Quaderno 2-2015 by Ordine degli Ingegneri della Provincia di Roma

Per ulteriori numeri, articoli, contatti: http://rivista.ording.roma.it

Sommario

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GLI EDITORIALI =J I JGK H J < I H LK M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 5 di Carla Cappiello

9@$H K J M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 6 di Francesco Marinuzzi

GLI ARTICOLI ; KK LG J H = L D L C K L F EA !;$82 (44- J I EGJ D L L GK L K E K J I CK 5:3< B CJGII L GK L J IF IK H GL K F I LH F KK J M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 8 D. Mazza

=J G J H K E L LK H J LIGJ LK K L L L F J IG II H JJ F D L L F K C L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 18 D. Morea, L. Bongiovanni

6L J I H JJ IF IK H EG H I IK L I KK D L I IE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 24 S. Cavallo

=LC IK GKKG K F J K H LK LK L I H K IK C L KG J - GL I IK E H IGFF K JJ H I L )188* L GK J H I L E L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 32 S. Armenia, C. Carlini, C. Volpetti

9 J F J H K E L D L H JJ IGF C H J EE A J G A L - 1<; L ,(% #% M M M M M M M M M M M M 38 V. Bellucci, C. Del Prete, L. Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Angelo

<$: / E H K J - I I L E GK J DD J M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 44 M.Pizza

C H F K? F K LK H C LH D L H KK L C I I IE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 56 V. Capogreco, S. Ruggieri

9 E LGK LD L H CCGI H J K

K - GL LK AGK L II JJ E K D L H J I H GJ M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 60 G. Giarda

=LK HGD L JJ L L L KG J IK M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 66 P. Cornelini, F. Boccalaro, G. Menegazzi

=J G J H JJ@ GH K L I IK E H IK L 5 K H EF K E LK M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 74 M. Pasqualini, G. Presti

=J J GD L J L JJ JGK D L H J EE A J F J L II L H J H K M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 82 M. Ieppariello

=L IK H J 8 E L 3 D L J IGJ < 2 L J - FF C LH E LK K L I GIF L L JJGIK K L >G JJ I H M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 88 G. Bava,, A. Taglioni

8K KGF ' L DD D L 3 < C K M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 96 Membri iscritti alla commissione â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ingegnere per il no profitâ&#x20AC;? 23 Dicembre 2014

GLI APPROFONDIMENTI 9 G F C II L J H JJ@ L L L $G F H J L I E LK H K K J F C II L J LI G K JJ@ IK M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 104 E.. Ronzitti R

;G J IF LI A J K? L JJ@ EA K H LK KK H L J KK DD KG J H I E H KGK J L I H nolo a freddo H nolo a caldoM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 118 M.CerriIng, Ing. L.C. Chiarenza

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;AREA WEB DEL QUADERNO E DELLA RIVISTAM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 128

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"362.50.4 !6372-**7 Comitato di redazione Sezione A

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Sezione B

743(74 !62.-3/7 Amministrazione e redazione

76**6 +5116 #5,-))17.6 $$ #4'6 51% $ "6 $ Direzione artistica e Progetto grafico

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Il saluto del Presidente 1 KK =L : J : FF JJ

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LD J H JJ@ KKG J E H JJ H IK L B F L C K LK J DD K 8 H AA LH I GL E CJ II A J K?B H G LH I JJ LG LC E D L H JJ F 7 F J D L JJ L K? K L J B L LH I I JJ IF KK K H F D LK .J L L I L L H H EF LH J EFJ II K? H F II F K E7 E L IK K B H F KK J B L DD J IK J L LL K =LC KK B J L L LL GL I L H JJ@ EF I I L K E GL LI E B G FFJ E H JJ H L DD D L IK GE LK H IK L )A J L B L J I H IK B JGK D L H J L 7 IK E LK B L J I EF K K *B H LH GL IF C KK LD L JJ LK D L C I JK IK L J I JK K L J JJ F AJ E K H L DD D L LC E K DD 7 D L H F II D LH J 6J GL ; L E J 9 EA H B J L K B J 9 G B J 2 I L J@6A GDD B IK LL L D LH A LH L I I FGAAJ F J I H >G IK K F H F C II L 7 J K?B F H LK >G J K?B CC H CC LD H JJ F IK D L B L GL L KK J 7 E K D L H J IF =J 9 D B I AA L I KK F IK < L H LK L E B L L L >G I K K J C G < K LK B I ? F F I K H JJ@' H L H J =L L H JJ < 7 L H ; E B F EG J@ EFJ E LK H JJ EF K LD H J F K I L K B K7 K I J@ LI E LK F C II L J H >G IK K F J H L L L GL EA K I

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L H JJ@GI H JJ F DD J L LHG LK H I J LK 1 AA E C L KGKK KK H L I D tradizionali visibili L K B I L C K LK LG C GKK H F II I EF F 0 F C LH H H K J DD D L CC L I LL IK GL J KG I H C HG H GI 3 L F II E LK LK H K GL E H IF E >G J E LGK L J K CC 9 E H K J DD D L IK priva )L J I LI H JJ F * I EF E F K J EF K E LK J H JJ KK H L LD 8 K KK B I E H J KGC H JJ F DD J L H GL K EF B H GL materiale F D I GL K H GL FF KGL E H JJ DD D L L IK J A H K ) J * H GL C K B F K LK CJG H J A D L ) >G * FG L I J H E LK K JK? K? IGJJ H L E EF K E LK J GK J DD A J F IK G I J H F J K F J IK L H JJ I FGAAJ B K J K I JGD L H IK L H J IF D I I H LD J I H H K J E E LK H F I L I B LG C E F 0 J JJ H I J DD D L H EGL D L LK LK L D L J 8 L L L H K >G IK K L B I KGKK J E K J + H F K K I LK II B L J I J LD L J B I KK L

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

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impianto nucleare BREST 300 Y) )0(+/ ( ,*10.1 [ ( ./ 1++/ . ''/ )( )0 %) ,/ *1+0 1(+/ 1 '0.3 ./'') / 0**0 ,/'+. ! )/(1- ''/ [ ./ 1++0+/ 1. ./% ..1 (0 /! +1( 0 %) :FF U+"& FF U1- * ,/(,1++/ )((/! 0+) / (/( .)')1%1 '/*/ (1**Y +)*) / %1* )/ D/ ,/ 1 .1$.) 1.0(+1& 0 0(,"1 (1**Y +)*) / %)

> 6 6 6 > 6 >

,/ D '+)D)*1 )( $/. 0 %) ()+.0+) %) .0()/ 1 * ! +/()/ < !=; - (/*+.1 )* 0' )(1.+1 ,"1 .)1 )1 )* 0 +.0 1**1+' 1 0)(0& 1 Z )(%) )* 0' *1(

[ 0. /(- Y0. /( [ ) )1 0+/ )( + ++) ) ')'+1 ) )%.0 *),) ,"1 %1DD0(/ / ) 1(+0.1 0''1 %) )/ D/ $ '/ / 0(+1(1.*1 )( 1Z )*)D.)/ Y)(+1./ ) )0(+/ [ +/+0* 1(+1 .0,,") '/ %0 ( .) / 1''1* )( 0,,)0)/ 1 Z 1'+/& %/ / (/ ' 1''/.1 %) 0.)0& [ .0,,") '/ 0 ' 0 /*+0 %0 ( 0*+./ 1''1* 1'+1.(/ )( 0,,)0)/ 0* %) *3 %1* Z 0*1 [ .1'1(+1 *Y *+) 0 D0..)1.0 )( ,0*,1'+. /L 1'+0 ',1*+0 ./ 1++ 0*1 '1 1 1 '/%%)'$0 0 )1(/ )* ,.)+1.)/ %1**0 %)$1'0 )( ./$/(%)+3 0 +0D1**0 .) /.+0 *1 .)(,) 0*) ,0.0++1.)'+),"1-

Tabella 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Principali caratteristiche dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impianto nucleare BREST 300 [1] Potenza termica 700 MW Potenza elettrica netta 300 MW Temperatura del refrigerante allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ingresso del core 693 K Temperatura del refrigerante allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uscita del core 813 K Pressione del refrigerante 17 bar Flusso del refrigerante attraverso il core 3.8 Caduta di pressione allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interno del circuito primario 2 bar Numero di generatori di vapore (GV) 8 Numero di pompe primarie (assiali) 4 Potenza del singolo generatore di vapore 87.5 MW CapacitĂ di ciascun GV 185.7 t/h Fluido del circuito secondario Water - steam TIN/TOUT per i GV 613 K / 793 K PIN/POUT per i GV 255 bar / 245 bar Temperatura dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;acqua allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ingresso del GV 538 K

0 $) .0 /'+.0 (0 '1 )/(1 ,/( )'+0 +/+0*1 %1**Y) )0(+/-

Strutture implementate nel codice di trasporto della radiazione MCNPX 1. /++1(1.1 ) $* '') (1 +./(),) [ '+0+/ (1,1''0! .)/ ) *1 1(+0.1 *1 '+. ++ .1 .) /.+0+1 (1**0 0.+1 )($1.)/.1 %) $) .0 - Y)(+1./ .10++/.1 ,/( ) ' /) 1*1 1(+) %) ,/ D '+)D)*1 <fuel assemblies& ;& *) 1*1 1(+) %) ,/(+./**/& ) D*/,,") %) .)$*1++/.1 1 *1 '+. ++ .1 )

1%)0+0 1(+1 ' ''1 1(+) )* D0..1*& $)(/ 0* .) / 1''1* %) ,/(+1() 1(+/- * ')'+1 0 %0 ) *1 1(+0.1 [ /'+.0+/ )( $) .0 1 B * (/,,)/*/& ,/( (0 * ( "1 0 0++) 0 %) FF

& [ %) )'/ )( +.1 /(1& (0 %)$$1.1(+1 %0**Y0*! +.0 (/( 1. *0 ,/ /') )/(1 )'/+/ ),0 %1* ,/ ! D '+)D)*1& ,"1 [ *0 1%1') 0 )( / () /(0 %1* .10++/.1& D1('J 1. )* %)0 1+./ %1**1 0)(1- '! '/ [ 0.) 0 A-

1. *0 /(0 ,1(+.0*1& A-?

1. *0 /(0 )(+1. 1%)0 1 F-B

1. *0 /(0 )V 1'+1.(0& ,/ 1 /'+.0+/ )( $) .0 E> () & $) .0 ?& "0 ( .1+),/*/ %) W &

) .0

Sezione con vista completa dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impianto nucleare BREST 300 [1]

'1++1 /') )/() '/(/ /,, 0+1 %0 + D) )%0 1 0'+1 %) ' /.+/- * .1+),/*/ "0 %) 1(')/() B9-?

W B9-?

'1 0.0 (0 %0 Z 1**0 0%)0,1(+1- 0 /(0 <)( ./''/; [ ,/ /'+0 %0 E: & *0 /(0 %0 : 1 *0 /(0 %0 E?- * ( 1./ +/+0*1 %) [ 9E 0 ,/ /') )/(1 )'/+/ ),0 %1* ,/ D '+)D)*1 $.1',/& ,)/[ 0**/ '+0.+! %1* .10++/.1& [ .) /.+0! +0 )( +0D1**0 :- ''0 [ '+0+0 0'' (+0 0 0.+).1 %0 Z 0(+/ .) /.+0+/ (1**0 D)D*)/ .0$)0 0**0 * ,1 %1* ./ 1++/ .) /.+0+/ )( * .0 /.+/ +.0 *) )'/+/ ) %) * +/()/ [ 0.) 0

Tabella 7 Composizione isotopica del combustibile fresco

> 6 6 6 > 6 >

) .0 S Sezione verticale della parte inferiore dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impianto [1] ) .0 B Sezioni orizzontali dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impianto, come in figura 2 [1]

) .0 E S Barrette di combustibile per le regioni 1,2 e 3 del nocciolo

) .0 ? Sezione di un elemento di combustibile (FA), misure in mm.

1. Z 0(+/ ,/(,1.(1 )* ')'+1 0 %) ,/(+./**/& 1'! '/ [ ,/ /'+/ %0 BF 1*1 1(+) .0 . 0+) )( Z 0++./ %)$$1.1(+) . ) & & # 1% 6 1 %) Z 1'+) < # 1 ; '/(/ ./ 1++0+) 1. 0 ).1 % .0(+1 1 1(+ 0*) ',1(0.) )(,)%1(+0*)- * ')! '+1 0 [ ./ 1++0+/ 1. .)' /(%1.1 0**1 )(! '1. )/() /')+) 1 %) .10++) )+3 0**Y0 )0 1(+/ %1*

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

1(+) %) ,/ D '+)D)*1& BF 1*1 1(+) %) ,/(+./**/ 1 B D*/,,") %) .)$*1++/.1 .0%)0*1- 0 $) .0 9

/'+.0 +0*1 ,/($) .0 )/(1 ,/( )* (/,,)/*/ %) )!

) .0 9 S Schematizzazione del core, degli elementi di controllo e del riflettore radiale

> 6 6 6 > 6 >

'/ )( +.1 .1 )/() ,/*/.0+1 ) $)() %1**0 ') *0 )/(1 [ '+0+/ ) *1 1(+0+/ 0(,"1 )* .)$*1++/.1 0'')0*1- (+.0 D) '/(/ '+0+) ) *1 1(+0+) ,/ 1 D*/,,") ,/ /'+) %0 (0 '/* )/(1 %) )/ D/ 1 0,,)0)/ 1. +1(1. ,/(+/ %1**1 '+. ++ .1 *) )+./$1 ++) *) 1*1 1(+) %) ,/(+./**/ ) *1 1(+0+) '/(/ ,/'+)+ )+) %0 ( 0''1 D*0 )/ 0''/.D)+/.1 < ;K (/+/ ,"1 1''/ ')0 ,/ /'+/ %0 9 D0..1 0''/.D)+.),) )( B & / ( (0 %1* %)0 1+./ %) 9

- 1. 0*, () %1) ')'+1 ) %) ,/(+./**/ [ '+0+0 %),")0.0+0 0(,"1 *0 * ( "1 0 %) +0*) D0..1++1 & 0& 0% 1'1 )/& 1. )* ')'+1 0 (/( [ '+0+/ .)*0',)0+/ 0*, ( %0+/- 0 * ( "1 0 %1**1 D0..1++1 1. +0*1 ')'+1 0& Z )(%)& [ '+0+0 '+0D)*)! +0 )( 0,,/.%/ ,/( )* $0++/ ,"1 *Y)(+1./ (/,,)/*/ $/''1 1.$1++0 1(+1 ,.)+),/ Z 0(%/ )* ')'+1 0 '+1''/ $/''1 )(+1.0 1(+1 )('1.)+/- / (! Z 1 [ (/+0 *0 1/ 1+.)0 1(1.0*1 %1 *) 1*1 1(! +) %) ,/(+./**/ 1. / ( (/ %1) Z 0++./ ')'+1 ) - 0 $) .0 A /'+.0 *0 ,/($) .0 )/(1 0%/+! +0+0 1. *Y0''1 D*0 )/ 0''/.D)+/.1 )( B *) 0,,)0) ) )1 0+) 1. )* ./ 1++/ ( ,*10.1 '/! (/ %)$$1.1(+) %0 Z 1**) 0%/++0+) 1. )* 1''1* 1 )* down-comer- 0 ,/ /') )/(1 %1**Y0,,)0)/ 1. *1 '+. ++ .1 )(+1.(1 0* (/,,)/*/ < 0)(1 1 0.+) '+. ++ .0*);& (/( [ '+0+0 0(,/.0 %),")0.0+0- 1.! +0(+/& 0) $)() %1**0 ') *0 )/(1& [ '+0+/ '1*1 )/! (0+/ ( +) ),/ 0,,)0)/ )( .0%/ %) *0 /.0.1 )( Z 1'+/ +) / %) 0 D)1(+1- #) +.0++0 %1**Y0,,)0)/ P & / 1++/ %) /*+) '+ %) )(1.1(+) 0+1! .)0*) 1. +1,(/*/ )1 ( ,*10.) 0% 0*+1 +1 1.0+ .1 - 0 ' 0 ,/ /') )/(1 )'/+/ ),0 [ .) /.+0+0 )( +0D1**0 FTabella 10 - Composizione isotopica dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;acciaio HCM12A [3]

( 0,,/.%/ ,/( Z 0(+/ .) /.+0+/ (1**1 .1,1! %1(+) $) .1 1 B& *0 $) .0 /'+.0 *0 ,/($)! .0 )/(1 $)(0*1 %1* ')'+1 0 ( ,*10.1 %0 ) *1!

1(+0.1 0**Y)(+1.(/ %1* ,/%),1 %) +.0' /.+/ %1**0 .0%)0 )/(1 W- 1(+.1& *1 $) .1 1 '/(/ *1 '1 )/() /.) /(+0*1 1 1.+),0*1& /++1( +1 ,/( )0() 1%)0()& %) + ++/ )* ')'+1 0 (0 /*+0 ,"1 1''/ [ '+0+/ ) *1 1(+0+/ (1* ,/%),1 * ')'+1 0 /++1( +/ [ 1.$1++0 1(+1 ,.)+),/- (! $0++)& +.0 )+1 */ '+1''/ ,/%),1 W& ( ,0*! ,/*/ %) ,.)+),)+3 "0 %) /'+.0+/ ,/ 1 )* $0++/.1 %)

/*+) *),0 )/(1 1$$1++) / ')0 0.) 0 1$$X -FFFFFě&#x2022;?F-FFF E< ;- Y1$$1++) 0 $.0 )/(1 %) (1 +./() .)+0.%0+) [ %),")0.0+0 0.) 0 1$$XF-FF ? - =(Y *+1.)/.1 0(0*)')& 1$$1++ 0+0 ' * ')'+1 0 ) *1 1(+0+/& ,/ ./ 0 +0*1 %0+/#1DD1(1 *1 )($/. 0 )/() .1*0+) 1 0* # FF (/( $/''1./ +/+0* 1(+1 1'0 .)1(+)& )* ')'+1 0 ( ! ,*10.1 ) *1 1(+0+/ ') 0 ),)(0 /*+/ 0 Z 1**/

> 6 6 6 > 6 >

) .0 A Assemblaggio assorbitore (AA)

) .0 Schema delle strutture in-core ed ex-core da implementare

) .0

Sezione orizzontale del sistema implementato, da MCNPX

) .0 Sezione verticale del sistema implementato, da MCNPX

/.) )(0*1 1 ,/ (Z 1 T .0 .1'1(+0.1 ( 1'1 )/ 0 '1 '+0(+1 %) .10++/.1 ( ,*10.1 1*/,1 .1$.) 1.0+/ ,/( )/ D/ 1.$1++0 1(+1 ,.)+),/& %/+0+/ %) + ++) ) ' /) ')'+1 ) %) '), .1 0 1 ,/(! +./**/-

) .0 B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Spettro neutronico al centro del nocciolo

Spettri neutronici

) .0 E â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Spettro neutronico in corrisponenza dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;elemento di combustibile piĂš periferico

) .0 ? â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Spettro neutronico in corrispondenza della circonferenza mediana del down-comer

) .0 : â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Errore relativo per le misure dello spettro neutronico al centro del reattore

=(0 /*+0 ) *1 1(+0+/ *Y)(+1./ ')'+1 0 0**Y)(+1.! (/ %1* ,/%),1& *) ' 1++.) 1(1. 1+),) %1) $* '') (1 +./(),) '/(/ '+0+) .),0 0+) )( +.1 (+) %) 1.') %1* .10++/.1 N 0* ,1(+./ %1* (/,,)/*/I N 0 1+3 0*+1 0 %1**Y1*1 1(+/ %) ,/ D '+)D)! *1 )V 1'+1.(/I N )( ,/..)' /(%1( 0 %1**0 ,).,/($1.1( 0 1! %)0(0 %1* down-comer 0 ') *0 )/(1 )( W [ D0'0+0 ' **/ '+ %)/ '+0+)'+),/ %) E )*)/() %) (1 +./() 1 *) ' 1++.) .0,,/*+) )( ,/..)' /(%1( 0 %1) .1,1%1(+) +.1 (+) '/(/ .) /.+0+) .)' 1++) 0 1(+1 )( $) .0 B& E 1 ? 1 $) .1 : 1 9 .) /.+0(/ *Y1../.1 .1*0+) / %1**1

)' .1 ' 1++.0*) .)' 1++) 0 1(+1 0* ,1(+./ %1* .10++/.1 1 (1* down-comer- ( 0,,/.%/ ,/( )*

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

1 ,/ /(1(+) %1* .1$.) 1.0(+1& EB 1& E? 1 1 E

. ,/ 1 ,/ /(1(+) %1**1 0)(1- 0 $) .0 A .) /.+0 *0 '1 )/(1 %Y .+/ %) ,0++ .0 .0%)0+) 0 %1* F: D (1**Y)(+1. 0**/ %) 1(1. )1 %) )(+1.1''1 E #) T 1%1.1 ,")0.0 1(+1 *0 ,/..)' /(%1( 0 +.0 ) ),,") %) .)'/(0( 0 Z ) .1'1(+) 1 *1 %1! .1'')/() ,/..)' /(%1(+) (1 *) ' 1++.) (1 +./(),) (,"1 (1* .0( 1 %) 1(1. )1 0* %) '/++/ %) E 1 & )(,.1 1(+0(%/ )* .0%/ %) )' 1 )/(1 (1* ,/%),1 /(+1 0.*/ 1 )* ( 1./ %) (1 +./() ) *1 1(!

> 6 6 6 > 6 >

+0+)& [ /'')D)*1 .) 1*0.1 (0 $/. 0 '1 "1++0+0 1. */ ' 1++./- 0*1 $/. 0& )( Z 1'+/ .0( 1 %) 1(1. )1& [ %0 ) *),0.1 0 )/. 1(+1 0 *) )'/! +/ ) ,"1 ,/ /( /(/ )* ,/ D '+)D)*1 1. */ ' 1++./ 0* ,1(+./ %1* (/,,)/*/ *Y1(1. )0 )V ./D0D)*1 %1) (1 +./() [ 0.) 0 XE 1 &

1(+.1 )* 0*/. 1%)/ [ X ?B 1 - / ' 1++./ (1**0 '1,/(%0 /') )/(1 [ *1 1. 1(+1 )V

/%1.0+/ %1* .) /& ,/( (0 1(1. )0 1%)0 0.) 0 X ? 1 /),"[ )* ./ 1++/ . ''/ .1 1%1 ,"1 *0 '+. !

1(+0 )/(1 (1 +./(),0 ')0 0**/ )0+0 (1* downcomer& ') [ .),0 0+/ */ ' 1++./ (1 +./(),/ ' **0 ,).,/($1.1( 0 1%)0(0 %1* down-comer- (1 ! +./() ',1(+) %0* (/,,)/*/ "0((/ ,/ 1 1(1. )0 )V ./D0D)*1 ( 0*/.1 )(/.1 .)' 1++/ 0 Z 1**) +) ),) %1**0 D0(%0 %) .)'/(0( 0 %) ,0++ .0& )(/*! +.1& 1'') )(,/(+.0(/ * ( / )* ,0

)(/ .)(,) 0*!

1(+1 )* .1$.) 1.0(+1- 1.+0(+/ )* ./,1''/ %) .0*! *1(+0 1(+/ %1) (1 +./() <slow-downing; ,/(+)! ( 0 $)(/ 0% 0'' 1.1 *0 ,*0''),0 %)'+.)D )/(1 0 ,0 0(0- Y1(1. )0 )V ./D0D)*1 %1) (1 +./! () ' **0 ,).,/($1.1( 0 1%)0(0 %1* down-comer [ 0.) 0 XF& B1 <%)1,) /*+1 Z 1**0 %) ( .10++/.1 0% 0,Z 0 *1 1.0;& 1(+.1 *Y1(1. )0

1%)0 [ X:FF1 -

) .0 9 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Errore relativo per le misure dello spettro neutronico nel down-comer

) .0 A â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sezione dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;urto (n, ) per 207Pb [5]

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Tabella 20 - Principali caratteristiche della camera a fissione Photonis CFUE32 [4] 1 1.0+ .0 %) 1'1.,) )/ 0+1.)0*1 %) .) 1'+) 1(+/ 0+1.)0*1 )'/*0(+1 1(')/(1 (/ )(0*1 #+.0+/ '1(')D)*1 0''0 %1**/ '+.0+/ '1(')D)*1 0' %) .)1 ) 1(+/ 6)0 1+./ ( "1 0 ( "1 0 '+.0+/ '1(')D)*1 1 / 1. ,/**1 )/(0.1 *0 ,0.),0 #1(')D)*)+3 0) .0 ) 0

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) .0 Detector, camera a fissione Photonis CFUE32 [4]

Tabella 22 - Composizione isotopica dello strato sensibile interno alla camera a fissione Photonis CFUE32 [4]

Composizione isotopica [%w/w]

234 U 0.059731

235 U 98.048936

236 U 0.039821

238 U 1.403686

16 O 0.447826

Tabella 23 - Risposta della camera a fissione Photonis CFUE32 per un flusso termico [4]

Thermal neutronic flux [ n] [n/(cm2s] 103ě&#x2022;Ś108 107ě&#x2022;Ś3Âˇ1012 109ě&#x2022;Ś1013

Pulse mode Campbelling mode Current mode

Signal

10-3 conteggi/(sÂˇn/(cm2s>) 4Âˇ10-29A2/(HzÂˇn/cm2) 10-16A/n(nÂˇcm-2s-1)

Tabella 24 - Segnale in uscita dalla camera a fissione Photonis CFUE32 per il flusso neutronico tipico del BREST 300 in corrispondenza del down-comer

Neutronic flux [ n] [n/(cm2s] 103ě&#x2022;Ś108 107ě&#x2022;Ś3Âˇ1012 109ě&#x2022;Ś1013

Pulse mode Campbelling mode Current mode

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0 .&&0 F Le attivitĂ del consulente tecnico ingegnere nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambito di unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;operazione in Project Financing

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Quaderno

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Superficie ponderata Pertinenze ornamento

Superficie commerciale

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EO : â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Regolamento eIDAS N. 910/2014 del PARLAMENTO EUROPEO e del CONSIGLIO del 23 luglio 2014, in materia di identificazione elettronica e servizi fiduciari per le transazioni elettroniche nel mercato interno e che abroga la direttiva 1999/93/CE. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri del 24 ottobre 2014 - Definizione delle caratteristiche del sistema pubblico per la gestione dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;identitĂ digitale di cittadini e imprese (SPID), nonchĂŠ dei tempi e delle modalitĂ di adozione del sistema SPID da parte delle pubbliche amministrazioni e delle imprese. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Determinazione Commissariale n. 63/2014 - ModalitĂ di attuazione dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;articolo 19, comma 7 (Firma digitale verificata), del DPCM 22 febbraio 2013 recante â&#x20AC;&#x153;Regole tecniche in materia di generazione, apposizione e verifica delle firme elettroniche avanzate, qualificate e digitali, ai sensi degli articoli 20, comma 3, 24, comma 4, 28, comma 3, 32, comma 3, lettera b), 35, comma 2, 36, comma 2, e 71.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x201C; d.P.C.m. del 22 febbraio 2013 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Regole tecniche in materia di generazione, apposizione e verifica

â&#x20AC;&#x201C;

delle firme elettroniche avanzate, qualificate e digitali. Delibera CNIPA del 21 maggio 2009, n. 45 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Regole per il riconoscimento e la verifica del documento informatico, e successiva modificata DigitPA del 28 luglio 2010, n. 69 Legge del 28 gennaio 2009, n. 2 di conversione del D.L. 29 novembre 2008, n. 185 (artt. 16 e 16bis) che rende obbligatorio lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso della Posta Elettronica Certificata per le Aziende e i Professionisti. Il Decreto Legislativo del 4 Aprile 2006 n. 159. Disposizioni integrative e correttive al D.Lgs. del 7 marzo 2005 n. 82 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Codice dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Amministrazione Digitaleâ&#x20AC;? (CAD) che raccoglie e coordina una serie di norme eterogenee che riguardano lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso delle tecnologie dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;informazione nella pubblica amministrazione. DPR Repubblica 11 febbraio 2005, n. 68 - Regolamento recante disposizioni per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;utilizzo della posta elettronica certificata, a norma dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;articolo 27 della legge 16 gennaio 2003, n. 3. Decreto Ministeriale 2 novembre 2005 - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Regole tecniche per la formazione, la trasmissione e la validazione, anche temporale, della posta elettronica certificataâ&#x20AC;?.

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Tabella 1 - Coefficienti parziali R per le verifiche agli stati limite ultimi STR e GEO di muri di sostegno (tab. 6.5.I NTC2008) VeriďŹ ca

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R1)

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R2)

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R3)

.H?HBJE+ ?GDEHFEI @ICCH <GF@H;JGFI

2 $ 5:/

2 $ 5:

BGDDJ=IFEG

2 $ 5:/

2 $ 5:5

2IAJAEIF;H @IC EIDDIFG H 7HCCI

2 $ 5:/

2 $ 5:

Tabella 2 - Coefficienti parziali R per le verifiche agli stati limite ultimi di fondazioni superficiali (tab. 6.4.I NTC2008) VeriďŹ ca .H?HBJE+ ?GDEHFEI BGDDJ=IFEG

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R1) 2 $ 5:/

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R2) 2 $ 5:

CoefďŹ ciente parziale (R3) 2 $ -:

2 $ 5:/

2 $ 5:5

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Fonte: elaborazione CRESME Demo/SI su dati ISTAT

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J;?CH , Costi relativi ad interventi finanziati a valle di eventi di dissesto idrogeologico e terremoti nel periodo 19442012. Fonte: Rapporto “Terra e sviluppo. Decalogo della Terra 2010 – Rapporto sullo stato del territorio italiano” (Consiglio Nazionale Geologi in collaborazione con CRESME integrati con dati provenienti dal Dipartimento della Protezione Civile e dal MATTM).

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J;?CH + Numero di interventi totali confrontato con il numero di interventi ultimati per anno periodo (1999-2014) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ReNDiS (Repertorio Nazionale degli interventi per la Difesa del Suolo)

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â&#x2013; Interventi antierosivi di rivestimento

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'QDFJO Gradonate vive su versante in Loc. S. Caterina Val Canale (UD)

'QDFJO Gradonate vive, canaletta con graticciata presso metanodotto Malborghetto-Bordano (UD) (2002)

'QDFJO Palificata viva su versante Colle Melfa (FR) (marzo 2001)

'QDFJO Gradonate vive, canaletta con graticciata presso metanodotto Malborghettoâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Bordano (UD), quattro anni dopo (2006)

'QDFJO 3 Interventi come da foto precedente a distanza di un anno (maggio 2002)

'QDFJO Dune protette da schermi frangivento lineari alla foce del Coghinas (2005)

'QDFJO 21 Grata viva a Cadibona (SV), lungo la linea FS Genova-Torino (1994)

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â&#x2013; Interventi combinati di consolidamento

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Quaderno

IL VALORE CAUZIONALE NELLE VALUTAZIONI DEGLI IMMOBILI PER LA CONCESSIONE DEL CREDITO a cura di 4C82 2 4H<<FAGHDDE commissione 1>BG;E G;;E5GDGFAH visto da: 4C82 2 HBBG 4C82 2 $=AFBEDE 4C82 2 $G;F

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9GFAH GD <AE?H>>E CEA;FBG9E GCBHAAEBBE @FDD0 &42

Il valore cauzionale 1) definizione CH?H>>FAGE EAF AG<EABFAH DF @H(CG:GECH =CFCG7 ;H;HCBH F??HBBFBF @HD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH6 ?E> ?E;H H;HA8H @F8DG =DBG;G F88GEACF;HCBG @H8DG >BFC@FA@ GCBHACF:GECFDG GC ;FBHAGF @G 9FD=BF:GECG G;;E5GDGFAG 4 International Valuation Standards H@ 1 European Valuation Standards H AG<AH>F GCBH8AFD;HCBH CH8DG >BFC@FA@ CF:GECFDG HDF5EAFBG @F H?CE5EA>F <HA GD ;HA?F7 BE GBFDGFCE 2 FDH @H(CG:GECH #6 @G /FBBE6 '=HDDF ?ECBHC=BF CHDDF *GAHBBG9F -.. $1 ?3H6 AG7 8=FA@E FD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH6 G9G @HCE;GCFBE valore del credito ipotecario6 ?E> >G H><AG;H Per ÂŤvalore del credito ipotecarioÂť si intende il valore dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;immobile quale determinato in base ad un prudente apprezzamento della futura negoziabilitĂ dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;immobile stesso, tenuto conto degli aspetti durevoli a lungo termine dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;immobile, delle condizioni normali e locali del mercato, dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso corrente dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;immobile e dei suoi appropriati usi alternativi. Nella stima del valore del credito ipotecario non possono intervenire considerazioni di carattere speculativo. Il valore del credito ipotecario Ă¨ documentato in modo chiaro e trasparente. =BGDH F '=H>BE <=CBE AG<AE<EAAH6 FC?EA?3 5HC CEBF FG BH?CG?G 9FD=BFBEAG6 DF @H(CG:GECH @G 9FDEAH @G ;HA?FBE6 FD (CH @G <EBHA ;H8DGE F<<AH::FAH DH <FABG?EDFAGB ?3H ?ECBAF@@G>BGC8=ECE GD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH H ?3H >ECE E88HBBE @HD <FAF8AF/E

G8=AF ) Bruxelles, la sede del Parlamento Europeo

?3H >H8=H2 +F @H(CG:GECH @G 9FDEAH @G ;HA?FBE >H?EC@E 8DG >BFC@FA@ GCBHACF:GECFDG # DF >H8=HCBH Il valore di mercato Ă¨ lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ammontare stimato per il quale un determinato immobile puĂ˛ essere compravenduto alla data della valutazione tra un acquirente e un venditore, essendo entrambi i soggetti non condizionati, indipendenti e con interessi opposti, dopo unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;adeguata attivitĂ di marketing durante la quale entrambe le parti hanno agito con eguale capacitĂ , con prudenza e senza alcuna costrizione.

2) caratteristiche G;<EABFCBH6 FG (CG @HDDF /EA;=DF:GECH @G =C0G<E7 BH>G @G <AE?H@G;HCBE 9FD=BFBG9E6 H9G@HC:GFAH DH <AGC?G<FDG ?FAFBBHAG>BG?3H @HD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH2 HA /FA ?G >ECE @0F=>GDGE G ?3GFAG;HCBG H DH <AH7 ?G>F:GECG GC ;HAGBE ?ECBHC=BH GC B=BBG G BH>BG (C '=G ?GBFBG6 ?3H <HA ?E;E@GB @0=>E 9HC8ECE AGH7 <GDE8FBH '=G @G >H8=GBE6 AG;FC@FC@E FDDF 5G5DGE7 8AF(F <HA 8DG H9HCB=FDG F<<AE/EC@G;HCBG2 +H <AGC?G<FDG ?FAFBBHAG>BG?3H @F H9G@HC:GFAH >E7 CE DH >H8=HCBG GD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH # @G9HA>E @FD 9FDEAH @G ;HA?FBE GD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH # 5F>FBE >=D 9FDEAH @G ;HA?FBE ;F CEC <= H>>HAH @H@EBBE @F '=H>BE ;H@GFCBH =CF >H;<DG?H @H?=ABF:GE7 CH <HA?HCB=FDH GD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH CEC <= /EC@FA>G >=DDH '=EBF:GECG G;;E5GDGFAG BF5HDDFAG H >=G <AH::G @G DG>BGCE @HDDH G;<AH>H H @HDDH F8HC:GH @G GC7 BHA;H@GF:GECH

Figura 2: Gli standard di valutazione internazionali pubblicati dal IVSC â&#x20AC;&#x201C; International Valuation Standard Council nel 2013

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Figura 3: Gli standard di valutazione europei pubblicati dal TEGoVA â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The European Group of Valuersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Associations nel 2012

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Figura 4: Gli standard di valutazione italiani pubblicati da Tecnoborsa nel 2011

DH 9GHCH =>FBE D0F?AECG;E + esistono notevoli differenze tra il valore di mercato e il MLV: il primo Ă¨ riconosciuto a livello internazionale ai fini della determinazione del valore di un immobile in un momento determinato. Il valore di mercato stima il prezzo che si puĂ˛ ottenere per un immobile alla data di valutazione, a prescindere dal fatto che tale valore possa variare molto rapidamente e non essere piĂš valido. Al contrario, lo scopo del MLV Ă¨ fornire un valore sostenibile a lungo termine, che consideri lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;adeguatezza di un immobile a essere usato come garanzia per un prestito ipotecario, indipendentemente dalle future fluttuazioni del mercato e su una base piĂš stabile. Il MLV indica un importo di solito inferiore al valore di mercato e quindi in grado di assorbire le fluttuazioni a breve termine, allo stesso tempo rispecchiandone con precisione il trend a lungo termine di fondo. *F '=FCBE >E<AF >G @H@=?H ?3H6 <HA GD ?FD?EDE @HD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH6 # CH?H>>FAGE @G><EAAH @G =CF ?ECE>?HC:F @HDDH 9FAGF:GECG @HD ;HA?FBE G;;E5GDGFAH @HD >H8;HCBE ?=G F<<FABGHCH D0G;7 ;E5GDH @F <EAAH GC 8FAFC:GF ?3H <HA;HBBF @G GC7 @G9G@=FAH =CF BHC@HC:F @G D=C8E <HAGE@E2 4D >H?EC@E <=CBE @F F<<AE/EC@GAH AG8=FA@F G ;HBE@G @G 9FD=BF:GECH @F =BGDG::FAH <HA GD ?FD?EDE @HD 9FDEAH ?F=:GECFDH6 ?3H AG>=DBFCE H>>HAH (8DG @HG BAH F<<AE??G BAF@G:GECFDG GD market approach E F<<AE??GE @HD ;HA?FBE D0income approach E F<<AE??GE AH@@GB=FDH

Figura 5: Grafico dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;andamento dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;IPAB â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Indice dei Prezzi delle Abitazioni per il periodo 2011 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2014 redatto dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ISTAT su base nazionale

Figura 6: Linee guida per la valutazione degli immobili ai fini della concessione del credito redatte dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ABI â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Associazione Bancaria Italiana

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GD cost approach E F<<AE??GE @HD ?E>BE2 4C <FABG?EDFAH6 <HA D0F<<AE??GE @HD ;HA?FBE # AG7 <EABFBE GD ;HBE@E @HDDF ?E;<FAF:GECH2 EG?3

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Conclusioni G8=AF Schema grafico dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;MCA â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Market Comparison Approach

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IN VISTA DEL SEMINARIO NAZIONALE SUL PARCO TECNOLOGICO: APPROFONDIMENTI TECNICI CHE SI AUSPICA VENGANO ILLUSTRATI IN QUELLA SEDE

a cura di commissione

Questo articolo riporta alcuni elementi conoscitivi e riflessioni elaborate allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interno della Commissione Gestione Impianti Nucleari dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ordine degli Ingegneri della Provincia di Roma sul deposito nazionale per rifiuti radioattivi. Pur essendo presenti, allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interno della Commissione, professionalitĂ e informazioni tali da disporre di un quadro abbastanza completo sulla situazione attuale, si Ă¨ ritenuto utile presentare, in una forma per quanto possibile scevra da tecnicismi, alcune questioni che, per il particolare rilievo, si ritiene meritino un adeguato approfondimento nel corso del seminario nazionale

Introduzione 6 " S !T!!

!T # " # #

" # RR#!! MT# !" !" H Deposito nazionale ; # #N ! " O" ! # # #! K#R "! > Q # # # L #RT ! " !# ! "RR # PT ! P # "RR "! # # NT! " "!! <Q # # " TS # Parco tecnologico H !# " " " #Q ! # " # ! Q " # T # ! !T #

# # !"S # ;" ! : # !# K< " " # # # # ! R L !"! # #! K#R "! Q " O" ! 4Q # # # # " R T " T # " "S " # # O" P ! # MT" #Q ! " O" ! Q # " @approfonditi tutti gli aspetti tecnici relativi al Parco Tecnologico, con particolare riferimento alla piena e puntuale rispondenza delle aree individuate, ai requisiti dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;AIEA e dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Agenzia1 ed agli aspetti connessi alla sicurezza dei lavoratori, della popolazione e dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambiente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

MT# !" !" !# ! !# "S " # # Q " ! " #Q MT# #T # R#Q " # ! T # ! " ! Q # O" S # !" " " ! " # !# R # MT# !" ! R " "! #F ! "!!" "! # # " T "! !# # " R" " ! # T # # # "! T #SS" # !#S # " # " "S " !!" # " " "! Q # " !# # #MT ! !# Q # O" ! "! R #MT ! ! R# ! " # ! !TS "S " # "R # "! " "! " R# # " "!! !L MT# !# "!# # 6 " " P # # !" " # " !L # # # " # T!# # #

R " ! TS #Q # # S # "!! " S # #R " ! T #" KO" "!! !L

SS"!# " " ! TS # # I" # R ! !T # T " PT " " # # # ! # T ! " # # ! # S# ! " R# # "S Q # ! ! " # # # ! # # S# # !L ! " T " ! T #" # # T # ! NT! " "!! K# " T!"S # !# MT# !" !" # " " "

# ! # T " # ! " # O PP #!! ! PT # " " #" SS"S # T " P # !# " # # " " #"S # # R # # I"# # # " #" SS"S # T O # " # # " " # # R S P R#R # # #R . MT" # " # !# " # # " R T# S" # # " " #RT"!" !# # # !T!!# # R # " ! # R#!! ; # R R#R # '< K" ! " " # S" # " " #SS" #" # R S # #" SS" # T !# ! " # # O # # #R "!! # " " ! ! !# "R

Approfondimenti attesi # " "S " # T8 "

# # !" # T O " # " ! " # !# # " !# # # ! ! " " #!L " "!" # " #" SS"S # # # ! "S " # # " !"! !# # # # ! " " K#RR#Q T

# R # ! MT# ! T ! H " N "! " " R " MT" #Q ! # " R" SS" # # " Q H " "!" " T # # @diffuse e capillari campagne di informazione e comunicazione alla popolazione in ordine alle attivitĂ da essa svolte? I# T #!! # # N " # R # ! # # " ! "T "Q !T!! T8 # # # !"! R L #S "! F 8 # " " T # "! #MT P ! " T " T N # !# "!T "S # # R#!! # " P !L S #!! " # MT" O # RR#!! !# S T8 " # # T "R # # "!! " #PP#Q MT Q MT" ! " T! # # # # "

# "! T R !# # "!!# # # O" P ! # # " "R # T "S # # " S # # R ! T # ! # !# # T! SS" #Q " # " " T # # # " # #R !" " !# "S " Q # R # ! # # " ! !# # "!# # # # " #Q # " #!!" " !"! " R #

# # # " R" SS"! " OJ # #R R#R # # " I " " @KO R# R # # # # "!! !L T #" = !"! Q #!! # # ! !L? Q " R " # " #R " "! T P # " #R"! " " # #S # # T #R # "! # R "!! !L "!# # T #" Q RR#!! #R T S #R"! " # # S" # # " ! # " ! "T " # ! N "!# # # " ! " Q # # R "! # # O"T! !L 6Q # #!! " # !#Q T # # ! # #Q # R P " # " " #R T S # # " !" # # # " # !# P # Q

J K KK I JC JG

# # ! T # T " # #R # "! # RR#!! !"! "!" "T! # #SS" # #!# S" !# " MT" "! Q # #R " # !" # R" SS" " "!# " # R " #!! !# # #Q H

T!! ! " ! "! # # T

# O !# # ! "! T # # R" SS"S 2T #RT ! " # # # !

â&#x2013; Norme di riferimento

KR > DD: # "!!T" #!! # # O T "! "!# # " # # # # " " S SS" ! Q " T #SS" T #" #Q NT! " "!! # K" K#RR# 5 > : "! N " " # S # R T !" T " T #SS" # " R# ! # # PT ! P # # "T ! # # NT! " "!! KR > # "Q ! " O" ! Q !# ! "RR # # NT! " "!! K B:> B H !"! # # "!!T"S # # " #!! " T "! # "! " " " R# ! # T " # # "P # # PT ! P # # "T ! # # NT! " "!! K" T " # " # O I 3 # D54 # R " # !" " @R# ! # # NT! " "!! ? K" T " # " # O I D #N # @ !# # " " SS"S # T " ! " ! # ! T # N " # NT! " "!! " P" " # # " "!! !L? ! # # !# # # # !

" # !# MT# # # # # " " T " "!# " 6 # # " !! #" # # MT# ! # # # # # ! H " "!! # "T ! Q MT" ! # # "S # " " #!! MT" "

# T " C Q " !#S # N "Q # " " RT" #Q " # "P !L #Q # #R " # !"S #R # ! " # # # R" SS"S ! !# ! "

â&#x2013; Istituzioni ed enti coinvolti

G !# # T

# "

! T R" # # #! " SS"S # # # ! Q # ! G !# # O" P # !# # # " !T!# " # !# ! # # " # # # G !# # # " ! T!!T # # # ! "

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"P !LQ " " #RT# !# # ! N "S # #R T N # ! Q H !"!" " "!" T " "S # !" # " !! SS" # # # # !" " " T " # T # N " # # # " # # T T # # N # !# T

# "! F E R # ! # ! " " #" SS"S # " ! !# " # " " #RT" !" # !# "! # !" " " T " # ! T!!T # # #!# S# " #RT"!# # " T S #Q # P # #Q # # T R !# #F " ! " #Q " " " R" SS"! " #PP# # # # #R"!" " # !# " !# # N # S" # "!" " N "S # # # "!!

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"!! " R K" " !" "! Q " # # !T" # # " " T ! # "!# "! # #! " #RT"! # " " T!"S # # # # !#SS# " T MT#R " #!! # #

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lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;autonomia organizzativa, il meccanismo del â&#x20AC;&#x153;reverse chargeâ&#x20AC;? non deve essere applicatoâ&#x20AC;?; %+ + 4'-0 0-+.0 !C7 *) @ID *)7) 7*)) â&#x20AC;&#x153; ... solo noleggio del proprio mezzo guidato da un proprio dipendente trattasi, secondo la qualificazione eseguita dalla giurisprudenza di questa Corte, del c.d. Nolo a caldo che secondo la giurisprudenza di questa Corte (vedi per tutte Cass. Sent. 39913 del 2005) Ă¨ costituito dalla concessione in uso di macchinari e la fornitura di personale specializzato per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso dello stesso. Ă&#x2C6; quindi un contratto innominato caratterizzato da una prestazione principale, avente ad oggetto la locazione o il c.d. noleggio di un macchinario e da una accessoria rappresentata dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;attivitĂ del soggetto addetto. Tale contratto, qualora i lavori non superino una determinata percentuale, non comporta neppure la violazione del divieto di subappalto di cui alla Legge 13.09.1982, n. 646, art. 21#7 ,H?FB@HG<F GC?8I HD :H ?HEGEF HCEIB>IDDF >FAEF @GD "%FCAH:DHF -G;HFCGDI @IDD3'B@HCI @IH %FC6 A=DICEH @ID .G9FBF# GDDG /HBI;HFCI :ICIBGDI >IB D3+EEH9HE 4A>IEEH9G @ID HCHAEIBF @ID .G9FBF I @IDDI FDHEH?8I AF?HGDH !4CEIB>IDDF )* *)(* 5 HC <IBHEF GDDG ?FBBIEEG HCEIB>BIEG;HFCI @IDD3GBE7 5 ?F<<G * 5 @ID /7.7 C7 ** *)) !?FC97 @G .7 C7 * *)) 5 ?FC?IBCICEI DG BIA>FCAG1HDHE AFDH6

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@GDI @IDD3G>>GDEGEFBI I @I:DH I9ICE=GDH A=1G>6 >GDEGEFBH >IB HD 9IBAG<ICEF @IDDI BHEIC=EI 2HA?GDH I @IH ?FCEBH1=EH >BI9H@IC;HGDH I@ GAAH?=BGEH9H @IH @H>IC@ICEH H<>HI:GEH CIDD3IAI?=;HFCI @IH DG9FBH7 ,H?I9IC@F ?FFAEG â&#x20AC;? [omissi] - La giurisprudenza ha, inoltre, evidenziato quali siano gli elementi utili ai fini della qualificazione della fattispecie concreta in termini di nolo a caldo, nonchĂŠ la differenza esistente, a prescindere dal nomen iuris attribuito dalle parti al rapporto negoziale, tra questâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ultima e gli schemi contrattuali dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appalto e del subappalto (artt. 1655 c.c. e ss.). Nello specifico, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltatore e lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;eventuale subappaltatore si obbligano nei confronti del committente al compimento di unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera ovvero alla prestazione di un servizio, organizzando i mezzi di produzione e lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;attivitĂ lavorativa per il raggiungimento di un risultato produttivo autonomo. Diversamente, nel nolo il locatore mette a disposizione solo il macchinario ed, eventualmente, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;addetto al suo utilizzo, senza alcuna ingerenza nella attivitĂ produttiva e nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;organizzazione aziendale del noleggiatore. La distinzione operata dalla giurisprudenza, sia pure ai fini della corretta applicazione delle tutele prevenzionistiche di cui al D.Lgs. n. 81/2008, trova conferma nelle disposizioni normative contenute nel D.Lgs. n. 163/2006, concernenti la disciplina regolatoria in materia di contratti pubblici. Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art. 118 del D.Lgs. citato contempla, infatti, uno specifico regime autorizzatorio per i contratti di subappalto in senso stretto, intesi quali contratti derivati in virtĂš dei quali lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltatore affida a terzi lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;esecuzione, in tutto od in parte, del servizio assunto.

La disposizione prevede altresĂŹ, al comma 11, in relazione alle altre categorie di subcontratti â&#x20AC;&#x201C; aventi ad oggetto attivitĂ ovunque espletate che richiedono lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impiego di manodopera, quali forniture con posa in opera e noli a caldo â&#x20AC;&#x201C; lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;applicazione della medesima disciplina autorizzatoria del subappalto se ricorrano determinati presupposti, ossia il contratto sia di importo superiore al 2% del valore delle prestazioni affidate o a 100.000 euro e lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;incidenza del costo della manodopera e del personale sia superiore al 50% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo del contratto da affidareâ&#x20AC;?. /G &=GCEF AF>BG I<IB:I ?8I DG @HA?H>DHCG HC <GEIBHG @H BIA>FCAG1HDHE "/+,'.+- - ,'-*)- -*)- +-!.). .++. ,! %. '-++ .##.+)/ - */* . -++. '-+ */+/ . $.+'/ !2IBGEFDF:H?8I @H =EHDH;;F @H EGDI =DEH<F AEB=<ICEF ?FCEBGEE=GDI 5 AI11ICI CFC >FAAG AFEEG?IBAH =C H<>FBEGCEI HC@HBH;;F :H=BHA>B=@IC;HGDI 9FDEF G HCEIB>BIEGBI HD ?F<>DIAAH9F &=G@BF CFB<GEH9F CID AICAF @H =CG IAEICAHFCI &=GCEF >H G<>HG >FAAH1HDI @ID BI:HIB H DG9FBGEFBH HCEIBIAAGEH7 PiĂš in particolare si ricordano le argomentazioni sostenute dalla Corte di Cassazione con la sentenza n. 6208/2008 che non ha escluso la possibilitĂ di applicare la solidarietĂ nei rapporti tra un consorzio e imprese consorziate assegnatarie dei lavori sia pur in assenza di un vero e proprio contratto di subappalto. Nello specifico la Suprema Corte, nel richiamare lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art. 141, comma 4, D.P.R. n. 554/1999, in virtĂš del quale " ! !" " ! ! " ! "! " ! " " ! , ha affermato che lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;intenzione del Legislatore, secondo unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interpretazione in chiave sistematica, non Ă¨ stata quella di esclu-

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(*(

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dere le speciali e necessarie tutele previste a favore dei lavoratori contemplate dalla disciplina civilistica dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appalto ovvero del subappalto (cfr. art. 1676 c.c.). Da ciĂ˛ sembrerebbe evincersi che, in tali ipotesi, sia comunque possibile applicare garanzie di carattere sostanziale a tutela della persona che lavora, prevalendo queste ultime sui profili afferenti alla qualificazione giuridica di tipo formale in merito alla natura del negozio di affidamento dei lavori. Sullo stesso tenore si segnala anche una successiva sentenza di merito secondo cui â&#x20AC;&#x153;la fattispecie del nolo a caldo e dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appalto dei servizi possono essere assimilate, sussistendo la stessa ratio di tutela del lavoratore dipendente dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impresa effettivamente operanteâ&#x20AC;? (Trib. Bologna, 22 novembre 2009). 0@ DG AEIAAG ex A.V.C.P. che nella DETERMINAZIONE n. 6/2003 del 27 febbraio 2003 " =16G22H@G<ICEH CFC &=GDH2H?G1HDH ?F6 >GDEH5 GH AICAH @IDD3GBE7( 5 ?F<<G (*5 @IDDG DI:6 :I ( <GB;F ( )5 C7 6 G?FDE @H ?FCEBFDDF IAIB?HEG1HDH @GDDG AEG;HFCI G>>GDEGCEI# ?HEG â&#x20AC;&#x153; [omissis] prima di esaminare la portata delle variazioni introdotte dalla legge n.166/02, appare opportuno richiamare il contenuto dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.18, comma 12, della legge n. 55/90 e s. m., laddove si chiarisce che â&#x20AC;&#x153; " " " ! ! ! ! " " ! " " ! ! ! " " !

! ! ! ! " "! " "! " ! " ! " ! " ! ! " " , se singolarmente di importo superiore al 2 per cento dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo dei lavori affidati o di importo superiore a 100.000 ECU e qualora lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;incidenza del costo della manodopera e del personale sia superiore al 50 per cento dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo del contratto da affidareâ&#x20AC;?. A questa disposizione si Ă¨ ricollegato lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.141, comma 5, del D.P.R. 21 dicembre 1999 n. 554, per precisare che â&#x20AC;&#x153;le attivitĂ ovunque espletate ai sensi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;articolo 18, comma 12, della legge 19 marzo 1990, n. 55, sono quelle poste in essere nel cantiere cui si riferisce lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltoâ&#x20AC;?. Il testo del suddetto comma 12 si Ă¨ tuttavia prestato alla seguente duplice interpretazione, per quanto concerne lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;estensione dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambito applicativo: 1) qualsiasi sub-affidamento di valore contenuto entro le soglie (percentuali o in valore assoluto) indicate dalla legge n. 55/90 e s. m. non va considerato subappalto e non Ă¨ quindi sottoposto al regime di autorizzazione; 2) i soli sub-affidamenti relativi a prestazioni non qualificabili come lavori sono sottratti alla disciplina che regola il subappalto, purchĂŠ di incidenza inferiore alle predette soglie. Nella prima delle due interpretazioni â&#x20AC;&#x201C; che Ă¨ risultata in questi anni ampiamente condivisa

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dalle stazioni appaltanti e dalle imprese appaltatrici â&#x20AC;&#x201C; tutti i sub-contratti per i quali non sussisteva la concorrenza delle condizioni anzidette erano svincolati dalla disciplina autorizzatoria del subappalto, descritta nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.18, commi 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 e 9 della legge n. 55/90 e s. m., risultando unicamente necessario lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;obbligo di comunicazione alla stazione appaltante, ai sensi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ultimo periodo del comma 12 del predetto articolo. Riferendosi invece alla seconda interpretazione, va richiamato qui quanto giĂ affermato da questa AutoritĂ nella determinazione n. 12/2001, laddove si specificava che mentre i commi da uno ad undici ed i commi tredici e quattordici dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.18 della legge n. 55/90 e s. m. â&#x20AC;&#x153;contengono le disposizioni da applicarsi per il subappalto delle prestazioni che sono qualificate come lavoriâ&#x20AC;?, il comma dodici â&#x20AC;&#x153;opera una definizione legale del subappaltoâ&#x20AC;?, estendendo le garanzie previste per i lavori a quei â&#x20AC;&#x153;sub-contratti relativi a prestazioni che non sono lavori ma prevedono lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impiego di mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera, come quelli di fornitura con posa in opera e di nolo a caldoâ&#x20AC;?, nel caso in cui tali sub-contratti avessero assunto unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;incidenza percentuale superiore a quella precisata nella norma ed un costo della mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera, espletata in cantiere, superiore al 50% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo del sub-contratto. Come appare evidente, fra le due interpretazioni possibili della norma in questione vi era spazio per una divergenza sostanziale, concernente lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;estensione (o meno) della disciplina autorizzatoria al singolo subappalto di lavori, se di importo complessivo non superiore alle soglie percentuali indicate dalla legge. A fronte di questo possibile duplice quadro interpretativo, con lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;entrata in vigore della legge n. 166/02 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; pubblicata sul supplemento ordinario alla G.U. n.181 del 3 agosto 2002 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ă¨ intervenuta una significativa innovazione nella suddetta materia, stante il tenore dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.7, comma 3, che introduce una variazione allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.18, comma 9 della legge n. 55/90 e s. m., sotto forma di aggiunta del seguente periodo: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Per i subappalti o cottimi di importo inferiore al 2 per cento dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo dei lavori affidati o di importo inferiore a 100.00 euro, i termini per il rilascio dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;autorizzazione da parte della stazione appaltanteâ&#x20AC;?. Va inoltre aggiunto che tale variazione non Ă¨ stata accompagnata da alcuna modifica del successivo comma 12 del medesimo art.18, il quale sottrae alla definizione stessa di subappalto (e quindi al regime di autorizzazione) â&#x20AC;&#x153;qualsiasi contratto avente ad oggetto attivitĂ ovunque espletate che richiedono lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impiego di manodopera, quali le forniture con posa in opera e i noli a caldoâ&#x20AC;?, purchĂŠ di inci-

denza non superiore al 2 % dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo dei lavori affidati o â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in valore assoluto â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a 100.000 euro, oppure, qualora di incidenza superiore a tali soglie, il peso della mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera sia non superiore al 50% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo totale del contratto. Prescindendo dal congetturare eventuali antitesi contenute nel testo di legge o dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;invocare lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;implicita abrogazione di una norma precedente, resa incompatibile per effetto di quella sopravvenuta, deve invece trarsi dalle considerazioni esposte un convincimento rafforzato circa la validitĂ di quanto ritenuto nella citata determinazione n. 12/2001, che Ă¨ stato poi ulteriormente ribadito al punto N) della recente determinazione n. 27/2002, recante â&#x20AC;&#x153;Prime indicazioni sulla applicazione della legge 1 agosto 2002 n.166â&#x20AC;?. In questâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ultima pronuncia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; rispondendo ad un quesito circa il rapporto fra i commi 9 e 12 della legge n. 55/90 e s. m., per effetto della disposizione inserita dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.7, comma 3, della legge n. 166/02 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ă¨ stato ribadito che il comma 12 riguarda i cosiddetti contratti similari (cioĂ¨ quei sub-affidamenti relativi a prestazioni che non sono lavori ma prevedono lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impiego di mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera, come nel caso della fornitura con posa in opera e dei noli a caldo), in relazione ai quali vengono stabilite le soglie economiche per considerarli equiparati ai subappalti di lavori ed assoggettarli â&#x20AC;&#x201C; conseguentemente â&#x20AC;&#x201C; alla medesima disciplina. Si Ă¨ affermato perciĂ˛ che â&#x20AC;&#x153;la nuova disciplina riguarda esclusivamente il subappalto o i cottimi relativi alle prestazioni da qualificarsi come lavori e, quindi, nessuna variazione Ă¨ stata apportata alle disposizioni in materia dei cosiddetti contratti similariâ&#x20AC;?. In definitiva, per effetto dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;innovazione introdotta dal legislatore, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;unica interpretazione logica della norma in questione porta a ritenere â&#x20AC;&#x201C; oltre ogni ragionevole dubbio â&#x20AC;&#x201C; che ! ! ! ! ! " ! " ! " " " ! " " " " " ! " " " ! " " ! ! " ! ! ! ! " ! ! se non inteso come circoscritto

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allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;abbreviazione dei tempi connessi agli adempimenti di competenza della stazione appaltante. Viceversa, stando allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interpretazione alternativa secondo cui â&#x20AC;&#x201C; al di sotto di certi limiti economici â&#x20AC;&#x201C; lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;esecuzione di qualsivoglia subappalto viene sottratto alla preventiva autorizzazione, risulterebbero ancora piĂš fondate quelle perplessitĂ , frequentemente espresse in autorevoli commenti, circa il ! " " " ! " ! ! ! ! " " " " " " " ! " In base alle suddette considerazioni lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ultimo periodo del punto N) della determinazione n. 27/2002 va interpretato nel senso che incidono sul 30% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo della categoria prevalente subappaltabile i lavori ancorchĂŠ di importo inferiore al 2% del contratto o a 100.000 euro nonchĂŠ i sub-affidamenti definiti contratti similari, cioĂ¨ quelli di fornitura e posa in opera e quelli di nolo a caldo di importo superiore al 2% o â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in valore assoluto â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a 100.000 euro, e per i quali il costo della mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera, espletata in cantiere, sia superiore al 50% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo del sub-affidamento. [omissis] Infatti, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;insussistenza dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;obbligo di autorizzazione preventiva non puĂ˛ ovviamente intendersi come assenza di qualsiasi regola e quindi di potestĂ di controllo da parte degli organi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;amministrazione, poichĂŠ â&#x20AC;&#x201C; pur mancando specifiche indicazioni normative â&#x20AC;&#x201C; deve comunque essere assicurato il rispetto dei

principi generali che regolamentano la materia, esistendo altresĂŹ specifici obblighi di legge in capo ai soggetti preposti alla conduzione dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appalto, tali da configurare indirettamente dei limiti anche nel ricorso ai sub-contratti (inerenti le forniture con posa in opera ed i noli a caldo) non classificabili come subappalti. [omissis] In particolare, qualora ci si avvalesse piĂš volte di un identico nolo a caldo nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambito dello stesso appalto e tale circostanza non fosse giustificata da fatti oggettivamente verificabili (quali ad esempio la necessitĂ di eseguire la relativa lavorazione in fasi temporali nettamente distinte â&#x20AC;&#x201C; come da previsioni del cronoprogramma allegato al contratto â&#x20AC;&#x201C; o lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;intervenuta approvazione di una perizia di variante che reintroduce, in un momento diverso e non prevedibile allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;atto della consegna dei lavori, le condizioni per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ulteriore ricorso ad un nolo a caldo di cui lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltatore si sia giĂ avvalso in precedenza), risulterebbe pienamente legittimo, se non addirittura doveroso, che lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;amministrazione appaltante, attraverso i propri organi, richiedesse allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;aggiudicatario di fornire adeguate motivazioni, accompagnate â&#x20AC;&#x201C; se del caso â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dalla produzione degli opportuni atti a corredo o dalla redazione di nuovi elaborati a modifica ed integrazione di quelli esistenti in precedenza. [omissis] Non Ă¨ infatti ipotizzabile la fattispecie di un ufficio di direzione dei lavori impossibilitato ad esercitare i numerosi controlli che la leg-

ge gli assegna in ordine alla corretta esecuzione â&#x20AC;&#x201C; quantitativa e qualitativa â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dei lavori, al rispetto dei tempi preventivati, allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;aggiornamento del cronoprogramma generale e particolareggiato, alla regolaritĂ della documentazione che testimonia il rispetto degli obblighi nei confronti dei lavoratori presenti in cantiere. Analogamente a quanto argomentato per la direzione dei lavori, non Ă¨ pensabile la figura di un coordinatore per la sicurezza in fase di esecuzione che sia di fatto limitato nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;esercizio del delicato ruolo disegnato dal D.Lgs. 14 agosto 1996 n.494 e s.m., a causa della presenza di operatori diversi â&#x20AC;&#x201C; per numero e per qualifica â&#x20AC;&#x201C; da quelli previsti nel piano di sicurezza e coordinamento, il quale ultimo potrebbe a sua volta risentire, in misura variabile, dei mutamenti generati per effetto di scelte totalmente â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;autonomeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; compiute dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;aggiudicatario. Dalle considerazioni svolte segue che: 1) omissis 2) omissis 3) omissis 4) per tutti i sub-affidamenti che non sono qualificabili subappalti ai sensi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;art.18, comma 12, della legge 19 marzo 1990, n. 55 e s. m. (cioĂ¨ per i contratti similari, aventi ad oggetto prestazioni di fornitura con posa in opera e noli a caldo, qualora non superino le soglie del 2% del contratto o a 100.000 euro o, qualora superiore a tali so-

glie, il costo delle mano dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera espletata in cantiere sia inferiore al 50% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo del subcontratto), pur in assenza di un obbligo di autorizzazione, deve comunque essere assicurato il rispetto dei principi generali che regolamentano la materia. ! " " " ! " ! " " ! ! ! " ! " ! ! " ! " ! ! !" " " ! ! " ! " ! " ! ! " ! " " " ! ! " ! ! " ! "! " " " " " ! ! " ! " ! " " ! ! ! ! ! " " " " ! " " " ! " " ! " Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;indirizzo interpretativo comune dato dalle citate sentenze e pareri, ribadisce come " " ! " " " " ! " " " ! " ! ! ! " ! ! ! " ! " " " " " ! " ! " ! ! " ! ! ! " " " " ! e cioĂ¨ lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;autonomia organizzativa, ! " " !" " " " " ! ! " " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " ! ! ! " ! " ! ! " " ! " " . Risulta quindi rilevante, ai fini che qui interessano, la distinzione tra â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;nolo a caldoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; e contratto di appalto (artt. 1655 c.c. e seguenti), dove in tale ultimo caso lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltatore si impegna con il committente a compiere unâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;opera ed a tale fine deve organizzare i suoi mezzi di produzione

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ed il lavoro; nel nolo, invece, il locatore mette solo a disposizione il macchinario ed, eventualmente, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;addetto al suo utilizzo, senza alcuna ingerenza nella attivitĂ produttiva e della sua organizzazioneâ&#x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nolo a caldo si potrebbe configurare nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;istituto del distacco BH?8HG<GEF /7.:A ( ) I A7<7H7

art. 5) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ipotesi di prestatori di lavoro nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambito di un contratto di somministrazione di lavoro di cui agli articoli 20, e seguenti, del decreto legislativo 10 settembre 2003, n. 276, e successive modificazioni, fermo restando quanto specificamente previsto dal comma 5 dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;articolo 23 del citato decreto legislativo n. 276 del 2003, tutti gli obblighi di prevenzione e protezione di cui al presente decreto sono a carico dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;utilizzatoreâ&#x20AC;?7 art. 6) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ipotesi di distacco del lavoratore di cui allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;articolo 30 del decreto legislativo 10 settembre 2003, n. 276, e successive modificazioni, tutti gli obblighi di prevenzione e protezione sono a carico del distaccatario, fatto salvo lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;obbligo a carico del distaccante di informare e formare il lavoratore sui rischi tipici generalmente connessi allo svolgimento delle mansioni per le quali egli viene distaccato....â&#x20AC;? GDI AEGEF GC?8I D3FBHICEG<ICEF @IDDG =>BI<G %FBEI5 ?8I CIDDG AICEIC;G @ID ( /4%0 ,0 *))*5 -7 ( ) 5 BIDGEH9G GH BI&=HAHAEH EH>H?H @ID6 D3G>>GDEF5 8G ?FCAH@IBGEF â&#x20AC;&#x153;.. deriva la conferma dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;orientamento della giurisprudenza della Corte secondo cui non Ă¨ lecito lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appalto il cui oggetto consista nel mettere a disposizione del committente una prestazione lavorativa, lasciando allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;appaltatore - datore di lavoro i soli compiti di gestione amministrativa del rapporto (retribuzione, assegnazione delle ferie, assicurazione della continuitĂ della prestazione mediante le opportune sostituzioni), ma senza una reale organizzazione della prestazione stessa finalizzata ad un risultato produttivo autonomoâ&#x20AC;&#x153;. H ?FCAH@IBH GC?8I DG AICEIC;G @ID $H=@H?I @ID .G9FBF @ID BH1=CGDI @H BICEF @ID * :ICCGHF *)()5 ?8I ?HEG: â&#x20AC;&#x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proprio ' ! HGCF '>IBGEH9F @H H?=BI;;G 5 >FH?8 DG AEIAAG CFC >BIAICEI ?FC DG A=G CFB6 <GDI GEEH9HE G9IC@F AI<>DH?I<ICEI "CFDGEF# DG <G??8HCG GDD3H<>BIAG ?8I AEG I22IEE=GC@F H DG6 9FBH7 =IAE3=DEH<G !D3H<>BIAG ?8I 8G >BIAF G CF6 DF D3=CH?G ?8I BHA>FC@I @IDD3F11DH:G;HFCI @H BHA=DEGEF I &=HC@H IAAG HCEI:BG HD DG9FBGEFBI &=G6 DI F>IBGEFBI @ID <I;;F CFDGEF7 .3I9H@IC;G @IDDG 9GD=EG;HFCI @IH BHA?8H I @IDDI <HA=BI @H >BI9IC6 ;HFCI I >BFEI;HFCI @IDDG 2GAI @H DG9FBF @IDD3GE6

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