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Journal of Democracy (Volume 25, Number 1, January

2014)

Breaking the News, The Role of State-Run Media (Christopher Walkerç Robert W. Orttung)

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ynm tdkif'D,m

tdkif'D,macwfvdkYqdkw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if ynmacwf a&muf jyDvdkYajymw,f/ ynmacwfrSm tc&musvmwmu tdkif'D,m/ ynm tm;vHk;[m tdkif'D,mtay: tajccHjyD; xGufvmMuw,f/ tdkif'D,mu b,ftay:rSm trDjyKaewmvJ/ ar;p&m&dSygw,f/ tdkif'D,mqdkwm avhvmrI oif,lrIeJY wdkuf½dkuftcsKd;usw,f/ 'gayr,fh avhvmrI&dSwdkif; tdkif'D,m&dSwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ tdkif'D,m&dS&ifawmh avhvmrI&dSw,fvdkY ajymvdkY&r,f/ avhvmw,fqdkwJhae&mrSm ta&;MuD;wJh tcsuf&dSw,f/

EdkifiHa&;zwfpm 253

avhvmyHk csOf;uyfyHku tdkif'D,mxGufay:vmyHkeJY qufpyfaew,f/ 'gudk avhvm&r,f/ ynmqdkwm olUtvdkvdk xGufvmwm r[kwf/ tdkif'D,mqdkwmvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;ygyJ/ 'Dae&mrSm ynmtay: csOf;uyfyHk[m ta&; odyfMuD;w,f/ tpGJawGeJY csOf;uyfjcif;[m ynmudk owfwmyJ/ 'DvdkyJ ywf0ef;usifeJY vdkufavsmnDaxGrjzpfwJh tdkif'D,mawGrSm ,pfrl;aejcif;[m avhvmrIyHkpH rSm;vdkYyJvdkY qdkvdk&r,f/ ynmorm;rSef&if vGwfvyfrIqDudk oGm;&r,f/ tdkif'D,morm;[m tpGJuif;uif;&dS&r,f/ tpGJvHk;0 ruif; &ifawmif tpGJrMuD;&bl;/ tpGJroef&bl;/ bufr&dS&bl;/ rl&dS&r,f/ tajccH&dS&r,f/

tdkif'D,mwdkY&JU oabm

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254 rif;aoh

vnfqefYaewJh oabm&dSw,f/ 'ghaMumifh tdkif'D,mwdkY[m wdk;wufjcif;&JU o½kyfjzpfw,f/

tdkif'D,m&JU ta&;ygrI

tdkifwDray:rD acwfu ynmqdkwm tawGUtMuHKtay: wdkuf½dkuf tajccHw,f/ tawGUtMuHK rsm;avav ynmrsm;avav qdkwJhoabm/ tdkifwDay:jyD;wJhacwfrSm ajymif;jyefjzpfoGm;w,f/ ynmqdkwm avhvmrI pl;prf;rI &SmazGazmfxkwfrItay:rSm rlwnfoGm;w,f/ avhvmrIaumif; avav? ynmwwfavav ynmwwfavav vl&m0ifvmavav jzpfvmw,f/ vl&m0ifw,fqdkwm vlaygif;qHhw,fqdkwJh omref tqifh rsKd;avmufudk qdkvdkcsifwm r[kwfbl;/ tdkif'D,morm;tzdkY olUywf0ef; usifrSm ol[m ta&;ygwJh vlwpfa,mufjzpfvmw,f/ aemufqHk; r&dSrjzpf vlwpfa,mufjzpfvmw,f/ ywf0ef;usifu olUtay: rDScdkvm &w,f/ txl;ojzifh olUtdkif'D,mtay: rDScdkvm&w,f/ 'ghaMumifh tdkif'D,morm;[m wefzdk;eJYvl jzpfvmw,f/

tdkif'D,mqdkwmvnf; olUtcsif;csif;wGef;rS wdkufrS wefzdk; topf awG xGufvmwwfwmrdkY tdkif'D,morm;awG OD;aESmuf rkefwdkif;qifzdkY vdkw,f/ OD;aESmufudkqGrS tdkif'D,mtopfawG Edk;xvmr,f/ tdkif'D,mawG Edk;xrS tdkif'D,mawGuxjyD; tvkyfvkyfr,f/ tdkif'D,mawG tvkyfvkkyfrS &v'fawG xGufr,f/ &v'fxGufatmif tvkyfvkyfwwfrS wefzdk;&dSr,f/

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EdkifiHa&;zwfpm 255

uvnf; &SifoefzdkYtwGuf yxrta&;tMuD;qHk; xm;&wmr[kwfvm;/ &SifoefzdkYtwGuf omrefeJY r&awmh ynmu ydkjyD; ta&;MuD; vmw,f/ ynmMuD;wJholawG ydkjyD; oufaomifhoufom &dSvmw,f/ ydkjyD; prwfus vmw,f/ ynmu acwfopfrSm ydkjyD; vdkvmavav tdkif'D,morm;wdkY ykdjyD; a&SUa&mufvmavavyJ/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ajym&&if tdkif'D,morm;wdkY ydkjyD;vkdvmavavyJ/ tdkif'D,m tenf;tusOf;avmufeJY a&SUa&mufaewJh olawGudk MunfhjyD; tdkif'D,mrsm; tHkvdkufusif;vdkuf&dS&if b,favmuf aygufajrmufrvJqdkwmudk awG;MunfhEkdifw,f/

tdkif'D,mwdkY xHkul;jcif;

tdkif'D,m&JUoabm[m aygif;pyfwwfwJh oabm&dSw,f/ "mwf ul;w,f/ "mwfjyKw,fqdkwJh oabm&dS jyefw,f/ "mwfjyKjyD; topf aygufzGm;vmw,f/ tdkif'D,mtopfawGuom acwfopfudk OD;aqmif w,f/ tckjzpfaewJh acwfuvnf; tdkif'D,mtopfawGu jyKjyifzefwD;wJh avmujzpfvmwmudk awGU&w,f/ 'gudk tdkif'D,morm;wdkY&JUacwfvdkYajym&if rrSm;bl;aygh/ tdkif'D,mwdkY xHkul;zdkYqdk&if tdkif'D,mawGu rwluGJjym;rS&r,f/ rqDrqdkifwJh tdkif'D,mawGu xHkul;zdkYrvG,fbl;/ qefYusifbuf tdkif'D,mwdkYu xHkul;zdkY vG,fw,f/ A[kokwqdkwm olUcsnf;oufouf oHk;r&ygbl;/ A[kokwudk tajccHjyD; tdkif'D,mtjzpfajymif;vJEdkifrS toHk;0ifw,f/ wefzdk;&dSw,f/ tdkif'D,mqdkwmvnf; olUtcsif;csif;wGef;rS wdkufrS wefzdk; topf awG xGufvmwwfwmrdkY tdkif'D,morm;awG OD;aESmuf rkefwdkif;qifzdkY vdkw,f/ OD;aESmufudkqGrS tdkif'D,mtopfawG Edk;xvmr,f/ tdkif'D,m awG Edk;xrS tdkif'D,mawGuxjyD; tvkyfvkyfr,f/ tdkif'D,mawG tvkyfvkkyfrS &v'fawG xGufr,f/ &v'fxGufatmif tvkyfvkyfwwfrS wefzdk;&dSr,f/ 'g[m tdkif'D,mwdkY xHkul;jcif;&JU tusKd;aygh/

256 rif;aoh

vli,feJY tdkif'D,m

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