CENTER FOR AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH
ANNUAL REPORT 201 8
Table of Contents
EDUCATION pg 4
RESEARCH pg 16
Preparing future automotive industry leaders.
Innovating solutions that affect future transportation and mobility.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT pg 34 Cultivating teamwork and synergy among multiple disciplines, while responding to the needs of clients and partners.
FUTURE PLANS pg 36
APPENDIX pg 38
Affecting tomorrow’s mobility—from energy and environmental consequences to safety, information and communication systems and lifestyle and consumer choices.
OVERVIEW
1
Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric Vehicles—What’s Next? The talk of the industry over the past couple of years has been “shared, connected, automated and electrified.” You have all read and heard about these unstoppable technology trends that are driving the automotive industry, as well as IT and electronics copmanies developing new partnerships, new solutions and new paradigms of mobility. In such a connected and (at least partially) autonomous world, how do we ensure that each function we wish to deploy is in fact safe and secure? Our faculty, students and research staff are dedicating increasing attention to topics of cybersecurity, data integrity and functional safety, and we do not expect this trend to slow down at any time. And in a world of mobility that is increasingly powered by electricity, we must ask ourselves what advances are still possible in storing electrical energy in a costeffective way, and what should be done to develop an infrastructure that permits meaningful penetration of plug-in electric vehicles by providing fast “refueling” capabilities that are available to a significant sector of the EV-adopting consumer population. Our faculty, students and staff are engaged in all the key aspects of energy conversion and storage for automotive propulsion. Finally, future mobility solutions will require connectivity and a smarter infrastructure within our cities. In this report you will see how CAR connects with the Smart Columbus initiative and how our students have created a Smart Campus organization that wishes to explore ideas to improve mobility, safety and the overall campus experience for our students in our “city” of 100,000 — the Ohio State University Columbus campus. The engagement of our partners representing the mobility industry, local, state and federal governments, and many other organizations, is a key element of each of these programs — we are grateful to you for your participation.
2
OVERVIEW
A Note from the Directors CAR – CONNECTING STUDENTS, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TO PARTNERS IN MOBILITY More cars on the road, expanding populations, consumer trust in autonomous and connected vehicles, electric vehicles — how will they impact our lives? All of these questions not only fill our news feeds, but have tremendous impact on what the future of research looks like as well. CAR is prepared and excited to meet these challenges head on. We are continuing to expand our facilities, bring in the best and brightest students and partner with the most advanced industry partners to make sure we are ready and equipped for the future of mobility. CAR brings together all the interdisciplinary research and expertise that is needed to lead the way in today’s automotive and mobility world. We are strongly integrated with the initiatives of our city, state and federal collaborators to bring expertise in the automotive field and how that expertise integrates with the broader environment. CAR staff, students and faculty are working closely with our Smart Campus leaders to really help understand our current challenges. We have partnered on a project that looks deep into our campus mobility challenges and how we solve actual problems with the right technology. We are working with human behaviorists and engineers that together help weave urban centers with transportation
science. We are shaping the future with students that are prepared and armed with broad expertise across multiple disciplines. I am thrilled to help pull all of these pieces together as we continue to execute our strategic plan. One that purposefully aligns key organizations to maximize our impact through collaborative research prospects as well as continuing to grow and lead in the Smart Mobility space. Our efforts and results have truly shown that all roads lead to Ohio and we are causing a huge disruption in the traditional mobility world! Sincerely,
Maryn Weimer, Senior Associate Director
20 YEARS OF CAR INDUSTRIAL CONSORTIUM During the past year, our students, staff and faculty have continued to increase their involvement with our invaluable automotive and mobility industry partners through the relationships we have built over the span of 20 years. Thanks to the membership fees paid by our members in 2018, 16 faculty and senior research staff are working with 16 students from three academic departments on 18 active projects. The range of topics in the exploratory research projects conducted through our consortium membership program is significant, covering eight projects related to efficient and electrified propulsion systems and energy storage, and nine projects related to connected and automated vehicles and mobility (see story on pg. 25). Most of our members have also used this partnership as an opportunity to extend internship offers to our students. This summer 15 students are enjoying the experience of working in a production or R&D department at one of our member companies (see story on pg. 10). In closing, I will also share that interest and participation in our continuing education program continues to grow (see story on pg. 5). CAR staff and faculty have been busy customizing our offerings to meet the current needs of our partners. We cannot say enough to recognize the value of our partnership with industry. We are truly grateful to the members of our extended family for making it possible for us to participate in the ongoing mobility revolution. Sincerely,
Giorgio Rizzoni, Director
Giorgio Rizzoni
OVERVIEW
3
EDUCATION
Distance Education ENHANCED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE COURSE PROVIDES STUDENTS WITH REAL WORLD OPPORTUNITIES With autonomous vehicle technology quickly growing in popularity, an enhanced course, “Autonomy in Vehicles,” taught by Levent Guvenc, professor in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, has received attention from a wide range of students. “Some students take the course to help them get started in AV (autonomous vehicle) research, some of them just want to take it because it sounds cool and some of them take it because there is a high demand for engineers with interest and experience in AV and the jobs being offered are good,” said Guvenc. The course, open to undergraduate seniors and graduate students, is designed to provide a high level view of autonomous and connected driving. Guvenc provides his students with realistic projects that can be implemented into real world situations. This past semester students began the course by developing a preliminary design for an autonomous shuttle that can travel the one mile distance between CAR and CAR West. Students selected the appropriate sensors and computers and determined decision making logic for the shuttle. Their final project was then to design a circular AV for the trolley route at Easton Towne Center. Throughout the course students also had the opportunity to visit Ohio State’s Automated Driving Lab where they were able to look at the sensors and equipment being used in AV development.
The Autonomy in Vehicles course is open to undergraduate seniors and graduate students and designed to provide a high level view of autonomous and connected driving.
This course will be offered in alternating years as a distance education course, open to working professionals who want to gain knowledge in this area. “A course like this, complemented by other courses at Ohio State, is a fundamental part of an intelligent vehicles track,” said Guvenc. “Ohio State has placed importance on autonomous vehicles as the first university in the country to develop automated driving work. All the exciting developments like the Smart Center at TRC, Smart Columbus, US-33 Smart Mobility Corridor and Drive Ohio will soon result in AV deployments in Ohio and attracting AV jobs to our state. It is Ohio State’s duty to offer first class research and education in AVs to support these goals.”
SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE CAR’s Continuing Education program helps industry partners address critical training gaps with relevant, customized content and flexible delivery options. Drawing on its research expertise, CAR offers quality credit and non-credit courses and seminars in the following specialized areas: ›› Advanced Propulsion ›› Electromobility ›› Powertrain Dynamics and Control ›› Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
EDUCATION
5
The fast pace of technological development in the automotive industry necessitates ongoing education to keep your workforce competitive, efficient and effective. CAR’s portfolio of continuing education courses provides a la carte educational options without the commitment and expense of a degree program. Whether you have an upcoming project that requires a specialized skill set for your engineers or need a highlevel overview of advances in the automotive industry, CAR offers the following to meet your specific needs: ›› Credit courses: 10 graduate level credit courses in electrified propulsion, powertrain, dynamic systems, autonomous vehicles and NVH ›› N on-credit short courses: Customized content delivered live at CAR or onsite ›› N on-credit seminars: Prerecorded selfpaced seminars on topics such as systems dynamics, Matlab, signals and systems for control, automotive HVAC, lightweight design fundamentals and SIL-HIL for control ›› C ertificates: A year-long specialized focus consisting of two graduate credit courses and 2-3 non-credit short courses in advanced propulsion, powertrain and NVH that can be customized to meet your training gaps CAR’s commitment to providing high quality continuing education to industry partners translates to five or 10 free seats in non-credit pre-recorded seminars for gold and platinum members.
6
EDUCATION
2017-18 DISTANCE EDUCATION FACTS: ›› 22 certificates awarded to GM and FCA engineers ›› 66 engineers enrolled in graduate courses during the 17-18 academic year ›› 94 engineers enrolled in non-credit short courses and online seminars ›› I n addition to the established Powertrain Modeling and Control and Advanced Propulsion certificates, CAR offered two customized certificates to FCA in North and South America and Cesar, a Brazilian educational foundation in internal combustion engine control and modeling and control of advanced vehicles
LEARN MORE To learn more about our distance education opportunities contact distance education manager, Marianne Weber at weber.305@osu.edu or visit go.osu.edu/CARContinuingEd.
Motorsports ECOCAR 3
Four-peat! Ohio State wins national EcoCAR 3 competition
Shawn Midlam-Mohler. “Our students are able to build a great car, but they’re also able to communicate in both written and oral communication – the thought process, the design, the validation – all of that effort that goes into building a car.”
The Ohio State University won first place in the final year of EcoCAR 3, an Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and General Motors. This is the fourth consecutive win for the Buckeyes.
VENTURI BUCKEYE BULLET 3
EcoCAR 3 is a four-year collegiate automotive engineering competition that challenges 16 North American universities to redesign a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro to further reduce its environmental impact while maintaining the iconic Camaro performance and safety.
The Venturi Buckeye Bullet continues to hold the international land speed record for an electrical vehicle at 341 mph.
In addition to the coveted first-place trophy and bragging rights, the Buckeyes took home $33,000 to further support the university’s advanced vehicle technology program.
The team returned to the Salt Flats in September, 2017 and encountered unexpected rain and flooding, preventing the team from attempting a new world record. They will continue their quest with hopes of writing the next chapter in the history books.
“This year the students excelled at both the pre-competition deliverable, the oral report and the presentations,” said Ohio State team faculty adviser
Looking ahead to the 2018 season
ECOCAR 3
EDUCATION
7
2017- 2018 Student Project Competition Results VENTURI BB3
›› Formula Buckeyes • Formula SAE Michigan / May 9-12 / 36th out of 114 • Formula North / Barrie, Ontario, Canada / May 31-June 3 / 11th out of 24 ›› EcoCAR • EcoCAR3 Year 4 / Yuma AZ; Pomona CA; Los Angeles, CA / May 10-22 / 1st out of 16 (4th consecutive 1st place finish) ›› Baja Buckeye • Baja SAE Kansas / May 17-20 /44th out of 95 ›› Buckeye Current • Did not finish
BAJA BUCKEYE
›› Supermileage • Did not finish ›› Underwater Robotics • Robosub / SanDiego, CA / July 30 - August 5 / competed in semi-final round
BUCKEYE CURRENT
SUPERMILEAGE
8
EDUCATION
FORMULA BUCKEYES
MOTORSPORTS MACHINE SHOP GETS FIXER UPPER TREATMENT For many students, the Motorsports Garage located behind CAR is their second home, where they dedicate countless hours working with their teammates to prepare their vehicles for competition. The Garage not only houses the teams’ work spaces, but a machine shop for the students to utilize as well. Over the past few months student research associates (SRAs) have worked with senior instrument maker, Matt Little, to renovate the shop, making it safer and more spacious and allowing for a more productive environment for the students to continue to develop their design and manufacturing skills. “The improvements made by the students to the machine shop will hopefully trickle down to increasing the teams’ performance at competition as well as the resumes of the students,” said Little. In addition to adding another milling machine, lathe and tabletop workspace, the shop is now brighter and easier to keep clean thanks to an epoxy coating on the
floors. The walls were pressure washed to further brighten and improve the effectiveness of the lighting, “which is necessary for detail oriented tasks like machining,” said Little. The SRAs who helped with the renovation spent quite a bit of time cleaning, painting and removing decades worth of grease, oil and needle-like chips from several of the machines. The machine shop staff, consisting of Little and the four SRAs, have taken on a share of the research support role formerly held by Don Williams, lead design engineer prior to his recent retirement. These responsibilities include advanced manufacturing of test equipment as well as providing design advice. “In addition to the in-depth training I provide them, the SRAs work on maintenance, fabrication and research projects, rapidly building their skills and enhancing their ability to guide and ensure the safety of other students,” said Little.
MACHINE SHOP // Rearranging the shop provided ample clearance between the machines, allowing Little and the SRA’s to easily walk among the working students.
EDUCATION
9
CAR Interns
Grad students enhance educational experience as summer interns with partner companies This summer 15 of CAR’s graduate students are gaining real world experience as interns at some of the country’s top automotive companies.
Apple: ›› P olina Brodsky, PhD student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› G aurav Tendolkar, Masters student in Electrical and Computer Engineering
Bosch: ›› E van Stoddart, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› W ilson Perez, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Ford: ›› Phil Dalke, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› Simon Trask, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› Kaveh Khodadadi, PhD student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› Christian Rostiti, PhD student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
GM: ›› Kristina Kuwabara, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
NASA Ames Research Center: ›› Mohammad Hejase, PhD student in Electrical and Computer Engineering
Tours and Outreach CAR believes in giving back to the community and sharing our passion for automotive engineering with others. We have welcomed more than 1,650 guests through our doors this year through tours, camps, internships and outreach events.
Cummins: ›› D ina Caicedo Parra, Masters student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Delphi: ›› S anthosh Tamilarasan, PhD student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ›› S hreshta Rajakumar Deshpande, PhD student in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
FCA: ›› K erri Loyd, Undergraduate student in Electrical and Computer Engineering ›› R uochen Yang, PhD student in Electrical and Computer Engineering
INTERN STORIES If you stopped by CAR this summer, you likely saw some new faces — 13 high school and college interns spent their summer here, gaining experience in automotive engineering. Research Scientist Jeff Chrstos worked with interns Aashit Rathore, who is studying mechanical engineering at IIT Guwahati in India, Phie Rodriguez, an incoming senior at Columbus School for Girls, electrical engineering student Nick Faber and Ruban Sekar, who is pursuing his masters degree in mechanical engineering on developing a Driver-in-the-Loop driving simulator. The simulator consists of a series of screens that show virtually what the driver would see in reality, as well as a passenger seat situated on a “buck,” which contains the vehicle’s front framework, steering wheel, dashboard, pedals, gearshift and switches to accurately mimic the driver’s activities and lines of sight. Mechanical engineering students Noah Davis and Kan Wang and electrical and computer engineering student Ezekiel Rhamy worked with Senior Research
10
EDUCATION
Associate Matilde D’Arpino on a prototype of a charging station capable of charging electric vehicles at 50kW without impacting the grid distribution network. The team took old but still usable electrical vehicle batteries and used them as a storage bank alongside an electrical vehicle charger second life application. David Wolfson, majoring in electrical engineering, worked with Senior Design Engineer Prashanth Ramesh and D’Arpino on a project which involves designing a prototype for a high-performance, multifunctional battery pack for hybrid turbo electric regional aircrafts. “My role is analyzing data from testing different technologies of batteries and developing a model for the battery to allow us to see how a battery type will perform under given power requirements under the system constraints,” said Wolfson.
Eddie Dominek spent his summer in the Motorsports garage before starting his sophomore year at Upper Arlington High School. Under the supervision of Matt Little, CAR’s senior instrument maker, Dominek worked closely with the Supermileage team, bending wood for the body of their vehicle and designing the steering column mount. Mary Cech, who is majoring in materials science and engineering, worked under the direction of Research Scientist Greg Busch to model an automotive fuel system. She used Matlab software to construct a thermodynamic model to determine how the gasoline in the fuel system will behave when subjected to different environmental and vehicle operating conditions with a focus on reducing emissions. Aeronautical and astronautical engineering student, Andrew Volchko worked with Greg Busch to design a force-balance for a low-speed wind tunnel. Volchko is a part of the Ohio State Supermileage team, a team that is building a small single-seat vehicle designed for extremely high fuel economy. He used the forcebalance to measure the aerodynamic drag on a model of the Supermileage vehicle to guide design decisions when the team builds a drag-reducing aerodynamic body for the vehicle for the next competition.
(L-R) D’ARPINO INTERNS // Working on a charging station prototype; NICK FABER // Testing out the driving simulator; ANDREW VOLCHKO // Standing with the high speed wind tunnel; EDDIE DOMINEK // Bending wood to create the frame for the Supermileage vehicle; MARY CECH // Using Matlab to model an automotive fuel system
Becca Turner, who will be a senior at Upper Arlington High School worked with graduate research associate, Adithya Jayakumar on a project aimed at improving vehicle road load prediction accuracy to reduce variability arising from laboratory results, test track results and the relationship between test track and laboratory results across various different vehicle types. Turner analyzed the experimental road surface data using Matlab to better understand road surface degradation. Electrical and computer engineering student, Matt Appel spent his summer with research scientist,
EDUCATION
11
Qadeer Ahmed working on a functional safety aspect of connected and autonomous vehicles. As an initial step, he worked on a cloud based telematics device which interacts with a car’s on-board diagnostics port and sends the data to the cloud using Amazon Web Services to be analyzed and then stored in a cloud based database. He developed a MATLAB app to interface from any computer and log/analyze the data. “The intern program gave researchers like myself an opportunity to tap the new talent and an opportunity for students to explore the latest automotive trends,” said Ahmed. “My internee will continue with me for his MS thesis as a GRA. So it’s a win-win situation for both CAR and the student!”
CAMP CAR INTRODUCES HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING The Center for Automotive Research along with the Honda-Ohio State partnership hosted 10 high school students at Camp CAR, a week-long summer camp focused on automotive engineering.
different aspects of it to make it weigh more or less to affect how much energy and momentum their car had. Camp CAR also introduced the students to simulation and modeling. They were given the opportunity to work on 3D simulations where they learned about structural optimization and had a chance to simulate air flow over model cars. “It was cool to apply what I learned in physics class last year to the simulations,” said Isabel Delamater who will be a senior at the Marysville Early College STEM School this fall. At TRC the campers were shown around the Impact Laboratory where they had a chance to learn about crash test dummies and see where crash simulations take place. “I liked seeing the crash test dummies and I learned about how simulations save time and money compared to actual crash tests,” said Howard Wang, an incoming junior at Columbus Academy. The Honda tour was the first time many of the campers had ever been inside a manufacturing plant. They had a chance to see the car building process first hand. Did you know that it takes 18 hours to build a car from start to finish and nine of those hours are in the paint shop?
The students had the opportunity to hear from a variety of engineers and researchers as well as work in the Machine Shop building a model car, test out their driving skills in the Driving Simulator, become familiar with simulations and modeling, see what it’s like to use the Light Duty Chassis Dynamometer and tour different facilities including the Transportation Research Center (TRC) and a Honda manufacturing plant. Throughout the week students learned how to use different tools in the Machine Shop while building a model car that they raced on the final day of camp. They worked in teams to determine which car was most efficient based on its weight. The teams all began with the same 3D model car but could manipulate
12
EDUCATION
CDME // Students toured the Ohio State Center for Design and Manufacturing Excellence where they had the opportunity to learn about different types of engineering jobs and take a look at 3D printers and models.
A highlight for many of the students was hearing from JD Orr, an industrial designer whose background includes designing vehicle exteriors for Chevrolet, Oldsmobile and Pontiac to name a few. The students enjoyed watching Orr sketch car designs right in front of them.
FORMULA BUCKEYES TEACH ENGINEERING TO MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
I was very inspired by his presentation,” said Alain Welliver who will be a sophomore at Upper Arlington High School and hopes to one day study industrial design. “He gave life tips while talking about his career that I thought were really valuable.”
The Formula Buckeyes team partnered with the PAST Foundation to teach a group of 10 middle school students about designing and building fuel cells through an initiative led by the Society of American Engineers (SAE) International.
“He can draw right off the bat without putting a lot of thought into it. He knows what to do and how to do it,” said Jay Painter, an incoming freshman at New Albany High School who also hopes to be an industrial designer one day. While all of the students who attended camp had an initial interest in engineering, their experiences throughout the week solidified the decision for some. “I always thought I wanted to major in mechanical engineering with an automotive focus on reducing carbon emissions, but after my experience at Camp CAR I know that’s the area of engineering I definitely want to study,” said Delamater.
(L-R) CAR RENDERING // Each camper got to take home a signed drawing by JD Orr; MACHINE SHOP // Students spent time in the Machine Shop each day working on their 3D model cars. They could manipulate different aspects of the model to make it weigh more or less to effect how much energy and momentum the car had.
In order to bring Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education to grades K-8, SAE International created the A World in Motion (AWIM) program with different initiatives in which current STEM professionals and students can participate. One initiative is called AWIM Learn Twice where university students partner with local schools and after school programs to teach engineering lessons to younger students of various skill levels.
Formula Buckeye team members show students how fuel cells work and what they can be used for. Photo credit: Ashley Price, PAST Foundation
EDUCATION
13
The Formula Buckeyes chose to use the fuel cell challenge to show students how fuel cells work and what they can be used for. Through a team member’s connection, the Formula Buckeyes partnered with the PAST Foundation, which is a group of professional scientists and educators dedicated to bringing new advancements in STEM fields to students and teachers through workshops and new teaching strategies. Volunteers from the Formula Buckeyes team met with the middle school students every Friday for 1.5 hours after school for a month. Caroline Kiley, Formula Buckeyes team manager and third-year student of industrial systems engineering at Ohio State, created the lesson plans based on the AWIM Learn Twice curriculum, and members of the team helped explain the lessons and how to build the fuel cell cars. “It was really a lot of fun,” Kiley said. “The kids were all really eager to learn and I personally enjoyed seeing the guys on the team enjoy working with the kids. Many of them would return every week because they genuinely had fun interacting with the kids. The AWIM Learn Twice program is built around the idea of learning through teaching, so the middle school students were not the only ones learning – we were, too.”
Student Spotlight: Jackie Karl-DeFrain Jackie Karl-DeFrain jumped right into engineering and motorsports when she came to Ohio State despite not having any prior experience. “I never got to work with my hands growing up,” said Karl-DeFrain. “Working on cars or in the shop wasn’t an experience I had as a kid. Feeling like I was missing out on that experience, I thought, ‘Let’s go do it now.’ ” Karl-DeFrain joined the newly created Supermileage team as a sophomore and said that she has loved the opportunity to learn and grow through the Motorsports program. “When I first became captain, I wasn’t even in my major yet and felt that I didn’t have the technical background necessary,” she said. “That experience forced me to reach out to faculty and staff to take advantage of Ohio State’s resources as well as to think critically about how to apply what I learned in the classroom as I progressed through my courses.”
STEM TOURS // Members of the Ohio Energy Project touring CAR. These high school STEM teachers toured the state to see interesting STEM activities.
After serving as the team captain, Karl-DeFrain moved to a more technical position on the team as engine lead. “This has given others the opportunity to lead the team and allowed me to focus on more research intensive topics in preparation for graduate school,” she said. This fall she will take on another new role as a member of Ohio State’s EcoCAR team. Karl-DeFrain was recently accepted into the BSMS program and after researching different projects decided that EcoCAR would provide her with the best experience to transfer to industry after she completes her education. She will be helping the systems modeling and simulation team on the new Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC12). “I am most excited to gain more exposure to controls and simulation spaces,” she said.
RISEng STARS // Summer camp hosted by the Ohio State College of Engineering
When it comes to women in the engineering field, Karl-DeFrain feels that while more women are entering many engineering fields, their presence is lagging in automotive engineering. Encouraging women to join organizations such as motorsports teams can change that. “When people don’t feel represented in a space, it can definitely feel uninviting. I think it’s important to encourage people that motorsports is a learning experience and that most people start off with little exposure to engineering projects and the transportation industry before college,” said Karl-DeFrain. “I love the outreach that CAR is doing with younger students, particularly girls,” said Karl-DeFrain. “I think it’s important that they feel welcome in engineering and the automotive industry if that is what they want to pursue. Destigmatizing math, science, and engineering from a young age is an important place to start.”
Jackie KarlDeFrain
RESEARCH
Sponsored Research Programs INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP SEEKS TO PREDICT—AND PREVENT— A MAJOR ENGINE PROBLEM Alex Taylor and Anna Misley both grew up far from Ohio—Alexandra in California’s Bay Area and Anna in Genoa, Italy—but the two PhD students are now in the Buckeye State helping to solve a major problem with internal combustion engines, thanks to a National Science Foundation research grant awarded to Marcello Canova, PhD. Canova, associate professor in The Ohio State University’s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and a member of the university’s Center for Automotive Research (CAR), received a prestigious five-year CAREER award from NSF in part to develop ways to model and predict surge in centrifugal compressors. Surge is an aerodynamic instability that occurs in turbocharged engines, leading to loss of power and increased vibration and noise. If it occurs for a long duration, surge can destroy the turbocharger altogether. Engine designers and systems integrators are generally able to prevent the occurrence of surge by adopting several design and control solutions. On the other hand, because the phenomenon of surge is still not well understood, the methods currently adopted in practice are overly conservative, ultimately causing limitations to the engine performance and fuel economy. To improve the current state of the art, it is necessary to experimentally investigate the physical phenomena that lead to surge in automotive turbochargers, and develop models able to predict them.
To do so, Canova knew he would need to recruit PhD students with diverse yet complementary skill sets. Taylor’s background in engineering and passion for applied mathematics plus Misley’s experimental background in thermodynamics and fluid machinery made for a perfect team. “When I saw Alex’s graduate school application I immediately contacted her, and Anna is visiting from the University of Genoa, which is known internationally for their research and testing on internal combustion engines. This is the best team I could hope for,” said Canova. Taylor and Misley are working together to create and validate a physicsbased model using data Misley collected at Genoa during the first year of her PhD program. The data came from a turbocharger operating under various conditions, including stable, transient and unstable operations. “There is research on what happens during surge,” said Misley, “but not much on the transition into it. We want to be able to predict the behavior of the compressor and prevent surge before it happens.” The existing high-fidelity physics based models are slow, sometimes taking weeks or months to compute; on the other hand, the control-oriented models that compute in real time are not accurate enough. “We have to reduce computation time. If we simulate our compressor running for one second, we want it to compute in one hundredth of a second,” said Taylor. To validate their new model, she will accompany Misley back to Italy during the 2018-19 academic year to do a second experimental run and continue to develop the modeling work started at CAR. “The gender gap in engineering seems to be decreasing, and the amount of cultural diversity is very high at CAR,” noted Misley. Whether it is asking questions about research or spending time together after work, both Taylor and Misley enjoy talking with people from different backgrounds and experiences. “Diversity is really vital for science. By working in a multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary environment such as CAR, we can all benefit from different points of view,” said Misley.
RESEARCH
17
OHIO STATE PARTNERS WITH DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES ON NEXTCAR PROJECT
save on fuel and emissions. With this combination of capabilities, the vehicle will be able to analyze its route ahead of time to determine the most efficient path, speed and engine operating conditions for maximum fuel economy.
The Ohio State University, along with Tula Technology, Aptiv and Transportation Research Center (TRC), is partnering with Delphi Technologies to enhance connected vehicle innovations that will make cars greener. The goal is a 20 percent improvement in fuel economy over the vehicles currently found on the road.
One major challenge the project faced at the outset was comparing the fuel economy of the advanced NEXTCAR vehicle to that of a baseline car. Conventional techniques require the two vehicles to be driven at identical speeds over a given route. However, the purpose of NEXTCAR is to determine the best speed to drive to maximize fuel economy; therefore two vehicles must drive at different speeds during the fuel economy evaluation process. Ohio State collaborated with TRC to develop new test procedures for making fuel economy comparisons with these types of advanced technology vehicles.
The NEXTCAR (NEXT-Generation Energy Technologies for Connected and Automated On-Road Vehicles) program is led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Ohio State project leaders include engineering professors Giorgio Rizzoni, Levent Guvenc, Marcello Canova and Abhishek Gupta and research scientist Greg Busch.
The NEXTCAR project is using the Smart City initiatives taking place in Columbus, Ohio. Columbus is creating and deploying new technologies to increase mobility and make for a greener environment and NEXTCAR will have the opportunity to take advantage of these developments.
The three-year project will integrate many advanced technologies into a single vehicle platform. These include connectivity features such as vehicle-toinfrastructure communications to enable the vehicle to sail through traffic lights on green, eHorizon to provide knowledge of upcoming road conditions, and adaptive cruise control to allow the vehicle to automatically adjust its speed. Two advanced powertrain technologies will also be incorporated to save even more fuel: Delphi’s 48V mild hybrid system and Tula’s Dynamic Skip Fire Technology. The mild hybrid system provides regeneration capability and increased low-end torque, while Dynamic Skip Fire selectively turns off engine cylinders when the engine is operating at light loads to
18
RESEARCH
NEXTCAR vehicle at the 2018 Consumer Electronics Show
CERC TRUCK The U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC), a research and development entity that focuses on the acceleration of research and deployment of clean energy technologies, has created a new initiative aimed at reducing both emissions and commercial trucks’ dependence on oil.
CRIS-UTC Project Updates As they examine the events that occur in the final seconds before a vehicle collision, researchers at The Ohio State University’s Crash Imminent Safety (CrIS) University Transportation Center (UTC) strive to reduce the severity of human injury in automobile accidents, reduce the occurrence of accidents and ultimately save lives in doing so. The center and its research are funded by a U.S. Department of Transportation grant that concludes on September 20, 2018. citr.osu.edu/CrIS
Known as CERC TRUCK, the goal is to develop costeffective measures to improve the on-road freight efficiency of medium and heavy duty trucks by more than 50 percent compared with 2016. The initiative will leverage the strengths of both the U.S. and China’s intellectual and research capabilities. Ohio State is working with Cummins and Freightliner Custom Chassis to explore different powertrain configurations and multi-chemistry battery packs to nail down the most efficient powertrain for a delivery truck.
HIGHLIGHTS: Driver Models for Both Human and Autonomous Vehicles ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor Umit Ozguner ›› MAJOR GOALS: Ohio State has developed the multi-agent models of the driver and the vehicle that can be used to inform the design principles for optimized autonomous vehicles. Bio Injury Implications of Pre-Crash Safety Modeling ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor John Bolte ›› MAJOR GOALS: To directly address the UTC’s human physiology strategy, researchers use bio-injury data from given crash scenarios to suggest evasive action/driver positions best suited to reduce injury. Technology and Enhancements for Safety ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor Umit Ozguner ›› T his project focuses on technology improvements that can be implemented in intelligent and autonomous vehicles toward the goal of improving pre-crash safety.
CERC TRUCK annual meeting in Beijing, China
RESEARCH
19
NEW UTC Ohio State is a partner in the new Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) led five-year national UTC award, Mobility21, which began in December, 2016. Mobility21 focuses on safely and efficiently improving the mobility of people and goods in the 21st century by investigating and deploying novel technologies, incentives, policies and training programs. Using Municipal Vehicles as Sensor Platforms to Monitor the Health and Performance of the Traffic Control System ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor Benjamin Coifman ›› T his research seeks to develop a viable, ongoing monitoring program that uses municipal vehicles as sensor platforms and uses these sensors to monitor the roadway traffic conditions and performance of signalized intersections in a metropolitan area. SmartShuttle: Model-Based Design and Evaluation of Automated On-Demand Shuttles for Solving the First-Mile and Last-Mile Problem in a Smart City ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor Levent Guvenc ›› A major component of mobility in a smart city is the use of fully electric driverless vehicles that will be used for solving the first-mile and last-mile problem, for reducing traffic congestion in downtown areas and for improving safety and helping in the overall reduction of mobility related undesired emissions. Understanding and Guiding Pedestrian and Crowd Motion ›› PROJECT LEAD: Professor Umit Ozguner ›› F irst mile (access to transportation choice) and last mile (from vehicular transportation termination to final destination) can be the weakest links in smart mobility. Many people in the U.S do not live or work close to a transportation access point, and many people are mobility impaired. Bridging this first-mile/ last-mile gap in the transportation network requires operating in non-traditional environments that might be heavily populated by pedestrians.
20
RESEARCH
Drone image depicting first-mile/last-mile scenario
Personnel In the 2017-2018 Academic Year there were a total of 292 associates:
44
112
37
Graduate Students
Visiting Scholars Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: 66 Electrical and Computer Engineering: 35 Materials Science and Engineering: 1 Nuclear Engineering: 1 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering: 2 Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering: 2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: 1 Fisher College of Business: 1 John Glenn College of Public Affairs: 2
Research and Administration Support Staff
54
CAR-Affiliated Faculty
45
Undergraduate Student Assistant
RESEARCH
21
Fiscal TOTAL EXPENDITURES
RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING SERVICES ACTIVITY
In fiscal year 2018, CAR has secured:
In fiscal year 2018 CAR has delivered:
11.2 million of Research Activity
$
4 million
$
in industry sponsored activity
39% Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (32% Electrification • 29% Other)
5.8 million
$
in federal governmentsponsored activity
481 thousand
$
in state-sponsored activity
22
RESEARCH
0.3 million
$
of Engineering Services
0.7 million
$
of Motorsports Activity
0.2 million
$
of Continuing and Distance Education
Consortium Membership
MEMBERS PLATINUM MEMBER
ABOUT The CAR Membership Consortium provides a unique opportunity for industry to engage in original, highly leveraged precompetitive research in automotive and transportation systems, with a focus on advanced propulsion systems; fuel economy; vehicle safety, connectivity and autonomy; and advanced driver assistance systems.
GOLD MEMBERS
The Consortium provides members with: ›› T he opportunity to participate in leveraged, precompetitive research ›› T he opportunity to engage graduate students in preparation for future careers in the automotive industry ›› A n outlet to reach undergraduate students through capstone design and other project activities ›› T he opportunity to host focused recruitment events
24
RESEARCH
16FEB201120481109
2018 CAR CONSORTIUM MEMBERSHIP LEVELS Silver Level $10,000
Gold Level $30,000
Platinum Level $50,000
Showcase/feature members in CAR marketing materials
✓
✓
✓
Invitation to bi-annual Executive Advisory Board Meetings
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
5 seats
10 seats
BENEFIT
Membership sponsored exploratory reporting meetings and access to results and presentations Continuing education benefits (Pre-recorded seminar library) Opportunity to present technical seminars at CAR
✓
✓
✓
Opportunity to recruit CAR students through resume access, information sessions and meet and greet events
✓
✓
✓
Corporate mentorship for graduate students
✓
✓
Input on project selection for exploratory research projects
✓ ✓
Direct project selection for exploratory research projects Consultant time with faculty and senior research staff 10 percent discount on testing services
✓
✓
$5K value
$10K value
For more information contact David Cooke at cooke.76@osu.edu or David Emerling at emerling.4@osu.edu or visit car.osu.edu.
RESEARCH
25
Smart City DRIVEOHIO
A one-stop shop for Ohio’s smart mobility initiatives With numerous organizations around Ohio working on smart mobility initiatives, a new group called DriveOhio is serving as a single point of contact for government, research and industry partners. Ohio State University, Smart Belt Coalition, Transportation Research Center, the Ohio Department of Transportation and JobsOhio are working on a variety of initiatives like autonomous vehicle research and building smart lanes on highways to reduce traffic congestion. DriveOhio will help them continue to facilitate more smart mobility innovations. Maryn Weimer, senior associate director at CAR and Courtney Falato, Ohio State Smart Cities relationship director, both serve on the DriveOhio team as Ohio State representatives. “Ohio has continued to invest in the infrastructure and resources required to put us in the forefront of research, testing and deployment of smart mobility,” said Weimer. “Ohio’s success in this area will depend on government, industry and university entities working together in partnership. DriveOhio seamlessly pulls all of these elements together to create a collaborative environment all based around a shared goal.”
SMART CAMPUS STUDENT GROUP
New student organization brings Smart Columbus initiative to campus
As researchers, local businesses and citizens of Columbus prepare to improve transportation and sustainability through the Smart Columbus program, Danny Freudiger, a graduate student studying mechanical engineering at The Ohio State University, hopes to bring similar changes to the university. Freudiger is leading a new student organization called the Smart Campus Organization, which will partner with the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) and Ohio State to “engage in internal campus projects, use campus as a test bed for industry sponsored projects and collaborate with the Smart Columbus initiative through the blending of students from diverse academic backgrounds.” Current members are a collection of undergraduate and graduate students from a variety of backgrounds. While some students are involved in research at CAR, others are from academic areas like economics and environmental engineering. Students interested in joining the Smart Campus Organization should also enjoy collaborating with others to create concrete, multi-disciplinary solutions.
To learn more about DriveOhio and the smart mobility work taking place around the state visit drive.ohio.gov.
Smart Campus student group members
26
RESEARCH
“My hope is that this organization will engage students from different academic backgrounds and teach them how to work together to achieve a common goal. That goal is the improvement of campus life here at Ohio State,” Freudiger stated. “We want to use data analytics and technological advancements to improve university services. Whether those improvements are in the field of mobility or connectivity, we want students to feel as though they are connected to the campus and to each other.” If you’re interested in learning more about the group or becoming involved with the Smart Campus Organization, contact Danny Freudiger at freudiger.1@osu.edu.
“The reality is, we are a city within a city. Here at Ohio State, 110,000 people walk across our campus each day. So as the city of Columbus is looking to change mobility within this city and look toward options like electric vehicles, focusing in on an organization like Ohio State with our large population and our large alumni base makes a lot of sense when it comes to impact,” said Courtney Falato, Ohio State’s Smart Cities relationship director. Falato said similar events will be held on campus in the future. She said it’s important to continue educating the community about all of their options. “One of the biggest barriers to people purchasing an electric car is that they don’t know what an electric vehicle is. They don’t know what it looks like, feels like or how it’s different,” she said. “So education is really an important piece of this puzzle.”
RIDE AND DRIVE EVENT
Smart Columbus Ride and Drive event brings electric cars to campus The parking lot of the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) was jammed with Teslas, BMWs and Hondas for a roadshow to help promote the benefits of electric vehicles. CAR hosted a Smart Columbus Ride and Drive Roadshow to help put people curious about electric vehicles behind the wheel. There were more than 220 test drives during the event – a record for public events since Smart Columbus started the program last year.
(L-R) SMART COLUMBUS ROADSHOW // A variety of electric vehicles were available to test drive; TESLA MODEL X // A popular choice for those who chose to take a test drive at the event.
The roadshow was part of the Smart Columbus effort to deploy more affordable, reliable and sustainable transportation options in Central Ohio. Ohio State is aiding that effort by encouraging employees to drive electric and drive less. Ohio State is the primary research partner of Smart Columbus.
RESEARCH
27
FROM CAR TO COTA As President/CEO of COTA, Joanna Pinkerton is responsible for leading the transit authority which is responsible for serving more than 1.2 million residents in a 560-square-mile area of Central Ohio. “Working alongside my team, we are investigating the utilization of data, emerging technologies and potential partnerships which could allow us to reach more residents, provide enhanced services and invest in economically and environmentally sustainable ways of moving more people,” said Pinkerton. “With COTA’s involvement in many recent Central Ohio initiatives, we continue to be watched as a leader in how mobility will evolve in the future,” she said.
MEET COURTNEY FALATO Courtney Falato is the Smart Cities Relationship Director at Ohio State where she has the unique opportunity to engage with Smart Columbus and aid in the development of a Smart Campus strategic plan. “In my role for Smart Columbus, I am facilitating the meaningful engagement of Ohio State faculty, staff and students and the nine mobility grant projects under the $40 million U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Smart Cities grant” said Falato. Falato splits her time between the Smart Columbus Experience Center, located in downtown Columbus and Ohio State. She works with the Smart Columbus team to understand where they are in implementation of grant projects, identifies possible points for Ohio State engagement, and then makes connections back on campus with the right faculty, staff and students to engage in real time. “Currently, we have faculty, staff and students working on the Smart Columbus Operating System, the connected electric autonomous vehicle project and leading the mobility assistance project,” said Falato. “We are in the final stages of developing a scope of work for the research portion of the prenatal trip assistance project, which will be our largest engagement to date.”
28
RESEARCH
Pinkerton has spent a majority of her career in transportation as chief operating officer at TRC Inc., co-director of the Honda - Ohio State Partnership and senior associate director of CAR. Pinkerton said those experiences helped her further develop a broad understanding of the mobility landscape in the United States and around the globe. “Transportation is one of the most vital functions for a vibrant economy and healthy citizens, and
Falato is responsible for facilitating the university-wide strategic planning process for Smart Campus and notes that Ohio State has been doing “smart cities” research long before Columbus received the grant. “Our work extends beyond mobility and includes energy and the environment, health and wellness, education and communities,” said Falato. “We have a group of faculty, staff and students dedicated to developing a universitywide plan for our Smart Campus, with a final plan to be presented to President Michael Drake’s cabinet in fall 2018.” “CAR faculty, staff and students have been incredible allies, advocates and resources when it comes to all things smart mobility at Ohio State,” said Falato. “You cannot undervalue the asset that is this center – nearly 50 affiliated faculty, 45 staff and 100 students. CAR’s areas of expertise in not only connected and autonomous vehicles, but electrification and hybrid technology align so well with the concepts being explored by our smart city as well as many around the globe.”
the entire mobility industry has evolved to a very sophisticated level over the past 100 years in the United States,” said Pinkerton. “Understanding the trends in everything from automotive, to manufacturing, product development, infrastructure funding, policy, government and private funding streams, city and regional planning has helped me understand where the opportunities exist to tie functions together for a more cohesive, integrated intelligent transportation system.” CAR is looking forward to working with Pinkerton in her new role. COTA and CAR both work with many of the same suppliers, which will allow for opportunities to engage in conversations about products as well as technological training, education and work force development opportunities for both organization’s associates.
Falato also said that the College of Engineering’s decision to elevate Maryn Weimer as the new director of Mobility will Courtney be extremely Falato beneficial in pulling together the variety of mobility areas around Ohio State. “Mobility is not just about the mode of transportation, but also the impact transportation has to a community and an individual’s quality of life,” she said.
Faculty and Researcher Highlights CANOVA NAMED ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION Marcello Canova has been promoted to associate director for research and education at the Center for Automotive Research (CAR). In his new role Canova will serve as the government lead for CAR and work closely with Ohio State’s government relations team to increase participation in federal agency proposals, build relationships with the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Transportation (DOT), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF) and national labs, and build potential opportunities in mobility and transportationrelated research by highlighting Ohio State’s research capabilities in Washington, D.C. “I am very excited for the opportunity to continue to contribute to the CAR mission,” said Canova. “I will do my very best to work with CAR, the College of Engineering and the university to expand the research and educational activities in the broad area of sustainable mobility.”
PROFESSOR’S BATTERY EXPERTISE ENHANCES CAR’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROGRAMS Jung-Hyun Kim, an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
RESEARCH
29
incorporates his expertise in batteries and fuel-cells into the electric vehicle (EV) programs at CAR. Kim, along with researchers at Ford Motor Co. are working on a CAR Membership Consortium project that aims to adopt high-voltage (around 5V) positive electrodes for solid-state (ceramic) Li-ion batteries. “All solid-state batteries which use ceramic electrolytes are considered the most promising energy storage system for next generation EVs due to their superior safety and energy density,” said Kim. “Therefore, it is timely to perform research in developing materials and cells and implementing this technology for EV applications.” The major challenge lies in stabilizing the electrode/solid-electrolyte interface and achieving an extended life cycle of the solid-state batteries. To combat this, Kim and his team plan to optimize the three interwoven parameters that govern the physical properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces – materials combination, microstructural design and processing parameters. “Ford has profound R&D expertise in the area of solid-electrolytes that perfectly matches with my research background on the materials synthesis and fabrication process of ceramic devices, which will make a synergy and an innovation for the next-generation of Li-ion batteries,” said Kim. Chan-Yeop Yu, a mechanical engineering PhD student, has performed research identifying thermodynamic stability of high-voltage cathode materials that come into contact with ceramic electrolytes (e.g., oxide and phosphate) under device-fabrication conditions such as heating the materials up to just above the melting point. The information gained from this project provides useful guidance in determining cathode-electrolyte combinations, which is crucial in developing the solid-state batteries. Moving forward, Kim and his team will expand their research scope into sulfide-based electrolyte materials and their interfacial properties with cathode materials. “This is a relatively new concept in R&D and worthwhile to explore based on their promising battery performances,” said Kim. Kim’s ultimate goal is to establish the Ohio State Energy Storage Hub, a world class network of laboratories and centers supporting energy research which will include CAR, the Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis and Nanotech West, which is
30
RESEARCH
driven by Ohio State’s Discovery Themes. Through this activity he plans to catalyze a collaborative effort of the energy storage research between the various research groups and actively participate in multidisciplinary research and teaching activities across the campus. Kim joined CAR and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in August, 2016. He obtained his PhD in 2009 from the University of Texas at Austin and worked as a postdoc at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory throughout 2010. Prior to joining Ohio State, Kim worked as a senior researcher at General Motors (GM) R&D in Warren, Michigan from 2011 – 2016. “I admire the spirit of CAR that fosters creativity and learning in students’ young minds,” said Kim. ”Under Giorgio (Rizzoni’s) leadership I have observed the true impact of student-centered learning which significantly motivates students. The self-driven students are truly the best resource and the pride of CAR. I am enjoying the great educational and workplace culture here.”
ADVISOR USES SIMULATIONS AND TEAMWORK TO ASSESS VEHICLE DYNAMICS Jeff Chrstos, PhD, is bringing his industry knowledge of vehicle dynamics from the race track to the lab at the Center for Automotive Research (CAR). Chrstos has been contracted to Ford’s racing activities since 1998, working on simulation and vehicle dynamics for IndyCar, Formula One, NASCAR and International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) races. He has been bringing this experience to CAR since 2009 where he works with his former PhD committee member, professor Giorgio Rizzoni, director of CAR. “My research is on passenger and racing vehicle dynamics: vehicle ride and handling,” said Chrstos.
In addition to performing research at CAR, Chrstos assists all student motorsports teams on vehicle dynamics-related topics and has been the advisor for the Formula Buckeyes since 2015. “Engineering is a difficult career to understand until you start working with engineers,” Chrstos explained. “The best way to do this is through internships, and that can even start in high school. I did three co-op rotations when I was an undergraduate at Drexel Engineering, and they were extremely helpful in helping me understand what direction I wanted my engineering career to go.”
QADEER AHMED BRINGS CONTROL SYSTEMS EXPERTISE TO CAR “This is through computer simulation and physical testing.” At CAR, Chrstos uses Driver-in-the-Loop(DiL) simulator technology to test vehicle dynamics under a variety of simulated conditions. It’s difficult for engineers and drivers to anticipate race conditions and make proper adjustments at the track, so the simulations allow engineers to tune the vehicle’s baseline settings before leaving for the race. In a DiL simulator, the driver is able to sit in a functioning model of the real car and practice maneuvers without taking the car out of the garage. The simulator consists of a series of screens that show virtually what the driver would see in reality, as well as a passenger seat situated on a “buck,” which contains the vehicle’s front framework, steering wheel, dashboard, pedals, gearshift and switches to accurately mimic the driver’s activities and lines of sight. Chrstos, with the help of student researchers and industry sponsors, is building a small DiL simulator which will be available for use by the university’s student motorsports teams and in some automotiverelated classes. In fact, the Formula Buckeyes team is building a detachable cover for the simulator’s buck that replicates the interior of the racecar, allowing vehicle dynamics assessment and driver training to be conducted in the virtual world.
After receiving his bachelor’s and master’s degrees and PhD in Pakistan, Qadeer Ahmed was offered a postdoctoral position in 2012 at the Center of Automotive Research (CAR) where he has continued to grow and enjoy his career. As a research scientist at CAR, Ahmed takes concepts from his expertise in control systems and applies them to various automotive systems including powertrain control, diagnostics and functional safety. Ahmed is working on the diagnostics of 8-speed and 10-speed automatic transmissions with Eeshan Deosthale, a mechanical and aerospace engineering graduate student. vThe 10-speed automatic transmissions offer higher fuel economy benefits, but at the cost of more complexity, which offers various diagnostic challenges. “The goal is to determine the minimum set of sensors and diagnostic algorithms for efficient diagnostics of modern automatic transmissions,” said Ahmed. In another recently concluded project, Ahmed, along with CAR graduate research associates Bharat Hegde and Avinash Vallur, analyzed the benefits of technology related to connected and autonomous vehicles in powertrain control to make it fuel efficient. They explored different sensors including GPS, IMU, LiDAR and RADAR to find their benefits in improving the fuel economy of a delivery truck and a line haul truck. They also developed a traffic-in-loop simulator and tested a look-ahead control scheme in the virtual scenarios. As a result, the team found that if more information is available prior to starting a trip, better fuel economy can be achieved.
RESEARCH
31
“At CAR I have the pleasure of sitting in a world-class academic environment and working on real-world industrial problems,” said Ahmed. “I enjoy being a part of a great team here and would like to continue contributing and taking the center to the next level of achievements while helping the automotive industry solve real-world problems.”
OPPORTUNITY TO WORK WITH RECORD BREAKING VEHICLE DREW D’ARPINO TO CAR Matilde D’Arpino was first drawn to the Center for Automotive Research and the Buckeye Bullet team when she met CAR’s director, Director Giorgio Rizzoni at a conference in Florence Italy. “Prof. Rizzoni spoke about the challenges of designing a high-powered land speed record vehicle,” said D’Arpino. “It was really interesting to learn about the R&D opportunity in power electronics and vehicle control and pushed me to leave Cassino, Italy and spend a summer at CAR working with the Buckeye Bullet team.” A single summer turned into more than three years at CAR where she is now a senior research associate specializing in electrical systems and vehicle technologies. “As a researcher, I enjoy model, design and optimization systems and components. Working at CAR gives me the ability to implement, integrate and test my research products in a real-world environment,” said D’Arpino. Additionally, D’Arpino stays involved with what brought her to CAR in the first place – the Venturi Buckeye Bullet. She has collaborated with and supervised several of the students on the team and said that it has been an amazing experience for both professional and personal growth. “I had the chance to apply my knowledge in power electronics and energy management to this special vehicle and the vehicle improvement allowed us to set a land speed record of 341 miles per hour!” she said.
32
RESEARCH
Photo credit: Shiv Gohil / Spacesuit Media
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Engineering Services NEW, STATE-OF-THE-ART BATTERY LAB PLANNED FOR CAR The battery testing facilities currently available at the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) are a result of more than a decadeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s worth of energy storage system related research. With an increased interest from the automotive industry in uses newer battery technologies for electrification of vehicles there has been continuous usage of the battery test facilities at CAR over the past years. In order to further support research in the area of energy storage systems, there is a plan to expand and upgrade the current battery testing facilities at CAR. The new battery lab will be equipped with state-of-theart automated battery cyclers to support the testing of low-voltage cells (<10V) and battery modules (up to 60V). The lab will be in close proximity to the existing high power (250 kW) test bench and Hardware-in-theLoop (HIL) battery lab. The new lab will be designed to also assist in the development of thermal management systems for cells and fabricated battery modules through the use of thermo-electric junctions, cold plates and a chiller for liquid cooling. The plan for the lab also includes the implementation of a calibration rack for the automated, easy and routine calibration of equipment and sensors in order to maintain high accuracy and precision.
battery testing facility also supports the motorsports team and provides industry partners the opportunity to leverage CARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capabilities through engineering services contracts.
CAR DEVELOPS NEW ADVANCED POWERTRAIN LABORATORY The mobility industry is advancing rapidly and it is critical that the right tools are available to keep up with these new innovations. CAR is developing an Advanced Powertrain Laboratory with the capacity to analyze, experiment and investigate the design, operation and control of automotive powertrain systems with a focus on e-mobility. The capabilities will include electric machines, power electronics, electrical driveline components, micro-hybrid start/stop systems and advanced internal combustion engines for hybrid systems. This new lab will provide training to both undergraduate and graduate students through capstone design projects, motorsports teams and enhanced student recruitment activities so that they are familiar with future technologies and prepared for a career in the fast-paced automotive industry.
The updated facility will be used for projects associated with research topics such as battery modeling, stateof-health estimation, thermal modeling of batteries and system integration of batteries for electrified vehicles led by CAR faculty members Marcello Canova and Giorgio Rizzoni. Apart from research projects, the
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
35
FUTURE PLANS
CARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mission An interdisciplinary research center in The Ohio State Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College of Engineering, CAR is the preeminent research center in sustainable and safe mobility in the United States. CAR collaborates with industry and university partners as well as faculty at the top of their fields to provide our students with the skills and hands-on experience to prepare them for a future in mobility.
INDUSTRY
SMART MOBILITY
EARNINGS
MOTORSPORTS
OUTREACH
Develop targeted strategies to engage with our industry partners and continue to develop opportunities to work together.
Grow in the space of smart and connected mobility through interdisciplinary connected research.
Support faculty, students and operations through revenue generating opportunities such as engineering services and distance education.
Produce multi-faceted students who are experts and leaders in their field.
Engage and educate the next generation about the automotive industry and what the future of mobility will look like for them.
FUTURE PLANS
37
Collaborating Faculty and Senior Researchers AEDE
// Agricultural,
Environmental, and Development Economics
BMEA
Gary Joseph Heydinger
// Biomedical
Education and Anatomy
Modeling, simulating, testing and analyzing vehicle handling dynamics stability
Kenneth Jones
Benjamin J. Yurkovich
jones.4@osu.edu
Spatial modeling of land use and the development of integrated models of land use and ecosystem services at local and regional scales irwin.78@osu.edu
CAR
Data modeling for big data and large scale infrastructure, battery management, system identification and modeling simulation
// Center for
yurkovich.7@osu.edu
Automotive Research
Anthropology
ARC
Qadeer Ahmed
Samuel D. Stout
Automotive systems modeling, estimation, control and diagnostics
Skeletal biology
ahmed.358@osu.edu
stout.126@osu.edu
Greg Busch
// Aerospace
Research Center
CB
// Chemistry and Biochemistry Anne Co Advanced Electrocatalytic Materials for Chemical Conversion and Energy Storage
Vehicle cooling, thermal management systems, fluid systems analysis, aircraft icing and applied aerodynamics
co.5@osu.edu
CBE
// Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering
Matthew McCrink
Electric power machines
Modeling and simulation, control theory, aerodynamics, mechatronics, aeronautics, experimental fluid mechanics, mobile robotics
cantemir.1@osu.edu
Jeff Chrstos
Bhavik Ramesh Bakshi
mccrink.2@osu.edu
Vehicle dynamics, driverin-the-loop simulators, tire modeling
Sustainability science and engineering, process systems engineering
chrstos.1@osu.edu bakshi.2@osu.edu
Matilde Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Arpino Implementation of highperformance electric vehicle control strategy, new modulation techniques for power converters and power flow management for multisource charging stations darpino.2@osu.edu
38
APPENDIX
Geospatial data analytics
Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering
qin.324@osu.edu
Andre Carrel
Liang-Shih Fan Fluidization, Multiphase Flow, Particulate Reaction Engineering, Particle Technology, Energy and Environmental Engineering fan.1@osu.edu
Charles Toth
Data mining, sensor networks and technologies, spatial analytics, discrete choice modeling and urban computation
2D/3D signal processing and spatial information systems, photogrammetry, LiDAR and remote sensing toth.2@osu.edu
carrel.20@osu.edu
Bejamin Coifman Intelligent transportation systems, traffic surveillance, control and flow theory, driver dynamics and application of advanced technologies to transportation problems
CEMAS
//
Center for Electron Microscopy Analysis
coifman.1@osu.edu
Robert E. Williams
Dorota GrejnerBrzezinska
High resolution electron microscopy
GPS, satellite and inertial geodesy, multisensor integration
williams.2156@osu.edu
grejner-brzezinska.1@osu.edu
Andy May
busch.62@osu.edu
CG Cantemir
Rongjun Qin
// Civil,
heydinger.4@osu.edu
Anatomy
Elena Irwin
CEGE
Air quality may.561@osu.edu
CSE
//
Computer Science and Engineering
Mark McCord
Rajiv Ramnath
Transportation systems, engineering and planning
Intelligent Systems, systems networking and signal processing, software engineering and software applications, enterprise strategy, engineering and management
mccord.2@osu.edu
Rabi Mishalani Application of probabilistic modeling, statistical inference, experimental design and evaluation and optimization to transportation systems analysis mishalani.1@osu.edu
ramnath.6@osu.edu
Paolo A. Sivilotti Tools and techniques for developing high-confidence distributed software sivilotti.1@osu.edu
ECE
// Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Fusun Ozguner
Jiankang Wang
High performance parallel computing
Power system operation and planning, electricity markets, demand side management, distributed generation and renewable energy
ozguner.2@osu.edu
Chi-Chih Chen Radar technology chen.118@osu.edu
Eylem Ekici Computer networks, wireless and satellite systems, routing protocols and QoS provisioning ekici.2@osu.edu
Lisa Fiorentini Control and system theory, nonlinear and adaptive control, robust control, tracking and regulation problems with applications in aerospace and automotive engineering fiorentini.2@osu.edu
Abhishek Gupta Decentralized control, game theory, auctions, electricity markets, probability theory gupta.706@osu.edu
Mahesh Illindala Microgrids, distributed energy resources, electrical energy conversion and storage, advanced electric drive transportation systems. illindala.1@osu.edu
Emre Koksal Wireless communication and networking koksal.2@osu.edu
Umit Ozguner
wang.6536@osu.edu
Intelligent control of large, decentralized systems, automotive control, intelligent vehicle highway system
Jin Wang
Keith Redmill
wang.1248@osu.edu
Autonomous vehicles and robots, intelligent transportation systems, vehicle and bus tracking, wireless data communication, CDPD, GPS and GIS technologies
Longya Xu
ozguner.1@osu.edu
xu.3@osu.edu
Andrea Serrani
Wei Zhang
Nonlinear control and systems theory, guidance and control of aerospace, underwater and terrestrial vehicles
Control theory, optimization, and game theory, to aid in the analysis and design of complex cyberphysical systems
serrani.1@osu.edu
zhang.491@osu.edu
Power electronic converters, control of variable-speed drives, finite element analysis, solid state control of electric power systems
Graeme Smith
smith.8347@osu.edu
EE
//
Engineering Education
Wladimiro Villarroel
Rachel L. Kajfez
Conformal antenna design and optimization, vehicular antennas, applied project management
kajfez.2@osu.edu
villarroel.1@osu.edu
//
Electroscience Lab Andrew O’Brien Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, antenna arrays, antenna electronics and adaptive array signal processing
Power electronics circuits and control for renewable energy and hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles
ozguner.1@osu.edu
Development of cognitive sensors inspired by biological organisms
ESL
obrien.200@osu.edu
FCOB
// Fisher
College of Business Greg Allenby
ISE
// Integrated
Systems Engineering Antonio Jesus Conejo Navarro Integrated systems engineering conejonavarro.1@osu.edu
Ramteen Sioshansi Operations research, energy systems sioshansi.1@osu.edu
David Woods
Development and application of quantitative methods in marketing
Cognitive engineering, complexity and resilience, autonomous systems, sensor overload
allenby.1@osu.edu
woods.2@osu.edu
Cathy Honghui Xia
HRS // School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Cloud computing, stochastic networks, dynamic pricing/ control, communication networks xia.52@osu.edu
Amanda Agnew Human anatomy and biologic anthropology agnew.17@osu.edu
Engineering education
John Bolte Injury biomechanics, child injury prevention bolte.6@osu.edu
Yun Seok Kang Injury biomechanics, instrumentation technique development, multibody kinematics and dynamics kang.286@osu.edu
APPENDIX
39
KSA
// Austin E.
Knowlton School of Architecture
Bharat Bhushan
Rebecca Dupaix
Jung Hyun Kim
Ahmet Selamet
Biomimetic interface science, surface engineering, nanotribology and materials research
Mechanical behavior of polymers, bio-materials, and polymer-based composites, deformation processing of polymers, biological tissue engineering
Energy storage, batteries and fuel cells
Internal combustion engines, acoustics, noise control, combustion, heat transfer and fluid dynamics
bhushan.2@osu.edu
Gulsah Akar Travel demand analysis and choice modeling akar.3@osu.edu
Zhenhua Chen Regional science, risk and resilience, transportation planning and policy chen.7172@osu.edu
MAE
selamet.1@osu.edu
Seung-Hyun Kim
Jeffrey Bons
dupaix.1@osu.edu
Heat transfer, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics
James Gregory
kim.5061@osu.edu
Rotorcraft aeromechanics, bluff body wake control, and development of advanced measurement techniques
Anthony Luscher
singh.3@osu.edu
Simulation and development of innovative joining and fastening systems
Soheil Soghrati
bons.2@osu.edu
Marcello Canova Energy conversion and energy storage systems for automotive applications, dynamic system modeling and optimization
Amber Woodburn
canova.1@osu.edu
Spatial-statistical analysis of transportation systems
Lei Raymond Cao
woodburn.26@osu.edu
kim.6776@osu.edu
Radiation sensor development, nuclear instrumentation and detection methods, reactor instrumentation
Turbulent combustion
gregory.234@osu.edu
Denny Guenther Vehicle dynamics and vehicle design guenther.1@osu.edu
luscher.3@osu.edu
Energy conversion and storage systems for automotive applications Guezennec.@osu.edu
Randall Mathison mathison.4@osu.edu
Bilin Aksun Guvenc
cho.867@osu.edu
guvenc.1@osu.edu
maumder.2@osu.edu
Marcelo Dapino
Ryan Harne
Connected and automated vehicles, vehicle control systems, unctional safety
Smart materials and structures
Mechanics, dynamics, vibrations, acoustics and waves
Shawn Midlam-Mohler
aksunguvenc.1@osu.edu
dapino.1@osu.edu
harne.3@osu.edu
Model-based design of complex systems, advanced automotive powertrain systems
Mike Benzakein
Richard D. Dehner
Joseph Heremans
midlam-mohler.1@osu.edu
Biomimetic interface science, surface engineering, nanotribology and materials research
Turbocharger compression, internal combustion engines
Thermal properties of matter and applications to energy conversion
Giorgio Rizzoni
dehner.10@osu.edu
heremans.1@osu.edu
benzakein.2@osu.edu
Necip Berme Integrated Immersive Reality Evaluation system berme.1@osu.edu
Michael Dunn
Donald Houser
Aerodynamic and heat transfer, aeromechanics and structural dynamics
Gear and power transmissions
dunn.129@osu.edu
houser.4@osu.edu
Automatic transmission modeling and control
Vishwanath Subramaniam
Automotive control and mechatronics, autonomous road vehicles, cooperative mobility, robust control
Hanna Cho
Levent Guvenc
Cheena Srinivasan
srinivasan.3@osu.edu
Nonlinear dynamics in micro/nanoscale mechanical systems
and Aerospace Engineering
cao.76@osu.edu
Computational solid mechanics
Sandip Mazumder Computational fluid dynamics, reacting flows with applications in combustion, catalytic conversion, fuel cells and chemical vapor deposition, thermal radiation, non-equilibrium transport phenomena
// Mechanical
Acoustics, machine dynamics, vibrations, non-linear dynamics and signal processing
soghrati.1@osu.edu
Gas turbines
Yann Guezennec
Rajendra Singh
System dynamics, measurements, control and fault diagnosis with application to automotive systems rizzoni.1@osu.edu
Interaction between low-frequency weak electromagnetic fields and tissues, cells and similar biological systems subramaniam.1@osu.edu
Vishnu Sundaresan Smart material systems sundaresan.19@osu.edu
Jeffrey A. Sutton Turbulance and combustion research sutton.235@osu.edu
Mei Zhuang CFD and CAA simulation for flow and aerodynamic noise prediction zhuang.15@osu.edu
40
APPENDIX
Microbiology Michael Ibba Cellular health
OARDC
//
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
//
Materials Science and Engineering Glenn Daehn
//
School of Environment and Natural Resources Nicole D. Sintov
ibba.1@osu.edu
MSE
SENR
Katrina Cornish
Environmental psychology
Bio-based emergent materials, natural rubber biosynthesis and production
sintov.2@osu.edu
cornish.19@osu.edu
OR
//
Office of Research
SIMCenter // Simulation Innovation and Modeling Center
Impulse-based manufacturing daehn.1@osu.edu
Gerald Frankel Degradation of materials, atmospheric corrosion, corrosion inhibition frankel.10@osu.edu
Joerg Jinschek Electron microposy and analysis jinschek.1@osu.edu
Janet Weisenberger
Punit Jayant Tulpule
Hearing science, driver behavior
Design of multiphysics systems
weisenberger.21@osu.edu
tulpule.3@osu.edu
Pathology Peter Baker III Anatomic pathology baker.14@osu.edu
David McComb Electrion microscopy and analysis
Radiology
mccomb.2@osu.edu
Anupam Vivek Experimental design and analysis for impulse-based metal forming vivek.4@osu.edu
Petra M. F. Schmalbrock Neuro MRI Schmalbrock.1@osu.edu
Joseph Peter Yu Radiology joseph.yu@osuwmc.edu
APPENDIX
41
CAR Champions
MIDLAM-MOHLER AWARDED NSF ECOCAR OUTSTANDING FACULTY ADVISOR AWARD Shawn Midlam-Mohler is more than just the faculty advisor for the Ohio State EcoCAR team, he is a mentor to his students who pushes them to achieve their goals and take risks. For these reasons among others, Midlam-Mohler is the recipient of the 2018 NSF Outstanding Faculty Advisor Award.
YANN GUEZENNEC RECOGNIZED WITH BLASER AWARD Congratulations to Yann Guezennec who was recognized for his lifetime of service to CAR with the Dwight Blaser Meritorious Award. This award is presented annually to an individual whose sustained extraordinary personal services have made a significant and lasting effect on the advancement of the Center for Automotive Research. From the early days of working to help develop the center, to his commitment to the expansion of CAR research and distance education, and his continued involvement post-retirement, Guezennec, now a faculty emeritus of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, has played an integral role in CAR’s past, present and future success.
This award recognizes a faculty advisor who promotes the goals, objectives and activities related to EcoCAR, has creates the best automotive engineering and engineering design experience for their students and uses EcoCAR to enrich the university engineering program. “It was a great honor to receive the 2018 NSF Faculty Advisor Award,” said MidlamMohler. “I have been blessed to be able to work with a dedicated, creative and talented group of students. Succeeding in something like EcoCAR requires the contributions of hundreds of students, multiple departments and centers within Ohio State and multiple partnerships with industry. It has been a tremendous experience to help our students coordinate and execute this project.”
AHMED RECEIVES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING LUMLEY ENGINEERING RESEARCH AWARD Congratulations to research scientist, Qadeer Ahmed, who received a 2018 Lumley Engineering Research Award for his exceptional activity and success in pursuing new knowledge of a fundamental or applied nature. Ahmed is only the second research scientist from CAR to ever receive this award. “I am pleased, honored and humbled to receive this award. A special thanks to Almighty Allah, my family and the wonderful team at CAR,” said Ahmed.
42
APPENDIX
SELAMET RECEIVES RALPH K. HILLQUIST NVH LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD For more than 30 years, Professor Ahmet Selamet has served as a leader in the mechanical engineering field. His groundbreaking research has explored advanced automotive powertrain systems, wave dynamics, noise and pollutant emission control, combustion, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. To recognize his significant contributions, Selamet was named the 2017 recipient of the Ralph K. Hillquist NVH Lifetime Achievement Award, which was presented by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) International. This honor, which is given to only one individual every other year, recognizes those who have made outstanding contributions to ground vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness research for 15 years or more. The award is named in honor of Ralph Hillquist, the founder of the SAE Noise and Vibration Conference. “I was fortunate to know Ralph Hillquist from the 1990s, when I first started participating in the Noise and Vibration Conference,” said Selamet. “He was a wise man and earned a great deal of my respect.”
MARYN WEIMER NAMED MOBILITY DIRECTOR Maryn Weimer has been named mobility director for The Ohio State College of Engineering and Center for Automotive Research. Weimer will be a mobility advocate for the College of Engineering on a university-wide team to implement and execute clear strategies for research growth centered around sustainable mobility. She will work with Ohio State units to increase Ohio State’s partnerships with corporate, foundation, state and federal entities to identify initiatives that Ohio State is uniquely capable of addressing.
MATILDE D’ARPINO PRESENTED WITH BEST PAPER AWARD AT 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE CAR research associate Matilde D’Arpino, PhD, received the best paper award for the paper titled “Dynamic modeling for electric vehicle land speed record performance prediction” at the 2017 IEEE International Transportation Electrification Conference in Harbin, China. The paper describes the computational tools developed by the Venturi Buckeye Bullet 3 (VBB3) team used to study the performance of their land speed record vehicle. The co-simulation approach uses two commercial software packages, MATLAB™ and CarSim™, to simulate the vehicle dynamic stability (both aerodynamics and chassis stability) when coupled with the 1.5MW all-wheel drive electric powertrain. The tools perform computations that involve the dynamic performance of the vehicle, the power electronics and electric machines, the battery systems and the thermal performance of each subsystem. The co-simulation tool is capable of interacting with software that emulates all of the control systems on board the vehicle, thus providing the ability to simulate real-world conditions prior to testing the control algorithms on the Salt Flats where the VBB3 performs.
“Ohio State is uniquely positioned to be a leader in mobility – from the very technical research to the advanced research in human behaviors, we are well positioned to pull all of this expertise together and stand on one mobility platform for Ohio State,” said Weimer.
APPENDIX
43
Address: 930 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 Phone: 614-292-5990 Fax: 614-688-4111 Email: car@osu.edu Online: car.osu.edu go.osu.edu/CARLinkedIn Facebook.com/OSUCenterforAutomotiveResearch @OSUCtrAutoRsrch