Jonathon Howard (2016) the guild of the knockers through by Oscar Brito

THE CONTEMPORARY GUILD OF THE KNOCKERS-THROUGH The concept of hospitality is engraved within the English countryside. The traditional bed and breakfast is very much a part of the hospitality business as tourists seek to gain an individual and unique living experience, whilst living among the lives of those who offer up their home, their food and hospitality. Through history, Margate has experienced a flux in tourism as preconceptions of the ‘Classic beach side resort holiday’ have inconsistently changed. Yet what remains the same are the businesses that have to cope with this flux of tourism through years of ‘drought’ and seasonality. During the 20th century, Margate’s hotel and boarding association was established which saw a host of hotels; bed and breakfasts and boarding houses proudly display plaques evidencing their cooperation and collaboration with each other. This was described by a local historian, Alfred Beeching, as ‘a band of brothers’ (Beeching, 2015) which lead to a natural and sustainable collaboration between the community as they all helped each other in times of need. Yet this association didn’t last as tourists took to holidays far beyond Britain as enhanced transport links were established, ultimately rendering the proud number of hospitality businesses the association had under their belt as useless, as they closed down one by one. This is evidenced by the memory of the previously grade I listed Fort Road Hotel sitting ominously on the top of the Fort Hill – a building standing as a memory of the past’s most prolifically dominated industry. This remnant of Margate’s past especially should be cherished as the Grade listing of the building was rescinded in 2014 due to a lack of potential investment seemingly leaving the site as valueless; it is under a huge threat of being demolished. The area surrounding the site is also under-developed and can be viewed as an eyesore, as it sits firmly between two residential areas in the centre of old town. Nevertheless, the influx of Londoners appearing in Margate, suggests that the attraction has rekindled. An interview conducted by myself proves this fact as the owner of the Warwick House, the leading B&B in Margate, states: “The first thing is that we knew that there was going to be a high-speed link. So we knew that eventually even if nothing else happened this town would be much closer in terms of time to London and therefore eventually there would be some spill over from that, and we also hoped that the turner gallery would come and be set up here. The thing that really changed it was that once the turner was established, there was a hotel that opened in town called the sans, and between the turner and the sans, it really drove development” The owners moved to Margate with the prospects of development in mind, and thus set up their own business that would tap into and make use of the predicted influx of tourism. Yet the business of a B&B were only developed under the stipulation that they didn’t have to pay for a mortgage, and that they could do up a property in a much less expensive manner. These types of people are referred to as the ‘knockers through’ according to M. Thompson’s theory of rubbish in which the name is given to those who literally ‘knock through’ buildings in order to increase the buildings perceived social value – mostly associated especially within Thompson’s theories with the typical Georgian house within London as it’s perceived value has increased over time. The proposal seeks to set up a ‘guild’ to which these new prospective Londoners can share knowledge through the renovation of these derelict properties left behind by the hospitality trade. The proposal will offer up a contemporary and feasible approach to renovating the existing derelict buildings within Margate. Thus these renovations will offer the buildings back up to the community, whilst in tern, acting as a precedent for future entrepreneurs and ‘knockers-through’s’ alike to develop their own unique solutions in tackling the derelict urban fabric of Margate, in and amongst juxtapositions of the old, new and temporary architectures.

// Rat Infested Slum or Glorious Heritage?

// “The two tribes are ‘the Knockers Through’ and ‘The Ron-and-Cliffs’. The Knockers-Through, immortalized by Alan Bennet, are often considered to be synonymous with the frontier middle class. That is not quite correct. The Knockers Through constitute only a part of the frontier middle class and there are many others, such as those who engage in meticulous but low-key restoration. However, there can be no doubt that the Knockers -Through, in their strident patronizing of their indegenous neightbours (if they have any left) and their crushing insensitivity to the cognitive boundary fences of those who still persist in distinguishing between public and private, personal and impersonal, are by far the most prominent members of their class. What is more, they are suprisingly long lived and even in the mid seventies the diligent antropologist could still occasionally experience the thrill of overhearing the classic remarks” ‘We’re knocking-through, you know’ and ‘Yes, we were the first people to come and live here’. But one can be too hard on these courageous and creative pioneers. Only ten or fiften years after the event. architectural students to whom I teach Urban Sociology will tell me that the Knockers-Through did it for the money. This is not so: they did it for the love and from a Dr Johnson-like commitment to London; and they did it with considerable odds. The tiny band who, with little money and much faith, began restoring rubbish houses in the late fifties and early sixties were ridiculed by the staid and established members of the middle class who regarded Hampstead, Highgate, and Golders Green as the only inhabitable atolls in the North London Sea of Plebs. Their attitude was reflected by bank managers, estate agents, mortgage-brokers, building societies and borough architects (not suprisingly, since they are one and the same!), and so, as anyone who has evert attempted to by a house will appreciate, a massive economic barricade was erected to keep the rubbish out: out of the durable category, that is. Their indigenous working-class neighbours were equally unsympathetic, but for different reasons. Their response was that, in buying and doing up a rubbish house, the frontiersman was throwing good money after bad: ‘They’re all coming

down, them houses’ was their endless refrain. These are the Ron-and-Cliffs: proud, competitive, working class, frequently self employed, villainous, anti-union, racially prejudiced, Conservative-voting inhabitants of rubbish or near-rubbish houses. The origin of this is not very scientific nomenclature is almost lost in the mists of unrecorded time - but not quite. The originators were two printer friends of mine who in the mid-sixties had a factory near Euston Station. The derivtion is rooted ininterminable archetypal converstations in the local pub, between young men with razor-cut hair dressed in Fred Perry shirts, fawn cable-knit cardigans with leather buttons, and large boots, which were always of the following type: ‘Hey Ron! What you doing tonight?’ ‘Well Cliff, i thought I’d go down the boozer/do an oil change on the Consul/ take the bird out down the West End’ (aside) ‘I’m sorry mate, did I spill your beer?’ ‘Sorry Ron. What was you saying?’ ‘Well Cliff . . .’ The Knockers-Thorugh and the staid established members of the middle class are united by a world view that clearly includes, and places a high value upon, the durable category, and are divided only as to what shall be included in that category. The Knockers-Through wants to get his rubbish house in: the bank manager wants to keep it out. The Ron-and-Cliff has no access to durability: he is committed to a world in which there is only transience and rubbish. In consequence he can see no future except demolition for the house has had to live in. There is a profound cultural difference which, only recognized, allows us to make sense both of the divergent behaviour of the Knocker-Through and the Ron-andCliff when faced with the same situation, and of the contradictory encodings that they make of their environment. And nowhere is this contradictory encoding more marked than in the Knockers-Through’s and Ron-and-Cliffs treatments of the front door-that secular icon of urban life.

... named so because they literally ‘Knock Through’ walls ... // The contemporary guild of the knockers through has been mostly inspired by the literature of Michael Thompson. In his book the ‘Rubbish Theory’, he highlights and emphasises on the key ‘players’ in self-build renovation which can seamingly elevate an area considered to some (with reference to the chapter in which he explains) as a ‘Rat Infested Slum’ into something that can be seen as ‘Glorious Heritage’. I am highlighted through this imagery that these key players are the base of the project - as we start with a scene of them renovating an existing property in Islington - where this story begins.

// The Knockers Through’s

// The Ron and Cliffs

(Thompson 1979, pp. 46-47)

// Arriving in Margate

// The Harbour Arm

// The Droll

// Turner Contemporary

// Fort Road Hotel // Eventual Site

MARGATE.KENT

// Location and Context n

// The Lido

// The Winter Gardens

// The Shell Groto

// North Down Rd

// Cliftonville is mostly residential, however there are still a fair few landmarks, such as the lido and winter gardens, shell grotto etc etc. // Cliftonville West

// The Beach

// The Turner Contemporary

// Arlington House

// The Harbour Arm

// Old Towne

// Dreamland

+ // Central Margate consists of multiple different landmarks. There is arlington house, the turner contemporary, dreamland, the beach, the harbour arm and old town. // Margate Central

// Margate History Document

// Pier

// Church

// Pavillion

// Town and Sea side

// Pier

// Photographs showing margate within the late 19th to early 20th century. Pictures illustrating the past landmarks and how they were used at the time. Could potentially be Margates â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;HayDayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

// Margate is located in the south-east of England. It is mostly comprised of three areas Cliftonville, Margate Central and Westbrook.

// Derelict Urban Fabric // The Ron-and-Cliff State // There are numerous amounts of properties within Margate that are derelict and Decaying. This suggests that Margate could potentially be within this â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ron-and-Cliff-Stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This list ultimately just scrapes of D the E surface RIL the current state.

I CT I O N

// 01 // The Fort Road Hotel

// 02

// 03

// The Lido

// Thanet Press Printing Works

02 // 04 // Woolworths

01 04

// 05 // CliftonVille West // This area is littered with derelict properties. From boarded up homes to boarded up shops.

// Rekindled Attraction // Emerging Knockers-Throughs // There has been an influx of Londoners appearing in Margate, suggesting that the attraction has rekindled.

01.1

rede v elo p m ent

// Untitled

// Existing Knockers Throughs in Margate

“The Reading Rooms is a luxury boutique bed and breakfast in a recently restored, Grade II listed Georgian town house in Margate, England. The Reading Rooms was awarded the prestigious 5* Gold by Quality in Tourism. The house has three expansive guest rooms, each encompassing an entire floor of the house with windows overlooking a tree lined Georgian square. Situated in Hawley Square, Margate’s finest Georgian square, The Reading Rooms is less than five minutes walk to the sea and to the historic Old Town cultural quarter.”

01.2

// Photographs of the interior

// Black Deep

// It has become apparent that Individuals in Margate are completing self build renovation projects in order to start &/or expand their businesses. // For example, The reading rooms, a 5 star Bed and Breakfast, renovated a Georgian House in Thawley Square providing visitors with a rustic/ simplistic interior. This follows a very similar story of the Knockers Through’s with the Georgian Houses within Islington.

// Doggie Apparel

// Recently, Margate has been given the name ‘Shorditch On Sea’ mainly due to the abundance of small scale vintage/ boutique stores selling niche products. // This is mostly located in Margate Central. However it has and is predicted to increase overtime - Potentials to spill out into Cliftonville West.

// The Fox & Spindle

// The beginings of a ‘Shorditch On Sea’

// Another similar story is that of the Warwick House. Which is not located in Margate Central, but within Cliftonville West.

The owner agreed about the attraction to Margate being rekindled. An interview conducted by myself proves this fact: “The first thing is that we knew that there was going to be a high-speed link. So we knew that eventually even if nothing else happened this town would be much closer in terms of time to London and therefore eventually there would be some spill over from that, and we also hoped that the turner gallery would come and be set up here. The thing that really changed it was that once the turner was established, there was a hotel that opened in town called the sans, and between the turner and the sans, it really drove development” The owners moved to Margate with the prospects of development in mind, and thus set up their own business that would tap into and make use of the predicted influx of tourism. Yet the business of a B&B were only developed under the stipulation that they didn’t have to pay for a mortgage, and that they could do up a property in a much less expensive manner.

01.1

+ // Photo of Interior - Photos taken by myself

// Vintage

// Paraphanalia

// Existing Knockers Throughs in Cliftonville

// Rekindled Attraction // Emerging Knockers-Throughs

// Is Margate in need of help from a greater influx of Knockers Throughs?

// Existing Frameworks LIVE MARGATE - Present - 2026 //Live Margate has been implimented in order to tackle this probkem within both Cliftonville west and Margate Central. It is a long term programme that involves buying existing properties and turning them into quality family homes. It aspires to make Margate a place where people want to live. // They ensure the respect of original Architecture â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;sympathetically restoring and renovating various buildings. // ÂŁ23.1m is being invested into the project including Thanet District Council, Kent County Council and the Homes of Communities Agencies. WANTS: - Increase the number of family homes - Improve Living and Housing standards - Encourage investment and owner occupation

// Map showcasing areas of interest from Live Margate

// This scheme is willing to help out any locals in to renovating/ restoring existing properties - giving an insentive. POSSIBILITIES: // Take advantage of this established framework for a similar work. Possibilities of funding certain renovations/ restorations within reason: . Seems that you must respect original architecture . Give the properties back to the community.

// Is it possible to celebrate the process of renovation? The Peckham Hotel was a short life project that lasted for 28 days. A group of architects quickly renovated a derilect home in Peckham that they turned into a pub, where they held events etc. This self build is a perfect example for the programme and users of my building, as it proves that a similar project has and can be acheived - and also opens up possibilites of fund-raising and place making, whilst the process of restoration takes place.

Phase 01

Phase 02

Phase 03

// Surveying the Site

// Constuction

// Celebrate & Give back to community

PICK YOUR SITE

// Illustrating a current condition of the building. // Current Conditions

// From listening in on the cabinets meeting, it is clear that the building has been used for fly tipping, including vandalism. This has also seen the entry of a drunk man - who fell through 3 floors but gladly lived.

// The building’s roof has resulted in the exposure of the interior. As seen in the illustration, the interior is exposed to weather elements such as rain. This has caused the building to rot inside. The building mostly comprises of brick and timber. Thus, the exposure to the rain has caused the building to become damp, therefore compromising stability of the timber - compromising the integrity of the structure. This has also resulted in the potential for the interior to grow vegetation etc. that also is compromising the structure further. Most of the interior, including the walls amd floors need to be stripped out as they are too damaged to be conserved. // This informaton has been obtained from personally visiting the site and also looking on the advertisement document provided by the council showcased earlier.

“ TO: THANET DISTRICT COUNCIL Please don’t demolish the historic seafront Fort Road Hotel in Margate and replace with social housing flats. Please continue to pursue your previous stated aim of seeking to restore the building as a hotel. Why is this important? It’s important because according to your own report in 2011: ‘The Fort Road Hotel (previously the Fort Castle Public House) is one of the last surviving buildings in the area today that the artist JMW Turner would recognise. Turner spent fifteen years ‘weekending’ in Margate with Sophia Booth (whose house was opposite) and, as a noted drinker, it seems inconceivable that he did not visit the establishment. The hotel also benefits from a fantastic position, facing the sea, overlooking (and overlooked by) the gallery. The two buildings share the same privileged view of Margate’s sunsets, that Turner declared “the loveliest in Europe”. These associations with Turner (historically with the artist and now with the gallery) give the Fort Road Hotel potentially iconic status. Furthermore, the building is well situated on the main coastal route in and out of Margate, within close proximity of the harbour area; the Old Town; and Margate High Street.’ The hotel is in a prime seafront location. It’s one of Margate’s oldest historic hotel buildings. This building restored as a hotel will create badly needed jobs in a deprived area and be a place to be proud of with a great history for visitors to enjoy.” - Louise Oldfield, active backer.

// Petition to save the Fort Road Hotel gained 1,384 signatures.

// Site Sections 1:100 - Showcasing Interior Qualities and Interior Materiality

// Illustrating a current condition of the building. // The interior is in a considerable state. Due to the damp conditions, the walls are rotten inside, as is the same with the floor. Thus, a huge amount of this will have to be removed.

// The Research Drawing // Research Drawing provided in a tube.

// Historical Context

// Current Context

// Potentials

// The Fort Road Hotel

// Analysing the Site // The surrounding Context

// NO OCCUPANCY

// COMMERCIAL

// FORT RD YARD

// RESIDENTIAL

Just like the Fort Road Hotel itself, these buildings surrounding the building are not occoupied. These buildings do not serve as a problem to future developments.

The corner directly opposite the Fort Road Hotel is home to ‘Papillon Interiors’ A privately ran business selling interesting and quirky decorative items. Any development on site shouldn’t be a problem for this location as this particular shop is quite exposed as being on a corner - thus any emposing building development shouldn’t be too much of a problem.

Next to the site is one of Margate’s junk yard’s, an interesting neighbour to have as there may be a possibilty of future collaboration with this already established infrastructure of the forgotton and thrown away.

The Fort Road Hotel has a number of residential units surrounding it. The existing building is a problem as it blocks the sun light from reaching the houses directly behind it. However, this has been a problem since the buildings behind were built.

May be beneficial to look into the history of these buildings.

PHASE 01 PICK YOUR BUILDING

Isometric overview of the site _________ 1:100

It could be interesting to look at possible ways this sun-light could potentially reach the areas that it hasn’t before through new possibilities of design.

// Analysing the Site // Site Materiality

// Pebble Dash

// Decaying Facade

// The back of the building is pebble dash, quite an interesting materiality. Commonly used on buildings such as this.

// The facade of the building is covered in weeds growing out of the cracks. These weeds are not only growing on the facade, but are also growing within the existing structure, as can be seen in the previous images.

It is also quite interesting to note that this material is only found on the back of the site - different materials have been used for different sections of the building.

// 01

// Timber // The main core structure of the building has been made out of brick (Load bearing brick walls) However, some structure, and floor joists are comprised of timber - also the boarding and distinguishment between the two different sections of the house are marked by timber.

// Site Elevation 1:100 - showcasing context and site materiality.

// Plan Locating Elevation direction & cut.

// Potential for great views of the sea - and potential for great views of the rest of Margate . The entire south side of the building is exposed which offers up the opportunity for obtaining direct sunlight.

// Analysing the Position/ Orientation

// 1:500 Context Plan

+ Car park

+ Residential

+ Garage

+ Junk Yard

+ Fort Rd. Hotel

+ Shop

+ Not occupied

+ Turner Contemporary

Droll

| D E T E R M I N E A G E VA L U E // In reference to Alois Riegl - Art Historian For Riegl, such surface stuff was not dirt but patina, a much-valued attribute of significant buildings and artistic objects. Riegl distinguished between various types of value. One of these was “historical value” , which accrues by virtue of a monument’s significance with respect to a specific historical moment to which it is linked and bears witness. All buildings, one way or other, have this attribute, but some buildings also have a little more. They have what Riegl dubbed “age value”, which accrues over time and is made visible by the presence of, amoung other things, patina. Age value, according to Reigl, has an advantage over historical value. The latter can be comprehended only by those who have precise knowledge about the monument’s place in the sweep of historical events - an academic apprehension, if you like. Age value, on the other hand, is self - evident and available to “educated and “un-educated” alike. It is, as Reigl claimed “Valid for everyone without exception” ([1903] 1996, p.74) ... Riegl’s ‘Modern Man’ does not create architecture against nature but freely gives it over to natrues “purely natural cycle of growth and decay’ As Reigl expressed it: “The reign of nature, including those destructive and disintegrative elements considered part of the constant renewal of life, is granted equal standing with the creative rule of man” ([1903] 1996, p.73). Riegl also understood that there needed to be limits set on the “reign of natural law”. Architecture was a beneficiary of those limits: “A bare, shapeless pile of stones will not.” Reigl concluded “provide the viewer with a sense of age value”. Riegl admitted decomposition but at the same time defended form. For a monument to acquire “age value” it must both express “a trace of living growth” and retain “a distinct trace of the original form” ([1903] 1996, 74) - Cairns, Jacobs, 2014, pp. 71-72 // Heavily inspired by literature by Jane jacobs and Steven Cairns

// Determining Age Value “For a monument to acquire “age value” it must both express “a trace of living growth” and retain “a distinct trace of the original form” ([1903] 1996, 74)” - Cairns, Jacobs, 2014, pp. 71-72

Basement

// The existing plans were drawn over and annotated in order to decifer which portions of the building should remain and which portions should be removed. Most of this reasoning was informed by the concept of trying to retain as much of the building’s age value as possible.

// Assessing Age Value at 1:100

+ Sub basement

28 m2

86 m2

90 m2

+ Second floor

+ First floor

95 m2

65 m2 + Basement

+ First floor

+ Basement

+ Ground floor

+ Second floor

+ Ground floor

// Age Value Continued ...

// Informing Age Value ...

// Gordon Matta Clark // Bingo Exhibition // Michael Mcmillan

// Looking at the ways Gordon Matta Clark cuts sections through parts of buildings to expose the different occupancies the buildings have gone through - this is later explored in my initial sketches.

// Michael Mcmillan is a model maker but what I find interesting is that his work perfectly abstracts the grittiness one could imagine this building to hold once you start stripping away material - and expose the bare walls and ‘flesh’ of the building. A juxtoposition between this and timber needs to be explored.

// Exposing the ‘patina’ in the old sections of the house. Looking at ways that these exposed walls can become features of the house.

+ 120 Codagan Terrace by Studio X [Oscar Brito]

// Combining previous studies with Programme

// This study was trying to see whether it would be possible if there could be a ‘central’ core of the building where all the rooms would lead to - however, when coupled with the Age Value studies, it revealed that this couldn’t exactly work - due to the already established layout of the building through the previous study - The central block point would be mostly blocked off, by the central load bearing wall - as seen in the following diagram.

// Assessing Programme and Circulation // 1:100 Sketches

// Testing through models and massing // The plans were then morphed into a model study - whereby it was much more efficient to figure out the spacial arrangement - whilst thinking about certain â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;plug-insâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that could be inserted into the existing structure. Provided to be a more successful outcome.

A // Private Circulation

B // Private Living Quaters

C // Kitchen Space & Guest Bedroom Space

D // Bathroom Block

E // Central Circulation & Breakfast Block

F // Extended Bathroom Block

// The way each typology meets is spectacular. The composition between each form and material is thought through exceptionally well. // OMA looked at the potentials from the existing buildings to add and take away volumes.

+ Belvedere Zollikon

+ Monks Palour

// Studio Tom Emerson

+ Interior Design Model

// Looking at 6A and Studio Tom Emerson because of the idea of this project being a self-build/renovation project. Their use of material (timber) to create voids and interesting spaces through the scissor truss system on the Belvedere Zollikon pavillion could perhaps be used. Perhaps integrating this materiality with the composition and juxtopositions set forth by OMA with the Prada Foundation

Resident circulation & living Space // Refining and Testing on Site // 1:200 Model

Guest bedroom & resident kitchen

Guest circulation shaft

Resident circulation & living Space

Guest bedroom & resident kitchen

A // Private Circulation

B // Private Living Quaters

C // Kitchen Space & Guest Bedroom Space

Resident circulation & living Space

E // Central Circulation & Breakfast Block

* G // Central Circulation

Guest circulation shaft

// D & F, Bathroom and entrance

// All combined

Guest dining & living space

Guest bedroom & resident kitchen Guest circulation shaft Guest dining & living space

A // Private Circulation B // Private Living Quaters

Guest circulation shaft

C // Kitchen Space & Guest Bedroom Space

E // Central Circulation & Breakfast Block

* G // Central Circulation // D & F, whilst on site on the plugin to your right, were not finished at this current moment in time.

// Circulation Block facing towards the Turner Contemporary and the sea for a dramatisation of a view.

// Light well on Block D in order to provide north facing rooms with sufficient light

// Bedroom facing south as to allow for morning and evening sun.

// Central Atrium Block Releasing Views out to Margate

// Proposal

// 1:100 Top Floor Working Plan

// 1:100 2nd Floor Working Plan

// 1:100 1st Floor Working Plan

// 1:100 Ground Floor Plan

// 1:50 Long Section Parrellel Project View

C C // Meeting Point between guests and owner - The Breakfast Table

E.1

A // Guest Bedroom B // Walkway looking over main meeting space C // Meeting Point between guests and owner - The Breakfast Table D // Kitchen Space for the resident E // Under Construction Areas to be used as event space - space used specific to the owner at the time. E.1 // Temporary Staircase allowing access to lower basement.

// 1:50 Perspective Plan

// High Skylight in order to allow maximum light into a space that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have any outward facing windows.

// Double Height Ceiling to dramatise interactions between residents and tourists.

// 1:20 Detail showing Ventilation and air escapage.

// 1:50 Section Cutting Through Main Spaces of the Proposal

// A Corten Steel Sheeting to harmonise with other rustic materialities // B Secondary Structure - Timber // C ‘Plug-in’ Windows // D ‘Plug-in’ Windows // E Steel I Beam supporting overhanging Masonry Structure // F ‘Plug-in’ Walkway allowing access to toilet block. // G Interlocking window structures acting as light wells.

// 1:100 Explosion exposing primary structure, secondary structure and skin. 1:100 Detailing Central Circulation Block

// Framing Specific Views A // Window facing upwards to direct eye to the sky. B // Window facing towards Horizon and Turner Contemporary

// Boa Nova Tea House - Alvaro Siza

// June 21 [Summer Solstice]

// March 21, Sep 21 [Equinox]

// The following diagram illustates how light enters the building. This has been discussed within the development phases. However the final resolution has been explored through the 1:50 and 1:20 details.

// D

irect

Ligh t

// 23.5 o

L s ed u iff

t igh

// D

// Diffused Light

// 23.5 o

re c

ig h t

// 47 o

// Diffused Light

// December 21 [Winter Solstice]

ec Dir

ght

t Li

// 90 o [Local Latitude]

// 1:100 Section Cut Illustrating Light intake // Structure T, C, E(x)

// 1:20 Detail of exposed hanging fireplace

// 1:20 Detail of Window Interaction

// 1:20 Detail of Window - Corten - Existing Masonry