case Studies, 2030 Plan, Current Local Topics: amenities Local amenities

Design Conclusion

Sustainabiity is always an important issue but not the only when it comes to architectural design. Given a long narrow site my building was unable to utilize north/south light as much as It could have. By making the building East west facing it allows north south light to enter green spaces in between. The garden/landscape would of have different if it was partial shaded by the building. A design is always complex as we try to apply as many layers of meaning. The early design stage of massing was not for sustainability rather then an urban design exercise in creating outdoor rooms and community amenities. If the building were to be a net zero goal the building form would have to follow strict sustainability rule of thumbs such as form and orientation.

Sefaira Conclusion

Sefaira is a good starting point to understanding sustainable tactics that can be applied to a specific building Site, Surrounding, type, and form. Sefaira gives a good visual cue of what will help make the largest impact but is not always the most accurate. Its numbers that Sefaira produces is from past weather data and is only as accurate as the data itself. Given that it doesn’t take into consideration the color of building as a black vs. white building will significantly be different. Energy plus allows analysis to be run in a different engine which is powerful to get more realistic numbers. Sefaira is a good starting point in order to figure what the next steps are to take these sustainable tactics to another level. For instance if day-lighting was important the use of Elum Tools or Radiance would significantly be more accurate as they are design specifically for one sustainable tactic.