Ozm brochure 2013

Explosives, Gas & Dust Testing Instruments

Chambers, Magazines & Containers

Expert Services & Explosive Processing

Testing Instruments for energetic materials laboratories

Ver. 2013/2014

www.OZM.cz

our company OZM Research is a knowledge-based company formed by experienced explosives scientists and engineers with advanced academic degrees in a highly specialised branch of chemical engineering.

T

he company’s core business consists of testing instruments,

technologies and expert services for energetic materials – explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, and ammunition.

The company is fully licensed in handling explosive materials and ammunition, as well as in foreign trade with these military materials.

Customer-oriented approach regularly involves modifications and adaptations of the standard products for fitting the customer’s needs. Frequently, the products are manufactured type-specifically for providing optimum parameters to the customer. The company’s services do not end with sale and delivery of a product. Having the high expertise in the field of explosives and munitions, we are able to provide full assistance to the customer with fitting the products into the customer’s operations, with permitting by the authorities, standard operation procedures, testing methodologies, personnel training and other expert services.

Customer Support

Since 1997 the company exported its products to many countries of the European Union, the United States, Asia and Latin America. Our major clients include military research & development and testing centres, forensic institutes, universities, explosives and ammunition manufacturers, nuclear power plants and other related industries.

Export-Oriented

OZM RESEARCH IS READY TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR TASKS IN ENERGETIC MATERIALS!

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS

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P.10

P.11

P.23

P.24

Detonation Velocity Measuring System

High Pressure Calorimeter

Autoignition Temperature Tester

Explosion chamber 20L

OZM RESEARCH

OUR PRODUCTS & SERVICES

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Explosives TESTING INSTRUMEnts OZM Research is a leading manufacturer of special instruments for the characterization of energetic materials. The manufactured instruments cover testing of stability and compatibility, sensitivity, and explosive performance of energetic materials in various testing programs.

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Gas & Dust Testing INSTRUMEnts Many explosibility measurements are needed for safety or hazard analyses. These include the basic explosibility parameters, maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise, as well as explosibility limit parameters such as fuel concentration, oxidant concentration, and ignition energy. Determination of these parameters could be done in various instruments. OZM Research offers explosion chambers (1 m3 and 20 l) apparatus for minimum ignition energy of dust dispersions.

Detonation CHAMBERS & Explosion-resistant CONTainers Laboratory and industrial detonation chambers are specially developed for scientific experiments, research work and explosives testing. They are resistant against repeated detonations with a service life of tens thousands detonations.

Explosion-resistant containers serve for safe transport and storage of highly sensitive explosive samples, improvised explosive devices and unexploded ordnance.

EXPERT Services & Explosives processing of metals OZM RESEARCH

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Explosives Testing Instrument For Stability, Sensitivity and Explosive Performance Tests

STABIL 21 vacuum stability tester for explosives Unique design of test tubes and transducer connections.

Long tradition – first electronic VST tester developed over 40 years ago.

Automatic measurement and evaluation.

High precision and long term accuracy of pressure measurement.

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

Application Vacuum stability test is frequently used for determination of chemical stability and compatibility of energetic materials and for quality tests of energetic ingredients. The test is able to discover chemical instability of energetic materials due to the presence of destabilizing impurities, incompatibility with surrounding materials, or ageing, with high sensitivity, precision and reproducibility. Vacuum stability test finds its wide application in qualification, surveillance, manufacture, quality control and research & development of a wide range of energetic materials.

STABIL 21 Standard Instrument

FEATURES ••Fully replaces old apparatuses with mercury-containing manometer tubes.

••User-friendly software WINSTAB, automatic measurement and evaluation.

••Continuous volume-time record as a result of testing.

••Adaptable design of instrument and software according to

Pressure and temperature sensor for ambient conditions

Pressure transducer and test tube

customer’s needs.

••Calibrated volumes of the test tubes and pressure sensors.

••Automatic temperature calibration.

••Up to 20 simultaneous independent measurements in two heating blocks.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••STANAG 4556, 4147, 4022/4, 4023, 4230, 4284 and 4566

WINSTAB Test Site

WINSTAB software : Examples of experiment evaluation

OZM RESEARCH

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ESD 2008A small-scale Electrostatic Spark Sensitivity Tester Designed for the precise measurement of initiation energy of energetic materials in a wide range of spark energies (from 25 μJ to 25 J).

Two modes of testing – Oscillating & Damping – for sensitivity testing of various classes of samples.

APPLICATION

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

Electrostatic discharge is one of the most frequent and the least characterized causes of accidental explosions of energetic materials. Sensitivity to electrostatic discharge (spark) is one of the main safety parameters crucial to the handling, processing and transportation of explosives. A small-scale electrostatic spark sensitivity test determines the amount of energy required for an electric spark to cause a tested sample to initiate. This testing method is used in the quality control of manufactured explosives, the characterization and qualification of new explosives, the surveillance of in-service explosives, research & development, and in many other testing programs.

Several models of spark gap assemblies designed according to requirements of different standards or testing methods.

ESD 2008A Standard Instrument

FEATURES ••Allows for the precise measurement of both the total spark

energy discharged into the sample and the fraction of this energy that is absorbed by the sample to initiate its explosion. This feature allows for the exact determination of the minimum energy sufficient for an accidental initiation of the sample.

Fixed electrode testing stand

Approaching anode testing stand

••Designed to measure sensitivity of crystalline high

explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, as well as primary explosives to electrostatic discharge.

••Two automatically operated testing stands designed for measurement by different spark gap assemblies.

»» first testing stand designed for fixed distance of electrodes; »» second testing stand designed for approaching anode.

••External testing assemblies designed for testing a higher amount of samples of explosives.

••Two testing modes for samples according to their

susceptibility to shock wave or thermal mechanism of initiation by the spark.

Set of Capacitors

Spark gap assembly according to EN 13938-2 & EN 13763-13

••Gas tight protection cap for simple collection and analysis of gaseous decomposition products.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••EN 13938-2 Explosives for civil uses – Propellants and

rocket propellants – Part 2: Determination of resistance to electrostatic energy

••EN 13763-13 Explosives for civil uses – Detonators and relays – Determination of resistance of electric detonators against electrostatic discharge.

••STANAG 4490 ••MIL-STD-1751A Methods 1031, 1032 & 1033

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OZM RESEARCH

Left to right: ESD-30133-TA ESD-FE-TA ESD-32-TA ESD-OZM-TA

Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-STD-1751A methods 1031 & 1033 Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-PRF-46676B (AR) Spark gap assembly acc. to MIL-ST D-1751A methods 1032 Spark gap assembly acc. to OZM/TNO /DTTX

ESD LS30-MIL Large-Scale Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Tester Designed for determination of electrostatic discharge sensitivity of high explosives, propellants, ammunition elements or electronic devices in the range of 0 - 30 kV voltage and 0 - 17 J spark energy.

Single or repeated discharges.

Set of changeable inbuilt capacitors and resistors.

Two modes of testing – Oscillating & Damping.

Capable of testing various type and amount of samples up to several kilograms.

APPLICATION

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

Sensitivity to initiation by electrostatic discharge is one of the main safety parameters important for the handling, processing or transportation of explosives. These testing methods are used in quality control of manufactured explosives, characterization and qualification of new explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives, R&D and many other testing programs.

ESD LS30-MIL Standard Instrument

FEATURES ••Allows measurement by two basic different testing modes: »» For large-scale testing of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge;

»» For testing to determine resistance of explosive materials, ammunition or electronic elements against electrostatic discharge generated by the human body.

••Remote controlled operation of the apparatus using optical communication.

••Simple reversion of electrical polarity of the high voltage output.

••Robust case with IP54 protection for easy handling and outdoor applications.

••Testing samples weighing up to several kilograms by a series or individual discharges with constant spark energy of up to 17 J.

High voltage probe

Remote control

Top control panel

Set-up of testing container

••The instrument can be used for evaluation of influence of temperature on the spark sensitivity.

••Simple and safe operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••STANAG 4235, STANAG 4239, STANAG 4490, ••AECTP-500, AECTP-250 ••MIL-STD-331B ••MIL-STD-1576 ••MIL-STD-1751A

OZM RESEARCH

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FSKM 10 BAM Friction APPARATUS Designed for determination of friction sensitivity of energetic materials in a wide range of friction loads (from 0.1 to 360 N) in accordance with the BAM procedure.

High precision in movement control ensured by digitally-controlled step motor.

APPLICATION Friction of explosives between hard surfaces is one of the most frequent causes of accidental explosions.

Determination of friction sensitivity is thus a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.

FEATURES ••Completely stainless-steel design (friction apparatus, weights and table frame).

Two loading arms are available – for sensitivity testing of highly sensitive explosives (friction loads under 5 N) as well as less sensitive explosives (friction loads up to 360 N) with one apparatus.

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES FSKM 10 Standard Instrument

Standard 6-position loading arm in storage case

••A unique ability to interchange the entire loading arm.

••Standard 6-position loading arm, along with a set of

9 standard weights, which provide for loads from 5 to 360 N.

••Light 3-position loading arm, along with a set of 14 light

weights, which provide for loads from 0.1 to 10 N, plus an extension set of 5 weights which provide for loads up to 60 N.

••Digitally-controlled step motor allows to achieve high

precision and control of the porcelain plate movement.

••Protective shield.

••Simple operation via coloured touch-screen panel.

••Working table covered by electrostatic conductive surface.

••Wide range of accessories.

••Consumables at reasonable prices.

Touch panel guide

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods ••EN 13631-3:2004 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives –

Part 3: Determination of sensitiveness to friction of explosives

••STANAG 4487: Explosives, Friction Sensitivity Tests ••European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, method A14: Explosive properties

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OZM RESEARCH

Standard set of 9 stainless steel weights

Porcelain Plate and Peg

BFH 12 Improved BAM Fall Hammer (Impact Tester) Special attention paid to precision (low-friction brass grooves for weights and stainless steel guides, calibrated set of weights), safety (remote control, shielded protective box) and comfort of use (remotely operated releasing device, drop-weight changing window).

Designed for determination of impact sensitivity of energetic materials in accordance with the BAM procedure.

APPLICATION

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

Impact sensitivity is one of the most important characteristics of energetic materials defining their safety in handling, processing or transportation. Its determination is a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.

BFH 12 Standard Instrument

FEATURES ••Unique drop-weight changing window.

••Protective box with standard instrument parts.

••Wide range of impact energies from 0.5 to 100 J. ••Maximum drop height of 1 m.

••Set of five drop weights from 0.5 kg to 10 kg.

••Drop weights with brass grooves for friction reduction.

••Electromagnetic or pneumatic releasing device operated via

File plate holder

Steel guide rings and cylinders

Drop weight changing window

remote controller.

••Steel file plates for alternative testing of impact stimuli.

••Wide range of accessories.

••Consumables at reasonable prices.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods ••EN 13631-4:2002 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 4: Determination of sensitiveness to impact of explosives

••STANAG 4489: Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests ••European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, method A14: Explosive properties

Other available versions: Standard BAM Fall Hammer BFH-10, Automated BAM Fall Hammer BFH-12A, extended BAM Fall Hammers at max. height 200 cm, and Small BAM Fall Hammer BFH-PEx.

Set of 5 drop weights

OZM RESEARCH

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dta 552-Ex Differential Thermal Analyzer Thermal stability testing instrument designed specifically for differential thermal analysis of explosive materials which explosion may cause damage to standard commercial analyzers.

APPLICATION DTA 552-Ex was developed specifically for evaluation of thermal stability, purity, compatibility and decomposition parameters of energetic materials, which explosion may cause damage to standard commercial analyzers.

DTA as a method is applied for evaluation of thermal stability of explosive materials, their purity (melting point, solidification point), compatibility, thermal decomposition parameters.

It is used in quality control of manufactured explosives, characterization and qualification of new explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives, research & development, and many other testing programs. Several other customerdefined instruments are manufactured, e.g. large-scale or high-pressure DTA.

FEATURES ••Robust design resistant against explosion of up to several hundred milligrams of explosives.

••High sensitivity due to direct contact of one thermocouple with each sample.

••High precision and accuracy.

••Large variety of accessories.

••User-friendly software for data acquisition, analysis and archiving.

••Low costs of investment and operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••STANAG 4515 Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES DTA 552-Ex Standard Instrument

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OZM RESEARCH

AET 402 Automatic Explosion Temperature Tester Designed for determination of the explosion (ignition) temperature at constant heating rate or time-to explosion in isothermal mode.

APPLICATION Explosion (ignition) temperature is defined as the temperature at which an explosive sample explodes (deflagrates, ignites) when heated with constant rating rate. AET 402 can also be used for determination of time-to-explosion. It is defined as the time needed for ignition of a sample at a given constant temperature. The tester consists of a temperature controller and a heating block with multiple holes.

FEATURES ••Measures up to 5 samples simultaneously.

••Automatic determination of the explosion temperature using an explosion sensor.

••Saves operator’s time by eliminating the need to

continuously watch the whole experiment and manually record the explosion temperature.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••STANAG 4491 Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES AET 402 Standard Instrument

VOD 812 Detonation Velocity Measuring System Instrument is designed for precise measurement of detonation velocity and/or the burning rate of explosives based on optical fibre method.

Optical probes are resistant against humidity and RF disturbances and allow simple operation and fast setup of measurement.

Application

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

Detonation velocity is one of the main explosion parameter.

The determination of the detonation velocity is based upon the measurement of the time interval needed for the detonation wave to travel a known distance through the explosive being tested.

VOD 812 Standard Instrument

This method is based on the ability of the optical fibre to accept a light signal when the detonation wave arrives, and to transmit that signal to suitable measuring equipment, which enables precise recording of the time interval between the two signals. From the measured time interval and the corresponding distance travelled by the detonation wave, the detonation velocity is calculated.

FEATURES ••Battery charged instrument equipped by internal memory

for storage of 100 results, 4-line LCD display and water-proof keyboard.

••Supplied accessories include optical extension line, optical

probes, USB communication cable and software WinVOD for data acquisition.

••Impact resistant and water proof transport case.

••7 independent timers measuring the time intervals between

Top view

the illuminations of 8 optical probes.

••Simple operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••EN 13631-14 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 14: Determination of velocity of detonation

Transport case

Extension line with two probes

OZM RESEARCH

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BCA 500 High Pressure Calorimeter for energetic materials

BCA 500 is an isoperibolic calorimetric system designed for determining combustion heat of wide range of organic and inorganic materials and explosion heat of all energetic with ability to burning and decomposition after ignition by heat source. This system is not designed for testing of materials in detonation regime.

Precision and performance of the device allows to be used in quality control (QC) systems and in R&D applications with the highest requirements. Compact design, fully automated operation with intuitive LCD interface provides highest comfort for personnel and minimizes requirements for table area and laboratory conditions.

Set of pressure vessels with their gas management stations provides wide range of available conditions for testing.

Measurements can be carried out in vacuum or atmosphere of oxygen, air or inert gases with starting pressure up to 5 MPa. High pressure bomb with limit pressure up to 200 MPa and low inner volume provides excellent option for measurements in air without significant influence on results. High pressure is necessary for complete decomposition of some energetic materials.

features Extra features of BCA500 design focuses on essential needs of laboratories and processes.

••Superb resolution of thermometers as low as 0.00001 K. ••All systems are implemented into one unit and table area necessary for installation is reduced to minimum.

••Calorimeter does not need water supply and all process water is stored inside the device.

••Two tanks for process water allow conditioning of water

during measurement and limits cycle time to a minimum.

••Advanced water management with integrated chillers

provides precise conditioning and dosing with signalization for refilling of water lost by evaporation.

••Device is very easy to operate with no special requirements for personnel.

••Fully automated controlling with filling, emptying, conditioning

of process water involves automatic data acquisition, evaluation and management.

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES BCA 500 Standard Instrument

BCA 500 bomb OX-1

BCA 500 bomb DC-1

Testing conditions in BCA500 bombs Bomb OX-1

Conditions Vacuum

Air

Oxygen

Inert

no

no

yes

yes

OX-2

no

no

yes

yes

DC-1

yes

yes

no

yes

EX-1

yes

no

yes

yes

EX-2

yes

no

yes

yes

Use* Fuels and other combustible materials.

••Bayonet lock for fast and easy operation ••Limited for corrosive residues Fuels and other combustible materials especially with corrosive residues.

••Bayonet lock for fast and easy operation ••Designed for corrosive residues Pyrotechnic mixtures.

••High pressure design Fuels and other combustible materials.

Explosives, propellants and explosives.

••Rigid design with thread lock ••Limited for corrosive residues Fuels and other combustible materials.

Explosives, propellants and explosives.

••Rigid design with thread lock ••Designed for corrosive residues * No detonation regime available

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OZM RESEARCH

DCA 5 Detonation Calorimeter

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OZM Research developed and tested special series of testing instruments for large scale calorimetry. Measuring of oxygen combustion, explosion and detonation heats has never been easier. If you would like to measure heats of burning of propellants or rocket fuels, heats of heats of high explosives or industrial emulsions then DCA5 is your first choice. Testing vessels of 5 - 15 liter volume and sample weight of up to 50 g provide excellent possibilities for research and quality control assurance.

features ••Superb resolution of thermometers as low as 0.00001 K. ••Inbuilt dynamic pressure data acquisition with 2 MHz sampling

DCA5 is equipped with multilayer isoperibolic calorimetric baths with high precise thermometers. Excellent resolution and high level compensation of heat flow in isoperibolic system provides experimental error in 0.1 % range. Simultaneous dynamic pressure - time measurements for the deflagration and detonation processes are integrated in the MMI interface.

automated. Water dosing and conditioning requires no attention because water tanks contain all needed water inside.

rate.

••Versatile design of the testing vessels enables testing under

very wide range of gaseous atmospheres (vacuum, air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen etc.) with starting pressures of up to 3 MPa.

••Water management system of each unit is inbuilt and fully ••Multicore PLC controlling with PC based interface and LCD touch screen MMI provides fully automatic operation.

Continuous development and experiences of operation in different laboratories lead to extending of requested laboratory conditions. Use in cold or hot region with limited air-conditioning abilities is not a problem anymore.

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES DCA 5 Standard Instrument

Dynamic Pressure Record of pressed TNT charge

DCA 5 ON-SITE

DCA 5 in operation

OZM RESEARCH

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TESTING PRESSURE VESSELS R&D, quality control or hazard classification of flammable substances, energetic materials or igniters

TPT SERIES Time/Pressure Test and Test for Oxidizing Liquids Apparatus - Hazard classification of flammable substances according to UN Transport of Dangerous Goods Recommendations Tests and European Union Regulations Application Time/Pressure Test and Test for Oxidizing Liquids Apparatus serve for evaluation of transfer ignition to deflagration process under confinement or measure the potential for a liquid substance to increase the burning rate or burning intensity is important for hazard assessment of combustible substances.

TPT series apparatus are used to study of burning process and oxidizing properties of flammable substances if the ignition leads to a deflagration. Obtained results (max. pressure, pressure rise time, burning rate. etc.) serve for hazard classification of energetic materials, pyrotechnic substances, oxidizing solids and liquids.

Features ••Universal testing pressure vessel and set of adapters for whole group of standardized testing procedures.

••Corrosion resistant material of pressure vessel parts.

••Easier use – right/left hand using stand, connector directly on transducer, etc.

••Precise and robust measurement of pressure/time rise.

••One box design – speed data acquisition, transducer

conditioner, ignition current unit, safety switch, USB output.

••Simple operation and evaluation of results – SW for control, measurement, calibration and results evaluation.

••Starting kit included – equipment and tools for assembling and cleaning.

TPT vessel parts

Designed to comply with requirements of the following standard of testing:

••UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods,

Manual of Tests and Criteria, United Nations, New York, 2003 - Test 1(c)(i), Test 2(c)(i), Test C.1: Time/pressure test, or Test O.2: Test for oxidizing liquids

••European Commission Directive 2004/73/EC -

the classification, packing and labeling of dangerous substances, method A.21: Oxidizing properties (Liquids)

••UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - HSL Flash Composition Test

••Power source for UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods -Test O.1: Test for oxidizing solids

TPT Series apparatus

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OZM RESEARCH

CLOSED VESSELS NV series DETERMINATION OF IGNITION AND BURNING PARAMETERS OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS OR IGNITERS IN CLOSED VESSEL UP TO 20 ccm VOLUME Application Closed Vessels NV series are used for measuring of pressure increase during burning of sample (powder, compact materials, and igniters) in constant volume. Obtained results (max. pressure, burning time, ignition delay time, pressure gradient, pressure rise time, burning rate etc.) serve for quality control, safety testing, research and development of energetic materials including primary explosives, propellants and pyrotechnic substances.

Complex solution usually involves customized ignition and measurement control unit named EDA (Electro-explosive Device Analyzer). EDA usually contains adjustable pulse constant current source (for ignition or safety testing), safety switch, ignition current and voltage measurement, pressure rise measurement and PC communication. Typical application is testing (with controlled supply and measurement) of electric initiators like squibs, fuses, etc.

Features ••High-pressure vessel up to 5000 bars, standard volumes 3, 5, 10 and 20 ccm.

••Electrical ignition.

••EDA – Electro-explosive Device Analyzer – control unit with adjustable pulse current supply and speed measurement.

••Simple operation and evaluation of results – control and evaluation SW.

••Customization is typical.

••Simpler and cheaper possibility for determination of ballistic properties of small-caliber gun powders.

10 ccm Closed Vessel Example of customized vessel

Example of customized Electro-explosive Device Analyzer (EDA)

CLOSED VESSELS RB series MEASUREMENT OF BALLISTIC PARAMETERS OF GUN PROPELLANT IN CLOSED VESSEL UP TO 700 ccm VOLUME Application Closed Vessel RB series is used for the measuring of pressure increase curve during burning of the different gun propellant types in constant volume. Behavior of propellant is predicted (e.g. max pressure, vivacity, pressure gradient, covolume, burning rate, etc.). Thus, by using the Closed Vessel, the number of shots from a real weapon is minimized. Data obtained from tests in the Closed Vessel are also necessary for the development of new propellants and for the control of regular produced powder types.

Features ••High-pressure vessel up to 5000 bars, standard volumes 40, 80, 200, 400 and 700 ccm.

••Two outlet valves, cooling jacket, temperature conditioning unit, temperature sensor, positioning stand.

••Electrical or mechanical ignition.

••Precise and high-speed measurement of pressure/time rise.

••Simple operation and evaluation of results.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••MIL-STD-286 ••STANAG 4115

Pressure - time p(t) plots measured

Closed Vessel RB Series Standard Instrument

Pressure gradient dp/dt - pressure p plots calculated from experimental data

Vivacity - p/pmax plots calculated from experimental data

OZM RESEARCH

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SOLID PROPELLANTS & ROCKET MOTOR EVALUATION INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF BALLISTIC PARAMETERS OF SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANTS OR SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTORS ON STAND Quality control during manufacture, ageing influences and surveillance of in-service of rocket motors, pyro cartridges for aircraft ejection systems, closed vessels and appropriate propellants.

RMM ROCKET MOTOR BALLISTIC MEASUREMENT ON STAND Instrument for measurement and evaluation of parameters of solid propellant rocket motor on stand.

Application RMM is used for the measuring of pressure inside rocket motor chamber and thrust of rocket motor with time during burning different types of solid propellant rocket motors mounted on stand. RMM can be also used for measurement of different types of closed vessels, pyro-cartridges for aircraft ejection systems, etc.

Features ••Robust pressure and thrust measurement with time – Pressure up to 100 MPa. Thrust up to 1000 kN.

••Electrical ignition unit – safety switch, ignition current pulse.

••Simple operation and evaluation of results – measurement and evaluation SW.

••Modification upon customer requests (adapters, evaluation, data sheet, etc.)

TRM 35 TESTING SUBSCALE ROCKET MOTOR Instrument for measurement of burning parameters of solid rocket propellants in a rocket motor.

Design and results close to real rocket motor.

Simple operation and wide range of testing conditions.

Application Sub-scale rocket motors are newly introduced procedure in NATO STANAG standards. More individual shots are necessary to get the required parameters (e.g. burning rate, erosion influence, etc) in the whole pressure range. Subscale Rocket Motor is recommended as more universal but more risky supporting method. Measurement and evaluation by RMM is generally included.

Features ••Wider assessment of ballistic behavior of new or modified rocket propellant formulations in their research, development and testing.

Testing RM on stand

Example of pressure/time curves measured in Small Testing Rocket Motor

Measured pressure and thrust evaluation

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OZM RESEARCH

Burning rate/pressure dependence evaluated from Small Testing Rocket Motor measurement

Stojan Vessel SV-2 Advanced instrument for measuring the burning rate of solid rocket propellants in a closed vessel The principle of this method is based on the most modern computational and ballistic procedures for determination of burning behavior of doublebased solid rocket propellants.

A single shot is sufficient for plotting burning rates in the whole pressure range. Sample similar as for Subscale Rocket Motor.

Application Determination of burning rate of solid rocket propellants is usually carried out in a Strand Burner or in a sub-scale rocket motor at constant pressures. With Strand Burner, about 10 individual shots are necessary to get the required burning rate plot in the whole pressure range, while using very complicated and expensive instrumentation. The newly developed Stojan Vessel is a much simpler and safer instrument applying advanced mathematical procedure for calculation of pressure dependency of burning rate from experimental data of a single shot only. The mathematical procedure has proved to be in very good correlation with experimental results from multiple-shot measurements in the Strand Burner or in the sub-scale rocket motor.

This unique simple-to-use instrument is capable of fully replacing the complicated Strand Burner equipment.

Features ••Quick assessment of burning rate of new or modified rocket propellant formulations in their research, development and testing.

Control unit mobile working table

SV-2 vessel

Pressure p - time t dependencies measured using STOJAN VESSEL

Burning rate u [m/s] - pressure p [MPa] dependencies calculated from experimental data measured using STOJAN VESSEL

Comparison of burning rate/pressure curve obtaining by STOJAN VESSEL (line) and by Small Testing Rocket Motor (points)

OZM supplies all equipment and procedure for sample preparation and conditioning for both SV-2 and TRM-35 instruments (hydraulic press, pressing tools, molds for casting, cutting machines, cutting tools, temperature and climatic chambers, etc)

OZM RESEARCH

16

HEATING BLOCKS for Stability Testing

APPLICATION Traditional tests for determination of chemical stability of energetic materials (mainly propellants) are based on heating samples at elevated temperatures and detecting their reactive decomposition products (NOX). This detection can be based on visual identification of colored gases above the sample (65.5 °C Surveillance Test, Heat Storage Test at 100 °C), color change of indicator papers (Abel Test, Methyl Violet Test), titration of acidity in water extract of the gases (BergmannJunk Test) or determination of weight loss (Holland Test, Thomas Test). Heating at elevated temperatures is also used in artificial ageing of propellants (STANAG 4117, AOP-48).

ABEL 10 Standard Instrument

Instruments for the heat tests consist of temperature controllers and heating blocks, each containing multiple (4 – 45) holes for the test tubes of appropriate size. Glass test tubes used for each different test are supplied with the instruments as well.

Standard models of heating blocks with the given number of holes are supplied, and further models with different number or dimensions of holes are available upon request.

BEJU 10 Standard Instrument

FEATURES ••High precision of temperature control.

••High safety (independent limit controller including switches against exceeding safety temperature).

••Robust stainless steel design and long-term reliability.

LIST OF AVAILABLE HEATING BLOCKS ••Abel Test ABEL 10 ••Bergmann-Junk Test BEJU 8 / BEJU 10 / BEJU 18 ••Heating block for Accelerated Aging HBA 40 ••Heat Storage Test at 100 °C CH 100 ••Holland Test (Dutch Test) ••Methyl Violet Test MV 26 ••Thomas Test ••65.5 °C Surveillance Test ••other upon request The instruments comply with relevant standards for particular heat tests and can be further modified upon customer’s request or designed type-specific.

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OZM RESEARCH

CH 100 Standard Instrument

REMOTE CNC MACHINING COMPLETE CNC SYSTEM XSM-01 FOR EXPLOSIVES AND ROCKET FUELS LOADED IN LIVE AMMUNITION

CNC machining system XSM-01 was developed as an integral part of many research & development, quality control and surveillance programs for new, regularly manufactured or in-service energetic materials and ammunition. Sampling of explosive materials from live ammunition and preparation of compact samples for mechanical, sensitivity or performance tests and sample preparation procedures are however one of the most dangerous operations with inherent risks of accidental explosions. This is why these operations shall be carried out remotely without direct presence of personnel and with protection of surroundings against effects of eventual explosions.

Application OZM Research develops and supplies remotely operated multi spindle vertical and horizontal CNC machining units for cutting, milling, and drilling of energetic materials such as rocket propellants and high explosives in 4 axes. These techniques are typically used for:

••Cutting of large rocket propellant grains to smaller blocks for artificial ageing or mechanical properties tests.

••Machining of the rocket propellant grains to obtain samples for chemical stability testing (insulation, outer and inner surface and whole diameter – all in adjustable chip size).

••Precise sampling of the rocket propellants by automated Ammunition parts clamped for machining

drilling from predefined spots for plasticizer migration.

••Precise sampling of high explosives from the warheads and

grenades by automated drilling in predefined spots (fine powder).

••Machining of the propellant blocks to “dog-bones” or other

specific shapes for mechanical, sensitivity and performance tests (gap tests, spark tests, Stojan vessel tests).

••Machining of ammunition parts as a part of disassembling process.

Live ammunition sampling

Rocket fuel machining

Features ••CNC units XSM-01 are developed with consideration of Control centre

all risky situations leading to accidental initiation such as excessive friction on moving parts, electric or mechanical sparks and hot surfaces.

••All the electrical components used are appropriately

protected, hard friction areas or moving contacts of sparking metals are minimized, explosive dust is continuously removed, temperature of tools are continuously measured and operation carefully observed by cameras, fire detectors and fire extinguishers.

••System is installed in explosion-proof bunker, with support

of technological container and control room. Auxiliary equipment is located in nearby buildings or mobile containers.

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EXPLO5 SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF DETONATION PARAMETERS

pressure conditions (such as composition of combustion products, pressure in closed vessel, heat and temperature of combustion, specific impulse, force, etc.). As such, EXPLO5 is important tool in synthesis, formulation, and numerical modelling of energetic materials.

The calculation of detonation parameters in EXPLO5 is based on the chemical equilibrium, steady-state model of detonation. The equilibrium composition of detonation products is calculated applying free energy minimisation technique.

Current version: 6.01 EXPLO5 is a thermo-chemical computer code that predicts detonation properties (such as composition of detonation products, detonation velocity, pressure, temperature, heat, etc.) of high explosives, and combustion properties of propellants under constant volume or constant

The program uses Becker-KistiakowskyWilson (BKW) equation of state for gaseous detonation products and Murnaghan or Cowan-Fickett’s equation of state for solids products.

The program is designed so that it enables the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition and thermodynamic

Operation of EXPLO5 is simple and the program run starts with only one edit window. The easy and intuitive program operation can be viewed via the screenshot of the EXPLO5’s edit window below.

parameters of state along shock adiabate of detonation products, the CJ state and detonation parameters at the CJ state, as well as parameters of state along the expansion isentrope.

It uses non-linear curve fitting subroutine to fit relative volumepressure data along expansion isentrope according to Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) model, enabling the calculation of detonation energy available for performing mechanical work.

For the calculation of combustion performances under constant pressure or under constant volume conditions, the program uses the ideal gas or the virial equation of state. The virial coefficients of individual gaseous species are calculated from the intermolecular potential equations.

The EXPLO5 software is developed by Dr. Muhamad Suceska.

Together with the calculation results the running calculation are displayed in the Progress window.

The calculation results are automatically stored in .xls format allowing the user to evaluate and manipulate the data using the MS Excel program.

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PREWAQ PREssure Wave Analyzer and Quantifier One unique system for measurement of various explosion parameters.

Measurement of explosion driven either by detonation or deflagration measurement.

Portable and simple-to-use design fulfilling specific customer’s requirements.

APPLICATION

FEATURES ••Standard measurement on either 4 or 8 input channels

The measuring system PREWAQ offers measurement of pressure wave parameters generated by any kind of explosion. This universal tool could be applied not only under open sky but could be also designed for measurement in closed space (e.g. explosion chamber).

••Simultaneous measurement of pressure, temperature (heat

The DT modification of the system is used for measurement of extremely fast explosions driven by detonation mechanism and parameters change in order of tens microseconds.

••Standard measurement rate is since 3 Ms/s/channel up to

The DF modification is intended for measurement of explosions driven by deflagration mechanism so the change of parameters happen in order of tens of milliseconds.

••User-friendly software for apparatus operation, data

according to user needs.

radiation), velocity of detonation and/or light.

••System is intended for measurement, storage and evaluation of explosion parameters.

25 Ms/s/channel.

••Graphical output of measured data in formats suitable for spreadsheet and database editors are a standard. recording and evaluation.

According to required measurements (type, speed and maximal measured values) the PREWAQ is equipped by the set of sensors together with appropriate cables and perhaps even with stands or holders.

Instrumentation for pressure and heat flux measurement inside detonation chamber

Pressure and coaxial thermocouple record from detonation chamber KV-250

Hi-speed sensors – Dr. Müller Instruments Product program consists of state of the art measurement technologies for measurement of pressure in liquids and gasses, measurement of pressure distribution with Fuji Prescale Film, measurements of temperature and heat flux, and measurement of fluid motion. With its unique sensors for high frequency measurements, with rise intervals of only a few nanoseconds for pressure sensors and a few microseconds respond times for shapeable thermocouples, Müller is the choice for shock and blast wave experiments.

Coaxial thermocouple MCT 19 with Voltage Amplifier MVA 10 MHz and 1 MHz filter

For more information see www.mueller-instruments.de

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Gas & Dust Testing InstrumentS For Explosibility Testing of Industrial Explosive Atmospheres

MIE-D 1.2 MEASUREMENT OF MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY OF DUST DISPERSIONS MIE-D 1.2 is an apparatus for measurement of minimum ignition energy of dust dispersions according to EN 13821.

The minimum ignition energy (MIE) of a combustible substance is the lowest value of the electrical energy stored in a capacitor, which upon discharge, just suffices to ignite the most readily ignitable fuel/air/mixture at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.

APPLICATION

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES

The minimum ignition energy of dust dispersions is the key parameter for an assessment of the hazard situation in this plants establishing the extent and, hence, the cost of protective measures. A MIE test determines the amount of energy required for an electric spark to cause a tested dust dispersion sample to initiate. This testing method is essential part of a standard set of tests used by certified bodies, Universities and other research organizations to characterize the dust.

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MIE-D 1.2 Standard Instrument

Features ••Standard measurement on only seven pre-set energy levels up to 1 J, optionally on user specified level in the range of 1 mJ to 3 J.

••MIE-D 1.2 could by equipped by the measurement of the real spark energy.

••Two mode of spark triggering: high-voltage switch or moving electrode.

••Pneumatically operated and automatically controlled instrument.

••Resistant stainless steel case.

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AIT Measurement of autoignition temperature of liquid and solid chemicals

This temperature is an important parameter for determining the physical and chemical properties according to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) regulation (European CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008).

Standard PARTS & ACCESSORIES AIT Standard Instrument

Application Autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at atmospheric pressure which a substance burst into flame with the absence of an external source of ignition (spark or flame). It is the lowest temperature to which a combustible mixture must be raised, so that the rate of heat evolved by the exothermic oxidation reaction will overbalance the rate at which heat is lost to the surroundings and cause ignition. This property of the substance must be known for especially plants or technologies where there are high temperature of operation. In addition, this property identifies the possible ignition source in technological units under operating conditions.

Features ••Possibility of testing auto-ignition temperature of substances into 850 °C (1 562 °F).

••Detection of the homogeneity of the temperature on the surface of the test flasks using three thermocouples and temperature inside the flask.

••Automatic regulation temperature around test flask.

••Uniform heating of the flask tested by circulating hot air in the oven.

••Accurate batching of the liquid.

••Evaluation of temperature records using the software.

••Resistant stainless steel case.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

••ASTM E659 – 78: Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals

••EN 14522: Determination of the auto ignition temperature of gases and vapours

••EN 15188: Determination of the spontaneous ignition behaviour of dust accumulations

••NF T 20-036: Chemical products for industrial use.

Determination of the relative temperature of the spontaneous flammability of solids.

Instrument setup according to ASTM E659 – 78

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Instrument setup according to EN 14522

Instrument setup according to EN 15188

Explosion Chambers for Gas and Dust Many explosibility measurements are needed for safety or hazard analyses concerning dust and gas (vapors) explosions.

Determination of basic explosibility parameters of industrial dusts and vapors such as maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise, as well as explosibility limit parameters (fuel concentration, oxidant concentration) should be done in accordance with standard methods giving also description of explosion chambers necessary for the tests.

Explosion Chamber 20L Standard Instrument

APPLICATION These testing methods are essential part of a standard set of tests used by certified bodies, Universities and other research organizations to characterize the dust, gas and vapors. Design of mitigating and protective measures, such as explosion venting device, automatic suppression or partial inerting, without knowledge of these explosion parameters is unimaginable.

EN 14034 (1-4) sets up 1 m3 explosion chamber (our CA 1M3) as a standard instrument for measurement of maximum pressure, rate of pressure rise, lower explosion limit (LEL) and limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of dust dispersions.

20 l sphere (our CA 20L) is an alternative of 1 m3 explosion chamber given by EN 14034 (1-4).

Both CA 1M3 and CA 20L could be delivered with instrumentation for measurement of explosion parameters of gases and vapors according to EN 15967 (maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise), according to EN 14756 (LOC) and EN 1839 (explosion limits).

Our explosion chambers are fully automated and remotecontrolled machinery.

Under customer’s requirements could be equipped with heating for measurements under elevated temperatures.

CA1M3 software

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DETONATION Chambers, MOBILE MAGAZINES & STORAGE Containers For Safe Testing of Detonation Parameters and Storage of Explosives

Laboratory detonation chambers Laboratory detonation chambers allow to safely carry out detonation experiments directly inside explosives laboratories.

They can be used for scientific investigations, research, development and testing in the area of energetic materials, confined explosions and related applications such as explosive forming of metals or safe disposal of laboratory explosive wastes.

Laboratory detonation chambers are designed to withstand repeated detonations of up to 250 g TNT. The explosive charges are installed on a working table inside the chambers and safely fired by electric detonators connected to firing contacts at the chambers. Gas-tight valves on the chamber body enable creating different gas atmospheres within the chamber, as well as sampling, evacuation and flushing of the post-explosion gases. The chambers are furthermore equipped with multiple ports, which can be used for installing various optical or electrical measuring instruments for investigations of the detonation processes.

Different types of full scale performance and sensitivity tests can be executed within the chambers such as measurement of detonation velocity, pressure-time and temperature-time records of confined explosions, brisance and explosive power tests (Hess, Kast, PDT, Trauzl), high-speed optical and X-ray photography, gap tests, cook-off tests, electrostatic discharge sensitivity tests, etc.

Laboratory Detonation Chambers TNT Equivalent (g)

Weight (kg)

10

30

25

70

50

150

150

1000

250

1900

Version

Atmosphere Combustion in OXYGEN (3 MPa)

Stainless steel

Detonation in INERT (2 MPa) Detonation or burning in VACUUM

Steel

Detonation in AIR (1 bar) Detonation in INERT (1 bar)

KV-250M4 (250 g TNT)

PRESSING TOOLS Several sensitivity or performance tests (gap tests, brisance tests, detonation velocity, etc.) require the use of samples of high explosives or pyrotechnics in a form of pressed pellets. OZM Research offers a wide range of pressing tools for preparation of the charges, ranging from 5 mm to 100 mm charge diameter and creating pellets with flat surfaces, detonator entries, central holes or conical shapes. We can also provide a complete pressing station equipped with remote control hydraulic press and installed within an explosion-proof bunker. Design of the pressing tools and complete station originates from longterm experience with these manufacturing tools in the explosives and ammunition industry.

Calorimetric detonation bomb for 25 g of TNT

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INDUSTRIAL detonation chambers Industrial detonation chambers are automated machinery designed to withstand repeated detonations with equivalent of 2 - 16 kg TNT and applied in serial manufacturing operations, such as:

••Large-scale or frequent scientific detonation experiments.

••Quality control tests in explosives or ammunition manufacture.

••Manufacture of artificial diamonds and nanocarbon.

••Explosive working of metals (hardening, cladding, welding, cutting, pressing).

During more than 40 years of service, these industrial detonation chambers have proven to have a long service life (> 100,000 detonations) and reliable, safe and simple operation with low investment and operating costs. The industrial detonation chambers are manufactured in three design lines – vertical, horizontal and special-purpose – all equipped with hydraulic systems, control panels for fully automatic remote operations and, where required, with appropriate pollution abatement systems for off-gases.

••Environmentally friendly disposal of ammunition and explosive wastes.

••Forensic investigation and safe disposal of improvised explosive devices.

Special-purpose detonation chambers (For 2 – 5 kg TNT) Designed type-specifically for the required application (e.g. manufacture of artificial diamonds).

Vertical detonation chambers (For 2 – 5 kg TNT) They open and close with back-folded cupola and are more suitable for compact charges.

Equipped with antifragment shields.

KV-2 Control panel

Horizontal detonation chambers (For 8 – 16 kg TNT) They open and close by a cover moving on rails and are more suitable for elongated charges.

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20 – 500 g TNT eq. Storage SAFE STORAGE OF SMALL EXPLOSIVE SAMPLES INSIDE LABORATORIES

Portable gas-tight explosion-resistant containers ••Full protection of life and property in case of accidental explosion.

••All explosion effects contained inside, no release of shock

J-200G

wave, fragments, flame or toxic gases.

••Overpressure of gases safely released after explosion through manually opened valves.

••Possibility of repeated use after accidental explosion inside.

••Zero safety distances: can be stored directly inside laboratories.

••Portable for transport of the explosive samples outside laboratories on public roads.

••Inserts made of antistatic rubber for eliminating risks of friction or spark discharge.

••Quick opening and closing mechanisms.

J-120G1

J-025G

J-500G

J-025

J-120G1

J-200G

Capacity [g TNT]

20

120

200

500

Maximum weight [kg]

7

25

95

380

155 x 145 x 420

330 x 330 x 825

600 x 600 x 1040

1250 x 720 x 700

150 x ∅ 40

300 x ∅ 75

560 x ∅ 130

500 x 300 x 300

Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] Effective internal space L x W x H [mm]

J-500G

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5 – 100 kg TNT eq. Storage SAFE STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE STOCKS NEARBY LABORATORIES ••Small stores for 5 – 10 kg TNT eq. of explosive samples attached directly to laboratory buildings.

••Safety distances from 2 meters to buildings and public roads.

••All fragments caught, shock wave reduced to safe levels and overpressure released

J-10KV Storage Container

through ventilating chimneys, without moving the container from its position.

••Tested to full TNT capacity and fragment resistance (122 mm – 152 mm cal.

HEF projectiles).

••Containers can be transported on trailers or light trucks (applied also to IED/UXO transport).

J-5KV

Capacity [kg TNT] Maximum weight [kg] Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] Effective internal space L x W x H [mm]

J-10KV

5

10

1500

2800

2100 x 1310 x 1910

2350 x 1670 x 2000

700 x 450 x 250

750 x 450 x 250

101 – 103 kg TNT eq. Storage STORAGE MODULES FOR EXPANDING the CAPACITY OF STORAGE ROOMS ••Storage modules protecting against transfer of explosion.

••Minimization of safety distances / maximization of storage capacity of existing storage rooms.

••Safety distances corresponding to content of one module

(up to 2.5 kg TNT) despite total stored amount in the storage room (up to several tons).

••Storage of otherwise incompatible classes of explosive materials in one room (e.g. detonators together with high explosives).

••Modules designed for mounting to walls with variable heights and widths.

••Non-sparking and water-tight lids, antistatic rubber tightening.

Storage module

Capacity [kg TNT] Maximum weight [kg] Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] Internal dimensions of one tube ∅ x L [mm]

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ISS

2 x 2.5 kg 245 588 x 400 x 803 324 x 500

Storage module ISS

PYRO MAGAZINES up to 1000 kg of energetic materials Explosion-resistant magazines with short safety distances for installation inside complexes of testing laboratories.

Standardized shape for easy transport and installation.

Floor heating, air conditioning, thermal insulation, explosion-proof lights, highsecurity doors, intrusion and fire alarms, automatic fire extinguishing systems as optional accessories.

PYRO magazines ••Storage of non-detonating materials of HD (hazard division)

AMMO magazines ••Armored structures for storage of detonating materials of

••Made of high-strength fire-resistant concrete panels.

••Large pressure-venting areas (ceiling, doors), steel grid in

••Designed to resist internal explosion of up to 10 kg TNT or

1.3 and 1.4.

ceiling, light metal sheet roof, steel doors.

••Smooth internal surfaces for easy maintenance.

••Storage capacity of 1 ton of HD 1.3 materials (pyrotechnics, propellants).

••Without storage limit for HD 1.4 materials (small arms ammo).

••Safety distances from 1 meter (HD 1.4) to 50 meters (HD 1.3).

HD 1.1 and 1.2.

cal. 152 mm HEF projectile.

••Can store up to 120 kg TNT and keep structural integrity if equipped with storage modules.

••Trapping all fragments and debris from internal explosion, attenuating the shock wave.

••Minimum safety distances (from 2 meters) allowing storage of explosives in urban areas.

••Allowing joint storage of otherwise incompatible materials.

••Customer-tailored design with variable length, door types, armored windows and cable inputs.

••Applicable also as protection bunkers for high-risk remote operations and ballistic tests.

••Resistant against burglary, small arms fire, hand grenade attacks.

Capacity Maximum weight [ton] Dimensions L x W x H [m]

PYRO-1

AMMO-3

AMMO-4

AMMO-6

up to 1000 kg HD 1.3

up to 10 kg TNT (50 kg TNT in modules)

up to 10 kg TNT (80 kg TNT in modules)

up to 10 kg TNT (120 kg TNT in modules)

10

9

13

18

4.3 x 2.5 x 2.6

3.0 x 2.4 x 2.6

4.3 x 2.4 x 2.6

6.1 x 2.4 x 2.6

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Expert SERVICES & EXPLOSIVE PROCESSING OF METALS For a Wide Range of Industrial Applications

Explosive Processing of metals One specific field where the energy of explosive is successfully utilized is explosive processing of metallic and non-metallic materials. The activities of OZM Research are concentrated to developing and manufacturing explosion-clad bimetallic and multilayer metallic materials, explosive hardening and to a lesser extent OZM Research cooperates in the field of explosive forming, compaction of powder materials and other application. Half-finished products, structural elements, and components are produced in cooperation with the respective customer. OZM Research offers counselling applicability of explosive processing of metallic and non-metallic materials.

Main focus of activities: ••Bimetallic or multilayer sheets.

••Semi-products for manufacturing the tube plates for heat exchangers.

••Workpieces to be rolled down.

••Bearing materials and wear resistant materials.

••Structural transition joints.

••Semi-products for glass moulds.

••Lining-up of the socket pipes and sheathing of the rods or the shafts.

••Tube to tube-plate explosive welding and fixing.

••Labyrint coolers.

••Explosive hardening of manganese-steel construction elements.

Expert Services OZM Research is a knowledge-based company formed by a group of experienced explosives scientists and engineers with advanced academic degrees in a highly specialised branch of chemical engineering. Our Expert Services cover a wide range of activities where deep and very specific knowledge and experience of our experts in energetic materials and industrial safety can be beneficial for our clients. Since the company’s establishment we have successfully dealt with topics so diverse as:

••stability, sensitivity, performance testing and ballistic properties of military energetic materials;

••analysis of thermal stability of radioactive wastes; ••modeling of explosion effects of explosives, gas and dust clouds and physical explosions (e.g. BLEVE);

••experimental evaluation of risks of compressed gas explosions; ••risk analyses of industrial accidents involving explosions and other physical effects;

••air blast shock wave and heat measurements in open field, tunnels and closed structures;

••development of insensitive military explosives;

••development of enhanced blast explosives; ••methods for neutralization and safe disposal of improvised explosives;

••technologies for explosive forming of metals; ••methods for preparation of pure standards of explosives; ••complex technology analysis of ammunition demilitarization programs;

••development of type-specific technologies for recovery and recycling of demilitarized explosives and propellants; and

••preparation of permitting documentation and SOPs for the explosives technologies.

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References Albania Ministry of Defence Algeria Ministry of Defence Australia ORICA Austria Austin Powder Azerbaijan Ministry of Defence Belgium Royal Military Academy Brazil IBQ Industrias Quimicas Bulgaria Arcus Co. Canada Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory ORICA Public Works and Government Services Canada China Beijing Institute of Technology China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing National Registration Center for Chemicals, SAWS (NRCC) ShaanXi Fireworks Inspection Station Shenhua Group Zhungeer Energy Co. Xi´an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Croatia Ministry of Defence University of Zagreb

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Czech Republic Austin Detonator ČEZ – Nuclear Power Plants Explosia Indet Safety Systems Ministry of Defence Ministry of Interior Nuclear Research Institute Synthesia Nuclear Fuels Research Institute Praha Zeveta Ammunition

India HEMRL TBRL Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Egypt Ministry of Defence

Malaysia STRIDE Weapons Technology Division

Finland PVTT France CEA Le Ripault CNRS French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis Herakles - Groupe Safran Ineris STPE Division Scientifique Georgia Express Diagnostic Germany BWB DIEHL Fisher-Scientific Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich Greece National Technical University of Athens Hungary HM Arzenal

Italy AVIO Aerospace Propulsion Jordan Ministry of Defence Kazakhstan Ministry of Defence

NATO NAMSA Netherlands TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory Poland Bumar Amunicja Instytut Przemyslu Organicznego Military Institute of Armament Technology Warsaw University of Technology Zaklady Chemiczne “Nitro-Chem”

South Africa African Explosives Limited Denel Land Systems South Korea Agency for Defence Development Hanwha Poongsan Spain Ministry of Defence Sweden Dyno Nobel Sweden Fisher Scientific GTF Nammo LIAB Swedish Defence Research Agency Switzerland Armasuisse Turkey Roketsan Missile Industries Tubitak Mam Tubitak Sage UK Chemring Energetics UK Eley Limited University of Warwick

Romania Military Technical Academy

UN International Atomic Energy Agency

Serbia Evaco International Ministry of Defence

USA Alliant Techsystems Inc. Fauske & Associates LifeSparc Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratories McAlester Army Ammunition Plant University of Southern California US Army ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal

Singapore Advanced Material Engineering Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore Slovakia Konštrukta Defence Ministry of Defence VOP Nováky ZTS Inmart ZVS Holding

Vietnam Military Technical Academy Institute of Propellant and Explosive Chemical Manufacture 21 of General Department of Defense Industry Industry Explosive Material Centre

International Sales Representatives China Idea Science Technology Corporation Beijing, P. R. China Tel.: +86 10 84775602, 84775603 Fax: +86 10 84786587 E-mail: info@idea17.com www.idea17.com

Indonesia PT. Radin Nusa Digna Surabaya, Indonesia Contact: Widyanto Budihardjo Tel.: +62 31 732 9088 Fax: +62 31 732 5588 E-mail: radinnusa@yahoo.com

Egypt Noor Scientific & Trade Cairo, Egypt Tel.: +202 432 9148 Fax: +202 203 4350 E-mail: survey@noor-scientific.com www.noor-scientific.com

Malaysia SII Malaysia Subang Jaya, Malaysia Tel.: +60 3 5633 1432 Fax: +60 3 5633 0811 E-mail: steven.siimalaysia@gmail.com

Germany Dr. MĂźller Instruments Oberursel, Germany Tel.: +49 6172 380 37 27 Fax: +49 6172 177 077 4 E-mail: info@mueller-instruments.de www.Mueller-Instruments.de India Venture Technologies Bangalore, India Tel.: +91 80 65727320, 41715022,

4400 4111 Fax: +91 80 4400 4104 E-mail: vijpras@vsnl.net www.venturetechnologies.net

Pakistan Blue Chip International Karachi, Pakistan Tel.: +92 21 4310009 Mobile: +92 300 522 1637, 314 200 2393 Fax: +92 21 4532635 E-mail: Taufiq@BlueChipIntl.com www.BlueChipIntl.com Poland JAKUSZ Kościerzyna, Poland Tel.: +48 58 686 5053 Fax: +48 58 686 4909 E-mail: handlowy@jakusz.com.pl www.jakusz.com

Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro Lab Systems Support Belgrade, Serbia Tel/Fax: +381 11 2893 182 Mobile: +381 63 554 742 Mobile: +381 64 130 22 34 E-mail: lss@labsystemssupport.co.rs,

dragan.jovanovic@labsystemssupport.co.rs www.labsystemssupport.co.rs South Korea ENSOL Co. Daejeon, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82 42 477 7465 Mobile: +82 10 2565 0526 Fax: +82 42 477 7466 E-mail: HoyeunHong@gmail.com www.ensol.co.kr Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Hienquang Co. Hanoi, Vietnam Tel.: +84 4 761 77 53 Mobile: +84 913 537 940 Fax: +84 4 761 76 91 E-mail: hienquang@fpt.vn

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Due to the continuous development policy of OZM Research, changes may be introduced without prior notice.

contact Us OZM Research s.r.o.

Blížňovice 32, 538 62 Hrochův Týnec Czech Republic, European Union Tel.: +420 469 692 341 Mobile: +420 608 742 777 Fax: +420 469 692 882 E-mail: ozm@ozm.cz Scan QR code

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