The Ontarion - 187.3

187.3 Oct. 31, 2019

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Table of Contents

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EDITORIAL 4. STUDENT “CHOICE” NEWS 5. MINORITY GOVERNMENT 6. BRIDGING THE GAP 6. PROFESSOR WINS OCUFA TEACHING AWARD 7. WHALE OF A SUCCESS

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SPORTS 9. A LOOK AT FALL ATHLETICS

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OPINION 10. THE PPC’S CODED LANGUAGE 11. TALK NERDY TO ME 12. LOOKING FORWARD 15. INTO THE LIGHT 15. WHAT A MINORITY LIBERAL GOVERNMENT COULD MEAN FOR INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ARTS & CULTURE 16. SELECTIONS FROM ARCHIVAL AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS 17. INTERVIEW WITH MARIANNE MICROS 18. A TASTY FALL TREAT 18. KW OKTOBERFEST… 19. CAMPUS STREET STYLE 19. CFRU TOP 10

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EDITORIAL

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Feeling the Effects of the Student Choice Initiative B y Kev i n C o n n e r y

LORI GUEST has been working at the Guelph Resource Centre for Gender Empowerment and Diversity (GRCGED) since 2006. She works as the Volunteer and Resource Coordinator, and on Oct. 28., she spoke with The Ontarion and described how her office had been a year ago, before cuts, before changes to staffing, before the SCI. In January, Premier Doug Ford’s provincial government introduced the Student Choice Initiative (SCI). The SCI purported to give students a “choice” by allowing them to opt-out of certain previously mandatory ancillary fees — fees that were voted on by undergraduates in various referendums over the course of decades and that have, for years, been used to support campus groups, student resources, and other services who found themselves suddenly deemed “non-essential” by the provincial government and facing the possibility of cuts so deep they could be bled dry.

“Normally, I would have had two student workers, as well as well as my coworker,” Guest tells me. GRCGED, which began in 1982 as the Women’s Resource Centre, serves the students of Guelph by advocating for safety, wellbeing, diversity, inclusion, education, and provides a place for students to access resources, an extensive library, and get referrals, and had, until recently, two full-time staff and an additional two work-study positions. Now, because of uncertainty around their funding, GRCGED, like many campus groups including The Ontarion, has been forced to make significant cuts to staffing.

Without a full staff, the work of four people is now down to one.

“It’s not sustainable,” says Guest. When asked about how she is managing the increased workload, she said, “Sometimes it’s really really hard. And other times it’s not

so bad.” GRCGED, then the Women’s Resource Centre, has been in the University Centre since 1991, and it continues to serve students even despite the radical changes it has faced this semester. Yet, with funding uncertain, the future of the centre has been thrown into chaos.

On Oct. 16, The Ontarion joined 10 other student newspapers from across Ontario in releasing a joint statement in the Toronto Star about the importance of a wellsupported student press, one of the services the SCI deems non-essential.

It has been nearly five months since students at the University of Guelph made their decisions on which services they would opt-out of, and we now have a better sense of how the SCI has affected various groups on campus.

There are currently more than 60 groups on campus that are subject to the SCI, among them the Central Student Association (CSA), the Aboriginal Student Association (ASA), the campus radio station CFRU, the Affordable Housing Initiative, and the Menstrual Product Hygiene Initiative.

While some claim that the SCI affected them only slightly, others, like GRCGED, CFRU, and The Ontarion, have had to make significant adjustments in order to continue to operate under the new funding model.

In trying to get a fuller picture of the impact of the SCI, The Ontarion reached out to several officials from the university and the CSA. We’ve learned that at the University of Guelph 8,556 undergrads opted out of at least one ancillary fee, according to Lori Bona Hunt from the university’s Communications & Public Affairs office. That’s approximately 35 per cent of students, resulting in a loss of about $537,000. More than half a million dollars gone

from campus groups and services, many of which do not have alternate means of generating revenue or otherwise supplementing this loss, other than to lay off staff, stop providing some services, or potentially shut down.

The impact of this could be enormous. The future of the SCI remains to be seen, with some political leaders saying that they wish to undo what the Ford government has done, but in the meantime, groups that form part of the fundamental texture of our campus community are at risk.

The CSA, who distributes some of these optional fees, such as the Entertainment Media fee (a portion of which goes to supporting The Ontarion and CFRU), as well as fees for a number of clubs, declined to provide specific information on their student opt-out statistics. “We have some numbers but not all. But we won’t release them because it’s not our purview,” said Claudia Idzik, VP Student Experience. Idzik added that releasing numbers could impact the opt-in rates for clubs.

Per student, fees to keep campus groups running are often only a matter of dollars. The Ontarion, for example, is supported by fees from student levies equal to $5.12 per student per semester. In comparison, one copy of the Saturday edition of the Toronto Star is $3.50.

Students are now in their second opt-out period, running from Oct. 28 to Nov. 17, 2019. While individual students have the choice to opt-out of supporting student groups and services for the winter semester, many of these groups and services, such as the CSA, CFRU, GRCGED, and The Ontarion, are here to benefit all students — even those who do opt out. It is the hope of many of the groups affected by the SCI that students will take the initiative to support as widely as they can. n

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CONTRIBUTORS Aidan Hamboyan Ashley Shifflett McBrayne Bandhna Gill Carleigh Cathcart Christina Smylitopoulos Dominique Tassell Harmony Jade Ifrah Ikram Iyess Sassi

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The Ontarion is a non-profit organization governed by a Board of Directors. Since The Ontarion undertakes the publishing of student work, the opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of The Ontarion staff and Board of Directors. The Ontarion reserves the right to edit or refuse all material deemed sexist, racist, homophobic, or otherwise unfit for publication as determined by the Editorin-Chief. Material of any form appearing in this newspaper is copyrighted 2019 and cannot be reprinted without the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The Ontarion retains the right of first publication on all material. In the event that an advertiser is not satisfied with an advertisement in the newspaper, they must notify The Ontarion within four working days of publication. The Ontarion will not be held responsible for advertising mistakes beyond the cost of advertisement. The Ontarion is printed by Hamilton Web.

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B RI D GI NG THE G A P p. 6

NEWS

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W HA L E O F A S UC C E S S p . 7

PROF ESSOR WINS p. 6

SEATS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 2019

NDP - 24

Data from CBC News, Canada Votes 2019

Liberal - 157

Student Discount

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Conservative - 121

Bloc - 32

Independant - 1

CANADA VOTES 2019:

Vacant - 6

What Does A Minority Government Mean For Canada?

By Bandhna Gill & Ifrah Ikram

AFTER A LONG and perplexing election period, on Oct. 21, Justin Trudeau was re-elected as Prime Minister of Canada — only this time, with a minority government.

To form a majority government a party must secure a minimum of 170 seats in the Parliament.

Trudeau’s Liberals were only able to secure 157 seats this time around — 27 seats fewer than in 2015.

The Conservatives increased their seats by 23 under Andrew Scheer, bringing them up to 121.

For the first time since 2008, Bloc-Québécois (BQ) became the third party, with 32 seats.

Total seats held by the New Democratic Party (NDP) under Jagmeet Singh, decreased by 18 to 24 seats.

Elizabeth May’s Green Party now has a total of three seats in Parliament.

Maxime Bernier, leader of the People’s Party of Canada, failed to secure any.

With a Liberal minority government we may start to see a shift in Cabinet as the opposing parties now have more sway than they did in 2015. This may cause difficulties when trying to enact bills in Parliament or garner support from other party leaders. Although the Liberal party did not lose their government, they did lose a number of seats. The Con-

servatives had the most significant gains this election, and we will see the Bloc-Québécois holding a balance of power between them and the Liberals. This may allow Bloc to act as a sort of tie-breaker within Parliament, as they now have some influence in holding both leading parties accountable.

In the case where a party is unsuccessful at capturing a majority government, the party with a plurality of seats forms government.

In this situation, it is important to note that the government — in this case the Liberals — will have to rely on the smaller, centreto-left parties to stay in power.

Without his majority, Trudeau will have to work twice as hard

efit to get their voices heard and actions taken in Parliament.

Trudeau and Singh have plenty of overlapping policy issues, such as climate change and student loans, and they may be able to work cooperatively to make the achievement of these goals more possible. Though, Trudeau has addressed the speculation of a possible coalition with the NDP, which Singh had suggested prior to the election. Trudeau’s response was that he was not looking to form a formal or informal coalition with the NDP nor the other parties. The lack of majority held

by Trudeau’s Liberals could allow a better chance for the smaller parties to gain some momentum as we look forward to the next election.

Canada’s first-pastthe-post (FPTP) system has the tendency to undermine minor parties. FPTP makes fair representation difficult for minority parties, as the number of votes they receive does not reflect the seats gained in Parliament. May’s Green Party, for example received 6.5 per cent of the popular vote but gained only three seats.

The day following the election, Trudeau stated that he will swear in his new cabinet by Nov. 20 and will continue to include an equal number of men and women, as he did in 2015. n

...the opposing parties now have more sway than they

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Green - 3

did in 2015. to ensure that the policies, like the ones for the carbon tax or the TransMountain Pipeline decision, which he was campaigning on prior to re-election, will make it through Parliament.

The Conservatives remain the Official Opposition, but due to their gain in seats, their party is now recognized as the largest opposition in Canadian history.

May and Singh can use the minority government to their ben-

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O CTO B ER 31 S T , 2019

Recovery Speaking Bridging the Gap between Mental Health Support and Students

By Mehak Mohindru

RECOVERY SPEAKING is an organization created by Bob McCabe, which aims to help individuals living with depression, who have expereinced sexual abuse, or who are living with mental illness. It seeks to provide people with a space to talk to mental health professionals and to receive treatment and support. It is currently in the process of becoming officially recognized as a charity by the City of Guelph and is working to create affiliations with the University of Guelph.

Recovery Speaking works with The Wellness Collaborative — an organization in Guelph that provides counselling, yoga, psychology and other services geared towards improving overall health — who provide a team of counsellors who offer support and professional help on behalf of Recovery Speaking.

Many mental health support options are not covered

by OHIP, and for people who do not have health insurance, treatment can be an expense that some simply cannot afford.

Recovery Speaking looks to provide students on campus with at least ten sessions with professionals who are paid by the organization itself and who work to initiate the healing process.

These sessions are primarily intended towards individuals who have experienced some form of trauma and who are actively seeking recovery support.

McCabe wanted to use his personal experience with trauma to bridge the gap between young adults and traumatic experiences they might experience throughout their life.

In a brief interview, he told me that he hopes to create a relationship with Recovery Speaking and the students on campus, explaining that even something so simple as one person talking to another can be a huge step forward in recovery. His primary goal is to offer those in need tools that will improve their health and help them to avoid turning to habits or behaviours that might negatively impact their recovery. n

The Ontarion is hiring a News Editor Come Join our team!

THE ONTARION IS HIRING for the position of News Editor. The News Editor works with volunteers, the Assignment Editor, and other staff in producing news stories for The Ontarion’s website. The position is for fifteen hours per week until the end of the current production year in April 2020.

For all those interested, please send a cover letter, résumé, and three writing samples by to Aaron Jacklin at ajacklin@theontarion.com by 1 p.m. on Nov. 11, 2019.

For more information about the position visit www.theontarion.com/jobs.

Dr. Daniel Gillis, photo provided by Rob O’Flanagan

Computer Science Professor Wins OCUFA Teaching Award Dr. Gillis Provides Opportunities For Students To Take Learning Outside The Classroom B y I ye s s S a s s i

DR. DANIEL GILLIS has received the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations (OCUFA) teaching award for his excellence in teaching and dedication to improving post-secondary education.

For those who know Gillis, it’s clear to see that he goes above and beyond as a professor. While teaching, Gillis tries to stray from “the sage on the stage method” of reciting information to students.

Instead, he aims for a different dynamic, where students can interact and input more freely. He emphasizes student engagement and critical thinking over rote memorization. Gillis states that one of the most rewarding parts of his job is: “When I actually see a lightbulb go on. Seeing when a student now understands.”

Beyond the classroom, Gillis is involved with a number of extracurricular organizations including the Society of Computing and Information Science (SOCIS) and the Guelph coding community.

More than just the academic benefits these organizations provide, Gillis believes that his involvement helps, “building an earlier relationship [with the students]” and humanizes professors, showing them that “faculty are people too.” Gillis has provided opportunities for students to take their learning outside the classroom with the founding events like Guelph Hacks, an annual coding event that encourages stu-

dents to use technology to solve issues within our community.

Guelph Hacks is the perfect example of Gillis’s teaching philosophy. Gillis places high importance on giving his students the freedom to explore their own solutions, being able to step beyond the boundaries of their major, and “use their education to make whatever community they care about a better place,” says Gillis.

Gillis takes this teaching philosophy to its fullest extent with his joint project with Dr. Shoshanah Jacobs, the ICON classroom.

The ICON classroom is a transdisciplinary course involving students of all years collaborating on analyzing and solving real-world issues. Students are given the freedom to explore a problem and are exposed to perspectives from different majors in the process of trying to solve it. This simulates the kind of real-world conditions that students may face working on projects post-graduation. Gillis states that the effects of this course go beyond the semester seeing students “actually attempting to implement their solutions” as well as “at least one business being started as a result.”

Gillis also devotes many of his personal projects towards serving overlooked issues. Recently this has involved in a project called “bridging the Canadian divide” which focuses on increasing internet accessibility in northern Indigenous communities. Ad-

dressing the issue of food insecurity, especially among Guelph students, is also a major passion project for Gillis. As well as engaging in his own social activism, he has advocated for his students to engage as well.

Gillis makes inclusivity and accessibility a priority, and emphasizes how something needs to be done about the lack of education funding and the prohibitive cost of experiential learning opportunities. These systemic factors affect students and need to be addressed to create an equal quality of education for all students. He states that it is “soul-crushing” when students are missing experiential learning opportunities like co-op “because they can’t afford to buy [the] dress clothes” needed for a job. With his profound understanding of the issues Guelph students face, it’s clear to see why Gillis was won this award.

Gillis to some extent credits the way he teaches to being taught by so many excellent faculty throughout his career as a student. With regard to receiving this award, he says, “[it] makes me feel like I’m doing something right, [this is] very much an honour,” and that winning makes him feel as though he is taking a step in the right direction towards becoming like the professors who shaped his student experience. Gillis’s final comment is to encourage students to “step beyond their discipline.” n

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D IA RY O F A V E T S TU D E NT

OVC Animal Welfare Forum a Whale of a Success 20th Annual Event Saw Over 120 Registrants B y C a r l e i g h C a t h c a r t | I l l u s t r a t i o n by J u s t i n L a G u f f

ON OCT. 19, over 100 students, faculty, and members of the public gathered at the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) to attend the annual Animal Welfare Forum.

Hosted by the OVC Animal Welfare Club, this year’s event marked two decades for the yearly discussion on prominent animal welfare issues spanning a range of species, disciplines, and challenges.

The event brought in three keynote speakers from across North America to discuss concerns around puppy mills, captive cetaceans, and the current legal void surrounding the enforcement of animal protection, both provincially and federally. The guest lecturers are all experts in their respective fields, and attendees were encouraged to think critically about the complexities of the problems discussed.

DR. CANDACE CRONEY: PUPPY MILLS ­­ The first talk of the day was presented by Purdue University’s Dr. Candace Croney, director of the university’s Center for Animal Welfare. Croney’s discussion — titled Can the Problem of Puppy Mills be Better Addressed by Establishing High Welfare Standards for Dogs in Commercial Breeding Kennels? — was a summary of ideas and evidence garnered over her time as an animal sciences PhD student and professor, as well as her appointments with various animal-focused university and regulatory working groups.

While animal advocates often

promote the “adopt don’t shop” ideology, Croney pointed out that many potential owners simply do not pursue that path of pet ownership. She highlighted the distinction between commercial dog breeders, which are regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture, and puppy mills, which are unregulated, illegal operations. There is a likelihood for better canine welfare when dogs are bred and obtained from reputable, licensed, and inspected breeders. When blanket bans are implemented, or when the demands of the market are not being met, purchasers often turn to the “black market” to find a dog.

Croney emphasized the importance of reserving one’s judgment for breeders until there has been an adequate opportunity and willingness for their education and compliance with animal welfare recommendations. Having personally witnessed unsubstantiated judgment inflicted on breeders who were truly “trying to do the right thing,” she urges animal lovers to consider all angles of the issue before adopting a black and white view.

Wrapping up her thought-provoking lecture, Croney admitted that the current state of regulations to protect bred dogs is just a “wild west,” made worse by the “shocking deficit in current literature regarding basic husbandry for breeders.” Ultimately, if we are to tackle issues around canine welfare, both breeder and owner education are important to effect long term change.

LORI MARINO: CAPTIVE CETACEANS The morning set concluded with Dr. Lori Marino, a neuroscientist who has studied the brain and intelligence of cetaceans, farm animals, and primates. As founder and President of The Whale Sanctuary Project, Marino’s talk, Large Brains in Small Tanks: The Welfare of Captive Cetaceans, provided insight on cetacean intelligence, the problem with their captivity, and ongoing initiatives to improve welfare for the 63 captive cetaceans currently in Canada.

Cetaceans, which include dolphins, whales, and porpoises, are incredibly intelligent animals both subjectively and objectively, Marino explained. For example, she showed a slide comparing beluga and orca whale brains to human brains, emphasizing the unique paralimbic lobe of the former. Essentially, the tissue of cetaceans in that area of the brain is so elaborate and with such dense connections that it differentiated into its own lobe. These animals have proven an ability to understand relationships between symbols and objects, perform vocal imitations, and more.

Objective data is important for animal welfare concerns to be taken seriously by the scientific community. As Marino says, “It doesn’t matter what I think, it matters what the data says.”

Unfortunately, there are catastrophic impacts to cetaceans forced to live in tanks. Opportunistic infections, gastric ulcers,

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and more present themselves at high rates despite having a guaranteed food source, no predators, and round-the-clock veterinary care. Marino explained these findings are often due to the poor immune system formed while living in tanks and a lack of mental and emotional wellness.

Marino proposed to the audience that, given the recent ban on any new cetaceans brought into captivity in Canada, a temporary solution to the “grandfathering in” of existing animals would be sanctuaries. The Whale Sanctuary Project intends to be an authentic sanctuary — not just a place to live, she insists, but a place to thrive. Animals brought into the project will receive a lifetime of care and wellness, with no breeding, unnecessary procedures, or performances. These sanctuaries will be built in communities where they are truly wanted and will focus on autonomy, true education, conservation, and total transparency about who the animals are.

“Is it ideal?” asks Marino. “No? Is it orders of magnitude better than a concrete tank? You bet.”

DR. KENDRA COULTER: THE FUTURE OF ANIMAL CRUELTY INVESTIGATIONS The afternoon featured a presentation and audience discussion with Dr. Kendra Coulter, Chancellor’s Chair for Research Excellence at Brock University’s Department of Labour Studies.

Highlighting the present chaotic state of animal cruelty investi-

gations and enforcement in our province, Coulter did not shy away from the fact that the 444 municipalities of Ontario create a “logistical nightmare” for those trying to create a seamless framework.

Recent rulings have upended the authority of the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (OSPCA), the former agency responsible for the protection of domestic and farm animals.

Ontario is currently working to develop legal procedures and an enforcement agency to replace the OSPCA Act, a law that involved many municipalities contracting out their animal enforcement.

Coulter, who is currently leading a multi-year research project on animal cruelty investigation policy, views this as an opportunity to repurpose our approach to animal welfare enforcement.

Arguing for a public animal control unit, Coulter explained the benefit of inspection, accreditation, and having experts distributed throughout the province.

The public often gets it wrong, she said, noting that animal cruelty is a spectrum, and people who don’t know what goes on behind closed doors can either under- or overestimate the severity of a situation.

What is important, concluded Coulter, is that a workable framework of knowledgeable, cohesive resources can be implemented province-wide to ensure that every animal is receiving the kindness and care it deserves. n

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SPORTS

FALL ATHLETICS AT A GLANCE P h oto s by Ta s h a Fa l co n e r

Benjamin Broadway

Samantha McGuinness

Tosh Aggarwal

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INTO THE L IG HT p . 15

One Thing You Didn’t Know About the Indian Act: “Equality” The PPC’s Coded Language B y M a t t h ew M i d o l o

WHILE MAXIME BERNIER and the People’s Party of Canada (PPC) failed to secure a single seat in the recent federal election, attention should be given to the language they used throughout their campaign. The PPC’s writing on “Aboriginal Issues,” demonstrated their vague usage of the term “equality” and suggested that the party was unaware or ignorant of how that word was used to compromise Indigenous treaty rights in the not-so-distant past.

In 1969, Pierre Trudeau’s Liberal government debuted the Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy. The White Paper, as it came to be known, was littered with feel-good words like “equality,” “multiculturalism,” and “just.” These words, however, were coded attempts to cut federal obligations (and, likely, expenditures). This feelgood rhetoric aimed to assimilate Indigenous people into “Canadian society” and release the federal government of its legal obligations; if Canada had no “status Indians,” then Canada would have no need for the Department of Indian Affairs (and thus no need to fund it). The major similarity between the White Paper and the PPC’s platform was the use of the word “equality” as a hint at the elimination of the Indian Act. The 1969 White Paper required that legal and legislative bases of discrimination be removed from Canada’s legal framework and specifically advocated for the repeal of the Indian Act. This was inherently problematic, as it called for the dissolution of the Department of Indian Affairs without any plan for the continued recognition of treaty rights or an acknowledgment of Indigenous sovereignty.

Although the Indian Act is an example of colonial racism, it lays out a specific set of rules and obligations that help to govern and facilitate an Indigenous-Crown relationship.

The Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs vehemently opposed the White Paper and compared the termination of unique Indigenous identities to the termination of Canadian citizenship itself. Without the Indian Act, Indigenous peoples

feared that they would no longer have legal rights to treaty lands and their relationship with the federal government would be terminated altogether.

Fast forward to 2019. In their platform, the PPC announced that they would: [E]xplore options to replace the paternalistic Indian Act, which kept indigenous peoples in a state of dependency and allows the federal government to control most aspects of their lives, with a new legal framework that guarantees equal rights and responsibilities to Aboriginal peoples as Canadians, and promotes the selfreliance of communities.

The use of vague terms like “explore options” and “most aspects” gave far too much wiggle room for negative policy change, and their use of “Aboriginal” in federal party’s policy platform demonstrated — at best — a lack of knowledge on Indigenous issues as the term “Indigenous” is used as the most appropriate term. The PPC’s use of “self-reliance” sneakily demonstrated their desire to rid themselves of all responsibility to First Nations. Further, the PPC claimed that it would maintain and respect the constitution and treaties with Indigenous nations; however, without the Indian Act, it is unclear how (and under which law) Canada would manage its treaty responsibilities.

The poorly chosen language continued throughout the PPC’s platform. We found, for example, reference to some Indigenous communities living “in conditions that resemble those of third world countries.” All the while, the PPC announced their want to “ensure that programs are better targeted to benefit the indigenous population,” (a vague way of alluding to funding cuts), which could be achievable by giving money to “communities that have the greatest needs,” (a highly problematic approach that devalues some struggles by the unnecessary comparison to others).

If the PPC or its leader, Maxime Bernier, knew about the history of Indigenous politics and resistance, they

would have known about the intense backlash that took place following the announcement of the 1969 White Paper — backlash that led to its withdrawal from parliament — and about the danger of abolishing the Indian Act without consultation or a plan to uphold Canada’s treaty responsibilities and to recognize Indigenous sovereignty.

While the PPC was completely unsuccessful in their run in the federal election, their use of feel-good language demonstrated either their ignorance of the history of Indigenous resistance and activism, or their attempts to repeat Pierre Trudeau’s 1969 White Paper in order to suppress Indigenous sovereignty and rid the federal government of their treaty responsibilities. There will be future elections, and there will be other parties that attempt to conceal their true policy goals with coded language. The PPC is evidence of that. Going forward, we must apply a more critical eye to all party policy platforms and put pressure on parties to create policies that work with Indigenous nations rather than over them. n

The PPC’s writing on “Aboriginal Issues,” demonstrated their vague usage of the term “equality”

Editor’s Note: Following the publication of Treaty No. 3 (1792) in March of 2019, The Ontarion has again partnered with Dr. Brittany Luby for an experiential learning collaboration between The Ontarion and students from Dr. Luby’s class.

An earlier version of this article appeared on theontarion.com on Oct. 18, 2019.

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Talk Nerdy to Me Can I be Sex Positive if I’ve Never Had Sex?

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B y Ta s h a Fa l c o n e r

IN SHORT, YES. Sex-positivity is an attitude, so it does not matter what sexual activity you have or have not engaged in. The Oxford dictionary defines sex positivity as “having or promoting an open, tolerant, or progressive attitude toward sex and sexuality.” This is a very broad definition, but there is not a single clear definition of sex-positivity. Chantelle Ivanski and Taylor Kohut, researchers out of Western University, asked specialists in the field of sexuality how they defined sex-positivity and found that sex positivity is an “ideology that promotes, with respect to gender and sexuality, being open-minded, nonjudgemental and respectful of personal autonomy, given that there is consent.” This includes respecting every individual’s choice to engage or not engage in sexual activity. Justin Lehmiller, who is a research fellow at the Kinsey Institute emphasises that sexpositivity includes “understanding that not everyone is a sexual being and that a lack of sexual desire is not inherently dysfunctional.”

Participants in Ivanski and Kohut’s study noted that “sex-positivity leads to healthier relationships with oneself as well as others, better mental health and lower suicide rates.” It also helps people tell the difference between healthy sexuality and abuse.

Unfortunately, our society is not sex positive.

The opposite of sex-positive is sex-negativity, which promotes “feelings of shame or guilt” around sex or sexuality, and reinforces the ideals of sex for procreation only. This means that sex outside of a committed monogamous relationship is seen as bad. Ivanski and Kohut note that some people see sexual attitudes as a spectrum, instead of having to be either sex-positive or sex-negative.

People should not be judged on the number of sexual partners they have or the type of sex (as long as it is consensual) they have. So, whether you have never engaged in sexual activity or have had numerous partners, you can be sex positive. n

Got something steamy you want to know?

Go to theontarion.com/submit to ask

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L O O K I N G F O R W A R D

By The Ontarion | Graphic By Larissa A- O

Not sure what to do with your life?

The choice is in your hands!

GRADUATING SOON AND HAVE NO IDEA WHAT TO DO WITH YOURSELF? In first year and still not entitely sure why you’ve signed up for this degree? Halfway through and seriously questioning your commitment? Never fear!

Making big choices may be harder than ever in the 21st century, but The Ontarion has you covered. Simply cut out and fold our complimentary fortune tellers — you can use the one with our suggestions, or write your own if you have several different futures that you’re contemplating! Pick a colour and a number, and let chance determine you and your friend’s next move — no nail biting required. Who knows, you may get some much-needed inspiration, a potential path you hadn't thought of, or a gut reaction that will teach you something about yourself and what you truly want to do.

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Travel If you can’t afford overseas backpacking or a road trip, consider looking for work or volunteering in a new place. (Just volunteer responsibly.

No “building schools in poor countries for my Instagram” nonsense.)

Recover You’ve spent at least 4 years living a highly stressful and unhealthy life. Work, eat, sleep, see friends, do hobbies, get involved in your community, build up some savings/work on your debt and live simply for a while.

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Make your own job!

Harness your skills and start providing a service to your community. Or team up with friends to get a business started. Taxes will be a nightmare and benefits hard to come by, but you’ll be your own boss.

Take Apply on a To Grad Project School Remember Get that that novel master’s you started? The degree. Keep unfinished solar pursuing your car in your garage? field of study and The feminist coding become a specialist, then language you dream of contribute some articles writing? Now you to the bulk of the have time to work world’s knowledge. on bringing that Teach people and specific dream pass on your of yours to perspectives. life. Give a TED Talk.

Buck The System Learn to farm and become selfsufficient (engaging with decolonization, of course). Reconnect with your old, ancestral ways. Who needs capitalism? The whole system’s going to collapse soon anyways.

Get on it.

Start your Career You’re going to have to work after graduating, so why not make it your focus? Look for entrylevel jobs or internships that fit your skills, and start building experience. (But don’t expect big-money right away.)

Learn A Skill Trades are in high demand.

Secure yourself steady work, and use the knowledge from your degree to engage with the societal dynamics of fixing cars while you do something practical.

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Disclaimer: You understand your own life best.

This advice is in the spirit of good fun only. Make informed choices.

1.WRITE A DAMN GOOD PERSONAL STATEMENT YOUR PERSONAL STATEMENT SHOULD COMMUNICATE THREE THINGS: Who you are, What you’ve done, and Why your application should be considered and accepted. Reading some examples, (there are a million online), is a great place to start, but if you borrow anything or even paraphrase, readers will know. When you have to read through a huge stack of personal statements you get good at spotting who actually put in the work and who just modified a template they found on the internet. Think of your personal statement as a story — a short story but a story all the same. Schools are looking for more than just grades, so let your youness come through… to a point. Some advice we received from Jill Ferguson, Manager of Career Development at the University of Guelph, is “Share, Don’t Scare.” Be personal, but don’t write about personal issues that it would make the reader uncomfortable. And if your grades — especially your grades in first year — aren’t great, talk about that. Talk about your strengths and your weaknesses and explain what happened, how you’ve grown, and why any potential issues in your transcript or application aren’t actually issues at all.

2. ACTUALLY BE INTERESTED THIS SHOULD GO WITHOUT SAYING, BUT IF YOU’RE NOT ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT YOUR FIELD OF STUDY, DON’T STUDY IT. There are aspects of any program that are a bit meh — it’s the same for jobs — but if you are feeling just lukewarm about a grad program even while you’re applying, you have to ask yourself whether it’s really where you want to spend the next several years of your life. Applicants who really engage with their subject, who’ve gone out of their way to do the research on their program (who teaches there, what the courses are like, etc.), demonstrate a passion and excitement that makes their applications stand out. Put in some leg work, reach out to the school, to the facility, to current students, to student groups; talk to people, ask questions, get a sense for the vibe of the program, and do what you can to show that you really are interested. Think of it like dating: don’t be creepy, ask them about themselves, and show a genuine interest.

3. CHOOSE REFEREES WHO KNOW YOU FOR MOST APPLICATIONS, YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE A COUPLE OF LETTERS OF REFERENCE from professors you’ve worked with. If a professor doesn’t know you — actually know you and your work — don’t ask them for a reference. The point of a reference is to provide information about you and your academic achievements, and if you ask someone who can’t speak to the particulars of you, then you’re wasting everyone’s time. A good approach is to ask a professor you know if they are able to write you a positive reference. Framing it like that makes your expectations clear and gives them an opportunity to honestly say yes or no. And if they do say no, then they say no. Respect their decision. Don’t bother them about it. They don’t need to give you a reason. Go ask someone else. Also, and this cannot be stressed enough, do not put off finding your referees and confirming that they can do it. Ask them early, super early, as early as you can. Don’t put it off.

4. HAVE A PLAN FOR THE MONEY STUFF DOES THE GRAD PROGRAM COME WITH A TA OR RESEARCH POSITION? Is your program full or partially funded? Grad school can be expensive. While costs are different for every program and from school to school, it is essential that you do your research. Are scholarships available? Will you need to apply for external funding? When are those applications due? Scholarship and external funding applications don’t necessarily line up with applications for grad school, so again, do your homework. Look into which programs offer TAships. Look into the cost of living for the city where the school is. If the program you apply to does come with some funding, think of it a bit like your salary, as something you can negotiate (at least a little). If you get accepted to multiple grad programs, make that known.

There is nothing wrong with telling School X that School Y is giving you a funding package and seeing if they can match it. Maybe they can’t, but at least you asked.

5. DON’T DO IT IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO DO GRAD SCHOOL, THEN DO NOT GO TO GRAD SCHOOL. Grad school is fun, for many, it’s more fun than undergrad because it’s more focused and the work is actually kinda cool, but grad school is by no means required for many careers. Consider where you want to end up, career wise, and let that guide your decision-making process. While grad school certainly brings a lot of opportunities, it can also be a huge expense, and if you don’t need to go, or you don’t want to go, then don’t go. There are plenty of other options, college programs and certificate programs, and there’s also, you know, work. People think that a graduate degree will make finding a job easier, but this isn’t always true. There are resources that are there to help you get yourself pointed in the right direction — career counselors, on-campus student Career Services — use them. And remember, there’s no rush. If you have no idea what you want to do, that’s fine. If you want to go work for a bit and leave academia behind, go for it. Grad school isn’t the only option and it’s also not going anywhere. A decade from now you’ll still be able to get your MBA. There’s nothing wrong with living a bit of life first.

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I S SU E 187.3

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

Into The Light Exhibit at the Guelph Civic Museum shows the institutional history of eugenics in Southern Ontario B y Ta s h a Fa l c o n e r

INTO THE LIGHT is an exhibit at the Guelph Civic Museum cocurated by Mona Stonefish, Peter Park, Dolleen Tisawii’ashii Manning, Evadne Kelly, Seika Boye and Sky Stonefish that shows and discusses the role Southern Ontario played in the eugenics movement, a part of history we need to continue to remember, lest we see history repeat.

It was stated in the Into the Light exhibit that the link between home economics, eugenics, and agriculture was their shared interest in selective breeding. Raymond Pearl, the author of Breeding Better Men stated that, “if this be a good way in which to improve animals and plants in general, is it not worth considering in connection with the problem of the betterment of the human race?”

The Into the Light exhibit emphasized the many ways eugenics was infiltrated into society. The eugenics movement included “positive” and “negative” eugenics. Negative eugenics is when reproduction is discouraged for those considered “unfit.” Who was considered “unfit” included people with disabilities, mental illness, addictions,

people in poverty, and criminals.

Positive eugenics is when reproduction is encouraged for those considered “fit.” While eugenics controlled all women’s bodies and limited all women’s agency, the intersections of race, class, and ability are important to consider as the way in which women were controlled differed based on these intersections. Women who were of lower socioeconomic status (SES), women of colour, and those who had disabilities were coerced or involuntarily subjected to sterilization.

Eugenics was also pursued through marriage and immigration restrictions, segregation, and institutionalization. Those in institutions, such as the Training School for Girls in Galt and the Oxford Regional Centre in Woodstock, were dehumanized, refused rights, subjected to experiments, and forced into manual labour.

One way to engage in negative eugenics was to perform sterilizations. Three reasons given by the Ontario Department of Health in 1938 for sterilizations included to “benefit the health of the person sterilized,” to prevent defective

offspring, and for economic reasons. While people could be sterilized for their health, women were unable to get an abortion to benefit their health in Canada until 1969.

Unlike British Columbia and Alberta, Ontario never had an official sterilization act. According to Tabitha Marshall, an editor for the Canadian encyclopedia, and Gerald Robertson, a researcher out of Queen’s University, in the 1930s, Ontario (and many other provinces) considered implementing sterilization acts but there was resistance, particularly from Catholics. Despite not having an official act, the province did sanction and pay for sterilizations.

Men were also sterilized. Jana Grekul from the University of Alberta found that 46 per cent of the cases presented to the Alberta Eugenics Board were men, and 53 per cent of them were sterilized.

While more women than men were sterilized, 42 per cent of those legally sterilized in Alberta were men.

Exact numbers in Ontario are hard to determine. Sheila Gibbons, who studied at York Uni-

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versity, noted that Alvin Ratz Kaufman, a key figure in the eugenics movement, claimed that his rubber plant was used for 1,000 male sterilizations. Kaufman was a wealthy industrialist from Kitchener and a member of the Eugenics Society of Canada who actively fought for the legalization of eugenic sterilization and the sale of contraceptives. In the 1930s Kaufman created the Parents’ Information Bureau, which distributed birth control information — even when it was illegal.

Kaufman also arranged for people to get sterilized.

Limiting family size for the “unfit” was also done through other methods of birth control.

In order to advance contraceptive use, women of colour, low-income women, and psychiatric patients were tested on. The pill and other birth control methods were not meant to encourage sexual freedom, but instead, to help aid in family planning for white, middle and upper class, married, women.

The advancement of contraceptives was achieved for some women at the expense of other women.

An important element of eugenics was education. Courses at the Macdonald Institute and Ontario Agriculture College included eugenics in their genetics courses as eugenics was embedded in the education system of the time; however, the understanding of heredity was, at the time, faulty. Common diseases, such as tuberculosis and various vitamin deficiencies, that were thought to be hereditary,

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are, in fact, not.

In 1986, the Supreme Court of Canada recognized that sterilization requires consent. Despite this, Karen Stote, a researcher at Wilfrid Laurier University, states that non-consensual sterilization is still happening in Canada. Approximately 100 Indigenous women have come forward in recent years after having experienced coerced sterilization. Stote stated that these current sterilizations are based on eugenic ideas and directly link back to the eugenics movement, during which hundreds of Indigenous women were sterilized and there was a strong link between eugenics, colonialism, and assimilation.

While, unfortunately, the practices of forced sterilization and the push for limiting family size from certain people still exists, the eugenics of tomorrow may look a little different. The creation of genetically altered “designer babies” may be the new eugenics.

Genetic screening can be used to determine genetic information, including some disabilities. Phillip Ball of The Guardian notes that this information can be used to terminate a pregnancy or in choosing which embryos to use during in vitro fertilization. Additionally, the CBC reports that gene-editing technology exists but is illegal to use in Canada. n Into the Light: Eugenics and Education in Southern Ontario runs at the Guelph Civic Museum from Sept. 14, 2019 to March 1, 2020

Boiled Water, Busted Pipelines What a Minority Liberal Government Could Mean for Indigenous Communities B y R o b e r t F l ewe l l i n g

ACCORDING TO THE Government of Canada’s tracking system, there are currently 57 First Nations communities across Canada still living under a boil water advisory (BWA), which means the water is generally not useable for cooking, drinking, or cleaning unless boiled before use.

According to a CBC report, between 2004 and 2015, 400 of 618 First Nations have been under a boil water advisory at least once, with 87 BWAs having been lifted since 2015.

As part of their 2015 platform, the Liberal party promised to lift all boil water advisories by 2021. Trudeau promised that they would aid in bringing clean drinking water to Indigenous communities and help facilitate water systems management. Still, their promise meant they were willing to take six long years to resolve an issue surrounding drinking water — something the United Nations refers to as a basic, fundamental human right — while their pipeline policy was fast-tracked in an effort to generate higher profits. In 2015, the Neskantaga Nation of North Western Ontario appealed to the government to have their water crisis addressed, asking the next Prime Minister for aid, as they had been living under a BWA for 20 years. That same day, Justin Trudeau vowed to have all BWAs lifted by 2021. As of yet, the Neskantaga Nation is still living under a boil water advisory. The CBC reported that, when asked about this while visiting Thunder Bay during the recent 2019 election, Prime Minister Trudeau merely stood by his

initial promises: all advisories would be lifted by 2021.

JUMPING TO THE PRESENT, the Liberals have once again promised hope, but this time they have the NDP, Bloc, and Green parties to keep them in check.

Due to their new status as a minority government, the Liberals will now require votes from other parties to support governmental actions. This becomes crucial when parties such as the Greens or NDP could now ask for further assurances on Canadian water quality, recognition of Indigenous rights and freedoms, and a greater effort to combat the current climate crisis, in exchange for their votes. Access to water, action on the climate crisis, and upholding the inherent rights of Indigenous nations are intersectional. They are intertwined and related, for justice for Indigenous peoples also means justice for their traditional lands and the environment. It isn’t the Liberal prerogative to decide when and where these rights — the right to drinking water — get respected. It is the responsibility of the government, regardless of party, to respect the mandate of its citizens and the United Nations, and begin the process of decolonization, for colonialism, formal or informal, is inherently racist and is the antithesis to peace.

An example of the idea of intersectionality was demonstrated by Jagmeet Singh, leader of the New Democratic Party. In a powerful interview in Oct., Mr. Singh outlined

the hypocrisy of the government’s actions towards clean drinking water, asking if a water crisis in Vancouver or Toronto would be treated the same as a water crisis elsewhere. Considering their stated policies, and the actions and statements from their leader, the NDP has elevated itself as a party that seeks to defend Indigenous rights, particularly with the election of additional Indigenous MPs to Ottawa, including Leah Gazan and Mumilaaq Qaqqaq, who represent Winnipeg Centre and Nunavut, respectively.

It remains to be seen, but I am hopeful that they may actually be able to make waves in parliament. Bandying words during an election is easy; standing up for one’s beliefs on a soapbox is another. I hope that Ms. May and Mr. Singh continue to advocate for justice in parliament and hold Canada and the Liberal government accountable.

For Canada to continue ignoring its own violations of human rights would unfortunately fit with the status quo, as it has yet to meet United Nations standards or adopt the UNDRIP into constitutional law. If the more left-leaning parties are able to hold the government accountable, perhaps Indigenous communities, the environment, and basic human decency, can finally receive the attention they need.

Ultimately, this is only possible if citizens put pressure on their MP’s to continue to maintain these promises, and to create action on them in parliament. n

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S e l e c t i o n s fr o m A r c h i va l a n d S p e c i a l C o l l e c t i o n s:

Searches for the Picturesque C h r i s t i n a S my l i t o p o u l o s | A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r, A r t H i s t o r y A s h l ey S h i f f l e t t M c B r ay n e | L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t e

CURIOUS, ILLUSTRATED BOOKS that are tied to the development of British graphic satire in the early nineteenth century have over the years made their way to the University of Guelph where they are now housed in Archival and Special Collections, predominantly as part of holdings on Scottish tourism. One example is a blockbuster series of 31 aquatints and whimsical poetry, collectively known as The Tour of Doctor Syntax in Search of the Picturesque.

The Tour of Doctor Syntax was commissioned by the fashionable book and print seller Rudolf Ackermann (1764–1834) for his Repository of Arts, which was located in the trendy London district of the Strand, and quickly became a source for fine colour-plate books. The aquatints — painting-like prints produced from a copper plate etched with acid — were designed by “the ingenious Caricaturist” (and occasional pornographer) Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827), who was the creative force behind the Syntax project and was celebrated in the period for humorous (often ribald) social commentary, delivered with style and a degree of enthusiasm reflecting both the energy and the critical spirit of edgy London urbanites. Despite his fame, critics were frustrated that Rowlandson seemed content to fritter away his Royal Academy-trained talent on the products of popular print, a response to his oeuvre that has persisted despite a more sophisticated understanding of the aesthetic opportunities graphic satire afforded to artists and its significance to the development and legacies of other respected artistic genres from the Georgian era.

First published in monthly episodes under the title The Schoolmaster’s Tour (1809 to 1811), this gentle satire on the Rev. William Gilpin (1724–1804) — an amateur artist and early theorist of the picturesque — pokes fun at travelers seeking an aesthetic experience in the British Isles.

In the Scottish context, travel through Scotland became increasingly popular when the Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant published A Tour In Scotland in 1769 (1771) and A Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides 1772 (1774). Pennant’s commentary on the wild terrain of Scotland, the picturesque scenery, social customs, and antiquities, inspired others such as James Boswell (1740–1795) who invited the English writers Samuel Johnston (1709–1784) to tour Scotland with him, each publishing their own accounts The picturesque privileged the formal qualities of irregularity and ruggedness over sinuous lines and symmetry and informed artistic practice, landscape design, and travel trends in the period, helping to establish homegrown views and vistas as worthy of study and contemplation.

Rowlandson’s images of the roving and sketching parson were sent out to the writer-for-hire William Combe (1742– 1823), who never signed his work but nevertheless provided amusing poetry to accompany Rowlandson’s compositions.

The result was wildly successful, and soon Doctor Syntax merchandise, including walking sticks, dinner plates, snuff boxes, and chamber pots — yes, chamber pots — became available to consumers of the London market.

Ackermann released the series in book format, which

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went into several editions and even inspired a collection of imitations from the publishing firms of opportunistic print and booksellers like M. Iley, J. Johnson, and W. Wright, who all attempted to profit from Syntax-like tours.

While J. Johnson published The Tour of Doctor Syntax Through London, or the Pleasures and Miseries of the Metropolis, A Poem (1820), the London bookseller, M. Iley, published The Tour of Doctor Prosody in Search of the Antique and the Picturesque through Scotland, the Hebrides, the Orkney and Shetland Isles (1821).

Though some have attributed this work to William Combe as well, it most likely is not. Written in rhyming couplets, Doctor Prosody imitates the style of Combe’s popular Doctor Syntax series. The aquatints were created by caricaturists Charles Williams (died 1830) and W. Read in the style of Rowlandson. The frontispiece is by another renowned

caricaturist, George Cruickshank (1792–1878), who was known for visually satirizing politicians and royals, who would go on to illustrate Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist (1838).

“Doctor Syntax” was even used by publisher Thomas Tegg (1776–1845) as a pseudonym for a new publication entitled The Life of Napoleon, a Hudibrastic poem in fifteen cantos, by Doctor Syntax with Thirty Engravings by George Cruickshank (1815). Tegg hired Rowlandson to provide a satirical progress of the title character on an Indian adventure in The Grand Master, or Adventures of Qui Hi? in Hindostan, A Hudibrastic Poem in Eight Cantos (1816).

In the hope of courting more success, Ackermann released subsequently two more episodes featuring Doctor Syntax: The Second Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of Consolation (1820) and The Third Tour of Doctor Syntax, in Search of a Wife (1821), but after the publisher’s death, a competitor picked it up.

Ironically, Tegg re-released The Tour of Doctor Syntax in 1844 with eighty illustrations by the English comic artist Alfred Henry Forrester (1804–1872) working under the pseudonym Alfred Crowquill. Tegg writes, “With the setting sun of Rowlandson, the taste for his broad, luxuriant, but too exaggerated vein of caricature has also gone down; and in this respect, the public may be said to have stepped over the old style; whilst the facilities afforded by the art of engraving on wood, and its rapid improvement within the last few years, have opened to the artist a new field, and to the world a new pleasure.” One wonders if perhaps the innovation he boasts of was, in fact, a way to reconcile what could have been a failed attempt to lay his hands on Rowlandson’s original copper plates from Ackermann’s estate! n

The Ontarion has invited writers from the Library, Archival & Special Collections to share stories about the unique pieces housed in the collection. Join us as we explore these fascinating, beautiful, scandalous, and weird bits of history. The items written about in these articles will be on display the week following publication in the exhibit case in the A&SC Reading Room on the 2nd floor of McLaughlin Library.

Images courtesy of A&SC

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Eye and the Celebration of Myth, Family and Women An Interview with Marianne Micros B y M a u r i z i o Ve r d u c c i | I l l u s t r a t i o n by S h e h r y a r S a h a r a n (@ s h e h r y a r. a r t )

MARIANNE MICROS did not expect to be nominated for the Governor General’s Literary Award with her book Eye (Guernica Editions, 2018), a collection of short stories that explores mythology, fairy tales, and magic.

It is the first time she has been nominated for this award and I could hear the excitement in her voice as we chatted over the phone earlier this month.

Her book takes us to Greece, to a time when traditional beliefs and superstitions shaped the life of the community. The common thread that binds together the collection is the evil eye — a curse cast by a malicious glare — and the characters in Eye experience visions, transformations, and enchantments that change the course of their lives.

Marianne, who retired some four years ago as an English professor at the University of Guelph, channels her fascination with myth, popular belief, and oral tradition in this highly fantastical book. You can feel the influence of the summers she spent between the isle of Lesbos and small villages in the Peloponnese region, in the way her characters move

through the alleys and agoras of ancient uphill hamlets that face the Aegean Sea. “People in Greece still believe in the evil eye nowadays,” said Marianne, “and they wear amulets — like the one on the cover of the book — for protection. One time, when I was in Greece, I remember I had a bad cough and cold. The ladies of the village gathered around me and did this ritual to see if the evil eye was on me. And after that, I felt better!”

Superstition runs deep in Marianne’s family. Her Yiayia and her mother believed in the evil eye, and that belief has been handed down from generation to generation since before her grandfather left Greece to move to America.

“In Greek families, when babies are born, they always have the amulet pinned to their cradle,” Marianne told me. “I did that myself, with my first daughter. The people who came to see her would spit three times to repel the evil eye. I mean, nobody would allow that around their children, but that is the ritual. It’s a way to wish them well.”

Her stories recall life in a different time; a time when people

would gather at night and sing and dance in the light of oil lamps and when streets were still made of cobblestone and dirt. Marianne remembers the first time she visited her extended family in Greece.

There was no electricity and life was hard, but she remembers the feelings of hospitality and friendliness. It was an experience that changed her and made her appreciate her Greek roots.

The focus of Eye lies in female healers: women who have the power to repel the evil eye.

It comes as no surprise that the book is dedicated to her mother, a strong woman whom Marianne describes as having had a natural ability to protect from hexes and curses. Marianne recalls how her mother would tell her to be careful of the devil and to make the sign of the cross on her pillow before going to bed. “I wanted my book to be a celebration of these women,” she said. “To show that they had a huge power and then that power was taken away from them, as time went on and modernity approached the villages.”

The icon of these women is the Virgin Mary, who appears several times throughout this collection.

The female healers talk to her, whisper their worries, and share their secrets and prayers. Some blame her for their misfortunes; others need her as someone they can rely on; she is not just an image on the wall, she is a character that plays a major role in the stories from Eye. “The Virgin is a very important figure for these women,” said Marianne. “I think she’s got certain characteristics that can be found in some of the goddesses from earlier beliefs and cultures — as a matter of fact, the Orthodox church still maintains the use of plants and water as in ancient rituals. She is the symbol of this clash between the tradition of the healer and the Church.”

Marianne explains that Eye is also a tribute to the motherdaughter relationship, especially her own. A mother of two daughters and a loving grandmother, she writes to capture the unyielding and defiant attitude of the women of her life. It is these women who

are the narrators of her stories, the witnesses of things changing throughout time, and the guardians of the secrets of the evil eye.

They are, in a certain way, the keepers of past, present, and future spirituality.

“In this world, we lost a lot of spiritual ideas. My stories talk about death and religious belief, the pull between paganism and Christianity. Magical things give me hope that there is more that I don’t know,” said Marianne. By turning the pages of Eye, you can experience a sense of awe for this mix of popular belief and Christianity. You can feel the centuries-old Mediterranean culture, where magic mingles with religion. Eye is an ode to spirituality, to everything supernatural that goes beyond the reality we see. “In the old beliefs, there’s something that does continue. There’s an underlying meaning in them. I see it in my stories.” n

Superstition runs deep in Marianne’s family.

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I took two Germans to KW Oktoberfest...

They Had Some Thoughts B y D o m i n i q u e Ta s s e l l

FIRST OF ALL, those dirndls are not it.

Photo: The Ontarion

FROM THE KITCHEN:

Apple Pie Sandwich Sure To Warm You Up On Chilly Days B y S a r a h K r o l ew s k i

FALL IS HERE, which means that there are hundreds of great autumn dessert to try. When you’re a university student, it’s hard to get all the ingredients to make a lot of things, so is a simple recipe that don’t require too many ingredients or spices.

With the rich flavours of cinnamon and apples, this recipe is great for cold autumn mornings when the air is crisp and damp. It would also be great as a late-night treat, served with a scoop of ice cream and a splash of bourbon.

WHAT YOU’LL NEED: – 1 small apple (I used a macintosh) – water – 3 tablespoons brown sugar – 1 teaspoon cinnamon

– 1 teaspoon flour (optional) – 2 slices of bread – 2 eggs – milk

HOW TO DO IT: 1. Peel and core the apple, slicing into small cubes and placing immediately into a bowl of water as you go. Once finished, pour out some of the water so that the apples are just half-covered.

2. Place the apples and water into a small saucepan and cook on medium heat until boiling. While this is going, mix the brown sugar, cinnamon and flour in a small bowl. (If you do not have flour you will simply have to simmer the mixture for longer at a slightly lower temperature.)

3. Once the water is bubbling, add the brown sugar mixture.

Stir on medium until the apples are soft and the mixture has thickened, (around five minutes). You will be placing this in a sandwich so it shouldn’t be too runny. Ideally, you’re looking for something like a loose jam.

4. Transfer the apple mixture onto a slice of bread and place another slice on top. In a separate bowl mix two eggs together with a splash of milk (optionally add in a shake of cinnamon here too even a drop of vanilla if you wanted to).

5. Dip the sandwich into the eggs and place the sandwich onto a greased pan.

6. Cook on medium until both sides are browned. Serve immediately.

Visit www.theontarion.com for more recipes — with pictures, in colour!

While on exchange here in Guelph, I’ve (funnily enough) made friends with a large number of Europeans. So many that we joke I’m on Eurotrip. Two of these friends happen to be German, so when we heard that the Oktoberfest in KitchenerWaterloo was the largest Oktoberfest outside of Germany, we knew we had to go.

We purchased our tickets online and didn’t select the “print it yourself” option because it was three dollars more. This was a mistake. If you order your tickets online, you have to pick them up at the office, which is in Kitchener. The office closes at 5 p.m., but the festivities don’t start until around 6 p.m., so if you’re going next year, please just pay the three dollars.

The first difference I learned between KW Oktoberfest and German Oktoberfest was that KW’s has a few tents spread out across the city, and your ticket only gets you access to one. Going between them isn’t really realistic anyway, because of the distance between them. Research is key for figuring out the best one to buy tickets to.

German Oktoberfest, on the other hand, is in one place, and you don’t have to pay for individual tents. It’s in a field in the city of Munich, and locals actually refer to the event as “Wiesn” after the place it’s held. One of my friends, Sabrina, is from Munich, and she filled me in on all the details, so thanks to her, I’m going to give you a bit of history on Oktoberfest.

First of all, Oktoberfest only happens in Munich, the capital of the Bavarian state. It’s part of a larger festival called Volksfest, which means “People’s Festival,” which happens across Germany.

Oktoberfest also occurs in the sixteen days before the first Sunday in October... unless this is before German Unity Day (3 Oct.), in which case it continues until then. The event has its roots as the wedding festivities of a royal couple in 1810, meaning it’s been around over 200 years.

A whopping 6 million people visit Munich every year to attend Oktoberfest and it’s the kind of thing locals go to every year.

At KW Oktoberfest, you get bracelets with chips you have

to load money onto in order to purchase anything. According to my Germans, German Oktoberfest deals only in cold, hard cash. This bracelet set up honestly felt a little bit like a cash grab because if you didn’t use up everything on your bracelet you’d have to pay another three dollars to get it returned to cash — and if you left drunk with a decent amount of money still on your bracelet, I’m not sure how you’d ever get it back. Beer was also expensive, with half a litre costing seven dollars. My German friend, Arjan, wasn’t terribly impressed that the beer came from a can instead of a tap.

One of the things I was most interested to have my German friends compare was the

traditional aspect of Oktoberfest.

While Sabrina is from Munich, Arjan is from up north, where traditions are very different. The two main traditional features of KW Oktoberfest were the band and the dance performance shown at one point in the night.

The band was given the tick of approval for being accurate, and my German friends were pleasantly surprised by how well they sang the Oktoberfest song.

The accordion is apparently very important, and KW has this down pat. Sabrina, did mention, however, that dancing on tables is an integral part of Oktoberfest back home. KW Oktoberfest, unfortunately, did not have any of this. In fact, I get the feeling you might get kicked out for table dancing.

The dance group that performed was from the Transylvania Club in Kitchener. I hope they know Transylvania is not in Germany.

Apparently, they were fairly accurate to the German tradition though, so much, that as we were watching them, Sabrina turned to me and said, “this is everything I’ve worked so hard to escape.”

The dance they performed, Schuhplattlern, is the traditional dance that involves a lot of slapping your shoes. However, despite it being traditionally German, there were definitely some Austrian aspects to their performance. They danced in partners and there was also some yodelling involved — which the Germans were very quick to tell me was Austrian. At German Oktoberfest, no one really does traditional dance. There is one tent at the festival where you can see it performed, but it’s not terribly popular amongst locals.

The most interesting thing about the dancers were their outfits, (and guessing which partners were in relationships, but that may have been purely a me and my friends thing; Miss Transylvania was clearly dating one of the guys). The dancers had accurate outfits according to my Germans, but they weren’t super high quality. Real dirndls are generally quite expensive and worn at important events.

The stereotypical dirndl costume you’re probably imagining — the classic “sexy” one that has a very short skirt, white blouse with a corset over the top, and very weirdly, stockings — is also far too short to be traditional. According to Sabrina, people from Munich can tell when someone isn’t from Munich if their dirndl is above the knee.

As for the rest of the festivities, it was a mixed bag. The pretzels were pretty accurate, though you don’t traditionally eat them with mustard. Oktoberfest in Munich has rides, such as a Ferris Wheel, which KW Oktoberfest did not have. Instead, they had axe throwing, which I’ve been told Oktoberfest would never have because why would you give a drunk person an axe?

For an estimated attendance of 700,000 people overall at the festival, the tent we were in was a little empty. I put this down to the day we went, Thursday, because I’m sure more people go on the weekends. It was a bit odd that the event started at night. Oktoberfest in Munich is an all-day event.

But I was also told that there was “significantly less puking” at KW Oktoberfest than in Germany, so maybe that was a good thing.

At the end of the day, KW Oktoberfest was more traditional than we expected, and we definitely enjoyed it. Even the things that weren’t traditional weren’t horrible affronts. As my roommate said: “Whatever works for Canadians, as long as they’re having fun. But they should definitely go to the real one.” I for one, would definitely recommend adding a ride or two. n

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Fal l E d i ti on

CAM P US ST REET STY L E SUMMER COMING TO AN END may feel like a bummer to some, but the good news is that fall is always filled with endless outfit ideas and layering opportunities for students to have fun with. From pantsuits to puffer jackets to fresh outerwear trends and beyond, there’s plenty to get excited about.

Guelph may not be New York, Milan, or Paris, but our campus is still fitted up this fall. Here are some of the can’t miss ’fits seen on Guelph Campus.

By Miguel Mabal ay | Ph ot o s by A l ex V i a l e t t e

CFRU 93.3FM

Top 10 of the Month *Canadian artist **Local artist

To start is Renzel Villegas (@hellorenz), in a modern streetwear ’fit. He describes his style as: “Just putting on what looks good and not trying to force anything. Simple, nothing too loud, things that work together.” He gets his inspiration from streetwear influencers, such as Levi Bent-Lee and Kai Bent-Lee, and stylish athletes that are the same age as him, such as Franklin Jackson of the New Orleans Pelicans. His fall statement piece is the Aimé Leon Dore polar fleece pullover.

Pictured above is Thabo Gulu (@a_vibe_called_gulu) from the UK. He describes his style as: “A mix of skate culture, streetwear, and vintage clothing, with one or two pieces of designer clothing thrown in. Always comfort first, but not comfort over style, because I skate everywhere.” He finds inspiration in streetwear’s roots from skate brands, skateboarders, hip-hop artists like A$AP Rocky, Frank Ocean, Tyler the Creator, and grime artists such as Skepta. His fall statement piece is a Biggie Smalls’ Coogi sweater.

This collegiate hippy look by Aidan Ennis (@00Ennis) is a firm lesson in layering. The rugged, hard-worn Patagonia hoodie is exactly how the brand’s sustainable wares should be worn.

Heavily inspired by Shia Labeouf, Aidan glances over the designs when buying his clothes, but he mainly looks for what kind of cut the clothes are, saying, “I care about the shape over what’s on it.” His fall statement piece is the Stüssy and Clarks Wallabees, a notable shoe that has been shouted out by tastemakers Lawrence Schlossman and James Harris of the fashion podcast Failing Upwards.

Next up is Emillie Erum, wearing a very chic Parisian outfit.

She describes her style as, “minimal, plain, typical street style, with not much colour — but when I do, it’s solid.” She gets her inspiration from Instagram vintage stores, which she thinks are overpriced, and she alternatively goes to local thrift stores and finds the same things there for cheaper. When asked what her fall statement pieces are she says, “No boots just sneakers,” like the trendy New Balance V5s that she’s pictured wearing.

1. FLOATING POINTS Crush (Ninja Tune)

2. TOMEKA REID QUARTET Old New (Cuneiform)

3. THE SOULJAZZ ORCHESTRA* Chaos Theories (Do Right)

4. LES LOUANGES* Expansion Pack [EP] (Bonsound)

5. BEGONIA* Fear (Rex Baby)

6. ZACHARY LUCKY* Midwestern (Self-Released)

7. MATANA ROBERTS* Coin Coin Chapter Four: Memphis (Constellation)

8. SHOTGUN JIMMIE* Transistor Sister 2 (You’ve Changed)

9. JACQUES GREENE* Dawn Chorus (Arts & Crafts)

10. INNES WILSON** The Heart That Holds This Up (Out Of Sound)

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O CTO B ER 31 S T , 2019

TH I S CO LU M N I S N OT SATI R E :

Experts say in the future global turmoil will not have anything to do with race, religion, sexism, or climate issues.

Instead, societal tensions will stem from zodiac signs and pseudoscience belief.

By Maria Lepore

ANTICIPATING THAT current and upcoming world leaders focus on climate issues in following years, turmoil that once stemmed from environmental issues will cease to exist. It is anticipated that tensions regarding race, religion, sexuality and gender will be resolved and thus no longer a primary issue for the global population. Instead, societal tension will stem from something understood and tweeted about since ancient times: Horoscopes.

Experts, including soothsayers, pseudoscientists, current astrologically obsessed instagram meme pages, say that the future holds tensions going beyond personality traits. “There is a rising interest

in what zodiac signs have to offer, not just on an individual level but on a global scale,” stated Harmony Jade, a crystal collector and zodiac projectionist. Zodiac signs are already widely understood within pop culture, but attitudes regarding the signs are speculated to shift in such a way that they begin to affect our interpersonal interactions. “It just makes sense,” continued Jade. “Water signs stay with Water signs, Earth with earth, so on and so forth.”

It is anticipated that passive-aggressive comments such as “stop leosplaining” will become a prominent part of everyday language.

Additionally, new words to define activism will shift to meet this

changed societal norm. For example: “A ‘Geminist’ is someone who understands the struggle of being a Gemini in the astrological community,” says Agatha Agate, a selfproclaimed Geminist. “This sign is not the two-faced twin that everyone claims them to be. In fact, they are caring and adaptable.

The fact Geminis are consistently placed on the same level Scorpios is just an atrocious jab to one of the greatest zodiac signs.”

Another large issue that will arise as a result of society’s new understanding of the zodiac, will be levels of compatibility. “People won’t care about gender — that’ll be a thing of the past. What’ll matter more is the compatibility

of their signs and eventual place of residence,” commented Susan Citrine, who runs a well-known instagram account advocating for same-sign compatibility. “Virgos should stay within specific neighbourhoods made for virgos, you know how wildly organized they get. It just makes sense. And think about it, the mere idea that a Taurus and an Aquarius could get married in our current society is disgusting. That’s going to change.” continued Citrine, who also added that one of her best friends is a Taurus.

Identification of the individual will shift as well. Geographic borders will change and passports will become irrelevant in the future. The only documentation that will be needed is an individual’s natal chart. “It explains so much

about them as a person and where they will be able to fit in society.

The rising or ascending, indicates the type of energy an individual gives off, while their sun sign tells about their identity,” explained Agate.

A major global change that is also expected, is the abolition of seasons and introduction of retrogrades. “The four seasons won’t really be needed anymore — or even really there, if the climate crisis continues like it’s going — so all we’ll need to follow are the six planets that retrograde,” says Harmony Jade “Those who claimed that fall was their favourite season will come to say ‘My favourite time of year is Saturn Retrograde in Capricorn.’ And, if I’m being honest, it really is my favourite time of year! I’m such a primary Pisces, I know,” Jade addes excitedly. “But it’s just wonderful! The sense of pressure for upcoming tasks, investing energies, and how good is Spiced Saturn Latte, it doesn’t get better than that!” When asked how these experts know this will be society’s future, they responded “Oh honey, just look at the stars.

You know, you can actually see the stars, so everything we’re saying must be true. You’re so inquisitive... must be a Libra.” n

Everything you need to show your spirit! Find Us In The Guelph Gryphons Athletics Centre || bookstore.uoguelph.ca Monday to Friday: Saturday: Sunday:

10:00am - 6:00pm 11:00am - 4:00pm Closed

Did You Hear the News?

All Gryphon merchandise is now available in our new dedicated store in The Guelph Gryphons Athletics Centre.

Stay warm AND show your Gryph pride with our high quality clothes and swag!

Monday to Thursday: Friday: Saturday: Sunday:

Find Us In MacNaughton Building || bookstore.uoguelph.ca

8:00am - 6:00pm 8:00am - 5:00pm 11:00am - 4:00pm Closed

Everything you need to succeed at low prices!

C A L E N DA R

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

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WHAT’S ON IN NOVEMBER NOV. 1 – 9 GUELPH FILM FESTIVAL Films dedicated to expanding the voices and perspectives of all kinds through stories.

Multiple locations NOV. 1 SUSTAINABLE HOLIDAY MARKET Market to buy sustainable and unique gifts created by local artisans.

10:30 am to 4:30 pm University of Guelph

child drag queens around the world. $10 11:30 am to 1:30 pm Guelph Civic Museum

from

NOV. 2 KEEP OUR FRIENDS WARM RALLY Advocating at Guelph City Hall for an accessible place during the night for the communities most vulnerable during the winter months.

12 pm, Guelph City Hall

NOV. 1 GUELPH PRIDE & GUELPH SPOKEN WORD PRESENT: HALLOWEEN TALENT SHOW Why is Halloween only one night a year? Guelph Pride & Guelph Spoken Word want to show you spooooky talents and dance all night. $10 tickets in advance, $15 at the door.

7 pm to 2am, Ten Carden (42 Carden Street), 4th floor

NOV. 3 OUR DANCE OF REVOLUTION: GUELPH FILM FESTIVAL SCREENING Film of how Black queer folks in Toronto faced every adversity and rose up to become a vibrant, triplesnap-fierce community. $10/PWYC 2:30 pm to 4:30 pm Ten Carden (42 Carden Street), 4th floor

NOV. 2 DRAG KIDS: GUELPH FILM FESTIVAL SCREENING Film following an intimate journey into the lives of four

NOV. 8 ARKELLS: RALLY CRY TOUR Arkells perform with special guests Coin. $60+, 7 pm, Sleeman Centre

NOV. 9 GUELPH INDIGENOUS MAKER’S MARKET Indigenous artisans sell their work for second annual Indgenous market. $2/PWYC entry, 11 am to 4 pm Indigenous Healing & Wellness Program Wellington-Waterloo NOV. 9 TRANSIT SUMMIT AND TOWN HALL This free half day event will feature prominent speakers who discuss local and regional transit. All speakers will participate in a Public Town Hall and answer questions.

12 pm to 5:30 pm St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, 161 Norfolk St. NOV. 9 & 10 THE BODY PROJECT The Body Project is a workshop series that aims to promote body positivity.

11 am to 1 pm Wellness Education & Promotion Centre NOV. 11 – 15 MENTAL WELL-BEING AWARENESS WEEK

A series of 20+ events that raise awareness of mental well-being on campus.

Various locations on campus NOV. 16 GUELPH POETRY SLAM A free poetry slam and open mic.

7 pm, eBar

NOV. 20 COMYX AT ONYX A monthly stand up comedy show, showcasing local Guelph comedians.

PWYC event Hosted by Dana CK Doors at 8 pm, show at 9 pm Onyx Nightclub.

NOV. 21 CSA SEXY BINGO Sex/Sex-Toy/Masturbation trivia and bingo, hosted

by Drag Queen Athena McQueen. Win sex toys!

7 pm to 11 pm, Brass Taps

NOV. 16 KAZOO! PRESENTS: SHOTGUN JIMMIE, JOSE CONTRERAS, JESSY BELL SMITH 8:30 pm, ANAF Club 344 NOV. 17 GUELPH COMMUNITY SANTA PARADE AND SANTA RUN Family friendly Santa parade with community business and organizations in costume.

1 pm to 2:30 pm, downtown Guelph NOV. 18 GUELPH QUEER NETWORKING Network and meet other queer professionals in the area. Allies welcome.

6 pm to 7:30 pm, Guelph Chamber of Commerce

NOV. 20 – 24 RCMPI PRESENTS: MAMMA MIA! This sunny and funny tale unfolds on a Greek island paradise. $25+, 1:30 pm & 7:30 pm, River Run Centre NOV. 27 GINGERBREAD HOUSE COMPETITION Build your own gingerbread house for the chance to win a prize! Festive snacks and drinks will be available.

6 pm to 8 pm, The Fifth: GSA Rooftop Patio & Lounge

HOROSCOPE

BY HARMONY JADE

^

_

`

a

ARIES Mar. 21 - Apr. 19

TAURUS Apr. 20 - May 20

GEMINI May 21 - Jun. 20

CANCER Jun. 21 - July 22

Your passion and ambition are illuminated by your ruling planet Mars. With a powerful planetary pull in your chart this month, you are a seeker of quantum soup. Grab a spoon and slurp it up!

Strong, stubborn, stoic.

These words describe you, Taurus. This month, you may be ruled by discontinuity without realizing it. Get back to continuity by watching some soap cutting videos.

It’s what the cosmos — and you — need.

Pluto is entering your chart this month, which probably means something.

This planetary pull may make you hesitant, but remember, wisdom is the driver of passion and it’s a one-way street.

Perhaps you are feeling some lunar pressures in your life, dear Cancer. You may find yourself pondering “Have I found my myth?”

But how can one’s myth be found, if the account is private? It’s time to change your privacy settings and let others in.

d

e

f

g

LEO b July 23 - Aug 22 The cosmos is buzzing for you this month, Leo. Your will is the knowledge of starfire and we are the guardians of the sun. Stand your ground this month and let your roar soar!

h

c

VIRGO Aug. 23 - Sept. 22 Virgo, oh Virgo... the milky way is entering your bowl of cheerios this month. It sure tastes delicious, doesn’t it?

Now is your time to enjoy! .

i

LIBRA Sept. 23 - Oct. 22

SCORPIO Oct. 23 - Nov. 21

SAGITTARIUS Nov. 22 - Dec. 21

CAPRICORN Dec. 22 - Jan. 19

AQUARIUS Jan. 20 - Feb. 18

PISCES Feb. 19 - Mar. 20

You value your harmony and balance. But chaos makes life interesting. The scales you are represented by would make for a great side table. Do not be afraid of letting things get out of control; to traverse the journey is to become one with it.

Scorpio, the sun is igniting your chart this month. It’s an interplanetary bonfire just for you! Pluto, your ruling planet, is ascending, so this month be sure to roast some marshmallows and snuggle up with a cozy mystery.

Curiosity cannot thrive in a controlled environment. Let your mother planet, Jupiter, assert her dominance. The stratosphere is at a tipping point and it’s a good thing you brought a parachute!

Saturn is cascading into your chart with endless cosmic energy this month!

Enjoy this freedom, but don’t get too ahead of yourself. With great power comes exploration… which is exactly what they want you to think.

Gentle child of Uranus, it is a time to reflect. Search inwardly this month. That’s what Uranus would want you to do. You do not need to re-write your story, but getting an editor would really help.

Stardust is the being of all well-being, including you.

With your planet mother, Neptune, guiding your empathetic nature, it’s time to chill out a bit. Your stardust has been disturbed.

Allow it to settle again before you take on more tasks this month.

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F U N PAG E

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

CROSSWORD ACROSS

18–Speed

1–Defendant’s answer

19–Public walk

5–Orgs.

20–Majestically, musically

10–Charitable contribution

1

33–New Zealand indigenous people 34–Prophet 36–That, in Toledo

22–Tooth covering

37–Archer’s skill

14–Crew needs

24–Christmas tree

38–Harbingers

15–Capital of South Korea

25–Rushed, drove too fast

39–Organ of hearing

16–Rake

26–Call forth

17–Composer Satie

29–Lockjaw

40–Hosp. picture

44–Small bag

62–Shredded

47–Barrister

63–The end of ___

48–Entice

64–Gambling mecca

49–Cartoon cry

65–Chimney grime

50–Conductors’ rods

66–Brown ermine

53–Exhaust

67–Paint crudely

58–Boy with a bow

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4

5

6

7

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14

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61–Arabian Sea gulf

42–Emblem

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37

38

40

41

35

42

38–Abroad

53–Margarine

1–Limerick, for one

10–Spanish fleet

42–Boxer Max

54–Aloe ___

2–Dr. Zhivago’s love

11–Good earth

27–Currency unit in Nigeria

43–Clumsy

55–Concert halls

3–Great Lake

12–Sterile hybrid

45–Broom room

50

4–Requests

13–Exchange for money

56–Bausch & Lomb brand 57–Door part

58

59

62

63

64

65

66

67

5–On land 6–Oceans

21–Polynesian carved image

7–Nothing special

23–Safety device

8–Crackpot

25–Dictator’s aide

SUDOKU 8 3

46–Attila, e.g.

31–Grammarian’s topic

47–Ogle

32–More peeved

50–Wagers

34–Look happy

51–Slangy suffix

35–Dusk, to Donne

52–Bull

Place the digits 1 - 9 once in each row, column, and 3x3 block.

1 9 7

3

1 2

2 5

3 9

4 1 9

7 2

8 3

9 4

crossword to The Ontarion office, UC 264,

by TUESDAY NOV. 26 at 3 pm. Winners are announced in the paper each issue and should collect their voucher from The Ontarion office.

8 1

WINNER FROM 187.2:

2

Better luck next time: Meaghan Theodore

© 2013 KrazyDad.com

NEXT ISSUE HITTING STANDS ON NOVEMBER 28TH!

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N O N O

L

65

A

T

31

P

58

P

72

D G

E

R

64

E

L

A

P

E

22

10

R

L

T

36

9

A G

S

I 50

A

R

N E

8

T

N

45

7

E

18 21

A

40

6

S M E

15

I

69

Kanza Shams

54

60

57

CONGRATULATIONS!

5

53

14

BOB’S DOGS, submit a completed

32

49

1

FOR YOUR CHANCE TO WIN 2 FREE

31

47

52

MONTHLY DRAW

9 8 4

60–Med.

46

48 51

30

43

26–Mosque officials

30–Hard up

13

39

9–Railway ties

28–Throw up

12

36

DOWN

45

11

23

29 34

44

23

25

33

59–Certain fisherman

41–Chianti, e.g.

I S SU E 187.3

34

S

39

E

R

T

T

I

R

E

O

A

R

N

D O

44

53

A

N 68

I

M

71

49

61

62

M B A

I

A

63

O L

A G O G

74

L

3 1 6 5 7 2 9 4 8

I

4 5 8 3 9 6 1 7 2

S

A

9 7 2 4 8 1 3 5 6

© 2013 KrazyDad.com

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