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Yusuf Estes at AUB: “Do you believe in what you believe?”

Loulwa Kalache & Karim Zahed Staff Writers / Mohammad B. Azzam Photographer “Have you thought about what you believe in?

Have you ever felt that you need someone to point out where you’re going wrong?”

Yusuf Estes, a prominent figure in global Islamic movements, gave a speech entitled “My Journey to Islam,” on Monday, January 9. The AUB Insight Club hosted the event in the Issam Fares Hall, with over 500 people that attended to hear Estes’ story.

An American from Texas, and an activist in Islamic missionary work in the United States, Estes was born in a religious Protestant family, and worked in the music industry for 20 years. He was also a firm believer in “Born Again” Christianity, preaching its values to the public.

What attracted Yusuf Estes to Islam? “Nothing, absolutely nothing” he said. Estes attested that he wasn’t looking for a new religion, had full faith in God, and had great relations with the church.

“All religions have their cliques; they fight over these traditions,” said Estes. Whether they are Jews, Muslims, Christians or Buddhists, people are always fighting about whose right and who’s wrong, explained Estes. He expressed that he had huge misconceptions about Islam, and did not want to meet Muslims, talk with Muslims, or

‫اوﺗﻠﻮك‬ even read about them. Fate had it that he had to covers his head, with a long beard and a sword. land a deal with an Egyptian business man. But Estes believed that the only way to help the man, as stereotypes so often prevail, Estes had an im- was to bring him to Christianity. age about Mohammad, the Egyptian, would defiContinued on Page 3 nitely be wearing a white gown, a big cloth that

Parental pressure increases depression among students May Jabado Special-to-Outlook Lama knew when she was going to kill herself.

“Everyday was better because I knew it was going to end soon,” she said with a sigh. “I figured that at least this way I would get to choose when it ends. It made me feel in control.”

Lama, 19, junior, is one of many students at the American University of Beirut (AUB), who suffers from depression. According to Antoine Khabbaz, director of the university’s counseling center, there has been a significant increase in the number of students visiting him for depression.

“The simple fact of accessing adulthood can be depressive, especially in an environment like ours,” said Khabbaz. He explained that in highcontext societies, all could be lost from one minute to another. Khabbaz believes this usually causes young adults to develop apprehension and a strong fear of loss. www.aub.edu.lb/outlook

An informal online survey was conducted during the week of Nov. 21, 2011, to which 70 AUB students responded. The questions were based on the main psychological symptoms of depression cited by the British National Health System’s official website. More than half reported to regularly experience feelings of low self-esteem, and one third reported to regularly experience anxiety.

Furthermore, more than three quarters reported feelings of guilt, and two thirds reported to often feel helpless and/or hopeless.

Khaled Nasser, a lecturer in interpersonal communication, explained that a student’s selfconcept is highly influenced by his parents.

Nasser’s argument was supported by an online survey, which found that 89 percent of students care about their parents’ opinions when making personal decisions. The survey also showed that

parental pressure contributed to 13.2 percent of depression symptoms’ variations among the student sample.

Lama felt like an outsider to her family because her strong views opposed that of her parents.

“Now that I am living abroad (her parents are in the Gulf), I feel a bit better,” she added.

Khabbaz said that it is usually students who come from conservative backgrounds and are suddenly faced with AUB’s liberal ways that seem to experience the most dissonance. “Girls are particularly vulnerable to this, as the repertoire of acceptance and room for error is usually way narrower for them than it is for boys,” mentioned Khabbaz.

Continued on Page 3

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Campus News

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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FEA Annual Christmas Dinner Weam Alawar Staff Writer

For the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, the December holiday spirit doesn’t really arrive until the annual FEA Christmas Dinner. This year was no different, as everyone bought their tickets and headed to Le Bristol, Hamra on Tuesday, December 20.

The prospective engineers arrived to the event,

formally dressed, and were directed to their tables.

Caren Zogheib, Chair of the IEEE AUB student Branch, and Carl Abou Samra, Vice President of CES welcomed all the attendees, and announced the beginning of the dinner by distributing the gifts to 15 tombola winners. The gifts were watches from Ice Watch, one of the sponsors, as well as

headphones. Romy Kahil, Tracy Bardawil, Hassan Bitar, Farah Mounzer, Raed Zaidan, Racehl Fakhry and Ibrahim Deeb are but part of the 15 winners!

The dinner, sponsored by Grace (Al Faiha for construction products), Ice Watch, and Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC), commenced after the gift distribution. The main dish was then served along with appetizers and open drinks.

After everyone had their share of the good food and the dessert that followed, the dance floor was rocked by all the dancers.

“As every year, the Christmas Dinner was an arduous event to organize, but on the day, the hard work pays off and it’s really fulfilling to see everyone enjoying their time. Thankfully, all feedback we got from attendees was positive,” commented Issam Kayssi, Secretary of CES. Sami Ramly, from IEEE added,”...it was one of those rare moments of the year where you remember that your college experience is not just going to class and coming back home; you actually feel that you belong to this wonderful community of students and friends who know how to live and know how to have fun” Everyone left the event content with the fun they had, and ready to welcome the holidays and start a fresh new year.

CCS ends semester with gathering

Ali Kassem News Executive

The semester has reached a close. On an individual level, that means exams. On a wider level, that has completely different implications. For AUB clubs, every end, as well as every beginning, is a chance to reassess and examine what has been achieved, as well as what has been not, in the past semester. This is usually done, if done, on the level of each club’s governing body.

The Cultural Club of the South decided to break that rule and held a gathering of all club members, as well as club friends, in AUB’s West Hall. The meeting had many goals; most notably it aimed at gathering all the club members and friends to discuss ongoing issues as well as past and upcoming events. It was also a means through which the club “cabinet [could] hear what members and friends had to say,” according to Ali Rida Rizk, CCS Vice President. Additionally, the meeting was an attempt to honor all club members and friends, particularly graduating ones.

The meeting, following some introductory procedures, witnessed the showing of a movie and a speech by CCS member Mahdi Alloush.

Afterwards, the congregation moved on to discuss the happenings of the past semester with Ali Rida Rizk. Rizk went over the various as-

pects of the club’s activities and then explained how each one of them had gone. He reflected on the success of most, and expressed gratitude to the dedicated members that made such a success possible. He then reflected on the few disappointments as well as the approach to be taken vis-à-vis such occurrences.

Rizk also went over the major club events this semester; from weekly “cultural lessons” to the Ashura movie screening. Rizk expressed pleasure regarding the success and the turnout of the various events but did stress the importance of keeping up that stamina, demanding dedication and hard work from club members.

Additionally, Rizk spoke of the philosophy the Cultural Club of the South lives by; the reasons for its existence at AUB. He also stated that CCS is unique; placing much responsibility on the shoulders of its members.

Throughout his speech and the accompanying presentation Rizk made a number of important points. Most important was Rizk’s explanation of the relationship the club members should have with club events. Hence, Rizk explained that club events were only successful if club members participated. Further, club happenings are only successful if the non-partici-

pating club members and club friends supported. He often conveyed gratitude to the behavior of CCS members throughout the semester, a behavior that has allowed accomplishment to be the rule, according to the Vice President.

After Rizk’s presentation an evaluation sheet was filled by the attendants. From evaluating the club and its relation with other AUB clubs to assessing particular events, the sheet was exhaustive of the Fall semester. Similarly, from weighing proposed ideas for events during the spring semester to proposing new ones the sheet was also exhaustive of the Spring 2012 semester.

Task completed, the audience moved to the second floor of West Hall to feast on a variety of pastries and juices, as well as desserts.

Investigation Yusuf Estes at AUB continued

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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Loulwa Kalache & Karim Zahed Staff Writers / Mohammad B. Azzam Photographer Business brought them closer together, and Estes continued to present the man with religious information.

To his shock, Estes soon realized that Islam was the closest religion to Christianity. He would bring his Muslim friend to his church’s meetings where fellow Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox preachers tried to discuss the religious topics and the existence of God. Yusuf never had one doubt that God existed, and with time he discovered that the Qur’an confirmed that the original Bible was indeed the word of God. He was surprised to find the Qur’an was prov-

ing what he believed in Christianity. Before even converting, he admitted, “I loved to put my forehead on the ground and fully submit myself to God; exactly how Jesus used to do.”

After his friend, a Catholic priest, his wife, his father, converted to Islam, he followed.

Estes ended his lecture with a singular message: “You can’t tell God what his religion is.

There is only one God, one message, and one prophet hood.” With that, he concluded that, by believing in this complete message, he was able to “become closer to Jesus, closer to Muhammad, and eventually closer to God.”

Students denied free access to gym activities in AUB Jida Kaddoura Special-to-Outlook AUB students have been denied free access to the extracurricular classes given at Charles Hostler Gymnasium since the beginning of Fall 2011 for the first time since the center first launched in 2008.

AUB students have to pay an initial charge of 75,000L.L per term per class for the gym in order to attend classes. Ghaleb Halimi, Director of University Sports, said that this decision was taken by the Dean of Student Affairs. This charge would apply to undergrads, faculty members and staff, alumni students, and visitors.

Halimi said that last year students had abused free access by signing up for the courses they would not attend. “Students had to register for classes online and almost 90 percent of those registered never showed up to class, which unfortunately prevented other students from registering,” Halimi explained.

Alumni member Hala Droubi, 29, said that she used to pay only a yearly subscription for the past year, while now she has to pay extra for every class she attends. “I can pay the same amount of money and get better quality classes somewhere else,” she said.

Salwa Lababidi, 19, an economics junior, on the other hand, found the decision taken by the administration to be a very wise one. “Classes now compared to last year are less crowded,” said Lababidi, “The instructor can pay more attention to the students and help them individually.”

Halimi added that a very good percentage of students paid for Pilates and aerobics classes, while other classes such as “Power” are facing scarcity in attendance with less than four students attending.

When asked about the money that AUB students pay for social activity fees, Halimi explained that student’s pay 50,000L.L every year on activity fees. “Not even a small percent of the money is given to the gym,” Hailimi said The money the gym gets is generated from the membership fees, and the money goes to the general income budget of the gym.

Some students feel that the extra fee will just add needless extra pressure on them. “I used to attend aerobics classes regularly last year. But now paying $50 would make me committed to attend the class even more often,” said Tamara

Zeidan, 20, business junior.

Nathalie Jbeily, Pilate’s instructor, believed that those paying for the class are serious about their decision, not like previous years where students used to sign up for class just because it was free.

Nidal Malaeb, master fitness instructor at AUB, said that the decision made by the board of student affairs has also affected the members in the wellness program inclusively.

“I give Fight-do and Power class, but now I have only two or three students attending class,” he said. “Last year, members couldn’t the enter room because it was always full.”

But there seems to be a silver lining. “Our plan is to revisit the decision for the spring semester,” Hailimi said. “Hopefully, we will replant the old system.”

This article was originally submitted as an assignment for SOAN 205, Basic News Writing.

Parental pressure increases depression among students May Jabado Special-to-Outlook Continuation from front page “But ‘liberal’ parents can be far more pressuring than ‘conservative’ ones,” Khabbaz warned. “Saying ‘Do the best you can’ is sometimes way more imposing on the child, because he will keep on thinking that he can do better,” he added. He said that this injunction of freedom could be lived like a limiting one.

Malek, 22, senior, would agree. He said that his parents are close to him and don’t intervene

in his personal life unless he needs them to. “My dad thinks I could do better academically. I’m not as good a student as I used to be. It’s a lot of pressure because I don’t want to disappoint my parents and the people I care about. I try my best like they tell me to, but I don’t always succeed,” he said.

Both Nasser and Khabbaz agree that the way parents respond to their child’s depression also affects his/her well-being and recovery.

Elise*, 27, AUB alumna, felt she had to hide her depression. “ My dad wouldn’t even tell my grandma; he didn’t believe that depression exists,” she said. *the names of the following participants have been changed in order to respect their privacy.

This article was originally submitted as an assignment for SOAN 205, Basic News Writing.

Viewpoint

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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Resolutions, Revolutions, and Renaissance

Dalia Hosn News Executive

It’s the start of a new year and we’re already swamped! There isn’t much to do now but dredge ourselves through whatever looming problems we have leftover from 2011. The semester isn’t over yet, finals are just around the corner… but despite all that it’s still the start of a new year.

I’m pretty sure that most people only come up with New Year’s resolutions as some last-minute-half-hearted attempt at making a change.

But one week into the New Year it all flies out the window. Already people have broken their “I’ll never drink” or “I’ll study harder” promises and in a few months they might not even remember them.

But if we’ve learned anything from last year, it’s that change is possible. In 365 days the world around us has shifted beyond recognition; 2012 has truly been the year for change and accomplishments. I’m not going to brag about what you’ve probably heard a thousand times, about

changes in the region and new prospects. I’m just going to say that a lot has happened, and now we’re on the brink of a new year with its own prospects and opportunities. We can’t stop now.

This year can be known as that calm and uneventful year following one of wars and revolutions, or it can be known as the true time of cultural and artistic enlightenment. Maybe “enlightenment” sounds too over the top, but this time last year did anyone think it would be the year for “revolutions?” So why not aim for the highest we can aim for? Let us aim for enlightenment and a long-standing cultural awareness we can all be proud to be a part of.

Every political revolution in the history of the world has always been accompanied by a time of social, cultural, and artistic change, a Renaissance, if you will. Now is the time for scientific progress, artistic expression and social expansion. So will we be known as the

people who tired of the fight and went in for an early sleep, or will we stay strong and push our region and its culture beyond the limits? There are no limits, not for this region, not for this country, and especially not for you.

The end... but not really.

Camelia Harb Proofreader

The end of the semester is near. Finals are approaching, late nights are ensured, and stress levels will no doubt skyrocket. However, amidst the tabs we will all rack up for coffee expenses and the highlighted schedules that attempt to organize our time; there is a ray of sunshine. It is the end of the semester after all and along with that comes the end of routine and the chance for a fresh start.

I’ve often heard that people are tired of routine above all else and are excited that the new semester, even though it entails a new wave of work, deadlines, and stress, is just that: new. We all scramble for seats in courses during registration period and fight our way into the limited extra seats that open up. During the first week of any semester we determine how we are most likely to feel about the course and all that comes with it. Our thoughts are put to the test as the semester goes on and come to think of it, more often than not, at the end of the semester we

discover that our first impressions were pretty much right.

What are we left with at the end of every semester, then? A bittersweet memory of the professor’s teaching style, relief that the endless hours of dedication to assignments is over, or gratitude that we got the chance to take the course in the first place?

That’s just it though. While we all have ranked the semesters in order of popularity, we don’t forget what each semester has brought us. I for one know that some semester’s made me yearn for the start of the next while I loved others so much, I didn’t want them to end. For example, this semester was, as a friend put it, my “last Fall semester” in AUB. While I still have Spring to get through, it is weird to think that I will never again have an undergraduate Fall semester. Seems pretty trivial, right? However, each three month chunk of curriculum is what we choose to make it.

As the end of the semester draws nearer, cheer for being done with exams, cry over the fond memories you are left with, sit around and stare blankly at your textbooks if you wish, but know that each semester is important in the final outcome. So good luck with your finals, enjoy the break, and look forward to what could be your best semester yet.

Arts and Culture

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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Movie Review: Sherlock Holmes - A Game of Shadows Camelia Harb Proofreader

The end of the year release of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows was much anticipated after the great success of the first film in 2009. Continuing where its predecessor left off, A Game of Shadows presents a plot line in which the illustrious Sherlock Holmes, played by Robert Downey Jr., must discover and subsequently thwart the scheme of the famed Professor James Moriarty (Jared Harris). Joined once again by the beautiful and seductive Irene Adler (Rachel McAdams) and the witty Dr. John Watson (Jude Law), Holmes sets off on a journey that carries him across the borders of France, Germany and Switzerland. With the aid of fortune telling gypsy Madam Simza Heron (Noomi Rapace), Holmes and Watson, quickly become involved in a conundrum much larger than imagined and enter into the underbelly of society where power, money, and blackmail reign supreme. Besides dealing with the conflict with Moriarty, Holmes faces challenges on the home front as Watson’s impeding marriage finally takes place and Holme’s love interest Adler, disappears. The effects of these events on Holmes are noticeable as he must work through the internal turmoil that

arises from these personal losses.

While intelligence and deception are the prime tools of the trade (though the movie does sport quite a few gunshots, explosions and near death experiences), Holmes is challenged as his adversary’s skills rival his own, a scenario that creates many a tense and unpredictable standoff between the two men. The complex relationships between both characters and events is reflected in the almost turn about way the script is structured and the technique in which it is delivered is, while at times seemingly convoluted, brilliant.

Much like the first movie, A Game of Shadows features slow motion, emphasized scenes, 19th century styles, and a comical overtone. The cast does a wonderful job of bringing their characters to life, and thankfully, the characterizations continued from the first movie have stayed the same.

To avoid those horrible things known as spoilers, this movie should be watched rather than read about. If you enjoy mystery, deception, wit, or simply the acting style of Downey Jr. or Law, path of the detective; or a two hour visit to the this movie is right for you. All it takes is a sound movies. mind and desire for adventure to set you on the

Movie Review: Hugo Wael Bazzi Staff Writer Based on the award winning children’s book by Brian Selznick, Martin Scorsese’s Hugo tells the captivating tale of a gifted young boy who lives in Paris’ Gare Du Nord railway station. Scorsese takes his audience through the charming narrative of the Hugo Cabret’s life as an orphaned, hidden clock maintainer at a busy railway station in the early 20th century. Starring Sir Ben Kingsley (House of Sand & Fog) as George Méliès, the once infamous magician and film pioneer of the early 20th century whom hard times have reduced to the counter of a toy shop at the railway station. Here he meets Hugo, played by Asa Butterfield (The Boy in Striped Pyjamas), who continuously steals toys from Méliès’ shop, using the mechanical parts to finish repairing the broken automaton he and his father, played by Jude Law, discovered just before his death, leaving Hugo orphaned. After being caught, the toy shop owner becomes fascinated by Hugo’s brilliance and lets him work at his shop in exchange for not reporting him to the station’s security guard, played by none other than Sasha Baron Cohen (Borat). Hugo’s journey for acceptance leads him to the amiable Isabelle, Méliès’s goddaughter. The two children’s friendship, coupled

with their mutual interest for adventure and the cinema, leads them to uncover the hidden past of Isabelle’s godfather. The two quickly take it upon themselves to reintroduce Méliès to his dark and enchanted past.

What begins as an account of a young boy’s dayto-day struggle for survival and acceptance soon turns into a 3D history lesson, for all ages, on the very origins of cinema. The second part of the film is told through the lens of Georges Méliès’ life, indeed one of, if not the greatest early pioneers of cinema in the 20th century.

Martin Scorsese is known for directing such landmark Hollywood films as Raging Bull, Goodfellas, The Departed and Casino. The Italian American director/ producer, whose critical acclaim has risen substantially over the last 4 decades, with a star on the Hollywood walk of fame to boot, is known best for his R-rated gangster themed films. Furthermore the director has been praised for his uncanny ability to successfully fuse genres elegantly and excitingly, which is evident in his Hugo, a film he claims is dedicated to his children. The film has been nominated for more than 20 awards and has already received Best Picture and Best Director by

the National Board of Review.

Off Campus News

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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Housing Revolution Launches in Beirut Outlook Staff What is the main aim of the Beirut Housing Revolution (BHR)?

Beirut Housing Revolution (beiruthousingrevolution.com) is a housing reform initiative designed to bring transparency, accountability, and freedom of choice to the housing market in Beirut. It does so by using social media to connect the housing seeker with the housing provider in a way that cuts costs, prevents deception, and eases the process.

The impetus for the site came from my own bad personal experiences with landlords and brokers in Cairo, and a desire to create a website which would impede this sort of bad behavior, with brokers inflating prices and charging exorbitant fees, unscrupulous landlords mistreating their tenants, and a market whose prices only continue to swell.

Our team’s solution was a new form of social media for housing, whereby all information must be provided beforehand (price, pictures, agreement to not charge fees, etc.), directly beneath each ad members of our community would be able to reply.

In such an environment, the consumer can compare different options and go for the better option since all information is clearly laid out and accountable.

The site is 100% free to join, use, and post – we are sustained by online advertising.

You’ve spoken about accountability on the landlord/broker end. How is this accomplished?

Firstly, members are able to rate previous

housing experiences, which is then published.

Good landlords get good reviews and are promoted, bad landlords get bad reviews and potential renters are turned away – just like any other consumer advocacy site.

Secondly, beneath every ad – whether for a rental, a room, a rating – is the option for our members to publicly comment. Thus, if someone posts a bogus ad, or falsifies part of it, members can then remark on this publicly.

So far in our sister site in Cairo, this has worked – our ads remain clean and free of spam and the public can read the housing history of a number of apartments. As a result, the more scrupulous landlords in Cairo are increasingly using our site, as it is free, convenient, and very straightforward. Their tenants then write positive reviews about them, which direct more apartment seekers to them, and the cycle continues.

Unsavory landlords and most brokers (no fees allowed) do not like our site, and there are good reasons I had to leave Cairo.

You’ve already achieved success with BHR’s

sister site, CHR. Are there any differences between the two initatives?

The main problem with renting in Beirut is the astronomical rent we all have to pay, whereas in Cairo the problems revolve around brokers (with their fees) and a significant number of landlords who prey on their tenants. In CHR, most of our ads are people looking for a new roommate.

In functionality, the sites are largely identical.

What are your future plans for BHR? Our goal is to create a clean, transparent, and free medium that helps people find housing or roommates. Long-term, we’d like to have a significant impact in reducing housing costs in the city.

We just launched this weekend, so there aren’t going to be many ads on our website our Facebook page, but if people start using us to find apartments or roommates, or rate their last landlord, we can start working on these goals.

As a member of the AUB community, I’d love to have everyone’s help in getting this up and working for you.

Editorial: A bit of tolerance Lojine Kamel Editor-in-Chief

one’s own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.” John F. Kennedy

“Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to

Recently, a string of religious lectures has been presented at and around AUB. Though many of them have received positive reactions there have been several incidents of blatant intolerance.

Perhaps AUB, a secular institution, is not the place for such religious lectures. Yet perhaps secular institutions are the perfect place to present different viewpoints. Is it not the absence of bias that permits the expression of belief?

From a young age, we are taught that it is not an individual’s race, religion or gender that makes them who they are. An individual is not deemed worthy by societal norms and regula-

tions, but rather by their thoughts, beliefs, and values. It is not our job to label. It is not our privilege to judge. It is not our place to reject the unorthodox yet praise what we deem acceptable.

It is important then, that we realize the importance of tolerance. Though many viewpoints may not agree with or even contradict our own beliefs we must strive to be better than the bigots we so often condemn. It is the mark of a religious person to treat others with kindness, but one does not need religion to be kind.

I should like to believe that it is ignorance that causes hate. It would be naive to believe that humans are inherently peaceful people, but it would be pessimistic to assume that they’re not. We thus must accept an ambivalent middle so to speak, a sort of midway between hate and love. That would be tolerance.

Viewpoint

Thursday, January 10, 2012

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This isn’t goodbye Mohamad Al Medawar Webmaster

I spent so much time thinking about what to write in my final opinion piece as an undergrad student at AUB, even more time than I had to spend on writing my philosophy 201 term paper. It seems so hard to conclude everything I’ve been through in AUB, everything I gained, everything I gave back, all the people I met and had the honor of getting to know, all the clubs and student organizations I joined, the Outlook Team, the Yearbook Team, the Red cross family.

It’s been one hell of a ride.

Needless to say, I had great years at AUB, and there were times when my life revolved almost completely around it. I practically slept here on

some days, or spent at least 99% on other days, not just for academics, but also at work: Outlook, yearbook, and Red Cross.

No matter how great this journey was, I regret many things I’ve done and things I haven’t done here at AUB; but hey, that is what life is about, you make mistakes and learn from them. Still, there are things I regret missing out on before I graduate. The first would be not joining the basketball team, because it’s one of my huge passions. The second would be not joining a band; my passion extends to music as well. The last, not finding the one, but missing the opportunity when I met her. To be honest, I often wonder how smoother this college experience would’ve been if there was someone to give me a list of recommendations before I had started my education here, so it would only be fair for me to share with you this list made from my own experience: Don’t go into a major because someone forced you into it or expects you to become a doctor or an engineer and nothing less. I won’t say don’t listen to your advisor, but at least get other opinions. Don’t take courses before asking about the professor and the material. Don’t fly solo, have a group of friends to support you, and choose wisely. If you hitch up with a pessimistic, I-didn’t- study-for-the-exam kind of person that gets 90s, you better walk away before it’s too late, that person will harm you.

Sign up to activities that can help take your mind off academics every once in a while. For example, join the student newspaper, clubs,

and sports teams. But most importantly, enjoy every single thing you do here, even studying; believe me, it will make your life much easier.

It’s all about the mental state you are in so keep it positive regardless.

As for moving on, it seems to be one of the toughest stages in life. One gets so attached to one stage, builds their whole routine around it, compromises needs and goals to fit that stage, and then all of a sudden, one has to detach and build all over again. For me, this stage has already started. Although I never thought it would be as dramatic, the main problem lies not in the actual moving on, but in the destination to where I’m moving on to.

I hear so many people say “I can’t wait till I graduate, I’m sick of this place,” God knows I’ve said it myself so many times that I lost count, but once you get to this stage, insecurities surface and start to take over all you thoughts and feelings, and you start to realize you’re not ready to move on just yet. I’m not saying I don’t have anything planned yet, it would be stupid of me not to. However, wherever I’m heading is uncertain and its certainty is subject to so many variables that it would be impossible to predict whether it would be my next stage or not. After all, if you think about it, the only constant is change… we have to keep moving on.

On another note, I’m just glad I was able to go through college without having a single cup of coffee!

Last but not least, Thank you Outlook, AUBites, and AUB. it’s been an honor.

Where are the real women?

Nour Jane Kachicho Associate Editor Adverts are everywhere. Whether it’s the billboard above, the TV channel you’re watching, the pen in your hand or even the t-shirt you’re wearing; we are constantly reminded of what we should consume.

Each ad will target a specific audience, but will often fail at reaching its objectives when that specific audience responds negatively to the content. A pressing issue that has been brought to the attention of many around the world is the evident objectification of women in adverts.

The issue has yet to receive more attention since the problem still remains.

Women appear to be weakened by the media, and how can they not when adverts often portray them as sexual objects. Even when the product is irrelevant to sex, you will find a naked and seductive woman in the ad, at which point the onlooker’s attention is bound to be caught. Yes, unfortunately sex sells, and women are constantly humiliated as a result.

Moreover, advertising works with what may

be called ‘ideal beauty’. Every woman or man must appear in a certain light. As a result, this creates pressures among women to attain ‘ideal beauty,’ which is virtually impossible since the ‘ideal beauty’ itself does not even exist in the world we live in. Sadly, a threshold has been created which cannot be attained on an everyday basis. Photoshop is a major tool in the advertising industry, and many fail to realize this when comparing themselves to the people in the ads. “Advertising aimed at women works by lowering our self-esteem. If it flatters our self-esteem, it is not effective,” according to Naomi Wolf ’s ‘The Beauty Myth’ (1990).

Dima Saber, PhD in Media Studies, lectured on gender and the media on Wednesday, January 4, amongst SOAN 229: Communication Theory students where she focused her attention on several Lebanese ads, among which was the 2011, “Lotolibanais” advert. The ad’s focus was on the woman’s chest, which had been replaced with two large lotto balls. Her face was

cut off, automatically reducing her from a subject to an object. How could an ad like this one, utilizing a woman’s body, not degrade women?

“What do you do with the media?” asked Saber.

She emphasized that the media is shaping our minds, and that instead of focusing on the content, we should focus on which media to choose to look at. When detecting media that oppose our beliefs, such as an ad portraying objectification of women, selective exposure would push us to disregard it. But we shouldn’t be doing that, otherwise nothing is achieved. Instead Saber encouraged talking about it, blogging about it, tweeting about it, and continually buzzing about it.

The face of advertising will never change if we stay silent. When we perceive things that don’t conform with our ideology, something that bothers our conscious, we should let it be known; we have the social media, we therefore have a voice.

Campus News

Thursday, January 10, 2012

Page 8

Global Connections and Transformations: Arab Rebellions and U.S. Occupy Movements CASAR AUB

The Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for American Studies and Research (CASAR) at the American University of Beirut will hold its fourth international conference on the theme “Shifting Borders: America and the Middle East/ North Africa.” The

conference will take place January 11-14 at the AUB campus. Participants will examine a wide range of topics related to the historical, cultural, economic, and political relationships between the United States and the Middle East/North Africa.

The conference theme is intended to provide some context to the profound and evolving changes taking place across the Arab world and in the West.

The conference will open with an address featuring Rami Khouri (American University of Beirut & the Daily Star Newspaper). In the two full days of sessions that follow, over ninety scholars from eighteen countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East/North Africa will examine topics related to Shifting Borders in the light of global transformations in the Arab world and the West.

Two plenary sessions will take place on January 12. The first, entitled “Contesting the Foreign/Domestic Divide: Arab Revolutions and American Studies,” will feature U.S. scholars Rabab Abdulhadi, Monami Maulik, Melissa Garcia, James Veve and Ruth Gilmore. The second, a non-traditional hip hop performance entitled “Brooklyn Beats to Beirut Streets,” will feature Mark Gonzales, Nizar Wattad, Omar Chakaki and H. Samy Alim from the Humanwrites project. On Jan. 13, another plenary session entitled “Academic and Culture Boycott of Israel” will feature J. Kehaulani Kaunanui, Malin Johar Schueller, and Magid Shihade. Profes-

sor Vijay Prashad from Trinity College will close the conference with an address entitled “It’s just Night After All: Reflections on a post-American World.”

Apart from the opening session, which takes place at Golden Tulip Serenada Hotel, all paper sessions will be held in West Hall on the AUB campus and will be open to students and the public free of charge.

Further information, including the full conference program and registration procedures, is available on the CASAR website (www.aub.edu. lb/fas/casar). The full program is found here ( http://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/casar/Conferences/ IV/Pages/Program.aspx ) You can also contact CASAR by phone at 961 1 350000 ext. 4195.

The Center for American Studies and Research was launched in 2003 with a major gift from Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz AlSaud.

It is an independent academic center that seeks to promote better understanding between the people of United States and those of the Arab world through teaching, research and outreach efforts.

Danzig Knot or Napoleon Knot

Emile Wehbe Former Chief Chemist at AUB Labroratory The western world uses this term “Danzig Knot or Napoleon Knot” to indicate to the difficult problems that the human being confronts in his life. And there is no use to solve it buy thinking or by investigation or dialogue but the best way and the shortest way to solve it by shear forces.

What is the story behind this knot and what is the relation between it and Danzig or Napoleon?

Danzig is a polish city famous for its construction of ships. Adolf Hitler wanted to annex this city to the German Reich because of the German Minority that inhabited this city. So he immediately occupied it an annexed it to the German Reich. This was one of the causes that ignited the Second World War. It is said that Napoleon Bonaparte after his occupation of the city he started taking walks on the streets of this city with some of his soldiers.

He reached the place where the polish marines were gathering with their heads bent down to the ground in front of this great napoleon.

In this atmosphere of turmoil one of his strong

and capable marines approached napoleon and in his hand a rope less that two meters in length in the middle of which is a “marine knot.” It is very difficult for any one to undo.

This audacious marine approached napoleon with a polite smile, saying we have heard much of your heroic deeds and about your courage and intelligence, and that you do not believe in the impossible. So my fellow marines wanted to see how you will undo this know?

Immediately Napoleon called two of soldiers and ordered them to pull the rope each from his own side of the rope.

He held his sword in his right hand and struck the knot which was in the middle of the robe and split it into two halves. The he looked to the bewildered audience saying: “this is my way of solving problems” Of course there are problems and human situations very difficult and very complicated and it cannot be solved by using brutal and sheer force.For example some psychological and educational problems with the adolescents

need patience and the use of gentle and patient practices.

Also there are many problems economical, domestic, social problems like road accidents and traffic jams, emancipation of women, crimes of honor and myriad social problems. Let alone the difficult political uprising that is taking place in the Arab World; Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen and Bahrain.

Problems like these cannot be solved by sheer brutal force and intimidation but by the ingenuity of the mind by dialogue and careful planning and by means of the available scientific knowledge and the modern know how that the universities in our beautiful country Lebanon have and on top of them, our university The American University of Beirut.

Viewpoint

Thursday, January 10, 2012

Page 9

New Year’s Eve, an extravaganza of fireworks, or maybe of money!

Zeina Mhaidly Staff Writer

Of course most of us look forward to New Year’s Eve and start making plans for where we want to spend it and with whom. People all over the world wait for it, hoping that the coming year will be better than the one they had and that it will bring more joyful and happy events to their lives.

In London for example, 250,000 British people celebrated the New Year watching the breathtaking and outstanding fireworks show that took place around the “London eye” and the famous Big Ben. In New York, almost one million people went down to the Times Square along with Lady Gaga and the mayor of the city Michael Bloomberg and made the countdown where the traditional ball with 30,000 lights lit up New York. In Sydney, the place known for having the best New Year’s celebrations, Australians who took advantage of the lovely weather watched the fireworks around Sydney Harbour Bridge, the iconic opera house and more other firing points. Finally, Burj Khalifah in Dubai has put on one of the most amazing firework shows and was lit up with the colors of the national flag, a show that lasted for eight minutes and attracted hundreds of thousands of people including tourists who came early to save a good place for a good view.

Here in Lebanon things were a bit different.

Lebanese people did not gather to watch fireworks (besides the few downtown) or to sing a joyful song around 12:00 am as was the case in the countries stated above. In Lebanon, people rushed for booking places in restaurants and hotels no matter what the cost was. Concerts with tickets reaching unbelievable and unreasonable

prices, parties at restaurants that cost no less than 200$ per person and celebrations in hotels where also significant amounts of money were spent all took place during this one night – and by significant I mean really “significant.”

Actually, spending a great amount of money on an event here in Lebanon is an act of pride and a symbol of wealth. People love doing so.

But of course not all people can afford doing so.

In fact, people who could not afford to attend all these expensive events chose to spend their new year’s eve with their families or friends, in one of their houses bringing food and drinks

and enjoying their night with the people they love, watching the famous celebrations of the night on LBC and MTV channels and listening to the predictions of Michel Hayek or any other psychic.

I believe that there’s no need to spend thousands of dollars in order to enjoy this one yearly event. This night can be made great by only being surrounded by the people we love and the people that we want to be present in our lives in the coming New Year. So happy new year everyone.

Great minds think alike… Or maybe not Zeina Mhaidly Staff Writer As we all know, at the beginning of every academic year AUB’s clubs day is held to introduce AUBites to AUB’s various clubs and societies.

This year witnessed the activation of many new clubs among which was the Great Minds Club.

This new club’s mission is mainly to encourage the AUB society to discuss philosophical issues in a tolerant atmosphere. But unfortunately, despite the club’s efforts, the AUB community seems irresponsive to the club’s calls for thinkers and debaters to engage in the club’s activities.

Although some would wonder why the club did not gain much popularity, it is certain for the club’s president Khodor Abou Daya that one of the most important factors is the lack of interest by students in engaging in academic extra-

curricular activities. In fact, Abou Daya stated that, “one of the main reasons that we started the club is to make people more enthusiastic towards philosophy.” He added that people often think that they have to study philosophy to discuss it. “Although philosophy students might have richer and deeper views on certain issues, people forget that philosophy is the mother of all sciences and thus any educated person would be able to enrich the discussion.”

Abou Daya went on to explain that not all people think alike and it is this very fact that makes discussions held between people from different backgrounds interesting.

When asked what the club has done lately to reach its goals, Abou Daya replied that it has held an event entitled “Befriending Wis-

dom” which mainly dealt with clearing up many misconceptions about philosophy. Moreover, the club initiated a Google group for the club members to keep interacting online. Most importantly, the club has opened a new online forum that can be reached at greatmindsclub . The forum is very simple and easy to use. Anyone – not necessarily an AUB student - can just register and pick any posted topic to discuss. In fact, if you enter the forum you will see four or five topics so far that discuss philosophical matters.

Abou Daya assured that other measures and plans will be implemented to make the club reach its goals. He finally stated that “at least we are able to say that we tried and will keep trying.”

Arts and Culture

Thursday, January 10, 2012

Page 10

Recycling and AUB Erik Zakhia Special-to-Outlook We all nag about the lack of respect toward nature in Lebanon, don’t we? Landfills are overflowing with garbage vomiting filth in our rivers and sea; trying to find a spot in the mountains that is not soiled with wastes is difficult... Sad, but we actually make very few efforts to improve the situation.

Recycling is the solution to garbage problems.

However, implementing recycling in Lebanon before making it completely successful in AUB is hard to conceive.

The fastest way to make it work in AUB is to “actively encourage” students to recycle, stressing continually its importance at different stages of our studies: during orientation when new students arrive, at the beginning of every semester teachers could say a few words about it in class, through campaigns and through emails from the AUB administration. Very simple things that would provide the least information about the importance of recycling (diminishes the amounts of wastes, creating added value), and the ways to differentiate wastes on cam-

pus respecting the bins (segregating different types of materials, emptying and squeezing bottles…).

Unfortunately, until now, there doesn’t seem to be such a strong will from AUB to make recycling a turntable, as was done with the nonsmoking policy in the past years.

“We” are the future of Lebanon, and one of the major problems our country is facing is environmentally related (a problem that will only be amplified in the future). Unfortunately, some of us graduate without having recycled a single time; the process of learning is not only about the formulas and theories learnt in class, the university forms us as persons: if recycling becomes a daily habit in AUB, it will stick, and we will “export” our mentality outside the university bounds.

As member and president of the Greenpeace AUB club, I can tell you that we’ve been tackling this issue for the last four months, trying to understand how things worked in the university, and how we could make our contribu-

tion towards improvement. We have obtained to place cardboard bins for paper, on every floor in four different buildings as a trial, in addition to putting stickers on all the different recycling bins (indoors and outdoors) in order to avoid people mixing their wastes in the recycling bins.

If you see someone throwing his/her plastic bottle in the cans container, don’t hesitate to tell him/her that it’s not a responsible way of behaving. We will also try to revisit the disposition of the outside bins.

In conclusion, the club will hold a major recycling campaign in the very beginning of the spring semester, also introducing the foregoing novelties. If you wish to help make a change and get engaged, it’s your opportunity! (Contact me at egz01@aub.edu.lb) Students and faculty members have to show all their interest for this topic, in order to lay the first stone of a recycling campus.

Energy drinks’ popularity among students Loulwa Kalache Staff Writer “It is approaching midnight and the student’s eyes are about to shut but there are still a few important chapters left for his 8 am final. He decides on over-nighting. But coffee won’t have any effect as he already had three cups today.

Perhaps he will grab a Redbull.”

This normal scene happens every time the finals period creeps in the lives of college students. Energy drinks are indeed tempting and they do enhance performance in the short term.

Their energy boosting effect is instant especially if the student were not a regular consumer.

However, there is a dark side for this “energetic effect.” While the huge amount of caffeine can provide this temporary jolt of energy, it is chiefly followed by a crash that leaves a person completely drained. Not to forget that caffeine stays in the body for many hours, thus interfering with sleep when one really needs to sleep. This can leave him exhausted rather than refreshed in the morning, and potentially causing a selfperpetuating cycle.

A survey published in the Nutrition Journal in 2007 and done about energy drink consumption patterns among college students in USA showed that weekly jolt and crash episodes were experienced by 29% of users, as well as 22% reported having headaches, and 19% heart palpitations from consuming energy drinks.

Energy drinks have also become popular

among young athletes. While athletes insist that these energy drinks resemble a cup of coffee, medical experts warn that drinking those energy drinks should not be consumed before, during or even after physical activity as they cause more dehydration. Moreover, consuming them while dehydrated or having flu or while taking muscle-building supplements like creatine leads to an increased risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmia.Some health experts also warn all individuals, whether athletes or not, from drinking them while taking prescription medications.

On the other hand, the American Beverage Association defends those beverages by claiming that “When it comes to energy drinks, the amount of caffeine in most mainstream energy drinks is about half that in a cup of coffee in a coffee shop, if you compare ounce to ounce.”

Notably, the energy drink industry is worth over a billion dollars in sales annually. Almost all ads target the youth generation only, which makes one wonder about the ethical role of marketing personnel.

A piece of advice from an experienced student, students who want to get extra energy to tackle their finals should follow a healthy diet, exercise if they can, and get good quality sleep on a regular basis. And better than getting those caffeinated energy drinks, choose natu-

ral drinks, such as black, green tea, or even the traditional Yerba mate i.e “matteh” in Lebanese.

URL: http://whatareenergydrinks.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/energy_drinks.jpg

Arts and Culture

Thursday, January 10, 2012

Page 11

Movie Review: New Year’s Eve Sarah Khalil Staff Writer Of the four films to be reviewed in this week’s issue of Outlook, New Year’s Eve has the distinct privilege of having been called “the worst film of all time” (Film 2011, the BBC). You really couldn’t tell from how many people have decided to watch it – it was the #1 movie at the box office in the week of its release and in less than a month it surpassed $100 million; more than enough for any romantic comedy. Generally it can be agreed upon that what draws you in is the sheer amount of celebrities (very, very famous celebrities) such as Halle Berry, Lea Michelle, Robert DeNiro, Ashton Kutcher, Zac Efron…and the list really does go on and on.

There is no one plot of this movie – it follows more than a dozen characters while they spend their New Year’s Eve in a plethora of ways, from Ashton Kutcher getting stuck in an elevator with Lea Michelle for hours, to Robert DeNiro spending New Year’s Eve on his deathbed as he attempts to stay alive long enough to see the ball drop while his nurse, Halle Berry, whose husband is deployed in Afghanistan spends the day with him. To Seth Meyers and his very pregnant

wife Jessica Biel competing with another couple to win $25,000 for the first baby born in the New Year, to Hilary Swank making sure the ball drops in Times Square on time after there is a technical problem that none of the electricians know how to fix (seriously). You don’t even remember the names of the characters because all you see is celebrity, celebrity, celebrity and their plots-a-million. Though really, it all leads to the same sappy speech about New Year’s Eve being a chance to reflect on the past year and start anew; a cheesy song by Jon Bon Jovi playing – you guessed it! – a rock star all included. It’s all quite messy and pointless. The feel of the movie is a bit like snippets of other movies strung together, none of them too great in and of themselves, all aiming to elicit that warm, fuzzy feeling from the audience.

Although the movie is indisputably, well, bad, its saving grace is that it was a great idea to release it around the holiday season. It wasn’t great that it was released so close to the new Mission Impossible movie, which immediately usurped it from its #1 spot. Another good

point can be best summed up by a quote from Entertainment Weekly’s review: “New Year’s Eve is dunderheaded kitsch, but it’s the kind of marzipan movie that can sweetly soak up a holiday evening.” Which is true, at that – kitsch or no kitsch, most audiences love the “Aww” factor. Finally, the credits were fabulous; a mix of bloopers and Michelle Pfeifer dancing with Zac Efron kept the audience planted in their seats for a good half of them.

To watch or not to watch? Considering we’re over a week into the new year already, it might be a smidge depressing especially if you’re the type who loathes any semblance of holiday decorations after January first. If you aren’t, then just make sure to watch it with a friend.

Movie Review: Mission Impossible 4 - Ghost Protocol Edward Abou Jaoude Staff Writer They say that good things take time. Well, waiting time is finally over: The fourth Mission Impossible movie is here!

IMF agent Trevor Hanaway (Josh Holloway) is killed and robbed of classified Russian nuclear launch codes by an assassin (Sabine Moreau) working for a person of interest code named “Cobalt”. In order to track down Cobalt and Moreau, Ethan Hunt (Tom Cruise) is extracted from a Russian penitentiary in Moscow. Hunt then teams up with Jane Carter (Paula Patton) and Benji Dunn (Simon Pegg) to infiltrate the Kremlin – a highly clandestine Russian military base- to get classified information regarding Cobalt. During the operation, the Kremlin is destroyed by a bomb planted by Cobalt.

The Russian government, tricked by the latter, blames the United States and describes the event as an undeclared act of war. The president of the United States then initiates Ghost Protocol which disavows the IMF. It is then up to Hunt and a team of three to track down Cobalt in order to prevent an imminent nuclear attack on U.S. soil.

As all Mission Impossible movies, this one introduces innovating technological gear. In fact, we see all sorts of ingenious gadgets ranging from a glove that sticks on walls giving one the

ability to climb buildings, to a camera hidden in agents’ eyes which is activated by flinching.

Technological advances in the Western military and intelligence sector always surpass the technical products sold to the average citizen.

After seeing MI4, one can’t help but wonder how far the boys in Langley have gone with their high-tech spy gear.

With regards to profits, Ghost Protocol has amassed an amount of $377,945,857, ever since the premiere screening in Dubai on December 7, 2011. Not only was the movie a huge revenue earner, but US weekly also published an article entitled, “Ghost Protocol Tops New Year’s Box Office”. The blockbuster was also nominated for the IGN “Favorite Trailer” award as well as the “Alliance of Women Film Journalists” award.

As far as the Lebanese student view is concerned, Rayssa Achkar, economics sophomore, said, “The movie was amazing! I felt as if I was living an adventure.” Also, Youssef Yassine, electrical engineering junior, described the movie as, “legendary and awesome.”

All in all Ghost Protocol has enjoyed major success in the opinion of both Lebanese moviegoers as well as the international audience.

To the director of the movie, Brad Bird we say, mission…accomplished!

URL: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1229238/

Outlook Team Chairperson Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Arabic Editor Photography Editor Layout Editor Webmaster PR Manager Business Manager Distribution Manager

Thursday, January 10, 2012

Talal Nizameddin Lojine Kamel Nour Jane Kachicho Nouhad Awwad Mohammad B. Azzam Nadine Razzouk Mohamad Al Medawar Emile Zankoul Timmy Malkoun Edress El Rachidi

Proofreader

Camelia Harb

Member-at-Large

Tracy Dariane

Layout Team News Executives

Photographers

Annegret Funke Nabile Saleh Dalia Hosn Ali Kassem Mona Ayoub Tugce Coskun Lara Saab

Staff Writers Hashim Osseiran Gregoire Dugueyt Jon Martin Cullell Edward Abou Jaoude Robert Isaf Issam Kayssi Raghid Naini Sarah Khalil Ghida Ismail

Cartoonists

Mohamad Alameh Jad Shammsseddine Mada Dibs Mohammad Yaghi Heather Jaber Rayane Zahreddine Hadi Mehio Lama Zakharia Wael Bazzi Zeina Mhaidly Sarah Al-Dirani Karim Zahed Rida Daher Sarah Zaytoun Loulwa Kalache Deedee El Jilani Ghassan Nassar Jad Jari

Outlook is a weekly publication of the American University of Beirut (“aub�) and represents the voice of the student body. It is an independent, non-affiliated publication that f vors no ethnic, religious, or political group. All columns, articles, and reports are the property of Outlook and do not necessarily represent the views of Outlook or the AUB community. Outlook welcomes all contributions. Authors are asked to please include their full name, major, ran ing, and contact information for verification. No part of this publication may be reproduced for verification. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way, shape, or form without the written consent of Outlook and/or higher a .thorities. Outlook reserves the right to edit all material

Page 12

‫صفحة ‪13‬‬

‫الثالثاء‪10 ,‬كانون الثاني‪2012 ,‬‬

‫الزواج املدين و�رشوطه‬ ‫�سارة �أحمد الديراين – كاتبة �صحفية‬

‫موحد للأحوال ال�شخ�صية‪.‬‬ ‫ال يوجد يف لبنان حتى اليوم قانون ّ‬ ‫فلكل طائفة قوانينها اخلا�صة وحماكمها الروحية وال�رشعية‬ ‫واملذهبية‪ .‬ولكن بالرغم من كل الإختالفات الت�رشيعية لدى‬ ‫الطوائف اللبنانية بخ�صو�ص �رشوط و�أ�س�س الزواج‪� ،‬إال �أنها‬ ‫جميع ًا تتفق عل تعريف الزواج على �أنه عقد ثنائي علني ذو‬ ‫�صفة دينية‪ ،‬يتفّق فيه رجل و�إمر�أة على احلياة مع ًا مبحبة و�إخال�ص‬ ‫بغية تكوين �أ�رسة‪.‬‬ ‫�إال �أن ال�رشوط التي تفر�ضها الت�رشيعات الدينية قد تكون‬ ‫عقبة �أمام بع�ض الرجال والن�ساء املنتمني �إىل طوائف خمتلفة‬ ‫الذين يريدون الزواج‪ ،‬بالإ�ضافة �إىل �صعوبة الطالق لدى بع�ض‬ ‫الطوائف وكلفته الباهظة التي قد ت�صل �إىل �آالف الدوالرات‪.‬‬ ‫و هذا ما دفع بالبع�ض �إىل اقرتاح الأخذ بالزواج املدين لإيجاد‬ ‫احللول القانونية لتلك امل�شاكل‪.‬‬ ‫تعريف الزواج املدين‬ ‫ميكن تعريف الزواج املدين ب�أنه عقد ثنائي بني رجل و�إمر�أة‪،‬‬ ‫يتم بالر�ضاء والقبول‪ ،‬ك�سائر العقود املدنية‪ ،‬مو�ضوعه‬ ‫بالغني‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫االتفاق على �إقامة حياة زوجية م�شرتكة دائمة بني الزوجني‪.‬‬ ‫أقرت معظم الدول الأجنبية الزواج املدين‪� ،‬إما ب�شكل‬ ‫وقد � ّ‬ ‫�إلزامي و�إما ب�شكل اختياري‪ .‬وهو يعترب �إلزامي ًا يف كل من‬ ‫فرن�سا واملانيا و�سوي�رسا وبلجيكا وال�سويد و�إيطاليا ورومانيا‬ ‫والرنوج وموناكو واللوك�سمبورغ والربازيل و�أمريكا الالتينية‬ ‫ورو�سيا‪ .‬لكنه يعترب اختياري ًا يف انكلرتا والواليات املتحدة‬ ‫االمريكية واليونان و�إ�سبانيا‪.‬‬ ‫�أما القانون اللبناين‪ ،‬فال يجيز عقد الزواج املدين يف لبنان‪� ،‬إال‬ ‫�أنه يعرتف بالزواج املدين املعقود خارج الأرا�ضي اللبنانية �سنداً‬ ‫للمادة ‪ 25‬من القرار رقم ‪ 60‬ل‪.‬ر‪ .‬وعليه ف�إن الزواج املدين ال‬ ‫يعترب خمالف ًا للنظام العام‪.‬‬ ‫وطاملا �أن الزواج املدين هو عقد ثنائي‪ ،‬يجب �أن تتوافر فيه‬ ‫ال�رشوط القانونية العامة للعقود‪ ،‬وهي‪ :‬الر�ضى والأهلية‬ ‫واملو�ضوع وال�سبب وال�شكل يف احلاالت التي يفر�ضها القانون‪،‬‬ ‫�سنداً للمادة ‪ 177‬من قانون املوجبات والعقود‪� .‬إال �أن الطبيعة‬ ‫اخلا�صة لعقد الزواج املدين‪ ،‬يفر�ض �رشوط ًا خا�صة لكل ركن‬ ‫من �أركان هذا العقد‪� ،‬إ�ضافة �إىل وجوب �أن يكون معقوداً خارج‬ ‫الأرا�ضي اللبنانية لكي يتم االعرتاف به وت�سجيله يف دوائر‬ ‫النفو�س والأحوال ال�شخ�صية الر�سمية يف لبنان‪ .‬وميكن تق�سيم‬ ‫ال�رشوط القانونية لعقد الزواج املدين اىل �رشوط �شكلية‪،‬‬ ‫و�أخرى مو�ضوعية‪.‬‬ ‫• ال�رشوط ال�شكلية ‪:‬‬

‫�سنداً للمادة ‪ 25‬من القرار الرقم ‪ 60‬ل‪.‬ر‪ .‬ال�صادر يف‬ ‫‪ 1936/3/13‬يعترب عقد الزواج املدين �صحيح ًا من حيث‬ ‫ال�شكل‪ ،‬كل زواج معقود يف اخلارج وفق ًا للأ�صول القانونية‬ ‫املطبقة يف البلد الذي ُعقد فيه‪.‬‬ ‫ال�شكلية‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وبالتايل‪ ،‬لكي يتم االعرتاف يف لبنان بعقد الزواج املدين املعقود‬ ‫يف اخلارج‪ ،‬يجب �أن يكون متوافق ًا مع ال�رشوط ال�شكلية التي‬ ‫يحددها القانون الأجنبي للبلد الذي جرى فيه هذا الزواج‪ ،‬ف�إذا‬ ‫كان ذلك القانون الأجنبي يفر�ض �شكلية معينة‪ ،‬ككتابته خطي ًا‬ ‫�أو ر�سمي ًا لدى كاتب العدل �أو دائرة خمت�صة بق�ضايا الأحوال‬ ‫ال�شخ�صية �أو �أي مرجع ر�سمي �آخر‪ ،‬يجب �أن يكون عقد الزواج‬ ‫املدين م�ستوفي ًا تلك ال�رشوط ال�شكلية‪.‬‬

‫قانون الدولة حمل الإبرام‪ ،‬حيث قانون هذه الدولة يحدد ال�رشوط‬ ‫املو�ضوعية للعقد‪ ،‬ف�إما �أن يطبق قانون الزوجني ال�شخ�صي (�أي‬ ‫ال�رشوط التي يتفق عليها الزوجني‪ ،‬فهذه ال�رشوط تختلف‬ ‫بح�سب رغبة الزوجني) كما هي احلال يف فرن�سا‪ ،‬و�إما �أن يطبق‬ ‫قانون حمل االبرام كما هي احلال يف الواليات املتحدة الأمريكية‪،‬‬ ‫�أو قانون حمل الإقامة كما هي احلال يف بريطانيا وكندا‪ .‬فالزواج‬ ‫املدين كم�ؤ�س�سة قانونية‪ ،‬يجب �أن تتوافر يف عقده ال�رشوط‬ ‫الأ�سا�سية للعقود‪ ،‬وهي الر�ضى والأهلية واملو�ضوع وال�سبب‪.‬‬ ‫�أما �صحة تكوين عقد الزواج املدين فتقت�ضي عدم وجود موانع‬ ‫للزواج‪ ،‬وحتديد املهر‪...‬‬ ‫وللفرد حرية الإختيار‪.‬‬

‫• ال�رشوط املو�ضوعية‪:‬‬ ‫يخ�ضع الزواج املدين من الناحية املو�ضوعية لل�رشوط املحددة يف‬

‫‪URL: http://www.beirutiyat.wordpress.com/‬‬

‫تعرف على النادي الثقايف ال�سعودي‬ ‫منى �أيوب – كاتبة �صحفية‬

‫« يهمنا �أن تتكون يف جمتمع ال ‪� AUB‬صورة �أف�ضل عن‬ ‫عرفه على �إجنازات ال�سعوديني و �أوجه‬ ‫ثقافتنا‪ ...‬نريد �أن ُن ّ‬ ‫التطور يف بلدهم»‪.‬‬ ‫هذا ما قالته نبيلة الوراق ‪ ،‬رئي�سة النادي الثقايف ال�سعودي‪،‬‬ ‫عندما التقيتها للتحدث عن �أهداف و ن�شاطات النادي‪.‬‬ ‫« يظن الكثريون �أن ال�سعوديني ال يزالون يعي�شون يف قوقعة‬ ‫خا�صة بهم دون �أن يطاولهم �شيء من التطور‪ .‬هذا غري‬ ‫�صحيح‪ .‬فاحلقيقة �أن �إ�صالحات و �إجنازات مهمة على خمتلف‬ ‫الأ�صعدة قد ح�صلت يف اململكة‪ .‬مثال‪ ،‬و�ضع املر�أة ال�سعودية‬ ‫اليوم هو �أف�ضل مما قد يتخيله البع�ض ‪ ،‬فهي لديها احلق يف‬ ‫الت�صويت و امل�شاركة يف احلياة ال�سيا�سية و الو�صول �إىل‬ ‫مراكز عالية �ش�أنها �ش�أن �أي مواطن مهتم ب�ش�ؤون بلده»‪.‬‬ ‫« يغلب على معظم ن�شاطاتنا الطابع الثقايف‪ .‬مثال‪� ،‬أحد‬ ‫ن�شاطاتنا ال�سنوية الثابتة هو احتفال « اجلنادرية»‪ .‬و هذا هو‬

‫مهرجان تقليدي يحتفل به ال�سعوديون و نحاول �إقامة �صورة‬ ‫م�صغرة عنه هنا‪ ،‬حيث تن�صب خيمة كبرية حتتوي على مظاهر‬ ‫خمتلفة من الثقافة ال�سعودية‪ .‬يف �أحد ال�سنوات ‪ ،‬قمنا ب�إدخال‬ ‫جمل حقيقي �إىل اجلامعة الأمريكية يف بريوت‪ ،‬ك�أول حادثة من‬ ‫نوعها يف اجلامعة!!!»‬ ‫عن الن�شاطات امل�ستقبلية للنادي ‪� ،‬أخربتني الوراق �أنهم ب�صدد‬ ‫التح�ضري لعر�س �سعودي تقليدي ‪،‬بالإ�ضافة �إىل معر�ض فني‬ ‫للر�سام الكاريكاتوري ال�سعودي يزيد احلارثي‪.‬‬ ‫رمبا كان مفاجئا يل ما �أخربتني به رئي�سة النادي الثقايف‬ ‫ال�سعودي حول عدد الطالب ال�سعوديني يف اجلامعة ‪.‬فح�سب‬ ‫الوراق‪ ،‬كان ال�سعوديون ي�شكلون ن�سبة مهمة من الطالب هنا‪،‬‬ ‫غري �أن �سوء الأو�ضاع ال�سيا�سية و الأمنية دفع بالعديد منهم �إىل‬ ‫مغادرة لبنان‪ ،‬مما �أدى �إىل ت�ضا�ؤل عددهم ‪.‬‬

‫النادي ‪ ،‬كما قالت الوراق‪ ،‬مفتوحة �أبوابه لكل الطالب‪� ،‬سواء‬ ‫�أكانوا �سعوديني �أو غري ذلك ‪ ،‬بل �إن �أغلب �أع�ضائه احلاليني‬ ‫هم من غري ال�سعوديني! هذا و يتعاون النادي �سنويا مع نواد‬ ‫طالبية �أخرى ‪ .‬فمثال‪ ،‬هو ي�شرتك كل عام يف حملة الإحتفال‬ ‫بعيد اال�ضحى املبارك التي ينظمها نادي التب�رص مع عدد �آخر‬ ‫من النوادي‪.‬‬ ‫يقوم امللحق الثقايف لل�سفارة ال�سعودية يف لبنان برعاية عدد من‬ ‫ن�شاطات النادي لكن دون التدخل يف �ش�ؤونه �أو ن�شاطاته‪.‬‬ ‫ملزيد من املعلومات‪ ،‬زوروا �صفحة النادي على الفاي�س بوك‪:‬‬ ‫‪.Saudi Cultural Club – AUB‬‬

‫صفحة ‪14‬‬

‫الثالثاء‪10 ,‬كانون الثاني‪2012 ,‬‬

‫املجتمع والعدالة االجتماعية‬ ‫علي علوية‪ -‬م�ساهم �صحفي‬

‫« ثمن احلرية ‪ ..‬يف غالء �رضيبتها‬

‫هيا الأتا�سي‪ -‬ر�سالة اىل املحرر‬

‫هي كلمة من اربعة حروف دائما ما تزلزل الطغاة عند �سماعها‪...‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫احلرية يف جميع �أوجهها ‪ :‬احلرية الفكرية والعقائدية‬ ‫نتكلم عن‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫والدينية وال�شخ�صية‪..‬‬ ‫ال ا�ستغرب عندما ارى ان معظم النا�س اليعرفون معنى «احلرية»‪.‬‬ ‫فهي لي�ست كلمة ‪ ،‬بل ممار�سة‪ .‬احلرية هي الأحرار‪ .‬البع�ض حتى‬ ‫ال يدرك وجودها وال يجر�ؤ حتى على التفوه بها‪ ..‬له�ؤالء احلرية‬ ‫هي �أحد املحرمات واملمنوعات‪.‬‬ ‫�رشد‪ ،‬ي ّتم ‪ ،‬ارعب‪،‬‬ ‫ا�رضب ‪ ،‬اقتل ‪ ،‬اعتقل ‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫خرب‪ ،‬عذّ ب‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫دمر‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫ا�رسق‪ ،‬انهب‪ ،‬اكذب‪ ،‬اف�سد‪ ،‬اظلم‪ ،‬ا�ستعبد‪....‬‬ ‫لكن ال تقل حرية ‪ ،‬ال تتفوه‪ ....‬اياك وجتر�أ ان تفتح فمك بكلمة‬ ‫احلق ‪.‬‬ ‫باي حق يكتم الطغاة �أ�صوات �شعوبهم؟ باي حق يكبلون �أعناقها‬ ‫باغالل االقمع واال�ستغالل؟ باي حق مينعونها من التعبري عن‬ ‫�أفكارها و �آرائها ؟ باي حق ي�سلبون ا�سمى ما ميلكه االن�سان؟‬

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‫تكرث امل�صطلحات الرنانة واملدوية يف جمال ال�سيا�سة ‪ ،‬والأمر‬ ‫طبيعي عندما تكون عني ال�سيا�سي الأوىل – تيارا كان �أم‬ ‫فردا – على ال�سلطة‪ ،‬ف�إنه لن يرى �آنذاك ما حوله �إال و�سيلة‬ ‫لذلك‪ .‬ولعل �أنفع الو�سائل لك�سب اجلماهري كانت وال تزال‬ ‫جمموعة م�صطلحات لها �صدى عميق‪ ،‬ولكنه للأ�سف‬ ‫�ص ًدى ال ي�سمعه �إال من يرزح يف وادي امل�أ�ساة وتقف على‬ ‫�أكتاف معاناته تلك الأنظمة والت ّيَارات وامل�صطلحات‪.‬‬ ‫من هنا ت�سمع �أخي بالعدالة االجتماعية – �أو‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ب�صداها – والتي تظهر – �إن ت�أملت حولك – �أنها هدف كل‬ ‫تيار وطموحه‪ ،‬ولكن هال �س�ألت نف�سك عن طريق �إر�ساء‬ ‫هذه العدالة وعن من يحق له �إر�سا�ؤها وتنظيم تطبيقها؟‬ ‫�أم هل �أنك ترى يف هذه الأنظمة من ميكنه ولو نظريا بح�سب‬ ‫مبادئه �أن ي�سعى يف تطبيقها؟‬ ‫هنا �أحتاج �أن �ألفت نظرك �أخي �إىل جواب لذلك‬ ‫ ‬ ‫لنعلم �إن كنا نحن – من ال ميلك �سلطة – لنا دور �أم ال‪.‬‬ ‫�إن م�شكلتنا مع املجتمع م�شكلة حتديد هويته‪ ،‬فكثريا ما‬ ‫نبحث‪ :‬هل للمجتمع وجود �أم ال؟ و�أي نحو من الوجود له �إن‬ ‫وجد؟ فالبع�ض ال يرى للمجتمع وجودًا خلف جدار ذهنه �أو‬ ‫وهمه فال يوجد �إال جمموعة �أفراد يجمعهم مكان‪ ،‬والبع�ض‬ ‫الآخر يرى يف املجتمع �أمرا م�ستقال له حياته اخلا�صة وله‬ ‫كيانه ووحدته و�شخ�صيته وم�ستقل عن وجود الفرد‬ ‫غري مرتبط به‪� ،‬إال �أن الناظر بت�أمل‪ ،‬يجد �أن املجتمع لي�س‬ ‫جمعا خياليا للأفراد‪ ،‬ولكنه يف الآن عينه لي�س �أمرا م�ستقال‬ ‫عنهم‪ ،‬و�إمنا هو تكامل لفكر الفرد ميكنه من خالله الت�أثر‬ ‫والت�أثري املتبادل مع غريه برابطة معينة �أن يح�صل منه‬ ‫نوع �شخ�صية جديدة للفرد هي �شخ�صية اجتماعية‬ ‫وهي �شخ�صية واقعية لها �آثارها املتميزة عن ال�شخ�صية‬ ‫الفردية‪.‬‬ ‫لنعطي مثاال‪ ،‬لو فر�ضنا �أنه يوجد جمموعة من خاليا‬ ‫اجل�سم تعمل ب�شكل مفرد‪ ،‬ف�إن لكل خلية �آثارها وعملها‪،‬‬ ‫�أي �شخ�صيتها الفردية‪ ،‬ولكن عندما تتكامل هذه اخلاليا‬ ‫وتفرز �أليافا تتفاعل فيما بينها‪ ،‬ف�إنها ت ُك ِّو ُن ن�سيجا‬ ‫يحتويها وينتج عنه �آثار جديدة مل تكن موجودة‪ ،‬وهذه‬ ‫�آثار واقعية �صادرة عن �شخ�صية جديدة هي ال�شخ�صية‬ ‫االجتماعية‪ ،‬فواقعية املجتمع قائمة بواقعية الفرد املرتبط‬ ‫مع غريه ولكنها لي�ست �أمرا وهميا حمله الذهن‪ ،‬و�إمنا له‬ ‫�آثاره اخلارجية ونتائجه الواقعية‪.‬‬ ‫فللمجتمع واقعية ال من حيث �أنه �أمر م�ستقل خارجي‬ ‫بل من حيث مدخليته يف تكامل الفرد مما ي�صدر عنه �آثار‬ ‫خارجية ال يكفي الفرد وحده لتحقيقها‪ ،‬وهو يف نف�س‬

‫الوقت متوقف على الفرد قائم به‪.‬‬ ‫ولكن ال�س�ؤال يبقى �أنه هل تقوم وحدة املجتمع‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ب�أفكار جميع �أفراده دون ا�ستثناء‪ ،‬وب�صيغة �أخرى هل جلميع‬ ‫الأفراد داخل الن�سيج دور يف بناءه �أم ال؟ �إنك ال ب َّد يف املثال‬ ‫تالحظ �أن الن�سيج الذي تبنيه اخلاليا ال يحتويها فقط و�إمنا‬ ‫يحوي �أي�ضا تلك التي ال قدرة لها على �أن ت�صنع �أليافها‬ ‫اخلا�صة‪ ،‬فرتزح هي �أي�ضا فيه‪ ،‬وكذلك ف�إن يف املجتمع‬ ‫�صنفني من الأفراد‪� ،‬صنف يق ِّوم وجود املجتمع ومب�شاركته‬ ‫يقوم الكيان الفكري‪ ،‬و�صنف يكون عابرا يف املجتمع ال‬ ‫دور له �سوى التكيف �ضمن املحيط‪ ،‬و�شتان هاهنا بني من‬ ‫يعطي فكره هوية املحيط‪ ،‬وبني من ي�أخذ فكره وهويته من‬ ‫املحيط‪.‬‬ ‫هنا ن�أتي �إىل �أن للمجتمع �أفرادا يكون للنخبة‬ ‫ ‬ ‫منهم فقط دور املكون للمجتمع‪ ،‬وبالتايل يكون �أداء املجتمع‬ ‫مرتبط �أوال ب�أداء ه�ؤالء الأ�شخا�ص وثانيا مب�ستوى تكيف‬ ‫الباقي معهم‪ ،‬ويتعني بقاء املجتمع ببقاء ه�ؤالء النخبة‬ ‫وجناحهم‪ ،‬والأمر وا�ضح‪� .‬إذ �أنك ترى يف موت فرد �أحيانا انهيار‬ ‫كيان وتدهور جمتمع ب�أ�رسه حتى لو بقيت جميع �أفراده‬ ‫الأخرى‪ ،‬ف�إنها تبحث عن حمتوى جمتمع جديد‪ ،‬متاما كما‬ ‫�أن َّه عندما تف�شل خاليا الأوعية الدموية يف �صنع الن�سيج‬ ‫ت�ضيع خاليا الدم التي كانت بداخله‪ ،‬ثم ما تلبث �أن ت�ضع‬ ‫نف�سها يف وعاء جديد وت�أخذ هوية جديدة‪ ،‬فت�أمل‪...‬‬ ‫من هذا املخت�رص عرفت معنى املجتمع وكيف‬ ‫ ‬ ‫وحتت �أي معيار تتحدد خ�صائ�صه‪ ،‬ويبقى لإدراك مفهوم‬ ‫العدالة االجتماعية معرفة مفهوم العدالة �أوال‪.‬‬ ‫�إن العدالة �إذا لوحظت مبعناها العام لهي و�ضع‬ ‫ ‬ ‫الأمور يف موا�ضعها‪ ،‬ولدى الفرد و�ضع كل جوارح وقوى‬ ‫الذات يف مو�ضعها ال�صحيح‪� ،‬أي حتقيق التوازن بينها‪،‬‬ ‫فهي عملية توازن داخلي عند الإن�سان يحفظ فيه لكل‬ ‫قوة حقها ولكل ميل �ضابطه بحيث ال يتعدى �أحدها على‬ ‫الآخر‪ ،‬ولعل مثال ذلك ما يذكر يف علم الأخالق حيث يكون‬ ‫الإن�سان خَ لِ ًقا عندما يحقق هذا التوازن الداخلي بني قواه‬ ‫ال�شهوية والغ�ضبية والوهمية والعقلية‪ ،‬وال يكون خلقا �إذا‬ ‫ق�ضى على قوة منها �أو اختل التوازن بينها‪ ،‬و�إمنا يكون عادال‬ ‫بالعدالة الأخالقية عندما يعطي لكل منها حقه‪ ،‬ويجعل‬ ‫احلار�س على ذلك العقل‪ ،‬الذي ميكنه حفظ التوازن وتوجيه‬ ‫الكل باجتاهه ال�صحيح‪ ،‬وال يح�صل تع ّد من �أحد منها‬ ‫على الآخر‪ ،‬وكون العقل حار�سا‪ ،‬فال ب َّد و�أن يرتافق مع �سالح‬ ‫يكبح جماح التمرد‪ ،‬وعليه فالعدالة الداخلية عند الإن�سان‬ ‫فرع التوازن بني القوى عرب �إخ�ضاعها للعقل امل�سيطر الذي‬

‫له �سالح فعال قادر على مواجهتها فال جتنح ال�شهوة وال‬ ‫الغ�ضب يف �أفعاله و�إمنا يبقى العقل ال�ضابط‪...‬‬ ‫والعدالة يف املجتمع نظري تلك يف الفرد‪ ،‬فهي ال‬ ‫ ‬ ‫تكون �إال عندما ت�أخذ كل قوة من قوى املجتمع‪ ،‬وكل فئة‪،‬‬ ‫وكل فرد مركزه وحمله ال�صحيح‪ ،‬بحيث ال يتعدى �أحد على‬ ‫الآخر‪ ،‬وال تكون تلك العدالة يف املجتمع �إال �إذا حتققت �أوال يف‬ ‫الفرد فامل�صلح احلقيقي ال ب َّد و�أن يكون عادال‪ ،‬لأن هذا الفرد‬ ‫الذي حقق عدالته الداخلية هو وحده قادر على �أن يعك�س‬ ‫عدالته يف املجتمع‪ ،‬بخالف من ال يزال عبدا مليل �أو رغبة �أو‬ ‫�أنانية‪ .‬ولكن كيف تنعك�س هذه العدالة؟‬ ‫كي يكون للمجتمع حفظ التوازن‪ ،‬ف�إنه بحاجة‬ ‫ ‬ ‫�إىل عقل كما هو احلال عند الإن�سان‪ ،‬ليكون �ضابط �أركان‬ ‫املجتمع وحمدد حدودها‪ ،‬ولي�س هذا العقل �إال ذلك الإن�سان‬ ‫الذي �سيطر العقل على داخل ذاته‪ .‬ف�إنه �إن كان لهذا الفرد �أن‬ ‫يدخل بفكره يف تقومي املجتمع وتكوينه‪ ،‬وتك َّو َن املجتمع على‬ ‫مثل هذا الفرد ونظرائه‪ ،‬ف�إن هذا املجتمع القائم به�ؤالء هو‬ ‫وحده له جذر العدالة االجتماعية و�أ�س�سها‪ ،‬ولكن هذه �أي�ضا‬ ‫ال تتحقق بوجود هذه الفئة وح�سب‪ ،‬كما ال تتحقق العدالة‬ ‫الداخلية بوجود العقل وحده‪ ،‬و�إمنا ال ب َّد من �أن يكون لها‬ ‫�سالح و�سيطرة تكون بذلك قادرة على منع التعدي والوقوف‬ ‫يف طريق �أي جامح‪.‬‬ ‫وعليه ف�إنه عندما يتحدث عن عدالة اجتماعية‪،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ف�إنه ال معنى لطلبها �إن مل يكن يف املجتمع مثل هذا‬ ‫الفرد الذي هو عقل‪ ،‬وعدل بذاته‪ ،‬وحاكم‪ ،‬فيكون هو املوجه‬ ‫ال�سليم‪ ،‬و�إال �إذا قام املجتمع بفرد �ضعف فيه العقل �أمام‬ ‫قواه الأخرى وميوله‪ ،‬ف�إنه تنهار العدالة الداخلية وتنهار‬ ‫معها عدالة املجتمع‪ ،‬ومتام املجتمع وكماله عندما يحقق‬ ‫متام العدالة الذاتية له‪ ،‬وذلك ال يكون �إال عندما يكون جميع‬ ‫�أفراده‪� ،‬أو على الأقل الأغلب‪ ،‬قد �أمتوا عدالتهم الداخلية‪،‬‬ ‫ف�أب�رش بعي�شة را�ضية‪...‬‬ ‫�أما �إن كنت �أنت �أو غريك ممن ي�سعى يف حتقيق‬ ‫ ‬ ‫العدالة االجتماعية‪ ،‬فال تطلب لذلك �أوال ال�سلطة والقوة‬ ‫و�إمنا اطلب – �أخي – عدالتك الداخلية‪ ،‬و�أح�سن حكم‬ ‫مملكتك‪ ،‬وعندما حتكمها بعقلك و�إرادتك وت�ضبط ميولك‪،‬‬ ‫عندها اطلب �سلطة و�سالحا وا�سعى للأخذ بيد جمتمعك‪،‬‬ ‫وقد تنجح �أي�ضا حتى من غري �سلطة‪ ،‬و�إن �أردت حتقيقها من‬ ‫غري طريق وكنت ممن حكم امليل نف�سه فاعلم �أن هدفك من‬ ‫ذلك هدف ما حكم نف�سك‪ ،‬فلتكن لك اجلر�أة �أنت تقول هذا‬ ‫هديف!‬

‫يهمها هو لقمة العي�ش ‪.‬‬ ‫لطاملا عا�شت �شعوبنا مهم�شة‪ ..‬كل ما ّ‬ ‫ذلك ناجت عن حماولة احلاكم جعل ال�شعب من�شغل بالرك�ض وراء‬ ‫لقمة العي�ش‪.‬فبدال من ت�سهيل امور احلياة يقومون بت�صعيبها‬ ‫وتعقيدها‪ .‬فين�شغل النا�س وين�سون ان هناك ما يدعى بالفكر‬ ‫الأو�سع والثقافة الأرحب‪ ،‬واالهم من ذلك ما يدعى احلرية‪.‬‬ ‫يدعون انهم ي�ستمدون‬ ‫ما ي�ضحكني هو ان احلكام الطغاة دائما ما ّ‬ ‫�رشعيتهم من �شعوبهم‪ ..‬يخرجون عليه باخلطابات املنافقة‬ ‫املتتالية‪ .‬ي�ستمرون بخداع �شعوبهم حتى يوهمونها �أنها تعي�ش‬ ‫اف�ضل حياة وانهم هم الذين ي�سهرون على�أمنها وحمايتها من‬ ‫ان العدو �سيغدرنا اذا نلنا حريتنا‪ .‬وك�أن‬ ‫العدو الغا�شم‪ .‬يوهموننا ّ‬ ‫احلرية هي نقمة ال نعمة! هم يعرفون جيدا حقيقتهم ويعرفون ان‬ ‫ال�شعب يدركها ولكنهم يف�ضلون ان يبقوا يف حالة من االنكار‬ ‫والتوهم بانهم اف�ضل املوجود ويقنعون ال�شعب بذلك‪ .‬لك ّننا‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫كيف ن�صل اىل الأف�ضل ان مل تكن الفر�صة مت�ساوية للجميع؟‬

‫ردة فعل الطغاة جتاه املطالبني باحلرية هي اتهامهم باالجرام‪ .‬ما‬ ‫اجلرمية اذاً ؟ اجلرمية هي عندما تقرر انك لن تعي�ش بعد الآن يف‬ ‫ظل العبودية والقهر‪ .‬وعندها تبد�أ االتهامات بانك �سلفي مند�س‬ ‫و ارهابي خمرب‪ ..‬نعم انك خمرب النك قررت ك�رس حاجز‬ ‫اخلوف‪ ..‬نعم انك ارهابي النك قررت ان ترعب الطاغية بكلمة‬ ‫حرية‪ ..‬نعم انك �سلفي النك اعلنت انك لن تركع اال لله‪ ..‬نعم‬ ‫انك مند�س الن ما تطالب به هو من مبادىء غريبة عنا‪..‬‬ ‫اخريا اود ان اقول انني وبكل فخر انحني اجالال واكراما لكل‬ ‫�شعب عظيم �آثر بنف�سه وقرر ان يقدم كل ما ميلك يف �سبيل‬ ‫حتقيق حريته وكرامته‪..‬‬ ‫من �أجمل ما ميكن �أن يقوله احلر‪ :‬املوت وال املذلة‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪15‬‬

‫الثالثاء‪10 ,‬كانون الثاني‪2012 ,‬‬

‫�شخ�صية الأ�سبوع الدكتورة هالة �شاهني ‪ -‬ت�سوڤاالك‬ ‫�سارة �أحمد الديراين – كاتبة �صحفية‬

‫ولدت الدكتورة هالة �شاهني يف ‪ 3‬ني�سان ‪ 1962‬يف العا�صمة‬ ‫بريوت‪ ،‬لوالدين كرميني هما الأ�ستاذ حممد وفيق �شاهني وال�سيدة‬ ‫أمية بكدا�ش‪ .‬عا�شت الدكتورة هالة كل فرتة طفولتها و�صباها‬ ‫� ّ‬ ‫يف خلدة‪� ،‬إىل �أن �أرغمت وعائلتها الحقا على الإنتقال لل�سكن‬ ‫يف بريوت ب�سبب احلرب الأهلية‪ .‬الدكتورة هالة هي الإبنة‬ ‫ال�صغرى املدللة لهذه العائلة‪ ،‬ولديها �أربعة �إخوة‪� :‬سارة‪� ،‬سوار‪،‬‬ ‫توفيق‪ ،‬و�سمر‪ .‬كان والدها يعمل يف جتارة البناء‪� ،‬أما والدتها‬ ‫فكانت مديرة مدر�سة «الطريق اجلديدة الر�سمية للبنات»‪.‬‬ ‫در�ست يف مدر�سة «الكلية الإجنيلية الفرن�سية»‪ ،‬وتخرجت‬ ‫منها يف العام ‪ .1982‬وبعد �إنهائها درا�ستها الثانوية‪� ،‬إلتحقت‬ ‫بكلية العلوم الزراعية والغذائية يف اجلامعة الأمريكية يف‬ ‫بريوت‪ ،‬وكانت ترغب يف �أن ت�صبح طبيبة بيطرية‪� ،‬إال �أن هذا‬ ‫الإخت�صا�ص مل يكن متوفرا يف لبنان حينها‪ .‬ولكنها يف ما بعد‪،‬‬ ‫�إكت�شفت �أنها حتب علم النبات �أكرث من علم احليوان و�أن خيارها‬ ‫لدرا�سة ال ‪ Mediterranean Agronomic‬كان �صائب ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ويف العام ‪ 1986‬نالت �إجازتها يف العلوم الزراعية‪ ،‬وبعدها‬ ‫مبا�رشة �سافرت اىل جزيرة كريت يف اليونان و�إلتحقت مبعهد‬ ‫‪ Institute of Chania‬ملتابعة درا�ستها‪ .‬و يف العام ‪،1989‬‬ ‫نالت �شهادتها يف الدرا�سات العليا‪.‬‬ ‫ويف العام ‪ ،1990‬عادت �إىل لبنان وعملت كباحث‬ ‫م�ساعد يف اجلامعة الأمريكية يف بريوت‪ ،‬فكانت تدر�س ح�ص�ص‬ ‫خمتربات احل�رشات يف كلية العلوم الزراعية والغذائية‪ ،‬كما و‬ ‫كانت م�س�ؤولة عن البيوت الزراعية البال�ستيكية املوجودة يف‬ ‫اجلامعة‪ .‬عملت يف هذه الوظيفة نحو �سنة واحدة‪� .‬إنتقلت بعدها‬ ‫للعمل يف كلية العلوم الزراعية يف اجلامعة اللبنانية (‪-1991‬‬ ‫تدر�س بع�ض مواد ال�سنة الأوىل يف كلية‬ ‫‪ ، )1995‬فكانت ّ‬ ‫الزراعة‪ :‬جغرافية لبنان الزراعية‪ ،‬ونظرة على العلوم الزراعية‪.‬‬ ‫و عملت �أي�ضا م�ساعدة لعميد الكلية �آنذاك‪ ،‬فكانت امل�س�ؤولة‬ ‫عن العالقات اخلارجية للكلية‪ .‬ومن خالل وظيفتها هذه‪ ،‬تعرفت‬ ‫على اجلامعات يف اخلارج‪ ،‬و�إ�ستطاعت �أن حت�صل عل منحة‬ ‫درا�سية ملتابعة درا�ستها يف فرن�سا‪.‬‬ ‫ويف العام ‪� ، 1995‬سافرت الدكتورة �إىل فرن�سا ملتابعة درا�ستها‪.‬‬ ‫ويف العام‪ ،1999‬حازت على �شهادة الدكتوراه من جامعة‬ ‫‪Institut National Polytechniquede Toulouse/‬‬ ‫‪Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Agronomie‬‬ ‫و ترى الدكتورة هالة �أن درا�سة الدكتوراه �أمر �صعب لأنه‬ ‫يتطلب جهدا وقوة حتمل كبرية‪ ،‬كما �أنه لي�س �أن يجد املرء فكرة‬ ‫�إبداعية جديدة تخوله احل�صول على �شهادة الدكتوراه‪� ،‬إال �أنها‬ ‫�أكدت �أنها جتربة جميلة وممتعة �ساعدتها يف تعلم الكثري‪.‬‬ ‫ويف العام ‪ ، 2000‬عادت �إىل لبنان وعملت‬

‫مع منظمة الأمم املتحدة حتى العام ‪ 2002‬كباحثة زراعية يف‬ ‫ق�سم الزراعة‪ .‬ومن ثم عملت من العام ‪ 2002‬حتى العام‬ ‫‪ 2004‬مب�رشوع �أوروبي يهدف �إىل «حت�ضري �سيا�سات للزراعة‬ ‫يف لبنان»‪ .‬و هي كانت امل�س�ؤولة عن درا�سة تنظيم وتطوير‬ ‫الإر�شاد الزراعي والتعليم املهني الزراعي‪ .‬ويف العام ‪2004‬‬ ‫�إنتقلت للعمل يف �صور مع جمعية» �إمناء القدرات الزراعية يف‬ ‫الريف» كمديرة الربامج الزراعية‪ ،‬وبقيت تعمل مع هذه اجلمعية‬ ‫حتى العام ‪ ،2006‬حيث انتقلت للعمل مب�رشوع �أمريكي‬ ‫يهدف �إىل « العمل من �أجل ال�صناعة الزراعية امل�ستدامة يف‬ ‫لبنان‪ ».‬وبقيت تعمل يف هذا امل�رشوع كمديرة العمليات احلقلية‬ ‫حتى العام ‪ .2008‬ويف نف�س العام عملت مع املنظمة عينها‬ ‫على برنامج ‪ World‬بعنوان « العمل لتحديث الزراعة يف‬ ‫لبنان‪ ».‬ويف العام ‪ 2009‬عملت مع ‪World Logistics‬‬ ‫‪ Organization‬بتمويل من منظمة ‪Bill and Melinda‬‬ ‫‪ . Gates Foundation‬كان هذا امل�رشوع يهدف لدرا�سة �سبل‬ ‫تخفي�ض فاقد ما بعد القطاف للفاكهة واخل�ضار يف دول جنوب‬ ‫�صحراء �أفريقيا وجنوب �آ�سيا‪ ،‬فتنقل امل�رشوع بني دول متعددة‪:‬‬ ‫غانا وبانني وروندا ودول جنوب الهند‪ .‬ويف العام ‪2010‬‬ ‫حتى اليوم تعمل ك�أ�ستاذة حما�رضة يف اجلامعة الأمريكية ويف‬ ‫اجلامعة اللبنانية‪ ،‬و هي تعطي العديد من املواد املطلوبة من‬ ‫طالب الأعمال التجارية الزراعية ‪Agribusiness‬‬ ‫و يف �شهر �أيلول املا�ضي‪ ،‬تزوجت الدكتورة هالة من ال�سيد‬ ‫نكوال ت�سوڤاالكي�س اليوناين الأ�صل‪ .‬تعرفت عليه منذ ثالث‬ ‫�سنني من خالل �أ�صدقاء م�شرتكني بينهما‪ ،‬و كانا قد تزوجا مدنيا‬ ‫يف اليونان‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :‬لها العديد من املقاالت املن�شورة املتعلقة ب�أبحاث‬ ‫قامت بها‪ ،‬ومنها‬ ‫‪- Hala Chahine (2001) paper in an integrated‬‬ ‫‪program for the harmonization of norms for‬‬ ‫ ‪selected agricultural inputs. Agriculture bu‬‬‫‪letin no. 2, UN- ESCWA.‬‬ ‫ ‪- Hala Chahine. (2001). A study on the harm‬‬‫ ‪nization of norms, standards and legal instr‬‬‫ ‪ments for selected agricultural inputs in E‬‬‫‪CWA countries. UN-ESCWA‬‬ ‫‪- Mohamad Gabr, Hala Chahine, Wafa Khoury‬‬ ‫‪(2000). Possibilities of improving the standards‬‬ ‫‪and norms for agricultural pesticides in the‬‬ ‫ ‪Arab Region. Presented at the Seventh Scie‬‬‫ ‪tific Meeting of the Arab Society for Plant Pr‬‬‫‪tection, Amman, Jordan, October 22-26, 2000‬‬ ‫‪- H. Chahine, B. Gouble, J.M. Audergon, M.‬‬

‫‪Souty, G. Albagnac, G. Jacquemin, M. Reich,‬‬ ‫‪M. Hugue. (1999) Effect of ethylene on certain‬‬ ‫ ‪quality parameters of apricot fruit (Prunus a‬‬‫ ‪meniaca, L.) during maturation and postha‬‬‫ ‪vest evolution. Proc. Xth Int. Symp. On Apr‬‬‫‪cot Culture. Ed I. Karayaiannis Acta Hort.,‬‬ ‫‪ISHS 488: 577-581.‬‬ ‫‪- Mbguié - A - Mbguié D, Chahine H, Gomez‬‬ ‫‪R-M, Gouble B, Reich M, Audergon J-M, Souty‬‬ ‫ ‪M, Albagnac G, Fils-Lycaon B (1999) Molec‬‬‫ ‪lar cloning and expression of a cdna enco‬‬‫)‪ing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc‬‬ ‫‪oxidase from apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca).‬‬ ‫‪Physiol. Plant. 105 : 294-303‬‬ ‫‪- Hamzé, M.; W. Khoury; W. Dikah and H.‬‬ ‫ ‪Chahine. (1994) The Higher Agricultural Ed‬‬‫‪cation and Training Programs in Lebanon:‬‬ ‫‪Status and Perspective. Presented at the FAO‬‬ ‫‪Expert Consultation on «Strategies for Higher‬‬ ‫‪Agricultural Education for the Year 2000 and‬‬ ‫‪Beyond in the Near East Region». MEDIT No.‬‬ ‫‪3 September 1994.‬‬ ‫ما هو نهجك �أو قاعدتك يف هذه احلياة؟‬ ‫ميكنني �أن �أخل�ص نهجي يف هذه احلياة من خالل هذا املبد�أ ( ما‬ ‫ت�آخد حالك جد ب�س خود �شغلك جد) فالإن�سان يجب �أن يتوا�ضع‬ ‫دائما يف حياته وي�سعى �إىل �أن يثبت نف�سه من خالل عمله اجلاد‬ ‫واملثمر‪.‬فعمل الإن�سان يعك�س واقعه ويعزز مكانته الإجتماعية‬ ‫واحلياتية على حدٍ �سواء‪..‬‬ ‫ماذا تقولني لطالب اجلامعة الأمريكية ب�شكل عام؟‬ ‫ال تت�رصفوا وك�أنكم زبائن تدفعون املال لتح�صلوا على �شهادة‪.‬‬ ‫فما تقدمه اجلامعة وما ميكنكم �أن حت�صلوا عليه من خالل‬ ‫درا�ستكم يف هذه اجلامعة يتخطى كونكم زبائنا‪ ،‬لأنكم حقيقةً‬ ‫ينبغي �أن تكونوا بالدرجة الأوىل طالب علم وثقافة ال طالب‬ ‫�شهادات وح�سب‪ .‬كما �أحفز جميع الطالب على ال�سفر �إىل دول‬ ‫�أخرى �أكرث تقدم ًا من لبنان‪ ،‬ال للهجرة ولكن لينفتحوا على‬ ‫العامل‪ ،‬وينموا قدراتهم الفكرية من �أجل �إبتكار طرق وو�سائل‬ ‫جديدة لتح�سني واقع وظروف لبنان‪.‬‬ ‫ما هو �أهم �شي يف احلياة من وجهة نظرك؟‬ ‫حب العائلة بالدرجة االوىل فهي ال�سند الأهم‪ ،‬والعمل بجدية‬ ‫وب�ضمري‪ ،‬فعملنا مر�آتنا‪.‬‬

‫نهاية العامل‪!2012‬‬ ‫جاد �شم�س الدين‪ -‬كاتب �صحفي‬

‫اه ً‬ ‫ال و�سهال بكم يف ال‪ ،2012‬عام الكوارث واحلروب‪ ،‬عام‬ ‫الطبيعة الغا�ضبة ‪،‬عام احلرب العاملية الثالثة‪،‬بل انها ال�سنة‬ ‫التي �سينتهي فيها العامل‪ ،‬نعم انها ال‪ 2012‬بح�سب علماء‬ ‫الفلك والقطي ال�صور واالحا�سي�س او االلهام وحتى بح�سب‬ ‫روزنامات بع�ض احل�ضارات‪.‬‬ ‫مع نهاية كل عام ‪،‬و حتديداً يف ليلة را�س ال�سنة‪ ،‬تت�سابق و�سائل‬ ‫االعالم اىل ا�ست�ضافة قارئي امل�ستقبل على انواعهم (ملتقطي‬ ‫ال�صور و�أ�صحاب الإلهامات وذوي احلا�سة ال�ساد�سة) لكي‬ ‫يتوقعوا ماذا �سيحدث يف العام اجلديد‪.‬وللمتوقعني جمهور‬ ‫ينتظر هذه التوقعات من عام اىل عام‪ .‬بع�ض النا�س يعترب هذه‬ ‫التوقعات م�صريية‪ ،‬وبع�ض �آخر ي�أخذ منها ما يتنا�سب مع‬

‫ميوله ويهمل الآخر ‪،‬و�آخرين ال يبالون ويعتربونها خزعبالت‬ ‫ولي�ست اكرث من كالم فارغ‪ .‬لذلك جتد �أنا�سا ي�ؤمنون بها ك�أنها‬ ‫من املحتوم ويرتكزون عليها يف �أعمالهم‪ ،‬بينما �آخرين غري‬ ‫م�ستعدين لت�ضييع وقت يف �سماعها‪ .‬كل لديه وعي �إدراكي‬ ‫معني‪.‬‬ ‫هذا العام كان خمتلفا عن تلك االعوام التي �سبقت‪ ،‬بحيث بثت‬ ‫�إحدى املحطات التلفزيونية يف �أحد براجمها تقارير عن توقعات‬ ‫كثرية للمتوقعني البارزين والتي مل حتدث‪ ،‬والتي بدورها‬ ‫كانت كفيلة لكي ت�أكد للنا�س بان تلك التوقعات لي�ست اكرث‬ ‫من حتاليل ممكن ان ت�صيب وممكن ان ال ت�صيب‪ ...‬وذلك بعد ان‬ ‫كانت كل املحطات التي ت�سارع اىل ا�ست�ضافة ه�ؤالء املحللني‬

‫تظهر التوقعات التي حتققت مع اهمال التوقعات التي مل تتحقق‬ ‫‪,‬والتي تظهر وك�أن كالمهم ال يخطىء و بان كل توقعاتهم‬ ‫�صائبة‪ .‬فيختارون من هنا و هناك اي �شيء قريب من التوقع او‬ ‫حتى يف بع�ض االحيان ال �صلة له بالتوقع ‪.‬‬ ‫يف النهاية هناك من يعمل على اظهارهم باح�سن �صورة جلذب‬ ‫امل�شاهدين‪ ،‬وهناك من يعمل على اظهار العك�س لإقتناعهم‬ ‫بالعك�س‪.‬ان كنت م�شاهدا‪،‬م�ستمعا �أو قارئا‪،‬عقلك قادر على‬ ‫التمييز بني ال�صح واخلط�أ‪ ،‬فايقظه اذا كان نائم ًا‪.‬‬

‫جزء ‪ ،44‬عدد ‪115‬‬ ‫الثالثاء‪10 ,‬كانون الثاني‪2012 ,‬‬ ‫اخلميس‪ 17 ,‬تشرين الثاني‪2011 ,‬‬

‫ما بعد الثورات‪ :‬العلمانية �أم الإ�سالم؟‬ ‫منى �أيوب – كاتبة �صحفية‬

‫كانت تلك املرة الأوىل‪ ،‬رمبا‪ ،‬التي �أ�ستمع فيها �إىل حوار هادئ و‬ ‫�إيجابي بني م�ؤيدي العلمانية و م�ؤيدي احلكم الديني‪ .‬مل يكن‬ ‫هذا �أحد �أهداف املحا�رضة ‪ ،‬غري �أنه ح�صل تلقائيا مبجرد �أن فتح‬ ‫املجال للأ�سئلة‪.‬‬ ‫املحا�رضة‪ ،‬التي �أقيمت يف ‪ ،2012/1/3‬كانت بعنوان ‪« :‬‬ ‫ما بعد الثورات ‪ :‬العلمانية �أم الإ�سالم؟»‪ ،‬و هي من تنظيم ال‬ ‫‪ .Insight Club‬املحا�رض كان الأ�ستاذ �ساري فرح ‪ ،‬مدر�س‬ ‫علم النف�س و الباحث يف مقارنة الديانات ‪.‬موا�ضيع املحا�رضة‬ ‫قُ�سمت على ال�شكل التايل‪ :‬عر�ض موجز لتاريخ البطوالت و‬ ‫النك�سات عند امل�سلمني منذ زمن النبي حممد(�ص) ‪ ،‬ثم عر�ض‬ ‫موجز �أي�ضا عن اال�ستعمار و العلمانية ‪ ،‬ثم �رشح ملعنى « تطبيق‬ ‫الإ�سالم» يف ال�سيا�سة و الإقت�صاد و املجتمع‪.‬‬ ‫�إ�ستهل فرح املحا�رضة بالإ�شارة �إىل �أن تاريخ امل�سلمني �شهد‬

‫دفن املفاهيم الرجعية‬ ‫مدى الدب�س‪ -‬كاتبة �صحفية‬

‫قامت رابطة االنعا�ش القومي ونادي حقوق االن�سان يف‬ ‫اجلامعة االمريكية بالتن�سيق مع جمعية «كفى» بن�شاط ناجح‬ ‫الرجعية» ‪ .‬يف فكرة هي االوىل من‬ ‫حتت عنوان ‪« ‬دفن املفاهيم ّ‬ ‫نوعها يف اجلامعة ‪ ،‬قام الطالّب النا�شطون يف املجال احلقوقي‬ ‫واالجتماعي بتكري�س ن�شاط كامل لفكرة امل�ساواة بني املر�أة‬ ‫والرجل‪ .‬وقد حظي احلدث بتغطية اعالمية وا�سعة‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫جتمع ّ‬ ‫الطالب �أمام مبنى «الو�ست هول» حول نع�ش رمزي ميثل‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫املفاهيم الذكورية الرجعية والتي يحتاج جمتمعنا اىل التخّ ل�ص‬ ‫منها كي ينبعث من جديد‪ .‬كانت الفقرة الأوىل تفاعلية بامتياز‬ ‫‪،‬فقد �شارك عدد كبري من ّ‬ ‫الطالب بكتابة بع�ض املفاهيم التي‬ ‫يريدون دفنها على �أوراق ومت رميها يف النع�ش‪ .‬من �أكرث‬ ‫املفاهيم التي تكررت ( االغت�صاب الزوجي ‪ ،‬العنف اجل�سدي‬ ‫والكالمي ‪ ،‬عدم امل�ساواة يف فر�ص العمل ‪ ،‬عدم امل�ساواة يف‬ ‫التعليم ‪ ،‬عدم القدرة على اخلروج لي ً‬ ‫ال ‪ ،‬معاملة املر�أة كج�سد ال‬

‫حاالت مد و جزر عديدة‪ .‬منذ زمن النبي حممد(�ص) ‪� ،‬إىل حكم‬ ‫اخللفاء الرا�شدين و الدولتني الأموية و العبا�سية ‪ ،‬و�صوال �إىل‬ ‫الإمرباطورية العثمانية ‪ ،‬جتد �أن امل�سلمني دائما ما يكونون‬ ‫يف حالة قوة و ازدهار متى ما مت�سكوا بدينهم‪ ،‬و ي�صيبهم‬ ‫ال�ضعف و الف�ساد حني يبتعدون عن تطبيقه‪ .‬و بعد انهيار‬ ‫الإمرباطورية العثمانية‪� ،‬أو�ضح فرح‪ ،‬قام امل�ستعمرون بتق�سيم‬ ‫�أرا�ضيها يف ما بينهم و العمل على ن�رش مبادئهم و ثقافاتهم‪ ،‬و‬ ‫منها العلمانية‪ .‬و بالرغم من نيل هذه الدول ا�ستقاللها الحقا‪ ،‬ف�إن‬ ‫الأفكار اال�ستعمارية بقيت مت�أ�صلة فيها‪ ،‬و ما الأنظمة احلالية �أو‬ ‫املخلوعة �إال ا�ستمرار خفي للإ�ستعمار ‪.‬‬ ‫و لربط هذه املقدمة مبو�ضوع املحا�رضة الأ�صلي‪� ،‬أكد فرح �أن‬ ‫ثورات ال�شعوب العربية الأخرية هي بداية عودة امل�سلمني �إىل‬ ‫القمة جمددا‪ .‬فبعد �أن كانت هذه ال�شعوب تعي�ش حالة « كوما»‬

‫والرغبات‬ ‫روح ‪ ،‬عدم القدرة على اعطاء اجلن�سية ‪ ،‬قمع احلب ّ‬ ‫اجلن�سية ‪ ،‬عدم القدرة على الزواج من طائفة �أخرى)‪ّ .‬مت �أي�ض ًا‬ ‫توزيع من�شورات ت�رشح عنا�رص القانون �ضد العنف الأ�رسي ‪،‬‬ ‫باال�ضافة اىل توزيع قالئد حملت عنوان «لن �أع ّنف ‪ ،‬لن �أ�سكت‬ ‫‪ ،‬نعم ملناه�ضة العنف �ضد املر�أة»‪ .‬تال ذلك كلمة لرابطة االنعا�ش‬ ‫القومي �ألقتها رئي�سة النادي جاء فيها ‪ « :‬لي�ست املر�أة ن�صف‬ ‫العددي الرتاكمي للكلمة‪ ...‬املر�أة‬ ‫املجتمع ‪ ،‬كما ُيقال‪ ،‬باملعنى‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫و�ضمريه‪ .‬ومتى �أراد العا ُ‬ ‫مل املعا�رص‬ ‫روحه‬ ‫عالم ُة املجتمع ‪ ،‬بل ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫تقدمها ‪ ،‬فهو يتجه �أو ً‬ ‫ال نحو‬ ‫م�ستوى‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫يقي َم دولةً ما ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وي ْ�سبرُ َ‬ ‫�أن ّ‬ ‫و�ضع املر�أة ليكون هو املعيار يف ُح ْك ِم التقدم والتخلف‪.‬من هنا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ ،‬من هذه الزاوية املعيارية بالذات ‪ ،‬ننطلق ‪ ‬مع جمعية «كفى»‬ ‫يف رحلتها االجتماعية واالن�سانية ال لن ْن�صرُ َ جن�س ًا على جن�س‬ ‫الرجال ‪ ،‬بل لنخلو‬ ‫‪� ،‬أو لنقيم مملكة الن�ساء على �أنقا�ض مملكة ّ‬ ‫لرن�سخ ثقافة امل�ساواة و�سلوك‬ ‫الراقية ‪،‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫منحى العالقة التكافلية ّ‬

‫منذ �أقل من �أربعة ع�رش �شهرا‪ ،‬تغري كل �شيء فج�أة و طوى‬ ‫التاريخ �صفحة العديد من الأنظمة البالية‪ .‬و ها هي ال�شعوب‬ ‫تتجه �إىل �إعادة �إحياء املبادئ الإ�سالمية بعد �أن اختارت اجلماعات‬ ‫�أو الأحزاب الإ�سالمية لتقودها يف املرحلة املقبلة‪.‬‬ ‫و بالرغم من فوز الأحزاب الإ�سالمية يف االنتخابات امل�رصية و‬ ‫التون�سية ‪ ،‬ف�إن �رشيحة مهمة من ال�شعوب ال تزال متخوفة من‬ ‫و�صولها �إىل احلكم‪ .‬و يعزو فرح هذا اخلوف �إىل الإعالم الذي ما‬ ‫�صور على �أنه‬ ‫ينفك يعطي �صورا خاطئة عن امل�سلم ؛ فهو �إما ُي ّ‬ ‫�صور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نادرا‬ ‫�إرهابي متطرف �أو ليربايل متحرر من دينه ‪ ،‬و‬ ‫ُ ّ‬ ‫على �أنه منفتح معتدل‪.‬‬ ‫وو�صول الإ�سالميني �إىل احلكم ‪� ،‬أ�ضاف فرح‪ ،‬ال يعني بداية‬ ‫لع�رص ال�سيوف و قطع الأيدي و فر�ض احلجاب‪ ،‬بل �إن املفهوم‬ ‫الإ�سالمي ملا يجب �أن يكون عليه احلكم ال يختلف كثريا عن‬ ‫طبق الإ�سالم‬ ‫نظرة كثريين‪ .‬فعلى ال�صعيد ال�سيا�سي مثال‪ُ ،‬ي ّ‬ ‫عمليا �إذا �أوتي بحكام يخ�ضعون للمحا�سبة‪،‬و �إذا �أزيل الف�ساد و‬ ‫�أقيم العدل و كانت لل�شعب م�شاركة فعلية و حقيقية يف احلكم‪.‬‬ ‫�أما اقت�صاديا‪ ،‬فالنظام الإ�سالمي يف جوهره يطمح �إىل �إلغاء الربا‬ ‫و ت�رشيع الزكاة و ت�أمني االحتياجات الرئي�سية لكل املواطنني‪.‬‬ ‫و اجتماعيا‪ ،‬ي�سعى النظام الإ�سالمي �إىل ن�رش القيم الأخالقية‬ ‫و مكافحة اجلرمية و �إىل االنفتاح و التعاي�ش مع اجلميع‪ ،‬مبا فيهم‬ ‫غري امل�سلمني‪.‬‬ ‫حتول الوقت املخ�ص�ص للأ�سئلة �إىل حلقة نقا�ش بني فرح و عدد‬ ‫من �أع�ضاء النادي العلماين يف اجلامعة ‪ ،‬حيث طلب ه�ؤالء من‬ ‫فرح حتديد ما ُيتوقّع �أن يكون موقف « النظام الإ�سالمي» من‬ ‫العديد من الق�ضايا و خا�صة يف ما يتعلق باحلريات العامة و‬ ‫حقوق غري امل�سلمني‪� .‬أحد الأع�ضاء يف هذا النادي �أ�شار �إىل �أن‬ ‫النقاط امل�شرتكة بني الفريقني هي �أكرث من نقاط الإختالف‪.‬‬ ‫لفتني تعليق �أحد احلا�رضين يف �آخر اللقاء يخت�رص كل الأفكار‬ ‫ال�سابقة‪� « :‬أعطني حرية و عدالة و حماربة للف�ساد‪ ،‬و دع‬ ‫ال�شعب يختار النظام الذي يريده»‪.‬‬

‫امل�ساواة ‪ ،‬لنقول ‪ :‬ال للتمييزِ العن�رصي �ضد املر�أة ‪ ،‬ال للعنف ‪ ،‬ال‬ ‫لال�ستتباع ‪ ،‬نعم حلرية املر�أة امل�س�ؤولة ‪ ،‬نعم للثقة ‪ ،‬نعم لالحرتام‬ ‫املتبادل‪� .‬ستبقى هيئات املجتمع املدين ‪ ،‬و»كفى» من طالئعها ‪،‬‬ ‫حاجةً حقوقية وقانونية على امل�ستويني املجتمعي واالن�ساين‪...‬‬ ‫متدني ًا اىل ان تتغري على م�ستوى‬ ‫�ستبقى حاجةً ح�ضارية ومطلب ًا ُّ‬ ‫النخبة واجلمهور النظرة اىل املر�أة دوراً ووزن ًا وقيمة « � ّأما رئي�س‬ ‫نادي حقوق االن�سان طالل النابل�سي فقد �ألقى كلمة هاجم فيها‬ ‫النظام الذكوري الذي �أقام فحو�صات العذرية ليهني الثائرات‬ ‫يف م�رص والذي ميار�س العنف اال�رسي وي�سن قوانني �ضد املر�أة‬ ‫فيجعلها مواطنة درجة ثانية‪ .‬و� ّأكد ان الن�شاط يطلق ر�صا�صة‬ ‫الرحمة على النظام الذكوري الظامل كي يحيا جمتمع امل�ساواة‬ ‫وينتهي القمع والظلم الذي ميار�س على املر�أة‪.‬‬

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