Study UNESCO Cidade Velha: Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism by Antonio Palazuelos

FIELD STUDY REPORT Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

CIDADE VELHA, HISTORIC CENTRE OF RIBEIRA GRANDE, CABO VERDE Cultural Site inscribed in 2009 in the List of UNESCO World Heritage

A n t o n i o P A L A Z U E L O S P R I E T O

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Table of contents

Table of contents ............................................................................................................................ 2 Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 6 General Recommendation: .................................................................................................................................. 7 Recommendation #1: Entrepreneurial Culture Mainstream ............................................................... 7 Recommendation #2: Mentoring Programs for Entrepreneurs ......................................................... 7 Recommendation #3: Incubating Facility on Creative Economies .................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1. General Overview .................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Creative Economies Concept ....................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Creative and Cultural Industries ............................................................................................... 13 1.3 Tourism Industries ........................................................................................................................ 16 2. Cabo Verde Context ................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Keys for success .............................................................................................................................. 19 3. Cidade Velha, World Heritage Site ..................................................................................... 21 3.1 Heritage Background .................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Management structures ............................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Current situation ............................................................................................................................ 24 4. Mapping of entrepreneurial activities in the municipality of Ribeira Grande de Santiago ........................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Research Process ............................................................................................................................ 26 4.2 First assessment of the potential and viability ..................................................................... 28 5. Tourism market evaluation of cultural demands in World Heritage visitors to Cidade Velha .................................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Methodological approach ............................................................................................................ 33 5.2 Descriptive context ........................................................................................................................ 35 5.3 Strengths and weaknesses analysis ......................................................................................... 37 5.4 Tourist profiles ................................................................................................................................ 39 5.5 Surveys analysis and outcomes ................................................................................................. 40 6. Recommendations to foster Creative Economy employment in the World Heritage ........................................................................................................................................... 42 General Recommendation: ................................................................................................................................ 42 -‐Recommendation #1: Entrepreneurial Culture Mainstream ........................................................... 42 -‐Recommendation #2: Mentoring programs for entrepreneurs ...................................................... 42 -‐Recommendation #3: Incubating Facility on Creative Economies ................................................ 42 -‐Recommendation #4: Enabling environment for young entrepreneurs ..................................... 43

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Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

-‐Recommendation #5: Coaching in the specific potential market niches .................................... 43 -‐Recommendation #6: Certification of quality ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’ ......................... 43 -‐Recommendation #7: ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’ e-‐business platform ............................... 43 -‐Recommendation #8: Annual program of events ................................................................................. 43 -‐Recommendation #9: Finance education for local people ................................................................ 44 -‐Recommendation #10: Local Guide of Services ..................................................................................... 44 -‐Recommendation #11: World Heritage on youth hands ................................................................... 44 -‐Recommendation #12: R+D in the handcrafts market ....................................................................... 44 -‐Recommendation #13: Eco-‐friendly gastronomy ................................................................................. 44 -‐Recommendation #14: Language skills and customer relations .................................................... 45 -‐Recommendation #15: Local corps of youth guides ............................................................................ 45 -‐Recommendation #16: Sub-‐aquatic heritage .......................................................................................... 45 -‐Recommendation #17: Continuity and sustainability of the success practices ....................... 45

7. References .................................................................................................................................. 46 8. List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 51

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Foreword By the UNESCO Regional Representative

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Acknowledgments

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Executive Summary

Cabo Verde has a great potential in Cultural Tourism and Creative Economy. A historic tradition exporting cultural and creative goods, as music, arts and culinary products, and its strategic position in the Atlantic as a crossroad of cultures and peoples from Africa, Europe and America provide all ingredients for sustainable development based in Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI). Cabo Verde is worldwide recognized by its music, but there are other growing CCIs as dance, religious celebrations, performing arts, theatre, poetry and carnival. World Heritage and Tourism are a fruitful combination that in many places all over the world have generated impressive opportunities for income generation and, therefore, employment and socio-‐economic progress. If they are promoted adequately, they will convert Cidade Velha and Cabo Verde by extension, as a showcase of sustainable development success in Africa and the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP). Cidade Velha has a growing tourism industry based in the attractive of the historic material (monuments) and immaterial (traditions and costumes) World Heritage with an outstanding universal value. In 2013 they received nearly 23,000 visitors, almost three times the registered population of the Municipality of Ribeira Grande of Santiago. This flow of tourists, visible throughout the year when walking downtown Cidade Velha, should generate enough opportunities for employment within the local communities living around the monuments. After an exhaustive analysis of the current entrepreneurship initiatives of women and young people, as well as the tourist and agencies demands, the Study concludes, broadly speaking, that there is a need for stimulating the entrepreneurial culture among the youth, as there are spaces for new income generating activities in the field of the CCI. Cidade Velha has hosted in recent year a growing number of training activities, particularly in local products elaboration. This has stimulated young people to start small businesses and associations to offer produces and services. Now, the greatest need is on mentoring and supporting these starting enterprises, as they need to acquire further knowledge in business development, market opportunities and customer relations. They need to have access to funding and to networking that open for them new markets outside Ribeira Grande. If these aspects are secured to them, the fundamentals for a growing industry in the Culture

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Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

and Creativity sectors will be strengthened. Thus, a broader offer of products and services will be provided for visitors and therefore the revenues of tourism will revert into the local economy contributing to the development of the region and improvement of living conditions of the local communities. In addition to this conclusion, the most significant recommendations addressed to the national and local stakeholders and emanated from this Field Study are summarized into one general and three main ones. General Recommendation: Operationalize a Strategic Plan on Cultural Tourism and Creative Economies for Cidade Velha, integrating Tourism as a main income generating activity for socio-‐economic development, within the context of the Cultural and Creative Industries. Recommendation #1: Entrepreneurial Culture Mainstream Invest in the entrepreneurial culture of the young people since the childhood as a priority cross-‐cutting subject mainstreamed in the educative system of the country, with specialized programs as Entrepreneurship on World Heritage, Start-‐up on Creative and Cultural Industries, Tourism Market Businesses, in partnership with the local development agencies, with a results oriented and practical approach. Recommendation #2: Mentoring Programs for Entrepreneurs Implement mentoring and skills strengthening programs for the entrepreneurial initiatives that are already functioning in the Municipality in order to facilitate the development of professionalized business that become competitive and expand their market to other touristic places in Cabo Verde. Recommendation #3: Incubating Facility on Creative Economies Create an Incubator on Creative Economy in the World Heritage, in Ribeira Grande, that contributes to the reinforcement and consolidation of the entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as to the creation of new ones for the new markets and opportunities of the growing tourism industry generated by the World Heritage site. It should include training activities

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

and technical assistance, as well as monitoring the entrepreneurs for a short period and a program for accelerating enterprises that are in process of consolidation.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Introduction

This Field Study on Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship, and Tourism combines four key elements for the development and socio-‐economic transformation of Cabo Verde. UNESCO has been a development partner since the early stages after the independence of the country, in 1975. In 2009, Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande, was inscribed in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List by a decision of the World Heritage Committee (33 COM 8B.10), recognizing its outstanding universal value. As a result, UNESCO in partnership with several stakeholders including the Cabo Verde Government, the Local Municipality, the Cabo Verde National Commission for UNESCO and the civil society, have promoted the implementation of projects and initiatives to maintain Cidade Velha legacy, as a model for other heritage sites, safeguarding the country’s memory and progressing towards the future through the socio-‐economic development of its populations. In this effort of supporting the sustainable development of the communities surrounding this World Heritage property, in the context of the reinforcement actions led by civil society, women and youth organizations, and within the follow-‐up initiatives of the Declaration of Praia 1 , UNESCO sponsored the elaboration of this Field Study in the areas of more exceptional impact for the improvement of the living conditions for the local people. The World Heritage recognition can create remarkable opportunities for income generating activities contributing decisively to the communities’ sustainable development. Tourism is a source of constant revenues and employment opportunities for the local population, in particular for trained young people, offering quality products and services for the visitors. If the tourism generated by the World Heritage stimulates the local economy due to a larger demand on Creative and Cultural Industries products and services, then new opportunities for income generation will be created and unemployment will be reduced. Based on this theory of change, the research was conducted in December 2013 by a team of community 1 Declaration of Praia “Promoting Youth Employment in the Creative Economy in Africa”, an outcome

document of the High Level Ministerial Meeting on Culture, Education, Creativity and Youth Employability organized by the UNESCO and the Government of Cape Verde in October 2013, in the City of Praia: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/dakar/about-‐this-‐office/single-‐ view/news/the_declaration_of_praia_promoting_youth_employment_in_the_creative_economy_in_africa/

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

based investigators coordinated the Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations2 with the support of a Consultant who drafted this report. The research has two main parts. The first is an exhaustive mapping of entrepreneurial initiatives in the municipality of Ribeira Grande of Santiago, from which the most relevant are selected for a first assessment of its potential and viability. The second part is a tourism market evaluation of cultural demands in World Heritage visitors to Cidade Velha, including the analysis of the outcomes from the surveys to tourists, agencies and historic site managers. Besides these two parts, the report contained a set o eighteen recommendations to foster the contribution of the World Heritage Tourism and the Creative Economies to the local employment of young people and the sustainable socio-‐economic development of the municipality of Ribeira Grande, and by extension, of Cabo Verde. At the beginning of the report, overviews on Creative Economies, World Heritage, international legal framework and current local and national contexts are incorporated.

2 Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations (LAJURGES) ran successfully in 2013 the UNESCO World

Heritage Volunteers (WHV) program in partnership with the UNESCO NatCom, the Municipal Government and the North South Centre of the Council of Europe (CoE).

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

1. General Overview

1.1 Creative Economies Concept

“The cultural sector, and the creative industries especially, offer real windows of opportunity: the demand for goods and services based on cultural resources is real. These resources, whether derived from heritage or creativity, are on a growing trend both in the developed countries and in the medium and low-‐income countries. By harnessing the potential of our youth, full of energy, creativity and talent, and able to influence our future prosperity, Africa’s creative and cultural resources can contribute to address the challenges relating to youth unemployment, climate change, food security, peace and health.” Lalla Aicha Ben Barka, Assistant Director General for UNESCO’s Africa Department3 The term ‘Creative Economies’ is a broad notion that embraces several fields including cultural and creative industries. This expression is included in the development agenda since the early 1990s as a powerful catalyzer for sustainable development in the knowledge-‐ based economies. The Creative Economy offers a great opportunity for Cabo Verde to be transformed into a cultural and creative hub in Africa, generate income and jobs and contribute decisively to the country’s vulnerable economy. The United Nations introduced this topic in the world economic and development agenda, defining it as an emerging concept dealing with the interface between creativity, culture, economics and technology in a contemporary world dominated by images, sounds, texts and symbols. “The creative economy has become a powerful transformative force in the world today. Its potential for development is vast and waiting to be unlocked. It is one of the most rapidly growing sectors of the world economy, not just in terms of income generation but also for job creation and export earnings”, considers the UNDP/UNESCO Report on Creative Economies, 20134. 3 From the inaugural speech of the High Level Ministerial Meeting on Culture, Education, Creativity and

Youth Employability, Praia, 2013. 4 Available at: http://www.creativeeconomyreport2013.com/

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

This report also considers that human creativity and innovation, at both the individual and group level, are the key drivers of these industries, and have become the true wealth of nations in the 21st century. Indirectly, culture increasingly underpins the ways in which people everywhere understand the world, see their place in it, affirm their human rights, and forge productive relationships with others. “The creative and cultural, while not providing a quick fix for the achievement of sustainable development, are nevertheless among the most powerful sources for new development pathways that encourage creativity and innovation in the pursuit of inclusive, equitable and sustainable growth and development”, that the United Nations System Task Team on the Post-‐2015 United Nations Development Agenda exhorted the international community to take. According to the UNCTAD, today, the creative industries are among the most dynamic sectors in the world economy providing new opportunities for developing countries to leapfrog into emerging high-‐growth areas of the world economy. “Adequately nurtured, creativity fuels culture, infuses a human-‐centred development and constitutes the key ingredient for job creation, innovation and trade while contributing to social inclusion, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability.”

Creative Economy Report, UNCTAD, 2010

In fact, nowadays knowledge has become the main driver of economic growth, and innovation dictates the pace of progress in a new global era with worldwide connectivity and limitless creativity5.

5 United

Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) (2013) Creative Industries for Youth: Unleashing Potential and Growth, p.16; http://eudevdays.eu/sites/default/files/13-‐81037_Ebook.pdf

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

1.2 Creative and Cultural Industries

UNESCO defines cultural and creative industries as those sectors of activity that have as their main objective the creation, development, production, reproduction, promotion, distribution or sale of goods, services and activities that have cultural, artistic and/or heritage content6. Both cultural and creative industries call on creativity, but the former also require cultural, artistic or heritage content. Similarly, the two concepts may have a base in intellectual property, but this is not systematically the case for creative industries, which are essentially built on creativity and possibly on brand image. Thus beyond what are commonly recognized as cultural industries—publishing, cinema, music, radio, television, performing arts, as well as in recent times, video games—the notion of creative industries can also embrace architecture, design, advertising, crafts, fashion or cultural tourism.7 Source: UNCTAD Creative Economies The creative industries are at the crossroads of the arts, culture, business and technology. All these activities are intensive in creative skills and can generate income through trade and intellectual property rights. There are different classifications depending on the focus. UNESCO made in 2009 the following register:

6 Source: Understanding Creative Industries, published by UNESCO and the Global Alliance for Cultural

Diversity, 2006. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/es/files/30297/11942616973cultural_stat_EN.pdf/cultural_stat_EN.pdf 7 Source: Policies for Creativity, published by UNESCO, 2011

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Source: UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics. Montreal, Canada, 2009 There are some classic models of classification of cultural and creative industries developed by different authors:

Source: Throsby, D. (2001). Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Source: Work Foundation, United Kingdom, 2012

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Within the space Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP), there is join effort to by UNCTAD, UNESCO and ILO to support creative economies as income generating activities and source of employment and sustainable development. These United Nations specialized organizations are working towards the objectives set by the Dakar Declaration and Plan of Action for the promotion of ACP Culture and Cultural Industries8 (2003) and the Santo Domingo Resolution9 (2006) adopted by the ACP ministers of culture. “The concept of cultural industry is, in essence, the mass production and distribution of products, which convey ideas, messages, symbols, opinions, information and moral and aesthetic values”, mentions the Nairobi Action Plan for Cultural Industries in Africa (2005)10.

8 http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/ACP_STRATEGIES_FOR_CULTURE_DEVELOPMENT.pdf p. 29 9 http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/ACP_STRATEGIES_FOR_CULTURE_DEVELOPMENT.pdf p. 9

10 Available at:

http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/UA_NairobiPlanOfActionCultIndustriesAfrica_2005_en.pdf

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

1.3 Tourism Industries Regarding tourism industries, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has developed several projects that show how it can contribute to the economic and social development of the countries, as well as how it can reinforce the cultural and creative industries. Indeed, the UNWTO has published a report showcasing how the sustainable tourism is a key strategy to eliminate poverty 11 and it contributes substantially to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals12. Following the data released by the UNWTO, in 2012 tourism accounted for one in eleven jobs worldwide and generated a staggering 6% of global exports. For twenty of the least developed countries tourism is either the number one or number two export earner. According to the International Cultural Tourism Charter13, promoted by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) at the 12th General Assembly in Mexico, in 1999, tourism “should bring benefits to host communities and provide an important means and motivation for them to care for and maintain their heritage and cultural practices. The involvement and co-‐operation of local and/or indigenous community representatives, conservationists, tourism operators, property owners, policy makers, those preparing national development plans and site managers is necessary to achieve a sustainable tourism industry and enhance the protection of heritage resources for future generations.” Likewise, this document highlights that domestic and international tourism continues to be among the foremost vehicles for cultural exchange, providing a personal experience, not only of that which has survived from the past, but of the contemporary life and society of others. It is increasingly appreciated as a positive force for natural and cultural conservation. Tourism can capture the economic characteristics of the heritage and harness these for conservation by generating funding, educating the community and influencing policy. It is an essential part of many national and regional economies and can be an important factor in development, when managed successfully.

11 Publications available at: http://step.unwto.org/en/content/main-‐publications 12 Source: http://www.unwto.org/tourism&mdgsezine/

13 Available at: http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.pdf

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

2. Cabo Verde Context

2.1 Regulatory Framework

There exists a rich literature of agreements and declarations that Cabo Verde subscribes and urges to promote Creative and Cultural Industries as a way to foster employability and, in particular, to reduce unemployment of young people. The Declaration of Praia “Promoting Youth Employment in the Creative Economy in Africa” 14 , launched in November 2013 as an outcome document of the High Level Ministerial Meeting on Culture, Education, Creativity and Youth Employability organized by the UNESCO and the Government of Cabo Verde, recommended governments to invest in the Creative Economy and Culture as a way to reduce the youth unemployment and foster the socio-‐economic development of the countries. This Declaration and its Action Plan has been built on the African Youth Charter, the Charter for African Renaissance, the last two resolutions of the UN General Assembly on Culture and Development, adopted in 2010 and 2011, and the Decision of the African Union (2006) on the link between culture and education. It has been endorsed by eight African countries— Angola, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and S. Tomé—, expressing their commitment to implement public policies that foster youth employability in the Creative field and promote young entrepreneurship linked to Cultural Industries. Half a year before, in May 2013, another declaration was launched in Cabo Verde with the conclusions and recommendations of the International Conference Post 2015 Agenda on Population and Youth Employment: the Declaration of Mindelo on Decent Work for Youth Development15. This document also urges the need of implementing effective public policies to give access to decent employment to young people. Likewise, it highlights the importance of accomplishing the goals of the Malabo Declaration adopted by the Presidents of African Governments at the African Union Summit in 2011, particularly the commitment to reduce 14 Accessible at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/dakar/about-‐this-‐office/single-‐

view/news/the_declaration_of_praia_promoting_youth_employment_in_the_creative_economy_in_africa/ 15 Accessible at: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-‐-‐-‐africa/documents/presentation/wcms_216414.pdf

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

youth unemployment in Africa by 2% every year16. Another important process in Africa, including Cabo Verde, related to employment is Ouaga +10. During the period 2004 to 2014, African Member States have actively engaged in promoting and implementing the commitments taken in the 2004 Declaration and Plan of Action after the African Meeting of Ministers of Employment, Finance, Planning and Economic Development that took place in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. Member States have periodically reported on their progresses by submitting transit implementation reports to the African Union Commission17. Some of the key outputs that this process facilitated includes the Youth and Women Employment Pact, the Social Protection Plan for the Informal Economy and Rural Workers (SPIREWORK), the Labour Market System Harmonization and Coordination Framework (LMIS-‐HCF), the Intra African Technical Cooperation Platform (IATCP), and the Strategic Document on Resource Mobilization. All of them aim at fostering employment and decent work. In Cabo Verde, the promotion of the Creative Economy has been traditionally linked to the tourism industry. The Bill n. 85/VII/2011 (Bases of Tourism Public Policies) constitutes the main regulatory legislation for tourism industries. In last decades, tourism has transformed the economy of the country, becoming the first sector in contribution to Internal Revenue, employment creation and acting as a catalyzer for the development of local economies. Following the data provided by the Cabo Verde Bank, tourism represented near 24% of the GDP in 2012. The Strategic Document for Growth and Poverty Reduction 2012–16 (DECRP III)18 is the main roadmap of the Government of CaboVerde for the implementation of the country’s transformation agenda. It includes as a priority area the Creative Economies to accelerate the growth through economic diversification. It defines at country-‐level the creative sectors: the artistic creation (music, audio-‐visual, performing arts, plastic and visual arts), telecommunications and broadcasting, publishing (books and media), crafts and folk art, festivals and pilgrimages, material and immaterial heritage (uses and diffusion), leisure software, design, fashion, architecture, gastronomy and advertising. The impact of these sectors in the national economy will happen if they are optimized in a cluster strategy, as a network of interlinked units, integrating and maximizing the functions and capabilities of the individual units. In addition, the Inter-‐Sectorial Strategic Plan for Culture (PLEI Cultura), promoted by the Ministry of Culture, recognizes in its mission the Creative Economy as a strategic dimension 16 Accesible at: http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Assembly_AU_Dec_363-‐390_(XVII)__E.pdf 17 Reports of the Ouagadougou 2004 Plan of Action, mid-‐term in 2009, and final one in 2014 can be found

at: http://ouagaplus10.au.int/en 18 Accesible at: http://www.mindbank.info/item/3807

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for the development of the country. It also emphasizes in its strategic vision the capacity of this sustainable model of economy, based on intangible value of the creativity, to influence positively other sectors in society, and strengthen the innovation and creativity culture of Cabo Verde.

2.2 Keys for success “Creative Industries will be the main vectors for the transformation of economic growth through the Tourism Industry, creating a virtuous cycle for the generation of jobs, reduction of poverty and redistribution of wealth. The combination of these two industries will probably result in a powerful leverage for its economy, making of Cape Verde a case study, a champion for the Southern region and in particular to Africa”, highlights the report on Creative Economy, Copyright and Digital Distribution19, elaborated for the UNCTAD. The challenge now is turning the CCIs into effective contributors for the economic growth and poverty reduction, as it happens in other countries where the Creative Economy provides employment and livelihood to a large segment of the population and contributes decisively to the country’s GDP. “In the case of Cape Verde, the music mainly benefits other countries; the work of the great musical stars and many cultural products of the country are produced and managed abroad and then reimported”, stresses the DECRP III. One of the most exceptional valuable attractions of Cabo Verde is the World Heritage site of Cidade Velha, historic centre of Ribeira Grande. This historic place has potential for unleashing income generating activities on many fields of the Cultural and Creative Economies. Local young entrepreneurs can explore it to offer new services and products for the growing demands of tourism. The publication Cape Verde’s Creative Economy20 sponsored by the Enhanced Integrated Framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the UNCTAD underlines the potential of Cabo Verde and recommends the establishment of a Comprehensive Plan for the Development of the Creative Economy, integrating ministerial and inter-‐institutional actions coordinated by the Government and the Inter-‐ministerial Committee for Creative Economy. It also recommends further investment in training for professionals and creative entrepreneurs in the country, including university research in this field that contribute to the development of the CCIs. There already exist success cases in Cabo Verde that are showcased in the UNDP/UNESCO 19 Written by Alexandre Agra, Consultant on the Economy of Music

20 Written by Claudia Sousa Leitão, researcher of the State University of Ceará, Brazil

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Creative Economies Report21, as the Atlantic Music Expo in Praia, which was organized in April 2013 and 2014 to foster cultural collaboration and exchange across the Atlantic between Africa, the Americas and Europe. This was initiated by the Ministry of Culture in Cabo Verde and produced by a local company in cooperation with Piranha Womex. This event—combining market, conference and festival formats—links key local players and connects them with international experts; builds capacities and new touring circuits in the region; and boosts artist mobility and export. According to the analytical report Tourism Development in Cape Verde22, commissioned by the UNCTAD, effective coordination among stakeholders to implement strategic investment and planning for tourism could be explosive in terms of economic growth with linkages throughout the islands. Indeed, Cabo Verde “tourism investment policies should reflect a strategy of integrated development to spread the economic benefits of sustainable tourism. Investment policies should be a result of a more collaborative dialogue among stakeholders, increasing transparency and consensus”, recommends the report. In terms of visitors, hotels in Cabo Verde in 2012 registered 534,000 clients, a 12.3% increase from the year before, ranking first British (21.6%), French (13%), Portuguese (12.7%) and Germans (12.6%)23. These amounts overpass the population of the country, representing a remarkable potential that can leverage creativity and culture for socio-‐ economic development. Following the 2014 Report submitted by UNCTAD and UN partners to the government of Cabo Verde24 “handicraft producers and musicians in Cabo Verde could be better integrated into the tourism value chain; the current tourism model has generated impressive growth, but it has not sufficiently made use of the country's rich culture and people's skills and talents”. The recommendations underscore the need to promote local events with relevant stakeholders, and particularly to invest in infrastructure for accommodation, food and transport that can receive a higher number of tourists outside main tourist destinations, and match their needs.

21 UNDP/UNESCO (2013) Report on Creative Economies, p. 103

22 Written by Robin Mason, Consultant in Tourism for Development 23 According to the National Statistics Institute (INE): http://www.ine.cv

http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=733&Sitemap_x0020_Taxonomy=Africa%20and%20Least%20 Developed%20Countries;#1547;#Creative%20Economy%20Programme;#20;#UNCTAD%20Home;#1389;#Least%20Developed% 20Countries;#567;#Enhanced%20Integrated%20Framework 24

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

3. Cidade Velha, World Heritage Site

3.1 Heritage Background

Cidade Velha, historical centre of Ribeira Grande, was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2009, marking Cabo Verde's entry to the international community's inventory of properties of outstanding universal value25. Since then, an important process of international valorization of the monuments’ area has taken place progressively bringing a higher number of visitors to the town. Previously, Cabo Verde accepted the World Heritage Convention in April 1988. According to the Decision 8B.10 of the 33rd World Heritage Committee Session held in Sevilla, Spain, in 200926, the outstanding value of Cidade Velha is that “it was the first European colonial town to be built in the tropics, and marks a decisive step in European expansion at the end of the 15th century towards Africa and the Atlantic area. Ribeira Grande was subsequently, in the 16th and 17th centuries, a key port of call for Portuguese colonization and its administration. It was an exceptional center in the routes for international maritime trade, included in the routes between Africa and the Cape, Brazil and the Caribbean. It provides an early image of transcontinental geopolitical visions. Its insular position, isolated but close to the coasts of Africa, made it an essential platform for the Atlantic trade of enslaved persons of modern times. A place of concentration of enslaved persons and the inhuman practices of the trade of enslaved persons, Ribeira Grande was also exceptional in terms of the intercultural encounters from which stemmed the first developed Creole society. The valley of Ribeira Grande experimented with new forms of colonial agriculture on the boundary between the temperate and tropical climates. It became a platform for the acclimatization and dissemination of plant species across the world.” At the national level, this process of valorization started after the country’s independence in 1975, through the implementation of policies and projects to preserve the heritage and historic memory of Cabo Verde. For a better preservation of the monuments area, following the UNESCO recommendations for World Heritage conservation, the Government of Cape Verde created initially a management commission and in 2012 it was converted to the High Curator’s Board of the historic site of Cidade Velha (Resolution 4/2012 of January 25th, 25 Cidade Velha becomes Cabo Verde's first World Heritage site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/527/ 26 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1310

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published in the Official Journal I, serial n. 4)27. This new management structure facilitates the coordination of the main actors involved in the heritage site, including the Municipal Government (CMRGS), the Ministry of Culture and other national government bodies related to historic memory conservation, the National Commission for UNESCO and the civil society, represented by several community associations based in Cidade Velha.

27 http://www.governo.cv/index.php/noticias/4375-‐pm-‐empossa-‐alta-‐curadoria-‐para-‐sitio-‐historico-‐de-‐

cidade-‐velha-‐v15-‐4375

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

3.2 Management structures At local level the management of the historic site includes the following main stakeholders: The Municipal Government28: It is the owner of the lands where the monuments stands and it is in charge of issuing the licenses for any construction within the main area and the tampon zone. It was established by the law n. 63/VI/2005, with capital in Cidade Velha, situated in the Southern part of the municipality, with nearly 2,000 inhabitants. Previously Cidade Velha was part of the Municipality of Praia. The Ministry of Culture: Initially represented by the Institute of Cultural Heritage (IPC, formerly IIPC)29, Historic Heritage Division, and after 2012, by its local counterpart the Curator’s Board of Cidade Velha. Its main mandate is to bring together the main actors involved in the historic site to facilitate a participatory management of the site and to give technical support for the preservation of the monuments and the traditions (material and immaterial heritage). The concessionary of the site: The firm Proimtur gained by public call for the economic exploitation of the monuments, being responsible for the maintenance of the monuments and the collection of the visiting fee. It also administrated the local hostel Pousada S. Pedro, situated back in the Riviera, a facility built in traditional stone style with six twin rooms in cottages, refectory and a ground for sports and games, as well as the Restaurant Pelourinho, located in the main square. Besides these, there are other actors involved in some of the initiatives of World Heritage preservation, as the Cabo Verde National Commission for UNESCO, Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations, Secondary School of Salineiro, Education Ministry Delegation, Firemen’s, Rural Development Ministry Delegation, Bornefonden and some community associations.

28 http://www.cmrgs.com 29 http://www.iipc.cv

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

3.3 Current situation

According to the Mo Ibrahim Facts and Figures Report30, in 2010, 40% of the population in Cape Verde was youth from 15 to 34 years old. Moreover, the median age of the population in the country is 23 years old. Thus, youth are the larger population group in Ribeira Grande and the most affected by unemployment. Unemployment rate in Cabo Verde reached 16.8% in 201231, and it is much higher in rural areas as Ribeira Grande. This situation together with the lack of entrepreneurship culture accentuates the difficulties to get decent work and therefore, many young people find other options outside of the formal market. The lack of decent job opportunities makes the young generation, and in particular young women, more vulnerable32. In terms of education, nearly 90% of the population is considered literate33. However the current national school curricula does not include any courses on entrepreneurship or business skills. Ribeira Grande has basic school facilities that provide primary education in most villages. There is one high school in Salineiro town that covers the entire municipality for secondary education, using shuttle services for the remote areas. In recent years, the number of students who drop out of school has increased. These young people either remain inactive waiting for opportunities or become part of the informal subsistence economy, working mainly in the primary sector with their families. Those who finish the secondary, if they can afford it, move to university in the neighboring city of Praia or abroad. If they do not have conditions, they remain looking for employment or move to work somewhere else. Since 2009, when Cidade Velha was inscribed in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List, the offer of capacity building and vocational trainings and courses that target local unemployed population has grown exponentially in the Municipality. Diverse ranges of actors, including local Government, Ministries, international donors, international organizations and NGOs, have promoted a wide variety of professional 30 Available at: http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/2013/2012-‐facts-‐and-‐figures.pdf 31 International Monetary Fund -‐ 2011 World Economic Outlook:

http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/fileadmin/uploads/aeo/PDF/Cape%20Verde%20Full%20Cou ntry%20Note.pdf 32 Global Employment Trends for Youth 2013: A generation at risk: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-‐-‐-‐dgreports/-‐-‐-‐ dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_212423.pdf 33 Source: Mo Ibrahim Facts and Figures Report

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

trainings. These include recent programs as the School-‐Workshop of Cidade Velha, funded by the AECID with one million euros for three years, implementing an innovative sustainable model of vocational training courses where students get a small allowance from the beginning of the course and this is compensated by the work that students implement as part of their practical classes 34 . This project was over in 2013 and the Institute of Employment and Professional Training (IEFP), which belongs to the Ministry of Youth, Employment and Human Resources Development, replaced it with the offer of traditional vocational training courses to start before the end of 2014. LuxDev will fund some of the courses, as they will not continue the self-‐sustainable model of the previous project. The European Union through the 2013 call for projects for non-‐state actors and local governments is currently funding in Cidade Velha with nearly 300,000 euros for three years another project implemented by the NGO CitiHabitat, that includes skills development and professional training. The Portuguese Development Agency, the Japanese International Cooperation Agency, UN-‐Women, ACCVE-‐Galicia and some other NGOs from Europe have also implemented training programs in the past. UNESCO has also funded some projects and meetings, including in 2013 the program on World Heritage Education WHV-‐Cidade Velha, the Origins of the Creole Society35 Regarding the effects of the Tourism Industry in Ribeira Grande, the Tourism General Directorate of the Ministry of Transport, Industry and Energy is planning to fund a study of the impacts of tourism in Cidade Velha. It will be developed by the local stakeholders— Municipal Government and Curator’s Board—in partnership with the University of Cabo Verde.

34 Documentary video about the School Workshop of Cidade Velha available at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=AETTj7n_wyU 35 Infosheet of the WHV-‐Cidade Velha program available at:

http://whvolunteers.org/pdf/2013/Cape%20Verde,%20FCJ,%20WHV%20-‐ %20Cidade%20Velha,%20the%20origins%20of%20Creole%20society.pdf

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

4. Mapping of entrepreneurial activities in the municipality of Ribeira Grande de Santiago

4.1 Research Process This Study includes a quantitative field research that uses contemporary survey methodology to answer questions on entrepreneurship about a population. Entrepreneurial activities linked to Creative Economies, Culture and Heritage, as well as Tourism related industries were mapped by local researchers of the Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations, the umbrella organization of the youth associations in this municipality, and their affiliated groups. The mapping consisted of field visits to all localities in the municipality of Ribeira Grande to register entrepreneurial initiatives by local young people and women. Once the initiatives were identified, interviews were scheduled with the promoters in order to collect relevant and accurate data and fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire was elaborated using an empiric methodology based on the social sciences research by the Consultant. It included simple and clear questions to be easily understood by anybody despite of the educational level. Beginning with the identification of the entrepreneurial initiative, the inquirers asked for information on the legal status, the kind of organization (licensed company, association, cooperative, social enterprise, etc.), the foundational year and the staff and other people involved (partners, employees, interns, externals, volunteers, etc.). Then the questions focused on the services/products provided, the business idea and the business plan. Other set of questions was related to the financial situation, encompassing the starting capital, business volume and funding available and/or requested. The final inquiries were about future perspectives and required investments in the short and long terms. Once the questionnaires were filled, the Consultant analyzed the quantitative and qualitative data and processed the most outstanding information to be included in the report. Follow-‐up phone interviews with each entrepreneur and field visits for verification and updating of the entrepreneurial initiatives assessed in this Study were also done by the Consultant.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

As a result, eleven initiatives started by local people, youth and women, were identified. They were mapped following the criteria of pertinence, potential and maturity of the entrepreneurial activity. Likewise, the link with the CCI and the aspects included in the Declaration of Praia were taken into account. The initiatives identified are based in different towns of the Municipality: six in Cidade Velha, two in Salineiro, one in Goveia, one in S. Martinho Grande and one in Porto Mosquito. All of them come from towns with larger vulnerable communities in socio-‐ economic risk, most of them driven by young people under thirty-‐five years of age.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

4.2 First assessment of the potential and viability Most of the local businesses run by young people in Ribeira Grande are typical models of the informal economy, short-‐term, non-‐specialized and segmented initiatives that are more focused on the subsistence economy than in a medium or long-‐term exploitation of the tourism and World Heritage related industries. Thus, local entrepreneurs develop different kind of income generating activities covering several sectors in order to manage to earn enough to support their families. However, due to recent practical trainings (2011–13) on entrepreneurship, arts and craftsmanship, recycling and other local income generating activities in the Municipality, some of the initiatives have started the process to be established legally as a social enterprise or community association. This allows them to further develop themselves as business, expanding their markets, as well as facilitating the accountability and generating a larger contribution to the local economy. Taking into account the starting date of the activity, some of them have been considered very incipient as they appeared as a result of a short training or their promoters were not planning to dedicate full time to it in the near future. Nevertheless, three initiatives that have already started to produce in a formal way and have potential to consolidate can be highlighted: Workshop Txapa Txapa | Address: S. Martinho Grande, Main Street, next to the public square | Promoter: Ms. Ivony Martins| Contact: +2389139661 | Schedule: Open to public any day on request | Industry: Creative Textile | Registered as limited enterprise in 2012, it belongs to a woman entrepreneur from S. Martinho working in the textile sector for more than ten years. The workshop was established in this town because of the lower renting fees for spaces and the strategic localization, half way between Praia and Cidade Velha. The owner is a tailor specialized in traditional fabrics, designing colorful clothes and ornaments that are frequently used by local people as well as by tourists as souvenirs and exotic

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

dressings and complements. After a training course organized by UN-‐Women, she started to introduce recycling elements, seeds and other materials from nature in her creations, particularly in the ornaments as necklaces, wrist laces, earrings, flip flops and handicrafts. The main challenges are the lack of some sewing materials that need to be imported as well as the irregularity of the market. She recognized that it would be helpful to reinforce her management and advertising skills. Currently she is looking for support to create the brand graphic image to be introduced in all her creations. Although she has participated in several fairs in other municipalities, the business could be expanded, including selling her products in boutiques in Praia and touristic places as Sal, Boa Vista or S. Vicente. She is preparing some stock for an exhibition fair she has been invited to for 2015, in Brazil. The Workshop’s annual average business volume overpassed the 5,000€ in 2013 and it has been progressively growing since the inception. Around 80% of the purchases are by foreign tourists and the diaspora. Association “Juntas para Vencer” | Address: Cidade Velha, Banana Street, opposite the Creole Restaurant | Promoter: Ms. Jessica Barbosa | Contact: +2389150324 | Schedule: Open to public daily 9-‐18h| Industry: Creative Earth Products | This registered association of female young rural workers was constituted in 2012 in Cidade Velha as a result of an intervention of the School-‐Workshop of Cidade Velha. The members of the association were the students of the Traditional Culinary training who at the end of the course decided to join and start to produce the popular fruit jam in roasted sugar and fruit liquors that are commonly consumed by the local market. Initially the products were commercialized by the School-‐ Workshop, addressing the upmarket consumers, as tourists find those products a typical souvenir gift of Cidade Velha. From 2013 onwards the School-‐Workshop transferred the commercialization to the Association in order to create and income generating activity for the students. As they realized the larger opportunity of

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

business exporting beyond the Municipality they decided to produce regularly and take their products to the fairs all over the country in order to better commercialize them. Nevertheless they face important challenges: fruit production is irregular and they have to buy from small producers from tree farms far from Cidade Velha; likewise, they may need to strengthen their marketing skills and selling strategies as they could introduce new products to be sold in supermarkets and hotels and expand the market much faster. They also need reliable suppliers of glass from abroad as there are no glass producers in Cabo Verde. In the first year of business they overpassed an average selling of 1,100€ annually and in 2013 they reached 3,300€. Currently they are selling to foreign tourists around 50% of the production of liquors and 80% of the earth decorative products. ACCVE-‐Sulada | Address: Cidade Velha, Boca da Ribeira, besides Touristic Information Office | Promoter: Ms. Monica Ramos| Contact: +2389204536 | Schedule: Open to public Mon-‐ Sab 9-‐18h, Sun 9-‐13h | Industry: Creative Earth Products and Cosmetics | It was established in Cidade Velha as community association since 2007, specialized in plants transformation, such as Aloe Vera, Purgueira (Jatropha curcas) and others, for soaps and cosmetics products working as a women’s cooperative. The beginning was positive, commercializing products as soaps, creams and shampoos all over Santiago Island with the brand ‘Raizes’. However, in following years the management shifted into a more retailed seller of arts from local crafters than in producing and exploring new products from plants; thus some market opportunities have been lost. In any case, they keep an excellent know how, as well as a well-‐located shop near Pelourinho Square. They received support and training from ACCVE-‐ Galicia at the beginning and they still keep this cooperation to get recipients

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

and stickers with the brand name. Likewise, they received support from the Japanese International Development Agency and training from UN-‐Women. Nevertheless, they still need some support in specific product refinement training, as well as in marketing skills. Currently the cooperative is integrated for women from Cidade Velha, Salineiro and Goveia. They have built recently a warehouse in Goveia to store small machinery and manufactured products. More than 60% of the clients are international tourists and diaspora. There are other three initiatives that have an important accumulated experience in Creative Industries applied to Tourism and that may consolidate their business in following years if promoters find support and they dedicate full time to their businesses. Cimente di Terra | Address: Cidade Velha, Pelourinho Square, next to main road | Promoter: Ms. Inês Duarte | Contact: +2389127293 | Schedule: Open to public daily 9-‐20h| Industry: Creative and Traditional Cuisine | It is an association that manages a small kiosk in the Pelourinho Square since 2010, serving traditional finger food (moray fish, pork derived products) and drinks (pontche and Grogue). Recently it has started to serve traditional meals, aiming to create a small bistro. It also offers catering services of traditional cuisine for events in Ribeira Grande. If the business is consolidated it will contribute to expand the gastronomical offer of Cidade Velha and give dynamism to the local economy. They have also two traditional table football games that attract children and young people. The clients are 50% visitors, 50% local. Young Craft Makers of Cidade Velha | Address: Cidade Velha, Banana Street, opposite the small garden | Promoter: Ms. Deneia Semedo| Contact: +2389390237 | Schedule: Store open to public on request | Industry: Creative Arts Works | It is a group of young people trained in arts and crafts

Cidade Velha

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

that after graduating in 2012 decided to constitute a group to continue producing handicrafts for tourists, including ornaments, bracelets, necklaces, sand-‐paintings and leaves-‐paintings. They have the know-‐how and the will to become crafts makers, but they still need to get some working tools and materials to achieve quality art pieces. They also need marketing training. They use natural raw materials obtained in the valley and recycling techniques to turn used plastics, bricks, metals and glass into collection handiworks. Their production is still irregular, but they have already a stock of art creations and they produce on going as they sell. They expose their products in the Pelourinho Square when visitors come. The have the potential to employ young craft makers on part time basis. The buyers are visitors, Cabo Verdeans and foreigners. There are other associations of local artists that focus on the elaboration of traditional craftsmanship as designs in wood, banana leaves, paintings and basket making, but their production is still irregular to supply the market. However, their quality of the hand-‐made products is good and some tourists look for them. Some young people have started to create traditional music groups in order to offer musical performances to the tourists, including morna, batuque, coladeira, funaná, tabanca and other rhythms and cultural traditions linked to the history of the Creole Society and Cidade Velha. They play a significant role in the local economy and culture, but they are still in process of organization and constitution as formal groups, as well as working in the elaboration of their business plans to be able to dedicate full-‐time to that job. In summary, the overall assessment of the initiatives mapped is that local people are actively exploring business opportunities, but they need technical assistance in corporate management and marketing in order to professionalize more the production and selling processes. Most of them have good standards of quality, but many local entrepreneurs do not have the persistence needed to consolidate their business in a short-‐term period. Therefore, the creation of an enterprises’ incubating facility on Creative Economies in Ribeira Grande is highly recommended. It will aim to support local people and contribute to the reinforcement and consolidation of the their entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as foster the start-‐ups addressing the new markets and opportunities generated by the growing tourism industry of the World Heritage site.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

5. Tourism market evaluation of cultural demands in World Heritage visitors to Cidade Velha

5.1 Methodological approach The market evaluation has been elaborated following a quantitative and qualitative methodology based on the surveys, direct contact, meetings, focus groups and interactions with tourists, local operators, travel agencies, World Heritage site managers and local community. Firstly, locally based researchers identified tourist groups near the World Heritage monuments during December 2013 and interacted with them asking questions linked to the satisfaction of their visit and aspects that could be improved. If they were interested in discussing the topic, they started a small group discussion focus CCIs and Tourism in Cidade Velha. From each group of visitors, one was randomly chosen to fill the questionnaire, avoiding therefore any subjective interpretation of their words. This was done up to fifty tourists. These surveys were taken on alternate days—including weekdays and weekends—and hours—mornings, afternoons and evenings—during two weeks. Most of the international tourists interviewed come from European destinations, including Germany, France, Spain, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Netherlands. There were also international tourists from Angola. There were slightly more male tourists than female, although the majority were adult couples. Almost 80% of interviewees were between 35 and 65 years old. Questions included demographic information as origin, gender and age; visit information as places/monuments, purpose and number of visits; satisfaction information as likes, improvement suggestions and if they would come back; as well as other visits in the country and how did they hear about Cidade Velha: tourism agencies, hotels, cruises, friends, Cape Verde Tourism Portal, Municipal Government website, social networks, UNESCO World Heritage List, medias or others. The Consultant was in charge of the data processing and analysis to include the most

Cidade Velha

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

relevant findings in the final report. The Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations trained the local inquirers. In parallel local researchers identified main local tourist operators and travel agencies in order to interview them on the current situation of the tourism market in Cidade Velha. Once they did the first meeting to collect general data, they were able to select the most relevant and ask them to fill the questionnaire. A total of five agencies with more involvement in the local Tourism Industry and a minimum of three years working in Cidade Velha were chosen and they filled directly the survey with their own data. This survey was meaningful to receive inputs from professionals of the sector, receiving tourists from different international tour operators, including information about the number of tourist they take to Cidade Velha annually, the places tourists visit, the services they offer and those requested by tourists, what tourists like more, if the introduction in UNESCO’s World Heritage List contributed to increase the quantity of visitors and if they have any partnership with local entrepreneurs. Likewise, data about the contacts of the agency, the person in charge, the foundational date and the number of local employees was collected. Finally, the local researchers organized several interactions with the managers of the site and they chose to survey the concessionary of the site, as it is in more direct contact with the tourists. Likewise, as it issues the entrance passes for the monuments, it is a source of interesting information, such as the number of visitors or the period of the year with higher demand. The questionnaire filled by the manager of the concessionary contained noteworthy information on the average of tourist received by year, the monuments most visited, the average cost of the visit and the use of the funds from the entrance fee, tourists assessment of the monuments conservation and the guiding services, young entrepreneurs involved in World Heritage industries exploitation and their services for visitors, as well as other services that could be offered to the tourists. All the information from the questionnaires and surveys were compiled by the Consultant and used as a main source of information for this Study.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

5.2 Descriptive context Since 2009, when Cidade Velha, historic centre of Ribeira Grande, was inscribed in the UNESCO’s World Heritage list of cultural sites, a growing tourism industry has been developed in the area that nowadays is a significant source of income in the municipality. Following the data of the National Institute of Statistics on tourist destinations, Cidade Velha is one of the main attractions of Cabo Verde and the first one on Santiago Island. While the population of the municipality of Ribeira Grande in 2010 reached 9,618 censed inhabitants36, its monuments received nearly 23,000 visitors in 201337. The flow of visitors is constantly visible and the recently inaugurated tarred road linking Praia with Cidade Velha (12 km away) has facilitated the access to the city, shortening the traveling time to less than 15 minutes. The number of visitors has grown in progression particularly after 2011. According to the register of people from the managers of the historic site, in 2013 around 10,000 visitors paid the entrance to the monuments, including the Royal Fortress of S. Filipe, the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and the Convent of S. Francisco (500 CVE international visitors, 350 Cabo Verdean visitors). Tourists arrive everyday in Cidade Velha, either independently or with tour agencies, which provide them a guide in their language. Nonetheless, it is estimated that just around 50% of the visitors enters to the monuments that have entrance fee. According to Proimtur, the concessionary of the historic site, the full number of visitors doubled the number of people that purchases the circuit. Many may only visit the Pelourinho Square and the old Banana Street or come just for seeing the sunset with the Fogo Island volcano in the background. Despite the world crisis, tourism has continued to grow in Cabo Verde. Besides the efforts of the Government in marketing and promotion of the country as an attractive tropical holiday destination, the international context has played a decisive role in the expansion of the tourism industry. Events as the Arab Spring and the instability of some neighboring African countries that traditionally attracted the international tourism, have produced a shift in the traditional tourism routes benefiting Cabo Verde. Some years ago, very few vacation cruises came to Praia, but since 2012 the number of large ferries have increased rapidly and in 2013 almost every two weeks a large passenger ship is moored in Praia’s recently built harbor. For 2015, over 60 cruises are expected to 36 According to the last General Population Census elaborated by the National Statistics Institute of Cabo

Verde in 2010. Available at: http://www.ine.cv/censo/censo2010.aspx 37 Data popularized during the Conference commemorating the 5th Anniversary of Cidade Velha as World Heritage site.

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

arrive in Praia, multiplying exponentially the number of visitors to the World Heritage site. Although these tourists remain in Praia for a very short period, one of the most typical half-‐ day tours is Cidade Velha. Local travel agencies, in partnership with the international tour operators, organize the visits, normally in vans of 15 people with one guide that accompanies the visitors from the harbor to Cidade Velha, including one stop uptown, at the fortress and another downtown, at Pelourinho Square. From there, they move around on foot to visit the other monuments. The growth of the tourism industry in Cidade Velha is quite evident at all levels. New rural accommodation has been inaugurated in the historical centre, including a few houses at Banana Street rented by their local owners for eco-‐tourism. However, so far not many local young people have started entrepreneurship initiatives in the site to benefit from this growing demand for services. In summary, the Creative Economy is still in an incipient stage.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

5.3 Strengths and weaknesses analysis The Outstanding Universal Value of this legacy attracted in 2013 almost three times the population of the municipality of Ribeira Grande. This correlation between locals and visitors reflects the high potential of the tourism generated by the World Heritage site of Cidade Velha, which can give many opportunities to local entrepreneurs on CCIs. Services and infrastructures are starting to be developed in order to integrate the tourism industry into the sustainable development of the municipality. A successful integration will contribute to the improvement of living conditions of many families living in the perimeter of the historic site and surroundings. Nevertheless, “before heritage places are promoted or developed for increased tourism, management plans should assess the natural and cultural values of the resource. They should then establish appropriate limits of acceptable change, particularly in relation to the impact of visitor numbers on the physical characteristics, integrity, ecology and biodiversity of the place, local access and transportation systems and the social, economic and cultural well being of the host community”, recommends the International Cultural Tourism Charter38. It is advisable that stakeholders work together in the elaboration and implementation of a Strategic Plan of Cultural Tourism and Creative Economies for Cidade Velha in order to foster their integration in the sustainable development of the local communities, serving as guidelines for tourist and creative industries promotion and leveraging quality services and products for all visitors. Furthermore, residents would benefit more from tourism if adequate plans that frame income generating activities as a priority for developing local communities were operationalized in Cidade Velha. For World Heritage preservation purposes, it is needed the community involvement and participation. Local citizens and visitors can be involved together, facilitating an enriching exchange and strengthening the preservation of the legacy. A regulatory framework that facilitates entrepreneurship will definitely help, as well as orientation for local people who want to start a business on Creative Economies and Cultural Industries. Nowadays, there are a few local entrepreneurship initiatives, particularly those linked to the

38 Principle 2, paragraph 2.6 of the International Cultural Tourism Charter, ICOMOS, 2009

Cidade Velha

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

agriculture and sugarcane distillation industries, as well as livestock and fishery. There are also some services facilities as five small hotels and guesthouses and a few local restaurants. The Creative and Cultural Industries are emerging. Some handicrafts can be found at the main square, but most of them come from the neighboring countries.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

5.4 Tourist profiles Tourists come to Cidade Velha independently or with a package tour. The former come by themselves and once in the city find their way to visit the monuments or get a local guide, if available. The latter, the tour operator arranges everything for them, including transportation and guided visit; sometimes they also incorporate meals. This group can be subdivided in those who come from the hotels in Praia (they come to Praia in service or on holiday), those who come with the cruises, and those who come with a package trip from Sal or Boa Vista—the most touristic islands (with a large offer of all-‐inclusive resorts). According to the Proimtur manager, tourists that come in a package tour stay for a very short time in Cidade Velha and only spend few minutes around Pelourinho Square, getting some souvenirs and sometimes snacks and/or refreshments, before going back to the cruises or the hotels in Praia. On the other hand, the number of independent and national tourists is growing and they spend more in the local market. While the first kind of visitors come with an inclusive half-‐day or one day package, the second kind tends to stay longer and consume food in the local restaurants. Some of them also stay overnight, taking advantage of the diversified offer of hotels, Bed & Breakfast, hostels and rural houses in the municipality of Ribeira Grande and the more affordable prices than in the city of Praia. Another group of tourists are those who come from the resorts in Sal or Boa Vista islands with a tour package including the local flights and the visits on Santiago Island. These are the traditional tourists that came to Cidade Velha since the last decades. Indeed, since the starting of Proimtur operations in 2006, this was the larger group of visitors coming to the historical site. Nevertheless, this kind of tourism has not grown as quickly as the others in the last three years. Nowadays the tourists coming from cruises are gaining this position, following the same model of the all-‐inclusive tour. Definitely, Cidade Velha should focus more on the Cultural Tourism, particularly on visitors who stay longer and that want to know about the origins of the Creole society, the nature and the peoples of Cape Verde. From this positive interaction of locals and sightseers, the local economy can benefit a lot and contribute decisively to the sustainable development of the country.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

5.5 Surveys analysis and outcomes When asking about the source of information about Cidade Velha, World Heritage site, 54% of the tourists mentioned the tour agencies, followed by the hotels (16%), friends (10%), UNESCO World Heritage list (6%) and Cabo Verde tourism portal (6%). None of the tourists interviewed came to Cabo Verde exclusively to visit Cidade Velha. However, a few tourists (6%) were visiting friends in Ribeira Grande, so this was the main destination of their holidays. For 84% of the tourists this was the first time they were in Cidade Velha. Most of them visited several islands—Boa Vista, Fogo, S. Vicente or Sal—and several destinations within Santiago Island, mainly Tarrafal, Assomada and Rui Vaz, besides Praia, either on this trip or on former trips to Cabo Verde. Few of them have been to Cabo Verde before. Regarding the purpose of the visit, 54% answered for general tourism sight seeing, 24% highlighted adventure and hiking among the main motivations for coming to Ribeira Grande and another 12% specifically mentioned to know the history of the World Heritage site. The monuments most visited were the open air spaces of Pelourinho Square—with its ornate 16th century marble pillar—and Banana Street (90%)—with its traditional stone wall and straw roofed old houses—, followed by the Fortress, the Convent of S. Francisco and the Church of the Rosary (entrance fee), the ruins of the Se Cathedral, and the ruins of the Church-‐Hospital of the Misericord. Around 26% mentioned the valley, including the nature (baobab tree) and the distilleries of traditional sugarcane liquor “grog”, as well as the coastline and the beach. About 60% of the tourists mentioned that what they liked the most was the history and the monuments, mainly the Banana Street with the straw-‐roof houses, the Pelourinho Square, the Fortress, the Cathedral and the Convent, while 40% mentioned first the environment and the landscape of Cidade Velha. 10% mentioned also the hotels where they stayed and 6% the restaurants—favoring fried moray fish and grog. When asking about what can be improved in the visit, 16% made comments related to a cleaner environment and the need for more waste bins around the monuments, while 14% to the quality offer of renting houses and hotels, 12% to the lack of local guides, 6% to the public restrooms facilities, and 6% to the availability of information on the historic site. Other comments where related to open a visitor’s center and the linguistic availability of services.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

Finally, when asking about visiting again Cidade Velha 50% would like to come back, but 8% would not repeat the experience. The rest replied that they do not know or perhaps. When contacting the travel and local tourism agencies operating in Cidade Velha, they held that the UNESCO Declaration of World Heritage contributed to the expansion of the tourism in Ribeira Grande. However, they have neither partnership with local entrepreneurs nor local employees hired, yet. Nevertheless, one of the agencies has just signed an agreement with the Municipality government to promote further local involvement in its programs. By and large, the main services offered are transfers from hotels in Praia or other localities to Cidade Velha, guided tours, guided tours with lunch, driving tours and walking tours to the World Heritage monuments. They include all monuments in the half-‐day tour and the monuments plus the valley in the day tour. They transfer an average of 120 visitors per week from Praia. According to them, tourists like all the historic monuments, in particular the Pelourinho Square, the Fortress and the Se Cathedral archaeological ruins. By and large, the data collected from the tourism agencies was coherent with the data received from the World Heritage site managers. The manager of the concessionary indicated that the most popular historic attractions within the circuit covered by the entrance fee are the S. Philip Fortress and the Church of the Rosary. The income generated by the visitors is mainly used for conservation of the historical monuments and for the payment of the fifteen local employees, as a way to reduce unemployment and improve the living conditions of the surrounding communities. They are currently in the planning phase of a project to involve young people from Cidade Velha into the preservation of the heritage activities, as a way to sensitize them to the universal value of the World Heritage site.

Cidade Velha

Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

6. Recommendations to foster Creative Economy employment in the World Heritage After analyzing the growing touristic potential of the Municipality of Ribeira Grande and the opportunities for employment and income generation that this expanding market creates for entrepreneurs in the field of the Culture and the Creative Economies the following recommendations addressed to the stakeholders are concluded: General Recommendation: Operationalize a Strategic Plan on Cultural Tourism and Creative Economies for Cidade Velha, integrating Tourism as a main income generating activity for socio-‐economic development, within the context of the Cultural and Creative Industries. -‐Recommendation #1: Entrepreneurial Culture Mainstream Invest in the entrepreneurial culture of the young people since the childhood as a priority cross-‐cutting subject mainstreamed in the educative system of the country, with specialized programs as Entrepreneurship on World Heritage, Start-‐up on Creative and Cultural Industries, and Tourism Market Businesses, in partnership with the local development agencies, with a results oriented and practical approach. -‐Recommendation #2: Mentoring programs for entrepreneurs Implement mentoring and skills strengthening programs for the entrepreneurial initiatives that are already functioning in the Municipality, to facilitate the development of professionalized business that become competitive and expand their market to other touristic places in Cabo Verde. -‐Recommendation #3: Incubating Facility on Creative Economies Create an incubating facility on Creative Economy in the World Heritage, in Ribeira Grande,

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Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

that contributes to the reinforcement and consolidation of the entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as to the creation of new ones for the new markets and opportunities of the growing tourism industry generated by the World Heritage site. It should include training activities and technical assistance, as well as monitoring the entrepreneurs for a short period and a program for accelerating enterprises that are in process of consolidation. -‐Recommendation #4: Enabling environment for young entrepreneurs Support and facilitate an enabling environment for young entrepreneurs, where they can have easy access of information to business legislation, finance, markets and other investing indicators in a transparent and accountable way. -‐Recommendation #5: Coaching in the specific potential market niches Promote specialized coaching and trainings in the specific potential market niches, which combine environmentally friendly practices with sustainable economic development, as for instance, the use local natural raw materials and recycling products. -‐Recommendation #6: Certification of quality ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’ Create a stamp and certification of quality of local products, labeling them as ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’, in order to assure the high quality standards of all the products that target the tourist market and exportation. -‐Recommendation #7: ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’ e-‐business platform Create an online e-‐business platform to exhibit internationally the ‘Cidade Velha World Heritage’ labeled products and internationalize the market, opening a new selling window abroad. -‐Recommendation #8: Annual program of events Incentivize the organization of a diversified cultural agenda with a full year program of events on the historic site, where local artists can show their artistic creations, including

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Field Study Report

Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

music, dance and theatre performances, visual and plastic arts exhibitions and fairs. Then, tourists can adapt their agendas depending on their interests. -‐Recommendation #9: Finance education for local people Advance a local program on finance education for local people—children, youth and adults—including information and support on access to microcredits and micro financing support to start and consolidate their businesses. -‐Recommendation #10: Local Guide of Services Elaborate and publish a local guide of services, distributed in hotels and restaurants, in which is described the offer of services in the municipality, including advertising spaces for local entrepreneurs, list of events, addresses of restaurants and bars, guest houses and lodges, practicalities and other useful information. -‐Recommendation #11: World Heritage on youth hands Support the involvement of young people in the World Heritage preservation, so they can better understand the meaning of the history of the places where they live and feel attracted to promote their heritage and traditions and show them to other people. It can be done following the UNESCO guidelines ‘World Heritage on youth hands’. -‐Recommendation #12: R+D in the handcrafts market Introduce new techniques and products on the local handcrafts and earth products market to further develop and diversify the arts and crafts industry and offer a larger variety of souvenir products for tourists, made in Cidade Velha. -‐Recommendation #13: Eco-‐friendly gastronomy Reinforce the capacities of the entrepreneurs on organic agriculture and local eco-‐friendly gastronomy (slow-‐food) as a way to attract more tourists and improve the food selection of the restaurants.

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

-‐Recommendation #14: Language skills and customer relations Strengthen the language skills and the customer relations competence of the young entrepreneurs as a way to get more clients and make them feel satisfied with the services purchased. -‐Recommendation #15: Local corps of youth guides Promote local corps of youth guides that help tourists to discover the world heritage listening to unique and genuine stories experienced by the native people. Promote customized and special tours for each group of tourist, so that they feel they should stay longer because there are other things to discover in the Municipality. -‐Recommendation #16: Sub-‐aquatic heritage Explore the rich sub-‐aquatic heritage for tourists, including diving tours, sailing and boat tours to discover the heritage from the sea. Support innovative ideas in the offer of tours, including horse walks, adventure walks and sports, motocross, quads and others. -‐Recommendation #17: Continuity and sustainability of the success practices Assure the continuity and sustainability of the good practices and success projects from the past. For instance, it is very advisable to continue the project of the School-‐Workshop of Cidade Velha, as a sustainable model of vocational training, enlarging the offer of courses, particularly those related to basic services, cultural industries and tourism services.

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

7. References ACP (2006). ACP Strategies For Culture Development. Brussels: The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States. http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/ACP_STRATEGIES_FOR_CULTURE_DEV ELOPMENT.pdf ACP (2003). Dakar Declaration on the Promotion of ACP Cultures and Cultural Industries. Dakar: The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States. African Development Bank (2012). Cape Verde, a Success Story. Abidjan: AfDB. Available at: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-‐and-‐ Operations/Cape%20Verde%20-‐%20A%20Success%20Story.pdf African Union (2005). Nairobi Plan of Action for Cultural Industries in Africa. Nairobi: African Union Conference of Minister of Culture. Available at: http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/UA_NairobiPlanOfActionCultIndustries Africa_2005_en.pdf African Union (2005). Culture-‐in-‐Education And Education-‐in-‐Culture. Nairobi: African Union Conference of Minister of Culture. Available at: http://www.acpcultures.eu/_upload/ocr_document/UA_AfrMinCult_Culture+Education_20 05_en.pdf African Union (2004). Ouagadougou 2004 Plan of Action. Ouagadougou: African Union Ministries of Employment Conference. Available at: http://ouagaplus10.au.int/en African Union (2011). Malabo Declaration. Malabo: African Union Summit Available at: http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Assembly_AU_Dec_363-‐390_(XVII)__E.pdf African Union (2006). African Youth Charter. Addis Ababa: African Union. Available at: http://www.africa-‐union.org/root/ua/conferences/mai/hrst/charter%20english.pdf Bharucha, R. (2010). Alternative paradigms to the “creative economy”. In Cultural Expression, Creativity and Innovation. The Cultures and Globalization Series 3. H. Anheier and Y.R. Isar (eds.). London: SAGE Publications. Cabo Verde Government. (2010) Accession of Cabo Verde to WTO. Praia: MIREX. Available at: http://www.mirex.gov.cv/index.php/dossiers-‐especiais/omc.

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Cabo Verde Government. (2011). Government Program, VIII Legislature 2011-‐2016. Praia: Government of Cabo Verde. Available at: http://www.governo.cv/. Cabo Verde Government. (2012). Strategic Document for Growth and Poverty Reduction 2012-‐16 (DECRP III) Praia: Government of Cabo Verde. Cabo Verde Government (2010). Cabo Verde Tourism Strategic Plan 2010-‐2013”. Praia: General Tourism Directorate. Cabo Verde Government (2013) Diagnostic Trade Integration Study Update 2013, National Implementation Unit, Enhanced Integrated Framework in Cabo Verde, MTIE. Cabo Verde Republic. (2012). Cabo Verde Republic Constitution. Praia: Presidency of Republic. Carvalho, J.M.C. (2013). Republic of Cabo Verde, Third International Conference on Sustainable Development in Small Island States in Development National Report, United Nations Development Programme. Cunningham, S., Ryan, M.D., Keane, M., and Ordonez, D. (2008). Financing creative industries in developing countries. In Creative Industries and Developing Countries: Voice, Choice and Economic Growth, D. Barrowclough and Z. Kozul-‐Wright (eds.). London and New York: Routledge. Evans, (2009) G. Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. In Urban Studies, 46:1003-‐ 1040. Gibson, C. Building Creative Economies, Widening Development Pathways. UNESCO paper. Howkins, J. (2001). The Creative Economy: How People Make Money from Ideas. London: Penguin. ICOMOS (1999). Cultural Tourism Charter. Geneva: International Council on Monuments and Sites. Available at: http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.pdf ILO (2013). Declaration of Mindelo on “Decent Work for Youth Development”. Mindelo: Conference Post 2015 Agenda on Population and Youth Employment. Available at: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-‐-‐-‐africa/documents/presentation/wcms_216414.pdf

ILO (2013) Global Employment Trends for Youth: A generation at risk. Geneva: International Labour Organization. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-‐-‐-‐ dgreports/-‐-‐-‐dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_212423.pdf

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IMF (2011). World Economic Outlook. Ney York: International Monetary Fund. Available at: http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/fileadmin/uploads/aeo/PDF/Cape%20Verde%20F ull%20Country%20Note.pdf

Joffe, A. (2009). The Cultural and Creative Economy in Africa: Challenges and Innovations. UNESCO paper. Joffe, A. and Newton, M. (2009). The creative industries. In Sectors and Skills: The Need for Policy Alignment, A. Kraak (ed.). Cape Town: Human Sciences Research Council Press. Leitão C. (2014). Culture and Creative Economies: Pillars of the Transformation of Cabo Verde. Presentation at the Conference Cabo Verde 2030. Praia. Mo Ibrahim, F. (2012). Facts and Figures Report. London: Mo Ibrahim Foundation. Available at http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/2013/2012-‐facts-‐and-‐figures.pdf Pratt, A. Local Capacity-‐building and the Creative Economy in the Global South. UNESCO paper. Schultz, M. and van Gelder, A. (2008). Creative development: Helping poor countries by building creative industries. Kentucky Law Journal, 97: 79-‐148. Throsby, D. (2001). Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. UNCTAD (2008). Creative Economy Report 2008 -‐ The Challenge of Assessing the Creative Economy: Towards Informed Policy Making. Geneva/New York: United Nations. Available at: http://www.unctad.org/creative-‐economy. UNCTAD (2010). Creative Economy Report 2010. A Feasible Development Option. Geneva: United Nations. Available at: http://www.unctad.org/creative-‐economy. UNCTAD (2013). Creative Economy, Copyright and Digital Distribution. Praia: UNCTAD. UNCTAD (2013). Analytical report Tourism Development in Cape Verde. Praia: UNCTAD. UNDP/UNESCO (2013). Report on Creative Economies, New York/Paris: United Nations. Available at: http://www.creativeeconomyreport2013.com/ UNECA (2013). Creative Economy: A new development paths for youth employment. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa (draft concept note). UNESCO (2011). Policies for Creativity, Buenos Aires: UNESCO. Available at: www.unesco.org/es/guia-‐industrias-‐culturales

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UNESCO (2009). Framework for Cultural Statistics. Montreal, Canada: UNESCO. UNESCO (2013). Declaration of Praia “Promoting Youth Employment in the Creative Economy in Africa”, Praia: High Level Ministerial Meeting on Culture, Education, Creativity and Youth Employability. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/dakar/about-‐this-‐office/single-‐ view/news/the_declaration_of_praia_promoting_youth_employment_in_the_creative_economy_in_africa/

UNESCO (2013) Minutes of the High Level Ministerial Meeting on Culture, Education, Creativity and Youth Employability. Praia: UNESCO. UNESCO (2001) Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-‐URL_ID=13179&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO & Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity (2006). Understanding Creative Industries, Paris: UNESCO UNIDO (2013). Creative Industries for Youth: Unleashing Potential and Growth. Vienna. Available at: http://eudevdays.eu/sites/default/files/13-‐81037_Ebook.pdf UNWTO (2010). Manual on Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Practical Steps for Destinations. Madrid: World Tourism Organization. UNWTO (2006). Poverty Alleviation through Tourism: A Compilation of Good Practices. Madrid: World Tourism Organization. UNWTO (2004). Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Recommendations for Action. Madrid: World Tourism Organization. UNWTO (2005). Declaration “Harnessing Tourism for the Millennium Development Goals”. New York: World Tourism Organization. Available at: http://step.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/declaration.pdf Van Graan, M. (2011). The Creative Economy, Development, Culture, Human Rights and Democracy in Africa: Joining the dots. Cape Town. Available at: http://www.arterialnetwork.org/uploads/2011/12/Mike_van_ Graans_Presentation.pdf. Wiedemann, V. (2008). Promoting creative industries: Public policies in support of film, music, and broadcasting. In Creative Industries and Developing Countries: Voice, Choice and Economic Growth, D. Barrowclough and Z. Kozul-‐Wright (eds.). London and New York: Routledge.

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World Bank (2010). Cape Verde’s Transformation: Tourism as a Driver of Growth. New York: Case Study for the World Bank. World Bank (2013). Tourism Development in Cape Verde: Is it Time to Abandon the All-‐ Inclusive Model? Draft: World Bank. World Commission on Culture and Development (1996). Our Creative Diversity. Paris: UNESCO. Availalble at: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/es/files/30297/11942616973cultural_stat_EN.pdf/cultural_stat_EN.pdf WTO EIF (2014) Cape Verde’s Creative Economy. Praia: WTO

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8. List of Abbreviations ACP AECID AfDB AU CMRGS CoE CPLP DECRP EIF ICC IEFP ILO IMF INE IPC JICA LAJURGES MDG MIREX MTIE

Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development African Development Bank African Union Municipal Government of Ribeira Grande de Santiago Council of Europe Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries Strategic Document for Growth and Poverty Reduction Enhanced Integrated Framework Cultural and Creative Industries Institute of Employment and Professional Training International Labour Organization International Monetary Fund National Statistics Institute Institute of Heritage and Culture Japanese International Cooperation Agency Ribeira Grande League of Youth Associations Millennium Development Goals Ministry of Foreign Relations of Cabo Verde Ministry of Tourism, Industry and Energy of Cabo Verde 51

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Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande Creative Economies, World Heritage, Youth Entrepreneurship and Tourism

NGO PLEI UNCTAD UNDP UNECA UNESCO UNESCO NatCom UNIDO UNWTO WHC WTO WHV

Non Governmental Organization Inter-‐Sectorial Strategic Plan United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme United Nations Economic Commission for Africa United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Cabo Verde National Commission for UNESCO United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations World Tourism Organization World Heritage Convention World Trade Organization World Heritage Volunteers