Key science skills
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KEY IDEAS In this topic, you will learn that:
SA LE FIGURE 1 You need to determine how you are going to conduct your investigation and what kind of data you will measure.
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When formulating hypotheses, consider the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and make sure the possible outcome is formed from accurate scientific knowledge.
The key science skills are central to the VCE Biology course, across Units 1–4 and over all Areas of Study. They will be essential when you undertake investigations and evaluate research. These science skills are important for planning and conducting practical investigations, collating and analysing primary and secondary data, organising data in an informed manner, identifying errors and uncertainty, critically evaluating methodology, and researching and communicating scientific ideas. Practising the key science skills is important for succeeding in your assessments, and opportunities for this are available throughout this course.
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Study tip
the key science skills are important to succeeding in VCE Biology.
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Understanding the key science skills There are seven main key science skills, which you should consider when conducting practical investigations and evaluating research. These are summarised in Table 1.
the variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment
TABLE 1 The key science skills as outlined by VCAA
Key science skill
N LY
independent variable
• •
controlled variable
Plan and conduct • investigations
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a variable that is kept constant in an experiment
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the variable being tested and measured in an experiment
Develop aims and questions, formulate hypotheses and make predictions
dependent variable
• •
•
hypothesis
D
a prediction of the outcome of a practical investigation based on accurate scientific knowledge
risk assessment a document that outlines the potential risks, hazards and subsequent control measures that should be taken to avoid harm
8
Comply with • safety and ethical guidelines •
BIOLOGY FOR VCE UNITS 1 & 2
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VCE Biology Units 1–4
identify, research and construct aims and questions for investigation identify independent, dependent and controlled variables in controlled experiments formulate hypotheses to focus investigations predict possible outcomes determine appropriate investigation methodology: case study; classification and identification; controlled experiment; correlational study; field work; literature review; modelling; product, process or system development; simulation design and conduct investigations; select and use methods appropriate to the investigation, including consideration of sampling technique and size, equipment and procedures, taking into account potential sources of error and uncertainty; determine the type and amount of qualitative and/or quantitative data to be generated or collated work independently and collaboratively as appropriate and within identified research constraints, adapting or extending processes as required and recording such modifications demonstrate safe laboratory practices when planning and conducting investigations using risk assessments, informed by safety data sheets (SDS), and accounting for risks apply relevant occupational health and safety guidelines while undertaking practical investigations demonstrate ethical conduct when undertaking and reporting investigations OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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