ATA Costing report by olihester

ATA COSTING REPORT UNIT 4

Authors Nicholas Stone Oliver Hester Richard Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Hanlon Riam Ibrahem Oleg Sevelkov Meis Alsaegh Peter Dew Carlotta Conte Elliot Dunn Julie Hutchinson Clare Reid Zaeem Ahmed

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

This report compares the preliminary, material and labour costs of constructing our housing prototype between Cali, Colombia and London, UK. The projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall aim is to address the need for low income housing in Latin America. Team Heliomet took part in the Solar Decathlon competition in December 2015, which encourages environmentally sustainable construction and research into new technologies. The competition is to build a single prototype unit for a family of 5 which is part of a proposed wider masterplan. It is intended that the prototype is to be constructed by low to medium skilled workers. The unit is configured to enable the internal space to be flexible and adaptable to the changing needs of a family. It is assumed the final design of the prototype is complete before we arrived in Colombia. Our hypothetical sites are the competition grounds in Cali and an outdoor exhibition site in Central London. We are assuming the majority of all elements and components are being constructed/manufactured on site but with access to workshop facilities used at SENA (Colombia) and CASS Works (UK). All basic tools, unless mentioned are available to hand. The design does not change between the UK and Colombia. The report highlights specific differences between the UK and Latin Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building industries.

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

Cost plan Project Value For both Colombia and the UK, the project value has been broken down into the following sections;

Preliminaries The preliminaries have been calculated as a percentage of the total project value (excluding the preliminaries). The percentage are informed by SPON’s Architects and Builders Price Book 2015 guidance on building costs models.

2. Plant hire These costs form part of the preliminaries and are taken from examples given in the SPON’s Architects and Builders Price Book 2015. The plant hire costs for Colombia are based mostly upon the actual prices paid for hiring at that time of construction. The UK plant hire costs have been sourced from based upon quotes from London based companies or using SPON’s Architects and Builders Price Book 2015. In some instances pricing for some of the plant hire in Colombia has not been available, this has been calculated by using SPON’s pricing guideline for the UK. By using our experience of the relationship between Colombian and UK prices we have estimated a rate Colombia.

3. Labour Time spent considering the critical path and sequence of works allowed us to ascertain the human hours and skill level needed for each part of construction process. In order to achieve an accurate estimate of labour costs we have, for the both Colombia and the UK, we used the three following categories: Unskilled Semi-skilled Skilled The Colombian labour costs were initially sourced from the Logistics Capacity Assessment (LCA). The LCA is a long standing tool of the world food programme. It is used as a source of information related to logistics, infrastructure and services in a given country. This gives us a base hourly rate in Colombian Pesos ($); Unskilled - $2,566/hour Semi-skilled - $5,133/hour Skilled - $41,666/hour

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

The costs suggested by the LCA highlight a large disparity between the earnings of skilled workers and those with less skill. This was slightly problematic for our estimates, given that the electricians were the highest skilled workers involved in the construction process. and they were contracted for $18,000/hour by Suma Ingenieria LTDA. We have decided to use the hourly wage paid to them as reference, as it is a more accurate depiction of the earning of contractors on a construction site in Colombia. Colombia Labour Costs Unskilled - $2,566/hour Semi-skilled - $5,133/hour Skilled - $18,000/hour Using Gardiner and Theobalds international survey in 2012 as a guideline for UK labour costs. We have set inflation at 2.3% in order to account the change in the UK economy since 2012. UK Labour Costs Unskilled - £11.67 Semi-skilled - £13.32 Skilled - £15.52 Materials The prototype was designed to be constructed using materials available from local DIY stores or builders merchants in an effort to approach economic and environmental sustainability. This meant the construction was relatively simple and the material palette of the prototype was conservative. The majority of the building was constructed from sawn timber and plywood, which is very easily sourced with the only specialist building elements being the steel roof connections and the services. The manufacture of the steel canopy connections was one of the more specialist jobs. The quality of this steel and craftsmanship was needed to ensure the roof functioned correctly. In Colombia the steel connection was sourced from the local builders merchant and welded by an offsite welder, based in Cali. The contract cost for this job was $700,000 (Colombian Pesos), which will have included the welders overheads. In the UK the steel could be purchased from themetalstore.co.uk. This site was chosen as they gave a more competitive cost than Parker steel whose website was also down at the time of costing. The steel also replicated the material we used in Colombia, proving the best quote available. The steel would be welded by a company named Metal works London. We were quoted at an hourly rate of £20. Total Project Cost Contingency and fees are based on percentages and standard consultant fees found in SPON’s Architects and Builders Price Book 2015, these are calculated from the project value. The sum of project value, contingency and fees give us the total project cost. Currency Conversion For the conversion of Colombian Pesos ($) to GBP (£) we have used the following exchange rate: $1 : £0.00021848372296

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

Preliminaries Preliminaries

Percentage of contract

Cost for this section of project

Total Build cost

Estimate

£51,489.96

Survey Site Access Safety, health and welfare Defects after completion Management and staff Additional temporary works Lighting and power Water for works Temporary phones Hoarding and fencing Protection of works Drying the works Transport Insurance Site accomodation Temporary road and walkways Traffic regulations Security Insurance

0.10% 0.50% 4.50% 0.25% 1.00% 0.15% 0.10% 0.03% 2.00% 2% 0.05% 0.10% 0.15%

£0.00 £0.00 £51.49 £257.45 £2,317.05 £128.72 £514.90 £0.00 £0.00 £77.23 £51.49 £15.45 £1,029.80 £1,029.80 £0.00 £0.00 £25.74 £51.49 £77.23

£13,257.29 £900.00 £2,400.00 £3,000.00 -

Total preliminaries

10.93%

£5,627.85

Fees Architects fees Structural engineers fees Lighting consultant Electrical consultant Estimated incresed cost Fire safety during construction Profits and overheads

5.00% 1.90% 1.80% 1.80% 2.00% 0.15% 4.00%

£2,574.50 £978.31 £926.82 £926.82 £1,029.80 £77.23 £2,059.60

Total fees

16.65%

£8,573.08

Total Contingency

15.00%

£7,723.49

Preliminaries Preliminaries

Notes

Percentage of contract value

Total Build cost

Cost for this section of project

Site was assumed to be a flat exhibition site that was prepared for The site was an exhibition site so all services can access easily, Includes PPE Expenses, Including flights for 20 people and accomodation for Hiring 2 push along access platform for access to specific areas Average £30 /m2 Water was provided on exhibition site by the competition for no fee Personal phones were used to co ordinate the exhibition Hoarding and fencing surrounds the entire site 50m @ £50/m General protection of the entire build process, in construction

No on site accommodation is required Congestion charge and other traffic charges are included here Security guards are required

Estimate

Notes

Site was assumed to be a flat exhibition site that was prepared for The site was an exhibition site so all services can access easily, Includes PPE

£20,588.53

Survey Site Access Safety, health and welfare Defects after completion Management and staff

0.10% 0.20% 4.50%

£0.00 £0.00 £20.59 £41.18 £926.48

£13,257.29

Additional temporary works Lighting and power Water for works Temporary phones Hoarding and fencing Protection of works Drying the works

0.25% 1.00% 0.10% 0.03%

£51.47 £205.89 £0.00 £0.00 £0.00 £20.59 £6.18

£225.00 £600.00 -

Removing rubbish and clearing Transport Insurance Site accomodation

0.02% 2% -

£3.09 £411.77 £0.00 £0.00

Temporary road and walkways Traffic regulations Security Insurance

£0.00 £0.00 £0.00 £0.00

Total Preliminaries

8.20%

£1,687.23

Fees Architects fees Structural engineers fees Lighting consultant Electrical consultant Estimated incresed cost

5.00% 1.90% 1.80% 1.80% 2.00%

£1,029.43 £391.18 £370.59 £370.59 £411.77

Price and Myers theoretical fees BOOM Collective - Mike Whitehurst Camilo Canon - COL Energy -

Fire safety during construction Profits and overheads

0.15% 4.00%

£30.88 £823.54

Total fees

16.65%

£3,427.99

Contingency

15.00%

£3,088.28

Expenses, Including flights for 20 people and accomodation for Hiring 2 push along access platform for access to specific areas on site (£1.25 per hour) Average £7.50 /m2 Water was provided on exhibition site by the competition for no fee Sim cards were purchased as a personal investment Hoarding and fencing were provided by the competition, along with

These costs are for transporting materials to site University insurance covers Site accommodation was arranged personally and so costs were Not included as exhibition site has full access and has inheritted those costs Omitted as exhibition site inherits these costs Site security is inherttied by the competition and is therefore Insurance is covered by the university whilst in Colombia

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

CATEGORY

COMPONENT

Cali: SDLAC2015

Total time

Time taken

No. of people

Skill level

Sub-Total

Human Hours

(A/B/C) SETTING OUT

Marking ground

FOUNDATION

Pads

Column Footing

Levelling (sand)

Steel Rails

Cassette Studwork

Cassette Formulator

Preservative

Cassette Placement

Decking

120

Board finishing

Aluminum profiles

Sealing

Manufacture

Cassette Alteration and trimming out

101

Fixing steel brackets

103

Instalation

106

FLOOR

COLUMNS

BEAMS

SCREENS

DOORS

Manufacture

115

Assembly

125

Installation (with forklift)

129

Frame manufacture

145

Sanding

148

Painting

150.5

2.5

Polycarbonate

155.5

Steel

160.5

Sole Plate

168.5

Instalation

169.5

Installation of Louvers

175.5

Door manufacture

185.5

Door assembly

188.5

190

1.5

Fixing CLADDING/FILLETS

RAMP

ROOF - Canopy

Manufacture

198

Installation

204

Ramp Studwork

214

Preservative

216

Decking

221

Board finishing

223

Sealing

224

Handrail

232

Engineering Consultation and prototyping

248

External manufacture of joint (off site welding)

264

Manufacture of timber members

282

Assembly of roof

300

108

Ring Beam manufacture

308

Crane lift

314

Secure T Sections supports

323

Membrane

341

228

101

384

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

ROOF - Upper level

LATERAL ARCHES

SOLAR COLLECTOR

SKYLIGHT

SERVICE POD

ELECTRICS - Contractor

PLUMBING

Upper structure - manufacture and fitting

353

Membrane gluing

362

Membrane fitting

380

Membrane joining gluing

384

Membrane stapling

386

Raising internal sqaure to tension roof

390

Manufacture

408

PADS and stakes manufacture and fitting ARCHES

412

Assembly/manufacture

421

ARCHES Corner Posts

424

SHELF design and manufacture

442

SHELF corner supports

450

Fitting

458

Additional finishing

461

Installation

464

Commissioning

465

Manufacture

469

Fitting

471

Raising

473

Build timber studwork

396

Fit plywood cladding

400

Fit sliding door mechanism and door

402

Assemble work units and worktop Cut holes for electrics and

408

plumbing

410

Assemble shelves

413

Fit sink and hob

414

Manufacture and fitting of supports for PV track

418

Fit steel PV track to supports

422

Fit PV panels to track

426

Install inverter and circuit breakers

434

Fitting of internal lighting

443

Fitting of steel tubes, internal wiring, sockets and switches

467

Connection of PV panels to inverter and circuit

473

Fitting of ceiling fan

477

Fitting of hot and cold water piping

485

Connection of hot and cold piping to appliances

488

Connection of domestic piping to mains water source

491

Fitting of waste water piping

495

Assembly of solar water heater and hot water tank

499

Connection of hot water tank to house plumbing

500

1 TOTAL HOURS TOTAL 9 Hr Shifts

162

189

192

27 1586 176

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

FOUNDATIONS

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

FLOOR SLABS

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURE (COLUMNS)

STRUCTURE (BEAMS)

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

ENVELOPE (BEAM CLADDING)

ENVELOPE (COLUMN CLADDING)

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

ENVELOPE (SCREENS)

LOWER CANOPY (STRUCTURE)

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

LOWER CANOPY (MEMBRANE)

UPPER CANOPY

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

SOLAR SHADES (STRUCTURE)

SOLAR SHADES (CLADDING)

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTRODUCTION

PHOTOVOLTAICS (SUPPORTS)

PHOTOVOLTAICS (PANELS)

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FOUNDATION

2. FOUNDATION

Section 2 - Foundation 1-Marking ground: -Measure and mark the position of the building and position the steel rails on the ground as reference. -Mark location of foundation pads and footing as per foundation plan. -Chalk and spray paint used for marking. 2-Pads: -Lay out the timber chock block 300mmx130mmx40mm pads in position as per foundation plan. 3-Column footing -Lay out the 650mmx700mmx115mm timber stud columns footing in position. (8 in total) 4- Levelling (sand) -Minimal interventions on site surface using sand to make sure all pads are level and ready for the steel rails. 5- Steel Rails -Position 8 steel rails ( 2mm x 5.4mm x 40mm steel profiles) on top of the chock block pads. 6-Lateral arches footing -Lay out timber chock block 300mmx130mmx40mm pads in position. Mechanically secure in place using threaded steel bar. By far the lowest costs for labour and materials, the foundations were relatively simple and designed to be built as quickly as possible by a small team of people with minimal specialist knowledge. This significantly reducing the labour and material costs involved.

Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£354.43

UK Total £629.46

£13.74

UK Total £175.70

£0.00

UK Total £0.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FOUNDATION

Section A - Foundations COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required

Cost

Notes

Reference

N/A Total

£0.00

COLOMBIA Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Foundations Marking ground No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0.5 2 $2,566

0 0 $0

Pads No. of hours No. of workers Cost

1.5 1 $3,849

0 0 $0

Column Footing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 1 $10,266

0 0 $0

Levelling (sand) No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 2 $20,532

0 0 $0

Steel Rails No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 2 $20,532

0 0 $0

Lateral Arches footing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

0.5 2 $5,133

0 0 $0

Total cost (A/B/C)

$6,415

$56,463

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$62,878 £13.74

Specified cost

COLOMBIA Materials

7850 530 530 7850 7850

Materials

Type / Location Foundations Foundations Foundations Foundations Screws

Material name Quantity Steel profile 2mm x 5.4mx40mm 12 Timber chock blocks 300mmx130mmx40mm 35 Timber stud column footing 650mmx700mmx115mm 8 Mild steel threaded bar 12mm x 1000mm 8 HBS 3535 150

Unit units units units units units

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (m3) (Kg) 0.2680 37.68 452.16 0.1644 2.07 72.35 0.2163 28.67 229.38 0.0009 0.888 7.1021 0.0006 0.029 4.33 Vol = 0.65 765.32

Cost per Additional set-up / Post element production process Total cost $65,200 $782,400 $17,500 $612,500 $17,500 $140,000 $6,000 $48,000 $90 $13,500 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($) $1,596,400 Total (conversion to £)

£354.43

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FOUNDATION

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Plant Hire

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required

Cost

Notes

Reference

N/A Total

£0.00

UNITED KINGDOM Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Foundations Marking ground No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0.5 2 £11.67

0 0 £0.00

Pads No. of hours No. of workers Cost

1.5 1 £17.51

0 0 £0.00

Column Footing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 1 £26.64

0 0 £0.00

Levelling (sand) No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 2 £53.28

0 0 £0.00

Steel Rails No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 2 £53.28

0 0 £0.00

Lateral Arches footing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

0.5 2 £13.32

0 0 £0.00

Total cost (A/B/C)

£29.18

£146.52

£0.00

Total Labour Cost =

£175.70

Specified cost

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Materials

7850 530 530 7850 7850

Type / Location Foundations Foundations Foundations Foundations Screws

Material name Quantity Steel profile 2mm x 5.4mx40mm 12 Timber chock blocks 300mmx15mmx40mm 35 Timber stud column footing 650mmx700mmx115mm 8 Mild steel threaded bar 12mm x 1000mm 8 HBS 3535 150

Unit units units units units units

Total Volume Individual Total Weight (m3) Weight (Kg) (Kg) 0.2680 37.68 452.16 0.1644 2.07 72.35 0.2163 28.67 229.38 0.0009 0.888 7.1021 0.0006 0.029 4.33 Vol = 0.65 765.32

Cost per Additional set-up / Post Total cost element production process £20.76 £249.12 £8.50 £297.50 £8.50 £68.00 £1.48 £11.84 £0.02 £3.00 Total material costs (£) £629.46

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FLOOR SLABS

3. FLOOR SLABS 1-Cassette studwork -Off site construction. -Timber pieces arrive to workshop pre cut to size. Using 170 Pine studs 1 1/2 “ x 6” x 3960mm to assemble the cassette structure. -Timber pieces secured together with bolts and screws. 2-Cassette formulator -Off Site -Fixing cassette formulator to bottom of cassettes. MDF / Semi-hardboards 1830mm x 2440mm x 9mm - high density sheet material used to waterproof and protect structure from incursion of rodents and vermin. 3-Preservative -Off site -Applying paint and diesel to underfloor and structure to act as preservative. 4-Cassette placement -Placing cassettes on foundations using forklift truck. -Cassettes bolted together to comprise floor structure. 5-Decking -Decking floor structure with 2400mm x 125mm x 15mm Sapan Decking. 6-Board finishing -Trimming decking to fit the trim out areas for column placement. 7-Aluminium profiles. - Apply aluminium profiles along external perimeter edge of footprint and either side of the sole plate. 8-Sealing. - Applying lacquer to boards. The process in the UK is very similar to Colombia. Slightly different materials are used to treat the timber. The Sapan flooring could not be sourced in the UK and was substituted with a viable alternative (Solid Medium Oak Lacquered Flooring 125x18mm). A 12m telehandler was used for placing the floor slabs (instead of a forklift) for £350 a week. This was hired from Martello plant hire. It can be noted that the telehandler could be used for other elements of the building process the arguably speeding up the whole build process.

Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£4,333.71

£251.81

£16.39

UK Total

£5,641.01

£2,989.11

£100.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FLOOR SLABS

Section B - Floor Slabs

Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Fork lift Truck

$75,000

$375,000

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required $75,000

Total in Colombian pesos ($) Total UK Conversion (£)

Cost

Notes

Reference

$75,000 placement of cassettes £75,000.00 £16.39

COLOMBIA Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

0 0 $0

14 4 $287,448

0 0 $0

Cassette formulator No. of hours No. of workers Cost

2 2 $10,264

0 0 $0

Preservative No. of hours No. of workers Cost

3 1 $7,698

0 0 $0

Cassette Placement No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 3 $108,000

Decking No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

30 4 $615,960

0 0 $0

Board finishing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

12 2 $61,584

0 0 $0

Aluminum profiles No. of hours No. of workers Cost

6 1 $15,396

0 0 $0

9 1 $46,197

0 0 $0

$94,942

$949,605

$108,000

Floor Slabs Cassette studwork No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Sealing No. of hours No. of workers Cost Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost Total Labour Cost (£) =

Specific Cost

$1,152,547 £251.81

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 - unless specified) 530 7850 7850 7850 7850 7850 32 126 820 800 1.3 1000

Type / Location Structure Screws Screws Screws Screws Bolts Bolt and nut Washers Floor Finish (Int) Underfloor Underfloor Ramp

Material name Pine studs 1 1/2 " x 6" x 3960mm TBS 6140 (140mm) HBS 580 (80mm) HBS 3535 (35mm) KKTM 540 (55mm) 1/2 x 8" x130mm Zinc 3.5" x 3/8" 1/2" washer Sapan Decking 2400mm x 125mm x 15mm MDF / Semi-hardboards 1830mm x 2440mm x 9mm Laquer Plywood 1220mm x 2440mm x 12mm

Quantity

Unit 170 8 14 7 45 100 540 6 118 18 15 7

units 100 pack 100 pack 100 pack 100 pack units units 100 pack m² units cans units

Total Volume (m3)

Vol =

0.0183 0.0000 0.0000 0.0170 0.0030 0.003 0.007 0.001 1.726 0.639 0.075 0.0357 2.52

Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (Kg) 9.699 0.0216 0.0123 0.0288 0.0052 0.0474 0.0948 0.9480 3.526 28.400 6.000 35.7 C - Total

1,648.83 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.24 4.74 51.19 5.69 1,415.40 511.20 61.50 249.9 3,699.33

Cost per element Colombian Additional set-up / Post pesos ($) Total cost $ production process $24,900 $585 $225 $90 $180 $4,500 $1,900 $1,750 $101,964 $50,900 $32,900 $48,900 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

$4,233,000 $4,680 $3,150 $630 $8,100 $450,000 $1,026,000 $10,500 $12,031,752 $916,200 $493,500 $342,300 $19,519,812

Total (conversion to £)

£4,333.71

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - FLOOR SLABS

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

12m Telehandler

£100.00

£350.00

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required £100.00

1 Total in British pounds (£)

Cost

Notes

Reference

£100.00 placement of cassettes

£100.00

UNITED KINGDOM Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Floor Slabs Cassette studwork No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

14 4 £745.92

0 0 £0.00

Cassette formulator No. of hours No. of workers Cost

2 2 £46.68

0 0 £0.00

Preservative No. of hours No. of workers Cost

3 1 £35.01

0 0 £0.00

Cassette Placement No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 3 £93.12

Decking No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

30 4 £1,598.40

0 0 £0.00

Board finishing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

12 2 £280.08

0 0 £0.00

Aluminum profiles No. of hours No. of workers Cost

6 1 £70.02

0 0 £0.00

Sealing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

9 1 £119.88

0 0 £0.00

£431.79

£2,464.20

£93.12

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost

Specific Cost

£2,989.11

UNITED KINGDOM Materials

Densities Used (kg/m3 - unless specified) 530 7850 7850 7850 7850 7850 32 126 820 800 1.3 1000

Type / Location Structure Screws Screws Screws Screws Bolts Bolt and nut Washers Floor Finish (Int) Underfloor Underfloor Ramp

Material name

Quantity

Sawn Timber Regularised 47mm x 75mm x 4.8m TBS 6140 (140mm) HBS 580 (80mm) HBS 3535 (35mm) KKTM 540 (55mm) 1/2 x 8" x130mm Zinc 3.5" x 3/8" AVF M8 Steel Flat Washer, 8mm diameter Solid Medium Oak Lacquered Flooring 125x18mm 1.2m² MDF Board (Th)9mm (W)606mm (L)1220mm Pack 4) Rustins Outdoor Clear Varnish Satin 1L 12mm x 1220mm x 2440mm WBP External Plywood

Unit 170 800 1400 650 4500 100 540 60 118 5 15 7

units units units units units units units 10 pack 100 pack units cans units

Total Volume (m3)

Vol =

0.0183 0.0022 0.0022 0.0170 0.0030 0.003 0.007 0.001 1.726 0.178 0.075 0.0357 2.07

Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (Kg) 9.699 0.0216 0.0123 0.0288 0.0052 0.0474 0.0948 0.9480 3.526 28.400 6.000 35.7 C - Total

1,648.83 17.26 17.25 18.75 23.58 4.74 51.19 56.88 1,415.40 511.20 61.50 249.9 3,826.58

Cost per element British Additional set-up / Post Pound Sterling (£) Total cost £ production process £8.93 £0.13 £0.05 £0.02 £0.04 £0.00 £0.00 £2.48 £25.67 £42.00 £15.25 £19.90 Total material costs (£)

£1,518.10 £104.00 £70.00 £13.00 £180.00 £0.00 £0.00 £148.80 £3,029.06 £210.00 £228.75 £139.30 £5,641.01

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - STRUCTURE (COLUMNS/BEAMS)

4. STRUCTURE (COLUMNS & BEAMS) Columns 1-Manufacture - Long sections of 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm pine studs screwed together in a tongue and groove arrangement. 2-Cassette alteration and trimming out -Using a template of the column base as reference trim cassettes to accommodate column. -Structural alterations to cassette to support Sapan decking. 3-Fixing steel brackets. - Steel ‘L’ brackets were fixed to the column base ready to be attached to the formulator and the studwork from the cassettes (where appropriate). 4-Installation - Once columns were positioned in place and squared with regards to the cassette and other columns, they were lifted by a 4 man team (no plant). - Ensure the columns are plumb using a spirit level. Beams 1-Manufacture - Constructed as a frame made out of 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm pine studs and 140 x 33 x 1000mm pine softwood. -18mm plywood secured to frame. -3 sections for each beam for ease of transportation . 2-Assembly -Sections fixed together with screws. 3-Installation - Assembled Beam secured to fork with straps. - Beam positioned in place using forklift and bolted to columns. Using a forklift for the lifting of the beams in Colombia was a difficult process. We had to take extra precautions in lifting the beam, as it was not supported correctly on either of the ends. The telehandler here would not only speed up the process but it would be a lot safer and would also comply with the UK’s health and safety standards. The columns could also be lifted by the telehandler in a crane like manner, this would save time on this stage of the construction. It would reduce the risk undertaken in Colombia by the semi skilled labour group who had to lift the column into place by hand. Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£1,861.65

£196.44

£83.26

UK Total

£3,510.94

£1,604.64

£400.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - STRUCTURE (COLUMNS/BEAMS)

Section C - Columns and beams COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (inc VAT.)

Forklift truck

$75,000

Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc VAT.)

$375,000

Cost for entirety of project (inc VAT.) Days required

$375,000

Cost

Notes

$375,000

Total Colombia ($)

De Prisa rental company VAT Payment included, double pronged forklift, cost including driver, fuel, insurance

$375,000

Total UK conversion (£)

£83.26

Reference

COLOMBIA Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Columns Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 $0

8 2 $82,128

0 0 $0

Cassette alteration and trimming out No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

5 1 $25,665

0 0 $0

2 2 $10,264

0 0 $0

Instalation No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

3 4 $61,596

0 0 $0

Beams Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

9 4 $184,788

0 0 $0

Assembly No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

10 2 $102,660

0 0 $0

Installation (with forklift) No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 6 $432,000

Total cost (A/B/C)

$10,264

$456,837

$432,000

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$899,101 £196.44

Fixing steel brackets No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Specified cost

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified)

Type / Location

Material name

Quantity

Unit

700 Beams

Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x18mm

530 Columns

Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm

530 Beams

Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm

510 Beams

Pine softwood 140 x 33 x 1000mm

7850 32 128 7850 7850

Beams Bolts Nuts Washers Screws Screws

Vintilex Paint (Papaya Exotica) 1/2 x 8" x130mm 1/2 x 3 1/2" 1/2" washers HBS 580 (80mm) Rothoblaas HBS 3535 (35mm) Rothoblass

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (m3) (Kg)

3 1 1 4 600 150

Sheets Lengths of timber Lengths of timber Lengths of timber (11.35 litres)Gallon tubs In bags of 100 In bags of 100 In bags of 100 In box of 100 In box of 500

1.8550

37.520

975.52

189,900.00

$4,937,400

0.9016

9.699

426.76

24,900.00

$1,095,600

0.8412

9.699

678.93

24,900.00

$1,743,000

0.2024

3.000

42.00

20,000.00 $54,900

0.003

Vol =

Cost per element Colombian Additional set-up / Post pesos ($) Total cost $ production process

0.0009 0.0039 3.81

11.3500 4.7400 4.7400 2.0000 0.0123 0.0288 C - Total

34.05 4.74 1.00 1.00 7.39 4.33 2,171.39

$280,000 34m2 total area to paint on outside of beams

$4,500 $4,500 $1,750 $225 $90 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

Total (conversion to £)

$164,700 $4,500 $4,500 $7,000 $135,000 $13,500 $8,385,200 £1,861.65

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - STRUCTURE (COLUMNS/BEAMS)

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

12m Telehandler

£100.00

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

£350.00

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required

£400.00

Total

Cost

£400.00

Notes

Reference

cost excluding driver and insurance Martello plant (£100 for first hire day then £75 for rest of the week)

£400.00

UNITED KINGDOM Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Columns Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

8 2 £213.12

0 0 £0.00

Cassette alteration and trimming out No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

5 1 £66.60

0 0 £0.00

Fixing steel brackets No. of hours No. of workers Cost

2 2 £46.68

0 0 £0.00

Instalation No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 4 £159.84

0 0 £0.00

Beams Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

9 4 £479.52

0 0 £0.00

Assembly No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

10 2 £266.40

0 0 £0.00

Installation (with forklift) No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 6 £372.48

£46.68

£1,185.48

£372.48

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

Specified cost

£1,604.64

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified)

Type / Location

700 Beams

Exterior Plywood Board (Th)18mm (W)1220mm (L)2440mm

530 Columns

Sawn Timber Regularised 47mm x 75mm x 4.8m

530 Beams

Sawn Timber Regularised 47mm x 75mm x 4.8m

510 Beams

Treated Timber Planed C16 (T)38mm (W)140mm (L)2400mm

7850 32 128 7850 7850

Beams Bolts Nuts Washers Screws Screws

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (m3) (Kg)

Unit Sheets Lengths of timber Lengths of timber Lengths of timber

Dulux Made By Me Interior & Exterior Moroccan Flame Gloss Paint12 250ml 250ml tin M8 Cup Square Bolt (L) 130 mm (Dia) 8 mm, Pack of 10 64 in bags of 10 AVF M8 Steel Hex Nut, 8mm diameter 64 in bag of 10 AVF M8 Steel Flat Washer, 8mm diameter Pack of 10 256 in bag of 10 HBS 580 (80mm) Rothoblaas 600 in box of 100 HBS 3535 (35mm) Rothoblass 150 in box of 500

Vol =

Cost per Additional set-up / Post element (£) production process Total cost (£)

1.8550

37.520

975.52

29.00

754.00

0.9016

9.699

426.76

8.93

392.92

0.8412

9.699

678.93

8.93

625.10

0.2024

3.000

42.00

0.003

11.3500 4.7400 4.7400 2.0000 0.0123 0.0288 C - Total

136.20 303.36 1.00 1.00 7.39 4.33 2,572.16

8.00 6.00

0.0009 0.0039 3.81

8.98 2.48 3.08 0.05 0.02

34m2 total area to paint on outside of beams

4 per bolt

Total material costs (£)

112.00 72.00 574.72 158.72 788.48 30.00 3.00 3,510.94

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - ENVELOPE AND CLADDING SYSTEM

5. ENVELOPE & CLADDING SYSTEMS Section 5 - Envelope & Cladding System Colombia Frames 1-Frame Manufacture: -Using 2” x 4” timber studs, frames were built by a simple process of measuring, cutting and aligning each member. All of which was informed by construction drawings. -Once in place screws were used as fixings. -Drilling holes in the frames for future bolting. 2-Sanding: -Clean up any rough edges with a sander to prepare for painting. 3-Painting: -Clean down and spray paint with two layers of pale blue paint. 4-Polycarbonate: -Using a panel saw, the polycarbonate is cut into necessary sizes. -Using a silicon layer between the frame and the polycarbonate, the polycarbonate is placed and secured by the steel plates and screw fixed to the frame. 5-Steel: -A pillar drill was used to drill holes in the steel, later lined up with frame holes. 6-Sole Plate: -Timber sole plate fixed along perimeter to the cassettes to each column. -Drill holes for bolt fixings. -Bolts fixed at measured distances from underneath the sole plate in the gap provided between the gap between the sapan and the cassettes. 7-Installation: -Two people align the frame to be bolted into position both vertically through the sole plate and laterally, frame to frame via previously drilled holes. 8-Manufacturing and installation of louvres: -Louvres were constructed by cutting 90x20mm timber to equal lengths. -Fix at equal distances along one of the frames. 9-Cladding: -Using a jigsaw and template each of the cladding fillets are cut to size. -Each fillet is sand and varnish treated. -Fix to columns and beams with aid of scaffolding, using cordless drivers and screws. -Erase flaws in fixing using polyfiller. -Final layer with paint. 10- Door manufacture

-The manufacturing of the doors were very similar aesthetically, to the polycarbonate screens but had to be made in a slightly different way. The steel plates used on the screens substantially increased the frames overall weight, if this steel plate was applied to the doors the chances of the door dropping and dragging along the floor could increase. Other than the steel plates, the doors used the same materials with the addition of hinges, locks and door handles, therefore didn’t add much cost to the manufacturing of the envelope system. -One key difference in the door manufacture was the lack of the steel plates, we had to slot the polycarbonate sheets into the frames by sawing slots along the middle of each timber. 11- Door assembly -The timber lengths were fixed together using the same Rothoblaas screws as previously used on the screens. -The doors were fixed and installed easily taking a total of one hour for both sets of doors. The polycarbonate was by far the most expensive in the envelope and cladding system, although compared to glazing it was cheap. Another notable disadvantage of glazing was the increased risks in transportation. As noted in the sequence of construction, the cladding screens are a generally simple build and can be completed with unskilled or semi-skilled labour. Starting with manufacturing, the frames only required two team members. Roles consisted of measuring, cutting and aligning the studs then using screws to fix. Each of these frames were then bolted to the floor system and held in place by the plywood facing on the structural beams and columns which extended out past the inward facing edges. We then finished the screen frames with sanding and painting. The only plant hire required for this part of the build was a set of scaffolding - acquired for a full day. Scaffolding came in use when fixing the cladding onto the beams and columns. To meet health and safety measures harnesses were worn at all times when working on the scaffolding and at height. Other than this additional plant hire, the envelope system was easily constructed, installed and fixed with low to semi-skilled labour, using basic hand/power tools and two people. Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£1,822.80

UK Total £8,862.86

£94.76

UK Total £1,151.99

£11.25

UK Total £45.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - ENVELOPE AND CLADDING SYSTEM

Section D - Envelope and Cladding COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire Scaffolding

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.)

$51,491

Days required

Cost 1

Total Total

Notes

$51,491 $51,491 £11.25

Reference

For fixing the cladding

COLOMBIA Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

0 0 $0

16 2 $164,256

0 0 $0

No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

3 2 $15,396

0 0 $0

Painting No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

2.5 2 $12,830

0 0 $0

Polycarbonate No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

5 2 $25,660

0 0 $0

Frames Frame manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

Specified cost

Sanding

Steel No. of hours

No. of workers Total cost

2 $25,660

0 $0

Sole Plate No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

0 0 $0

8 3 $123,192

0 0 $0

Instalation No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

1 2 $5,132

0 0 $0

6 2 $61,596

0 0 $0

Total cost (A/B/C)

$84,678

$349,044

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$433,722 £94.76

Manufacturing and instalation of louvers No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 - unless Type / specified) Location 530 Frames Paint 7850 Screws 7850 Screws 7850 Bolts Nuts Washers 1.7Kg/m2 Polycarbonate

Material name Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Vinilo t1 viniltex 5gl palacio de varsalles HBS 580 HBS450 (D)4mm (L)50mm Bolts 1/2"x 3" x 90mm 1/2 x 3 1/2" 1/2" washers 8mm 5.90x2.10m for Panels steel 'L' profile 32mm x32mm x 3mm 6 metres 7850 profiles long Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm 700 Int/ Ext Cladding x18mm

Quantity

96 1 400 150 100 110 150 8

Unit

0.54

21.06

168.50

0.0109

2.3550

37.68

0.0006 0.0002 0.00085

16 10

0.0123 0.0006 0.0327

Total Weight (Kg) 600.01 18.927 4.93 0.09 3.27

Total Volume (m3) 1.1321

Vol =

0.4499 8,210,200.00

Individual Weight (Kg)

6.2540

34.840 348.40 Total 1,181.82

Cost per element in Colombian pesos ($) $17,500 $243,900 $225 $180 $3,500 $600 $250 $530,900

Additional set-up / Post Total cost in colombian production process pesos ($) $1,680,000 $243,900 $90,000 $27,000 $350,000 $66,000 $37,500 $4,247,200

$23,100

$369,600

$109,900 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

$1,099,000 $8,210,200

Total (conversion to £) =

£1,822.80

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - ENVELOPE AND CLADDING SYSTEM

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Plant Hire Scaffolding

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

£45.00

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) £45.00

Days required

Cost 1

Total

Notes £45

Reference

For fixing the cladding

UNITED KINGDOM Labour Costs Labour Frames Frame manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

Un-skilled

Semi-skilled

Skilled

0 0 £0.00

16 2 £287.36

0 0 £0.00

Sanding No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

3 2 £70.02

0 0 £0.00

Painting No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

2.5 2 £58.35

0 0 £0.00

Polycarbonate No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

5 2 £116.70

0 0 £0.00

Steel No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

5 2 £116.70

0 0 £0.00

Sole Plate No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

0 0 £0.00

8 3 £319.68

0 0 £0.00

Instalation No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

1 2 £23.34

0 0 £0.00

Manufacturing and instalation of louvers No. of hours No. of workers Total cost

0 0 £0.00

6 2 £159.84

0 0 £0.00

£385.11

£766.88

£0.00

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

Specified Cost

£1,151.99

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 - unless specified) 530

Type / Location Frames Paint Screws Bolts Nuts Washers

Material name Timber stud C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm Matt emulsion Moonlight Bay 580 7850 HBS450 (D)4mm HBS (L)50mm 7850 Bolts 1/2"x 3" x 90mm 1/2 x 3 1/2" 1/2" washers Clear Amber Axiome Clear 16mm Polycarbonate 1.7Kg/m2 Polycarbonate 2100mm x 3000mm 30mm x 30mm x 3mm Mild Steel Angle Iron - 6 7850 profiles metre length Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm 700 Int/ Ext Cladding x18mm

Quantity

96 4 400 150 100 110 150

Unit

Total Volume (m3) 1.1321 0.0006 0.0002 0.00085 N/A N/A

Pack of 200

Individual Weight (Kg)

6.2540 5 0.0123 0.0006 0.0327 N/A N/A

Total Weight (Kg) 600.01 20 4.93 0.09 3.27 N/A N/A

Cost per element £ £8.97 £34.99 £0.05 £0.04 £9.00 £0.13 £0.06

0.54

21.06

294.88

£452.52

0.0109

2.3550

37.68

£17.95

34.840 348.40 Total 1,309.27

£29.00

Vol =

0.4499 8,862.86

Additional set-up / Post production process

Total cost in gbp (£) £861.12 £139.96 £20.00 £6.00 £900.00 £14.30 £9.00 £6,335.28 £287.20

Total material costs (£)

£290.00 £8,862.86

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (LOWER)

6. CANOPY (LOWER) Section 6 - Canopy (Lower) 1-Consultation and Prototyping: -Discussions with on-site engineer to finalise existing design. -Testing weight-acceptance of a new joint - successful at 150kg. 2-External Manufacture of connector: -Cut down the mild steel to size with a chop saw. -Using an arc-welder to create twenty four 6-prong and one 4-prong steel connector. 3-Manufacture of timber members: -A diagram ‘map’ was drawn to understand individual members and positioning. -Create customised jigs for member fabrication. -Cut 2” x 4” timber studs to size. 4-Assembly of Components: -Use a square built scaffolding structure as a template. -Place steel connectors into timber slots for fixing. -Feed bolts through the timber and secure them on either side using ratchets. 5-Ring Beam Manufacture: -Cut 2” x 4” timber to size. -Fix timber to the perimeter of gridshell for connection to structural ring beam. 6-Crane Lift: -Prepare the harnesses and connect to the inner square of the gridshell. -Corner pieces may need to be trimmed to allow gridshell a nice fit within structural beams. -Create 40mm x 140mm softwood T-supports. -To increase structural integrity, connect T-supports under the bottom members. 7-Secure T-Supports: -Create 40mm x 140mm softwood T-supports. -To increase structural integrity, connect T-supports under the bottom members.

Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£532.09

UK Total £752.39

£618.20

UK Total £5,713.90

£321.26

UK Total £1,500.00

8-Membrane Application: -Use PVC membrane and trim to fit each triangular section. -Roll sleeping pods to use as ladder support. -Staple membrane onto gridshell. The construction of the gridshell structure was one of the most complicated elements of the construction process. It involved external manufacture of steel connections and accurate cutting of timber members, along with the use of a crane for lifting and placement. The materials, in both Colombia and the UK, are sourced easily and locally. Given the standard nature of these materials, they are also cheap. However the external labour involved in manufacturing the steel connections introduces a larger disparity in costs, due to the price of labour in the UK being much higher than that of Colombia. The cost of crane hire in the UK, compared to Colombia, is vast. At over 4 times the price we start to understand the implications of ambitious construction techniques when placed in different economies. Perhaps a suitable method of value engineering in the UK, would be to assemble the gridshell structure in place, rather than having to hoist it at the final stage.

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (LOWER)

Section E - Canopy lower COLOMBIA Plant Hire

Cost per day Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc Cost for entirety of (inc VAT.) VAT.) project (inc VAT.) Days required

Plant Hire

25 Ton Crane

$200,000 / hour

6 Hours

Riciprocating Saw

$24,700

$123,500

$247,000

10 Total Colombia ($) Total UK conversion (£)

Cost

Notes

$1,200,000

3 Person Crew: Slinger, Operator, Lift Supervisor

$247,000

Actual Cost

Reference

Homecentre

$1,447,000 £321.26

COLOMBIA Labour

Specified cost

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Consultation and Prototyping No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

8 1 $41,064

8 2 $288,000

External Manufacture of connector No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

Manufacter of timber members No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 1 $46,188

18 3 $277,182

0 0 $0

Assembly of Components No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 2 $92,376

18 4 $369,576

0 0 $0

Assembly of Components No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 2 $92,376

18 4 $369,576

0 0 $0

Ringbeam Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

4 1 $10,264

4 1 $20,532

0 0 $0

Crane Lift No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

6 2 $61,596

0 0 $0

Secure T supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

9 1 $46,197

0 0 $0

Membrane Application No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

18 4 $369,576

0 0 $0

$241,204

$1,555,299

$288,000

$700,000

Material name

Quantity

Unit

Lower Canopy

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

Contract 2 $700,000

$2,784,503

Total (conversion to £)

£618.20

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 530 530 1.5Kg/m2 7850 7850

Type / Location

Grid shell roof (1) Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Grid shell roof Timber (2) stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Grid shell roof (3) UPVC Membrane roll Grid shell 6 Prong Steel connector Grid shell 4 Prong Steel Connector Bolts Bolts 1/2"x 3" x 90mm Nuts 1/2 x 3 1/2" Washers 1/2" washers Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm 530 Supports 7850 Screws HBS 3535

16 32 60 m2 24 1 150 150 300 2 40

Cost per element Total Volume Individual Total Weight Colombian pesos Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) ($) Total cost $ (m3) (Kg) production process

Vol =

0.2246 0.29 na 0.011 0.007 0.00085

9.6990 4.7700 na 3.1400 2.0933 0.0327

119.04

0.0281 0.0039 0.57

4.2400 0.0288

14.88 1.15 355.58

90.00 75.36 50.24 4.91

$17,500 $17,500 $10,760 $6,801 Accounted for in Labour $4,395 Accounted for in Labour $3,500 $600 $250 $24,900 $90 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

$280,000 $560,000 $645,600 $163,224 $4,395 $525,000 $90,000 $75,000 $49,800 $3,600 $2,396,619

Total (conversion to £)

£532.09

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (LOWER)

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire

Cost per day Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc Cost for entirety of (exc VAT.) VAT.) project (exc VAT.) Days required

Plant Hire

25 Ton Crane (4 axel)

contract

£1,500.00

N/A

Total

Cost

£1,500.00

Notes

Reference

Estimate cost from phone conversation Contact Bill at with plant hire Premiere company Lifting based on Services previous lift and proposed UK scenario

UNITED KINGDOM Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Consultation and Prototyping No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 1 £106.56

8 2 £248.32

External Manufacture of connector No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 1 £53.28

18 1 £279.36

Manufacter of timber members No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 1 £210.06

18 3 £719.28

0 0 £0.00

Assembly of Components No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 2 £420.12

18 4 £959.04

0 0 £0.00

Assembly of Components No. of hours No. of workers Cost

18 2 £420.12

18 4 £959.04

0 0 £0.00

Ringbeam Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

4 1 £46.68

4 1 £53.28

0 0 £0.00

Crane Lift No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

6 2 £159.84

0 0 £0.00

Secure T supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

9 1 £119.88

0 0 £0.00

Membrane Application No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

18 4 £959.04

0 0 £0.00

Total cost (A/B/C)

£1,096.98

£4,089.24

£527.68

Total Labour Cost =

£5,713.90

Specified cost

Lower Canopy

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 530 1.5Kg/m2 7850 7850

Type / Location Material name Quantity Unit 11 Grid shell roof Timber CLS 38 x 89 x 2400mm (Pack of 6) Grid shell roof (3) White PVC Membrane roll 1.5m Wide 60 m2 Grid shell 6 Prong Steel connector 24 Grid shell 4 Prong Steel Connector 1 Bolts M10 x 60mm 150 Nuts M10 150 Washers M10 Large Diameter 300 Treated Timber Planed C16 (T)38mm (W)140mm (L)2400mm 3 530 Supports 7850 Screws 5 x 100mm (box of 100) 1

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Cost per element Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) (£) Total cost £ (m3) (Kg) production process 0.2246 9.6990 119.04 £27.00 cost per pack £297.00 na na 90.00 £4.20 £252.00 0.011 3.1400 75.36 £5.71 £137.04 0.007 2.0933 50.24 £3.83 £3.83 0.00085 0.0327 4.91 £0.16 £23.97 £0.04 £6.59 £0.01 £2.97 0.0281 4.2400 14.88 £8.00 £24.00 0.0039 0.0288 0.03 £4.99 £4.99 Vol = 0.28 354.45 Total material costs (£) £752.39

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (UPPER)

7. CANOPY (UPPER) Section 7 - Canopy (Upper) 1-Upper structure - manufacture and fitting: -. The structure was manufactured using a series of battons to support the upper membrane. This was initially measured with a laser measurer as this made the process a lot faster and provided a more accurate measurement. These 40 x 40mm sections were then cut down to size from 3.2m lengths. These then formed the grid in which we could support our roof membrane. -. The internal centre prop area was also fitted at this stage with slightly larger sections of timber. This was then fixed to the lower canopy, with a series of screws at diagonal intervals to provide the best fix. 2-Membrane gluing: - The membrane was glued in a specific overlapped way, to ensure that the run off of water would not pool on the joins 3-Membrane fitting: - The membrane was 25m long it was cut to have a 1m overlap on the edges and was then tensioned from either side of the structure by pulling and stapling along the edges and then tensioning from the centre by pulling towards the centre. 4-Membrane join gluing: -. The membrane was 2.1m wide. This obviously would not cover the entire roof canopy in one length. The membrane was then joined in situ with the same gluing technique as previously mentioned in no.2. This was accessed by lying in the void between the upper and lower membrane 5-Membrane stapling: -. The membrane was then stapled to the battons that supported it from below, this helped with tensioning the membrane.

Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£210.17

UK Total £669.08

£181.68

UK Total £2,157.84

£0.00

UK Total £0.00

6-Raising internal square to tension roof: -. This was done by using a jack type system this raised the perimeter incrementally and so put minimal strain on any one part of the roof membrane. It was then fixed into position The main assumptions between the manufacture, fitting, material costs and labour between the built prototype in Colombia and the proposal in the UK for this section are that the main differences are in the costs of labour and materials. The labour in Colombia is significantly cheaper, this in turn impacts the overall cost of the building. The materials purchased in Colombia initially we thought would be significantly cheaper however after costing specific elements the price comparison is quite similar. This could be due to the source location of the raw materials being from the same country perhaps. This will be expanded upon in the conclusion section at the end of this document. The main difference between the prototype in Colombia and the UK was the labour costs, the Colombia price for labour is £181.68 however in the UK the total cost is £2,157.84. This is a huge difference of nearly 170%.

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (UPPER)

Section F - Canopy upper COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day

Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc

Cost for entirety of Days required

N/A

Total Total UK

Cost

Notes

Reference

Total Volume

Individual

$0 £0.00

COLOMBIA Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Canopy upper Upper structure No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 $0

12 3 $184,788

0 0 $0

Membrane gluing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

9 2 $92,394

0 0 $0

Membrane fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

2 2 $0

18 4 $369,576

0 0 $0

Membrane join gluing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 2 $41,064

0 0 $0

Membrane stapling No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 2 $20,532

0 0 $0

Raising internal square to No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 6 $123,192

0 0 $0

Total cost (A/B/C)

Specified

$831,546

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$831,546 £181.68

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 530 530 7850 1.5Kg/m2

Type / Upper roof Center prop Screws Upper roof

Material name

Quantity

Timber stud 2"x2" (40x40mm) x 3200mm Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm HBS 580 UPVC Membrane roll Covertexsa MP 1.2 52.5m2

Unit 12 6 100 1 roll

Vol =

0.1563 0.0715 0.0002 N/A 0.23

3.0210 9.6990 0.0123 N/A C - Total

Total Weight 82.84 37.90 1.23 1.50 123.47

Cost per element Additional set-up / Post Total cost $ $17,500 $24,900 $225 $564,750 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

$210,000 $149,400 22,500.00 564,750.00 $946,650

Total (conversion to £)

£210.17

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CANOPY (UPPER)

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire

Cost per day

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc

Cost for entirety of Days required Total

Cost

Notes

Reference

Total Volume

Individual

£0.00

Plant Hire comparison UK Colombia £0.00 £0.00 Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Canopy Upper Upper structure No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

12 3 £479.52

0 0 £0.00

Membrane gluing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

9 2 £239.76

0 0 £0.00

Membrane fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

£0.00

18 4 £959.04

0 0 £0.00

Membrane join gluing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 £106.56

0 0 £0.00

Membrane stapling No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 2 £53.28

0 0 £0.00

Assembly No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 6 £319.68

0 0 £0.00

Total cost (A/B/C)

Specified

£2,157.84

Total Labour Cost = Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 530 530 7850 1.5Kg/m2

£2,157.84

Type / Upper roof Center prop Screws Upper roof

Material name Timber stud 2"x2" (40x40mm) x 3200mm Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm HBS 580 SPON Single plastic roof coverings.

Quantity

Unit 12 6 100 1 roll

Vol =

0.1563 0.0715 0.0002 na 0.23

3.0210 9.6990 0.0123 na C - Total

Total Weight 82.84 37.90 1.23 1.50 123.47

Cost per element Additional set-up / Post Total cost (£) £29.00 £8.93 £0.05 £262.50

Total material costs (£)

£348.00 £53.58 £5.00 £262.50 £669.08

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SOLAR SHADES

8. SOLAR SHADES Section 8 - Solar Shades 1-Manufacture: -. Profiles cut from full size 2440mmx1220mm marine grade ply using a mark out and jigsaw to cut the curves. 2-Pads and stakes manufacture and fitting: -. Pads made to fit on site based on varying AODs. -. Stakes cut from 1000mm treated threaded rod using table based angle grinder, finished using handheld angle grinder to form point of stake. -. Leveling corrected using construction sand on site and fixed in place by driving manufactured stakes through the pad. 3-Arches Assembly/manufacture: -. Manufactured using 130mm x 40mm timber lengths to join separate panels. Three separate arch elements created for each face. 4-Arches Corner Posts: - 90mm sq timber posts joined together using scarf joint, cut using reciprocating saw. Connected using permanent screw fix. Lower plywood panels fixed to post providing increased stiffness. 5-Shelf design and manufacture: - Designed to fit the as built internal perimeter set by the PV layout using 12mm ply and 40mm x 90mm timber stud. - Fit in place using push along scaffold access 6-Shelf corner supports: - Design/ Manufacture process same as above but following perimeter around the corner. Notch cut from corner point to accept the arch corner posts. 7-Fitting: - Fit in place using push along scaffold access around the entire external perimeter of the building. As the arches were not a structural member, construction and assembly could be completed separately, away from the prototype. Due to the size and weight of these arches it took a number of hands on deck to lift, place and fix in place - causing a large cost in labour. Similar to other aspects of the build, due to working at height, a scaffold structure was needed for assistance. The idea of spending £4367.48 on a feature such a solar shading would be unnecessary in reality. We could develop on this idea to make it contextually relevant or add these excess funds to improvements elsewhere within the prototype. For the sake of this report we have included the solar shading and found the comparative cost here in the UK. Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£1,230.83

UK Total £1,964.84

£205.23

UK Total £2,357.64

£11.27

UK Total £45.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SOLAR SHADES

Section G - Solar Shades COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (inc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (inc VAT.)

Push along access platform

$50,769

N/A

$50,769

Days required

Cost

1 Total Colombia ($) Total UK conversion (£)

$50,769

Notes

Reference

$50,769 £11.27

COLOMBIA Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Solar Shades Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

18 1 $92,394

0 0 £0.00

Pads and stakes manufacture and fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 $41,064

0 0 £0.00

Arches Assembly/manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

£0.00

9 4 $184,788

0 0 £0.00

Arches Corner Posts No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 1 $15,399

0 0 £0.00

Shelf design and manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

18 3 $277,182

0 0 £0.00

Shelf corner supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 2 $82,128

0 0 £0.00

Fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 6 $246,384

0 0 £0.00

Total cost (A/B/C)

Specified cost

$939,339

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$939,339 £205.23

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 700 700 530 530 7850 530 650 700 530 7850

Type / Location

Material name

Shelf Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x18mm Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x15mm Shades Shelf structure Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Structure Pine studs 38mm x 152.4 x 3960mm Screws HBS 580 Frames Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Frames Timber post 4"x4" (90x90mm) x 4200mm Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x15mm Shades Shelf structure Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm Screws HBS 580

Quantity

Cost per element Total Volume Individual Total Weight Colombian pesos Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) (Kg) ($) (m3) production process

Unit 2 48 11 9 400 24 4 3 8 300

Sheets Sheets Lengths of timber Lengths of timber In box of 100 Lengths of timber Lengths of timber Sheets Lengths of timber In box of 100 Vol =

0.1177 0.3472 0.1283 0.1942 0.0006 0.3032 0.1360 0.1056 0.0880 0.0005 1.42

37.520 31.290 6.0950 11.766 0.0123 6.0950 22.1000 31.290 6.0950 0.0123

75.04 243.04 68.00 105.89 4.93 160.70 72.08 73.92 46.64 3.70 850.24

Total cost $

$109,900 $83,900 $17,500 $24,900 $225 $17,500 $22,900 $83,900 $17,500 $225 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($) =

$219,800 $4,027,200 $192,500 $224,100 $90,000 $420,000 $91,600 $251,700 $13,500 $13,500 $5,543,900

Total (conversion to £) =

£1,230.83

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SOLAR SHADES

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.)

Days required

Cost

Push along access platform

£45.00

N/A

£45.00

1 Total

£45.00 £45.00

Specified cost

Notes

Reference

UNITED KINGDOM Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Solar Shades Manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

18 1 £239.76

0 0 £0.00

Pads and stakes manufacture and fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 £106.56

0 0 £0.00

Arches Assembly/manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

9 4 £479.52

0 0 £0.00

Arches Corner Posts No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 1 £39.96

0 0 £0.00

Shelf design and manufacture No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 2 £213.12

0 0 £0.00

Shelf corner supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 6 £639.36

0 0 £0.00

Fitting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 6 £639.36

4 6 £0.00

£0.00

£2,357.64

£0.00

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

£2,357.64

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 700 700 530 530 7850 530 650 700 530 7850

Type / Location

Shelf Exterior Plywood Board (Th)18mm (W)1220mm (L)2440mm 15mm x 1220mm x 2440mm WBP BB/CC External Plywood Shades Shelf structure C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm Structure Sawn Timber Regularised 47mm x 75mm x 4.8m Screws HBS 580 Frames Timber stud C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm Treated Carcassing Planed C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)4800mm Frames 15mm x 1220mm x 2440mm WBP BB/CC External Plywood Shades Shelf structure Timber stud C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm Screws HBS 580

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Weight (Kg) (Kg) (m3)

Unit 2 48 11 9 400 24 4 3 8 300

Sheets Sheets Lengths of timber Lengths of timber In box of 100 Lengths of timber Lengths of timber Sheets Lengths of timber In box of 100 Vol =

0.1177 0.3472 0.1283 0.1942 0.0006 0.3032 0.1360 0.1056 0.0880 0.0005 1.42

37.520 31.290 6.0950 11.766 0.0123 6.0950 22.1000 31.290 6.0950 0.0123

75.04 243.04 68.00 105.89 4.93 160.70 72.08 73.92 46.64 3.70 853.94

Cost per element Additional set-up / Post (£) production process Total cost (£) £29.00 £26.70 £8.93 £8.93 £0.05 £8.97 £10.90 £27.00 £8.97 £0.05

Total material costs (£)

£58.00 £1,281.60 £98.23 £80.37 £20.00 £215.28 £43.60 £81.00 £71.76 £15.00 £1,964.84

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTERNALS

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INERNALS

9. INTERNALS Section 9 - Internals Colombia 1-Build timber studwork: Cut lengths of timber to appropriate lengths Fix studs to create wall panels Assemble and fix wall panels in correct location 2-Fit plywood cladding: Cut plywood sheets to correct size Fix to timber studwork 3-Fit sliding door mechanism and door Cut timber to correct length and fit to the top of opening Fit sliding door track to timber above opening Fit sliders to door Place door in pace 4-Assemble work units and worktop Assemble work units and doors Cut worktop to correct size Fix to work units 5-Assemble shelves Using offcuts from worktop cut shelves to size Fix to walls 6-Fit sink and hob Cut opening in worktop Fix sink and hob in opening The internal work carried out is very simple in nature and involved only semi skilled labour and no need for plant hire. All the materials and furnishings were sourced from Homecenter, a local DIY store to keep the costs reasonable and make sure that everything was locally sourced. While the 67% increase in price for similar materials and appliances at the B&Q was sizeable, the almost 12 fold increase in labour costs for the same work carried out in the UK (£48 vs £572) is testament to the emerging conclusion that the difference in labour costs between the UK and Colombia is what would make building in the UK almost prohibitive. Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£1,098.03

£48.22

£0.00

UK Total

£1,836.49

£572.76

£0.00

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INTERNALS

Section H - Interior COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (inc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (inc VAT.)

Days required

Cost

None

Total Colombia ($) Total UK conversion (£)

£0.00

Notes

Reference

COLOMBIA Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Interior Construction of timber studwork No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

6 2 $61,596

0 0 $0

Fit plywood cladding No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 2 $41,064

0 0 $0

Fit sliding door mechanism and doors No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 1 $10,266

0 0 $0

Assemble work units and manufacture worktop No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

6 2 $61,596

0 0 $0

Cut holes for electrics and plumbing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

2 1 $10,266

0 0 $0

Assemble shelves No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

3 2 $30,798

0 0 $0

Fit sink and hob No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

1 1 $5,133

0 0 $0

$220,719

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

Specified cost

$220,719 £48.22

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 530 7850 700 7850 -

Type / Location Frame Screws Cladding Screws Interior doors Sliding Door System Internal walls Kitchen Unit Kitchen Unit Worktop and Shelving Kitchen Sink Electric Hob Bathroom Set

Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm HBS 580 Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x9mm Steel Screw (D)4mm (L)50mm Plywood door 650mmx2050mmx60mm Mr Plus - Sliding door kit Cement board 2440mmx1220mmx8mm MDF kitchen cupboard 480mmx600mm (800mm high) MDF kitchen cupboard 800mmx600mm (800mm high) Engineered Pine Worktop 2400mmx600mmx18mm Stainless steel sink 1000mmx500mm Vitroceramic 4 piece hob 220V 580mmx510mm Bathroom toilet, sink and pedestal

Unit 37 100 20 150 2 2 8 1 2 4 1 1 1

lengths of timber screws sheets screws units

Cost per element Total Volume Individual Total Weight Colombian Pesos Additional set-up / Post Total cost (Colombian Weight (Kg) (Kg) Pesos) (m3) production process ($) 0.4366 0.0002 0.5360 0.0002 -

6.2540 0.0123 18.760 0.0006 31.960 -

231.40 1.23 375.20 0.09 255.68 -

$17,500 $225 $53,900 $180 $75,900 $21,400 $51,900 $174,000 $219,900 $114,900 $89,900 $1,159,900 $317,700 Total costs Colombia Pesos ($) Total (conversion to £)

647,500.00 22,500.00 1,078,000.00 27,000.00 151,800.00 42,800.00 415,200.00 174,000.00 439,800.00 459,600.00 89,900.00 1,159,900.00 317,700.00 5,025,700.00 £1,098.03

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - INERNALS

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.)

N/A

£0.00

Days required

Cost

£0.00

Total

Notes

Reference

UNITED KINGDOM Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Interior Construction of timber studwork No. of hours No. of workers Cost

Labour

0 0 £0.00

6 2 £159.84

0 0 £0.00

Fit plywood cladding No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 £106.56

0 0 £0.00

Fit sliding door mechanism and doors No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 1 £26.64

0 0 £0.00

Assemble work units and manufacture worktop No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

6 2 £159.84

0 0 £0.00

Cut holes for electrics and plumbing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

2 1 £26.64

0 0 £0.00

Assemble shelves No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 2 £79.92

0 0 £0.00

Fit sink and hob No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

1 1 £13.32

0 0 £0.00

£0.00

£572.76

£0.00

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

Specified cost

£572.76

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified) 530 7850 700 7850 -

Type / Location Frames Screws Cladding Screws Interior doors Sliding Door System Internal walls Kitchen Unit Kitchen Unit Kitchen Unit Doors Kitchen Unit Doors Worktop and Shelving Kitchen Sink Electric Hob Toilet Basin set

C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm HBS 580 Birch plywood (marine grade) 2440mm x1220mm x9mm HBS 450 (D)4mm (L)50mm Plywood door 610mmx1981mmx35mm Slik sliding door system Cemboard General Purpose Cement Board 2400mmx1200mmx12mm Cooke & Lewis White Standard Base Cabinet W800mm Cooke & Lewis White Standard Base Cabinet W500mm IT Kitchens Standard Door W400mm IT Kitchens Standard Door W500mm Richard Burbidge pine block board 18mmx600mmx2350mm Stainless steel sink 860mmx435mm Bosch 4 Burner Ceramic Electric Induction Hob H2O Slimline Toilet Pan & Cistern Set White H2O 360mm 1 Tap Hole Standard Cloak Basin Set

Unit 37 100 20 150 2 2 8 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1

lengths of timber screws sheets screws units

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Cost per element Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) (m3) (Kg) (£) production process 0.44 0.0002 0.0002

6.2540 0.0123 18.760 0.0006

231.40 1.23 375.20 0.09

31.960

255.68

£8.97 £0.05 £16.74 £0.04 £26.39 £20.00 £27.08 £32.00 £24.00 £10.00 £9.00 £40.14 £47.94 £342.00 £95.94 £65.94

Total material costs (£)

Total cost (£) £331.89 £5.00 £334.80 £6.00 £52.78 £40.00 £216.64 £64.00 £24.00 £40.00 £9.00 £160.56 £47.94 £342.00 £95.94 £65.94 £1,836.49

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SERVICES

10. SERVICES Section 10 - Services Electrics 1-Supports for PV track: Cut lengths of timber to 1000mm length Fix timber supports to the top of the beam 2- PV track: Cut steel section to correct length Fix steel track to timber supports in appropriate location 3-Fit PV Panels: Fit steel panel grips to track Fit PV panels on track using grip as a fix 4-Install inverter and circuit breakers: Fix to wall of service cupboard Connect inverter to the circuit breaker 5-Fitting of internal lighting 6-Fitting of steel tubes, internal wiring, sockets and switches: Cut, bend and connect steel tubes. Fix to interior in appropriate location Complete wiring circuit within steel tubes Wire sockets and light switches 7-Connection of PV panels to inverter and circuit Complete circuit of PV panels Connect PV circuit to inverter 8-Fitting of ceiling fan Fix fan to ceiling Attach fan to house circuitry Plumbing 1-Fitting of hot and cold water piping Cut pipes to length and join using connectors and plastic sealant Fit piping to interiors

The solar panels in this section made up approximately 70% of the cost. This was one of the largest single expenses throughout the build process in Colombia. However since it is located in the equatorial region sun radiation is fairly constant throughout the year, averaging 4.5 kWh/m2. In London comparable levels of solar radiation are only possible in May and the summer months. From an economical standpoint, using PV panels to generate electricity in Colombia was logical, as the large cost of the panels would be recouped by the electricity generated throughout the lifetime of the building. Less solar exposure in the UK would make PV panels less efficient throughout the year, and the electricity generated would be significantly less than in Colombia. Making a PV system much less viable and potentially investigation into alternative energy generation method. However an interesting finding is that the materials costs for Colombia and the UK are very similar. This could be down to the majority of materials being internationally sourced, therefore being a similar price globally. But once again the UK labour cost and plant hire, dramatically increase the price of construction in the UK.

2-Connection of hot and cold piping to appliances 3-Connection of hot and cold piping to mains water source Cut pipes to length and join using connectors and plastic sealant 4-Fitting of waste water piping Cut pipes to length and join using connectors and plastic sealant Connect to appliances 5-Assembly of solar collector and hot water tank Layout solar collector at an inclined angle Fix hot water tank to supports Connect and seal pipes between collector and tank

Cost Summary (£) Materials Colombia Total Labour Colombia Total Plant hire Colombia Total

£6,265.17

£735.97

£90.17

UK Total

£6,321.37

£2,372.96

£360.00

6-Connection of hot water tank to house plumbing Cut pipes to length and connect to house plumbing Connect to hot water tank and seal connections

Section I - Services SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SERVICES COLOMBIA Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (inc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (inc VAT.)

Push along access platform

$50,769

$253,845

Cost for entirety of project (inc VAT.) Days required $203,076

4 Total Colombia ($) Total UK conversion (£)

Cost

Notes

Reference

$406,152 $406,152 £90.17

COLOMBIA Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Specified cost

Skilled (C)

Suma Ingenieria Ltda contracts electricians at $18,000 COP per hour

Electrics Manufacture and fitting of supports for PV track No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 2 $144,000

Fit steel PV track to supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 4 $288,000

Fit PV panels to track No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 4 $288,000

Install inverter and circuit breakers No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

8 2 $288,000

Fitting of internal lighting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 2 $144,000

Fitting of steel wire casing, internal wiring, sockets and switches No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

24 4 $1,728,000

Fitting of ceiling fan No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 1 $72,000

Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$2,952,000 £644.96

Plumbing Fitting of hot and cold water pipes No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

8 1 $144,000

Connection of hot and cold piping to appliances No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

3 1 $54,000

Connection of domestic piping to mains water source No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

3 1 $54,000

Fitting of waste water piping No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

3 1 $54,000

Assembly of solar water heater and hot water tank No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

4 1 $20,532

4 1 $72,000

Connection of hot water tank to house plumbing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 $0

1 1 $18,000

$20,532

$396,000

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost = Total Labour Cost (£) =

$416,532 £91.01

COLOMBIA Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified)

Type / Location - Photovoltaic Panel

530 Track supports - Single phase string inverter -

Wire casing Electrical wires Socket/switch boxes Electrical sockets Electrical switches Interior Lighting Interior Lighting

Canadian Solar CS6X-P MAXPOWER Timber stud 2"x4" (40x90mm) x 3200mm ABB Single phase string inverter

Unit 16 4 1

Galvanised steel conduit tubing 25mm x 3000mm 3 core-electrical cable 50m coil Galvanised steel socket box 100mmx50mmx40mm PVC double socket PVC single switch 3 lamp lighting track 1000mm Ceiling mounted roof lamp

7 1 12 7 4 6 2

- Domestic water pipes

PVC 12mm piping 3000mm length

- Waste water pipes - Solar collector - Hot water storage tank

PVC 48mm piping 3000mm length SUNSET Solar SunBlue 21 SUNSET Solar Hot water storage tank

7 1 1

Panels Lengths of timber Unit Lengths of pipe Coil Units Units Units Units Units Lengths of pipe Lengths of pipe Panel Tank

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Cost per element Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) Colombian pesos ($) Total cost $ (m3) (Kg) production process -

$1,211,487

$19,383,792

6.095 -

24.38 -

$17,500 $7,145,983

$70,000 $7,145,983

$195,300 $38,900 $14,280 $25,900 $14,800 $599,400 $37,800

$27,900 $38,900 $1,190 $3,700 $3,700 $99,900 $18,900 $11,900

$119,000

$24,900 Included in rental cost $400,000 Rental cost Total costs Colombia Pesos ($)

$174,300 $400,000 $28,219,455

Total (conversion to £)

£6,265.17

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - SERVICES

UNITED KINGDOM Plant Hire Plant Hire

Cost per day (exc VAT.)

Cost per week Monday - Friday (exc VAT.)

Push along access platform

£45.00

£225.00

Cost for entirety of project (exc VAT.) Days required £180.00

£4.00 Total

Cost

Notes

Reference

£360.00 £360.00

UNITED KINGDOM Labour

Un-skilled (A)

Semi-skilled (B)

Skilled (C)

Electrics Manufacture and fitting of supports for PV track No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 £106.56

0 0 £0.00

Fit steel PV track to supports No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 3 £159.84

4 1 £62.08

Fit PV panels to track No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 3 £159.84

4 1 £62.08

Install inverter and circuit breakers No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 2 £248.32

Fitting of internal lighting No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 2 £124.16

Fitting of internal wiring, sockets and switches No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

16 4 £993.28

Fitting of ceiling fan No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 1 £62.08

£0.00

£426.24

£1,552.00

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

Specified cost

£1,978.24

Plumbing Fitting of hot and cold water pipes No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

8 1 £124.16

Connection of hot and cold piping to appliances No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 1 £46.56

Connection of domestic piping to mains water source No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 1 £46.56

Fitting of waste water piping No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

3 1 £46.56

Assembly of solar water heater and hot water tank No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

4 1 £53.28

4 1 £62.08

Connection of hot water tank to house plumbing No. of hours No. of workers Cost

0 0 £0.00

1 1 £15.52

£0.00

£53.28

£341.44

Material name

Quantity

Total cost (A/B/C) Total Labour Cost =

£394.72

UNITED KINGDOM Materials Densities Used (kg/m3 unless specified)

Type / Location

- Photovoltaic panels and steel track Canadian Solar CS6X-P MAXPOWER 530 -

Track supports Single phase string inverter Electrical wires Socket/switch boxes Electrical sockets Electrical switches Interior Lighting Interior Lighting

Unit 16

C16 (T)45mm (W)95mm (L)3000mm ABB Single phase stirng inverter 0.75mm 3 Core PVC Flexible Cable (1m) Galvanised steel socket box 100mmx50mmx47mm PVC double socket PVC single switch 4 Lamp Bar Spotlight Ceiling mounted roof lamp

4 1 50 12 7 5 6 2

- Water pipes

PVC 15mm piping 3000mm length

- Waste water pipes - Solar collector - Hot water storage tank

PVC 50mm piping 3000mm length SUNSET Solar SunBlue 21 SUNSET Hot water storage tank

7 1 1

Panels Lengths of timber Unit Metres Units Units Units Units Units Lengths of pipe Lengths of pipe Panel Tank

Total Volume Individual Total Weight Additional set-up / Post Weight (Kg) (Kg) Cost per element (£) (m3) production process Total cost (£) -

£268.63

£4,298.08

6.095 -

24.38 -

£8.97 £1,584.55 £0.31 £1.13 £1.39 £0.83 £28.00 £7.00

£35.88 £1,584.55 £15.50 £13.56 £9.73 £4.15 £168.00 £14.00

£3.59

£35.90

£7.86 £87.00

Included in rental cost Rental cost Total material costs (£)

£55.02 £87.00 £6,321.37

Introduction

Foundation

Floor Slab

Structure (Columns/ Beams)

Envelope & Cladding Systems

Canopy (Lower)

Canopy (Upper)

Solar Shades

Internals

Services

11 Conclusion

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CONCLUSION

11. CONCLUSION Section 11 - Conclusions The following tables show the total costs of the built prototype. Costs for the construction in Colombia are accurate, based on actual receipts and time spent. The labour costs were based on invoices submitted to team Heliomet and combined with data from the LCA tool of the World Food Program. UK costs are based on quotes, estimates and advertised prices for specific materials. In the Colombian scenario we understand the cost of the project through our own records, but research of additional costs were more difficult to source and reviewing early estimates highlights uncosted or inaccurately costed built elements. As such, the pitfalls in costing a building project across continents have been learned; the translation of specific materials and components requires local knowledge rather than a direct written translation, and language barriers/time difference makes gathering real costs beyond the online catalogue even harder. For the UK scenario, reliable material costs and quotes were found quickly. Unsurprisingly, all incurred costs are significantly higher in the UK. The cost of labour shows the greatest disparity, whereas material costs vary between specific items.

Colombia Project Cost =

£20,588.53

UK Project Cost =

£51,489.96

Section A

Section C

Section E

Section G

Summary in GBP (£)

Materials Colombia Total £354.43

UK Total £629.46

Materials Colombia Total £1,861.65

UK Total £3,510.94

Materials Colombia Total £532.09

UK Total £752.39

Materials Colombia Total £1,230.83

UK Total £1,964.84

Labour Colombia Total £13.74

UK Total £175.70

Labour Colombia Total £196.44

UK Total £1,604.64

Labour Colombia Total £618.20

UK Total £5,713.90

Labour Colombia Total £205.23

UK Total £2,357.64

Plant hire Colombia Total £0.00

UK Total £0.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £83.26

UK Total £400.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £321.26

UK Total £1,500.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £11.27

UK Total £45.00

£368.17

£805.16

£2,141.35

£5,515.58

£1,471.55

£7,966.29

£1,447.33

£4,367.48

Section B

Section D

Section F

Section H

Summary in GBP (£)

Materials Colombia Total £4,333.71

UK Total £5,641.01

Materials Colombia Total £1,822.80

UK Total £8,862.86

Materials Colombia Total £210.17

UK Total £669.08

Materials Colombia Total £1,098.03

UK Total £1,836.49

Labour Colombia Total £251.81

UK Total £2,989.11

Labour Colombia Total £94.76

UK Total £906.98

Labour Colombia Total £181.68

UK Total £2,157.84

Labour Colombia Total £48.22

UK Total £572.76

Plant hire Colombia Total £16.39

UK Total £100.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £11.25

UK Total £45.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £0.00

UK Total £0.00

Plant hire Colombia Total £0.00

UK Total £0.00

£4,601.91

£8,730.12

£1,928.81

£9,814.84

£391.85

£2,826.92

£1,146.25

£2,409.25

Section I

Total costs

Summary in GBP (£) Materials Colombia Total £6,265.17

UK Total £6,321.37

Labour Colombia Total £735.97

UK Total £2,372.96

Plant hire Colombia Total £90.17

UK Total £360.00

£7,091.31

£9,054.33

Colombia Prelims = Colombia Labour = Colombia Materials = Total Project Value Colombia Plant = Colombia Fees = Colombia Contingency = Total Plant =

£1,687.23 £2,346.05 £17,708.88 £21,742.16 £533.60 £3,427.99 £3,088.28 £1,261.00

UK Prelims = UK Labour = UK Materials = Total Project Value UK Plant = UK Fees = UK Contingency = Total Plant =

£5,627.85 £18,851.53 £30,188.44 £54,667.81 £2,450.00 £8,573.08 £7,723.49 £1,261.00

Total Project Cost =

£30,053.03

UK Total =

£74,675.38

Total Project Cost + VAT =

£34,861.51

UK Total + VAT =

£89,610.46

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Labour

Conclusions: Material

The total labour costs for Colombia and the UK are very different, with the UK Labour costs at £18,851.53 and the Colombian equivalent at £2346.05. This is hardly surprising, given the differences in the hourly rates - equivalent Colombian semi-skilled labour costs £1.14 per hour as opposed to a UK labourer being paid £13.32. However a straight comparison of the cost of labour in Colombia to the cost of labour in the UK, is somewhat skewed.

As mentioned previously, to generate reliable estimates of a project to be built in a different continent is complex. Although, there were key points in the cost of things between Colombia and the UK which presents insight into materials on a global scale and suggests how relevant a product is to its region.

The simple exchange of Colombian Pesos to GBP doesn’t take into account the economic implications for those labouring. Or the ability of the labourers to live in one of the houses they are building. The intention of the design was to provide affordable housing and it is a fair assumption that an affordable house should be in the grasp of those who are involved in the construction. A brief look at the final figures provides an interesting insight: A semi-skilled labourer in the UK would earn 0.015% of the total UK project cost, per working hour. Whereas, a semiskilled labourer in Colombia would earn 0.003% of the total Colombian project cost, per working hour. Hypothetically, it would take the UK labourer 6,727 working hours (roughly 3 years), to earn enough money to buy the house he has helped build. The Colombian equivalent worker would have to work for 30,580 hours (13 years) for the same outcome. This maths relies on the labourers saving everything they earn from 9 hour days and 5 day weeks. Perhaps an apt observation is that the definition of affordable housing in the UK is vastly different to what might be affordable in Colombia.

The bulk of our raw material is sawn softwood and building grade plywood sheets. The softwood is significantly cheaper than that sold in the UK. The quality of which, was is in many cases better than the supply in the UK it was generally straighter. What does this suggest about the production and supply of the Colombian softwood? It is clear human labour (wages) are the major factor in final costs, as such, does this prove that the softwood is locally sourced? Does it suggest that the timber is less responsibly forested than european equivalents? Plywood is of course a factory made product. In the UK we have seen plywood which is manufactured in China - it is a global product. We assume it’s manufacture is dependent on infrastructure and machinery rather than human labour, does this suggest it should have an internationally stable price? Does it make it more suitable for international projects, in the context of Colombia, plywood may be seen as overly expensive where the local industry benefits from cheap labour. Is it the cost of labour which skews our perspective into falsely considering a material as ‘cheap’? Does the push for more factory based and technical products damage a labour dependent community?

SOL_ID - COSTING REPORT - CONCLUSION