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Srategy on a human scale INNOVATIVE TOOLS OF URBAN ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTS OF PARTICIPATORY PLANNING IN DEVELOPING MUNICIPAL STRATEGY IN UFA (RUSSIA) ACCORDING TO THE “GUIDE FOR MUNICIPALITIES” PREPARED BY UN-HABITAT, URBAN STRATEGIC PLANNING DETERMINES THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF A CITY OR URBAN AREA, IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS CURRENT PROFILE AND SWOT ANALYSIS. THIS APPROACH HELPS THE CITY TO RESPOND TO FAST-MOVING EVENTS, TO MANAGE CHANGE AND TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE.
Team: Olga Sarapulova Aleksandra Katasonova Mariya Melnikova Aleksey Melnikov Narkas Khairullina Darya Dolgova Alina Yagfarova Ekaterina Andreeva Oleg Hmarin
Introduction
Project Approach
Nowadays urban strategic planning in Russian Federation is announced as a key tool for creating a high quality of life in its cities. It is acknowledged that most of the strategic documents are developed behind the closed doors of Municipal Administration with the support of the invited consultants to shape The Vision of the future by analyzing available socio-economic indicators and predicting emerging trends. Such strategies have difficulties with implementation due to a low level of involvement of key actors.
The project is elaborated into two dimensions. Urban analysis allowed to understand existing trends and to formulate the kit of urban policies for urban development. While participatory planning with stakeholders allowed verifying and validating the results of analysis, on the other hand, involvement of stakeholders gave opportunity to drive projects that will implement the strategic projects into reality. The main challenge in formulating the Vision was to keep the balance between urban analysis in a big scale and information received from citizens at a local level.
The purpose of the project “Strategy in a human scale” is to formulate The Vision of urban development that will drive transformative strategic projects through the use of new technologies and activation of hidden potential for collaboration between various stakeholders and authorities. The Project Background An action research project “Strategy on a human scale” was developed as a part of Strategy Ufa-2030. This is an ongoing project which was initiated by local urban activists and was crowdfunded by local enterprises. This project became the precedent of a bottom-up approach for urban planning. Project activities were carried out and managed by Forum UrbanBairam as a Municipal Planning Team in partnership with Architecture and Urban Planning Department. Researches were assisted by the pull of highly professional international and Russian experts1.
Luca Guala, Paolo Dejana (MSysLab, Italy), Aleksandr Antonov (The Institute of General Plan of Moscow region), Aleksandr Puzanov (The Institute of urban economics), Oleg Baevskiy (Genplan Insitute of Moscow), Analytical Center “Expert”, Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO
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застройки в случаях, если льные данные отсутствовали.
DENSITY OF POPULATION
сть населения, map 1чел / Га
46.5 92.3 163.2 245.8 370 447.8 500
0
8
16 92 163 245 370 447 500
ель складывается из количества женных на территории ритяжения» (данные Foursquare) ости общественной застройки.
7.6
11.5 22.6 41.9 67.3 86.6
0
97
20 100 300 530 850 1000
working place/ha
source of data: statistic from ufa Источники данных: OpenStreetMap www.openstreetmap.org administration, Схема улиц и дорог — УчастникиНаселение — МУП УЖХ г. Уфы, ГУП БТИ РБ 7openstreetmap
DENSITY OF PUBLIC SERVICES
енсивности территории mapиспользования 3
map 2 0
people/ha
та интенсивности ользования ритории
DENSITY OF WORKING PLACES
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, private organisations, openstreetmap
CONCENTRATION OF TRAVEL
map 4
100
0.9 7.6 11.5 22.6 41.9 67.3 86.6 97 100
rank of using intensity
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, private organisations, foursquare, Источники данных: openstreetmap Схема улиц и дорог — Участники OpenStreetMap www.openstreetmap.org Точки притяжения — на основе данных foursquare.com, МУП УЖХ г. Уфы, ГУП БТИ РБ
source of data: survey “travel behaviour” (30 037 answers)
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ATTRACTION SPOTS map 5
shopping nightlife art/entertainment travel colleges/universities home/work outdoors food
пользуются автомобилем, а 70% — общественным транспортом.
CONNECTIVITY OF TERRITORIES
Услуги, которые находятся в зоне доступности рассматриваемой в течение 30 минут, % mapтерритории 6 0
10.4 21.6 27.5 33.8 40.7
0
47
58.4 65.3
10.4 21.6 27.5 33.8 10.7 17 58.4 65.3 70
population that have access to territories in 30 minutes, %
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, pt companies, openstreetmap, Схема улиц и дорог — Участники Ope Транспортная дост foursquare.com, google МУП «Управлен
source of data: 4sqstat.ru, foursquare.com, google
ACCESS TO SERVICES BY PT map 7
0
70
40 60 80 95 100
ГУП «Башавтотранс», МУП УЖ
ACCESS TO SERVICES BY CAR
map 8 0
accessible services, %
40 60
80 95 100
accessible services, %
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, pt companies, openstreetmap, foursquare.com, google
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, pt companies, openstreetmap, foursquare.com, google
MATRIX OF URBAN POLICIES
map 9
rank of intensity of using
0
39.11 %
30.68 %
0 20.74 %
Ранг интенсивности использования территории
100% 90 80 70 60 50 40
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 51% Процент населения, которое может попасть на эту территорию за 30 минут
33.86 %
30 20 10
7.58 %
0.86 %
0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 51% Процент населения, которое может попасть на эту территорию за 30 минут
40
39.11 %
20.74 %
Ранг интенсивности использования территории
100% 90 80 70 60 50
30.68 %
population that have access to territory in 30 minutes, %
33.86 %
30 20 10
7.58 %
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, pt companies, openstreetmap, foursquare.com, google
0.86 %
CLUSTERISED URBAN POLICIES
map 10
0 0
growth preservation rank of using intensity
4
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 51% Процент населения, которое может попасть на эту территорию за 30 минут
non-
protection interference growth priority priority protection protectiondevelopment
population that have access to territory in 30 minutes, %
source of data: statistic from ufa administration, pt companies, openstreetmap, foursquare.com, google
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Urban analysis
parametric gis-model
The main goal for urban analysis was detecting potential of the space and identification of urban policies for its further development. The methodology designed by Aleksey Gutnov, one of the most significant Russian urban planners, was used for this purpose. It is based on the evaluation of the parameter of access to public services in two dimensions – transport connectivity of territories and density of public services. Easy and comfortable access to public services is the key factor of high quality of life in the city. For this reason, urban policy of the city has to be focus on increasing accessibility by harmonization of disproportion of urban development. Three main sources of data were used: 1. Statistics from the City Administration (population) and organizations (working places, points of attraction, and routs of public transport), 2. Foursquare check-ins for one year (points of attraction), 3. Surveys to define human activity patterns and travel behaviors. It was decided to survey data through municipal schools where 30 037 persons with a response rate of 20% have participated free of charge. The data was collected through on-line questionnaire that parents of pupils were kindly asked to answer in the spring of 2015. One of the tasks was to create a tool that correlates data from different sources and visualizes them in a clear way. Designed for this task, Parametric GIS-model aggregates data to urban unites and provides opportunity to create prediction models and algorithms to identify clusters illustrated by heat maps and tables. The territory of the city was divided into 1200 units to link data to the territory. The first step of analysis was focused on the places of residence and work, and public services (Map 1, Map 2, Map 3). To evaluate the density of public services at the second step, the Foursquare data about points of attraction and statistics about density of public buildings were combined to rank of intensity of use. The maps represent disproportion - the major working areas are located in the city center while the densest residential areas are at the periphery. This creates serious traffic flow at peak hours, which is verified by the visualization of data collected from the survey (Map 4). However, there is uniform distribution of services across the city with higher density in local centers (Map 5). At the second step of analysis inequality in transport were identified. The analysis of accessibility ranked 1200 units according to percentage of population that can reach each unit in 30 minutes with an integrated index of all types of transportation - by foot, public transport or personal vehicles (Map 6). The travel time is determined by Google Maps. Final map clear illustrates that
only the city center has well connectivity. Location of main public services and quality of public transport increase transport inequality – the percentage of people that can reach basic services in 30 minutes by public transport much is less than by private car (Map 7, Map 8). Urban analysis revealed existing disproportions in the city. According to Aleksey Gutnov, harmonization of disproportion will increase efficiency of the space and gradually bring higher quality of life. It requires a tool that defines territories with different approaches for harmonization. The Matrix of Urban Policies formalized approaches to urban development that contribute to harmonization. It is based at the integral index, which consists of two parameters - transport connectivity of territories and density of public services. Each of the 1200 units were ranged based on these two parameters (Map 9). The results were clustered into 8 groups with necessary approaches to urban development – from growth priority to protection priority (Map 10). Urban analysis provides understanding of existing trends and defines disproportion of spatial development. Moreover, it represents the boundaries of accessible urban environment that citizens could utilize for work, entertainment, meet people and access new opportunities. As a tool for harmonization, the kit of urban policies for urban development takes the base of The Vision of urban development. However, it is important to find the right tools that transfer policies at real practices at a local level.
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workshop with citizzens
discussion with the experts
project presentation to the experts
discussion with citizens project presentation to the mayor and citizens
creation of the mental map
exhibiting the survey results
feedback from the experts
2015 ISOCARP AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE
Surveys
URBANБАЙРАМ
happy neighbors’ day design of the local project with inhabitans
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Participatory planning
feedback from citizens
Public participation can happen at different levels, ranging from the lowest level, i.e., receiving information, to one where stakeholders become partners in developing initiatives and begin to assume full responsibility for their management. For effective communication the city was divided to 11 districts that characterized with natural boundaries, strong identity and local communities. One-day pop-up events “Happy neighbors’ day” were organized at each district during the summer of 2015. The main goals were to define local communities in the districts and to investigate activity patterns of its inhabitants. People were invited to point out the most important, attractive and dangerous places, to outline the boundaries of their district and its local center, to draw a mental map. Different districts have different and diverse needs. The community members were, therefore, given opportunities to envision the desired future of their neighborhood. The second key step was to hold interview sessions with key stakeholders that play active role in the development of the districts – construction companies, local businesses, NGO’s and activists. The results of this work in addition to The Vision of urban development were illustrated in an informal way and presented to the public and authorities at the exhibition during the annual Forum UrbanBairam2 in 2015. Once the feedback and comments were received, the views were translated into strategic projects for implementation. This step was the most critical for the successful completion of the districts planning exercise. The delivery of the big picture to the stakeholders became a driving force to initiate elaboration of few projects. Strategically important objectives were mentioned in technical tasks to these projects. That represents implementation of common urban policy to the level of private projects. The involvement of stakeholders became an important part of the project. It allowed to test the theoretical concept and to receive important feedback on The Vision of urban development.
Forum UrbanBairam is annual discussion platform used by some 2,500 citizens to express their views locally. The name “UrbanBairam” is a pun made from the title of traditional Tatar event “KurbanBairam”, where “bairam” means celebration of goodness.
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In 2015 Forum was accompanied by workshops for representatives from the economic and research sectors and civil society designed to feed professional expertise into The Vision of urban development. Participation was encouraged throughout the process using a range of creative analogue and digital communications tools. In total, The over 1000 opinions and suggestions were collected at the public and professional events organized around UrbanBairam and in the online dialogue. These contributions were evaluated, discussed and integrated in The Strategy Ufa-2030 with intensive input from Administration and local authorities. The wealth of information and documentation available at www.urbanbairam. ru
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UFA-2030 IS A HUMANE AND SAFE CITY, CITIZENS RESPECT AND CARE ABOUT EACH OTHER
UFA-2030 IS THE CITY FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, FULL OF TALENTED PEOPLE THAT REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL HERE
CHERNIKOVKA IN THE FUTURE IS THE SECOND CENTER OF UFA WITH INNOVATIVE ECONOMY AND CULTURAL OBJECTS
UFA-2030 LIVES IN A HARMONY WITH NATURE, IT IS THE CITY WITH HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHY PEOPLE
ЧЕРНИКОВКА
ЗАТОН
DEMA IN THE FUTURE IS AN ECO-POLIS WITH CLUSTER OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BEST URBAN ENVIRONMENT FOR BIRTH AND UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN
UFA-2030 IS A DIVERSE CITY FULL OF DRIVE AND INTERESTING IDEAS
СИПАЙЛОВО
ИНОРС
UFA-2030 IS A SELF-SUFFICIENT ENTREPRENEUR
ЦЕНТР
ДЁМА
ЗЕЛЁНАЯ РОЩА
SIPAYLOVO IN THE FUTURE IS WORLD FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF MODERNIZATION FROM SOCIALIST RESIDENTIAL AREA TO THE CENTER OF BUSINESS AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY
The Vision Ufa-2030 Ufa is the capital of one of the strongest and most stable Russian regions. It is the industrial, cultural and scientific centre of the Bashkortostan Republic and the centre of its social and political life. With a growing and young population of 1,100,000 inhabitants (43 % of the population below 35 years), Ufa is one of the fifteen million-plus Russian Cities and the first mega polis in Russia with natural growth of population. Considered the capital of Russian Islam, Ufa is a very tolerant and inclusive city where many cultures, ethnic groups and religions coexist peacefully and harmoniously. The three biggest national groups are the Bashkirs, the Russians and the Tatars, but in total there are more than 100 nationalities living in Ufa. In urban aspects Ufa presents itself as a city with clear edges. Almost all urbanized areas are on the plateau above the river valleys formed by Belaya and Ufa rivers. The shape of this plateau leads to a long stretched rather narrow urban fabric as it can be found on Manhattan Island in New York or Hong Kong Island. Suburban transition to the surrounding nature barely exists in Ufa.
On the other hand, city has potential for redevelopment of brown fields due to low urban density. Due to historical development and landscape residential neighborhoods of Ufa have distinct boundaries and strong identities based on typology of urban fabric and local communities. In 2030 Ufa wants to be seen as one of the leading Russian cities with diverse economy. Ufa invests income from traditional sector to new technologies, intellectual innovation and implementation of youth potential and talents. Ufa explores its unique landscape by creating dense and diverse environment that offer sufficient living space to meet a variety of needs. Inhabitants, visitors and businesses all appreciate their intrinsic qualities and feel at home in their own particular neighborhood. It will be a green city with large spaces dedicated to leisure and recreation, meeting and movement. Ufa will have a trustful relationship between citizens and authorities. Authorities create opportunities for creating of places that are easy and
enjoyable to live and work, while citizens caring and committed to live together in a modern and socially responsible society, they take an active role in decision-making and development at local level. Ufa will be a city for all, promoting and demanding lifelong commitment across generations. It will in turn benefit from multicultural spirit forge a common identity across the diverse city, enhancing quality of life and building strong economic sectors.
 City Administration of Ufa Head of strategic planning Coordination of urban projects 120 Prospekt Oktyabrya 450098 Ufa Russia The Hague, 16th March 2017
Letter of Recognition as Candidate of the Awards of Excellence ISOCARP 2016 Candidate Project "Strategy of human scale"
The International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP) is a global association of experienced professional planners. ISOCARP encourages the exchange of professional knowledge between planners, promotes the planning profession in all its forms, stimulates and improves planning research, training and education and enhances public awareness and understanding of major planning issues at a global level. The team of experts reviewed the project "Strategy of human scale" (Ufa). The Ufa's experience presented in the project deserves our high appreciation due to used methodologies of spatial data analysis and involvement of stakeholders. The approach for data collection and analysis were developed to make sense and predict new urban trends and motivations in conjunction with improved communication means to generate more focused collaboration with stakeholders and making bottomup initiatives to be heard by top-down decisions. The developed tools for public participation provide opportunities to deliver values of Strategy Ufa2030 to active stakeholders that will gradually lead to better integration of strategic projects. We express our sincere gratitude to Olga Sarapulova, team of authors and Ufa City Administration for promotion of sustainable urban development values. We wish you a lot of luck in realisation of Strategy-2030 into reality. With my best regards
Didier Vancutsem ISOCARP Secretary General
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Главе Администрации городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан ИРЕКУ ЯЛАЛОВУ
10.02.2017
Отзыв о проекте "Стратегия в масштабе человека" Project for Public Spaces (сокр. PPS, Лаборатория Общественных Пространств, США) – некоммерческая организация, которая с 1975 года занимается исследованиями использования общественных пространств, а также планированием, менеджментом и вовлечением жителей в создание площадей, парков, пешеходных зон и других объектов по всему миру. PPS находится в центре глобального движения плейсмейкинг (placemaking, от английского «place» — «место», «make» — «делать»), которое объединяет профессиональный опыт и новые идеи направленные на развитие и поддержание привлекательных общественных пространств, делая их доступными для всех, отвечая на локальные требования и давая толчок развитию местного бизнеса и сплоченных сообществ. В настоящее время наша организация проводит исследование накопленного опыта работы по вовлечению горожан и инновационным моделям развития и создания общественных пространств в России – “Сделано горожанами”. В рамках данного исследования мы рассмотрели проект “Стратегия в масштабе человека”(г.Уфа). Представленный в проекте подходы к анализу пространственных данных и вовлечению жителей в разработку локальных стратегий заслуживает высокую оценку экспертного сообщества. Выявленные в ходе анализа резервы территорий подтверждают возможности реализации наиболее эффективной в части использования ресурсов модели компактного города. В то время как наработанные в ходе активного участия жителей практики могут стать основой для реализации городских проектов, направленных на повышение качества жизни в городе. Выражаем искреннюю благодарность Ольге Сарапуловой, команде авторов проекта и Администрации города Уфы за продвижение идей устойчивого развития городов и желаем дальнейших успехов!
Руководитель проекта “Сделано горожанами” Ведущий эксперт Project for Public Spaces Анна Сиприкова
419 Lafayette, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10003
212.620.5660
www.pps.org