TESTING INSTRUME NTS FOR ENERGETIC MATERIALS LABORATORIES
VERSION 2014 WWW.OZM.CZ
CONTENT
ABOUT US
ENERGETIC MATERIALS TESTING INSTRUMENTS TOP QUALIFICATION
EXPORT-ORIENTED
Instruments Application Reference Table
OZM Research is a knowledge-based company formed by experienced explosives scientists and engineers with advanced academic degrees in this very special branch of chemical engineering. The company’s core business consists of testing instruments, technologies and expert services for energetic materials – explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, and ammunition.
Since 1997 we have exported our products to more than 40 countries on all continents. Our major clients include military research & development centres, forensic institutes, international certification bodies, universities, explosives and ammunition manufacturers, nuclear power plants and other related industries. Our company is fully licensed for handling explosive materials and ammunition, as well as for foreign trade with these specific products.
SENSITIVITY TESTS
CUSTOMER-SUPPORT
Small-Scale Electrostatic Spark Sensitivity Tester ESD 2008A
4
5
Large-Scale Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Tester ESD LS30-MIL
6
BAM Friction Apparatus FSKM 10
7
Improved BAM Fall Hammer (Impact Tester) BFH 12 8 Consumables for BAM Friction and Fall Hammer testers
9
Koenen Test
9
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
Our services do not end with sale and delivery. Our product managers are PhDs in explosives science and technology with extensive laboratory praxis and international experience in development and applications of new testing methods and instruments. This allows us to provide our customers the maximum assistance in selection and implementation of the testing instruments. Customer-oriented approach involves modifications of the standard products for better fitting the customer’s needs or development of completely new instruments tailored for a specific project. Having the high expertise in the field of explosives and munitions, we are able to provide full assistance to the customers with fitting the products into the customer’s projects, with testing methodologies, personnel training and other expert services.
Vacuum Stability Tester for Explosives STABIL VI 10 Automatic Explosion Temperature Tester AET 402 11 Differential Thermal Analyzer DTA 552-Ex 12 Heating Blocks
13
Detonation Velocity Measuring System VOD 812 14 High Performance Calorimeter for Energetic Materials BCA 500 15 Detonation Calorimeter DCA5 and DCA50 16
PERFORMANCE TESTS Laboratory Detonation Chambers
17
Industrial Detonation Chambers
18
Remote Cnc Machining for Explsoives and Rocket Fuels XSM-01 19 Time-Pressure Test Apparatus/Test for Oxidizing Liquids TPT Series 20
OZM RESEARCH IS READY TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR TASKS IN ENERGETIC MATERIALS!
Software for Calculation of Detonation Parameters EXPLO5 Current version: 6.02 21 Pressure Wave Analyzer and Quantifier Prewaq 22
INTERIOR BALLISTIC TESTS Closed vessels NV series 23 Closed Vessels RB series 23 Stojan Vessel SV-2 24 Rocket Motor Ballistic Measurement RMM 25 Subscale Rocket Motor Measurement TRM 35 25
GAS & DUST TESTING INSTRUMENTS Measurement of Minimum Ignition Energy of Dust Dispersions MIE-D 1.2 27 Explosion Chambers for Gas and Dusts
P.15
P.27
High Performance Calorimeter
Minimum Ignition Energy Apparatus
28
Autoignition Temperature of Liquid and Solid Chemicals AIT 551 29 Self Heating Substances Tester SHT 150 30 Sustained Combustibility Tester SCT 100 31 Minimum Ignition Temperature Tester MIT 1000
32
Dust Layer Ignition Temperature Tester LIT 400 32
EXPLOSION-RESISTANT STORAGE Safe Laboratory Storage of Small Explosive Samples PORTABLE GAS-TIGHT EXPLOSION-RESISTANT CONTAINERS 34 Safe Storage Of Larger Stocks Of Explosive Samples EXPLOSION-RESISTANT STORAGE CONTAINERS (5 – 10 kg TNT eq.) 35 Safe Storage of Larger Stocks of Explosive Samples STORAGE MODULES FOR EXPANDING CAPACITY OF STORAGE ROOMS (10 – 1000 kg TNT eq.) 35
P.28
P.31
1 m Explosion Chamber
Sustained Combustibility Tester
3
EXPLOSIVE PROCESSING OF METALS
37
SELECTED REFERENCES
38
ENERGETIC MATERIALS TESTING INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENTS APPLICATIONS REFERENCE TABLE
5 4
FOR THERMAL STABILITY, SENSITIVITY AND PERFORMANCE TESTS
Accelerated Ageing
HBA-01, heating boxes
Bergmann-Junk Test
BeJu-01
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
DTA 552-Ex
Dutch Weight Loss Test at 90 oC (Holland Test)
HOLLAND TEST
Explosion Temperature Test
AET 402
Heat Storage Test at 100 째C
CH100-01
Chemical Compatibility by DTA
DTA 552-Ex
Chemical Compatibility by VST
STABIL VI
Methyl Violet Test
MVT-01
Sensitivity to External Stimuli Tests Explosive Performance Tests
x
x
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
o
x
x
Military Qualification
x
Explosive Devices
x
Explosive Substances
Pyrotechnics
Industrial Explosives
Military High Explosives
Primary Explosives
x
x
x
x
o
x
o
x
o
x x
x
o
x
x
x
x
x
o
o
x
o
x
x
x
x
o
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
TST75-01
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Vacuum Stability Test (VST)
STABIL VI
o
x
x
o
x
x
x
x
Cook-off Tests (slow, fast)
SCO, FCO
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Koenen Test Large Scale Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Test Small Scale Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Test
FSKM 10 (BFST-BAM6A)
o
x
FSKM 10 (BFST-PEX3A)
x
o
Water & UN GAP Test
o
x
x
x
x
BFH 10, BFH 12
o
BFH PEx
x
Koenen tester
o
ESD LS30-MIL
x o
o
o
x
o
x
x
x
x
o
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
x
x
x
o
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Time-pressure Test
TPT series
o
x
x
x
x
x
x
Explosive Strength (power)
Ballistic mortars BM 310,BM 765
o
x
x
o
x
x
Explosive Strength (power)
Trauzl test, detonation chambers
o
x
x
o
x
x
Explosive Brisance Tests
Hess test, Kast test, detonation chambers
o
x
x
o
x
x
Detonation Velocity
VOD 812, detonation chambers
o
x
x
o
x
x
Detonation Properties Calculation
EXPLO5
x
x
x
x
Heat of Detonation
DCA 5, DCA 50
x
x
x
Shock Wave Pressure and Heat Flow in Air Blast, Closed Structures, Underwater Tests
PREWAQ, detonation chambers
x
x
x
x
x
Closed Vessel Tests
BCA 500 NV series
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
STOJAN VESSEL SV-2
x x
x
x
x
x
Sub-scale Rocket Motor Tests
TRM 35
x
x
x
x
x
Rocket Motor Burning Parameters
RMM
x
x
x
x
x
x
CNC Remote Sampling and Machining
XSM-01
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
x
o
x
x
Burning Rate Tests
RB series
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
o
x
x
ESD 2008A
Heat of Combustion/Explosion
o
x
AET 402
Impact Sensitivity Test
x
x
Thermal Stability test at 75 C
Gap Tests (shock wave sensitivity)
x
x
Time-to-explosion Test
Friction Sensitivity Test
Safety Engineering
ABT-01
Rocket Propellants
Abel Test
o
Interior Ballistic Performance Tests
OZM INSTRUMENT
Gun Propellants
Chemical and Thermal Stability Tests
TEST METHOD
Storage & Transport
Limited usage
APPLICATIONS
R&D
O
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
Product Quality Control
Applicable
Military Surveillance
x
Not applicable
Sampling and Sample Preparation
3
x
SMALL-SCALE ELECTROSTATIC SPARK SENSITIVITY TESTER
LARGE-SCALE ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY TESTER
ESD 2008A
ESD LS30-MIL
• Designed for the precise measurement of the initiation energy of energetic materials in the range of discharge energies (from 25 μJ to 25 J).
SENSITIVITY TESTS
• Apparatus can operate in the two discharge regimes – Oscillating & Damping – allowing to test sensitivity to electrostatic spark (discharge) of the various classes of energetic materials. • Several designs of the spark gap assemblies designed according to the requirements of different standards or testing methods.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Electrostatic discharge is one of the most frequent and the least characterized cause of accidental initiation of energetic materials. Sensitivity to electrostatic discharge (spark) is one of the main safety parameter crucial for the handling, processing and transportation of the energetic materials. A small-scale electrostatic spark sensitivity test determines the amount of the discharge energy required for the initiation of the tested sample. ESD 2008A is suitable for the wide range of applications ranging from the quality control of explosives processing and manufacturing to the research and development of the new explosive materials.
• ESD 2008A allows precise measurement of the spark energy which is entirely absorbed by the sample and is capable to initiate it. Depending on the applied test method are results presented in the form of Minimum Initiation Energy (threshold) or energy level representing 50 % probability (E50). • Tester is designed to work with the crystalline/granular high explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics and as well primary explosives. • Tester is equipped with the two automatically operated testing stands: • First testing stand is designed for the fixed distance of electrodes; • Second testing stand is designed for the approaching anode. • External testing assemblies is designed for the testing of the larger amount of explosive sample. • Tester is supplied with the wide range of internal and auxiliary capacitors allowing to carry testing within the wide range of energies at the arbitrary energy levels. • Voltage from HV source can be driven outside of machine as an alternative HV source for an alternative application. • Tester is not suitable for testing of the Electro Explosive Devices or simulation of electrostatic environment as well as examination of the large compact samples (eg. rocket propellant grains).
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • EN 13938-2 Explosives for civil uses – Propellants and rocket propellants – Part 2: Determination of resistance to electrostatic energy • STANAG 4490: Explosives, Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity • MIL-STD-1751A: Safety and Performance Tests for the Qualification of Explosives - Methods 1031, 1032 & 1033
ACCESSORIES
Fixed electrode testing stand
• Designed for the determination of the resistance of high explosives, propellants, ammunition elements or electronic devices to electrostatic discharge. Discharge parameters are adjustable in the range of 0 - 30 kV voltage and 0 - 17 J spark energy. • Two modes of testing – Oscillating & Damping. • Single or consecutive repeated discharges. • Set of changeable inbuilt capacitors and resistors. • Capable of testing various type and amount of solid or granular form of samples up to several kilograms.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
This tester is applicable for the testing of the ESD susceptibility of the large size solid materials (typically bulk propellant grains) as well as other ESD sensitive items and munitions elements. Tester can be used to test resistance to energy in the form of ESD event of the Electro Explosive Devices and related electronics. Tester is not suitable to examine exact energy levels necessary to initiate granular energetic materials samples. Tester is capable to operate in the mode generating human body equivalent discharges.
• Tester produces discharges in the two basic testing modes: • For large-scale testing of resistance to electrostatic discharge of energetic materials. • For the testing to determine resistance of explosive materials, ammunition or electronic elements against electrostatic discharge generated by the human body. • Remote controlled operation of the apparatus using optical communication for safe distance operation up to several hundreds of meters. • Variable setting of discharge parameters and energy by the combination of external HV resistors and capacitors. • Simple reversion of electrical polarity of the high voltage output. • Robust case with IP54 protection for easy handling and outdoor applications. • Testing samples weighing up to several kilograms by a series or individual discharges with constant spark energy of up to 17 J. • The instrument can be used for evaluation of influence of temperature on the spark sensitivity.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • STANAG 4235, STANAG 4239, STANAG 4490 • AECTP-500, AECTP-250 • MIL-STD-331B • MIL-STD-1576 • MIL-STD-1751A
ACCESSORIES
Approaching anode testing stand
Left to right: ESD-30133-TA ESD-FE-TA ESD-32-TA ESD-OZM-TA
Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-STD-1751A methods 1031 & 1033 Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-PRF-46676B (AR) Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-ST D-1751A methods 1032 Spark gap assembly acc. to OZM/TNO /DTTX
6
SENSITIVITY TESTS
5
High voltage probe
Remote control
Set-up of testing container
7
BAM FRICTION APPARATUS
IMPROVED BAM FALL HAMMER (IMPACT TESTER)
FSKM 10
BFH 12
8
• Designed for determination of impact sensitivity of energetic materials in accordance with the BAM procedure.
• Robust stainless steel design. • Two loading arms are available – for sensitivity testing of highly sensitive explosives as well as less sensitive explosives at one apparatus.
• Unique Drop Weight Exchange Window.
Drop Weight Exchange Window
APPLICATION Impact sensitivity is one of the most important characteristics of energetic materials defining their safety in handling, processing or transportation. Its determination is a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.
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FEATURES
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Friction of explosives between hard surfaces is one of the most frequent causes of accidental explosions. Determination of friction sensitivity is thus a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.
• Completely stainless-steel design (friction device, loading arms, all sets of weights and even working table frame). • A unique ability to interchange the entire loading arm. • Standard 6-position loading arm along with two sets of weights provides loads from 0.5 N to 360 N. • Light 3-position loading arm, specially designed for testing highly sensitive substances, along with two sets of weights provides loads from 0.1 N to 60 N. • Protective shield to protect the personnel against fragments arise out of porcelain plate or peg. • Digitally-controlled step motor allows to achieve high precision and control of the porcelain plate movement. • Working table covered by electrostatic conductive surface. • Wide range of accessories. • Premium consumables at reasonable prices.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 2010 - Test 3 (b) (i) • STANAG 4487: Explosives, Friction Sensitivity Tests • MIL-STD-1751A: Safety and Performance Tests for the Qualification of Explosives – Method 1024 • EN 13631-3:2004 Explosives for Civil Uses – High Explosives – Part 3: Determination of Sensitiveness to Friction of Explosives • European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, Method A14: Explosive Properties
• Unique Drop Weight Exchange Window. • Protective box with standard instrument parts. • Wide range of impact energies from 0.25 J to 100 J. • Six drop weights from 0.25 kg to 10 kg available. • Drop weights with brass grooves for friction reduction. • Electromagnetic or pneumatic releasing device operated via remote controller. • Steel file plates for alternative testing of impact stimuli. • Wide range of accessories. • Premium consumables at reasonable prices. Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 2010 - Test 3 (a) (ii) • STANAG 4489: Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests • MIL-STD-1751A: Safety and Performance Tests for the Qualification of Explosives – Method 1015 • EN 13631-4:2002 Explosives for Civil Uses – High Explosives – Part 4: Determination of Sensitiveness to Impact of Explosives • European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, Method A14: Explosive Properties Other available versions: • Standard BAM Fall Hammer BFH-10 • Automated BAM Fall Hammer BFH-12A equipped with automated lifting mechanism • Small BAM Fall Hammer BFH-PEx designed for testing highly sensitive substances
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES
Steel guide rings and cylinders
Standard 6-position loading arm in storage case
Porcelain Plate and Peg
Set of weights PEx-5
Set of weights PEx-14
File plate holder
Set of drop weights
Sampling spoons
SENSITIVITY TESTS
SENSITIVITY TESTS
• Designed for determination of friction sensitivity of energetic materials in a wide range of friction loads (from 0.1 to 360 N) in accordance with the BAM procedure.
9
CONSUMABLES FOR BAM FRICTION AND FALL HAMMER TESTERS
VACUUM STABILITY TESTER FOR EXPLOSIVES
10
STABIL VI All our consumables are manufactured in EU with emphasis on compliance with requests all related standards, as are:
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
• UN Recommendation on Transport of Dangerous Goods • STANAGs
SENSITIVITY TESTS
• MIL-STD • E N standards
Porcelain plates and Porcelain pegs for BAM Friction testers
Steel guide rings and Steel cylinders for BAM Fall Hammers (Impact testers)
Part-No.
Description
BFST-Pt-100
Porcelain Plates, 25 x 25 x 5 mm, Set of 100 pcs
BFST-Pn-400
Porcelain Pegs, Ø10 x 15 mm, Set of 400 pcs
Part-No.
Description
BFH-SC-100
Steel Guide Rings, Ø16/10 x 13mm, Set of 100 pcs
BFH-SR-200
Steel Cylinders, Ø10 x 10 mm, Set of 200 pcs
BFH-FP-100
File Plates, 20 x 20 x 5 mm, Set of 100 pcs
KOENEN TEST • Designed for determination of thermal sensitivity of solid and liquid substances. APPLICATION Koenen test is used to determine the sensitiveness of solid and liquid substances to the effect of intense heat under high confinement. Samples of the test material are confined in a steel tube fitted with an orifice plate at the top end. Data obtained from the Koenen test can be used in determining a substance’s shipping classification and for evaluating the degree of venting required to avoid an explosion during processing operations.
• Unique design of test tubes and transducer connections. • Long tradition – first electronic VST tester developed over 40 years ago.
• Automatic measurement and evaluation. • High precision and long term accuracy of pressure measurement.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Vacuum stability test is frequently used for determination of chemical stability and compatibility of energetic materials and for quality tests of energetic ingredients. The test is able to discover chemical instability of energetic materials due to the presence of destabilizing impurities, incompatibility with surrounding materials, or ageing, with high sensitivity, precision and reproducibility. Vacuum stability test finds its wide application in qualification, surveillance, manufacture, quality control and research & development of a wide range of energetic materials.
• Fully replaces old apparatuses with mercury-containing manometer tubes. • User-friendly software WINSTAB, automatic measurement and evaluation. • Continuous volume-time record as a result of testing. • Adaptable design of instrument and software according to customer’s needs. • Calibrated volumes of the test tubes and pressure sensors. • Automatic temperature calibration. • Up to 20 simultaneous independent measurements in two heating blocks.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • STANAG 4556, 4147, 4022/4, 4023, 4230, 4284 and 4566
ACCESSORIES
FEATURES
ACCESSORIES
• Durable design –body of the protective welded box is made of stainless steel. • Remotely controlled. • Full set of accessories and consumables. Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:
Koenen tube (before/after test)
• STANAG 4491: Explosives, Thermal Sensitiveness and Explosiveness Tests • UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 2010 - Test 1 (b) • European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, Method A14: Explosive Properties
WINSTAB software : Examples of experiment evaluation
Pressure transducer and test tube
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
AUTOMATIC EXPLOSION TEMPERATURE TESTER
DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYZER
AET 402
DTA 552-EX
• Designed for determination of the explosion (ignition) temperature at constant heating rate or time-to-explosion in isothermal mode.
• Thermal stability testing instrument designed specifically for differential thermal analysis of explosive materials which explosion may cause damage to standard commercial analyzers.
12
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
11
APPLICATION
FEATURES
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Explosion (ignition) temperature is defined as the temperature at which an explosive sample explodes (deflagrates, ignites) when heated with constant rating rate. AET 402 can also be used for determination of time-to-explosion. It is defined as the time needed for ignition of a sample at a given constant temperature. The tester consists of a temperature controller and a heating block with multiple holes.
• Measures up to 5 samples simultaneously. • Automatic determination of the explosion temperature using an explosion sensor. • Saves operator’s time by eliminating the need to continuously watch the whole experiment and manually record the explosion temperature.
DTA 552-Ex was developed specifically for evaluation of thermal stability, purity, compatibility and decomposition parameters of energetic materials, which explosion may cause damage to standard commercial analyzers.
• Robust design resistant against explosion of up to several hundred milligrams of explosives. • High sensitivity due to direct contact of one thermocouple with each sample. • High precision and accuracy. • Large variety of accessories. • User-friendly software for data acquisition, analysis and archiving. • Low costs of investment and operation.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • STANAG 4491: Explosives, Thermal Sensitiveness and Explosiveness Tests
DTA as a method is applied for evaluation of thermal stability of explosive materials, their purity (melting point, solidification point), compatibility, thermal decomposition parameters. It is used in quality control of manufactured explosives, characterization and qualification of new explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives, research & development, and many other testing programs.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • STANAG 4515: Explosives, Thermal Characterization by Differencial Thermal Analysis, Differention Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis
DETAIL OF FURNACE
DETAIL OF FURNACE
13
HEATING BLOCKS
DETONATION VELOCITY MEASURING SYSTEM
14
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
• Designed for wide range of thermal stability tests.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Traditional tests for determination of chemical stability of energetic materials (mainly propellants) are based on heating samples at elevated temperatures and detecting their reactive decomposition products (NOX). This detection can be based on visual identification of colored gases above the sample (Heat Storage Test at 100 °C), color change of indicator papers (Abel Test, Methyl Violet Test), titration of acidity in water extract of the gases (Bergmann-Junk Test) or determination of weight loss (Holland Test). Heating at elevated temperatures is also used in artificial ageing of propellants (STANAG 4117, AOP-48).
• High precision of temperature control. • High safety (independent limit controller including switches against exceeding safety temperature). • Robust stainless steel design and long-term reliability.
Standard models of heating blocks with the given number of holes are supplied, and further models with different number or dimensions of holes are available upon request.
• Instrument is designed for precise measurement of detonation velocity and/or the burning rate of explosives based on optical fibre method. • Optical probes are resistant against humidity and RF disturbances and allow simple operation and fast setup of measurement.
Abel Heat Tester
Instruments for the heat tests consist of temperature controllers and heating blocks, each containing multiple (4 – 45) holes for the test tubes of appropriate size. Glass test tubes used for each different test are supplied with the instruments as well.
PERFORMANCE TESTS
VOD 812
LIST OF AVAILABLE HEATING BLOCKS • ABEL HEAT TESTER - ABT-01 • BERGMANN-JUNK TESTER - BeJu-01 • METHYL VIOLET TESTER - MVT-01 • HEATING BLOCK FOR ACCELERATED AGEING - HBA-01 • DUTCH WEIGHT LOSS TEST (HOLLAND TEST) • INSTRUMENT FOR HEAT STORAGE TEST AT 100 °C - CH100-01 • other upon request The instruments comply with relevant standards for particular heat tests and can be further modified upon customer’s request or designed type-specific.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Detonation velocity is one of the main explosion parameter. The determination of the detonation velocity is based upon the measurement of the time interval needed for the detonation wave to travel a known distance through the explosive being tested.
• Battery charged instrument equipped by internal memory for storage of 100 results, 4-line LCD display and water-proof keyboard. • Supplied accessories include optical extension line, optical probes, USB communication cable and software WinVOD for data acquisition. • Impact resistant and water proof transport case. • 7 independent timers measuring the time intervals between the illuminations of 8 optical probes. • Simple operation.
This method is based on the ability of the optical fibre to accept a light signal when the detonation wave arrives, and to transmit that signal to suitable measuring equipment, which enables precise recording of the time interval between the two signals. From the measured time interval and the corresponding distance travelled by the detonation wave, the detonation velocity is calculated.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • EN 13631-14 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 14: Determination of velocity of detonation
PRODUCT DETAILS
Bergmann-Junk Tester
Heating Block for Accelerated Ageing
Details of transport case
15
HIGH PERFORMANCE CALORIMETER FOR ENERGETIC MATERIALS
DETONATION CALORIMETER
BCA 500
DCA5 AND DCA50
16
• BCA 500 is an advanced bomb calorimeter designed for rapid determination of gross calorific values of solid and liquid samples.
PERFORMANCE TESTS
THERMAL STABILITY TESTS
• BCA500 and its accessories were designed according to highest industrial demands and always respect the best possible output according to application. APPLICATION • Fuels – oil, coal, wood and many others • Waste material – plastics, water containing samples, PVC and others • Polymers and other industrial materials • Metal powders and high energy composite materials with AP • Energetic materials – propellants, pyrotechnics, and other ignitable explosives
BCA500 PRESENTS ONLY ONE UNIT WITH FOLLOWING PARTS INCLUDED:
TOP FEATURES OF CALORIMETRIC SYSTEM BCA500 ARE:
•Calorimetric bath with fixed bucket and precise level sensors • True static (isoperibolic) jacket with electronic regulation • Temperature measuring system • Microprocessor controller for device operation with interface for PC, balance and LAN • PC interface with 6.5” LCD color touch screen, wireless keyboard and mouse • 2 water tanks for simultaneous conditioning and testing • Thermostat for water chilling and stirrer for circulation
• Tailored design of accessories and consumables provides excellent solution for any application especially in industry of fuels and energetic materials. • High resolution of thermometers - 0.00001 °C. • All systems are implemented into one unit. • Calorimeter needs no water supply and all process water is stored inside inner tanks. • Two tanks for non-stop testing and operation time minimizing. • Advanced water management with integrated chillers provides conditioning and precise dosing. • Operation interface is easy to operate with LCD touch screen, wireless keyboard and mouse. • Fully automated data acquisition, evaluation and management with remote access features.
Testing conditions in BCA500 bombs Conditions
Use (No detonation regime allowed)
Bomb Vacuum
Air
Oxygen
Inert
OX-1/2
NO
NO
YES
YES
Fuels and other combustible materials. Bayonet lock for fast and easy operation.
DC-1
YES
YES
NO
YES
Pyrotechnic mixtures. High pressure design.
EX-1/2
YES
YES
NO
YES
Fuels and other combustible materials. Ignitable explosives and propellants. Rigid design with thread lock.
ACCESSORIES
Inbuilt water conditioning system
• DCA5 and DCA50 are large scale calorimeters for determination of detonation heat of explosive samples. APPLICATION
FEATURES
Typical application of DCA5 and DCA50 is in research, development and quality control assurance in civil and military institutions such as universities, academies, research laboratories, production companies, ammunition acceptance laboratories and others. Testing vessels with volume 5 and 14.5 liters provides excellent option for investigation of • Single and double based gun propellants • Double based rocket fuels • Composite rocket fuels • Military grade high explosives (TNT, PETN, RDX, HMX, FOX-7 etc) • Industrial explosives (dynamites, emulsions, slurries, ANFO, etc) • Sample can have weight of 50 g of high explosives in liquid, powder or pressed form.
•High resolution of thermometers 0.00001 °C. •Inbuilt data acquisition with 2 MHz sampling rate. • High strength stainless steel detonation chamber for testing in vacuum, air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen etc. • Fully automatic operation, data acquisition and results evaluation with inbuilt friendly interface. • Advanced system for water conditioning, dosing, emptying is integrated into main unit and includes all water tanks, valves, heaters, chillers, level and temperature sensors. •Inbuilt manipulator for bomb positioning and detachable cart.
PRODUCT DETAILS
Filling arrangement for vessels EX-1/2
Bomb OX-1
Bomb DC-1
Dynamic Pressure Record of pressed TNT charge
DCA 5 on-site
17
LABORATORY DETONATION CHAMBERS
INDUSTRIAL DETONATION CHAMBERS
18
Laboratory detonation chambers allow to safely carry out detonation experiments directly inside explosives laboratories. They can be used for scientific investigations, research, development and testing in the area of energetic materials, confined explosions and related applications such as explosive forming of metals or safe disposal of laboratory explosive wastes.
PERFORMANCE TESTS
PERFORMANCE TESTS
Laboratory detonation chambers are designed to withstand repeated detonations of up to 250 g TNT. The explosive charges are installed on a working table inside the chambers (KV-series) or hanged through the top lid (LDC-series) and safely fired by electric detonators connected to firing contacts. Gas-tight valves on the chamber body enable creating different gas atmospheres within the chamber, as well as sampling, evacuation and flushing of the post-explosion gases. The chambers are furthermore equipped with multiple ports, which can be used for installing various optical or electrical measuring instruments for investigations of the detonation processes. Several full-scale performance and sensitivity tests can be safely executed within the chambers such as measurement of detonation velocity, pressure-time and temperature-time records of confined explosions, brisance and explosive power tests (Hess, Kast, PDT, Trauzl), high-speed optical and X-ray photography, gap tests, cookoff tests, electrostatic discharge sensitivity tests, large-scale thermal stability tests etc.
Vertical detonation chamber KV-2
Industrial detonation chambers are automated machinery
designed to withstand repeated detonations with equivalent of 2 - 16 kg TNT and applied in various programs, such as: • Large-scale or frequent scientific detonation experiments. Laboratory detonation chamber LDC25
KV-250M4 (250 g TNT)
• Quality control tests in explosives or ammunition manufacture. • Explosive working of metals (hardening, cladding, welding, cutting, pressing). • Environmentally friendly disposal of explosive wastes.
Laboratory Detonation Chambers Type
TNT Equivalent (g)
Weight (kg)
LDC-10
10
30
LDC-25
25
60
LDC-50
50
190
KV-150M2
150
1100
KV-250M4
250
2200
Material
Atmosphere
Stainless steel
Vacuum, air, inert gas or oxygen (up to 30 bar)
Steel
Air or inert gas (up to 1 bar)
• Forensic investigation and safe disposal of improvised explosive devices.
Pressing tools
Several sensitivity or performance tests (gap tests, brisance tests, detonation velocity, etc) require the use of samples of high explosives or pyrotechnics in a form of pressed pellets. OZM Research offers a wide range of pressing tools for preparation of the charges, ranging from 5 mm to 100 mm charge diameter and creating pellets with flat surfaces, detonator entries, central holes or conical shapes. We can also provide a complete pressing station equipped with remote control hydraulic press and installed within an explosion-proof bunker. Design of the pressing tools and complete station originates from long-term experience with these manufacturing tools in the explosives and ammunition industry.
During more than 40 years of service, these industrial detonation chambers have proven to have a long service life (> 100,000 detonations) and reliable, safe and simple operation with low investment and operating costs. The industrial detonation chambers are manufactured in two design lines – vertical and horizontal – both equipped with hydraulic systems, control panels for fully automatic remote operations and, where required, with appropriate pollution abatement systems for off-gases. Electrical and optical measuring equipment for investigation of the explosion processes can be installed in the multiple ports at the chamber body.
VERTICAL DETONATION CHAMBERS • For 2 – 5 kg TNT • Open and close with back-folded cupola • Suitable for compact charges • Equipped with anti-fragment shields
HORIZONTAL DETONATION CHAMBERS • For 8 – 16 kg TNT • Open and close by a cover moving on rails
PRESSING TOOLS
Control panel of the detonation chambers
• Suitable for elongated charges. • Best for explosive metalworking operations
Horizontal detonation chamber KV-16
REMOTE CNC MACHINING FOR EXPLSOIVES AND ROCKET FUELS
TIME-PRESSURE TEST APPARATUS/TEST FOR OXIDIZING LIQUIDS
XSM-01
TPT SERIES
PERFORMANCE TESTS
• C NC machining system XSM-01 was developed as an integral part of research & development, quality control and surveillance programs for new, regularly manufactured or in-service energetic materials and ammunition. Ammunition parts clamped for machining
• R&D, quality control or hazard classification of flammable substances, energetic materials or igniters.
APPLICATION
FEATURES
APPLICATION
FEATURES
Sampling of explosive materials from live ammunition and preparation of compact samples for mechanical, sensitivity or performance tests and sample preparation procedures are however one of the most dangerous operations with inherent risks of accidental explosions. OZM Research develops and supplies remotely operated multi spindle vertical and horizontal CNC machining units for cutting, milling, and drilling of energetic materials such as rocket propellants and high explosives in 4 axes. These techniques are typically used for: • Cutting of large rocket propellant grains to smaller blocks for artificial ageing or mechanical properties tests. • Machining of the rocket propellant grains to obtain samples for chemical stability testing (insulation, outer and inner surface and whole diameter – all in adjustable chip size). • Precise sampling of the rocket propellants by automated drilling from predefined spots for plasticizer migration. • Precise sampling of high explosives from the warheads and grenades by automated drilling in predefined spots (fine powder). • Machining of the propellant blocks to “dog-bones” or other specific shapes for mechanical, sensitivity and performance tests (gap tests, spark tests, Stojan vessel tests). • Machining of ammunition parts as a part of disassembling process.
• CNC units XSM-01 are developed with consideration of all risky situations leading to accidental initiation such as excessive friction on moving parts, electric or mechanical sparks and hot surfaces. • All the electrical components used are appropriately protected, hard friction areas or moving contacts of sparking metals are minimized, explosive dust is continuously removed, temperature of tools are continuously measured and operation carefully observed by cameras, fire detectors and fire extinguishers. • System is installed in explosion-proof bunker, with support of technological container and control room. Auxiliary equipment is located in nearby buildings or mobile containers.
Time/Pressure Test and Test for Oxidizing Liquids Apparatus serve for evaluation of transfer ignition to deflagration process under confinement or measure the potential for a liquid substance to increase the burning rate or burning intensity is important for hazard assessment of combustible substances.
• Universal testing pressure vessel and set of adapters for whole group of standardized testing procedures. • Corrosion resistant material of pressure vessel parts. • Easier use – right/left hand using stand, connector directly on transducer, etc. • Precise and robust measurement of pressure/time rise. • One box design – speed data acquisition, transducer conditioner, ignition current unit, safety switch, USB output. • Simple operation and evaluation of results – SW for control, measurement, calibration and results evaluation. • Starting kit included – equipment and tools for assembling and cleaning.
Designed to comply with requirements of the following standard of testing: • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 2010 - Test 1(c)(i), Test 2(c)(i), Test C.1: Time/pressure test, or Test O.2: Test for oxidizing liquids • European Commission Directive 2004/73/EC - the classification, packing and labeling of dangerous substances, method A.21: Oxidizing properties (Liquids) • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - HSL Flash Composition Test • Power source for UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods -Test O.1: Test for oxidizing solids
DETAILS OF SAMPLING
Defined grain size sampling
TPT series apparatus are used to study of burning process and oxidizing properties of flammable substances if the ignition leads to a deflagration. Obtained results (max. pressure, pressure rise time, burning rate. etc) serve for hazard classification of energetic materials, pyrotechnic substances, oxidizing solids and liquids.
ACCESSORIES
Live ammunition sampling
TPT vessel parts
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PERFORMANCE TESTS
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SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF DETONATION PARAMETERS
PRESSURE WAVE ANALYZER AND QUANTIFIER
EXPLO5 CURRENT VERSION: 6.02
PREWAQ
PERFORMANCE TESTS
• One unique system for measurement of various explosion parameters. • Portable and simple-to-use design fulfilling specific customer´s requirements. • Measurement of explosion parameters for both detonation and deflagration. CURRENT VERSION: 6.02
Operation of EXPLO5 is simple and the program run starts with only one edit window. The easy and intuitive program operation can be viewed via the screenshot of the EXPLO5’s edit window below.
EXPLO5
Instrumentation for pressure and heat flux measurement inside detonation chamber
APPLICATION
is a thermo-chemical computer code that predicts detonation properties (such as composition of detonation products, detonation velocity, pressure, temperature, heat, etc) of high explosives, and combustion properties of propellants under constant volume or constant pressure conditions (such as composition of combustion products, pressure in closed vessel, heat and temperature of combustion, specific impulse, force, etc). As such, EXPLO5 is important tool in synthesis, formulation, and numerical modelling of energetic materials. The calculation of detonation parameters in EXPLO5 is based on the chemical equilibrium, steady-state model of detonation. The equilibrium composition of detonation products is calculated applying free energy minimization technique. The program uses Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) and JacobsCowperthwaite-Zwisler (JCZ3) equations of state for gaseous detonation products, and Murnaghan equation of state for solids products. The program is designed so that it enables the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition and thermodynamic parameters of state
along shock adiabate of detonation products, the CJ state and detonation parameters at the CJ state, as well as parameters of state along the expansion isentrope. It uses non-linear curve fitting subroutine to fit relative volumepressure data along expansion isentrope according to Jones-WilkinsLee (JWL) model, enabling the calculation of detonation energy available for performing mechanical work. For the calculation of combustion performances under constant pressure or under constant volume conditions, the program uses the ideal gas or the virial equation of state. The virial coefficients of individual gaseous species are calculated from the intermolecular potential equations. EXPLO5’s database contains 32 chemical elements, about 270 reactants, and more than 300 products being in different phase states.
THE EXPLO5 SOFTWARE IS DEVELOPED BY DR. MUHAMED SUCESKA.
PRODUCT DATA
The measuring system PREWAQ offers measurement of pressure wave parameters generated by any kind of explosion. This universal tool could be applied not only under open sky but could be also designed for measurement in closed space (e.g. explosion chamber). The DT modification of the system is used for measurement of extremely fast explosions driven by detonation mechanism and parameters change in order up to tens of nanoseconds for pressure and microseconds in case of temperature.
FEATURES • Standard measurement on either 4 or 8 input channels according to user needs.
• Simultaneous measurement of pressure, temperature (heat radiation), velocity of detonation and/or light.
• System is intended for measurement, storage and evaluation of explosion parameters.
• Standard measurement rate is since 3 Ms/s/channel up to 25 Ms/s/channel.
• Graphical output of measured data in formats suitable for spreadsheet and database editors is a standard.
The DF modification is intended for measurement of explosions driven by deflagration mechanism so the change of parameters happen in order of microseconds.
• User-friendly software for apparatus operation, data recording and evaluation.
According to required measurements (type, speed and maximal measured values) the PREWAQ is equipped by the set of sensors together with appropriate cables and perhaps even with stands or holders.
ACCESSORIES
Example of reactant information
Example of summary results of calculation
Pressure and coaxial thermocouple record from detonation chamber KV-250
Coaxial thermocouple MCT 19 with Voltage Amplifier MVA 10 MHz and 1 MHz filter
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PERFORMANCE TESTS
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CLOSED VESSELS
STOJAN VESSEL
NV SERIES
SV-2 • Determination of ignition and burning parameters of energetic materials in closed vessel up to 20 ccm volume. APPLICATION
INTERIOR BALLISTIC TESTS
Closed Vessels NV series are used for measuring of pressure increase during burning of sample (powder, compact materials, and igniters) in constant volume. Obtained results (max. pressure, burning time, ignition delay time, pressure gradient, pressure rise time, burning rate etc) serve for quality control, safety testing, research and development of energetic materials including primary explosives, propellants and pyrotechnic substances. Complex solution usually involves customized ignition and measurement control unit named EDA (Electro-explosive Device Analyzer). EDA usually contains adjustable pulse constant current source (for ignition or safety testing), safety switch, ignition current and voltage measurement, pressure rise measurement and PC communication. Typical application is testing (with controlled supply and measurement) of electric initiators like squibs, fuses, etc.
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• The principle of this method is based on the most modern computational and ballistic procedures for determination of burning behavior of double-based solid rocket propellants. • A single shot is sufficient for plotting burning rates in the whole pressure range. Sample similar as for Subscale Rocket Motor. • This unique simple-to-use instrument is capable of fully replacing the complicated Strand Burner equipment. Detail of Stojan Vessel
FEATURES
Example of customized Electro-explosive Device Analyzer (EDA)
• High-pressure vessel up to 5000 bars, standard volumes 3, 5, 10 and 20 ccm. • Electrical ignition. • EDA – Electro-explosive Device Analyzer – control unit with adjustable pulse current supply and speed measurement. • Simple operation and evaluation of results – control and evaluation SW. • Customization is typical. • Simpler and cheaper possibility for determination of ballistic properties of small-caliber gun powders.
CLOSED VESSELS
RB SERIES • Measurement of ballistic parameters of gun propellant in closed vessel up to 700 ccm volume. APPLICATION Closed Vessel RB series is used for the measuring of pressure increase curve during burning of the different gun propellant types in constant volume. Behavior of propellant is predicted (e.g. max pressure, vivacity, pressure gradient, covolume, burning rate, etc). Thus, by using the Closed Vessel, the number of shots from a real weapon is minimized. Data obtained from tests in the Closed Vessel are also necessary for the development of new propellants and for the control of regular produced powder types.
APPLICATION Determination of burning rate of solid rocket propellants is usually carried out in a Strand Burner or in a sub-scale rocket motor at constant pressures. With Strand Burner, about 10 individual shots are necessary to get the required burning rate plot in the whole pressure range, while using very complicated and expensive instrumentation. The newly developed Stojan Vessel is a much simpler and safer instrument applying advanced mathematical procedure for calculation of pressure dependency of burning rate from experimental data of a single shot only. The mathematical procedure has proved to be in very good correlation with experimental results from multiple-shot measurements in the Strand Burner or in the sub-scale rocket motor.
FEATURES • Quick assessment of burning rate of new or modified rocket propellant formulations in their research, development and testing. OZM can supply all equipment and procedure for sample preparation and conditioning for both SV-2 and TRM-35 instruments (hydraulic press, pressing tools, molds for casting, cutting machines, cutting tools, temperature and climatic chambers, etc).
SV-2 on movable stand
PRODUCT DATA
FEATURES
Vivacity - p/pmax plots calculated from experimental data
• High-pressure vessel up to 5000 bars, standard volumes 40, 80, 200, 400 and 700 ccm. • Two outlet valves, cooling jacket, temperature conditioning unit, temperature sensor, positioning stand. • Electrical or mechanical ignition. • Precise and high-speed measurement of pressure/time rise. • Simple operation and evaluation of results. Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:
Pressure - time p(t) plots measured
Pressure gradient dp/dt - pressure p plots calculated from experimental data
• MIL-STD-286 • STANAG 4115
Pressure p - time t dependencies measured using STOJAN VESSEL
Burning rate u [m/s] - pressure p [MPa] dependencies calculated from experimental data measured using STOJAN VESSEL
Comparison of burning rate/pressure curve obtaining by STOJAN VESSEL (line) and by Small Testing Rocket Motor (points)
INTERIOR BALLISTIC TESTS
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ROCKET MOTOR BALLISTIC MEASUREMENT
GAS & DUST TESTING INSTRUMENTS
RMM
FOR EXPLOSIBILITY TESTING OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
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INTERIOR BALLISTIC TESTS
• Instrument for measurement and evaluation of parameters of solid propellant rocket motor on stand. Rocket motor on stand
APPLICATION RMM is used for the measuring of pressure inside rocket motor chamber and thrust of rocket motor with time during burning different types of solid propellant rocket motors mounted on stand. RMM can be also used for measurement of different types of closed vessels, pyro-cartridges for aircraft ejection systems, etc.
FEATURES
Measured pressure and thrust evaluation
• Robust pressure and thrust measurement with time – Pressure up to 100 MPa. Thrust up to 1000 kN. • Electrical ignition unit – safety switch, ignition current pulse. • Simple operation and evaluation of results – measurement and evaluation SW. • Modification upon customer requests (adapters, evaluation, data sheet, etc)
SUBSCALE ROCKET MOTOR MEASUREMENT TRM 35
• Instrument for measurement of burning parameters of solid rocket propellants in a rocket motor. • Design and results close to real rocket motor. • Simple operation and wide range of testing conditions.
Example of pressure/time curves measured in Small Testing Rocket Motor
APPLICATION Sub-scale rocket motors are newly introduced procedure in NATO STANAG standards. More individual shots are necessary to get the required parameters (e.g. burning rate, erosion influence, etc) in the whole pressure range. Subscale Rocket Motor is recommended as more universal but more risky supporting method. Measurement and evaluation by RMM is generally included.
FEATURES • Wider assessment of ballistic behavior of new or modified rocket propellant formulations in their research, development and testing.
Burning rate/pressure dependence evaluated from Small Testing Rocket Motor measurement
GASES & DUSTS
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MEASUREMENT OF MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY OF DUST DISPERSIONS
EXPLOSION CHAMBERS FOR GAS AND DUSTS
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GASES, VAPOURS & DUSTS
MIE-D 1.2
DUSTS
• The minimum ignition energy (MIE) of a combustible substance is the lowest value of the electrical energy stored in a capacitor, which upon discharge, just suffices to ignite the most readily ignitable fuel/air/mixture at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
1 m3 Explosion Chamber
Explosion Chamber 20 L
APPLICATION
FEATURES • Fully automated and remote-controlled machinery. • Robust design with 30 barg of operating and 40 barg of testing pressures. • Under customer´s requirements could be equipped with heating for measurements under elevated temperatures up to 200 °C.
• EN 13821:2002 Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures
Explosion chambers are used for measurement of basic explosion characteristic of flammable dusts, gases and vapors. These characteristics are maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, lower and upper explosibility limits and limiting oxygen concentration. Two sizes of explosion chamber are setup by international standards for dust explosion – 1 m3 (our CA 1M3) and 20 l (our CA 20L). The explosion chamber for gas and vapor has to be larger than 5 l so CA 20l is recommended. Testing methods using our CA 1M3 and CA 20L are essential part of standard are essential part of a standard set of tests used by certified bodies, Universities and other research organizations to characterize the dust, gas and vapors. Design of mitigating and protective measures, such as explosion venting device, automatic suppression or partial inerting, without knowledge of these explosion parameters is unimaginable.
PRODUCT DETAILS
PRODUCT DETAILS
APPLICATION
FEATURES
The minimum ignition energy of dust dispersions is the key parameter for an assessment of the hazard situation in this plants establishing the extent and, hence, the cost of protective measures. A MIE test determines the amount of energy required for an electric spark to cause a tested dust dispersion sample to initiate. This testing method is essential part of a standard set of tests used by certified bodies, Universities and other research organizations to characterize the dust.
• Standard measurement on only seven pre-set energy levels up to 1 J, optionally on user specified level in the range of 1 mJ to 3 J. • MIE-D 1.2 could by equipped by the measurement of the real spark energy. • Two mode of spark triggering: high-voltage switch or moving electrode. • Pneumatically operated and automatically controlled instrument. • Resistant stainless steel case.
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:
CA1M3 software
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • EN 14034 (1-4) sets up 1 m3 explosion chamber (our CA 1M3) as a standard instrument for measurement of maximum pressure, rate of pressure rise, lower explosion limit (LEL) and limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of dust dispersions. 20 l sphere (our CA 20L) is an alternative of 1 m3 explosion chamber given by EN 14034 (1-4) • Both CA 1M3 and CA 20L could be delivered with instrumentation for measurement of explosion parameters of gases and vapors according to EN 15967 (maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise), according to EN 14756 (LOC) and EN 1839 (explosion limits)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE OF LIQUID AND SOLID CHEMICALS
SELF HEATING SUBSTANCES TESTER
AIT 551
SHT 150
VAPOURS
• Self-heating test characterizes ability of substances to self oxidative heating and decomposition. This test is based on the determination of exothermal decomposition of sample directly exposed to hot air at elevated temperatures. • This temperature is an important parameter for determining the physical and chemical properties according to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) regulation (European CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008). APPLICATION Autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at atmospheric pressure which a substance burst into flame with the absence of an external source of ignition (spark or flame). It is the lowest temperature to which a combustible mixture must be raised, so that the rate of heat evolved by the exothermic oxidation reaction will overbalance the rate at which heat is lost to the surroundings and cause ignition. This property of the substance must be known for especially plants or technologies where there are high temperature of operation. In addition, this property identifies the possible ignition source in technological units under operating conditions.
FEATURES
APPLICATION
FEATURES
• Possibility of testing auto-ignition temperature of substances into 850 °C (1 562 °F). • Detection of the homogeneity of the temperature on the surface of the test flasks using three thermocouples and temperature inside the flask. • Automatic regulation temperature around test flask. • Uniform heating of the flask tested by circulating hot air in the oven. • Accurate batching of the liquid. • Evaluation of temperature records using the software. • Resistant stainless steel case.
Outcomes of the testing are used for classification of solid substances or mixtures flammability. This classification is important for transport of these materials according to ARD, RID and, ADN regulations and storage of these materials according to CLP regulations.
• Temperature range: up to 140 °C. • Accuracy of temperature: ± 2 °C. • Typical sample volume: 15.63 cm3 and 1000 cm3. • Evaluation of temperature records using the software. • Resistant stainless steel case. Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • Regulation (ec) no 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing (CPL) • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, United Nations, New York, 2010, chapter 32.5.2 Test L.2 • European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (2013) • Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF) Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) (2013) • European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by inland waterways (ADN) (2013)
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing: • ASTM E659 – 78: Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals • EN 14522: Determination of the auto ignition temperature of gases and vapours • NF T 20-036: Chemical products for industrial use. Determination of the relative temperature of the spontaneous flammability of solids
PRODUCT DETAILS
PRODUCT DETAILS
Instrument setup according to ASTM E659 – 78
Instrument setup according to EN 14522
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DUSTS
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Instrument setup according to UN Recommendation on the transport of dangerous goods
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SUSTAINED COMBUSTIBILITY TESTER
MINIMUM IGNITION TEMPERATURE TESTER
SCT 100
MIT 1000
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• Determination of the minimum temperature of hot surface causing degradation or ignition of dispersed dust. APPLICATION Determining the minimum temperature of the hot surface has applications in process industry where the presence of combustible dust clouds near the hot surfaces exists. Knowledge of these dust clouds ignition temperature allows assessment whether the hot surfaces in the process are able to ignite dispersion of presented dust or not. Then it is possible to design and apply effective measures to prevent damage to industrial technologies caused by dust cloud explosion.
FEATURES • Minimum temperature of the hot furnace surface in the range from 20 °C to 1 000 °C. • Accuracy of ± 1% over the whole temperature range. • Identification of the ignition of dispersed dust is realized using a flexible mirror. • Recording, archiving and measured data analysis on the PC. • This method is suitable as a complementary method to the device LITTA-400.
DUSTS
LIQUIDS
• Instrument for determination whether or not a liquid product that would be classified as „flammable“ by virtue of its flash point has the ability to sustain combustion at the temperature or temperatures specified in the appropriate regulations.
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Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards:
APPLICATION The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, which have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
FEATURES • Temperature range: 25 - 75 °C. • Accuracy: ±0.1 °C. • Step for setup of temperature: 0.1 °C. • Typical sample volume: 2.0 ml. • Flame size: 5 mm (diameter).
Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • ISO 9038:2013 Determination of sustained combustibility of liquids • Regulation (ec) no 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing (CPL) • UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, United Nations, New York, 2010, chapter 32.5.2 Test L.2 • European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (2013) • Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF) Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) (2013) • European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by inland waterways (ADN) (2013)
• EN 50281-2-1 Methods of determining minimum ignition temperature
DUST LAYER IGNITION TEMPERATURE TESTER LIT 400
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• Measurement of minimum temperature of hot surface leading to degradation or ignition of dust layers.
PRODUCT DETAILS
SCT 100 tester with remote control
APPLICATION
FEATURES
The minimum temperature of the hot surface igniteing the dust layer provides important information for the prevention of fires in process industry producing dust. It shows thermal resistance of occurring dust to thermal stress. Places in the plant with increased surface temperature are identified during risk analysis continuing with assessing the level of risk generated by ignition of dust. Suggesting preventive measures against the ignition is then much more efficient and easier.
• Minimum temperature of the hot surface in the range from 20 °C to 400 °C. at which changes occurs in the dust layer. • Changes can be monitoring using either by recording equipment (temperature change) or by optical detection. • Stable temperature conditions ± 2 °C. • Recording, archiving and measured data analysis on the PC. Design to comply with the requirements of the following standards: • EN 50281-2-1 Methods of determining minimum ignition temperature
INTERMEDIATE STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES
EXPLOSION-RESISTANT STORAGE
SAFE LABORATORY STORAGE OF SMALL EXPLOSIVE SAMPLES
FOR SAFE STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES FROM SMALL SAMPLES TO LARGER STOCKS
PORTABLE GAS-TIGHT EXPLOSION-RESISTANT CONTAINERS
FEATURES • Safe storage of sensitive or unstable samples. • All explosion effects contained inside, no release of shock wave, fragments, flame or toxic gases, overpressure safely released through manually opened valves. • Full protection of life and property in case of accidental explosion of stored explosive samples. • Zero safety distances: they can be stored directly inside laboratories. • Portable for transport of the explosive samples outside laboratories. • Interior made of antistatic rubber for eliminating risks of friction or spark discharge. • Quick opening and closing mechanisms.
J-120G2
J-025G
J-120G2
J-200G
J-500G
Capacity [g TNT]
20
120
200
500
Weight [kg]
7
25
95
390
Outside dimensions L x W x H [mm]
160 x 160 x 440
330 x 330 x 770
600 x 600 x 1040
1250 x 720 x 830
Internal space L x W x H [mm]
150 x Ø 40
330 x Ø 70
560 x Ø 125
500 x 300 x 300
Product No.
PRODUCT DETAILS
J-500G
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LABORATORY STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES
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J-200G
J-025G
INTERMEDIATE STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES
SAFE STORAGE OF LARGER STOCKS OF EXPLOSIVE SAMPLES
EXPLOSIVE PROCESING OF METALS
EXPLOSION-RESISTANT STORAGE CONTAINERS (5 – 10 kg TNT eq.)
PROCESSING OF METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC
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MATERIALS USING EXPLOSIVES
FEATURES • Wider assessment of ballistic behavior of new or modified rocket propellant formulations in their research, development and testing. • Small magazines for explosive samples attached directly to laboratory buildings. • Safety distances from 2 meters to buildings and public roads. • All fragments caught, shock wave reduced to safe levels and overpressure released through ventilating chimneys, without moving the container from its position. • Tested to full TNT capacity and fragment resistance (122 mm – 152 mm cal. HEF projectiles). • Safety locks against unauthorized access. • Containers can be transported on trailers or light trucks.
Product No.
J-5KV
J-10KV
Capacity [g TNT]
5
10
1500
2800
2100 x 1310 x 1910
2350 x 1670 x 2000
700 x 450 x 250
750 x 450 x 250
Weight [kg] Outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] Internal space L x W x H [mm]
SAFE STORAGE OF LARGER STOCKS OF EXPLOSIVE SAMPLES STORAGE MODULES FOR EXPANDING CAPACITY OF STORAGE ROOMS (10 – 1000 kg TNT eq.) FEATURES • Storage modules protecting against transfer of explosion (sympathetic detonation). • Safety distances corresponding to the content of one module only (up to 2.5 kg TNT) despite total stored amount in the storage room (up to several tons). • Minimization of safety distances / maximization of storage capacity of existing storage rooms. • Storage of otherwise incompatible classes of explosive materials in one room (e.g. detonators together with high explosives). • Modules designed for mounting to walls with variable heights and widths. • Non-sparking and water-tight lids, antistatic rubber seals.
Product No.
ISS
Capacity [g TNT]
2 x 2.5 kg
Weight [kg] Outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] Internal dimensions of one tube Ø x L [mm]
245 588 x 400 x 803 324 x 500
EXPLOSIVE PROCESSING METALS
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SELECTED REFERENCES
EXPLOSIVE PROCESSING OF METALS
EXPLOSIVE PROCESSING OF METALS
Albania • Ministry of Defence
Algeria • Ministry of Defence
Australia • ORICA
Austria • Austin Powder • Josef Köhler Pyrotechnik
Azerbaijan • Ministry of Defence
Belgium • Royal Military Academy
Brazil • IBQ Industrias Quimicas • Institute of Aeronautics and Space
Bulgaria • Arcus Co.
Canada
APPLICATION
MAIN FOCUS OF ACTIVITIES:
One specific field where the energy of explosive is successfully utilized is explosive processing of metallic and non-metallic materials. The activities of OZM Research are concentrated to developing and manufacturing explosion-clad bimetallic and multilayer metallic materials, explosive hardening and to a lesser extent OZM Research cooperates in the field of explosive forming, compaction of powder materials and other application. Half-finished products, structural elements, and components are produced in cooperation with the respective customer. OZM Research offers counselling applicability of explosive processing of metallic and non-metallic materials.
• Bimetallic or multilayer sheets. • Semi-products for manufacturing the tube plates for heat exchangers. • Workpieces to be rolled down. • Bearing materials and wear resistant materials. • Structural transition joints. • Semi-products for glass moulds. • Lining-up of the socket pipes and sheathing of the rods or the shafts. • Tube to tube-plate explosive welding and fixing. • Labyrint coolers. • Explosive hardening of manganese-steel construction elements.
• Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory • General Dynamics • ORICA • Public Works and Government Services Canada
China • Beijing Institute of Technology • China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing • National Registration Center for Chemicals, SAWS (NRCC) • Shenhua Group Zhungeer Energy Co. • Xi´an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
Croatia • Ministry of Defence • University of Zagreb
Czech Republic • Austin Detonator • Explosia • Indet Safety Systems • Ministry of Defence • Nuclear Research Institute • Zeveta Ammunition
Egypt • Ministry of Defence
Finland • PVTT
France • CEA Le Ripault • CNRS • French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis • Herakles - Groupe Safran • INERIS • ONERA – French Aerospace Lab • OUTREAU TECHNOLOGIES
Georgia • Express Diagnostic
Germany • BWB • DIEHL • Fisher-Scientific • Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT • Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich • Rheinmetall
Greece • National Technical University of Athens
Hungary • HM Arzenal • TÜV Rheinland
India • HEMRL • TBRL • VSSC
Italy • AVIO Aerospace Propulsion
Jordan • Ministry of Defence
Kazakhstan • Ministry of Defence
Malaysia • STRIDE Weapons Technology Division
NATO • NAMSA
Netherlands • TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory
Peru • EXSA • FAMESA
Poland • Bumar Amunicja • Instytut Przemyslu Organicznego • Military Institute of Armament Technology • Warsaw University of Technology • Zaklady Chemiczne “Nitro-Chem”
Romania • Military Technical Academy
Russia • Altai State Technical University • Central Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics
Serbia • Evaco International • Ministry of Defence
Singapore • Advanced Material Engineering • Advanced Technology Research Centre • Nanyang Technological University • National University of Singapore
Slovakia • Konštrukta Defence • Ministry of Defence • ZVS Holding
South Africa • African Explosives Limited • Denel Land Systems
South Korea • Agency for Defence Development • Hanwha • Poongsan
Spain • IBATECH Technologia
Sweden • Dyno Nobel Sweden • Fisher Scientific GTF • FOI • Nammo LIAB • Swedish Defence Research Agency
Switzerland • Armasuisse
Taiwan • Precision International Corp.
Turkey • Roketsan Missile Industries • Tubitak Mam • Tubitak Sage
UK • BREXCO • Chemring Energetics UK • Eley Limited • University of Warwick
UN • International Atomic Energy Agency
USA • Air Force Research Laboratory • Alliant Techsystems Inc. • ATK • Fauske & Associates • Los Alamos National Laboratories • McAlester Army Ammunition Plant • University of Southern California • US Army ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal • UTC Aerospace Systems
Vietnam • Military Technical Academy • Ministry of Defence • Institute of Propellant and Explosive • Chemical Manufacture 21 • Industry Explosive Material Centre
INTERNATIONAL SALES REPRESENTATIVES CHINA Idea Science Technology Corporation Beijing, P. R. China Tel.: +86 10 84775602, 84775603 Fax: +86 10 84786587 E-mail: info@idea17.com www.idea17.com
INDONESIA PT. Radin Nusa Digna Surabaya, Indonesia Contact: Widyanto Budihardjo Tel.: +62 31 732 9088 Fax: +62 31 732 5588 E-mail: radinnusa@yahoo.com www.radinnusa.com
EGYPT Noor Scientific & Trade Cairo, Egypt Tel.: +202 432 9148 Fax: +202 203 4350 E-mail: survey@noor-scientific.com www.noor-scientific.com
MALAYSIA SII Malaysia Subang Jaya, Malaysia Tel.: +60 3 5633 1432 Fax: +60 3 5633 0811 E-mail: steven.siimalaysia@gmail.com
GERMANY, ÖSTERREICH, SWITZERLAND Dr. Müller Instruments Oberursel, Germany Tel.: +49 6172 380 37 27 Fax: +49 6172 177 07 74 E-mail: info@mueller-instruments.de www.Mueller-Instruments.de INDIA Venture Technologies Bangalore, India Tel.: +91 80 65727320, 41715022, 4400 4111 Fax: +91 80 4400 4104 E-mail: vijpras@vsnl.net www.venturetechnologies.net
SOUTH KOREA Baroin co., Ltd. #2-320, 160, Daehwa-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-754 rep. of Korea Tel.: +82 70 4010 7476 Fax: +82 42 336 7467 Mobile: +82 10 2565 0526 VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS Hienquang Co. Hanoi, Vietnam Tel.: +84 4 761 77 53 Mobile: +84 913 537 940 Fax: +84 4 761 76 91 E-mail: hienquang@fpt.vn
PAKISTAN Blue Chip International Rawalpindi, Pakistan Tel.: +92 21 2538811, 2538833 Mobile: +92 300 522 1637, 314 200 2393 Fax: +92 21 4841779 E-mail: Taufiq@BlueChipIntl.com www.BlueChipIntl.com SERBIA, BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA, MONTENEGRO Lab Systems Support Belgrade, Serbia Tel/Fax: +381 11 2893 182 Mobile: +381 63 554 742 Mobile: +381 64 130 22 34 E-mail: lss@labsystemssupport.co.rs, dragan.jovanovic@labsystemssupport.co.rs www.labsystemssupport.co.rs
CONTACT US OZM Research s.r.o. Bliznovice 32, 538 62 Hrochuv Tynec Czech Republic, European Union Tel.: +420 469 692 341 Mobile: +420 608 742 777 Fax: +420 469 692 882 E-mail: ozm@ozm.cz
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